1328:
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1518:) studied the rhythms of Sanskrit poetry. Syllables in Sanskrit are either long or short. Long syllables have twice the length of short syllables. The question he asked is How many rhythm patterns with a given total length can be formed from short and long syllables? For example, how many patterns have the length of five short syllables (i.e. five "beats")? There are eight: SSSSS, SSSL, SSLS, SLSS, LSSS, SLL, LSL, LLS. As rhythm patterns, these are xxxxx, xxxx., xxx.x, xx.xx, x.xxx, xx.x., x.xx., x.x.x
935:
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46:
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1302:). He gave a detailed grammar of Apabhraṃśa and also illustrated it with the folk literature of the time for better understanding. It is the only known Apabhraṃśa grammar. He wrote the grammar in form of rules, with 8 Adhyayas (Chapters) and "Tattvaprakaashika prakash" with "maharnav nyaas" in one year.
1380:
and further suggests that
Draupadi was Nagasri in one of her previous lives and had poisoned a Jain monk. Therefore, she had to suffer in hell and animal incarnations for several lives before being born as woman who later became a Jain nun. After her death, she was reborn as Draupadi and was married
909:
Some years later, Hemachandra was initiated a Jain monk on Magha Sud Chauth (4th day of the bright half of Magha month) and was given a new name, Somchandra. Udayana helped
Devchandra Suri in the ceremony. He was trained in religious discourse, philosophy, logic and grammar and became well versed in
1056:
because it was prophesied that the kingdom would meet its demise at
Kumarapala's hands. Hemachandra hid Kumarapala under a pile of manuscripts to save him. However, such motifs are common in Indian folk literature, so it is unlikely it was an actual historical event. Also, many sources differ on
1362:", their asceticism and eventual liberation from the cycle of death and rebirth, as well as the legendary spread of the Jain influence. It still serves as the standard synthesis of source material for the early history of Jainism. The appendix to this work, the
906:, where Hemachandra was placed under the care of the local governor Udayana. Chachiga came to Udayana's place to take his son back, but was so overwhelmed by the kind treatment he received, that he decided to willingly leave his son with Devachandra.
901:
Devachandra Suri visited
Dhandhuka and was impressed by the young Hemachandra's intellect. His mother and maternal uncle concurred with Devachandra, in opposition to his father, that Hemachandra be a disciple of his. Devachandra took Hemachandra to
1306:
had installed the grammar work in Patan's (historically
Anhilpur) state library. Many copies were made of it, and many schemes were announced for the study of the grammar. Scholars named Kaakal and Kaayasth took great efforts to teach the grammar.
2187:
This sequence was first described by the Indian mathematicians Gopala and
Hemachandra in 1150, who were investigating the possible ways of exactly packing items of length 1 and 2 into containers. In the West it was first studied by
1023:
after himself and the king. Siddharaja was so pleased with the work that he ordered it to be placed on the back of an elephant and paraded through the streets of
Anhilwad Patan. Hemachandra also composed the
1007:. He was so impressed by it that he told the scholars in his court to produce a grammar that was as easy and lucid. Hemachandra requested Siddharaja to find the eight best grammatical treatises from
982:, the earliest biography of Hemachandra, Jayasimha spotted Hemachandra while passing through the streets of his capital. The king was impressed with an impromptu verse uttered by the young monk.
1327:
1250:
889:, on Kartika Sud Purnima (the full moon day of Kartika month). His date of birth differs according to sources but 1088 is generally accepted. His father, Chachiga-deva was a Modh Bania
1078:. Some Hindu saints who were jealous of Hemachandra's rising popularity with the Kumarapala complained that Hemachandra was a very arrogant person, that he did not respect the
873:(“Deeds of the 63 Illustrious Men”), a Sanskrit epic poem on the history of important figures of Jainism. Later in his life, he changed his name to Hemachandra.
1149:
in the name of religion was completely uprooted in
Gujarat. As a result, even almost 900 years after Hemchandra, Gujarat still continues to be a predominantly
1145:. His influence on Kumarapala resulted in Jainism becoming the official religion of Gujarat and animal slaughter was banned in the state. The tradition of
3038:
4923:
3139:
1968:. Bombay Sanskrit and Prakrit Series Book LX. P. L. Vaidya (revision) (2 ed.). Poona: The Bhandarkar Oriental Institute. pp. xxiii–xxv.
1099:
I bow down to him who has destroyed the passions like attachment and malice which are the cause of the cycle of birth and death; whether he is
1235:
and its auto-commentary is a very influential text in Jain thought. According to Olle
Quarnström it is "the most comprehensive treatise on
5141:
1060:
Hemachandra became the advisor to
Kumarapala. During Kumarapala's reign, Gujarat became a center of culture. Using the Jain approach of
2232:
5146:
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939:
3172:
2438:
2282:
Indian Merchants and Entrepreneurs in Historical Perspective: With Special Reference to Shroffs of Gujarat, 17th to 19th Centuries
2245:
Olle Quarnström (2002), The Yogaśāstra of Hemacandra: A Twelfth Century Handbook of Śvetāmbara Jainism, Harvard University Press,
5211:
5186:
2153:... before Fibonacci proposed the problem; they were given by Virahanka (between 600 and 800 AD), Gopala (prior to 1 135 AD), ...
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Olle Quarnström, The Yogasastra of Hemacandra : a twelfth century handbook of Svetambara Jainism, 2002, introduction
961:, the four monsoon months, he started living at Patan during these periods and produced the majority of his works there.
5196:
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1372:, contains his own commentary and is in itself a treatise of considerable depth It has been translated into English as
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school of Jainism in 1110 and took the name Somachandra. In 1125 he became an adviser to King Kumarapala and wrote
564:
1086:. When called upon to visit the temple on the inauguration with Kumarapala, Hemachandra readily bowed before the
5221:
5216:
4278:
1358:
and other important persons instrumental in defining the Jain philosophical position, collectively called the "
1053:
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1167:. He died at Anhilavad Patan. The year of death differs according to sources but 1173 is generally accepted.
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4827:
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1066:, Hemchandra is said to have displayed a broad-minded attitude, which pleased Kumarapala. Kumarapala was a
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He announced about his death six months in advance and fasted in his last days, a Jain practice called
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Bhava Bijankaura-janana Ragadyam Kshayamupagata Yasya, Brahma va Vishnu va Haro Jino va Namastasmai.
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1965:
The Kumarapalacarita (Prakrta Dvyasraya Kavya) of Hemachandra with commentary of Purnakalashagani
995:
1456:
Thirteen ways of arranging long and short syllables in a cadence of length six, here shown with
953:(Patan). It is not certain when Hemachandra visited Patan for the first time. As Jain monks are
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2011:
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2045:'Prastaavna', Haim Sanskrit Praveshika by Pandit Shivlal Nemchand Shah, Bhadrankar Prakashan.
