80:
2418:. The most classy content that has created new audiences who were not looking for Hindi poetry or Hindi content is Hindi Kavita. This movement started in 2014 by Manish Gupta has generated an entirely new market and brought many projects to the fore. Many award-winning poets, scholars, journalists and celebrities from film, television and theatre have come forward to support the cause and take it further. Hindi Kavita has also made significant contributions to Indian film music. Several famous musical masterpieces have been witnessed.
2308:, represents the adolescence of Hindi Poetry. It is marked by beauty of expression and flow of intense emotion. The four representative poets of this era represent the best in Hindi Poetry. A unique feature of this period is the emotional (and sometimes active) attachment of poets with national freedom struggle, their effort to understand and imbibe the vast spirit of a magnificent ancient culture and their towering genius which grossly overshadowed all the literary 'talked abouts' of next seven decades.
3483:
1597:
3812:"Geeta Kavita - Collection of Poems, Articles, Geet, Geeta Kavya Madhuri, Geeta, Devnagri script, Geeta, Rajiv Krishna Saxena, Rajiv Saxena, Rajeev Saxena, kavita geeta, kavita gita, Kavita, Kavita, Poems, famous indian poets, famous poets, Kavi, kavita, Geeta. Gita, Geeta, Gita, contemplation, dharma, spirituality, bharat, Dharamvir Bharati, Rajiv K. Saxena, Rajiv Saxena, Rajeev Saksena, Celestial Song Srimad Bhagvat Geeta Bhagvad Gita translation into metered Hindi verses, Geeta Kavya Madhuri"
2251:
aesthetic considerations are secondary. Imagination, originality, poetic sensibility and expression are wanting, the metre is restrictive, the idiom clumsy." She adds, however, that the period was important for laying the foundations to the modern Hindi poetry and that it did reflect sensitivity to social issues of the time. However, she also adds that the inelegance is a typical feature of a "young" poetry, as she considers Modern Hindi.
3298:
142:
39:
2185:
502:
2540:
As the
Independence struggle was gathering steam playwrights broaching issues of nationalism and subversive ideas against the British, yet to dodge censorship they adapted themes from mythology, history and legend and used them as vehicle for political messages, a trend that continues to date, though
2369:
all poets of note in their own right. Apart from being poets, Nalin
Vilochan and Kesari Kumar were also brilliant critics, with a wide perspective on literary history. Their critical attitude is marked by a synthesis or coordination of various disciplines of human knowledge – philosophy, history, art
2250:
Some scholars have labelled much of the poetry of this period as "versified propaganda". According to Lucy
Rosenstein: "It is verse of public statement; its language is functional but aesthetically unappealing. Earnestly concerned with social issues and moral values, it is puritanical poetry in which
1798:
to describe this dialect. Others such as
Roustami, Nishati etc. preferred to call it Deccani. Shah Buharnuddin Janam Bijapuri used to call it Hindi. The first Deccani author was Khwaja Bandanawaz Gesudaraz Muhammad Hasan. He wrote three prose works – Mirazul Aashkini, Hidayatnama and Risala Sehwara.
3442:
Born in
Kashmir, he came to Calcutta and started Bharat Mitra in 1878. In 1879, he began another weekly magazine- Saar Sudhanidhi but it closed down in that same year. On 17 August 1880, he started a 3rd weekly- Ucchit Vakta- meaning Right or Best Time. Ucchit Vakta focused on spreading the truth
2026:
literature. This era is called Riti (meaning 'procedure') because it was the age when poetic figures and theory were developed to the fullest. But this emphasis on poetry theory greatly reduced the emotional aspects of poetry—the main characteristic of the Bhakti movement—and the actual content of
3433:
Malviya was a great patriot and his love for his country was seen in all of his writings. He also contributed to Aaj, and helped to found the
Hindustan Times in 1933, along with its Hindi counterpart Hindustan. Babu Gulabrai (17 January 1888 – 13 April 1963) (pen name: Gulabrai MA) was one of the
3418:
was born in 1861 in
Allahabad to a Brahmin family. From 1885 to 1887 was the editor of Indian Opinion. He was a strong supporter of the Congress. He helped launch the newspaper Dainik Hindustan and was its editor from 1887 to 1889. He was a close friend of many eminent Hindi writers like Gopalram
3467:
During the 1971 war, Bharati reported from the frontlines of the battle. He covered all the horrors of the war. His series of reports, the finest in Hindi war journalism, were published under the title of 'Yudh Yatra'. As an honest and dedicated reporter, Bharati was unrivaled. After the war, he
3422:
Along with Bal Mukund Gupta, he launched an Urdu journal 'Kohinoor' from Lahore. In those days, Gupta was not a facile Hindi scholar, but under
Malviya's training, Gupta became editor of Bharat Mitra. In 1908, Malviya founded a new revolutionary journal Abhyudaya from Prayag. The renowned writer
2254:
Without a poetic tradition in modern Hindi, poets often modeled their forms on Braj, and later on
Sanskrit, Urdu, Bengali and English forms, often ill-suited to Hindi. The subjects of the poems tended to be communal rather than personal. Characters were often presented not as individuals but as
3406:
KVS was acknowledged to be the finest literary journal in any Indian language of that time, and was on par with the best of
English journals. Bharatendu kept the journal up until his death 1885. Because of his extraordinary achievements, he is considered the most prolific Hindi journalist.
2207:, who is considered the most revered figure in the world of Hindi fiction and progressive movement. Before Premchand, the Hindi literature revolved around fairy or magical tales, entertaining stories and religious themes. Premchand's novels have been translated into many other languages.
2553:
did in the 1970s–80s. Post-independence the emerging republic threw up new issues for playwrights to tackle and express, and Hindi playwriting showed greater brevity and symbolism, but it was not as prolific as in case with Hindi poetry or fiction. Yet we have playwrights like
3402:
began his career as a journalist at the age of 17. Published Kavi Vachan Sudha (1867) a monthly dedicated to ancient and medieval poetry. Published Harishchandra Magazine in 1873 – a general interest magazine. Published Bala Bodhini from 1874 – for women and young girls.
2226:, who played a major role in establishing the modern Hindi language in poetry and broadening the acceptable subjects of the Hindi poetry from the traditional ones of religion and romantic love. He encouraged poetry in Hindi dedicated to nationalism and social reform.
3446:
Mishra underwent a lot of difficulties trying to bring out a critical publication at the time of the British Raj. At times he was the editor, writer and also sold the paper himself. He was an inspiration for many journalists, particularly Bal Mukund Gupta.
2027:
the poetry became less important. The Saguna School of the Bhakti Yug split into two schools (Rama bhakti and Krishna bhakti) somewhere in the interregnum of the Bhakti and the Reeti Eras. Although most Reeti works were outwardly related to
2005:
and was also a great devotee of Krishna. The Nirgun School of Bhakti Poetry was also tremendously secular in nature and its propounders like Kabir and Guru Nanak had a large number of followers irrespective of caste or religion.
2541:
now it was employed to bring out social, personal and psychological issues rather than clearly political, though street theatre broke this trend in coming decades in post-independence era, like IPTA-inspired, Naya Theatre of
2653:
and preference for agricultural society over the age of machines, his romantic outlook, aesthetic sensibility, his keen eye on contemporary reality and classical style place him very high among contemporary essayists in
3463:
He began his journalist career in Abhyudaya, a journal by Padmakant Malviya. He then joined Sangam, edited by Ilachand Joshi and then became editor of Dharmayug. Thanks to Bharati, this journal became very popular.
3459:
graduated in BA (first class) in 1945 and in 1947 completed his MA in Hindi literature (first class) and finally did his PhD from Allahabad University. For some time he was principal of Allahabad University.
3793:
2235:
in 1903, the first Hindi monthly magazine of India, which was established in 1900. He used it to crusade for reforms in the Hindi literature. One of the most prominent poems of the period was
1625:
716:
2434:(Hindi: हरिशंकर परसाई) (22 August 1924 – 1995) was a Hindi writer. He was a noted satirist and humorist of modern Hindi literature and is known for his simple and direct style.,
3471:
Bharati was also famous as a short story writer, poet, essayist and novelist. The best known of his works are 'Band Galli ka Aakhiri Makaan', 'Andha Yug', 'Kunpriya'.
