666:. As they stripped the city of its wealth it is probable that torture was used on the residents to uncover hidden caches of money and jewels. Zahedieh records that there were no first-hand reports from witnesses that confirmed Exquemelin's claim of widespread rape and debauchery. After an attempt by Don AgustĂn to recapture the city by force – his army of 800 soldiers was repelled by the privateers – he negotiated a ransom of 100,000 pesos. Following the ransom and the plunder of the city, Morgan returned to Port Royal, with between ÂŁ70,000 and ÂŁ100,000 of money and valuables; Zahedieh reports that the figures were more than the agricultural output of Jamaica, and nearly half Barbados's sugar exports. Each privateer received ÂŁ120 – equivalent to five or six times the average annual earnings of a sailor of the time. Morgan received a five per cent share for his work; Modyford received a ten per cent share, which was the price of Morgan's letter of marque. As Morgan had overstepped the limits of his commission, Modyford reported back to London that he had "reproved" him for his actions although, Zahedieh observes, in Britain "Morgan was widely viewed as a national hero and neither he nor Modyford were rebuked for their actions".
928:, arrived at Old Panama City on 27 January 1671; they camped overnight before attacking the following day. They were opposed by approximately 1,200 Spanish infantry and 400 cavalry; most were inexperienced. Morgan sent a 300-strong party of men down a ravine that led to the foot of a small hill on the Spanish right flank. As they disappeared from view, the Spanish front line thought the privateers were retreating, and the left wing broke rank and chased, followed by the remainder of the defending infantry. They were met with well-organised firing from Morgan's main force of troops. When the party came into view at the end of the ravine, they were charged by the Spanish cavalry, but organised fire destroyed the cavalry and the party attacked the flank of the main Spanish force. In an effort to disorganise Morgan's forces, the governor of Panama released two herds of oxen and bulls onto the battlefield; scared by the noise of the gunfire, they turned and stampeded over their keepers and some of the remaining Spanish troops. The battle was a rout: the Spanish lost between 400 and 500 men, against 15 privateers killed.
1085:. Criticism of Morgan's governance was also fomented in London by two former governors of Jamaica, Carbery and Lynch. After Lynch paid ÂŁ50,000 to Charles II, Morgan's commissions as lieutenant-governor and lieutenant-general were revoked and Lynch was appointed as the island's governor; Morgan still retained his position on the Assembly of Jamaica. Morgan had been a heavy drinker for several years; he felt his reputation tarnished and received the news of the revocation of his positions badly, increasing his intake of alcohol to the point where his health began to suffer. Lynch removed Morgan's supporters from the Assembly of Jamaica by 1683, and in October that year he removed Morgan and his brother-in-law, leaving the assembly packed with men loyal to him. In 1684 Lynch died, and was temporarily replaced as governor by his friend, the lieutenant-general,
835:, tried to move away from the burning vessel, but a problem with the rigging meant they drifted aimlessly; privateers boarded the ship, fixed the rigging and claimed the craft as plunder. The third Spanish vessel was also sunk by the privateers. Morgan still needed to pass the San Carlos de la Barra Fortress, but was still out-gunned by the stronghold, which had the ability to destroy the privateer fleet if it tried to pass. The privateer decided to negotiate, and threatened to sack and burn Maracaibo if he was not allowed to pass. Although Espinosa refused to negotiate, the citizens of Maracaibo entered into talks with Morgan, and agreed to pay him 20,000 pesos and 500 head of cattle if he agreed to leave the city intact. During the course of the negotiations with the Maracaibos, Morgan had undertaken salvage operations on
563:
602:
1033:
812:
792:
Alonso del Campo y
Espinosa, had 126 cannon with which to attack Morgan, and had re-armed San Carlos de la Barra Fortress. The Spaniards had orders to end piracy in the Caribbean, and negotiations between Morgan and Espinosa continued for a week. The final offer put by the Spanish commander was for Morgan to leave all their spoils and slaves and to return to Jamaica unmolested, but no agreement was reached that would allow Morgan and his men to pass the fleet with their spoils but without attack. Morgan put the Spaniards' offers to his men, who voted instead to fight their way out. As they were heavily outgunned, one privateer suggested that a
788:
tortured to find where money or treasure had been hidden. Satisfied he had stolen all he could, he sailed south across Lake
Maracaibo, to Gibraltar. The town's occupants refused to surrender, and the fort fired enough of a barrage to ensure Morgan kept his distance. He anchored a short distance away and his men landed by canoe and assaulted the town from the landward approach. He met scant resistance, as many of the occupants had fled into the surrounding jungle. He spent five weeks in Gibraltar, and there was again evidence that torture was used to force residents to reveal hidden money and valuables.
1282:
are reliable reports that it was carried out in Panama. The historian
Patrick Pringle observes that while torture seems cruel and ruthless to contemporary eyes, it was an accepted part of judicial interrogation in many European countries at the time. Morgan always fought with a commission from the governor of Jamaica. In doing so, he was acting as a reserve naval force for the English government in the defence of Jamaica. As the Spanish did not recognise privateering as a legal activity, even if a captain carried letters of marque, they considered Morgan to be a pirate, something he firmly rejected.
869:
890:, ordered attacks on English shipping in the Caribbean. The first action took place in March 1670 when Spanish privateers attacked English trade ships. In response Modyford commissioned Morgan "to do and perform all manner of exploits, which may tend to the preservation and quiet of this island". By December Morgan was sailing toward the Spanish Main with a fleet of over 30 English and French ships carrying a large number of privateers. Zahedieh observes that the army of privateers was the largest that had gathered in the Caribbean at the time, which was "a mark of Morgan's renown".
932:
1243:
917:, on the Pacific coast. Much of the journey was on foot, through dense rainforests and swamps. The governor of Panama had been forewarned of a potential attack, and had sent Spanish troops to attack Morgan and his men along the route. The privateers transferred to canoes to complete part of the journey, but were still able to beat off the ambushes with ease. After three days, with the river difficult to navigate in places, and with the jungle thinning out, Morgan landed his men and travelled overland across the remaining part of the
957:
598:, who sailed with Morgan, "It caused a general resentment and grief, to see such a small booty". When Morgan reported the taking of Puerto Principe to Modyford, he informed the governor that they had evidence that the Spanish were planning an attack on British territory: "we found seventy men had been pressed to go against Jamaica ... and considerable forces were expected from Vera Cruz and Campeachy ... and from Porto Bello and Cartagena to rendezvous at St Jago of Cuba ".
774:
590:
remit and raided a city, any resultant plunder would be retained by the privateers. RogoziĹ„ski observes that "attacks on cities were illegal piracy – but extremely profitable", although
Zahedieh records that if Morgan was able to provide evidence of a potential Spanish attack, the attacks on cities were justifiable under the terms of his commission. Morgan's initial plan was to attack Havana, but, on discovering it was heavily defended, changed the target to
1286:
1093:
7826:
7838:
655:
635:, and on one of the main routes of trade between the Spanish territories and Spain. Because of the value of the goods passing through its port, Porto Bello was protected by two castles in the harbour and another in the town. The 200 French privateers, unhappy with the division of the treasure and the murder of their countryman, left Morgan's service and returned to Tortuga. Morgan and his ships briefly landed at Port Royal before leaving for Porto Bello.
5419:
681:
451:
47:
6720:
5408:
1258:
portrayed him as a cruel and unscrupulous villain", which subsequently affected historians' view of Morgan. Allen observes that, partly because of
Exquemelin, Morgan has not been well-served by historians. He cites the examples of the historians whose biographies were so flawed they wrote that Morgan had died in either London, prison or the Tower of London. These included Charles Leslie,
843:
evening, with
Spanish forces deployed to repel a landing, Morgan's fleet raised anchor without unfurling their sails; the fleet moved on the tide, raising sail only when it had moved level with the fortress, and Morgan and his men made their way back to Port Royal unscathed. Zahedieh considers the escape showed Morgan's "characteristic cunning and audacity".
991:, ordered Morgan's arrest despite his unfailing loyalty to the English crown. In April 1672 the privateer admiral was returned to London where, Barbour writes, he was "handsomely lionized ... as the hero on whom Drake's mantle had fallen". Although some sources state that Morgan was incarcerated in the
754:, 20 miles (32 km) outside the city, on the approach. Talty states that the fortress was placed in an excellent position to defend the town, but that the Spanish had undermanned it, leaving only nine men to load and fire the fortress's 11 guns. Under covering cannon fire from the privateer's flagship,
948:
Exquemelin's memoirs, that Morgan left with the majority of the plunder. He arrived back in Port Royal on 12 March to a positive welcome from the town's inhabitants. The following month he made his official report to the governing
Council of Jamaica, and received their formal thanks and congratulations.
940:
stone buildings remained standing afterwards. Much of Panama's wealth was destroyed in the conflagration, although some had been removed by ships, before the privateers arrived. The privateers spent three weeks in Panama and plundered what they could from the ruins. Morgan's second-in-command, Captain
1557:
and Joe Bonni, pirates are defined as "bandits, or sailors who seize property and/or people by force"; privateers are defined as those "who operate with a legal license from a state government to attack enemy ships and ports during wartime, keeping a contracted share of seized goods". Dawdy and Bonni
1447:
a man of courage, determination, bravery, and ... charisma. He was a planner, a brilliant military strategist and intensely loyal to the king, to
England and to Jamaica. ... But unlike so many of the Brethren, he was flexible and adaptable, able to see that the future for Jamaica lay not in
1210:
In his will, signed on 17 June 1688, Morgan left his
Jamaican property to his godsons Charles Byndloss and Henry Archbold, on condition they adopted the surname of Morgan. These were the children of his two cousins Anna Petronilla Byndloss and Johanna Archbold. To his sister Catherine Loyd he awarded
1060:
In July 1676 Carbery called for a hearing against Morgan in front of the
Assembly of Jamaica, accusing him of collaborating with the French to attack Spanish interests. Morgan admitted he had met the French officials, but indicated that this was diplomatic relations, rather than anything duplicitous.
642:
Exquemelin wrote that in order to take the third castle, Morgan ordered the construction of ladders wide enough for three men to climb abreast; when they were completed he "commanded all the religious men and women whom he had taken prisoners to fix them against the walls of the castle ... these
638:
On 11 July 1668 Morgan anchored short of Porto Bello and transferred his men to 23 canoes, which they paddled to within three miles (4.8 km) of the target. They landed and approached the first castle from the landward side, where they arrived half an hour before dawn. They took the three castles
589:
Morgan's letter of marque gave him permission to attack Spanish ships at sea; there was no permission for attacks on land. Any plunder obtained from the attacks would be split between the government and the owners of the ships rented by the privateers. If the privateers stepped outside their official
434:, where he was sold as a servant. In the 17th century the Caribbean offered an opportunity for young men to become rich quickly, although significant investment was needed to obtain high returns from the sugar export economy. Other opportunities for financial gain were through trade or plunder of the
577:
and Spain were worsening, and rumours began to circulate in Jamaica about a possible Spanish invasion. Modyford authorised privateers to take action against the Spanish, and issued a letter of marque to Morgan "to draw together the English privateers and take prisoners of the Spanish nation, whereby
429:
to a maker of cutlery for three years in exchange for the cost of his emigration. Richard Browne, who served as surgeon under Morgan in 1670 stated that Morgan had travelled either as a "private gentleman" soon after the 1655 capture of Jamaica by the English, or he may have been abducted in Bristol
1281:
Exquemelin wrote that Morgan's men undertook widespread torture in several of the towns they captured. According to Stephen Snelders, in his history of piracy, the Spanish reports of Morgan's raids do not refer to torture being practiced on the residents of Porto Bello or Gibraltar – although there
1167:
large numbers of Africans. He left most of his estate to his wife for her lifetime. On her death, most of his land and slaves were passed to his nephew Charles, second son of Robert Byndloss, who served as Chief Justice of Jamaica in 1681. Morgan also left a parcel of land in the now-defunct parish
982:
The destruction of Panama so soon after the signing of the treaty led to what Allen describes as "a crisis in international affairs" between England and Spain. The English government heard rumours from their ambassadors in Europe that the Spanish were considering war. In an attempt to appease them,
939:
Panama's governor had sworn to burn down the city if his troops lost to the privateers, and he had placed barrels of gunpowder around the largely wooden buildings. These were detonated by the captain of artillery after Morgan's victory; the resultant fires lasted until the following day. Only a few
612:
After the action, one of the English privateers quarrelled with one of his French shipmates and stabbed him in the back, killing him. Before a riot between the French and English sailors could begin, Morgan arrested the English sailor, and promised the French sailors that the man would be hanged on
842:
Morgan observed that Espinosa had set his cannon for a landward attack from the privateers – as they had done previously. The privateers faked a landing of their forces. The fort and its battlements were stripped of men as the Spanish prepared for a night assault from the English forces. That
803:
To this end, a crew of 12 prepared a ship that had been seized in Gibraltar. They disguised vertical logs of wood with headwear, to make the Spaniards believe that the vessel was fully crewed. To make it look more heavily armed, additional portholes were cut in the hull and logs placed to resemble
1686:
The size of Morgan's force differs between sources. Breverton states that Morgan commanded a fleet of 36 English and French ships carrying more than 1,800 privateers; Pope gives the figures of 36 ships and 1,846 men; Thomas writes that it was 37 ships with "2,000 fighting men, beside mariners and
1138:
lean, sallow-coloured, his eyes a little yellowish and belly jutting out or prominent ... He complained to me of want of appetite for victuals, he had a kicking ... to vomit every morning and generally a small looseness attending him, and withal is much given to drinking and sitting up
1044:
voted Morgan an annual salary of ÂŁ600 "for his good services to the country"; the move angered Carbery, who did not get on with Morgan. Carbery later complained of his deputy that he was "every day more convinced of ... imprudence and unfitness to have anything to do with civil government".
520:
Hostilities between the English and Dutch in 1664 led to a change in government policy: colonial governors were now authorised to issue letters of marque against the Dutch. Many of the privateers, including Morgan, did not take up the letters, although an expedition to conquer the Dutch island of
791:
Four days after he left Maracaibo, Morgan returned. He was told that a Spanish defence squadron, the Armada de Barlovento, was waiting for him at the narrow passage between the Caribbean and Lake Maracaibo, where the San Carlos de la Barra Fortress was sited. The forces, under the command of Don
490:
in February 1664 with instructions to limit the activities of the privateers; he made a proclamation against their activities on 11 June 1664, but economic practicalities led to his reversing the policy by the end of the month. About 1,500 privateers used Jamaica as a base for their activity and
1048:
Although Morgan had been ordered to eradicate piracy from Jamaican waters, he continued his friendly relations with many privateer captains, and invested in some of their ships. Zahedieh estimates that there were 1,200 privateers operating in the Caribbean at the time, and Port Royal was their
787:
Morgan arrived at Maracaibo to find the city largely deserted, its residents having been forewarned of his approach by the fortress's troops. He spent three weeks sacking the city. Privateers searched the surrounding jungle to find the escapees; they, and some of the remaining occupants, were
1257:
Rogoziński observes that Morgan is probably the "best-known pirate" because of Exquemelin's book, although, Cordingly writes that Exquemelin bore a grudge over what he saw was Morgan's theft of the bounty from Panama. His experience explains "why he painted such a black picture of Morgan and
947:
The value of treasure Morgan collected during his expedition is disputed. Talty writes that the figures range from 140,000 to 400,000 pesos, and that owing to the large army Morgan assembled, the prize-per-man was relatively low, causing discontent. There were accusations, particularly in
839:, and secured 15,000 pesos from the wreck. Before taking any action, Morgan tallied his takings and divided it equally between his ships, to ensure that it was not all lost if one ship was sunk; it totalled 250,000 pesos, and a huge quantity of merchandise and a number of local slaves.
1118:
he stated that he had "against evil deeds, piracies and robberies the greatest abhorrence and distrust", and that "for the kind of men called buccaneers", he "always had and still has hatred". The court found in his favour and the book was retracted; damages of ÂŁ200 were paid to him.