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8:
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Ultimately, the king became a devoted follower of Hemachandra and a champion of Jainism.
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1092–1141) and soon rose to prominence in the Chaulukya royal court. According to the
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A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century
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A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century
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The dates of birth and death differs according to sources. He was initiated aged 21.
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A Noble Heritage: A Collection of Short Stories Based on the Folklore of Saurashtra
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from Dhar along with other things. One day Siddhraja came across the manuscript of
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in Sanskrit. The text is notable for using 1 mm miniaturized Devanagari script.
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2268:. Directorate of Government Print., Stationery and Publications. p. 183.
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The Web's awake: an introduction to the field of Web science and the concept
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897:. Hemchandra's original given name was Changadeva. In his childhood, the
890:
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613:
499:
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303:
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Purana Perennis: Reciprocity and Transformation in Hindu and Jaina Texts
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Starting in 1121, Hemachandra was involved in the construction of the
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2702:
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2636:
2616:
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2510:
2505:
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1469:
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1131:
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958:
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923:
882:
831:
722:
712:
687:
522:
474:
353:
95:
1661:
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4876:
4786:
4776:
4527:
4425:
4344:
4232:
4227:
3740:
3714:
3447:
3124:
2871:
2849:
2707:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2595:
2532:
1377:
1294:(virtually Gurjar Apabhraṃśa, prevalent in the area of Gujarat and
1267:
1196:
1180:
1067:
1052:, there was an incident where Siddharaja wanted to kill his nephew
1040:
910:
Jain and non–Jain scriptures. At the age of 21, he was ordained an
903:
839:
752:
462:
173:
16:
12th-century Jain scholar, poet, writer, mathematician and polymath
1972:
1908:
1343:. It is an important source of history of region of the time. The
1011:. He studied them and produced a new grammar work in the style of
3581:
3357:
3352:
3323:
3186:
2383:
1409:
1331:
Worship of Parshvanatha, Folio from the Siddhahemashabdanushasana
1271:
1239:
1200:
1184:
1176:
1071:
1008:
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886:
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205:
130:
850:. Noted as a prodigy by his contemporaries, he gained the title
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4237:
3735:
3475:
3342:
3308:
2893:
2866:
1188:
1104:
1100:
1087:
919:
869:, a work on politics from a Jain perspective. He also produced
634:
293:
45:
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4432:
4410:
4358:
3872:
3849:
3318:
1204:
1108:
1083:
990:
986:
843:
3182:
1472:(1202). He was considering the number of cadences of length
5095:
5083:
2073:
819:
1315:
In 1125, he became an adviser to Kumarapala and wrote the
2449:
Acharya Hemchandra by Madhya Pradesh Hindi Granth Academy
1464:
Hemachandra, following the earlier Gopala, described the
827:
2091:
1508: − 2) is what defines the Fibonacci sequence.
1335:
To illustrate the grammar, he produced the epic poetry
2112:
2412:, ed. H. Jacobi, Calcutta, 1883; trans. Fynes (1998).
2336:
1978:
1914:
1385:
follows the model of Kashmiri rhetorician Mammata's
1044:
Idol of Hemachandra at Jain Center of New Jersey, US
2085:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1376:. In the test, Hemchandra accepts the polyandry of
1891:The Encyclopaedia Of Indian Literature (A To Devo)
1869:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1526:His other works are a commentary in rhetoric work
1231:His systematic exposition of the Jain path in the
1416:is a lexicon of words bearing multiple meanings.
854:, "the knower of all knowledge in his times" and
5123:
2430:Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Caritra of Hemchandra
2419:, ed. Muni Jambūvijaya, 3 vols, Bombay, 1977–86.
1894:. Vol. 1. Sahitya Akademi. pp. 15–16.
1424:is the lexicon of local or non-Sanskrit origin.
4924:Hatha Yoga: The Report of A Personal Experience
2261:
1848:
926:. At this time, he was named Hemachandra Suri.
2016:. Global Vision Pub House. 2005. p. 278.
1319:, a work on politics from a Jain perspective.
1153:state, despite having an extensive coastline.
957:for eight months and stay at one place during
4374:
3166:
2479:
2459:The Golden Mean and the Physics of Aesthetics
2436:Bibliography of Hemachandra's works, Item 687
2355:
2134:Fibonacci and Lucas numbers with applications
2079:
1823:
1821:
1480: − 1, or a long syllable to one of
1290:, the otherwise-unattested Cūlikāpaiśācī and
1082:and that he refused to bow down to Hindu God
1035:
929:
777:
1887:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1801:
2255:
1984:
1773:
1771:
1223:A 12th-century manuscript of Hemachandra's
964:Probably around 1125, he was introduced to
861:Born as Changadeva, he was ordained in the
4381:
4367:
3173:
3159:
2486:
2472:
1888:Datta, Amaresh; various (1 January 2006).
1751:Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: A-Devo
1655:
1653:
1633:Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: A-Devo
784:
770:
44:
2272:
2056:"Hemachandra | Jaina author | Britannica"
1798:
1697:"Hemachandra | Jaina author | Britannica"
1468:in around 1150, about fifty years before
1350:or "Lives of Sixty-Three Great Men" is a
940:Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University
2000:. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p. xviii.
1768:
1727:. Pearson Education India. p. 241.
1484: − 2. This recursion relation
1451:
1326:
1249:
1218:
1121:
1039:
933:
21:For other people named Hemachandra, see
3180:
2493:
2445:, Karl Potter, University of Washington
2309:
2118:
1990:
1962:Pandit, Shankar Pandurang, ed. (1936).
1931:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1650:
1175:A prodigious writer, Hemachandra wrote
5124:
2231:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2164:
2158:
1961:
1834:. Psychology Press. pp. 134–135.
1827:
945:At the time, Gujarat was ruled by the
4362:
3154:
2467:
2278:
2130:
1784:. Star Publications. pp. 79–80.
1777:
1747:
1720:
1629:
1408:(IAST abhidhāna-cintāmaṇi-kośa) is a
814:saint, scholar, poet, mathematician,
158:Siddha-Hema-Śabdanuśāśana, Yogasastra
2124:
2013:Encyclopaedia of Oriental Philosophy
1920:
5111:Category:Medieval Hatha Yoga asanas
2382:Cinnaiya, S., Nayara, H. K., &
2285:. Academic Foundation. p. 65.
2092:Hemacandra; R. C. C. Fynes (1998).
1636:. Sahitya Akademi. pp. 15–16.