2388:
1618:
1893:
The Bhakti period also marked great theoretical development in poetry forms chiefly from a mixture of older forms of poetry. These included Verse Patterns like
1794:
script. Nevertheless, the Hindavi literature can be considered proto-Hindi literature. Many Deccani experts like Sheikh Ashraf or Mulla Vajahi used the word
1964:
and others and was a logical extension of the Dvaita and Vishishta Advaita Philosophy propounded by the likes of Madhavacharya etc. This school was chiefly
3496:
1611:
1993:
This was also the age of tremendous integration between the Hindu and the Islamic elements in the Arts with the advent of many Muslim Bhakti poets like
3544:"Hindi Language, Hindi Language Of India, Hindi Official Language Of India, Hindi Boli, Devnagri, Mother Tongue Of India, History Of Hindi Literature"
2458:
2320:
755:
like Awadhi, and Marwari languages. Hindi literature is composed in three broad styles- गद्य (Gadya-prose), पद्य( Padya- poetry) and चम्प्पू (Campū -
2489:
was a major Hindi and Maithili poet who has also penned a number of novels, short stories, literary biographies and travelogues, and was known as ("
3637:
2055:
3588:
501:
2477:
was one of the greatest travelled scholars of India, spending forty-five years of his life on travels away from his home. He is known as the (
759:.) In terms of historical development, it is broadly classified into five prominent forms (genres) based on the date of production. They are:
2570:), who displayed a steadily evolving understanding of stagecraft. These were followed another generation of pioneers in Hindi playwrighting,
723:
1736:
and Nathpanthi poetical works belonging to this period are also found, but their genuineness is again, doubted. The Siddhas belonged to the
4741:
4021:
2411:
2133:
in 1888, is considered the first authentic work of prose in modern Hindi. The person who brought realism in the Hindi prose literature was
3989:
3430:
After Abhyudaya, Malviya founded a monthly magazine 'Maryada', in 1909 he founded a daily 'Leader' and later on another daily – 'Bharat'.
2092:
484:
2035:
3581:
3767:
4782:
4142:
3600:
3362:
206:
2410:
Many attempts have been made to document Hindi poetry. Some of the most comprehensive online collections for Hindi poetry are
4524:
3932:
3751:
3674:
3334:
178:
3618:
4381:
2430:
in Hindi. Vyangya writings includes the essence of sarcasm and humour. Some of the better known writers in this genre are,
3715:
4376:
3957:
2899:(1823–1913), author of about fifty kavya-granthas and thousands of padas, he is known as Bhismpitama of the Hindi poetry.
3341:
185:
4772:
4371:
1909:(Heroic Poetry), the Bhakti Yug marked a much more diverse and vibrant form of poetry which spanned the whole gamut of
697:
4095:
4081:
4067:
4031:
4010:
3381:
3315:
3058:
2282:
243:
225:
159:
123:
101:
66:
52:
94:
4736:
3348:
192:
4777:
4419:
4396:
936:
477:
2617:
is one of the writers who dedicated themselves entirely to the form of essay-writing. His collections of essays
4486:
3865:
3319:
1905:. Unlike the Adi Kaal (also called the Vir Gatha Kaal) which was characterised by an overdose of Poetry in the
1570:
612:
163:
3847:
3561:
1721:, were the other prominent literary figures in this period. However, after Prithviraj Chauhan's defeat in the
3330:
2301:
was another great poet with some Chayavaadi element in his poetry although he wrote in other genres as well.
2298:
174:
1729:. Very few scriptures and manuscripts from this period are available and their genuineness is also doubted.
4491:
3152:
2673:
709:
538:
510:
1565:
1507:
992:
888:
1683:), is considered one of the first works in the Bhraj Bhasha literature.Chand Bardai was a court poet of
4767:
4648:
4481:
4391:
4135:
3500:
2146:
1560:
621:
470:
329:
4721:
4517:
4000:
2454:
1471:
1376:
1221:
1105:
388:
316:
277:
2137:, who is considered the most revered figure in the world of Hindi fiction and progressive movement.
4199:
3691:
3399:
3211:
2902:
2346:
2158:
1994:
1535:
692:
88:
4696:
4435:
3308:
2506:
2361:, a school deriving its nomenclature from the first letters of the names of its three pioneers –
1722:
152:
1819:
4680:
4440:
4307:
4284:
4236:
3506:
3424:
2932:
2555:
2223:
1287:
1132:
941:
641:
105:
3355:
1744:. Some scholars argue that the language of Siddha poetry is not an earlier form of Hindi, but
199:
4466:
4403:
4128:
4090:, by Ronald Stuart McGregor. Faculty of Asian Studies, Australian National University, 1981.
3217:
3142:
3114:
3034:
2746:
2667:
2362:
1845:
1456:
1360:
1350:
1282:
1043:
914:
884:
687:
664:
448:
58:
4461:
2957:(1880–1936), considered one of the greatest Hindi novelists of all time. His novels include
1948:. They believed in the concept of Nirgun Nirakaar Brahma or the Shapeless Formless One. The
368:
4726:
4569:
4564:
4510:
4334:
4302:
4214:
4184:
3686:
3415:
3098:
3030:
2990:
2921:
2916:
2236:
2231:
2150:
2130:
2126:
1585:
1436:
1401:
1329:
1245:
1235:
1230:
678:
545:
335:
3578:
1932:
school (the believers of a God with attributes and worshippers of Vishnu's incarnations).
8:
4544:
4259:
4219:
4194:
4167:
3443:(about the British Raj) and fighting for justice. It became very popular for many years.
3240:
3085:
3079:
2983:
1901:(four-liners) etc. This was also the age when Poetry was characterised under the various
1530:
1514:
1502:
1431:
1416:
1406:
1391:
1319:
1273:
1260:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1127:
1090:
1038:
892:
856:
659:
518:
418:
408:
403:
393:
383:
363:
354:
292:
4731:
4643:
4559:
4162:
3771:
3527:
3170:
3068:
3052:
2646:
2474:
2450:
2431:
2290:
2116:
2088:
1684:
1575:
1540:
1484:
1441:
1426:
1411:
1345:
1314:
1255:
1240:
1077:
1068:
1058:
1053:
1033:
946:
650:
443:
423:
413:
373:
325:
268:
3227:(1929–1990) was a versatile Hindi poet, translator, short-story writer and journalist.
4667:
4363:
4264:
4254:
4115:
4091:
4077:
4063:
4027:
4006:
3928:
3747:
3670:
3488:
3456:
3206:
3004:
2885:
2854:
2589:
2522:
2480:
2466:
2465:
were some of the great Indian writers who dedicated themselves entirely to the Hindi
2439:
2278:
2084:
1945:
1902:
1601:
1461:
1451:
1446:
1396:
1381:
1324:
1178:
1153:
1120:
1063:
1048:
896:
453:
438:
428:
345:
302:
261:
27:
3604:
3277:(1940–2021), known for reinventing the ancient form of epic writing in modern prose.
899:, are sometimes regarded as the only basis of modern literature in Hindi (excluding
752:
4711:
4706:
4386:
4297:
4249:
4209:
4177:
3638:"Stop outraging over Marathi – Hindi and English chauvinism is much worse in India"
3280:
3191:
2954:
2773:
2576:
2563:
2546:
2222:("Age of Dwivedi") in Hindi literature lasted from 1900 to 1918. It is named after
2134:
1970:
1860:
1791:
1726:
1696:
1580:
1386:
1296:
1250:
1173:
1115:
1100:
1095:
956:
876:
669:
626:
561:
297:
20:
1844:
were the dialects in which literature was developed. The main works in Avadhi are
1806:
During the later part of this period and early Bhakti Kala, many saint-poets like
4701:
4617:
4549:
4326:
4292:
4269:
3924:
3743:
3662:
3585:
3258:
3092:
2687:
2305:
1941:
1940:
belong to the Nirguna school, and their philosophy was greatly influenced by the
1837:
1787:
1779:
1668:
1466:
1355:
1013:
951:
900:
868:
789:
744:
636:
577:
458:
433:
378:
340:
282:
4762:
4471:
4172:
4023:
The Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature (Volume Two) (Devraj To Jyoti), Volume 2
3719:
3283:(1957–), author of Ret Samadhi which won the International Booker Prize in 2022
3274:
3252:
3245:
3224:
3136:
3104:
2879:
2650:
2642:
2614:
2599:
2286:
2263:
In the 20th century, Hindi literature saw a romantic upsurge. This is known as
1949:
1870:
1771:
1158:
1110:
748:
307:
3961:
3829:
3543:
3095:(1905–1988), An extremely influential figure in 20th-century Hindi literature.
2370:
and culture, all pressed into the service of literary appraisal and analysis.