998:
Morgan probably remained at liberty throughout his time in London, and the political mood changed in his favour. Arlington asked him to write a memorandum for the King on improving Jamaica's defences. Although Morgan was never charged with an offence, he gave informal evidence to the
643:
were forced, at the head of the companies to raise and apply them to the walls ... Thus many of the religious men and nuns were killed". Terry Breverton, in his biography of Morgan, writes that when a translation of Exquemelin's book was published in England, Morgan sued for
1731:
Thomas opines that while Morgan drank to excess, "the drinking was not that of a sad man or a man that drank to forget; it was because he was a larger than life character who spent many of his evenings smoking and drinking, exchanging stories of wild adventures with his
578:
he might inform of the intention of that enemy to attack Jamaica, of which I have frequent and strong advice". He was given the rank of admiral and, in January 1668, assembled 10 ships and 500 men for the task; he was subsequently joined by 2 more ships and 200 men from
1019:
to Henry, a common practice in an age of English dominance. Two months later, Morgan and Carbery left for Jamaica. They were accompanied by Modyford, released from the Tower of London without charge and made the Chief Justice of Jamaica. They travelled on board the
1175:, to his friend, Roger Elletson, ancestor of a future governor of Jamaica with the same name. Morgan's will was probated in 1689, and at his death he owned title to 131 Africans as slaves on his estates, 64 men and 67 women, including 33 children, valued at ÂŁ1,923.
1076:
in 1678 and 1680 – both during his periods as temporary governor of the island – because of the threat of invasion, re-built the fortifications surrounding the town, and increased the number of cannon from 60 to more than 100 in the five years up to 1680.
850:, and English foreign policy had changed accordingly. Modyford admonished Morgan for his action, which had gone beyond his commission, and revoked the letters of marque; no official action was taken against any of the privateers. Morgan invested a share of his
540:, the main city, either after he decided that it was too well defended or that there was insufficient plunder. Alternatively, Jan Rogoziński and Stephan Talty, in their histories of Morgan and piracy, record that during the year, Morgan oversaw the Port Royal
1202:
His will initially left his plantations and slaves to his wife, Mary Elizabeth, but because they were childless, on her death his estate was to pass to his nephews, the children of his brother-in-law Byndloss. The burial of Lady Morgan was recorded in
1080:
Morgan and his allies on the Assembly of Jamaica made earnest efforts to deal with privateers and pirates. However, he was soon undermined by his secretary Rowland Powell, who forged his name to an illegal proclamation establishing the monopoly of the
1302:
Rogoziński observes that Morgan does not appear in later fictional works as much as other pirates because of his "ambiguous mixture of charismatic leadership and selfish treachery", although his name and persona have featured in literature, including
639:
and the town quickly. The privateers lost 18 men, with a further 32 wounded; Zahedieh considers the action at Porto Bello displayed a "clever cunning and expert timing which marked ... brilliance as a military commander".
717:, which had been sent to Port Royal to aid in any defence of Jamaica. Modyford sent the vessel to Morgan, who made it his flagship. On 2 January 1669 Morgan called a council of war for all his captains, which took place on
1024:, which held cannon and shot meant to boost Port Royal's defences. The ship foundered on the rocks of ĂŽle-Ă -Vache and Morgan and the crew were temporarily stranded on the island until picked up by a passing merchant ship.
466:
attacking Spanish cities and settlements in the Caribbean and Central America when England was at war with Spain. It is likely that in 1663 Morgan captained one of the ships in Myngs' fleet, and took part in the attack on
495:
which gave him a licence to attack and seize vessels, normally of a specified country, or with conditions attached. A portion of all spoils obtained by the privateers was given to the sovereign or the issuing ambassador.
1126:. He dismissed Molesworth and gave Morgan an unofficial role as advisor. In July 1688 Albemarle persuaded the king to allow Morgan to regain a position on the Assembly, but the former privateer was too ill to attend.
392:, observes that attempts to identify his parents and antecedents "have all proved unsatisfactory", although his will referred to distant relations. Several sources state Morgan's father was Robert Morgan, a farmer.
513:] place for an attack on the Spanish Indies". Morgan's activities over the following two years are not documented, but in early 1666 he was married in Port Royal to his cousin, Mary Morgan, the daughter of
725:
destroyed the ship and over 200 of its crew. Morgan and the captains seated on one side of the table were blown into the water and survived; the four captains on the other side of the table were all killed.
749:
in modern-day Venezuela. The French captain knew the approaches to the lagoon, through a narrow and shallow channel. Since l'Olonnais and the French captain had visited Maracaibo, the Spanish had built the
1423:
believes that pirates and privateers were generally shrewd businessmen, far removed from the modern, romanticised view of them as murderous brigands. The anthropologist Anne M. Galvin and the historian
491:
brought much revenue to the island. As the planting community of 5,000 was still new and developing, the revenue from the privateers was needed to avoid economic collapse. A privateer was granted a
360:
suit against the book's English publishers, but Exquemelin's portrayal has negatively shifted the public's, and history's, view of Morgan as a scoundrel. His life was further romanticised after his
758:, Morgan and his men landed on the beach and stormed the fortification; they found it empty when they eventually breached its defences. A search soon found that the Spanish had left a slow-burning
1049:
preferred destination. These had a welcome in the city if Morgan received the dues owed to him. As Morgan was no longer able to issue letters of marque to privateer captains, his brother-in-law,
1195:, and laid Morgan's body at King's House for the public to pay respects. An amnesty was declared so that pirates and privateers could pay their respects without fear of arrest. He was buried at
1003:
that he had no knowledge of the Treaty of Madrid prior to his attack on Panama. Unhappy with Lynch's conduct in Jamaica, the King and his advisers decided in January 1674 to replace him with
1404:, the multinational drinks company based in London. The name of Morgan has been attached to local sites in the Caribbean, such as Morgan's Bridge, Morgan's Pass and Morgan's Valley in
1228:
immediately after the main shock. Palisadoes cemetery, including Morgan's grave, was one of the parts of the city to fall into the sea; his body has never been subsequently located.
944:, supervised the torture of some of the city's residents; Morgan's fleet surgeon, Richard Browne, later wrote that at Panama, Morgan "was noble enough to the vanquished enemy".
1558:
define buccaneers as "originally castaway colonists (usually French or English) on Hispanio (from French) who survived by hunting or raising livestock", although the historian
971:. The pact aimed to establish peace in the Caribbean between the two countries; it included an agreement to revoke all letters of marque and similar commissions. The historian
4045:
The Buccaneers of America: A True Account of the Most Remarkable Assaults Committed of Late Years Upon the Coasts of the West Indies by the Buccaneers of Jamaica and Tortuga
975:
considers it probable that one of the Spanish conditions was the removal of Modyford from the Governorship. Modyford was arrested and sent to England by his replacement Sir
4916:
Galvin, Anne M. (Summer 2012). "Caribbean Piracies/Social Mobilities: Some Commonalities Between Colonial Privateers and Entrepreneurial 'Profiteers' in the 21st Century".
1323:(1929), both of which are based in large part on Morgan's career. Morgan and stories of a hidden haul of treasure also feature to a lesser extent in other works, including
733:
meant Morgan's flotilla was too small to attempt an attack on Cartagena. Instead he was persuaded by a French captain under his command to repeat the actions of the pirate
1199:
cemetery, Port Royal, followed by a 22-gun salute from the ships moored in the harbour. Morgan was a wealthy man when he died. His personal wealth was valued at ÂŁ5,263.
402:, states that details of Morgan's early life and career are uncertain, although in later life he stated that he had left school early and was "much more used to the
1432:; Galvin wrote that Morgan pursued "social mobility through self-interested acts of outlawry, political wiles, and business acumen". Glenn Blalock, writing for the
507:
with a large cargo of valuables. Modyford was impressed enough with the spoils to report back to the government that "Central America was the properest [
6782:
6772:
1134:; he also saw Morgan was drinking to excess and ordered him to reduce his alcohol intake, a directive which Morgan ignored. Sloane described his patient as
662:
Morgan and his men remained in Porto Bello for a month. He wrote to Don AgustĂn, the acting president of Panama, to demand a ransom for the city of 350,000
4801:
4761:
4589:
4455:
5156:
1160:, where they were able to stay out of his reach. However, Morgan failed in his attempts to capture de Serras and subdue his community of runaway slaves.
1114:). Morgan took steps to discredit the book and successfully brought a libel suit against the book's publishers William Crooke and Thomas Malthus. In his
831:
was shortly aflame; Espinosa abandoned his flagship and made his way to the fort, where he continued to direct events. The second-largest Spanish ship,
528:
Sources differ about Morgan's activities in 1666. H. R. Allen, in his biography of Morgan, considers the privateer was the second-in-command to Captain
594:(now CamagĂĽey), a town 50 miles (80 km) inland. Morgan and his men took the town, but the treasure obtained was less than hoped for. According to
1668:
Some sources, including Breverton and Allen, state that there were only ten survivors from a crew of 350; Pope states that more than 250 were killed.
4298:
The Devil's Anarchy: The Sea Robberies of the Most Famous Pirate Claes G. Compaen, and The Very Remarkable Travels of Jan Erasmus Reyning, Buccaneer
557:
7019:
1448:
plunder or pillage but in peaceful trade. ... He was also an adept politician and held office longer than any of the governors of his time.
984:
344:; on three occasions, he acted as governor in the absence of the then-current post-holder. His reputation was marred by a scurrilous memoir by
7491:
6908:
5024:
1588:
548:
at Port Royal was partly constructed under his leadership. It was around this time that Morgan purchased his first plantation on Jamaica.
7922:
1072:
By the late 1670s France became an increasing threat in the Caribbean, and Morgan took control of the defence of Port Royal. He declared
7739:
1587:
was concerned about the Spanish attitude to the fledgling English territories in the Caribbean. He instructed the governor of Jamaica,
7932:
7122:
1436:, claims that Morgan was a hero to many Jamaicans and British both for his exploits as a buccaneer and for defending Jamaica for the
1381:
1375:
804:
cannons. Barrels of powder were placed in the ship and grappling irons laced into the ships rigging, to catch the ropes and sails of
517:, the island's Deputy Governor; the marriage gave Henry access to the upper levels of Jamaican society. The couple had no children.
7749:
1123:
675:
283:
4512:
3395:
3393:
3391:
1061:
In the summer of 1677 the Lords of Trade said they had yet to come to a decision on the matter and in early 1678 the king and the
562:
7238:
5149:
398:
3244:
3388:
1741:
Pringle identifies legal use of judicial torture in Scotland until 1708, in France until 1789 and the Spanish – as part of the
1468:
7917:
7324:
4344:
4325:
4306:
4285:
4264:
4245:
4219:
4197:
4176:
4157:
4136:
4114:
4093:
4074:
4053:
4029:
4008:
3968:
3947:
3923:
3904:
3885:
622:
601:
246:, or a licence, to attack and seize Spanish vessels. Morgan subsequently conducted successful and highly lucrative raids on
7947:
7650:
5690:
5104:
5094:
4561:
1066:
6563:
5793:
5588:
988:
863:
302:
7907:
6792:
6593:
5142:
196:
27:
4622:
4428:
4408:
1502:
Information on the year of Morgan's birth is unreliable; in a deposition sworn in November 1671 he gave his age as 36.
409:
It is unknown how Morgan made his way to the Caribbean. He may have travelled to the Caribbean as part of the army of
5707:
5453:
5073:
5063:
1580:
1237:
1004:
223:
5018:
1045:
Carbery also wrote to the Secretary of State to bemoan Morgan's "drinking and gaming at the taverns" of Port Royal.
770:
and then buried so they could not be used against the privateers when they returned from the rest of their mission.
313:; the Welshman was popularly celebrated as a hero, no less, and soon regained the favour of the government and King
7942:
7882:
7676:
7498:
6802:
6190:
5788:
5730:
878:
7780:
5752:
5735:
909:, which he garrisoned to protect his line of retreat. On 9 January 1671, with his remaining men, he ascended the
905:, the port from which ships were loaded with goods to transport back to Spain. Morgan took the town and occupied
898:
777:
751:
214:, or how the Welshman began his career as a privateer. He was probably a member of a group of raiders led by Sir
1792:
1122:
In December 1687 Lynch's permanent replacement arrived in Port George, Morgan's friend from his time in London,
7207:
7034:
7029:
7002:
6862:
6180:
5111:
5080:
5049:
4845:
3247:
Originally published by Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1898. June 13, Sir Henry Morgan to pp. 65–80.
1032:
176:
138:
6568:
3415:
7902:
7897:
7577:
7215:
7049:
7044:
6921:
6913:
6882:
6573:
6275:
4733:
1369:
1168:
of St George to another Robert Byndloss (born c. 1673) the eldest son of his brother-in-law Robert Byndloss.
389:
20:
811:
7887:
7463:
7344:
6538:
5714:
5677:
5478:
1204:
1041:
906:
902:
337:
333:
6937:
1440:. However, some Jamaicans see Morgan as a "criminal pirate" who sought to maintain the system of slavery.
7937:
7106:
6752:
6345:
5312:
4387:
418:
4361:
7952:
7912:
7790:
7179:
6993:
6747:
5853:
5747:
5488:
4724:
4487:
1626:
Rogoziński points out that the erroneous report of Morgan's presence on Mansvelt's expedition was from
1482:
1172:
847:
385:
1412:, Honduras, the Port Morgan resort located in Haiti and Captain Morgan's Retreat and Vacation Club on
7872:
7519:
7251:
7228:
6929:
6827:
6742:
6737:
6135:
5470:
4879:
4738:
1405:
1339:
1148:
By the 1670s and 1680s, Morgan, as owner of three large plantations, led three campaigns against the
6095:
5372:
967:
During Morgan's absence from Jamaica, news reached the island that England and Spain had signed the
827:
On 1 May 1669 Morgan and his flotilla attacked the Spanish squadron. The fire ship plan worked, and
734:
627:
After dividing the spoils of the conquest of Puerto del PrĂncipe, Morgan announced a plan to attack
7775:
7223:
7131:
7112:
7062:
6976:
6558:
5700:
5222:
4019:
1709:
The treaty was signed on 8 July 1670 and was published in the Caribbean in either May or July 1671.
1473:
1357:
1329:
1157:
514:
381:
203:
80:
7082:
1591:, to put military pressure on the Spaniards in order to retain the English presence in the region.
7800:
7785:
7682:
7139:
7072:
6822:
6797:
6757:
6654:
6360:
5685:
5282:
5126:
5042:
4552:
Folliott, Kathryn (30 October 2014). "Orlando tailors promotion to Canadians Picks of the Week".
1221:
976:
968:
941:
873:
706:, the richest and most important city on the Spanish Main. In December he was joined by a former
702:, a small island he used as a rendezvous point. His plan was to attack the Spanish settlement of
698:
Morgan did not stay long in Port Royal and in October 1668 sailed with ten ships and 800 men for
472:
442:, whereby individuals and ships were commissioned by government to attack the country's enemies.
306:
6205:
5950:
4277:
Pirates!: Brigands, Buccaneers, and Privateers in Fact, Fiction, and Legend: An A–Z Encyclopedia
1106:
In 1684 an account of Morgan's exploits was published by Exquemelin, in a Dutch volume entitled
7892:
7562:
7505:
7102:
7039:
6867:
6812:
6767:
6762:
6732:
6543:
5327:
5322:
4990:
1601:
545:
462:
It is probable that in the early 1660s Morgan was active with a group of privateers led by Sir
4681:
4659:
3399:
426:
7862:
7655:
7645:
7540:
7279:
6945:
6857:
6842:
6583:
6335:
6295:
6265:
6210:
6200:
6010:
5970:
5783:
5603:
5573:
5548:
5446:
5332:
5292:
5182:
4703:
4533:
1584:
1351:
1345:
1309:
1294:
1082:
960:
314:
4296:
4187:
4147:
4104:
4064:
4043:
3998:
3958:
7867:
7533:
7192:
6984:
6953:
6900:
6807:
6727:
6626:
6110:
5940:
5935:
5773:
5620:
5531:
5526:
5483:
4039:
1627:
1246:
868:
816:
742:
722:
688:
595:
500:
345:
275:
52:
6220:
6090:
1687:
boys"; while Zahedieh and Cordingly separately put the figures at 38 ships with 2,000 men.