985:In 1135, when Siddharaja conquered
13:
5142:12th-century Indian mathematicians
2398:
2321:State University of New York Press
1659:
1605:Indian Merchants and Entrepreneurs
1298:at that time and the precursor of
1214:
871:Trishashti-shalaka-purusha-charita
14:
5233:
2432:English translation of books 1-10
2423:
2279:Mehta, Makrand (1 January 1991).
5147:12th-century Indian philosophers
4441:
4343:
3181:
1778:Joshi, Dinkar (1 January 2005).
1389:. He quoted other scholars like
1126:Representative Image of Acharya
1028:, an epic on the history of the
751:
212:
2239:
2193:
2048:
2039:
2030:
2004:
1955:
1754:. Sahitya Akademi. p. 15.
1400:
856:father of the Gujarati language
50:Drawing of Hemchandra based on
5212:12th-century Indian historians
5187:12th-century Indian Jain poets
4388:
4279:List of Digambar Jain ascetics
1741:
1714:
1689:
1662:"A Short History of Jaina Law"
1623:
1564:
1521:
1447:
1070:and ordered the rebuilding of
1:
2337:Asoke Kumar Majumdar (1956).
1611:
1598:Gujarat Gazetteers, Volume 18
1552:List of Indian mathematicians
1512:
1032:, to illustrate his grammar.
876:
106:
82:
2095:The Lives of the Jain Elders
1939:. Jain World. Archived from
1616:
1374:The Lives of the Jain Elders
1348:Trīṣaṣṭiśalākāpuruṣacharitra
893:. His mother, Pahini, was a
7:
5177:Cultural history of Gujarat
4545:Pātañjalayogaśāstravivaraṇa
4476:Pātañjalayogaśāstravivaraṇa
3364:
2098:. Oxford University Press.
1545:
1310:
1254:Hemachandra's grammar text
593:Uttaradhyayana (Śvetāmbara)
369:Aparigraha (non-possession)
10:
5238:
2343:. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.
2303:
1781:Glimpses of Indian Culture
1431:
1245:
1036:Hemachandra and Kumarapala
989:, he brought the works of
930:Hemachandra and Siddharaja
579:Dravyasamgraha (Digambara)
558:Pravachanasara (Digambara)
20:
5197:12th-century Indian monks
5167:Gujarati-language writers
5071:
5033:
4990:
4935:
4450:
4439:
4396:
4340:
4292:
4256:
4139:
4078:
4042:
3972:
3890:
3883:
3835:
3759:
3723:
3673:
3600:
3515:
3461:
3406:
3397:
3221:
3193:
3052:
2976:
2920:
2892:
2882:
2751:
2650:
2609:
2554:
2541:
2501:
1979:Asoke Kumar Majumdar 1956
1915:Asoke Kumar Majumdar 1956
1322:
1264:Siddha-Hema-Śabdanuśāśana
1256:Siddhahemashabdanushasana
1021:Siddha-Hema-Śabdanuśāśana
181:
167:
162:
154:
144:
136:
126:
102:
74:
69:
61:
43:
30:
4892:Setu Bandha Sarvangasana
2441:13 November 2021 at the
2262:Gujarat (India) (1984).
1557:
1428:is a botanical lexicon.
1352:hagiographical treatment
1266:includes six languages:
1170:
1156:
881:Hemachandra was born in
808: 1172/1173 CE
733:Parasparopagraho Jivanam
586:Kalpa Sūtra (Śvetāmbara)
376:Anuvratas (further vows)
5192:12th-century Jain monks
4916:Yogasopana Purvacatuska
4640:Dattatreya Yoga Shastra
4536:Ancient non-meditation
4243:Jain terms and concepts
3863:Digambar Jain Mahasabha
2165:Tetlow, Philip (2007).
1748:Datta, Amaresh (1987).
1721:Singh, Upinder (2008).
1630:Datta, Amaresh (1987).
996:Sarasvati-Kanthabharana
938:Bust of Hemachandra at
342:Mahavratas (major vows)
65:Acharya Hemchandra Suri
4840:Adho Mukha Vrikshasana
2131:Koshy, Thomas (2001).
1677:Cite journal requires
1461:
1381:to five pandavas. His
1332:
1259:
1228:
1134:
1117:
1057:Siddharaja's motives.
1045:
942:
640:Mahavir Janma Kalyanak
551:Samayasāra (Digambara)
364:Brahmacarya (chastity)
5217:Scholars from Gujarat
4687:Sharngadhara-paddhati
4274:List of Jain ascetics
4079:Dynasties and empires
3868:Vishwa Jain Sangathan
2340:Chaulukyas of Gujarat
2173:John Wiley & Sons
2139:John Wiley & Sons
1828:Dundas, Paul (2002).
1460:of length 1cm and 2cm
1455:
1418:Deshi-Shabda-Sangraho
1330:
1253:
1222:
1207:and many branches of
1125:
1092:
1043:
937:
918:school of Jainism at
359:Asteya (non-stealing)
349:Ahiṃsā (non-violence)
4828:Hathabhyasa-paddhati
4721:Hatha Yoga Pradipika
4269:List of Jain temples
3065:Chandrashekhar Vijay
2454:The Rhythm of Poetry
2388:Cakita kare Fibonācī
1992:Meghani, Jhaverchand
1532:Abhidhana-chintamani
1304:Jayasimha Siddharaja
1019:. He named his work
966:Jayasimha Siddharaja
799:was a 12th century (
518:Schools and Branches
5207:Indian male writers
4567:Ahirbudhnya Samhita
4539:Ahirbudhnya Saṃhitā
4350:Religion portal
4284:Topics List (index)
3575:Mahamastakabhisheka
2591:Digambara Terapanth
2495:Jain monks and nuns
1444:, with commentary.