4756:
4675:
4612:
4602:
4554:
4344:
4204:
3267:
3131:
3126:
2971:
2814:
2603:
2550:
2502:
2486:
2462:
2435:
2400:
2112:
2063:
2051:
2034:, their emphasis had changed from total devotion to the supreme being to the
1998:
1725:, most literary works belonging to this period were destroyed by the army of
1168:
1148:
1008:
880:
566:
3947:
Ardhakathanaka: Half a Tale by Mukund Lath (Translator), Rupa & Co, 2005
2038:
or erotic aspects of Krishna's life—his Leela, his pranks with the Gopis in
287:
4579:
4476:
4339:
3230:
3186:
3176:
3157:
2826:
2682:
2571:
2542:
2383:
Hindi has a rich legacy of poetry ( Shayari ). There are several genres of
2366:
2338:
2099:, called Ain e Akbari ki Bhasha Vachanika, and Rewa Maharaja's treatise on
2096:
1673:
555:
550:
2649:, he was proud of Indian heritage. His love for natural beauty and Indian
2399:
is humorous comic poetry in Hindi. It is particularly famous due to Hindi
4716:
4244:
2965:
2804:
2694:
2108:
1841:
1702:
972:
860:
756:
2161:
hired professors to write books in Hindustani. Some of these books were
4653:
4312:
4189:
4050:, by Ram Awadh Dwivedi. Published by Hindi Pracharak Pustakalaya, 1953.
3009:
2977:
2404:
2325:
2265:
2120:
1937:
1883:
1811:
1756:
582:
2357:
Among the numerous schools of poetry which sprang up in the 1950s was
1814:
became famous. The earliest form of Hindi can also be seen in some of
4274:
4088:
A New Voice for New Times: The Development of Modern Hindi Literature
3687:"Education will lay the foundation of India's future, says President"
2896:
2874:
2784:
2712:
2594:
2204:
2166:
2104:
1965:
1953:
1928:
school (the believers of a formless God or an abstract name) and the
1815:
1737:
1713:, was his court poet. Jagnayak (sometimes Jagnik), the royal poet in
1163:
3297:
2111:
was published in 1809. Lala Srinivas Das published a novel in Hindi
743:: हिन्दी साहित्य, hindī sāhitya) includes literature in the various
141:
4574:
4349:
3661:
Lucy (aka "Ludmila") Rosenstein, editor, translator, author of the
3120:
3015:
2768:
2751:
2154:
1961:
1865:
1855:
1850:
1807:
1775:
1741:
1706:
872:
571:
3007:(1889–1937), poet, novelist, playwright, stalwart of the literary
2864:
2392:
4607:
3074:
2819:
2794:
2758:
2427:
2273:) and the literary figures belonging to this school are known as
2203:
The person who brought realism in the Hindi prose literature was
2059:
2043:
2028:
1987:
1767:(heroic poets) poetry works are also available from this period.
1760:
1748:
1745:
1655:
864:
588:
4074:
Hindi Literature of the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries
3419:
Gehmari, Amrutlal Chakravarty and Pandit Pratap Narayan Mishra.
2525:
became the next big figure in Hindi playwriting with plays like
2184:
4627:
4622:
4322:
3811:
3163:
2959:
2798:
2728:
2722:
2415:
2384:
2197:
2068:
2031:
1957:
1875:
1831:
1733:
1714:
982:
775:
751:. Earliest forms of Hindi literature are attested in poetry of
598:
593:
4076:, by Ronald Stuart McGregor. Published by Harrassowitz, 1974.
4062:, by Ronald Stuart McGregor. Published by Harrassowitz, 1984.
4060:
Hindi Literature from Its Beginnings to the Nineteenth Century
4151:
3619:"'Your article on Hindi chauvinism had factual inaccuracies'"
2840:
2718:
2655:
2189:
2100:
2058:
fit this bill. The most well known book from this age is the
2047:
2023:
2002:
1933:
1910:
1887:
1783:
1718:
1692:
1688:
1663:
1659:
1638:
987:
977:
740:
527:
3071:, (1900–1977) eminent Hindi poet who wrote mainly on nature.
1830:
The medieval Hindi literature is marked by the influence of
4533:
3468:
became editor of 2 more journals- Aalochana and Nikarshak.
2243:, which evokes the past glory of India. Shridhar Prathak's
2039:
1983:
1752:
532:
23:, the specific literature of the Hindu religious tradition.
3255:(1933–1975), prominent Hindi poet and composer of ghazals.
4104:, by Ganga Ram Garg. Published by Concept Pub. Co., 1986.
2641:
have enormously enriched the form of essay. A scholar of
4120:
2807:(1586–1643) who is known for his poetic autobiography -
1968:
in orientation as in seen in the main compositions like
4502:
3055:(1893–1962), the father of Indian travelled literature.
763:Ādi Kāl /Vīr-Gāthā Kāl (आदि काल/वीरगाथा काल) --
3434:
greatest literary figures of modern Hindi literature.
3179:(1922–2000), poet, playwright, one of the pioneers of
2022:
period, the erotic element became predominant in the
3478:
3123:(1911–1998), hailed as Janakavi (The People's Poet).
3497:
Mahatma Gandhi Antarrashtriya Hindi Vishwavidyalaya
3322:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2704:
2698:
2119:in 1886. Shardha Ram Phillauri wrote a Hindi novel
2009:
1705:, the last ruler of Kannauj gave more patronage to
166:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
4056:, by K. B. Jindal. Published by Kitab Mahal, 1955.
3562:"संविधान में हिंदी- डॉ लक्ष्मीमल्ल सिंघवी का आलेख"
2715:(1352–1448), a prominent poet of Eastern dialects.
1709:rather than local dialects. Harsha, the author of
3914:
3912:
3910:
3908:
3667:New Poetry in Hindi: Nayi Kavita: An Introduction
2066:, a collection of Dohas (couplets), dealing with
1886:was also a language commonly used, especially by
4754:
4002:Western tradition and naturalistic Hindi theatre
2140:
2042:, and the description of the physical beauty of
1825:
855:The literature was produced in dialects such as
3733:
3731:
3729:
3525:
803:Rīti Kāl /Śṛṅgār Kāl (रीति काल/ शृंगार काल) --
3905:
3107:(1907–1987), one of the "four pillars" of the
3061:(1896–1961), one of the "four pillars" of the
1834:movement and composition of long, epic poems.
4518:
4136:
3129:(1915–2003), novelist, playwright, author of
2373:
1778:or Hindavi was used. It flourished under the
1619:
717:
478:
3726:
3287:
3189:(1925–1972), novelist, playwright known for
3716:"Indian Poets I Bio-Notes on Hindi Poets I"
2919:(1861–1913), author of mystery novels like
2459:Sachchidananda Hirananda Vatsyayan 'Ajneya'
883:. From the 20th century, works produced in
67:Learn how and when to remove these messages
4525:
4511:
4143:
4129:
4102:An Encyclopaedia of World Hindi Literature
3589:University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign
3209:(1926–1997), a renowned writer, author of
3101:(1907–1979), novelist, literary historian.
2445:
1639:Adi Kal or Vir-Gatha kal (c. 1050 to 1375)
1626:
1612:
724:
710:
485:
471:
3921:Encyclopaedia of Indian literature vol. 2
3382:Learn how and when to remove this message
2421:
2196:(The Art of Magic); Jwala Prakash Press,
812:which are marked with high ornamentalism.
244:Learn how and when to remove this message
226:Learn how and when to remove this message
124:Learn how and when to remove this message
3233:(1929–2005), one of the founders of the
2378:
2247:is another renowned poem of the period.
2183:
87:This article includes a list of general
3657:
3655:
3653:
3651:
3635:
3173:(1922–1995), known for satirical works.
4755:
2609:
2103:. Both books came out in 1795. Munshi
1864:. The major works in Braj dialect are
4506:
4124:
3918:
3636:Daniyal, Shoaib (18 September 2015).
3155:(1921–1977), novelist best known for
3117:(1908–1974), hailed as a Rashtrakavi.
2817:(1595–1664) became famous by writing
1803:. The first Deccani poet was Nizami.
4382:Anti-Hindi agitations of West Bengal
3648:
3320:adding citations to reliable sources
3291:
3145:(1916–1961), one of the pioneers of
2661:
2496:
2050:,(Krishna's Consort). The poetry of
1924:Bhakti poetry had two schools – the
1799:His grandson Abdulla Hussaini wrote
164:adding citations to reliable sources
135:
73:
32:
4377:Anti-Hindi agitations of Tamil Nadu
3737:
3532:(in Sanskrit). sanskritebooks.org/.
2797:(1548–1628), a major figure of the
2721:(1398–1518), a major figure of the
784:Prominent genre in this period was
13:
4372:Anti-Hindi agitations of Karnataka
4041:
3740:Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature
3679:
3427:was a frequent contributor to it.