476:
8:
7927:
7877:
7594:
7439:
7349:
7197:
6971:
6872:
6682:
5955:
5843:
5742:
5541:
5382:
4066:
Iberia and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History: a Multidisciplinary Encyclopedia
1742:
1614:
1065:
recalled Carbery from Jamaica, leaving Morgan as governor for three months. In July 1678
894:
703:
487:
231:
5930:
5848:
5818:
1408:, Morgan's Harbour Hotel and Beach Club in Kingston, the Hotel Henry Morgan, located in
1057:
to have a letter issued; Byndloss and Morgan received a commission for each one signed.
931:
767:
628:
606:
255:
7754:
7744:
7711:
7456:
7364:
7319:
7309:
7202:
7166:
7157:
7087:
7024:
6958:
6837:
6787:
6777:
6305:
6290:
6155:
6140:
6060:
6000:
5965:
5302:
5297:
5277:
5207:
4999:
4976:
4941:
4933:
4904:
4896:
4862:
4516:
4234:
3937:
3916:
The Maroons of Jamaica 1655–1796: a History of Resistance, Collaboration & Betrayal
1363:
1242:
1098:
887:
574:
235:
120:
6375:
5237:
872:
Morgan burning Panama City buildings, 1671 (c. 1736 engraving used to illustrate
7689:
7624:
7484:
7424:
7419:
7314:
7269:
7174:
7067:
7054:
7011:
6852:
6675:
6500:
6495:
6475:
6315:
6255:
6170:
6105:
5925:
5418:
5177:
4945:
4908:
4874:
4340:
4321:
4302:
4281:
4275:
4260:
4241:
4215:
4193:
4172:
4153:
4132:
4110:
4089:
4070:
4049:
4025:
4004:
3985:
3964:
3943:
3919:
3900:
3881:
1554:
1211:ÂŁ60 per annum from his estate "paid into the hands of my ever honest cozen [
1086:
918:
759:
463:
455:
329:
298:
215:
100:
356:
and other offences, including during the infamous raid on Panama City. Morgan won a
7805:
7604:
7526:
7512:
7399:
7379:
7274:
7117:
7077:
6895:
6877:
6832:
6689:
6661:
6619:
6465:
6450:
6415:
6400:
6380:
6365:
6300:
6270:
6230:
6115:
6080:
6065:
5650:
5558:
5439:
5272:
5212:
4966:
4925:
4888:
4854:
4806:
4766:
4660:
4594:
4460:
1477:
state that for 400 years, "Monmouthshire was considered administratively a part of
1225:
1149:
699:
492:
468:
243:
4825:
4785:
4728:
4613:
4479:
1156:. Morgan achieved some success against the Maroons, who withdrew further into the
7841:
7795:
7759:
7734:
7557:
7477:
7470:
7389:
7384:
7354:
7339:
7304:
7151:
7147:
7143:
7135:
6640:
6480:
6435:
6430:
6410:
6285:
6260:
6235:
5915:
5910:
5863:
5833:
5660:
5578:
5536:
5521:
5377:
5242:
4708:
4686:
4641:
3933:
3245:
Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies: Volume 11, 1681–1685.
1389:
1304:
1289:
1054:
1050:
1008:
992:
579:
529:
483:
414:
410:
321:
227:
6175:
4318:
Empire of Blue Water: Henry Morgan and the Pirates Who Ruled the Caribbean Waves
914:
846:
During his absence from Port Royal, a pro-Spanish faction had gained the ear of
631:(now in modern-day Panama). The city was the third largest and strongest on the
294:
7374:
6963:
6588:
6470:
6395:
6370:
6330:
6045:
6005:
5960:
5905:
5900:
5583:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5387:
5347:
5317:
5257:
5227:
5187:
4840:
4810:
4770:
4598:
4464:
4382:
1655:, the main currency used by the Spanish; English merchants and government used
1652:
1437:
1413:
1393:
1337:'s 1920 poem "Captain Stratton's Fancy". Screen renditions of his life include
1334:
1314:
1184:
1153:
1012:
1000:
972:
820:
746:
522:
435:
393:
349:
279:
154:
7369:
4971:
4954:
4795:
4755:
4583:
4449:
951:
183:, he and those under his command raided settlements and shipping ports on the
7856:
7830:
7614:
7334:
7329:
7289:
6598:
6553:
6533:
6505:
6390:
6340:
6320:
6240:
6085:
6040:
5995:
5890:
5813:
5778:
5630:
5422:
5392:
5267:
5262:
4236:
The Buccaneer King: The Biography of the Notorious Sir Henry Morgan 1635–1688
4207:
1755:
1659:. In the late 17th century the peso was worth between five and six shillings.
1533:
The Buccaneer King: The Biography of the Notorious Sir Henry Morgan 1635–1688
1429:
1192:
1062:
925:
910:
525:
led to the death of Morgan's father-in-law, who was leading a 600-man force.
403:
309:, and, to appease the Spanish, Morgan was arrested and summoned to London in
4988:
Patel, Samir S. (March–April 2013). "Pirates of the Original Panama Canal".
2577:
1677:
For his failure in his action, Espinosa was arrested and sent back to Spain.
773:
7694:
7619:
7409:
7359:
7299:
7294:
7284:
6890:
6817:
6696:
6647:
6633:
6548:
6510:
6485:
6440:
6425:
6405:
6325:
6225:
6215:
6165:
6160:
6150:
6120:
6035:
5895:
5803:
5695:
5610:
5563:
5397:
5362:
5342:
5337:
5287:
5197:
3989:
1420:
854:
in an 836-acre (338 ha) plantation – his second such investment.
648:
632:
305:, located on the Pacific coast. This event occurred after the signing of a
184:
169:
6355:
5134:
4929:
4892:
1400:, named after the privateer. In 2001 the Captain Morgan brand was sold to
1285:
1092:
613:
his return to Port Royal. Morgan kept his word and the sailor was hanged.
7609:
7584:
7572:
7434:
6420:
6350:
6145:
6125:
6075:
5990:
5980:
5757:
5307:
5252:
5217:
4229:
4124:
1697:
1634:, although there is no record of Morgan's being part of Mansvelt's group.
1559:
1528:
1324:
1319:
1271:
1224:. About two-thirds of the town, amounting to 33 acres (13 ha), sank into
1127:
1073:
956:
851:
422:
211:
188:
5003:
4980:
4937:
4900:
4339:(Kindle ed.). Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Pen & Sword Maritime.
1373:(1976). Morgan has also been featured in several video games, including
591:
566:
247:
7706:
7640:
7404:
7264:
7184:
7127:
6847:
6528:
6490:
6455:
6250:
6070:
6050:
6020:
6015:
5975:
5920:
5858:
5838:
5823:
5635:
5593:
5357:
5352:
5232:
5202:
5192:
4866:
3979:
3939:
Under the Black Flag: The Romance and Reality of Life Among the Pirates
1486:
1196:
1188:
1139:
late, which I supposed had been the cause of his present indisposition.
1016:
763:
707:
654:
537:
504:
377:
180:
72:
3494:
533:
7589:
6668:
6280:
6185:
6055:
6025:
5598:
5553:
5247:
3960:
World Cruising Routes: 1000 Sailing Routes in All Oceans of the World
3773:
1425:
1115:
793:
781:
738:
692:
684:
680:
439:
271:
267:
172:
4858:
4704:"Jamaica Gleaner: Pieces of the Past: Henry Morgan, The Pirate King"
1409:
766:
as a trap for the buccaneers, which Morgan extinguished. The fort's
450:
7567:
7414:
7394:
7259:
6245:
6195:
6100:
5985:
5568:
4021:
The Sack of Panamá: Captain Morgan and the Battle for the Caribbean
431:
4189:
Backstory: Interviews with Screenwriters of Hollywood's Golden Age
1774:
were adapted from the respective Sabatini novels of the same name.
532:. Mansvelt had been issued a letter of marque for the invasion of
202:
Much of Morgan's early life is unknown; he was born in an area of
51:
Welsh buccaneer Henry Morgan from Piratas de la America (1681) by
6703:
6310:
5645:
5625:
4149:
The Buccaneer's Realm: Pirate Life on the Spanish Main, 1674–1688
1490:
710:
541:
353:
207:
192:
76:
4877:; Bonni, Joe (June 2012). "Towards a General Theory of Piracy".
4000:
And a Bottle of Rum: A History of the New World in Ten Cocktails
1130:, Albemarle's private physician, inspected Morgan and diagnosed
1007:
with Morgan sent as his deputy. King Charles appointed Morgan a
7701:
7599:
6578:
6460:
5945:
5640:
5615:
5462:
5165:
3713:
1401:
365:
259:
109:
46:
6719:
5407:
3376:
1700:
six miles down the coast in a more easily defendable position.
1656:
1481:". Since the early 20th century it has been administered as a
7429:
6445:
6385:
5828:
5655:
3626:
3202:
2284:
2197:
1478:
1164:
1131:
644:
583:
357:
219:
3897:
Admiral Sir Henry Morgan: The Greatest Buccaneer of them all
3848:
3292:
2692:
2690:
2688:
1951:
1949:
1570:
have been interchangeable in English since the 17th century.
1540:
Admiral Sir Henry Morgan: The Greatest Buccaneer of them all
16:
Privateer and political office holder in Jamaica (1635–1688)
6030:
4843:(April 1911). "Privateers and Pirates of the West Indies".
3665:
3566:
3506:
3115:
3007:
2971:
2613:
2553:
2541:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1514:
Zahedieh, Nuala (2004). "Morgan, Sir Henry (c.1635–1688)".
952:
Arrest and release; knighthood and governorship (1672–1675)
893:
Morgan's first action was to take the connected islands of
669:
663:
361:
341:
325:
310:
290:
263:
251:
239:
3614:
3578:
3530:
2889:
2887:
2885:
2397:
2272:
2238:
2236:
2173:
1617:, the capital of Costa Rica, as the target for his attack.
647:
and won. The passage about the use of nuns and monks as a
5431:
4560:
3814:
3812:
3737:
3500:
3340:
3328:
3265:
3214:
3178:
3127:
3103:
3043:
2685:
2248:
1961:
1946:
1579:
Although England and Spain were not at war (the six-year
1397:
1213:
1163:
By the time of his death, Morgan owned three plantations
509:
4502:
4129:
Buccaneers of the Caribbean: How Piracy Forged an Empire
3779:
3677:
3542:
3226:
3139:
3079:
3067:
2935:
2911:
2858:
2846:
2822:
2637:
2601:
2565:
2115:
2113:
2028:
2026:
2024:
1985:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1809:
1511:
The sources that show Robert as Henry's father include:
26:"Morgan the Pirate" redirects here. For other uses, see
3761:
3655:
3653:
3602:
3590:
3554:
3446:
3316:
3304:
3282:
3280:
3255:
3253:
3156:
3154:
3031:
2995:
2923:
2882:
2834:
2786:
2762:
2750:
2726:
2714:
2673:
2529:
2469:
2445:
2409:
2320:
2296:
2233:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1839:
995:, Pope finds no evidence of this in the Tower records.
651:
was retracted from subsequent publications in England.
3809:
3638:
2810:
2798:
2738:
2702:
2589:
2493:
2385:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2344:
2332:
2149:
2125:
2098:
2074:
2062:
2050:
1997:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1907:
1905:
1463:
1461:
4337:
The Buccaneer King: the Story of Captain Henry Morgan
3749:
3725:
3701:
3518:
3482:
3458:
3364:
3166:
3019:
2959:
2947:
2308:
2161:
2137:
2110:
2086:
2021:
1754:"Captain Stratton's Fancy" was later set to music by
1613:
Mansvelt instead selected the more lucrative city of
963:, who ordered Morgan's arrest, but later knighted him
573:
In 1667 diplomatic relations between the kingdoms of
4259:(Kindle ed.). Mineola, NY: Dover Publications.
3785:
3689:
3650:
3470:
3434:
3352:
3277:
3250:
3190:
3151:
3091:
3055:
2983:
2774:
2661:
2649:
2625:
2517:
2505:
2481:
2457:
2185:
2009:
1973:
1934:
1892:
1890:
1836:
1797:
297:, landing on the Caribbean coast and traversing the
4796:"Modyford, Sir Thomas, First Baronet (c.1620–1679)"
3981:
The Governors of Jamaica in the Seventeenth Century
3797:
2899:
2870:
2433:
2421:
2368:
2356:
2260:
2221:
2209:
2038:
1917:
1902:
1458:
1027:
368:-themed works of fiction across a range of genres.
4794:
4754:
4582:
4511:
4448:
4233:
3836:
3824:
3719:
499:In August 1665 Morgan, along with fellow captains
376:Born Harri Morgan around 1635 in Wales, either in
4562:"Historic Earthquakes: Jamaica: 1692 June 07 UTC"
4257:Jolly Roger: The Story of the Great Age of Piracy
3899:. Pencader, Carmarthenshire: Glyndŵr Publishing.
1887:
901:in December 1670. From there his fleet sailed to
605:Morgan's attack on the Castillo de San JerĂłnimo,
352:shipmate of Morgan's, accusing him of widespread
284:destroying a large Spanish squadron as he escaped
7854:
1428:both view Morgan as seeking wealth to enter the
4192:. Oakland, CA: University of California Press.
1471:at the time of Morgan's birth was complex; the
857:
808:and ensure the vessels would become entangled.
332:shortly thereafter to serve as the territory's
4486:
3671:
1253:(1678) which affected history's view of Morgan
1178:
384:, between Cardiff and Newport). The historian
5447:
5150:
4584:"Myngs, Sir Christopher (bap. 1625, d. 1666)"
4106:Parry to Finzi: Twenty English Song-composers
551:
210:. It is not known how he made his way to the
195:from the raids, Morgan purchased three large
7492:Jim Hawkins and the Curse of Treasure Island
4805:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
4765:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
4593:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
4459:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1521:Blalock, Glenn (2000). "Morgan, Sir Henry".
187:, becoming wealthy as they did so. With the
5164:
4623:"What Would Blackbeard Do? Why Piracy Pays"
4360:
4131:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
3683:
5454:
5440:
5157:
5143:
4873:
4273:
4185:
4038:
3620:
2696:
2290:
2254:
2203:
1967:
1830:
1298:is based in large part on Morgan's career.
1102:regarding Morgan's successful libel action
1053:, directed them to the French governor of
558:Henry Morgan's raid on Puerto del PrĂncipe
364:passing, as he became the inspiration for
45:
7123:Paris Declaration Respecting Maritime Law
4970:
4833:
4792:
4752:
4729:"Morgan, Henry (1635? – 1688), Buccaneer"
4640:
4048:. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.
3932:
3894:
3743:
3632:
3512:
3420:The Oxford Companion to Ships and the Sea
3346:
3271:
3208:
3184:
3145:
3133:
3121:
3085:
3073:
2977:
2941:
2893:
2840:
2792:
2756:
2732:
2679:
2535:
2451:
2415:
2403:
2326:
2302:
2278:
2242:
2179:
2032:
1991:
1955:
1881:
1803:
1382:Age of Pirates 2: City of Abandoned Ships
19:For other people named Henry Morgan, see
7750:List of ships attacked by Somali pirates
4723:
4701:
4679:
4580:
4551:
4294:
3913:
3755:
3731:
3596:
3584:
3548:
3464:
3382:
2015:
1911:
1284:
1241:
1124:Christopher Monck, 2nd Duke of Albemarle
1091:
1031:
955:
930:
867:
810:
772:
679:
670:Lake Maracaibo and Gibraltar (1668–1669)
653:
600:
561:
449:
445:
4839:
4802:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
4762:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
4620:
4590:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
4531:
4456:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
4446:
4429:"Columbus, Education and Jamaica today"
4409:"Similarities with the first Christmas"
4380:
4254:
4123:
4062:
3977:
3956:
3791:
3767:
3695:
3608:
3572:
3560:
3452:
3408:
3334:
3259:
3037:
3013:
3001:
2708:
2350:
2155:
2080:
2068:
1979:
1928:
1516:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
399:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
7855:
4915:
4334:
4206:
4166:
4145:
4109:. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press.