1406:Abhidhan-Chintamani
1354:of the twenty four
1276:Maharashtri Prakrit
999:(also known as the
758:Religion portal
448:The 24 Tirthankaras
5157:History of Gujarat
4902:Urdhva Dhanurasana
4857:Akarna Dhanurasana
4470:Darshana Upanishad
4248:Sexual differences
2855:Ganeshprasad Varni
2516:Indrabhuti Gautama
2406:Sthavirāvalīcarita
2080:Upinder Singh 2016
2060:www.britannica.com
1701:www.britannica.com
1528:Alankara Chudamani
1500: − 1) +
1466:Fibonacci sequence
1462:
1370:Sthavirāvalīcarita
1339:on the history of
1333:
1260:
1229:
1135:
1046:
943:
565:Agama (Śvetāmbara)
23:Hemachandra (name)
5182:Indian Jain monks
5162:Fibonacci numbers
5119:
5118:
4955:Jalandhara Bandha
4710:Paschimottanasana
4652:Vasishtha Samhita
4356:
4355:
4038:
4037:
3817:Hampa Nagarajaiah
3710:Auspicious dreams
3638:Bhaktamara Stotra
3511:
3510:
3148:
3147:
2928:Keśiśramanācharya
2376:978-93-325-6996-6
2367:Pearson Education
2292:978-81-7188-017-1
2182:978-0-470-13794-9
2105:978-0-19-283227-6
2023:978-81-8220-113-2
1901:978-81-260-1803-1
1841:978-0-415-26606-2
1791:978-81-7650-190-3
1761:978-81-260-1803-1
1734:978-81-317-1677-9
1643:978-81-260-1803-1
1341:Chaulukya dynasty
1300:Gujarati language
1270:, the "standard"
1209:Indian philosophy
1048:According to the
1030:Chaulukya dynasty
1003:), a treatise on
947:Chaulukya dynasty
885:, in present-day
804: 1088
794:
793:
413:Micchami Dukkadam
408:Bhaktamara Stotra
337:Ethics of Jainism
191:
190:
186:Acharya (Jainism)
177:by Devchandrasuri
140:Chachinga, Pahini
5229:
5222:Śvetāmbara monks
5106:Yoga using props
5101:Yoga as exercise
4753:Gheranda Samhita
4646:Goraksha Shataka
4584:Vimanarcanakalpa
4445:
4383:
4376:
4369:
4360:
4359:
4348:
4347:
4310:Monks & nuns
4207:Statue of Ahimsa
4164:Pañca-Parameṣṭhi
3888:
3887:
3802:Champat Rai Jain
3645:Tattvartha Sutra
3404:
3403:
3367:
3185:
3175:
3168:
3161:
3152:
3151:
2933:Swayamprabhasuri
2912:Kharatara Gaccha
2488:
2481:
2474:
2465:
2464:
2394:: Pratham Books.
2379:
2352:
2333:
2297:
2296:
2276:
2270:
2269:
2259:
2253:
2243:
2237:
2236:
2230:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2212:
2206:. Archived from
2205:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2128:
2122:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2089:
2083:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2052:
2046:
2043:
2037:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1988:
1982:
1976:
1970:
1969:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1943:on 29 April 2008
1933:
1918:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1885:
1846:
1845:
1825:
1796:
1795:
1775:
1766:
1765:
1745:
1739:
1738:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1693:
1687:
1686:
1680:
1675:
1673:
1665:
1657:
1648:
1647:
1627:
1571:
1568:
1517:
1514:
1436:He composed the
1337:Dvyashraya Kavya
1151:lacto-vegetarian
1147:animal sacrifice
1026:Dvyashraya Kavya
1005:Sanskrit grammar
1001:Lakshana Prakash
975:Prabhavakacarita
852:kalikālasarvajña
809:
805:
786:
779:
772:
756:
755:
693:Shravanabelagola
600:Cīvaka Cintāmaṇi
572:Tattvartha Sutra
216:
193:
192:
163:Religious career
111:
108:
87:
84:
48:
28:
27:
5237:
5236:
5232:
5231:
5230:
5228:
5227:
5226:
5172:Gujarati people
5122:
5121:
5120:
5115:
5067:
5029:
4986:
4972:Viparita Karani
4965:Uddiyana Bandha
4931:
4759:Hatha Ratnavali
4727:Baddha Konasana
4664:Viparita Karani
4482:Goraksha Sataka
4452:
4446:
4437:
4392:
4387:
4357:
4352:
4342:
4336:
4288:
4252:
4201:Panch Kalyanaka
4135:
4074:
4070:Non-creationism
4034:
3968:
3879:
3831:
3812:Jeffery D. Long
3807:Padmanabh Jaini
3792:Virchand Gandhi
3772:Colette Caillat
3755:
3719:
3669:
3596:
3507:
3457:
3393:
3280:Heavenly beings
3217:
3189:
3179:
3149:
3144:
3135:Daulatsagarsuri
3105:Ratnasundarsuri
3095:Ramchandra Suri
3060:Buddhisagarsuri
3048:
3039:Vidyamandansuri
3004:Kalyansagarsuri
2999:Aryarakshitsuri
2989:Bappabhattisuri
2972:
2938:Ratnaprabhasuri
2916:
2888:
2878:
2747:
2646:
2605:
2550:
2546:Digambara monks
2537:
2497:
2492:
2443:Wayback Machine
2426:
2410:Pariśiṣṭaparvan
2401:
2399:Further reading
2377:
2331:
2306:
2301:
2300:
2293:
2277:
2273:
2260:
2256:
2244:
2240:
2224:
2223:
2216:
2214:
2213:on 3 March 2019
2210:
2203:
2201:"Archived copy"
2199:
2198:
2194:
2183:
2163:
2159:
2149:
2129:
2125:
2117:
2113:
2106:
2090:
2086:
2078:
2074:
2064:
2062:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2044:
2040:
2035:
2031:
2024:
2010:
2009:
2005:
1989:
1985:
1977:
1973:
1960:
1956:
1946:
1944:
1935:
1934:
1921:
1913:
1909:
1902:
1886:
1849:
1842:
1826:
1799:
1792:
1776:
1769:
1762:
1746:
1742:
1735:
1719:
1715:
1705:
1703:
1695:
1694:
1690:
1678:
1676:
1667:
1666:
1660:Flügel, Peter.