2521:(1878), in the late 19th century,
2258:
1654:) was developed in the regions of
808:The major genre of this period is
93:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
4794:
4109:
3718:. 26 October 2009. Archived from
3013:movement. His greatest works are
2426:The rhetoric of satire is called
2107:'s Hindi translation of Sanskrit
2083:The first Hindi books, using the
1952:school was represented by mainly
1652: before the 15th century CE
831:Navyottar Kāl (नव्योत्तर काल) --
48:This article has multiple issues.
3481:
3296:
3033:(1889–1968), first recipient of
2909:etc.; his works are compiled in
2010:Riti-kavya kal (c. 1700 to 1900)
1666:stretching up to central India.
1595:
500:
140:
78:
37:
16:Literature in the Hindi language
4420:Department of Official Language
4397:Hindutva boycott of Hindi films
3980:
3950:
3941:
3894:
3883:
3872:
3858:
3840:
3822:
3804:
3786:
3760:
3708:
3307:needs additional citations for
2407:is children's rhymes in Hindi.
1717:, and Nalha, the royal poet in
769:Poems extolling brave warriors.
151:needs additional citations for
56:or discuss these issues on the
4742:Uddin & Begum Romanisation
3919:Datta, Amaresh Dattal (1988).
3629:
3611:
3593:
3572:
3554:
3536:
3519:
2391:(e.g., Shringar, Karun, Veer,
2213:
539:Regional or dialectal variants
1:
4783:Indian literature by language
4737:Progressive Writers' Movement
4116:Hindi Language and Literature
4054:A History of Hindi literature
3866:"चुनावी चौपाल पर 'पाल' चिंतन"
3512:
2598:, and other playwrights like
2229:Dwivedi became the editor of
2141:Adhunik kal (c. 1900 onwards)
2123:which was published in 1888.
1826:Bhakti kaal (c. 1375 to 1700)
1677:
1648:
2674:List of Hindi language poets
2177:by Sadasukhlal of Delhi and
819:Ādhunik Kāl (आधुनिक काल) --
7:
3529:Subhashita Ratna Bhandagara
3474:
3059:Suryakant Tripathi 'Nirala'
2877:(1763–1835), translator of
2749:(1477–1542), author of the
2705:
2699:
2491:Janakavi- the People's Poet
2352:
2283:Suryakant Tripathi 'Nirala'
1566:List of years in literature
10:
4799:
3455:Born on 25 December 1926,
2697:(1253–1325 AD), author of
2671:
2665:
2505:as well as playwrighting,
2374:Genres of Hindi Literature
2311:Other important genres of
2181:by Munshi Inshallah Khan.
2147:British East India Company
1672:, an epic poem written by
1561:History of science fiction
906:
767:This period was marked by
25:
18:
4773:Hindi-language literature
4689:
4666:
4636:
4595:
4588:
4540:
4449:
4428:
4412:
4362:
4321:
4283:
4235:
4228:
4158:
4150:
3768:"Mera Kharapan Shesh Hai"
3694:, President's Secretariat
3501:Indian central university
3288:Eminent Hindi journalists
2455:Bhadant Anand Kausalyayan
1890:in his poetry and dohas.
1472:Indian writing in English
903:of Hindustani language).
4532:
3999:Diana Dimitrova (2004).
3830:"Hindi Kavita - YouTube"
3692:Press Information Bureau
3566:www.abhivyakti-hindi.org
3548:languages.iloveindia.com
3400:Bharatendu Harishchandra
3395:Bharatendu Harishchandra
2903:Bharatendu Harishchandra
2347:Gajanan Madhav Muktibodh
2341:and others; followed by
2157:. The college president
1995:Abdul Rahim Khan-I-Khana
1790:. It was written in the
1191:North and South American
838:Post- Modern literature.
355:Medieval to early Modern
26:Not to be confused with
19:Not to be confused with
4436:World Hindi Secretariat
4019:
3998:
3987:
3900:
3889:
3878:
3243:(1932–2007), author of
3077:(1903–1976), author of
2993:(1886–1964), author of
2935:(1864–1938), author of
2905:(1850–1885), author of
2867:(1700–1753), author of
2857:(1669–1708), author of
2843:(1643–1723), author of
2829:(1612–1713), author of
2823:(Seven Hundred Verses).
2787:(1555–1617), author of
2771:(1532–1623), author of
2761:(1504–1560), author of
2731:(1467–1583), author of
2709:in the Hindavi dialect.
2685:(1148–1191), author of
2507:Bhartendu Harishchandra
2446:Hindi travel literature
2389:Ras, Chhand and Alankar
2299:Ramdhari Singh 'Dinkar'
1774:region in South India,
1723:Second Battle of Tarain
1695:during the invasion of
108:more precise citations.
4778:Literature by language
4681:Hindi-Urdu controversy
4441:World Hindi Conference
4413:National organizations
4392:Hindi–Urdu controversy
4020:Amaresh Datta (2006).
3669:, Anthem Press, 2004,
3507:Hindustani orthography
3425:Purushottam Das Tandon
3153:Phanishwar Nath 'Renu'
3037:in Hindi for his work
2933:Mahavir Prasad Dwivedi
2911:Bharatendu Granthavali
2801:(devotional) movement.
2725:(devotional) movement.
2556:Jagdish Chandra Mathur
2545:did in the 1950s–90s,
2422:Vyangya (Hindi Satire)
2224:Mahavir Prasad Dwivedi
2200:
1997:who was a minister to
1687:, the famous ruler of
642:Hindustani orthography
622:Hindi–Urdu controversy
4467:Sahitya Akademi Award
4404:Punjabi Suba movement
3988:Dr. Nagendra (1988).
3607:on 25 September 2006.
3579:Introduction to Hindi
3526:Narayan Ram Acharya.
3503:with a literary focus
3218:Suraj Ka Satvan Ghoda
3143:Nalin Vilochan Sharma
3115:Ramdhari Singh Dinkar
3035:Sahitya Akademi Award
2747:Malik Muhammad Jayasi
2668:List of Hindi authors
2379:Hindi Kavita (Poetry)
2363:Nalin Vilochan Sharma
2329:poets, also known as
2319:(Experimentalism) of
2293:, are the four major
2187:
2179:Rani Ketaki ki kahani
2076:(Moral policies) and
1846:Malik Muhammad Jayasi
1602:Literature portal
1571:Literature by country
915:History of literature
885:Modern Standard Hindi
747:which have different
4429:Global organizations
4335:Andaman Creole Hindi
4303:Caribbean Hindustani
3994:. Prabhat Prakashan.
3852:NavBharat Times Blog
3816:www.geeta-kavita.com
3774:on 30 September 2017
3625:. 25 September 2015.
3416:Madan Mohan Malaviya
3411:Madan Mohan Malaviya
3316:improve this article
3099:Hazariprasad Dwivedi
3031:Makhanlal Chaturvedi
2991:Maithili Sharan Gupt
2917:Devaki Nandan Khatri
2889:etc., and author of
2365:, Kesari Kumar, and
2237:Maithili Sharan Gupt
2151:Fort William College
2131:Devaki Nandan Khatri
1782:and later under the
1586:Intellectual history
919:by region or country
698:Phonological history
160:improve this article
4026:. Sahitya Akademi.
3738:Lal, Mohan (1992).
3722:on 26 October 2009.
3601:"Mystic poet Kabir"
3584:1 June 2012 at the
3086:Meri Teri Uski Baat
2811:, (The Half Story).
2610:Hindi essay-writing
2574:, who started with
2511:Satya Harishchandra
2349:and other authors.
2345:(Progressivism) of
1751:. Nathpanthis were
1711:Naishdhiya Charitra
519:Hindustani language
3964:on 7 November 2006
3848:"हिंदी को मत रोइए"
3696:. 25 December 2013
3438:Durgaprasad Mishra
3331:"Hindi literature"
3261:(1937–) author of
3237:literary movement.