3996:
3854:
3818:
3707:
3644:
3322:
3310:
3298:
2929:
2816:
2744:
2720:
2619:
2595:
2583:
2559:
2547:
2499:
2391:
2338:
2314:
2167:
2143:
2119:
2092:
1651:, also known as piece of eight or the
1493:but was historically in Monmouthshire.
1040:On his arrival in Jamaica, the 12-man
234:; as diplomatic relations between the
226:. Morgan became a close friend of Sir
6909:Capture of John "Calico Jack" Rackham
5435:
5138:
4987:
4702:Tortello, Rebecca (9 December 2002).
4426:
4406:
4315:
4083:
4017:
3875:
3842:
3830:
3536:
3524:
3488:
3370:
3220:
3172:
3109:
3025:
2965:
2953:
2905:
2864:
2852:
2828:
2804:
2780:
2667:
2655:
2643:
2631:
2607:
2571:
2523:
2511:
2487:
2463:
2427:
2362:
2227:
2191:
2131:
2104:
2056:
2044:
2003:
1940:
1011:in November 1674, the first time his
676:Henry Morgan's raid on Lake Maracaibo
616:
425:in 1654, or he may have served as an
7651:International Talk Like a Pirate Day
5105:Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Carlisle
5095:Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Carlisle
4952:
4665:Legacies of British Slavery database
4228:
4102:
3984:. London: The West India Committee.
3803:
3659:
3476:
3440:
3402:Legacies of British Slavery database
3358:
3286:
3232:
3196:
3160:
3097:
3061:
3049:
2989:
2917:
2876:
2768:
2475:
2439:
2379:
2266:
2215:
1896:
1696:The Spanish later built what is now
1143:
1067:Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Carlisle
4407:Burke, Michael (21 December 2017).
4354:
4088:. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications.
3918:. Granby, MA: Bergin & Garvey.
3878:Buccaneer: Admiral Sir Henry Morgan
1793:The Tatler, Wednesday 23 April 1941
737:two years previously: an attack on
13:
7923:Jamaican people of British descent
6718:
1217:] Thomas Morgan of Tredegar".
924:The privateers, including Captain
888:Mariana, the Queen Regent of Spain
623:Henry Morgan's raid on Porto Bello
282:; he plundered both cities before
28:Morgan the Pirate (disambiguation)
14:
7964:
7541:Silver: Return to Treasure Island
5074:John Vaughan, 3rd Earl of Carbery
5064:John Vaughan, 3rd Earl of Carbery
5012:
4756:"Morgan, Sir Henry (c.1635–1688)"
4680:Tortello, Rebecca (7 June 2004).
4621:Matson, John (26 November 2008).
4240:. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co.
4152:. Washington, DC: Potomac Books.
3963:. London: Bloomsbury Publishing.
1553:According to the anthropologists
1238:Captain Morgan in popular culture
1183:Morgan died on 25 August 1688 at
1036:John Vaughan, 3rd Earl of Carbery
1005:John Vaughan, 3rd Earl of Carbery
7933:Jamaican people of Welsh descent
7837:
7836:
7824:
7677:A General History of the Pyrates
7499:Castaways of the Flying Dutchman
7020:Operation Enduring Freedom – HOA
5417:
5406:
4320:. London: Simon & Schuster.
4024:. New York: Thomas Dunne Books.
4003:. New York: Three Rivers Press.
3238:
1761:
1748:
1735:
1725:
1720:Dictionary of National Biography
1712:
1703:
1028:In Jamaican politics (1675–1688)
864:Henry Morgan's Panama expedition
780:, which guarded the entrance to
206:that is now part of the city of
175:, plantation owner, and, later,
4069:. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO.
1690:
1680:
1671:
1662:
1637:
1620:
1607:
1594:
1573:
1547:
1469:administration of Monmouthshire
1191:, Jamaica. Albemarle ordered a
1112:About the Buccaneers of America
778:San Carlos de la Barra Fortress
752:San Carlos de la Barra Fortress
503:and Jacob Fackman, returned to
438:. Much of the plunder was from
7035:Operation Dawn 8: Gulf of Aden
7030:Operation Dawn of Gulf of Aden
6783:Anti-piracy in the West Indies
5112:Lieutenant Governor of Jamaica
5081:Lieutenant Governor of Jamaica
5050:Lieutenant Governor of Jamaica
4846:The American Historical Review
4063:Francis, John Michael (2006).
1786:
1505:
1496:
1489:, which is now in the city of
1171:Morgan also left some land in
1001:Lords of Trade and Plantations
796:aimed at Espinosa's flagship,
293:, Morgan and company attacked
177:Lieutenant Governor of Jamaica
139:Lieutenant Governor of Jamaica
1:
6891:Blockade of Charleston (Vane)
4734:Dictionary of Welsh Biography
4450:"Lynch, Sir Thomas (d. 1684)"
4427:Burke, Michael (3 May 2018).
4301:. Brooklyn, NY: Autonomedia.
3501:Historic Earthquakes: Jamaica
2586:, 1573–1579, 1590, 1608–1613.
1780:
1276:Howard Pyle's Book of Pirates
1015:name Harri became officially
935:Morgan attacking Panama, 1671
536:, although he did not attack
390:Dictionary of Welsh Biography
371:
162:
63:
21:Henry Morgan (disambiguation)
7918:17th-century Jamaican people
7464:The Pilot: A Tale of the Sea
6714:Pirate battles and incidents
4826:UK public library membership
4786:UK public library membership
4614:UK public library membership
4532:Firaxis (15 November 2004).
4503:"Captain Morgan's Retreat".
4480:UK public library membership
4186:McGilligan, Patrick (1986).
1251:De Americaensche Zee-Roovers
1222:earthquake struck Port Royal
1205:Saint Andrew Parish, Jamaica
1108:De Americaensche Zee-Roovers
858:Attack on Panama (1669–1671)
815:Morgan destroys the Spanish
544:and the defence of Jamaica;
320:Morgan was then appointed a
79:or nearby what was Pencarn,
7:
7948:Piracy in the Pacific Ocean
6863:Battle of the Tiger's Mouth
6346:Rahmah ibn Jabir al-Jalhami
5313:Rahmah ibn Jabir Al Jalhami
4667:. University College London
4388:American National Biography
4280:. New York: Facts on File.
1657:pounds, shillings and pence
1600:The hostilities led to the
1523:American National Biography
1485:. A possible birthplace is
1443:Thomas describes Morgan as
1434:American National Biography
1179:Death and subsequent events
421:against the Spanish in the
10:
7969:
7740:Pirate films and TV series
7180:African Slave Trade Patrol
6748:Action of 11 November 2008
5537:Barbary pirates (corsairs)
5461:
4295:Snelders, Stephen (2005).
4255:Pringle, Patrick (2001) .
3863:
1392:started manufacturing the
1268:History of Central America
1235:
1173:Saint Mary Parish, Jamaica
1069:, was appointed governor.
861:
673:
620:
555:
552:Puerto del PrĂncipe (1667)
458:, under whom Morgan served
25:
18:
7908:17th-century Welsh people
7818:
7768:
7727:
7720:
7668:
7633:
7550:
7448:
7250:
7237:
7229:Trans-Saharan slave trade
7165:
7096:
6828:Battle off Minicoy Island
6803:Battle of Cape Fear River
6773:Anti-piracy in the Aegean
6743:Action of 28 October 2007
6738:Action of 9 November 1822
6713:
6611:
6519:
5883:
5876:
5802:
5766:
5723:
5676:
5669:
5514:
5469:
5415:
5404:
5173:
5122:
5109:
5101:
5091:
5078:
5070:
5060:
5047:
5038:
5033:
4972:10.1163/13822373-90002571
4955:"The Sweet Trade Revived"
4918:Anthropological Quarterly
4880:Anthropological Quarterly
4793:Zahedieh, Nuala (2004b).
4753:Zahedieh, Nuala (2004a).
4739:National Library of Wales
4490:. American Film Institute
4391:. Oxford University Press
4368:. American Film Institute
4146:Little, Benerson (2007).
3895:Breverton, Terry (2005).
1632:The Buccaneers of America
1538:Breverton, Terry (2005).
1266:(1873), Hubert Bancroft,
1231:
242:, Modyford gave Morgan a
144:
134:
126:
116:
107:
88:
59:
44:
37:
7224:Indian Ocean slave trade
7113:International piracy law
7050:Pirate attacks in Borneo
6922:Capture of the schooner
6914:Capture of the schooner
6848:Battle of Ocracoke Inlet
6574:Pedro Menéndez de Avilés
4646:Encyclopaedia Britannica
4581:Knighton, C. S. (2008).
4513:"Diageo Company History"
4447:Burnard, Trevor (2004).
4274:Rogoziński, Jan (1995).
4084:Gosse, Phillip (2007) .
3942:. London: Random House.
3914:Campbell, Mavis (1988).
3880:. London: Arthur Baker.
3869:
3780:Captain Morgan's Retreat
1562:observes that the terms
1474:Encyclopaedia Britannica
1452:
1260:A New History of Jamaica
721:. A spark in the ship's
689:La Ceiba (now Gibraltar)
250:(now CamagĂĽey in modern
168:– 25 August 1688) was a
7943:Piracy in the Caribbean
7883:People from Abergavenny
7683:Captain Charles Johnson
7107:1717–1718 Acts of Grace
6818:Battle of Mandab Strait
6798:Battle of Boca Teacapan
6793:Balanguingui Expedition
6758:Action of 23 March 2010
4402:(subscription required)
4381:Blalock, Glenn (2000).
4335:Thomas, Graham (2014).
4316:Talty, Stephan (2007).
4167:Lycett, Andrew (1996).
3978:Cundall, Frank (1936).
3957:Cornell, Jimmy (2014).
874:Captain Charles Johnson
486:had been appointed the
301:and its jungles before
7040:Operation Ocean Shield
6868:Battle of Tonkin River
6813:Battle of Doro Passage
6768:Action of 5 April 2010
6763:Action of 1 April 2010
6753:Action of 9 April 2009
6733:1985 Lahad Datu ambush
6723:
6559:Jose Campuzano-Polanco
6544:Duarte Pacheco Pereira
5691:British Virgin Islands
5223:Jose Campuzano-Polanco
4834:Journals and magazines
4811:10.1093/ref:odnb/18871
4771:10.1093/ref:odnb/19224
4599:10.1093/ref:odnb/19708
4566:U.S. Geological Survey
4465:10.1093/ref:odnb/17260
3997:Curtis, Wayne (2007).
3720:Diageo Company History
1968:Dawdy & Bonni 2012
1602:Second Anglo-Dutch War
1450:
1299:
1262:(1739), Alan Gardner,
1254:
1141:
1103:
1037:
964:
936:
883:
824:
784:
762:leading to the fort's
695:
659:
658:Morgan with a prisoner
609:
570:
459:
303:they attacked the city
238:and Spain worsened in
158:
7656:Pirates versus Ninjas
7083:Slave raid of SuĂ°uroy
7045:Persian Gulf Campaign
6930:Capture of the sloop
6858:Battle of the Leotung
6843:Battle of New Orleans
6722:
6584:Richard Avery Hornsby
6336:Piet Pieterszoon Hein
6296:Moses Cohen Henriques
6266:Manuel Ribeiro Pardal
6011:Christina Anna Skytte
5549:Brethren of the Coast
5532:Baltic Slavic pirates
5479:Ancient Mediterranean
5293:Moses Cohen Henriques
4959:New West Indian Guide
4930:10.1353/anq.2012.0049
4893:10.1353/anq.2012.0043
4682:"The People Who Came"
4534:"Pirates of Pirates!"
4103:Hold, Trevor (2005).
4086:The History of Piracy
4018:Earle, Peter (2007).
3876:Allen, H. R. (1976).
3385:, pp. 23, 32–33.
1643:The full name of the
1445:
1352:Blackbeard the Pirate
1288:
1245:
1136:
1095:
1083:Royal African Company
1035:
959:
934:
871:
862:Further information:
814:
776:
683:
674:Further information:
657:
621:Further information:
604:
565:
556:Further information:
453:
446:Career as a privateer
7903:17th-century pirates
7898:Governors of Jamaica
7578:skull and crossbones
7534:Mistress of the Seas
7216:Capture of the brig
7193:Atlantic slave trade
6954:Falklands Expedition
6808:Battle of Cape Lopez
6728:1582 Cagayan battles
6655:Queen Anne's Revenge
6206:José Joaquim Almeida
6191:John Newland Maffitt
6111:Hayreddin Barbarossa
5951:Bartolomeu PortuguĂŞs
5941:Artemisia I of Caria
5936:Alexandre Exquemelin
5774:Baltic Slavic piracy
5527:Anglo-Turkish piracy
4965:(1 & 2): 91–97.
4507:: 94. November 2005.
3539:, pp. 137, 175.
3400:"Sir Henry Morgan".
3052:, pp. 257, 260.
1628:Alexandre Exquemelin
1376:Sid Meier's Pirates!
1278:(compiled in 1921).
1247:Alexandre Exquemelin
1187:, located in modern
1185:Lawrencefield Estate
817:Armada de Barlovento
596:Alexandre Exquemelin
569:being sacked in 1668
419:Caribbean expedition
380:or Pencarn (both in
346:Alexandre Exquemelin
328:and returned to the
53:Alexandre Exquemelin
7888:People from Cardiff
7595:No purchase, no pay
7563:Davy Jones's locker
7506:The Angel's Command
7350:Guybrush Threepwood
7198:Barbary slave trade
7175:African slave trade
6972:Jiajing wokou raids
6873:Battle of Ty-ho Bay
6096:François l'Olonnais
5956:Bartholomew Roberts
5844:Republic of Pirates
5383:Bartholomew Roberts
5373:François l'Olonnais
5034:Government offices
4953:Lane, Kris (2000).
4627:Scientific American
4383:"Morgan, Sir Henry"
4171:. London: Phoenix.
3635:, pp. 146–147.
3235:, pp. 295–297.
3223:, pp. 145–146.
3211:, pp. 111–113.
3112:, pp. 140–141.
3016:, pp. 562–563.
2920:, pp. 242–243.
2867:, pp. 206–207.
2855:, pp. 239–240.
2831:, pp. 201–204.
2771:, pp. 216–219.
2646:, pp. 171–172.
2610:, pp. 163–165.
2574:, pp. 162–163.
2478:, pp. 169–171.
2293:, pp. 144–145.
2206:, pp. 138–139.
1722:is one such writer.
1649:peso de ocho reales
1583:had ended in 1660)
1207:, on 3 March 1696.
1042:Assembly of Jamaica
983:Charles II and his
735:François l'Olonnais
704:Cartagena de Indias
592:Puerto del PrĂncipe
567:Puerto del PrĂncipe
488:Governor of Jamaica
430:and transported to
338:Assembly of Jamaica
336:. He served on the
334:Lieutenant Governor
248:Puerto del PrĂncipe
232:Governor of Jamaica
181:Port Royal, Jamaica
179:. From his base in
7938:Welsh slave owners
7755:Timeline of piracy
7712:Piracy kidnappings
7365:Jacquotte Delahaye
7320:Charlotte de Berry
7310:Captain Sabertooth
7203:Blockade of Africa
7158:Piracy Law of 1820
7088:Turkish Abductions
7025:Operation Atalanta
6959:Great Lakes Patrol
6838:Battle of Nam Quan
6788:Attack on Veracruz
6724:
6306:Nicholas van Hoorn
6291:Michel de Grammont
6156:Jacquotte Delahaye
6141:Hippolyte Bouchard
6061:Elise Eskilsdotter
6001:Charlotte de Berry
5966:Benjamin Hornigold
5303:Benjamin Hornigold
5298:Nicholas van Hoorn
5278:Michel de Grammont
5208:Hippolyte Bouchard
5027:, 100 Welsh Heroes
4875:Dawdy, Shannon Lee
4661:"Sir Henry Morgan"
4214:. London: Viking.