1658:
1651:
1644:
1628:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1575:
1574:
1569:
1565:
1560:
1548:
1540:Vitaraga-Stotra
1536:Pramana-mimansa
1524:
1515:
1458:Cuisenaire rods
1450:
1438:Chandonushasana
1434:
1403:
1383:Kavyanuprakasha
1365:Pariśiṣṭaparvan
1325:
1313:
1248:
1217:
1215:Jain philosophy
1173:
1159:
1098:
1097:
1038:
932:
922:in present-day
879:
807:
803:
790:
750:
743:
742:
708:
707:
698:
697:
665:
664:
655:
654:
630:
629:
620:
619:
545:
544:
542:Jain literature
533:
532:
515:
514:
505:
504:
443:
442:
433:
432:
423:Ṇamōkāra mantra
403:
402:
393:
392:
334:
333:
324:
323:
254:
253:
176:
172:
155:Notable work(s)
122:
117:
109:
98:
93:
85:
81:
80:
57:
39:
36:
33:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5235:
5225:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5117:
5116:
5114:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5086:
5081:
5075:
5073:
5069:
5068:
5066:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5039:
5037:
5031:
5030:
5028:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4996:
4994:
4988:
4987:
4985:
4984:
4979:
4977:Khechari mudra
4974:
4969:
4968:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4947:
4941:
4939:
4933:
4932:
4930:
4929:
4928:
4927:
4919:
4907:
4906:
4905:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4851:Sritattvanidhi
4845:
4844:
4843:
4842:
4834:Joga Pradipika
4822:
4821:
4820:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4747:
4746:
4745:
4744:
4739:
4737:Matsyendrasana
4734:
4729:
4715:
4714:
4713:
4712:
4707:
4669:
4668:
4667:
4666:
4658:Vivekamārtaṇḍa
4634:
4633:
4624:
4623:
4622:
4621:
4616:
4606:Hemachandra's
4595:
4594:
4593:
4592:
4578:
4577:
4576:
4575:
4561:
4560:
4559:
4558:
4553:
4533:
4532:
4531:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4460:
4458:
4448:
4447:
4440:
4438:
4436:
4435:
4430:
4429:
4428:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4402:
4400:
4394:
4393:
4386:
4385:
4378:
4371:
4363:
4354:
4353:
4341:
4338:
4337:
4335:
4334:
4333:
4332:
4327:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4296:
4294:
4290:
4289:
4287:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4260:
4258:
4254:
4253:
4251:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4203:
4198:
4197:
4196:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4155:
4154:
4143:
4141:
4137:
4136:
4134:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4082:
4080:
4076:
4075:
4073:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4046:
4044:
4040:
4039:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4032:
4027:
4025:Southeast Asia
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3976:
3974:
3970:
3969:
3967:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3950:
3949:
3939:
3934:
3933:
3932:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3896:
3894:
3885:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3877:
3876:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3859:Organisations
3857:
3852:
3847:
3841:
3839:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3829:
3827:Jinendra Varni
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3797:Hermann Jacobi
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3763:
3761:
3757:
3756:
3754:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3731:Digambara monk
3727:
3725:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3706:
3705:
3700:
3690:
3685:
3679:
3677:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3667:
3665:Uttaradhyayana
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3641:
3640:
3635:
3633:Namokar Mantra
3627:
3622:
3620:Shatkhandagama
3617:
3615:Pravachanasara
3612:
3606:
3604:
3598:
3597:
3595:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3578:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3536:
3535:
3525:
3519:
3517:
3513:
3512:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3505:
3502:
3497:
3496:
3495:
3494:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3467:
3465:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3429:
3428:
3426:Kashtha Sangha
3423:
3421:Balatkara Gana
3412:
3410:
3401:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3370:
3369:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3335:
3334:
3333:
3332:
3331:
3326:
3316:
3306:
3301:
3300:
3299:
3294:
3284:
3283:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3265:Jain cosmology
3262:
3261:
3260:
3252:
3251:
3250:
3240:
3239:
3238:
3227:
3225:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3199:
3197:
3191:
3190:
3187:Jainism topics
3178:
3177:
3170:
3163:
3155:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3120:Vijayanandsuri
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3090:Vimalsagarsuri
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3056:
3054:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2980:
2978:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2924:
2922:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2898:
2896:
2890:
2889:
2883:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2876:
2875:
2874:
2864:
2863:
2862:
2860:Jinendra Varni
2857:
2847:
2846:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2799:
2798:
2797:
2796:
2794:Saubhagyasagar
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2755:
2753:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2654:
2652:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2613:
2611:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2577:
2576:
2574:Kashtha Sangha
2571:
2569:Balatkara Gana
2560:
2558:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2548:
2542:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2524:
2523:
2518:
2508:
2502:
2499:
2498:
2491:
2490:
2483:
2476:
2468:
2462:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2433:
2425:
2424:External links
2422:
2421:
2420:
2413:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2395:
2380:
2375:
2357:Singh, Upinder
2353:
2334:
2329:
2313:, ed. (1993),
2311:Doniger, Wendy
2305:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2291:
2271:
2254:
2251:978-0674009349
2238:
2192:
2181:
2157:
2147:
2123:
2121:, p. 241.
2111:
2104:
2084:
2072:
2047:
2038:
2029:
2022:
2003:
1983:
1971:
1954:
1919:
1907:
1900:
1847:
1840:
1797:
1790:
1767:
1760:
1740:
1733:
1713:
1688:
1679:|journal=
1649:
1642:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1608:
1601:
1594:
1583:
1573:
1572:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1554:
1547:
1544:
1523:
1520:
1516: 1150 CE
1449:
1446:
1433:
1430:
1422:Desi-nama-mala
1414:Anekarth Kosha
1402:
1399:
1397:in his works.
1391:Anandavardhana
1387:Kavya-prakasha
1324:
1321:
1312:
1309:
1247:
1244:
1242:known to us".