3197:Andhere Band Kamre
3171:Harishankar Parsai
3069:Sumitranandan Pant
3053:Rahul Sankrityayan
3047:Pushp Ki Abhilasha
2647:western literature
2475:Rahul Sankrityayan
2451:Rahul Sankrityayan
2432:Harishankar Parsai
2291:Sumitranandan Pant
2201:
1755:who practised the
1685:Prithviraj Chauhan
1576:History of theatre
679:Linguistic history
175:"Hindi literature"
4768:Indian literature
4750:
4749:
4662:
4661:
4500:
4499:
4364:Language politics
4358:
4357:
3991:Indian Literature
3934:978-81-260-1194-0
3753:978-81-260-1221-3
3675:978-1-84331-125-6
3489:Literature portal
3457:Dharamvir Bharati
3392:
3391:
3384:
3366:
3207:Dharmavir Bharati
3005:Jaishankar Prasad
2855:Guru Gobind Singh
2835:Chhatrasal Dashak
2662:Prominent figures
2590:Dharamvir Bharati
2586:Lehron Ke Rajhans
2523:Jaishankar Prasad
2497:Hindi playwriting
2481:Travel literature
2479:"Father of Hindi
2467:Travel Literature
2440:Suryakumar Pandey
2333:(New Poetry) and
2315:(Modernism) are:
2279:Jaishankar Prasad
2192:in an 1884 book,
2173:by Sadal Mishra,
2171:Naasiketopaakhyan
2085:Devanagari script
1946:Adi Sankaracharya
1636:
1635:
1548:
1547:
1479:
1478:
1268:
1267:
1186:
1185:
1154:Poststructuralism
1121:Matter of Britain
1021:
1020:
897:Devanagari script
826:Modern literature
786:Poems of Devotion
778:Kāl (भक्ति काल) -
734:
733:
495:
494:
262:Indian literature
254:
253:
246:
236:
235:
228:
210:
134:
133:
126:
71:
28:Sindhi literature
4790:
4593:
4592:
4527:
4520:
4513:
4504:
4503:
4387:Hindi imposition
4233:
4232:
4145:
4138:
4131:
4122:
4121:
4048:Hindi Literature
4037:
4016:
3995:
3974:
3973:
3971:
3969:
3960:. Archived from
3954:
3948:
3945:
3939:
3938:
3916:
3903:
3901:Nagendra, p. 661
3898:
3892:
3887:
3881:
3879:Dimitrova, p. 15
3876:
3870:
3869:
3862:
3856:
3855:
3844:
3838:
3837:
3826:
3820:
3819:
3808:
3802:
3801:
3790:
3784:
3783:
3781:
3779:
3770:. Archived from
3764:
3758:
3757:
3735:
3724:
3723:
3712:
3706:
3705:
3703:
3701:
3683:
3677:
3659:
3646:
3645:
3633:
3627:
3626:
3615:
3609:
3608:
3603:. Archived from
3597:
3591:
3576:
3570:
3569:
3558:
3552:
3551:
3540:
3534:
3533:
3523:
3491:
3486:
3485:
3484:
3451:Dharmvir Bharati
3387:
3380:
3376:
3373:
3367:
3365:
3324:
3300:
3292:
3281:Geetanjali Shree
3263:Rehan Par Ragghu
3201:Na Aane Wala Kal
3192:Ashadh Ka Ek Din
3041:, works include
2955:Munshi Premchand
2945:Sahitya Sandarbh
2774:Ramacharitamanas
2708:
2702:
2651:folk literatures
2623:Priya neel-kanti
2577:Ashadh Ka Ek Din
2564:Upendranath Ashk
2547:Jana Natya Manch
2135:Munshi Premchand
2020:Ritismagra Kavya
1971:Ramacharitamanas
1861:Ramacharitamanas
1727:Muhammad of Ghor
1697:Muhammad of Ghor
1682:
1679:
1653:
1650:
1628:
1621:
1614:
1600:
1599:
1598:
1581:History of ideas
1508:Ancient Egyptian
1492:
1491:
1304:
1303:
1197:
1196:
1174:Post-colonialism
1116:Matter of France
1085:
1084:
957:World literature
931:
930:
920:
911:
910:
836:Literally means
824:Literally means
810:Poems of Romance
737:Hindi literature
726:
719:
712:
632:Hindi literature
627:Persian and Urdu
504:
497:
496:
487:
480:
473:
258:
257:
249:
242:
231:
224:
220:
217:
211:
209:
168:
144:
136:
129:
122:
118:
115:
109:
104:this article by
95:inline citations
82:
81:
74:
63:
41:
40:
33:
21:Hindu literature
4798:
4797:
4793:
4792:
4791:
4789:
4788:
4787:
4753:
4752:
4751:
4746:
4685:
4658:
4644:Aurangabad Urdu
4632:
4584:
4536:
4531:
4501:
4496:
4445:
4424:
4408:
4354:
4317:
4279:
4224:
4154:
4149:
4112:
4107:
4044:
4042:Further reading
4034:
4013:
3983:
3978:
3977:
3967:
3965:
3956:
3955:
3951:
3946:
3942:
3935:
3927:. p. 914.
3925:Sahitya Akademi
3917:
3906:
3899:
3895:
3888:
3884:
3877:
3873:
3864:
3863:
3859:
3854:. 4 April 2015.
3846:
3845:
3841:
3834:www.youtube.com
3828:
3827:
3823:
3810:
3809:
3805:
3792:
3791:
3787:
3777:
3775:
3766:
3765:
3761:
3754:
3746:. p. 820.
3744:Sahitya Akademi
3736:
3727:
3714:
3713:
3709:
3699:
3697:
3685:
3684:
3680:
3660:
3649:
3634:
3630:
3617:
3616:
3612:
3599:
3598:
3594:
3586:Wayback Machine
3577:
3573:
3560:
3559:
3555:
3542:
3541:
3537:
3524:
3520:
3515:
3487:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3388:
3377:
3371:
3368:
3325:
3323:
3313:
3301:
3290:
3259:Kashinath Singh
3212:Gunaho Ka Devta
3093:Jainendra Kumar
2688:Prithviraj Raso
2678:
2676:
2670:
2664:
2612:
2515:Bharat Durdasha
2501:The pioneer of
2499:
2448:
2424:
2381:
2376:
2355:
2337:(New Story) of
2313:Adhunik Sahitya
2306:Neo-romanticism
2304:This period of
2261:
2259:Chhayavaadi Yug
2216:
2210:
2188:A depiction of
2159:J. B. Gilchrist
2143:
2095:'s treatise on
2012:
1942:Advaita Vedanta
1828:
1780:Delhi Sultanate
1680:
1669:Prithviraj Raso
1651:
1641:
1632:
1596:
1594:
918:
917:
909:
901:Urdu literature
895:written in the
790:Bhakti Movement
749:writing systems
745:Hindi languages
730:
637:Urdu literature
605:
604:
587:
576:
560:
491:
330:Extinct Kannada
250:
239:
238:
237:
232:
221:
215:
212:
169:
167:
157:
145:
130:
119:
113:
110:
100:Please help to
99:
83:
79:
42:
38:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4796:
4786:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4748:
4747:
4745:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4693:
4691:
4687:
4686:
4684:
4683:
4678:
4672:
4670:
4664:
4663:
4660:
4659:
4657:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4640:
4638:
4634:
4633:
4631:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4599:
4597:
4590:
4586:
4585:
4583:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4541:
4538:
4537:
4530:
4529:
4522:
4515:
4507:
4498:
4497:
4495:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4472:Jnanpith Award
4469:
4464:
4459:
4453:
4451:
4447:
4446:
4444:
4443:
4438:
4432:
4430:
4426:
4425:
4423:
4422:
4416:
4414:
4410:
4409:
4407:
4406:
4401:
4400:
4399:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4368:
4366:
4360:
4359:
4356:
4355:
4353:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4331:
4329:
4319:
4318:
4316:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4289:
4287:
4281:
4280:
4278:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4241:
4239:
4230:
4226:
4225:
4223:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4181:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4159:
4156:
4155:
4148:
4147:
4140:
4133:
4125:
4119:
4118:
4111:
4110:External links
4108:
4106:
4105:
4099:
4085:
4071:
4057:
4051:
4043:
4040:
4039:
4038:
4032:
4017:
4011:
4005:. Peter Lang.
3996:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3976:
3975:
3949:
3940:
3933:
3904:
3893:
3890:Datta, p. 1075
3882:
3871:
3857:
3839:
3821:
3803:
3798:kavitakosh.org
3785:
3759:
3752:
3725:
3707:
3678:
3663:"Introduction"
3647:
3628:
3610:
3592:
3571:
3553:
3535:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3510:
3509:
3504:
3493:
3492:
3476:
3473:
3390:
3389:
3304:
3302:
3295:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3284:
3278:
3275:Narendra Kohli
3272:
3256:
3253:Dushyant Kumar
3250:
3246:Kitne Pakistan
3238:
3228:
3225:Raghuvir Sahay
3222:
3204:
3184:
3174:
3168:
3150:
3140:
3124:
3118:
3112:
3105:Mahadevi Varma
3102:
3096:
3090:
3072:
3066:
3056:
3050:
3028:
3002:
2988:
2952:
2949:Sahitya Vichar
2937:Kavya Manjusha
2930:
2914:
2900:
2894:
2880:Baital Pachisi
2872:
2869:Sujān Charitra
2862:
2859:Bichitra Natak
2852:
2838:
2824:
2812:
2809:Ardhakathānaka
2802:
2792:
2782:
2766:
2756:
2744:
2733:Sahitya Lahari
2726:
2716:
2710:
2692:
2672:Main article:
2666:Main article:
2663:
2660:
2643:Indian culture
2635:Nishad Bansuri
2615:Kuber Nath Rai
2611:
2608:
2600:Surendra Verma
2498:
2495:
2471:Yatra Vritanta
2447:
2444:
2423:
2420:
2401:kavi sammelans
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2354:
2351:
2287:Mahadevi Varma
2260:
2257:
2255:social types.
