History of the United States (1865–1917)

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Lands", "Low Prices", "Large Discounts For Cash", and "Better Terms Than Ever!". The new railroads provided the opportunity for migrants to go out and take a look, with special family tickets, the cost of which could be applied to land purchases offered by the railroads. Farming the plains was indeed more difficult than back east. Water management was more critical, lightning fires were more prevalent, the weather was more extreme, rainfall was less predictable. The fearful stayed home. The actual migrants looked beyond fears of the unknown. Their chief motivation to move west was to find a better economic life than the one they had. Farmers sought larger, cheaper and more fertile land; merchants and tradesmen sought new customers and new leadership opportunities. Laborers wanted higher paying work and better conditions. With the

2424:", held great wealth and power, so much so that in 1888 Rutherford B. Hayes noted in his diary that the United States ceased being a government for the people and had been replaced by a "government of the corporation, by the corporation, and for the corporation." Critics in this period also bemoaned the disappearance of great political minds in America--the age of Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and Henry Clay was gone and the nation's best and brightest gravitated to industry rather than government or politics. In a context of cutthroat competition for wealth accumulation, the skilled labor of artisans gave way to well-paid skilled workers and engineers, as the nation deepened its technological base. Meanwhile, a steady stream of 2405:

industry--one Atlanta newspaper editor in the 1880s wrote "A Confederate army veteran died. He was buried in a Yankee suit in a Yankee coffin in a hole dug with a Yankee shovel. The only things the South furnished were the hole and the corpse." Attempts at trying to set up industry in the South met with only modest success as the region lacked investment money and Northern financiers were content to keep the place as a source of raw materials for Northern factories. The sweltering summer weather of the region also discouraged industrial activity. The most successful Southern industrial venture by far was textiles which benefited from low labor costs and right to work laws forbidding workers from unionizing.

4751:. These banks were owned by local banks and served as depositories for the cash reserves of member banks. Until the Federal Reserve Act, the U.S. government had left control of its money supply largely to unregulated private banks. While the official medium of exchange was gold coins, most loans and payments were carried out with bank notes, backed by the promise of redemption in gold. The trouble with this system was that the banks were tempted to reach beyond their cash reserves, prompting periodic panics during which fearful depositors raced to turn their bank paper into coin. With the passage of the act, greater flexibility in the money supply was assured, and provision was made for issuing 8420: 33: 3175: 3938: 2280:

settlement, farm women played an integral role in assuring family survival by working outdoors. After a generation or so, women increasingly left the fields, thus redefining their roles within the family. New conveniences such as sewing and washing machines encouraged women to turn to domestic roles. This was further supported by the scientific housekeeping movement, promoted across the land by the media and government extension agents, as well as county fairs which featured achievements in home cookery and canning, advice columns for women in the farm papers, and home economics courses in the schools.

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for winning the war and abolishing slavery, and were firmly established as the party of big business, the gold standard, and economic protectionism. Republican voter strength came mostly out of the small and medium sized towns and rural areas of the Northeast and Midwest, as well as the majority of Union army veterans--the Grand Army of the Republic, a veterans' fraternal organization that wielded huge political power in the 1880s-1890s, was also referred to as "Generally All Republicans." The addition of new states in the West gave the GOP still more national strength.

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of black men for non-homicidal rape--a number of states in this time had rape as a capital crime which theoretically applied to all citizens but critics pointed out that most convictions involved a black man accused of an attack on a white female and called it a form of legal lynching. However, these executions continued as late as the 1950s-60s until the Supreme Court in the 1970s limited capital punishment in the United States to strictly first degree murder. Blacks were also heavily used by state prisons and local jails in the South as gang labor on chain gangs.

3462: 2221: 3757:, polled more than a million votes. It was the currency question, however, pitting advocates of silver against those who favored gold, that soon overshadowed all other issues. Agrarian spokesmen in the West and South demanded a return to the unlimited coinage of silver. Convinced that their troubles stemmed from a shortage of money in circulation, they argued that increasing the volume of money would indirectly raise prices for farm products and drive up industrial wages, thus allowing debts to be paid with inflated dollars. 4436:

interests of the country as the groups pressing these demands saw fit. Almost all the notable figures of the period, whether in politics, philosophy, scholarship, or literature, were connected at least in part with the reform movement. In many cases progressives, most notably the Roosevelts, hailed from old blue blood families that dated to the colonial era and felt resentment at their increased irrelevance in the face of the new class of robber baron capitalists, most of whom had been born to modest means.

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see the islands made independent, with perhaps some kind of international guarantee for the preservation of order, or with some warning on our part that if they did not keep order we would have to interfere again." By then the President and his foreign policy advisers turned away from Asian issues to concentrate on Latin America, and Roosevelt redirected Philippine policy to prepare the islands to become the first Western colony in Asia to achieve self-government, holding its first democratic

1887: 3612: 2311: 1905: 11020: 10984: 1692: 1653: 11030: 1702: 3383: 3973: 1811:, the Progressive Era brought political, business, and social reforms (e.g., new roles for and government expansion of education, higher status for women, a curtailment of corporate excesses, and modernization of many areas of government and society). The Progressives worked through new middle-class organizations to fight against the corruption and behind-the-scenes power of entrenched, state political party organizations and big-city " 2508: 4315: 3291:

absolute rule over the region that held for a century. Only small pockets of Republican support existed in the South once black voter suppression was complete by the 1890s--usually these consisted of counties that had not supported secession during the war. German-Americans provided a small but stable Republican presence in a few areas of Texas and Eastern Tennessee remained a largely Republican area.