1216:
1213:
1172:
1169:
1158:
1155:
1037:
1034:
931:
928:
878:
875:
792:
791:
789:
788:
781:
774:
766:
763:
762:
761:
760:
745:
744:
741:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
709:
705:
704:
703:
700:
699:
696:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
666:
662:
661:
660:
657:
656:
653:
652:
647:
642:
637:
631:
627:
626:
625:
622:
621:
618:
617:
610:
607:Silappatikaram
603:
596:
589:
582:
575:
568:
561:
554:
546:
540:
539:
538:
535:
534:
531:
530:
525:
516:
512:
511:
510:
507:
506:
503:
502:
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
465:
460:
455:
450:
444:
440:
439:
438:
435:
434:
431:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
404:
400:
399:
398:
395:
394:
391:
390:
385:
379:
378:
372:
371:
366:
361:
356:
351:
345:
344:
335:
331:
330:
329:
326:
325:
322:
321:
316:
311:
306:
301:
296:
291:
286:
281:
276:
271:
266:
261:
255:
249:
248:
247:
244:
243:
242:
241:
236:
231:
226:
218:
217:
209:
208:
202:
201:
189:
188:
183:
179:
178:
169:
165:
164:
160:
159:
156:
152:
151:
146:
142:
141:
138:
134:
133:
128:
124:
123:
120:Anhilwad Patan
118:
104:
100:
99:
94:
78:
76:
72:
71:
67:
66:
63:
59:
58:
56:1294 palm leaf
49:
41:
40:
37:
34:
31:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5234:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5152:Jain acharyas
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5129:
5127:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5091:
5090:Roots of Yoga
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5076:
5074:
5070:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5040:
5038:
5036:
5032:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4997:
4995:
4993:
4989:
4983:
4982:Vajroli mudra
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4952:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4942:
4940:
4938:
4934:
4926:
4925:
4920:
4918:
4917:
4912:
4911:
4909:
4908:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4854:
4853:
4852:
4847:
4846:
4841:
4838:
4837:
4836:
4835:
4830:
4829:
4824:
4823:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4774:
4773:
4772:
4771:Bahr al-Hayāt
4767:
4766:
4765:Yogacintamani
4761:
4760:
4755:
4754:
4749:
4748:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4724:
4723:
4722:
4717:
4716:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4702:
4701:
4700:
4695:
4694:
4689:
4688:
4683:
4682:
4681:Shiva Samhita
4677:
4676:
4671:
4670:
4665:
4662:
4661:
4660:
4659:
4654:
4653:
4648:
4647:
4642:
4641:
4636:
4635:
4632:
4631:
4626:
4625:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4611:
4610:
4609:
4603:
4602:
4597:
4596:
4591:
4588:
4587:
4586:
4585:
4580:
4579:
4574:
4571:
4570:
4569:
4568:
4563:
4562:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4548:
4547:
4546:
4541:
4540:
4535:
4534:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4513:Sopasrayasana
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4485:
4484:
4483:
4478:
4477:
4472:
4471:
4466:
4462:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4449:
4444:
4434:
4431:
4427:
4424:
4423:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4403:
4401:
4399:
4395:
4391:
4384:
4379:
4377:
4372:
4370:
4365:
4364:
4361:
4351:
4346:
4339:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4322:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4297:
4295:
4291:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4264:List of Jains
4262:
4261:
4259:
4255:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4208:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4195:
4192:
4191:
4190:
4189:Jain calendar
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4153:
4150:
4149:
4148:
4145:
4144:
4142:
4138:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4083:
4081:
4077:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4047:
4045:
4041:
4031:
4030:United States
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3977:
3975:
3971:
3965:
3964:Uttar Pradesh
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3948:
3945:
3944:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3931:
3928:
3927:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3893:
3889:
3886:
3882:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3860:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3838:
3834:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3767:Nalini Balbir
3765:
3764:
3762:
3758:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3722:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3695:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3680:
3678:
3676:
3672:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3607:
3605:
3603:
3599:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3562:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3545:Vegetarianism
3543:
3541:
3538:
3534:
3531:
3530:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3520:
3518:
3514:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3478:
3477:
3474:
3473:
3472:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3464:
3460:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3418:
3417:
3414:
3413:
3411:
3409:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3396:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3368:
3366:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3339:
3336:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3288:
3285:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3267:
3266:
3263:
3259:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3244:
3241:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3232:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3224:
3220:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3176:
3171:
3169:
3164:
3162:
3157:
3156:
3153:
3141:
3140:Hansratnasuri
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3110:Kalapurnasuri
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3051:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3014:Jinadattasuri
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2975:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2919:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2902:Upkeśa Gaccha
2900:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2868:
2865:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2851:
2848:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2805:
2804:
2801:
2800:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2760:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2750:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2663:Bhadrabahu II
2661:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2649:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2627:Samantabhadra
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2608:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2565:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2553:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2540:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2522:
2521:Sudharmaswami
2519:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2503:
2500:
2496:
2489:
2484:
2482:
2477:
2475:
2470:
2469:
2466:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2444:
2440:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2428:
2427:
2418:
2414:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2402:
2393:
2389:
2386:, R. (2017).
2385:
2381:
2378:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2363:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2341:
2335:
2332:
2330:0-7914-1381-0
2326:
2322:
2318:
2317:
2312:
2308:
2307:
2294:
2288:
2284:
2283:
2275:
2267:
2266:
2258:
2252:
2248:
2242:
2234:
2228:
2209:
2202:
2196:
2189:
2184:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2169:
2161:
2154:
2150:
2148:9780471399698
2144:
2140:
2136:
2135:
2127:
2120:
2115:
2107:
2101:
2097:
2096:
2088:
2082:, p. 26.
2081:
2076:
2061:
2057:
2051:
2042:
2033:
2025:
2019:
2015:
2014:
2007:
1999:
1998:
1993:
1987:
1981:, p. 83.
1980:
1975:
1967:
1966:
1958:
1942:
1938:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1917:, p. 97.
1916:
1911:
1903:
1897:
1893:
1892:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1843:
1837:
1833:
1832:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1793:
1787:
1783:
1782:
1774:
1772:
1763:
1757:
1753:
1752:
1744:
1736:
1730:
1726:
1725:
1717:
1702:
1698:
1692:
1684:
1671:
1663:
1656:
1654:
1645:
1639:
1635:
1634:
1626:
1622:
1607:, (1089–1173)
1606:
1602:
1600:, (1087–1174)
1599:
1595:
1593:, (1088–1173)
1592:
1588:
1584:
1581:
1577:
1576:
1567:
1563:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1543:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1519:
1509:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1459:
1454:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1429:
1427:
1426:Niganthu Sesa
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1398:
1396:
1395:Abhinavagupta
1392:
1388:
1384:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1329:
1320:
1318:
1308:
1305:
1301:
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1133:
1130:and Maharaja
1129:
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1120:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1096:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1080:vedic deities
1077:
1076:Prabhas Patan
1073:
1069:
1065:
1064:
1058:
1055:
1051:
1050:Prabhachandra
1042:
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1022:
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868:
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849:
845:
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837:
836:lexicographer
833:
829:
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821:
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798:
787:
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764:
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749:
748:
747:
746:
739:
736:
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731:
729:
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724:
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711:
710:
702:
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694:
691:
689:
686:
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681:
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669:
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624:
623:
616:
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611:
609:
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604:
602:
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583:
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569:
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537:
536:
529:
526:
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521:
520:
519:
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491:
490:Samantabhadra
488:
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481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
470:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
445:
441:Major figures
437:
436:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
418:Navkar Mantra
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
405:
397:
396:
389:
386:
384:
381:
380:
377:
374:
373:
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362:
360:
357:
355:
354:Satya (truth)
352:
350:
347:
346:
343:
340:
339:
338:
328:
327:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
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297:
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139:
135:
132:
129:
125:
121:
115:
105:
101:
97:
91:
77:
73:
68:
64:
62:Official name
60:
55:
54:
53:Vikram Samvat
47:
42:
29:
24:
19:
5132:1080s births
5088:
4922:
4914:
4897:Tittibhasana
4862:Bhairavasana
4849:
4832:
4826:
4792:Kraunchasana
4782:Bhujangasana
4769:
4763:
4757:
4751:
4719:
4705:Gorakshasana
4699:Yogatārāvalī
4697:
4691:
4685:
4679:
4675:Khecarīvidyā
4673:
4656:
4650:
4644:
4638:
4628:
4607:
4601:Amritasiddhi
4599:
4582:
4565:
4543:
4537:
4523:Svastikasana
4480:
4474:
4468:
4411:Five sheaths
4406:Three bodies
4205:
4184:Samavasarana
4174:Śalākāpuruṣa
3782:John E. Cort
3693:Ashtamangala
3688:Siddhachakra
3625:Kasayapahuda
3592:Pratikramana
3500:Sthānakavāsī
3258:Anekāntavāda
3254:Jaina logic
3248:Kevala Jñāna
3243:Epistemology
3100:Rajendrasuri
2993:
2958:Devardhigani
2948:Sthulabhadra
2733:Prabhācandra
2658:Amritchandra
2416:
2415:Hemacandra.