2241:Bharat-bharati
2215:
2212:
2142:
2139:
2011:
2008:
1944:philosophy of
1915:Shringara rasa
1871:Vinaya Patrika
1827:
1824:
1643:Literature of
1640:
1637:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1630:
1623:
1616:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1591:
1590:
1589:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1555:
1554:
1553:Related topics
1550:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1544:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1519:
1518:
1517:
1512:
1511:
1510:
1497:
1496:
1488:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1475:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1377:Ancient Meitei
1371:
1370:
1366:
1365:
1364:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1340:
1339:
1335:
1334:
1333:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1309:
1308:
1300:
1299:
1293:
1292:
1291:
1290:
1285:
1277:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1264:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1225:
1224:
1222:Latin American
1218:
1217:
1216:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1159:Deconstruction
1156:
1151:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1137:
1136:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1124:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1111:Matter of Rome
1106:Early Medieval
1103:
1098:
1093:
1081:
1080:
1074:
1073:
1072:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1028:
1027:
1026:Middle Eastern
1023:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1017:
1016:
1011:
1003:
1002:
998:
997:
996:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
967:
966:
962:
961:
960:
959:
954:
949:
944:
942:Literary terms
939:
927:
926:
925:General topics
922:
921:
908:
905:
853:
852:
850:
848:
846:
844:
842:
840:
829:
817:
815:
813:
801:
799:
797:
795:
793:
773:
771:
732:
731:
729:
728:
721:
714:
706:
703:
702:
701:
700:
695:
690:
682:
681:
675:
674:
673:
672:
667:
662:
654:
653:
647:
646:
645:
644:
639:
634:
629:
624:
616:
615:
609:
608:
607:
606:
603:
602:
596:
591:
585:
580:
574:
569:
564:
558:
553:
548:
541:
537:
535:
530:
522:
521:
515:
514:
506:
505:
493:
492:
490:
489:
482:
475:
467:
464:
463:
462:
461:
456:
451:
446:
441:
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
358:
357:
351:
350:
349:
348:
343:
338:
333:
320:
319:
317:Early Medieval
313:
312:
311:
310:
308:Vedic Sanskrit
305:
300:
295:
290:
285:
280:
278:Ancient Meitei
272:
271:
265:
264:
252:
251:
234:
233:
148:
146:
139:
132:
131:
86:
84:
77:
72:
46:
45:
43:
36:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4795:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4760:
4758:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4694:
4692:
4688:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4676:Urdu movement
4674:
4673:
4671:
4669:
4665:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4641:
4639:
4635:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4603:Standard Urdu
4601:
4600:
4598:
4594:
4591:
4587:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4542:
4539:
4535:
4528:
4523:
4521:
4516:
4514:
4509:
4508:
4505:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4454:
4452:
4448:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4433:
4431:
4427:
4421:
4418:
4417:
4415:
4411:
4405:
4402:
4398:
4395:
4394:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4369:
4367:
4365:
4361:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4345:Haflong Hindi
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4332:
4330:
4328:
4324:
4320:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4308:Chhattisgarhi
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4290:
4288:
4286:
4282:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4242:
4240:
4238:
4234:
4231:
4227:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4200:Kinship terms
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4165:
4164:
4161:
4160:
4157:
4153:
4146:
4141:
4139:
4134:
4132:
4127:
4126:
4123:
4117:
4114:
4113:
4103:
4100:
4097:
4096:0-909879-13-3
4093:
4089:
4086:
4083:
4082:3-447-01607-8
4079:
4075:
4072:
4069:
4068:3-447-02413-5
4065:
4061:
4058:
4055:
4052:
4049:
4046:
4045:
4035:
4033:81-260-1194-7
4029:
4025:
4024:
4018:
4014:
4012:0-8204-6822-3
4008:
4004:
4003:
3997:
3993:
3992:
3986:
3985:
3963:
3959:
3953:
3944:
3936:
3930:
3926:
3922:
3915:
3913:
3911:
3909:
3902:
3897:
3891:
3886:
3880:
3875:
3867:
3861:
3853:
3849:
3843:
3835:
3831:
3825:
3817:
3813:
3807:
3799:
3795:
3794:"Kavita Kosh"
3789:
3773:
3769:
3763:
3755:
3749:
3745:
3741:
3734:
3732:
3730:
3721:
3717:
3711:
3695:
3693:
3688:
3682:
3676:
3672:
3668:
3664:
3658:
3656:
3654:
3652:
3643:
3639:
3632:
3624:
3620:
3614:
3606:
3602:
3596:
3590:
3587:
3583:
3580:
3575:
3567:
3563:
3557:
3549:
3545:
3539:
3531:
3530:
3522:
3518:
3508:
3505:
3502:
3498:
3495:
3494:
3490:
3479:
3472:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3458:
3453:
3452:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3439:
3435:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3420:
3417:
3413:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3401:
3397:
3396:
3386:
3383:
3375:
3372:February 2011
3364:
3361:
3357:
3354:
3350:
3347:
3343:
3340:
3336:
3333: –
3332:
3328:
3327:Find sources:
3321:
3317:
3311:
3310:
3305:This article
3303:
3299:
3294:
3293:
3282:
3279:
3276:
3273:
3270:
3269:
3268:Kashi Ka Assi
3264:
3260:
3257:
3254:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3242:
3239:
3236:
3232:
3229:
3226:
3223:
3220:
3219:
3214:
3213:
3208:
3205:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3193:
3188:
3185:
3182:
3178:
3175:
3172:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3160:
3159:
3154:
3151:
3148:
3144:
3141:
3138:
3134:
3133:
3128:
3127:Bhisham Sahni
3125:
3122:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3110:
3106:
3103:
3100:
3097:
3094:
3091:
3088:
3087:
3082:
3081:
3076:
3073:
3070:
3067:
3064:
3060:
3057:
3054:
3051:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3039:Him Taringini
3036:
3032:
3029:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3017:
3012:
3011:
3006:
3003:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2989:
2986:
2985:
2980:
2979:
2974:
2973:
2968:
2967:
2962:
2961:
2956:
2953:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2931:
2928:
2924:
2923:
2918:
2915:
2912:
2908:
2907:Andher Nagari
2904:
2901:
2898:
2895:
2892:
2888:
2887:
2882:
2881:
2876:
2873:
2870:
2866:
2863:
2860:
2856:
2853:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2839:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2796:
2793:
2790:
2786:
2783:
2780:
2779:Vinay Patrika
2776:
2775:
2770:
2767:
2764:
2763:Mira Padavali
2760:
2757:
2754:
2753:
2748:
2745:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2727:
2724:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2707:
2701:
2696:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2684:
2681:
2680:
2679:
2675:
2669:
2659:
2657:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2607:
2605:
2604:Bhisham Sahni
2601:
2597:
2596:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2578:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2552:
2551:Safdar Hashmi
2548:
2544:
2538:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2519:Andher Nagari
2516:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2503:Hindi theatre
2494:
2492:
2488:
2487:Baba Nagarjun
2484:
2482:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2463:Baba Nagarjun
2460:
2456:
2452:
2443:
2441:
2437:
2436:Sri Lal Sukla
2433:
2429:
2419:
2417:
2413:
2408:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2371:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2350:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2327:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2309:
2307:
2302:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2267:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2233:
2227:
2225:
2221:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2199:
2195:
2194:Indrajalakala
2191:
2186:
2182:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2145:In 1800, the
2138:
2136:
2132:
2129:, written by
2128:
2124:
2122:
2118:
2117:Nāgarī script
2114:
2113:Pariksha guru
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2089:Nāgarī script
2086:
2081:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2070:
2065:
2061:
2060:Bihari Satsai
2057:
2056:Ghananand Das