3672:Captain Blood, AFI
3422:. Oxford Reference
3416:"Sir Henry Morgan"
1364:Pirates of Tortuga
1358:Morgan, the Pirate
1300:
1264:History of Jamaica
1255:
1220:On 7 June 1692 an
1104:
1099:The London Gazette
1038:
985:Secretary of State
965:
937:
884:
825:
785:
696:
660:
617:Porto Bello (1668)
610:
571:
460:
396:, writing for the
258:(now Portobelo in
236:Kingdom of England
121:Kingdom of England
7953:Maritime folklore
7913:Jamaican planters
7850:
7849:
7831:Piracy portal
7814:
7813:
7791:Fictional pirates
7690:Truce of Ratisbon
7664:
7663:
7625:Walking the plank
7485:On Stranger Tides
7425:Tony Tony Chopper
7315:Captain Stingaree
7252:Fictional pirates
7068:Sack of Baltimore
7063:Raid on Cartagena
7005:Moscow University
6884:Beluga Nomination
6853:Battle of Pianosa
6778:Antelope incident
6669:Marquis of Havana
6607:
6606:
6316:Olivier Levasseur
6256:Louis-Michel Aury
6221:Klaus Störtebeker
6171:Jeanne de Clisson
6091:François Le Clerc
5926:Anne Dieu-le-Veut
5872:
5871:
5789:South China Coast
5753:Strait of Malacca
5429:
5428:
5178:Louis-Michel Aury
5133:
5132:
5123:Succeeded by
5092:Succeeded by
5061:Succeeded by
4824:(Subscription or
4784:(Subscription or
4612:(Subscription or
4478:(Subscription or
4346:978-1-4738-3522-1
4327:978-1-4165-0293-7
4308:978-1-57027-161-8
4287:978-0-8160-2761-3
4266:978-0-486-14759-8
4247:978-0-396-07566-0
4221:978-0-670-91957-4
4199:978-0-520-05689-3
4178:978-1-85799-783-5
4159:978-1-59797-101-0
4138:978-0-674-03403-7
4116:978-1-84383-174-7
4095:978-0-486-46183-0
4076:978-1-85109-421-9
4055:978-1-108-02481-5
4031:978-0-312-36142-6
4010:978-0-307-51285-7
3970:978-1-4081-5888-3
3949:978-0-8129-7722-6
3925:978-0-8978-9148-6
3906:978-1-903529-17-1
3887:978-0-213-16569-7
3587:, pp. 89–90.
3515:, pp. 52–53.
3337:, pp. 70–71.
3124:, pp. 54–55.
2980:, pp. 92–93.
2807:, pp. 92–93.
2723:, pp. 19–20.
2406:, pp. 50–51.
2281:, pp. 45–46.
2182:, pp. 36–38.
2134:, pp. 78–79.
2107:, pp. 16–17.
2059:, pp. 12–13.
2006:, pp. 44–45.
1581:Anglo-Spanish War
1555:Shannon Lee Dawdy
1370:The Black Corsair
1144:Slave plantations
1087:Hender Molesworth
989:Earl of Arlington
477:Yucatán Peninsula
464:Christopher Myngs
456:Christopher Myngs
388:, writing in the
330:Colony of Jamaica
224:Anglo-Spanish War
216:Christopher Myngs
197:sugar plantations
148:
147:
101:Colony of Jamaica
96:(aged 52–53)
7960:
7873:Knights Bachelor
7840:
7839:
7829:
7828:
7827:
7725:
7724:
7527:Pirate Latitudes
7520:Long John Silver
7513:Voyage of Slaves
7380:Long John Silver
7275:Captain Birdseye
7248:
7247:
7118:Letter of marque
7078:Salvador Pirates
7073:Sack of Campeche
6896:Chepo Expedition
6878:Battle of Tysami
6833:Battle off Mukah
6823:Battle of Manila
6662:Quedagh Merchant
6620:Adventure Galley
6466:Victual Brothers
6451:Thomas Cavendish
6416:Sayyida al Hurra
6401:Samuel Hall Lord
6381:Roche Braziliano
6366:Robert Culliford
6301:Nathaniel Gordon
6271:Martin Frobisher
6231:Laurens de Graaf
6201:Jørgen Jørgensen
6136:Henry Strangways
6116:Hendrick Lucifer
6066:Eustace the Monk
5931:AntĂłnio de Faria
5881:
5880:
5849:Republic of Salé
5819:ĂŽle Sainte-Marie
5674:
5673:
5651:Victual Brothers
5559:Cilician pirates
5456:
5449:
5442:
5433:
5432:
5421:
5410:
5333:Jørgen Jørgensen
5273:Laurens de Graaf
5213:Roche Braziliano
5159:
5152:
5145:
5136:
5135:
5102:Preceded by
5071:Preceded by
5039:Preceded by
5031:
5030:
5007:
4984:
4974:
4949:
4912:
4870:
4829:
4821:
4819:
4817:
4798:
4789:
4781:
4779:
4777:
4758:
4749:
4747:
4745:
4720:
4718:
4716:
4698:
4696:
4694:
4676:
4674:
4672:
4656:
4654:
4652:
4637:
4635:
4633:
4617:
4609:
4607:
4605:
4586:
4577:
4575:
4573:
4557:
4554:The Toronto Star
4548:
4546:
4544:
4528:
4526:
4524:
4515:. Archived from
4508:
4505:Islands Magazine
4499:
4497:
4495:
4483:
4475:
4473:
4471:
4452:
4443:
4441:
4439:
4433:Jamaica Observer
4423:
4421:
4419:
4413:Jamaica Observer
4403:
4400:
4398:
4396:
4377:
4375:
4373:
4362:"The Black Swan"
4355:Online resources
4350:
4331:
4312:
4291:
4270:
4251:
4239:
4225:
4203:
4182:
4163:
4142:
4120:
4099:
4080:
4059:
4040:Exquemelin, John
4035:
4014:
3993:
3974:
3953:
3934:Cordingly, David
3929:
3910:
3891:
3858:
3852:
3846:
3840:
3834:
3828:
3822:
3816:
3807:
3801:
3795:
3789:
3783:
3777:
3771:
3765:
3759:
3753:
3747:
3741:
3735:
3729:
3723:
3717:
3711:
3705:
3699:
3693:
3687:
3681:
3675:
3669:
3663:
3657:
3648:
3642:
3636:
3630:
3624:
3618:
3612:
3606:
3600:
3594:
3588:
3582:
3576:
3570:
3564:
3558:
3552:
3546:
3540:
3534:
3528:
3522:
3516:
3510:
3504:
3498:
3492:
3486:
3480:
3474:
3468:
3462:
3456:
3450:
3444:
3438:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3427:
3412:
3406:
3397:
3386:
3380:
3374:
3368:
3362:
3356:
3350:
3344:
3338:
3332:
3326:
3320:
3314:
3308:
3302:
3296:
3290:
3284:
3275:
3269:
3263:
3257:
3248:
3242:
3236:
3230:
3224:
3218:
3212:
3206:
3200:
3194:
3188:
3182:
3176:
3170:
3164:
3158:
3149:
3143:
3137:
3131:
3125:
3119:
3113:
3107:
3101:
3095:
3089:
3083:
3077:
3071:
3065:
3059:
3053:
3047:
3041:
3035:
3029:
3023:
3017:
3011:
3005:
2999:
2993:
2987:
2981:
2975:
2969:
2963:
2957:
2951:
2945:
2939:
2933:
2927:
2921:
2915:
2909:
2903:
2897:
2891:
2880:
2874:
2868:
2862:
2856:
2850:
2844:
2838:
2832:
2826:
2820:
2814:
2808:
2802:
2796:
2790:
2784:
2778:
2772:
2766:
2760:
2754:
2748:
2742:
2736:
2730:
2724:
2718:
2712:
2706:
2700:
2694:
2683:
2677:
2671:
2665:
2659:
2653:
2647:
2641:
2635:
2629:
2623:
2617:
2611:
2605:
2599:
2593:
2587:
2581:
2575:
2569:
2563:
2557:
2551:
2545:
2539:
2533:
2527:
2521:
2515:
2509:
2503:
2497:
2491:
2485:
2479:
2473:
2467:
2461:
2455:
2449:
2443:
2437:
2431:
2425:
2419:
2413:
2407:
2401:
2395:
2389:
2383:
2377:
2366:
2360:
2354:
2348:
2342:
2336:
2330:
2324:
2318:
2312:
2306:
2300:
2294:
2288:
2282:
2276:
2270:
2264:
2258:
2252:
2246:
2240:
2231:
2225:
2219:
2213:
2207:
2201:
2195:
2189:
2183:
2177:
2171:
2165:
2159:
2153:
2147:
2141:
2135:
2129:
2123:
2117:
2108:
2102:
2096:
2090:
2084:
2078:
2072:
2066:
2060:
2054:
2048:
2042:
2036:
2030:
2019:
2013:
2007:
2001:
1995:
1989:
1983:
1977:
1971:
1965:
1959:
1953:
1944:
1938:
1932:
1926:
1915:
1909:
1900:
1894:
1885:
1879:
1834:
1828:
1807:
1801:
1795:
1790:
1775:
1765:
1759:
1752:
1746:
1745:until the 1830s.
1739:
1733:
1729:
1723:
1718:Zahedieh in the
1716:
1710:
1707:
1701:
1694:
1688:
1684:
1678:
1675:
1669:
1666:
1660:
1641:
1635:
1624:
1618:
1611:
1605:
1598:
1592:
1577:
1571:
1551:
1545:
1509:
1503:
1500:
1494:
1465:
1330:Live and Let Die
1317:'s first novel,
1226:Kingston Harbour
1150:Jamaican Maroons
1022:Jamaica Merchant
969:Treaty of Madrid
913:and headed for
907:Fort San Lorenzo
768:guns were spiked
493:letter of marque
473:Sack of Campeche
469:Santiago de Cuba
406:than the book".
266:, he sailed for
244:letter of marque
167:
164:
151:Sir Henry Morgan
110:Piratical career
95:
68:
65:
49:
35:
34:
7968:
7967:
7963:
7962:
7961:
7959:
7958:
7957:
7853:
7852:
7851:
7846:
7825:
7823:
7810:
7776:Barbary pirates
7764:
7760:Women in piracy
7716:
7660:
7629:
7558:Buried treasure
7546:
7478:Facing the Flag
7471:Treasure Island
7444:
7390:Vaas Montenegro
7385:Monkey D. Luffy
7355:Hector Barbossa
7340:Elizabeth Swann
7305:Captain Pugwash
7242:
7240:
7233:
7210:Veloz Passagera
7208:Capture of the
7161:
7092:
6901:Capture of the
6709:
6641:Flying Dutchman
6603:
6569:Miguel EnrĂquez
6521:
6515:
6481:William Dampier
6436:Simon Mascarino
6431:Shirahama Kenki
6411:Samuel Pallache
6376:Roberto CofresĂ
6286:Mary Wolverston
6261:Mansel Alcantra
6236:Lawrence Prince
5916:Albert W. Hicks
5868:
5806:
5798:
5762:
5719:
5665:
5661:Women in piracy
5626:Sindhi corsairs
5579:French corsairs
5569:Cossack pirates
5522:Albanian piracy
5515:Types of pirate
5510:
5465:
5460:
5430:
5425:
5411:
5402:
5378:Lawrence Prince
5243:William Dampier
5238:Roberto Cofresi
5169:
5168:since the 1660s
5163:
5129:
5119:
5114:
5107:
5097:
5088:
5083:
5076:
5066:
5057:
5052:
5045:
5015:
5010:
4859:10.2307/1834836
4841:Barbour, Violet
4836:
4823:
4815:
4813:
4783:
4775:
4773:
4743:
4741:
4725:Williams, David
4714:
4712:
4709:Jamaica Gleaner
4692:
4690:
4687:Jamaica Gleaner
4670:
4668:
4650:
4648:
4642:"Monmouthshire"
4631:
4629:
4611:
4603:
4601:
4571:
4569:
4542:
4540:
4522:
4520:
4519:on 4 April 2007
4493:
4491:
4488:"Captain Blood"
4477:
4469:
4467:
4437:
4435:
4417:
4415:
4401:
4394:
4392:
4371:
4369:
4357:
4347:
4328:
4309:
4288:
4267:
4248:
4222:
4200:
4179:
4160:
4139:
4117:
4096:
4077:
4056:
4032:
4011:
3971:
3950:
3926:
3907:
3888:
3872:
3866:
3861:
3853:
3849:
3841:
3837:
3829:
3825:
3817:
3810:
3802:
3798:
3790:
3786:
3778:
3774:
3766:
3762:
3754:
3750:
3742:
3738:
3730:
3726:
3718:
3714:
3706:
3702:
3694:
3690:
3684:Black Swan, AFI
3682:
3678:
3670:
3666:
3658:
3651:
3643:
3639:
3631:
3627:
3621:McGilligan 1986
3619:
3615:
3607:
3603:
3595:
3591:
3583:
3579:
3571:
3567:
3559:
3555:
3547:
3543:
3535:
3531:
3523:
3519:
3511:
3507:
3499:
3495:
3487:
3483:
3475:
3471:
3463:
3459:
3451:
3447:
3439:
3435:
3425:
3423:
3414:
3413:
3409:
3398:
3389:
3381:
3377:
3369:
3365:
3357:
3353:
3345:
3341:
3333:
3329:
3321:
3317:
3309:
3305:
3297:
3293:
3285:
3278:
3270:
3266:
3258:
3251:
3243:
3239:
3231:
3227:
3219:
3215:
3207:
3203:
3195:
3191:
3183:
3179:
3171:
3167:
3159:
3152:
3144:
3140:
3132:
3128:
3120:
3116:
3108:
3104:
3096:
3092:
3084:
3080:
3072:
3068:
3060:
3056:
3048:
3044:
3036:
3032:
3024:
3020:
3012:
3008:
3000:
2996:
2988:
2984:
2976:
2972:
2964:
2960:
2952:
2948:
2940:
2936:
2928:
2924:
2916:
2912:
2904:
2900:
2892:
2883:
2875:
2871:
2863:
2859:
2851:
2847:
2839:
2835:
2827:
2823:
2815:
2811:
2803:
2799:
2791:
2787:
2779:
2775:
2767:
2763:
2755:
2751:
2743:
2739:
2731:
2727:
2719:
2715:
2707:
2703:
2697:Rogoziński 1995
2695:
2686:
2678:
2674:
2666:
2662:
2654:
2650:
2642:
2638:
2630:
2626:
2618:
2614:
2606:
2602:
2594:
2590:
2582:
2578:
2570:
2566:
2558:
2554:
2546:
2542:
2534:
2530:
2522:
2518:
2510:
2506:
2498:
2494:
2486:
2482:
2474:
2470:
2462:
2458:
2450:
2446:
2438:
2434:
2426:
2422:
2414:
2410:
2402:
2398:
2390:
2386:
2378:
2369:
2361:
2357:
2349:
2345:
2337:
2333:
2325:
2321:
2313:
2309:
2301:
2297:
2291:Exquemelin 2010
2289:
2285:
2277:
2273:
2265:
2261:
2255:Exquemelin 2010
2253:
2249:
2241:
2234:
2226:
2222:
2214:
2210:
2204:Exquemelin 2010
2202:
2198:
2190:
2186:
2178:
2174:
2166:
2162:
2154:
2150:
2142:
2138:
2130:
2126:
2118:
2111:
2103:
2099:
2091:
2087:
2079:
2075:
2067:
2063:
2055:
2051:
2043:
2039:
2031:
2022:
2014:
2010:
2002:
1998:
1990:
1986:
1978:
1974:
1966:
1962:
1958:, p. xvii.