2409:
2405:
2404:Hemacandra.
2387:
2361:
2339:
2315:
2281:
2274:
2264:
2257:
2241:
2217:24 September
2215:. Retrieved
2208:the original
2195:
2186:
2167:
2160:
2152:
2133:
2126:
2119:Doniger 1993
2114:
2094:
2087:
2075:
2063:. Retrieved
2059:
2050:
2041:
2032:
2012:
2006:
1996:
1986:
1974:
1964:
1957:
1945:. Retrieved
1941:the original
1937:"Hemacandra"
1910:
1890:
1830:
1780:
1750:
1743:
1723:
1716:
1704:. Retrieved
1700:
1691:
1670:cite journal
1632:
1625:
1604:
1597:
1590:
1586:
1579:
1566:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1525:
1510:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1463:
1440:, a work on
1437:
1435:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1405:
1404:
1401:Lexicography
1386:
1382:
1373:
1369:
1363:
1360:śalākāpuruṣa
1356:tirthankaras
1347:
1336:
1334:
1316:
1314:
1263:
1261:
1255:
1230:
1224:
1174:
1162:
1160:
1136:
1127:
1118:
1094:
1093:
1063:Anekantavada
1061:
1059:
1049:
1047:
1025:
1020:
1016:
1000:
994:
984:
980:Prabhācandra
973:
963:
944:
908:
880:
870:
866:
860:
855:
851:
828:law theorist
796:
795:
728:Jain symbols
612:
605:
598:
591:
584:
577:
570:
563:
556:
549:
467:
428:Jai Jinendra
401:Jain prayers
375:
341:
289:Kevala Jnana
259:Anekantavada
113:
89:
51:
18:
5137:1172 deaths
5079:Modern yoga
5010:Kapalabhati
4960:Mula Bandha
4950:Maha Bandha
4867:Durvasasana
4817:Vrikshasana
4802:Mandukasana
4732:Dhanurasana
4619:Shirshasana
4608:Yogashastra
4598:c. 11th C.
4581:c. 10th C.
4573:Kukkutasana
4488:Gomukhasana
4398:Subtle body
4126:Rashtrakuta
4043:Jainism and
3942:Maharashtra
3900:Bundelkhand
3787:Paul Dundas
3660:Kalpa Sūtra
3655:Aptamimamsa
3540:Monasticism
3471:Murtipujaka
3453:Kanji Panth
3433:Taran Panth
3416:Mula Sangha
3270:Siddhashila
3203:Tirthankara
3130:Vallabhsuri
3080:Mahashraman
3070:Jambuvijaya
3009:Yashovijaya
2994:Hemachandra
2907:Tapa Gaccha
2843:Tarun Sagar
2828:Pranamsagar
2823:Pramansagar
2818:Pragyasagar
2813:Kshamasagar
2769:Deshbhushan
2764:Shantisagar
2743:Taran Svami
2728:Yativṛṣabha
2678:Nemichandra
2632:Pushpadanta
2601:Kanji Panth
2581:Taran Panth
2564:Mula Sangha
2065:14 November
1582:, (1089–??)
1542:(prayers).
1522:Other works
1448:Mathematics
1274:(virtually
1258:in Sanskrit
1199:, texts on
1139:Jain temple
1128:Hemachandra
840:rhetorician
816:philosopher
797:Hemachandra
738:Topics list
663:Pilgrimages
614:Valayapathi
513:Major sects
500:Yashovijaya
304:Brahmacarya
110: 1173
86: 1088
35:Hemachandra
5126:Categories
4992:Shatkarmas
4872:Garudasana
4807:Matsyasana
4797:Makarasana
4742:Utkatasana
4590:Mayurasana
4564:c. 7th C.
4503:Siddhasana
4465:meditation
4390:Hatha yoga
4305:Literature
4194:Samvatsari
3959:Tamil Nadu
3884:Jainism in
3703:Nandavarta
3650:Samayasāra
3602:Literature
3570:Kshamavani
3565:Paryushana
3528:Meditation
3523:Sallekhana
3463:Śvetāmbara
3384:Ratnatraya
3304:Gunasthana
3223:Philosophy
3075:Mahāprajña
3044:Udayaratna
3029:Hiravijaya
3019:Jinaharsha
2984:Haribhadra
2963:Siddhasena
2953:Jinabhadra
2943:Bhadrabahu
2885:Śvetāmbara
2838:Sudhasagar
2833:Pulaksagar
2808:Guptisagar
2779:Guptinandi
2774:Vidyasagar
2738:Vidyananda
2668:Gunabhadra
2622:Kundakunda
2528:Bhadrabahu
2417:Yogaśāstra
2265:Gazetteers
1706:7 February
1612:References
1591:Jain World
1292:Apabhraṃśa
1280:Shauraseni
1237:Śvetāmbara
1233:Yogaśāstra
1225:Yogasastra
1164:sallekhana
1054:Kumarapala
1017:Aṣṭādhyāyī
955:mendicants
951:Anhilavada
916:Śvētāmbara
877:Early life
863:Śvētāmbara
824:grammarian
806: – c.