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2030:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2007:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1972:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1922:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1891:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1872:
1867:
1863:
1862:
1857:
1853:
1852:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1833:
1823:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1804:
1802:
1801:Nishatul Ishq
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1768:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1747:
1743:
1742:Buddhist sect
1739:
1735:
1730:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1675:
1671:
1670:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1646:
1629:
1624:
1622:
1617:
1615:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1606:
1603:
1593:
1592:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1557:
1556:
1552:
1551:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1536:South African
1534:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1527:
1526:
1522:
1521:
1516:
1513:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1447:Modern Meitei
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1367:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1342:
1341:
1337:
1336:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1279:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1227:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1190:
1189:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1169:Postmodernism
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1149:Structuralism
1147:
1146:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1139:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1087:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1024:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1005:
1004:
1000:
999:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
970:
969:
968:
964:
963:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
934:
933:
932:
929:
928:
924:
923:
916:
913:
912:
904:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
881:Chhattisgarhi
878:
875:, as well as
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
851:
849:
847:
845:
843:
841:
839:
835:
834:
830:
827:
823:
822:
818:
816:
814:
811:
807:
806:
802:
800:
798:
796:
794:
791:
787:
783:
782:
777:
774:
772:
770:
766:
765:
762:
761:
760:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
727:
722:
720:
715:
713:
708:
707:
705:
704:
699:
696:
694:
693:Kinship terms
691:
689:
686:
685:
684:
683:
680:
677:
676:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
657:
656:
655:
652:
649:
648:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
619:
618:
617:
614:
611:
610:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
586:
584:
581:
579:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
543:
542:
540:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
525:
524:
523:
520:
517:
516:
512:
508:
507:
503:
499:
498:
488:
483:
481:
476:
474:
469:
468:
466:
465:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
361:
360:
359:
356:
353:
352:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
331:
327:
324:
323:
322:
321:
318:
315:
314:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
276:
275:
274:
273:
270:
267:
266:
263:
260:
259:
256:
248:
245:
230:
227:
219:
208:
205:
201:
198:
194:
191:
187:
184:
180:
177: –
176:
172:
171:Find sources:
165:
161:
155:
154:
149:This article
147:
143:
138:
137:
128:
125:
117:
107:
103:
97:
96:
90:
85:
76:
75:
70:
68:
61:
60:
55:
54:
49:
44:
35:
34:
29:
22:
4649:British Urdu
4477:Hindi cinema
4456:
4340:Bombay Hindi
4101:
4087:
4073:
4059:
4053:
4047:
4022:
4001:
3990:
3981:Bibliography
3966:. Retrieved
3962:the original
3952:
3943:
3920:
3896:
3885:
3874:
3860:
3851:
3842:
3833:
3824:
3815:
3806:
3797:
3788:
3776:. Retrieved
3772:the original
3762:
3739:
3720:the original
3710:
3700:19 September
3698:. Retrieved
3690:
3681:
3666:
3641:
3631:
3622:
3613:
3605:the original
3595:
3574:
3565:
3556:
3547:
3538:
3528:
3521:
3470:
3466:
3462:
3454:
3450:
3449:
3445:
3441:
3437:
3436:
3432:
3429:
3421:
3414:
3410:
3409:
3405:
3398:
3394:
3393:
3378:
3369:
3359:
3352:
3345:
3338:
3326:
3314:Please help
3309:verification
3306:
3266:
3262:
3244:
3234:
3231:Nirmal Verma
3216:
3210:
3200:
3196:
3190:
3187:Mohan Rakesh
3180:
3177:Naresh Mehta
3162:
3158:Maila Anchal
3156:
3146:
3130:
3108:
3084:
3078:
3062:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3024:
3021:Dhruvswamini
3020:
3014:
3008:
2998:
2994:
2982:
2976:
2970:
2964:
2958:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2926:
2922:Chandrakanta
2920:
2910:
2906:
2890:
2884:
2878:
2868:
2858:
2849:Vrind Satsai
2848:
2844:
2834:
2830:
2818:
2808:
2788:
2778:
2772:
2762:
2750:
2740:
2737:Sur Saravali
2736:
2732:
2686:
2683:Chand Bardai
2677:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2627:Ras Aakhetak
2626:
2622:
2619:Gandha Madan
2618:
2613:
2593:
2592:, who wrote
2585:
2581:
2575:
2572:Mohan Rakesh
2567:
2559:
2543:Habib Tanvir
2539:
2535:Dhruvswamini
2534:
2531:Chandragupta
2530:
2527:Skanda Gupta
2526:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2500:
2490:
2478:
2470:
2449:
2425:
2409:
2397:Hasya Kavita
2396:
2382:
2367:Naresh Mehta
2358:
2356:
2342:
2339:Nirmal Verma
2334:
2330:
2324:
2316:
2312:
2310:
2303:
2297:poets. Poet
2294:
2274:
2270:
2264:
2262:
2253:
2249:
2244:
2240:
2230:
2228:
2219:
2217:
2209:
2202:
2193:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2162:
2149:established
2144:
2127:Chandrakanta
2125:
2097:Ain-i-Akbari
2082:
2077:
2073:
2072:(devotion),
2067:
2019:
2015:
2013:
1992:
1979:
1976:Sur Saravali
1975:
1969:
1929:
1925:
1923:
1918:
1914:
1906:
1898:
1894:
1892:
1879:
1869:
1859:
1849:
1836:
1829:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1769:
1764:
1731:
1710:
1701:
1674:Chand Bardai
1667:
1644:
1642:
1421:
937:Basic topics
854:
837:
833:
832:
825:
821:
820:
809:
805:
804:
785:
781:
779:
768:
764:
736:
735:
631:
398:
303:Tamil Sangam
255:
240:
222:
213:
203:
196:
189:
182:
170:
158:Please help
153:verification
150:
120:
111:
92:
64:
57:
51:
50:Please help
47:
4707:Informatics
3080:Jhutha Sach
3025:Skandagupta
3010:Chhayavaadi
2966:Karmabhoomi
2831:Shivabavani
2805:Banarasidas
2755:(1540) etc.
2695:Amir Khusro
2639:Parna mukut
2582:Adhe Adhure
2533:(1931) and
2517:(1876) and
2335:Nayi Kahani
2331:Nayi Kavita
2295:Chhayavaadi
2275:Chhayavaadi
2220:Dwivedi Yug
2214:Dwivedi Yug
2109:Hitopadesha
1956:poets like
1921:(Heroism).
1842:Braj Bhasha
1703:Jayachandra
1681: 1200
1523:Sub-Saharan
1288:New Zealand
1133:Renaissance
757:Prosimetrum
106:introducing
4757:Categories
4702:Literature
4654:Roman Urdu
4618:Hyderabadi
4570:Vocabulary
4545:Hindustani
4457:Literature
4313:Fiji Hindi
4275:Sansi Boli
4260:Hindustani
4220:Hindustani
4190:Devanagari
4168:Declension
3958:"1-8-1999"
3513:References
3342:newspapers
3241:Kamleshwar
3235:Nai Kahani
3109:Chhayavaad
3063:Chhayavaad
3043:Yug Charan
2999:Yashodhara
2978:Mansarovar
2891:Prem Sagar
2886:Shakuntala
2845:Nitisatsai
2789:Rasikpriya
2631:Vishad Yog
2412:Kavitakosh
2405:Bal kavita
2343:Pragativad
2326:Tar Saptak
2266:Chhayavaad
2163:Prem Sagar
2121:Bhagyawati
1982:extolling
1938:Guru Nanak
1884:Sadhukaddi
1812:Gorakhnath
1757:Hatha yoga
1740:, a later
1457:Rajasthani
1361:Vietnamese
1351:Philippine
1283:Australian
1179:Hypertexts
1044:Babylonian
893:Hindustani
753:Apabhraṃśa
688:Vocabulary
665:Declension
583:Judeo-Urdu
578:Hyderabadi
449:Rajasthani
186:newspapers
89:references
53:improve it
4589:Varieties
4565:Phonology
4229:Varieties
4215:Etymology
4185:Phonology
3968:8 January
3778:2 October
3642:Scroll.in
3623:Scroll.in
3183:movement.
3149:movement.
3111:movement.
3065:movement.
2927:Bhootnath
2897:Ganga Das
2875:Lallu Lal
2785:Keshavdas
2741:Sur Sagar
2713:Vidyapati
2595:Andha Yug
2568:Anjo Didi
2395:, etc.).
2387:based on
2317:Prayogvad
2271:shadowism
2245:Bharatgit
2232:Saraswati
2205:Premchand
2175:Sukhsagar
2167:Lallu Lal
2105:Lallu Lal
2093:Heera Lal
2091:were one
2016:Ritikavya
1980:Sur Sagar
1966:Vaishnava
1954:Vaishnava
1880:Sur Sagar
1816:Vidyapati
1788:Hyderabad
1738:Vajrayana
1437:Malayalam
1402:Pakistani
1338:Southeast
1330:Mongolian
1246:Colombian
1236:Brazilian
1231:Argentine
1164:Modernism
947:Criticism
857:Khariboli
336:Malayalam
216:July 2020
114:July 2020
59:talk page
4668:Politics
4613:Dhakaiya
4596:Dialects
4575:Nastaliq
4555:Alphabet
4350:Hinglish
4265:Kannauji
4255:Haryanvi
4195:Numerals
4173:Pronouns
3582:Archived
3475:See also
3181:Nakenwad
3147:Nakenwad
3121:Nagarjun
3016:Kamayani
2769:Tulsidas
2752:Padmavat
2580:(1958),
2537:(1933).