1954:
1947:
1939:
1935:
1927:
1918:
1910:
1903:
1895:
1888:
1880:
1837:
1831:Rogoziński 1995
1829:
1810:
1802:
1798:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1778:
1766:
1762:
1753:
1749:
1740:
1736:
1730:
1726:
1717:
1713:
1708:
1704:
1695:
1691:
1685:
1681:
1676:
1672:
1667:
1663:
1642:
1638:
1625:
1621:
1612:
1608:
1599:
1595:
1578:
1574:
1552:
1548:
1510:
1506:
1501:
1497:
1466:
1459:
1455:
1390:Seagram Company
1305:Rafael Sabatini
1290:Rafael Sabatini
1240:
1234:
1181:
1146:
1051:Robert Byndloss
1030:
1009:Knight Bachelor
993:Tower of London
954:
879:General History
866:
860:
848:King Charles II
723:powder magazine
678:
672:
625:
619:
560:
554:
530:Edward Mansvelt
484:Thomas Modyford
448:
417:as part of the
415:Oliver Cromwell
411:Robert Venables
374:
322:Knight Bachelor
228:Thomas Modyford
165:
103:
99:Lawrencefield,
97:
93:
84:
69:
66:
55:
40:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7966:
7956:
7955:
7950:
7945:
7940:
7935:
7930:
7925:
7920:
7915:
7910:
7905:
7900:
7895:
7890:
7885:
7880:
7875:
7870:
7865:
7848:
7847:
7845:
7844:
7834:
7819:
7816:
7815:
7812:
7811:
7809:
7808:
7803:
7801:Piracy by year
7798:
7793:
7788:
7786:Female pirates
7783:
7781:By nationality
7778:
7772:
7770:
7766:
7765:
7763:
7762:
7757:
7752:
7747:
7742:
7737:
7731:
7729:
7722:
7718:
7717:
7715:
7714:
7709:
7704:
7698:
7697:
7692:
7687:
7686:
7685:
7672:
7670:
7666:
7665:
7662:
7661:
7659:
7658:
7653:
7648:
7643:
7637:
7635:
7631:
7630:
7628:
7627:
7622:
7617:
7612:
7607:
7602:
7597:
7592:
7587:
7582:
7581:
7580:
7570:
7565:
7560:
7554:
7552:
7548:
7547:
7545:
7544:
7537:
7530:
7523:
7516:
7509:
7502:
7495:
7488:
7481:
7474:
7467:
7460:
7452:
7450:
7446:
7445:
7443:
7442:
7437:
7432:
7427:
7422:
7417:
7412:
7407:
7402:
7397:
7392:
7387:
7382:
7377:
7375:Joshamee Gibbs
7372:
7367:
7362:
7357:
7352:
7347:
7342:
7337:
7332:
7327:
7322:
7317:
7312:
7307:
7302:
7297:
7292:
7287:
7282:
7277:
7272:
7267:
7262:
7256:
7254:
7245:
7235:
7234:
7232:
7231:
7226:
7221:
7213:
7205:
7200:
7195:
7190:
7182:
7177:
7171:
7169:
7163:
7162:
7160:
7155:
7125:
7120:
7115:
7110:
7100:
7098:
7094:
7093:
7091:
7090:
7085:
7080:
7075:
7070:
7065:
7060:
7052:
7047:
7042:
7037:
7032:
7027:
7022:
7017:
7009:
7000:
6991:
6982:
6978:Maersk Alabama
6974:
6969:
6961:
6956:
6951:
6943:
6935:
6927:
6919:
6911:
6906:
6898:
6893:
6888:
6880:
6875:
6870:
6865:
6860:
6855:
6850:
6845:
6840:
6835:
6830:
6825:
6820:
6815:
6810:
6805:
6800:
6795:
6790:
6785:
6780:
6775:
6770:
6765:
6760:
6755:
6750:
6745:
6740:
6735:
6730:
6717:
6715:
6711:
6710:
6708:
6707:
6700:
6693:
6686:
6679:
6672:
6665:
6658:
6651:
6644:
6637:
6630:
6623:
6615:
6613:
6609:
6608:
6605:
6604:
6602:
6601:
6596:
6591:
6589:Robert Maynard
6586:
6581:
6576:
6571:
6566:
6561:
6556:
6551:
6546:
6541:
6536:
6531:
6525:
6523:
6517:
6516:
6514:
6513:
6508:
6503:
6498:
6493:
6488:
6483:
6478:
6473:
6471:Vincenzo Gambi
6468:
6463:
6458:
6453:
6448:
6443:
6438:
6433:
6428:
6423:
6418:
6413:
6408:
6403:
6398:
6396:Samuel Bellamy
6393:
6388:
6383:
6378:
6373:
6371:Robert Surcouf
6368:
6363:
6361:Richard Glover
6358:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6331:Pierre Lafitte
6328:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6308:
6303:
6298:
6293:
6288:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6258:
6253:
6248:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6223:
6218:
6213:
6208:
6203:
6198:
6193:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6106:Grace O'Malley
6103:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6046:Edward England
6043:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6008:
6006:Cheung Po Tsai
6003:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5963:
5961:Benito de Soto
5958:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5938:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5906:Abraham Samuel
5903:
5901:Adam Baldridge
5898:
5893:
5887:
5885:
5878:
5874:
5873:
5870:
5869:
5867:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5854:Saint Augustin
5851:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5810:
5808:
5800:
5799:
5797:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5770:
5768:
5764:
5763:
5761:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5739:
5738:
5731:Horn of Africa
5727:
5725:
5721:
5720:
5718:
5717:
5715:Gulf of Guinea
5712:
5711:
5710:
5705:
5704:
5703:
5701:Lake Nicaragua
5693:
5682:
5680:
5678:Atlantic World
5671:
5667:
5666:
5664:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5607:
5606:
5596:
5591:
5586:
5584:Jewish pirates
5581:
5576:
5571:
5566:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5545:
5544:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5518:
5516:
5512:
5511:
5509:
5508:
5507:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5486:
5481:
5475:
5473:
5467:
5466:
5459:
5458:
5451:
5444:
5436:
5427:
5426:
5416:
5413:
5412:
5405:
5403:
5401:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5388:Benito de Soto
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5348:Pierre Lafitte
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5318:Henry Jennings
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5258:Vincenzo Gambi
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5228:Cheung Po Tsai
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5188:Samuel Bellamy
5185:
5180:
5174:
5171:
5170:
5162:
5161:
5154:
5147:
5139:
5131:
5130:
5124:
5121:
5108:
5103:
5099:
5098:
5093:
5090:
5077:
5072:
5068:
5067:
5062:
5059:
5046:
5040:
5036:
5035:
5029:
5028:
5025:"Henry Morgan"
5022:
5019:"Henry Morgan"
5014:
5013:External links
5011:
5009:
5008:
4985:
4950:
4924:(3): 755–784.
4913:
4887:(3): 673–699.
4871:
4853:(3): 529–566.
4835:
4832:
4831:
4830:
4790:
4750:
4721:
4699:
4677:
4657:
4638:
4618:
4578:
4568:. 6 April 2016
4558:
4549:
4529:
4509:
4500:
4484:
4444:
4424:
4404:
4378:
4356:
4353:
4352:
4351:
4345:
4332:
4326:
4313:
4307:
4292:
4286:
4271:
4265:
4252:
4246:
4226:
4220:
4208:Paxman, Jeremy
4204:
4198:
4183:
4177:
4164:
4158:
4143:
4137:
4121:
4115:
4100:
4094:
4081:
4075:
4060:
4054:
4036:
4030:
4015:
4009:
3994:
3975:
3969:
3954:
3948:
3930:
3924:
3911:
3905:
3892:
3886:
3871:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3859:
3847:
3835:
3823:
3821:, p. 771.
3808:
3796:
3784:
3772:
3770:, p. 102.
3760:
3748:
3746:, p. 141.
3744:Breverton 2005
3736:
3724:
3712:
3700:
3688:
3676:
3664:
3662:, p. 348.
3649:
3647:, p. 238.
3637:
3633:Breverton 2005
3625:
3623:, p. 299.
3613:
3601:
3599:, pp. 92.
3589:
3577:
3565:
3553:
3551:, p. 111.
3541:
3529:
3527:, p. 175.
3517:
3513:Cordingly 2006
3505:
3493:
3491:, p. 181.
3481:
3479:, p. 344.
3469:
3457:
3455:, p. 260.
3445:
3443:, p. 347.
3433:
3407:
3387:
3375:
3373:, p. 280.
3363:
3361:, p. 342.
3351:
3349:, p. 127.
3347:Breverton 2005
3339:
3327:
3315:
3303:
3291:
3289:, p. 244.
3276:
3274:, p. 120.
3272:Breverton 2005
3264:
3249:
3237:
3225:
3213:
3209:Breverton 2005
3201:
3199:, p. 276.
3189:
3187:, p. 112.
3185:Breverton 2005
3177:
3175:, p. 271.
3165:
3163:, p. 277.
3150:
3146:Cordingly 2006
3138:
3136:, p. 108.
3134:Breverton 2005
3126:
3122:Cordingly 2006
3114:
3102:
3100:, p. 268.
3090:
3086:Breverton 2005
3078:
3074:Cordingly 2006
3066:
3064:, p. 264.
3054:
3042:
3040:, p. 565.
3030:
3028:, p. 119.
3018:
3006:
3004:, p. 663.
2994:
2992:, p. 251.
2982:
2978:Breverton 2005
2970:
2968:, p. 159.
2958:
2956:, p. 251.
2946:
2942:Breverton 2005
2934:
2922:
2910:
2898:
2894:Cordingly 2006
2881:
2879:, p. 241.
2869:
2857:
2845:
2841:Cordingly 2006
2833:
2821:
2809:
2797:
2793:Breverton 2005
2785:
2783:, p. 158.
2773:
2761:
2757:Cordingly 2006
2749:
2737:
2733:Breverton 2005
2725:
2713:
2711:, p. 559.
2701:
2699:, p. 229.
2684:
2680:Breverton 2005
2672:
2670:, p. 157.
2660:
2658:, p. 172.
2648:
2636:
2634:, p. 170.
2624:
2612:
2600:
2588:
2576:
2564:
2552:
2540:
2536:Breverton 2005
2528:
2526:, p. 151.
2516:
2514:, p. 150.
2504:
2492:
2490:, p. 149.
2480:
2468:
2466:, p. 145.
2456:
2452:Cordingly 2006
2444:
2442:, p. 166.
2432:
2420:
2416:Breverton 2005
2408:
2404:Breverton 2005
2396:
2384:
2382:, p. 163.
2367:
2355:
2353:, p. 556.
2343:
2331:
2327:Cordingly 2006
2319:
2317:, p. 249.
2307:
2303:Breverton 2005
2295:
2283:
2279:Cordingly 2006
2271:
2269:, p. 147.
2259:
2257:, p. 139.
2247:
2243:Breverton 2005
2232:
2220:
2218:, p. 145.
2208:
2196:
2194:, p. 156.
2184:
2180:Breverton 2005
2172:
2160:
2158:, p. 164.
2148:
2136:
2124:
2109:
2097:
2085:
2083:, p. 148.
2073:
2071:, p. 146.
2061:
2049:
2037:
2033:Zahedieh 2004b
2020:
2008:
1996:
1994:, p. 444.
1992:Cordingly 2006
1984:
1972:
1970:, p. 678.
1960:
1956:Cordingly 2006
1945:
1943:, p. 154.
1933:
1916:
1901:
1886:
1882:Zahedieh 2004a
1835:
1833:, p. 228.
1808:
1796:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1776:
1772:The Black Swan
1760:
1747:
1734:
1724:
1711:
1702:
1689:
1679:
1670:
1661:
1653:Spanish dollar
1636:
1619:
1606:
1593:
1572:
1546:
1544:
1543:
1536:
1526:
1519:
1504:
1495:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1438:British Empire
1419:The economist
1414:Ambergris Caye
1394:Captain Morgan
1346:The Black Swan
1335:John Masefield
1327:'s 1954 novel
1315:John Steinbeck
1307:'s 1922 novel
1292:'s 1922 novel
1233:
1230:
1180:
1177:
1158:Blue Mountains
1154:Juan de Serras
1145:
1142:
1029:
1026:
973:Violet Barbour
953:
950:
942:Edward Collier
899:Santa Catalina
895:Old Providence
859:
856:
821:Lake Maracaibo
747:Lake Maracaibo
691:in modern-day
671:
668:
618:
615:
553:
550:
523:Sint Eustatius
447:
444:
436:Spanish Empire
394:Nuala Zahedieh
386:David Williams
373:
370:
280:Lake Maracaibo
146:
145:
142:
141:
136:
132:
131:
128:
124:
123:
118:
114:
113:
105:
104:
98:
92:25 August 1688
90:
86:
85:
70:
61:
57:
56:
50:
42:
41:
38:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7965:
7954:
7951:
7949:
7946:
7944:
7941:
7939:
7936:
7934:
7931:
7929:
7926:
7924:
7921:
7919:
7916:
7914:
7911:
7909:
7906:
7904:
7901:
7899:
7896:
7894:
7893:Welsh pirates
7891:
7889:
7886:
7884:
7881:
7879:
7876:
7874:
7871:
7869:
7866:
7864:
7861:
7860:
7858:
7843:
7835:
7833:
7832:
7821:
7820:
7817:
7807:
7804:
7802:
7799:
7797:
7794:
7792:
7789:
7787:
7784:
7782:
7779:
7777:
7774:
7773:
7771:
7767:
7761:
7758:
7756:
7753:
7751:
7748:
7746:
7743:
7741:
7738:
7736:
7733:
7732:
7730:
7726:
7723:
7719:
7713:
7710:
7708:
7705:
7703:
7700:
7699:
7696:
7693:
7691:
7688:
7684:
7681:
7680:
7679:
7678:
7674:
7673:
7671:
7669:Miscellaneous
7667:
7657:
7654:
7652:
7649:
7647:
7644:
7642:
7639:
7638:
7636:
7634:Miscellaneous
7632:
7626:
7623:
7621:
7618:
7616:
7615:Pirate utopia
7613:
7611:
7608:
7606:
7603:
7601:
7598:
7596:
7593:
7591:
7588:
7586:
7583:
7579:
7576:
7575:
7574:
7571:
7569:
7566:
7564:
7561:
7559:
7556:
7555:
7553:
7549:
7543:
7542:
7538:
7536:
7535:
7531:
7529:
7528:
7524:
7522:
7521:
7517:
7515:
7514:
7510:
7508:
7507:
7503:
7501:
7500:
7496:
7494:
7493:
7489:
7487:
7486:
7482:
7480:
7479:
7475:
7473:
7472:
7468:
7466:
7465:
7461:
7459:
7458:
7454:
7453:
7451:
7447:
7441:
7438:
7436:
7433:
7431:
7428:
7426:
7423:
7421:
7418:
7416:
7413:
7411:
7408:
7406:
7403:
7401:
7398:
7396:
7393:
7391:
7388:
7386:
7383:
7381:
7378:
7376:
7373:
7371:
7368:
7366:
7363:
7361:
7358:
7356:
7353:
7351:
7348:
7346:
7343:
7341:
7338:
7336:
7335:Elaine Marley
7333:
7331:
7330:Edward Kenway
7328:
7326:
7323:
7321:
7318:
7316:
7313:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7303:
7301:
7298:
7296:
7293:
7291:
7290:Captain Flint
7288:
7286:
7285:Captain Crook
7283:
7281:
7280:Captain Blood
7278:
7276:
7273:
7271:
7268:
7266:
7263:
7261:
7258:
7257:
7255:
7253:
7249:
7246:
7244:
7236:
7230:
7227:
7225:
7222:
7220:
7219:
7214:
7212:
7211:
7206:
7204:
7201:
7199:
7196:
7194:
7191:
7189:
7187:
7183:
7181:
7178:
7176:
7173:
7172:
7170:
7168:
7164:
7159:
7156:
7153:
7149:
7145:
7141:
7137:
7133:
7129:
7126:
7124:
7121:
7119:
7116:
7114:
7111:
7108:
7104:
7103:Acts of grace
7101:
7099:
7095:
7089:
7086:
7084:
7081:
7079:
7076:
7074:
7071:
7069:
7066:
7064:
7061:
7059:
7057:
7053:
7051:
7048:
7046:
7043:
7041:
7038:
7036:
7033:
7031:
7028:
7026:
7023:
7021:
7018:
7016:
7014:
7010:
7008:
7006:
7001:
6999:
6997:
6996:Orkim Harmony
6992:
6990:
6988:
6983:
6981:
6979:
6975:
6973:
6970:
6968:
6966:
6962:
6960:
6957:
6955:
6952:
6950:
6948:
6944:
6942:
6940:
6939:Carré d'As IV
6936:
6934:
6933:
6928:
6926:
6925:
6920:
6918:
6917:
6912:
6910:
6907:
6905:
6904:
6903:Ambrose Light
6899:
6897:
6894:
6892:
6889:
6887:
6885:
6881:
6879:
6876:
6874:
6871:
6869:
6866:
6864:
6861:
6859:
6856:
6854:
6851:
6849:
6846:
6844:
6841:
6839:
6836:
6834:
6831:
6829:
6826:
6824:
6821:
6819:
6816:
6814:
6811:
6809:
6806:
6804:
6801:
6799:
6796:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6776:
6774:
6771:
6769:
6766:
6764:
6761:
6759:
6756:
6754:
6751:
6749:
6746:
6744:
6741:
6739:
6736:
6734:
6731:
6729:
6726:
6725:
6721:
6716:
6712:
6706:
6705:
6701:
6699:
6698:
6694:
6692:
6691:
6687:
6685:
6684:
6683:Royal Fortune
6680:
6678:
6677:
6673:
6671:
6670:
6666:
6664:
6663:
6659:
6657:
6656:
6652:
6650:
6649:
6645:
6643:
6642:
6638:
6636:
6635:
6631:
6629:
6628:
6627:Ambrose Light
6624:
6622:
6621:
6617:
6616:
6614:
6610:
6600:
6599:Woodes Rogers
6597:
6595:
6594:Thomas Warren
6592:
6590:
6587:
6585:
6582:
6580:
6577:
6575:
6572:
6570:
6567:
6565:
6562:
6560:
6557:
6555:
6554:Julius Caesar
6552:
6550:
6547:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6534:Chaloner Ogle
6532:
6530:
6527:
6526:
6524:
6518:
6512:
6509:
6507:
6506:Zheng Zhilong
6504:
6502:
6499:
6497:
6494:
6492:
6489:
6487:
6484:
6482:
6479:
6477:
6474:
6472:
6469:
6467:
6464:
6462:
6459:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6449:
6447:
6444:
6442:
6439:
6437:
6434:
6432:
6429:
6427:
6424:
6422:
6419:
6417:
6414:
6412:
6409:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6391:Sadie Farrell
6389:
6387:
6384:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6367:
6364:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6341:Princess Sela
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6321:Pedro Gilbert
6319:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6241:Liang Daoming
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6086:Francis Drake
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6041:Dominique You
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5996:Charles Gibbs
5994:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5891:Abduwali Muse
5889:
5888:
5886:
5882:
5879:
5877:Major figures
5875:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5814:Barataria Bay
5812:
5811:
5809:
5805:
5804:Pirate havens
5801:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5779:Barbary Coast
5777:
5775:
5772:
5771:
5769:
5765:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5737:
5734:
5733:
5732:
5729:
5728:
5726:
5722:
5716:
5713:
5709:
5706:
5702:
5699:
5698:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5688:
5687:
5684:
5683:
5681:
5679:
5675:
5672:
5668:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5631:Timber pirate
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5605:
5602:
5601:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5543:
5540:
5539:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5519:
5517:
5513:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5491:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5476:
5474:
5472:
5468:
5464:
5457:
5452:
5450:
5445:
5443:
5438:
5437:
5434:
5424:
5423:Piracy portal
5420:
5414:
5409:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5393:Dominique You
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5328:Edward Jordan
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5268:Pedro Gilbert
5266:
5264:
5263:Charles Gibbs
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5175:
5172:
5167:
5160:
5155:
5153:
5148:
5146:
5141:
5140:
5137:
5128:
5118:
5117:
5113:
5106:
5100:
5096:
5087:
5086:
5082:
5075:
5069:
5065:
5056:
5055:
5051:
5044:
5037:
5032:
5026:
5023:
5020:
5017:
5016:
5005:
5001:
4997:
4993:
4992:
4986:
4982:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4964:
4960:
4956:
4951:
4947:
4943:
4939:
4935:
4931:
4927:
4923:
4919:
4914:
4910:
4906:
4902:
4898:
4894:
4890:
4886:
4882:
4881:
4876:
4872:
4868:
4864:
4860:
4856:
4852:
4848:
4847:
4842:
4838:
4837:
4827:
4812:
4808:
4804:
4803:
4797:
4791:
4787:
4772:
4768:
4764:
4763:
4757:
4751:
4740:
4736:
4735:
4730:
4726:
4722:
4711:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4689:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4666:
4662:
4658:
4647:
4643:
4639:
4628:
4624:
4619:
4615:
4600:
4596:
4592:
4591:
4585:
4579:
4567:
4563:
4559:
4556:. p. T4.