650:Samvatsari
645:Paryushana
528:Śvetāmbara
495:Haribhadra
485:Siddhasena
480:Kundakunda
388:Sallekhana
314:Gunasthana
309:Aparigraha
251:Philosophy
171:Somchandra
168:Initiation
149:Śvētāmbara
79:Changadeva
5048:Bhastrika
5035:Pranayama
4945:Mahamudra
4887:Pashasana
4812:Vajrasana
4630:Amaraugha
4614:Muktasana
4556:Kurmasana
4551:Dandasana
4518:Sukhasana
4508:Simhasana
4498:Padmasana
4493:Muktasana
4223:Sculpture
4159:Ekendriya
4020:Singapore
4005:Hong Kong
3985:Australia
3954:Rajasthan
3925:Karnataka
3837:Community
3822:Bal Patil
3777:Chandabai
3746:Pattavali
3698:Shrivatsa
3683:Jain flag
3560:Festivals
3516:Practices
3504:Terapanth
3491:Tristutik
3481:Kharatara
3443:Terapanth
3438:Bispanthi
3408:Digambara
3231:Five Vows
3208:Ganadhara
3085:Prem Suri
3034:Manatunga
3024:Anandghan
2968:Vimalsuri
2789:Aryanandi
2784:Gyansagar
2723:Aparajita
2713:Kumudendu
2703:Manatunga
2673:Pujyapada
2642:Vattakera
2637:Bhutabali
2617:Dharasena
2586:Bispanthi
2511:Ganadhara
2506:Pattavali
2392:Bengaluru
1831:The Jains
1617:Citations
1538:(logic),
1470:Fibonacci
1345:epic poem
1317:Arhanniti
1296:Rajasthan
1132:Kumarpala
1090:but said:
959:Chaturmas
924:Rajasthan
899:Jain monk
891:Vaishnava
883:Dhandhuka
867:Arhanniti
848:prosodist
832:historian
810:) Indian
723:Jain flag
713:Ekendriya
688:Shikharji
628:Festivals
523:Digambara
475:Ganadhara
264:Cosmology
137:Parent(s)
114:see notes
96:Dhandhuka
90:see notes
5202:Jain law
5058:Kumbhaka
5053:Bhramari
4882:Navasana
4877:Halasana
4848:19th C.
4825:18th C.
4787:Kakasana
4777:Bakasana
4750:17th C.
4718:15th C.
4693:Yogabīja
4672:14th C.
4637:13th C.
4627:12th C.
4528:Virasana
4463:Ancient
4426:Sushumna
4315:Scholars
4293:Navboxes
4152:Timeline
4101:Ikshvaku
4086:Chalukya
4055:Hinduism
4050:Buddhism
4015:Pakistan
3973:Overseas
3760:Scholars
3741:Kshullak
3724:Ascetics
3715:Swastika
3533:Sāmāyika
3448:Yapaniya
3399:Branches
3125:Nemisuri
2977:Medieval
2887:ascetics
2872:Gyanmati
2850:Kshullak
2718:Harisena
2708:Ravisena
2698:Akalanka
2693:Jayasena
2688:Jinasena
2683:Virasena
2651:Medieval
2596:Yapaniya
2556:Branches
2533:Umaswati
2439:Archived
2359:(2016),
2227:cite web
1994:(2003).
1546:See also
1378:Draupadi
1311:Politics
1268:Sanskrit
1197:lexicons
1181:Sanskrit
1177:grammars
904:Khambhat
844:logician
678:Palitana
463:Mahavira
453:Rishabha
383:Sāmāyika
234:Timeline
198:a series
196:Part of
174:Khambhat
127:Religion
70:Personal
5072:Related
5043:Anuloma
5025:Trataka
4325:America
4320:Temples
4169:Pratima
4147:History
4140:Related
4131:Santara
4111:Kalinga
4106:Kadamba
4096:Hoysala
4065:Sikhism
3990:Belgium
3920:Haryana
3915:Gujarat
3845:Śrāvaka
3751:Acharya
3675:Symbols
3629:Mantra
3582:Upadhan
3555:Rituals
3550:Fasting
3389:Kashaya
3379:Saṃsāra
3358:Nirjara
3353:Samvara
3324:Pudgala
3213:Arihant
2921:Ancient
2894:Gacchas
2759:Acharya
2610:Ancient
2384:Mathura
2349:4413150
2304:Sources
1603:As per
1596:As per
1585:As per
1578:As per
1442:prosody
1432:Prosody
1410:lexicon
1288:Paiśācī
1272:Prakrit
1246:Grammar
1240:Jainism
1201:science
1193:prosody
1185:Prakrit
1143:Taranga
1072:Somnath
1009:Kashmir
914:of the
912:acharya
887:Gujarat
718:Temples
469:Arihant
319:Saṃsāra
229:History
206:Jainism
131:Jainism
32:Acharya
5063:Ujjayi
5000:Dhauti
4937:Mudras
4467:seats
4455:Asanas
4416:Chakra
4330:Bengal
4238:Nigoda
4213:Temple
4179:Tirtha
4121:Pandya
4116:Maurya
4000:Europe
3995:Canada
3980:Africa
3947:Mumbai
3937:Kerala
3736:Aryika
3476:Gaccha
3348:Bandha
3343:Asrava
3338:Tattva
3329:Dharma
3309:Dravya
3297:Causes
3275:Naraka
3236:Ahimsa
3053:Modern
2867:Aryika
2752:Modern
2373:
2347:
2327:
2289:
2249:
2179:
2145:
2102:
2020:
1898:
1838:
1788:
1758:
1731:
1640:
1580:Dundas
1412:while
1323:Poetry
1284:Magahi
1189:poetry
1105:Vishnu
1101:Brahma
1088:lingam
1068:Shaiva
1013:Pāṇini
920:Nagaur
846:, and
683:Girnar
635:Diwali
458:Pārśva
332:Ethics
299:Tattva
294:Dravya
279:Dharma
269:Ahimsa
5015:Nauli
5005:Basti
4921:1943
4913:1905
4910:Late
4451:Texts
4433:Prana
4257:Lists
4218:Stupa
4091:Ganga
4060:Islam
4010:Japan
3930:North
3905:Delhi
3892:India
3873:JAINA
3855:Tamil
3850:Sarak
3610:Agama
3587:Tapas
3374:Death
3365:Mokṣa
3319:Ajiva
3292:Types
3287:Karma
3115:Tulsi
2211:(PDF)
2204:(PDF)
1947:6 May
1587:Datta
1558:Notes
1205:logic
1171:Works
1157:Death
1109:Shiva
1084:Shiva
991:Bhoja
987:Malwa
949:from
706:Other
668:Tirth
284:Mokṣa
274:Karma
239:Index
224:Jains
5096:Yoga
5084:Nath
5020:Neti
4421:Nadi
4300:Gods
3486:Tapa
3314:Jīva
3195:Gods
2803:Muni
2371:ISBN
2345:OCLC
2325:ISBN
2287:ISBN
2247:ISBN
2233:link
2219:2019
2177:ISBN
2143:ISBN
2100:ISBN
2067:2021
2018:ISBN
1949:2008
1896:ISBN
1836:ISBN
1786:ISBN
1756:ISBN
1729:ISBN
1708:2022
1683:help
1664:: 5.
1638:ISBN
1589:and
1511:He (
1492:) =
1393:and
1262:The
1203:and
1183:and
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895:Jain
820:yogi
812:Jain
182:Post
145:Sect
103:Died
75:Born
38:Suri
4233:Law
4228:Art
3910:Goa
2408:or
2188:...
1420:or
1368:or
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