2529:(1928),
2513:(1875),
2359:Nakenwad
2353:Nakenwad
2323:and the
2155:Calcutta
2080:(love).
2078:Shringar
2036:Shringar
2001:emperor
1962:Tulsidas
1919:Vir Rasa
1917:(love),
1907:Vir Rasa
1899:Chaupaya
1866:Tulsidas
1856:Tulsidas
1851:Padmavat
1820:Maithili
1808:Ramanand
1776:Dakkhini
1707:Sanskrit
1676:(1149 –
1531:Nigerian
1515:Moroccan
1503:Egyptian
1432:Kashmiri
1417:Gujarati
1407:Assamese
1392:Sanskrit
1320:Japanese
1274:Oceanian
1261:Peruvian
1213:Jamaican
1208:Canadian
1203:American
1128:Medieval
1091:Armenian
1078:European
1039:Sumerian
889:register
873:Kannauji
660:Numerals
572:Hinglish
567:Dhakaiya
511:a series
509:Part of
419:Maithili
409:Kokborok
404:Kashmiri
394:Gujarati
384:Bhojpuri
364:Assamese
293:Sanskrit
4727:Writers
4608:Dakhini
4580:Braille
4560:Grammar
4550:History
4487:Writers
4327:Creoles
4323:Pidgins
4298:Bagheli
4285:Eastern
4270:Kauravi
4250:Bundeli
4237:Western
4210:History
4205:Braille
4163:Grammar
3356:scholar
3137:Madhavi
3075:Yashpal
2941:Sugandh
2827:Bhushan
2820:Satasai
2795:Raskhan
2759:Mirabai
2700:pahelis
2428:Vyangya
2115:in the
2044:Krishna
2029:Krishna
2014:In the
1988:Krishna
1926:Nirguna
1822:works.
1796:Hindavi
1792:Persian
1770:In the
1759:. Some
1749:Prakrit
1746:Magadhi
1656:Kannauj
1645:Adi kal
1541:Swahili
1485:African
1442:Marathi
1427:Kannada
1412:Bengali
1346:Burmese
1315:Chinese
1256:Mexican
1241:Chilean
1069:Israeli
1059:Persian
1054:Pahlavi
1034:Ancient
1014:Authors
993:Romance
907:History
877:Marwari
865:Bundeli
788:due to
651:Grammar
613:History
589:Kauravi
562:Deccani
546:Andaman
444:Punjabi
424:Marathi
414:Konkani
389:English
374:Bengali
326:Kannada
288:Prakrit
269:Ancient
200:scholar
102:improve
4717:Poetry
4712:Cinema
4697:Awards
4628:Urdish
4623:Rekhta
4462:Awards
4293:Awadhi
4094:
4080:
4066:
4030:
4009:
3931:
3750:
3673:
3358:
3351:
3344:
3337:
3329:
3271:, etc.
3221:, etc.
3203:, etc.
3167:, etc.
3164:Juloos
3139:, etc.
3089:, etc.
3049:, etc.
3027:, etc.
3001:, etc.
2987:, etc.
2960:Godaan
2951:, etc.
2929:, etc.
2893:, etc.
2815:Bihari
2799:bhakti
2729:Surdas
2723:bhakti
2706:mukris
2602:, and
2562:) and
2560:Konark
2509:wrote
2416:Kavita
2385:Kavita
2321:Ajneya
2198:Meerut
2069:Bhakti
2064:Bihari
2054:, and
2052:Bihari
2032:Bhakti
1999:Mughal
1958:Surdas
1950:Saguna
1930:Saguna
1895:Sortha
1876:Surdas
1838:Awadhi
1832:Bhakti
1784:Nizams
1772:Deccan
1734:Siddha
1715:Mahoba
1462:Sindhi
1452:Nepali
1397:Indian
1382:Telugu
1325:Korean
1141:Modern
1064:Arabic
1049:Hebrew
983:Poetry
952:Theory
879:, and
869:Awadhi
776:Bhakti
599:Urdish
594:Rekhta
556:Bombay
551:Bihari
513:on the
454:Sindhi
439:Nepali
429:Meitei
369:Awadhi
346:Telugu
202:
195:
188:
181:
173:
91:, but
4763:Hindi
4732:Poets
4722:Music
4637:Forms
4492:Poets
4482:Music
4178:Verbs
4152:Hindi
3499:, an
3363:JSTOR
3349:books
3132:Tamas
2995:Saket
2984:Idgah
2972:Gaban
2865:Sūdan
2841:Vrind
2719:Kabir
2656:Hindi
2442:etc.
2393:Hāsya
2190:Surya
2101:Kabir
2074:Neeti
2048:Radha
2024:Hindi
2003:Akbar
1934:Kabir
1913:from
1911:rasas
1903:Rasas
1888:Kabir
1765:Rasau
1753:yogis
1732:Some
1719:Ajmer
1693:Ajmer
1689:Delhi
1664:Ajmer
1660:Delhi
1495:North
1422:Hindi
1387:Tamil
1369:South
1297:Asian
1251:Cuban
1101:Latin
1096:Greek
1009:Books
1001:Lists
988:Prose
978:Novel
965:Types
741:Hindi
670:Verbs
528:Hindi
399:Hindi
298:Tamil
207:JSTOR
193:books
4690:Arts
4534:Urdu
4450:Arts
4325:and
4245:Braj
4092:ISBN
4078:ISBN
4064:ISBN
4028:ISBN
4007:ISBN
3970:2009
3929:ISBN
3780:2016
3748:ISBN
3702:2014
3671:ISBN
3335:news
2871:etc.
2861:etc.
2851:etc.
2837:etc.
2791:etc.
2781:etc.
2765:etc.
2743:etc.
2703:and
2645:and
2584:and
2493:").
2461:and
2414:and
2289:and
2218:The
2046:and
2040:Braj
1986:and
1984:Rama
1936:and
1874:and
1854:and
1840:and
1810:and
1763:and
1761:Jain
1691:and
1467:Urdu
1356:Thai
1307:East
973:Epic
887:, a
861:Braj
533:Urdu
459:Urdu
434:Mizo
379:Braj
341:Odia
283:Pali
179:news
3318:by
2549:of
2485:).
2473:).
2239:'s
2165:by
2153:at
2087:or
2062:of
2018:or
1878:'s
1868:'s
1858:'s
1848:'s
1818:'s
1786:of
891:of
162:by
4759::
3923:.
3907:^
3850:.
3832:.
3814:.
3796:.
3742:.
3728:^
3689:.
3665:,
3650:^
3640:.
3621:.
3564:.
3546:.
3265:,
3215:,
3199:,
3195:,
3161:,
3135:,
3083:,
3045:,
3023:,
3019:,
2997:,
2981:,
2975:,
2969:,
2963:,
2947:,
2943:,
2939:,
2925:,
2883:,
2847:,
2833:,
2777:,
2739:,
2735:,
2658:.
2637:,
2633:,
2629:,
2625:,
2621:,
2606:.
2588:,
2457:,
2453:,
2438:,
2403:.
2285:,
2281:,
2277:.
2169:,
1990:.
1978:,
1974:,
1960:,
1897:,
1882:.
1699:.
1678:c.
1662:,
1658:,
1649:c.
871:,
867:,
863:,
859:,
62:.
4526:e
4519:t
4512:v
4144:e
4137:t
4130:v
4098:.
4084:.
4070:.
4036:.
4015:.
3972:.
3937:.
3868:.
3836:.
3818:.
3800:.
3782:.
3756:.
3704:.
3644:.
3568:.
3550:.
3385:)
3379:(
3374:)
3370:(
3360:·
3353:·
3346:·
3339:·
3312:.
3249:.
2913:.
2691:.
2566:(
2558:(
2483:"
2469:(
2269:(
1647:(
1627:e
1620:t
1613:v
828:.
792:.
780:-
739:(
725:e
718:t
711:v
601:)
544:(
486:e
479:t
472:v
332:)
328:(
247:)
241:(
229:)
223:(
218:)
214:(
204:·
197:·
190:·
183:·
156:.
127:)
121:(
116:)
112:(
98:.
69:)
65:(
30:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