4555:
4550:
4539:
4535:
4530:
4518:
4514:
4510:
4506:
4501:
4489:
4485:
4481:
4466:
4462:
4458:
4457:
4451:
4445:
4434:
4430:
4425:
4414:
4410:
4405:
4390:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4367:
4363:
4359:
4358:
4348:
4342:
4338:
4333:
4329:
4323:
4319:
4314:
4310:
4304:
4300:
4299:
4293:
4289:
4283:
4279:
4278:
4272:
4268:
4262:
4258:
4253:
4249:
4243:
4238:
4237:
4231:
4227:
4223:
4217:
4213:
4209:
4205:
4201:
4195:
4191:
4190:
4184:
4180:
4174:
4170:
4165:
4161:
4155:
4151:
4150:
4144:
4140:
4134:
4130:
4126:
4122:
4118:
4112:
4108:
4107:
4101:
4097:
4091:
4087:
4082:
4078:
4072:
4068:
4067:
4061:
4057:
4051:
4047:
4046:
4041:
4037:
4033:
4027:
4023:
4022:
4016:
4012:
4006:
4002:
4001:
3995:
3991:
3987:
3983:
3982:
3976:
3972:
3966:
3962:
3961:
3955:
3951:
3945:
3941:
3940:
3935:
3931:
3927:
3921:
3917:
3912:
3908:
3902:
3898:
3893:
3889:
3883:
3879:
3874:
3873:
3856:
3851:
3844:
3839:
3832:
3827:
3820:
3815:
3813:
3806:, p. 96.
3805:
3800:
3793:
3788:
3781:
3776:
3769:
3764:
3757:
3756:Folliott 2014
3752:
3745:
3740:
3733:
3732:Tortello 2004
3728:
3721:
3716:
3710:, p. 42.
3709:
3704:
3697:
3692:
3685:
3680:
3673:
3668:
3661:
3656:
3654:
3646:
3641:
3634:
3629:
3622:
3617:
3610:
3605:
3598:
3597:Snelders 2005
3593:
3586:
3585:Snelders 2005
3581:
3574:
3569:
3562:
3557:
3550:
3549:Snelders 2005
3545:
3538:
3533:
3526:
3521:
3514:
3509:
3502:
3497:
3490:
3485:
3478:
3473:
3466:
3465:Tortello 2002
3461:
3454:
3449:
3442:
3437:
3421:
3417:
3411:
3404:
3403:
3396:
3394:
3392:
3384:
3383:Campbell 1988
3379:
3372:
3367:
3360:
3355:
3348:
3343:
3336:
3331:
3324:
3319:
3312:
3307:
3300:
3295:
3288:
3283:
3281:
3273:
3268:
3261:
3256:
3254:
3246:
3241:
3234:
3229:
3222:
3217:
3210:
3205:
3198:
3193:
3186:
3181:
3174:
3169:
3162:
3157:
3155:
3148:, p. 55.
3147:
3142:
3135:
3130:
3123:
3118:
3111:
3106:
3099:
3094:
3088:, p. 99.
3087:
3082:
3076:, p. 54.
3075:
3070:
3063:
3058:
3051:
3046:
3039:
3034:
3027:
3022:
3015:
3010:
3003:
2998:
2991:
2986:
2979:
2974:
2967:
2962:
2955:
2950:
2944:, p. 91.
2943:
2938:
2931:
2926:
2919:
2914:
2908:, p. 34.
2907:
2902:
2896:, p. 52.
2895:
2890:
2888:
2886:
2878:
2873:
2866:
2861:
2854:
2849:
2843:, p. 51.
2842:
2837:
2830:
2825:
2818:
2813:
2806:
2801:
2795:, p. 83.
2794:
2789:
2782:
2777:
2770:
2765:
2759:, p. 50.
2758:
2753:
2746:
2741:
2735:, p. 71.
2734:
2729:
2722:
2717:
2710:
2705:
2698:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2682:, p. 61.
2681:
2676:
2669:
2664:
2657:
2652:
2645:
2640:
2633:
2628:
2621:
2616:
2609:
2604:
2597:
2592:
2585:
2580:
2573:
2568:
2561:
2556:
2549:
2544:
2538:, p. 54.
2537:
2532:
2525:
2520:
2513:
2508:
2501:
2496:
2489:
2484:
2477:
2472:
2465:
2460:
2454:, p. 48.
2453:
2448:
2441:
2436:
2430:, p. 54.
2429:
2424:
2418:, p. 52.
2417:
2412:
2405:
2400:
2393:
2388:
2381:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2365:, p. 49.
2364:
2359:
2352:
2347:
2340:
2335:
2329:, p. 47.
2328:
2323:
2316:
2311:
2305:, p. 43.
2304:
2299:
2292:
2287:
2280:
2275:
2268:
2263:
2256:
2251:
2245:, p. 40.
2244:
2239:
2237:
2230:, p. 90.
2229:
2224:
2217:
2212:
2205:
2200:
2193:
2188:
2181:
2176:
2169:
2164:
2157:
2152:
2145:
2140:
2133:
2128:
2121:
2116:
2114:
2106:
2101:
2094:
2089:
2082:
2077:
2070:
2065:
2058:
2053:
2047:, p. 16.
2046:
2041:
2034:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2017:
2016:Knighton 2008
2012:
2005:
2000:
1993:
1988:
1981:
1976:
1969:
1964:
1957:
1952:
1950:
1942:
1937:
1930:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1913:
1912:Williams 1959
1908:
1906:
1899:, p. 62.
1898:
1893:
1891:
1883:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1832:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1805:
1804:Monmouthshire
1800:
1794:
1789:
1785:
1773:
1769:
1768:Captain Blood
1764:
1757:
1756:Peter Warlock
1751:
1744:
1738:
1728:
1721:
1715:
1706:
1699:
1693:
1683:
1674:
1665:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1640:
1633:
1629:
1623:
1616:
1610:
1603:
1597:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1576:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1556:
1550:
1541:
1537:
1534:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1520:
1517:
1513:
1512:
1508:
1499:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1475:
1470:
1464:
1462:
1457:
1449:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1430:landed gentry
1427:
1422:
1417:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1386:
1384:
1383:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1371:
1366:
1365:
1360:
1359:
1354:
1353:
1348:
1347:
1342:
1341:
1340:Captain Blood
1336:
1332:
1331:
1326:
1322:
1321:
1316:
1312:
1311:
1310:Captain Blood
1306:
1297:
1296:
1295:Captain Blood
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1239:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1218:
1216:
1215:
1208:
1206:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1193:state funeral
1190:
1186:
1176:
1174:
1169:
1166:
1161:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1140:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1120:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1101:
1100:
1094:
1090:
1088:
1084:
1078:
1075:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1063:Privy Council
1058:
1056:
1052:
1046:
1043:
1034:
1025:
1023:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
996:
994:
990:
986:
980:
978:
974:
970:
962:
958:
949:
945:
943:
933:
929:
927:
926:Robert Searle
922:
920:
916:
912:
911:Chagres River
908:
904:
900:
896:
891:
889:
881:
880:
875:
870:
865:
855:
853:
849:
844:
840:
838:
834:
830:
822:
818:
813:
809:
807:
801:
799:
795:
789:
783:
779:
775:
771:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
727:
724:
720:
716:
712:
709:
705:
701:
694:
690:
686:
682:
677:
667:
665:
656:
652:
650:
646:
640:
636:
634:
630:
624:
614:
608:
603:
599:
597:
593:
587:
585:
582:(now part of
581:
576:
568:
564:
559:
549:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
526:
524:
518:
516:
512:
511:
506:
502:
497:
494:
489:
485:
480:
478:
474:
470:
465:
457:
452:
443:
441:
437:
433:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
407:
405:
401:
400:
395:
391:
387:
383:
382:Monmouthshire
379:
369:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
318:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
287:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
260:modern Panamá
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
218:in the early
217:
213:
209:
205:
204:Monmouthshire
200:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
171:
160:
156:
152:
143:
140:
137:
133:
129:
125:
122:
119:
115:
112:
111:
106:
102:
91:
87:
82:
81:Monmouthshire
78:
74:
62:
58:
54:
48:
43:
36:
33:
29:
22:
7863:1630s births
7822:
7695:Pirate Round
7675:
7646:Space pirate
7620:Treasure map
7539:
7532:
7525:
7518:
7511:
7504:
7497:
7490:
7483:
7476:
7469:
7462:
7455:
7410:Roronoa Zoro
7360:Jack Sparrow
7300:Captain Nemo
7295:Captain Hook
7217:
7209:
7185:
7055:
7012:
7004:
6995:
6986:
6977:
6964:
6947:Dai Hong Dan
6946:
6938:
6931:
6923:
6915:
6902:
6883:
6702:
6697:Whydah Gally
6695:
6688:
6681:
6674:
6667:
6660:
6653:
6648:Ganj-i-Sawai
6646:
6639:
6632:
6625:
6618:
6612:Pirate ships
6564:Luis Fajardo
6549:James Brooke
6539:David Porter
6511:Zheng Yi Sao
6486:William Kidd
6441:Stede Bonnet
6426:Shap-ng-tsai
6406:Samuel Mason
6326:Peter Easton
6276:Mary Lindsey
6226:Lai Choi San
6216:Joseph Barss
6211:Joseph Baker
6181:John Hawkins
6176:Johanna HĂĄrd
6166:Jean Lafitte
6161:Jan Janszoon
6151:Israel Hands
6131:Henry Morgan
6130:
6121:Henri Caesar
6036:Dirk Chivers
5971:Black Caesar
5896:Abshir Boyah
5767:Other waters
5748:Persian Gulf
5736:Somali Coast
5724:Indian Ocean
5696:Spanish Main
5611:River pirate
5589:Moro pirates
5564:Child pirate
5489:21st century
5398:Zheng Yi Sao
5368:Henry Morgan
5367:
5363:Samuel Mason
5343:Jean Lafitte
5338:William Kidd
5323:Bill Johnson
5288:Israel Hands
5198:Stede Bonnet
5183:Joseph Baker
5127:Thomas Lynch
5115:
5110:
5084:
5079:
5053:
5048:
5043:Thomas Lynch
5021:, Data Wales
4998:(2): 30–37.
4995:
4989:
4962:
4958:
4921:
4917:
4884:
4878:
4850:
4844:
4814:. Retrieved
4800:
4774:. Retrieved
4760:
4742:. Retrieved
4732:
4713:. Retrieved
4707:
4691:. Retrieved
4685:
4669:. Retrieved
4664:
4649:. Retrieved
4645:
4630:. Retrieved
4626:
4602:. Retrieved
4588:
4570:. Retrieved
4565:
4553:
4541:. Retrieved
4537:
4521:. Retrieved
4517:the original
4504:
4492:. Retrieved
4468:. Retrieved
4454:
4436:. Retrieved
4432:
4416:. Retrieved
4412:
4393:. Retrieved
4386:
4370:. Retrieved
4365:
4336:
4317:
4297:
4276:
4256:
4235:
4230:Pope, Dudley
4211:
4188:
4168:
4148:
4128:
4125:Latimer, Jon
4105:
4085:
4065:
4044:
4020:
3999:
3980:
3959:
3938:
3915:
3896:
3877:
3857:, 4039–4047.
3850:
3838:
3826:
3799:
3787:
3775:
3768:Cornell 2014
3763:
3751:
3739:
3727:
3715:
3703:
3696:Firaxis 2004
3691:
3679:
3667:
3640:
3628:
3616:
3609:Pringle 2001
3604:
3592:
3580:
3573:Pringle 2001
3568:
3561:Pringle 2001
3556:
3544:
3532:
3520:
3508:
3496:
3484:
3472:
3460:
3453:Latimer 2009
3448:
3436:
3424:. Retrieved
3419:
3410:
3401:
3378:
3366:
3354:
3342:
3335:Cundall 1936
3330:
3318:
3306:
3301:, 3879–3885.
3294:
3267:
3260:Burnard 2004
3240:
3228:
3216:
3204:
3192:
3180:
3168:
3141:
3129:
3117:
3105:
3093:
3081:
3069:
3057:
3045:
3038:Barbour 1911
3033:
3021:
3014:Barbour 1911
3009:
3002:Francis 2006
2997:
2985:
2973:
2961:
2949:
2937:
2925:
2913:
2901:
2872:
2860:
2848:
2836:
2824:
2812:
2800:
2788:
2776:
2764:
2752:
2740:
2728:
2716:
2709:Barbour 1911
2704:
2675:
2663:
2651:
2639:
2627:
2622:, 1652–1680.
2615:
2603:
2591:
2579:
2567:
2562:, 1524–1534.
2555:
2550:, 1410–1425.
2543:
2531:
2519:
2507:
2495:
2483:
2471:
2459:
2447:
2435:
2423:
2411:
2399:
2387:
2358:
2351:Barbour 1911
2346:
2334:
2322:
2310:
2298:
2286:
2274:
2262:
2250:
2223:
2211:
2199:
2187:
2175:
2163:
2156:Latimer 2009
2151:
2139:
2127:
2100:
2088:
2081:Latimer 2009
2076:
2069:Latimer 2009
2064:
2052:
2040:
2011:
1999:
1987:
1982:, p. 4.
1980:Latimer 2009
1975:
1963:
1936:
1929:Blalock 2000
1799:
1788:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1750:
1737:
1727:
1719:
1714:
1705:
1692:
1682:
1673:
1664:
1648:
1644:
1639:
1631:
1622:
1609:
1604:(1665–1667).
1596:
1589:Lord Windsor
1575:
1567:
1563:
1549:
1539:
1532:
1529:Pope, Dudley
1522:
1515:
1507:
1498:
1483:Welsh county
1472:
1446:
1442:
1433:
1421:Peter Leeson
1418:
1388:In 1944 the
1387:
1380:
1374:
1368:
1362:
1356:
1350:
1344:
1338:
1328:
1318:
1308:
1301:
1293:
1280:
1275:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1256:
1250:
1219:
1212:
1209:
1201:
1182:
1170:
1162:
1147:
1137:
1121:
1111:
1107:
1105:
1097:
1096:Report from
1079:
1071:
1059:
1047:
1039:
1021:
997:
981:
977:Thomas Lynch
966:
946:
938:
923:
892:
885:
877:
845:
841:
836:
832:
828:
826:
805:
802:
800:would work.
797:
790:
786:
755:
730:
729:The loss of
728:
718:
714:
697:
661:
649:human shield
641:
637:
633:Spanish Main
626:
611:
588:
572:
546:Fort Charles
527:
519:
508:
498:
481:
461:
440:privateering
408:
397:
375:
324:in November
319:
307:peace treaty
288:
201:
199:on Jamaica.
185:Spanish Main
159:Harri Morgan
150:
149:
127:Years active
108:
94:(1688-08-25)
71:most likely
39:Henry Morgan
32:
7868:1688 deaths
7610:Pirate code
7585:Keelhauling
7573:Jolly Roger
7435:Will Turner
7370:José Gaspar
7270:Barbe Rouge
7167:Slave trade
6421:Sister Ping
6351:Rachel Wall
6146:Huang Bamei
6126:Henry Every
6081:FĹ«ma KotarĹŤ
6076:Flying Gang
5991:Calico Jack
5981:Bully Hayes
5784:Falcon Lake
5758:Nosy Boraha
5616:Sea Beggars
5604:Confederate
5574:Filibusters
5308:Huang Bamei
5283:John Halsey
5253:Henry Every
5218:Calico Jack
4991:Archaeology
4715:22 November
4693:17 November
4671:22 November
4632:14 November
4572:13 November
4543:17 November
4494:16 November
4470:10 November
4438:22 November
4418:22 November
4372:16 November
4366:Afi Catalog
4169:Ian Fleming
3855:Thomas 2014
3819:Galvin 2012
3792:Matson 2008
3708:Curtis 2007
3645:Lycett 1996
3323:Thomas 2014
3311:Thomas 2014
3299:Thomas 2014
2930:Thomas 2014
2817:Thomas 2014
2745:Thomas 2014
2721:Paxman 2011
2620:Thomas 2014
2596:Thomas 2014
2584:Thomas 2014
2560:Thomas 2014
2548:Thomas 2014
2500:Thomas 2014
2392:Thomas 2014
2339:Thomas 2014
2315:Little 2007
2168:Thomas 2014
2144:Thomas 2014
2120:Thomas 2014
2093:Thomas 2014
1743:Inquisition
1698:Panama City
1630:'s history
1560:Jon Latimer
1367:(1961) and
1325:Ian Fleming
1320:Cup of Gold
1272:Howard Pyle
1270:(1883) and
1128:Hans Sloane
1074:martial law
915:Panama City
852:prize money
764:powder kegs
700:ĂŽle-Ă -Vache
629:Porto Bello
607:Porto Bello
501:John Morris
423:West Indies
348:, a former
295:Panama City
256:Porto Bello
222:during the
212:West Indies
189:prize money
166: 1635
67: 1635
7928:Port Royal
7878:Privateers
7857:Categories
7769:Categories
7745:Privateers
7707:Matelotage
7641:Air pirate
7605:Pet parrot
7457:The Pirate
7405:Nico Robin
7325:Davy Jones
7265:Tom Ayrton
7239:Pirates in
7128:Piracy Act
7097:Piracy law
7013:North Star
6676:My Revenge
6529:Angelo Emo
6491:Zheng Jing
6456:Thomas Tew
6251:Lo Hon-cho
6071:Flora Burn
6051:Edward Low
6021:Dan Seavey
6016:Chui A-poo
5976:Blackbeard
5921:Anne Bonny
5859:Saint-Malo
5839:Port Royal
5824:Libertatia
5636:Ushkuyniks
5599:Privateers
5594:Narentines
5554:Buccaneers
5484:Golden Age
5358:Edward Low
5353:Lo Hon-cho
5233:Chui A-poo
5203:Anne Bonny
5193:Blackbeard
5120:1680–1682
5058:1674–1675
4828:required.)
4816:13 October
4788:required.)
4776:10 October
4744:10 October
4616:required.)
4604:11 January
4482:required.)
4395:10 October
3843:Burke 2018
3831:Burke 2017
3575:, 869–876.
3537:Allen 1976
3525:Allen 1976
3489:Allen 1976
3426:29 January
3371:Talty 2007
3221:Allen 1976
3173:Talty 2007
3110:Allen 1976
3026:Allen 1976
2966:Gosse 2007
2954:Talty 2007
2906:Patel 2013
2865:Earle 2007
2853:Talty 2007
2829:Earle 2007
2805:Allen 1976
2781:Gosse 2007
2668:Gosse 2007
2656:Talty 2007
2644:Talty 2007
2632:Talty 2007
2608:Talty 2007
2572:Talty 2007
2524:Talty 2007
2512:Talty 2007
2488:Talty 2007
2464:Talty 2007
2428:Allen 1976
2363:Allen 1976
2228:Talty 2007
2192:Gosse 2007
2132:Talty 2007
2105:Allen 1976
2057:Allen 1976
2045:Allen 1976
2004:Talty 2007
1941:Gosse 2007
1781:References
1585:Charles II
1487:Llanrumney
1416:, Belize.
1236:See also:
1197:Palisadoes
1189:Port Maria
1017:Anglicised
961:Charles II
745:, both on
708:Royal Navy
538:Willemstad
505:Port Royal
427:apprentice
413:, sent by
378:Llanrumney
372:Early life
315:Charles II
135:Later work
117:Allegiance
73:Llanrumney
7590:Marooning
7218:Brillante
7007:hijacking
6998:hijacking
6989:hijacking
6980:hijacking
6281:Mary Read
6186:John Hoar
6056:Eli Boggs
6026:Diabolito
5807:and bases
5743:Indonesia
5708:Venezuela
5686:Caribbean
5248:Diabolito
4946:145105515
4909:145510457
4651:6 January
4232:(1978) .
4042:(2010) .
3936:(2006) .
3804:Lane 2000
3660:Hold 2005
3477:Pope 1978
3441:Pope 1978
3359:Pope 1978
3287:Pope 1978
3233:Pope 1978
3197:Pope 1978
3161:Pope 1978
3098:Pope 1978
3062:Pope 1978
3050:Pope 1978
2990:Pope 1978
2918:Pope 1978
2877:Pope 1978
2769:Pope 1978
2476:Pope 1978
2440:Pope 1978
2380:Pope 1978
2267:Pope 1978
2216:Pope 1978
1897:Pope 1978
1568:buccaneer
1426:Kris Lane
1406:Clarendon
1396:brand of
1274:'s work,
1165:enslaving
1116:affidavit
794:fire ship
782:Maracaibo
743:Gibraltar
739:Maracaibo
693:Venezuela
685:Maracaibo
276:Gibraltar
272:Venezuela
268:Maracaibo
173:privateer
130:1663–1671
7842:Category
7568:Eyepatch
7440:Zanzibar
7415:Sandokan
7395:Mr. Smee
7260:Askeladd
7188:Incident
7058:incident
6967:incident
6949:incident
6941:incident
6886:incident
6501:Zheng Yi
6496:Zheng Qi
6476:Wang Zhi
6356:Redbeard
6246:Limahong
6196:John Pro
6101:Gan Ning
5986:Cai Qian
5794:Sulu Sea
5621:Sea Dogs
5004:41804641
4981:41850027
4938:41857270
4901:41857267
4727:(1959).
4523:13 April
4210:(2011).
4127:(2009).
1647:was the
1531:(1978).
1361:(1961),
1355:(1952),
1349:(1942),
1343:(1935),
1110:(trans:
886:In 1669
837:Magdalen
829:Magdalen
806:Magdalen
798:Magdalen
471:and the
432:Barbados
7806:Pirates
7735:Pirates
7243:culture
7241:popular
7186:Amistad
6987:Zafirah
6690:Saladin
6522:hunters
6311:Ng Akew
5911:Alfhild
5884:Pirates
5864:Tortuga
5646:Vikings
5542:Algiers
5471:Periods
5166:Pirates
4867:1834836
3990:3262925
3864:Sources
3325:, 3970.
3313:, 3949.
2932:, 2863.
2819:, 2453.
2747:, 2110.
2598:, 1657.
2502:, 1346.
2394:, 1171.
2341:, 1113.
1732:peers".
1615:Cartago
1491:Cardiff
1055:Tortuga
919:isthmus
903:Chagres
833:Soledad
711:frigate
580:Tortuga
575:England
542:militia
534:Curaçao
475:on the
354:torture
350:Flemish
299:isthmus
208:Cardiff
83:, Wales
77:Cardiff
7796:Piracy
7702:Mutiny
7600:Pegleg
7551:Tropes
7449:Novels
7345:Franky
7015:affair
6579:Pompey
6520:Pirate
6461:Veborg
5946:Awilda
5834:Mamora
5641:Uskoks
5463:Piracy
5116:acting
5085:acting
5054:acting
5002:
4979:
4944:
4936:
4907:
4899:
4865:
4822:
4782:
4610:
4476:
4343:
4324:
4305:
4284:
4263:
4244:
4218:
4212:Empire
4196:
4175:
4156:
4135:
4113:
4092:
4073:
4052:
4028:
4007:
3988:
3967:
3946:
3922:
3903:
3884:
3611:, 963.
3563:, 869.
2170:, 756.
2146:, 738.
2122:, 568.
2095:, 563.
1564:pirate
1410:Roatán
1402:Diageo
1232:Legacy
1132:dropsy
987:, the
731:Oxford
719:Oxford
715:Oxford
515:Edward
366:pirate
340:until
274:, and
262:). In
254:) and
230:, the
7728:Lists
7430:Usopp
7420:Sanji
7056:Quest
6965:Irene
6924:Fancy
6916:Bravo
6634:Fancy
6446:Teuta
6386:Rusla
5829:Lundy
5670:Areas
5656:Wokou
5089:1678
5000:JSTOR
4977:JSTOR
4942:S2CID
4934:JSTOR
4905:S2CID
4897:JSTOR
4863:JSTOR
3870:Books
1479:Wales
1453:Notes
1013:Welsh
756:Lilly
664:pesos
645:libel
584:Haiti
358:libel
278:, on
220:1660s
170:Welsh
155:Welsh
7721:Meta
7400:Nami
7152:1850
7148:1837
7144:1721
7140:1717
7136:1698
7132:1536
6932:Anne
6704:York
6031:Dido
5504:2024
5499:2023
5494:2022
5125:Sir
5041:Sir
4818:2016
4778:2016
4746:2016
4717:2021
4695:2016
4673:2021
4653:2017
4634:2016
4606:2017
4574:2016
4545:2016
4525:2007
4496:2016
4472:2016
4440:2021
4420:2021
4397:2016
4374:2016
4341:ISBN
4322:ISBN
4303:ISBN
4282:ISBN
4261:ISBN
4242:ISBN
4216:ISBN
4194:ISBN
4173:ISBN
4154:ISBN
4133:ISBN
4111:ISBN
4090:ISBN
4071:ISBN
4050:ISBN
4026:ISBN
4005:ISBN
3986:OCLC
3965:ISBN
3944:ISBN
3920:ISBN
3901:ISBN
3882:ISBN
3428:2022
1770:and
1645:peso
1566:and
1467:The
1379:and
1333:and
1313:and
897:and
823:1669
760:fuse
741:and
687:and
482:Sir
454:Sir
404:pike
362:1688
342:1683
326:1674
311:1672
291:1671
264:1668
252:Cuba
240:1667
193:loot
191:and
89:Died
60:Born
7003:MV
6994:MT
6985:MT
4967:doi
4926:doi
4889:doi
4855:doi
4807:doi
4767:doi
4595:doi
4538:IGN
4461:doi
1398:rum
1249:'s
1214:sic
1152:of
876:'s
819:at
586:).
510:sic
289:In
286:.
7859::
7150:,
7146:,
7142:,
7138:,
7134:,
4996:66
4994:.
4975:.
4963:74
4961:.
4957:.
4940:.
4932:.
4922:85
4920:.
4903:.
4895:.
4885:85
4883:.
4861:.
4851:16
4849:.
4799:.
4759:.
4737:.
4731:.
4706:.
4684:.
4663:.
4644:.
4625:.
4587:.
4564:.
4536:.
4453:.
4431:.
4411:.
4385:.
4364:.
3811:^
3652:^
3418:.
3390:^
3279:^
3252:^
3153:^
2884:^
2687:^
2370:^
2235:^
2112:^
2023:^
1948:^
1919:^
1904:^
1889:^
1838:^
1811:^
1460:^
1385:.
1089:.
979:.
921:.
713:,
479:.
317:.
270:,
163:c.
161:;
157::
75:,
64:c.
7154:)
7130:(
7109:)
7105:(
5455:e
5448:t
5441:v
5158:e
5151:t
5144:v
5006:.
4983:.
4969::
4948:.
4928::
4911:.
4891::
4869:.
4857::
4820:.
4809::
4780:.
4769::
4748:.
4719:.
4697:.
4675:.
4655:.
4636:.
4608:.
4597::
4576:.
4547:.
4527:.
4498:.
4474:.
4463::
4442:.
4422:.
4399:.
4376:.
4349:.
4330:.
4311:.
4290:.
4269:.
4250:.
4224:.
4202:.
4181:.
4162:.
4141:.
4119:.
4098:.
4079:.
4058:.
4034:.
4013:.
3992:.
3973:.
3952:.
3928:.
3909:.
3890:.
3845:.
3833:.
3794:.
3782:.
3758:.
3734:.
3722:.
3698:.
3686:.
3674:.
3503:.
3467:.
3430:.
3405:.
3262:.
2035:.
2018:.
1931:.
1914:.
1884:.
1806:.
1758:.
1542:.
1535:.
1525:.
1518:.
882:)
153:(
30:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.