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most lynching victims were black, in the West they were usually Native Americans, Chinese, or Mexicans. Although uncommon, there were occasional lynchings of whites as well. Lynchings of blacks not infrequently involved mutilations, burning, and torture. State and local officials often condemned mob violence but the perpetrators were seldom brought to justice even when their identities were known.

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from 1876 to 1881 when bad European harvests kept the world price high. They then suffered from a slump in the 1880s when conditions in Europe improved. The farther west the settlers went, the more dependent they became on the monopolistic railroads to move their goods to market, and the more inclined they were to protest, as in the Populist movement of the 1890s. Wheat farmers blamed local

3190:(IWW), formed largely in response to abysmal labor conditions (in 1904, the year before its founding, 27,000 workers were killed on the job) and discrimination against women, minorities, and unskilled laborers by other unions, particularly the AFL. The "Wobblies," as they were commonly known, gained particular prominence from their incendiary and revolutionary rhetoric. Openly calling for 249: 236: 1978:, giving enormous new powers to the federal courts to deal with justice at the state level. These state governments borrowed heavily to build railroads and public schools, increasing taxation rates. The backlash of increasingly fierce opposition to these policies drove most of the sympathetic local whites out of the Republican Party and into the Democratic Party. President 3958:

were worked out for the national benefit. His system of politics emphasized economic growth, prosperity for all, and pluralism that provided benefits for every group. He rejected programs such as prohibition and immigration restriction that were designed to hurt an enemy. He felt parties had the duty to enact the people's will and educate them to new ideas.

3222:. They proved ineffective in managing peaceful labor relations and members dropped away, primarily because the union failed to build long-term worker organizations even after a successful campaign, leaving the workers involved at the mercy of employers once the IWW had moved on. However, this was not fatal to the union. That the IWW directly challenged 3695:. From the beginning, the Farmers' Alliance were political organizations with elaborate economic programs. According to one early platform, its purpose was to "unite the farmers of America for their protection against class legislation and the encroachments of concentrated capital." Their program also called for the regulation—if not the outright 3910:

of tens of thousands of American women on the home front in World War I. Across the world, grateful nations gave women the right to vote. Furthermore, most of the Western states had already given women the right to vote in state and national elections, and the representatives from those states, including the first voting woman

2392:" (a form of monopoly). High tariffs sheltered U.S. factories and workers from foreign competition, especially in the woolen industry. Federal railroad land grants enriched investors, farmers and railroad workers, and created hundreds of towns and cities. Business often went to court to stop labor from organizing into 4770:, forbade many corporate practices that had thus far escaped specific condemnation—interlocking directorates, price discrimination among purchasers, use of the injunction in labor disputes and ownership by one corporation of stock in similar enterprises. After 1914 the trust issue faded away from politics. 4191:

governments prove incapable or unstable in the interest of bringing democracy and financial stability to them. The U.S. made numerous interventions, mostly to stabilize the shaky governments and permit the nations to develop their economies. The intervention policy ended in the 1930s and was replaced

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Finally, the suffragettes were ordered released from prison, and Wilson urged Congress to pass a Constitutional amendment enfranchising women. The old anti-suffragist argument that only men could fight a war, and therefore only men deserved the franchise, was refuted by the enthusiastic participation

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Politically, the Republican Party was in ascendancy and would largely remain so until the 1930s with brief interruptions. The Civil War had collapsed the Democrats' national machine and given the GOP the chance to entrench its own national machine that held for 70 years. Republicans fully took credit

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God's gift of freedom. They appreciated opportunities to exercise their independence, to worship in their own way, to affirm their worth and dignity, and to proclaim the fatherhood of God and the brotherhood of man. Most of all, they could form their own churches, associations, and conventions. These

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The end of Reconstruction marked the end of the brief period of civil rights and civil liberties for African Americans in the South, where most lived. Reconstruction caused permanent resentment, distrust, and cynicism among white Southerners toward the federal government, and helped create the "Solid

4587:. Whereas his predecessors had set aside 46 million acres (188,000 km) of timberland for preservation and parks, Roosevelt increased the area to 146 million acres (592,000 km) and began systematic efforts to prevent forest fires and to retimber denuded tracts. His appointment of his friend 4333:

Our Republic and its press will rise or fall together. An able, disinterested, public-spirited press, with trained intelligence to know the right and courage to do it, can preserve that public virtue without which popular government is a sham and a mockery. A cynical, mercenary, demagogic press will

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in 1898. The U.S. permanently took over Puerto Rico and temporarily held Cuba. Attention increasingly focused on the Caribbean as the rapid growth of the Pacific states, especially California, revealed the need for a canal across to connect the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Plans for one in Nicaragua

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in the islands, upgrading the infrastructure, introducing public health programs, and launching a program of economic and social modernization. The enthusiasm shown in 1898–99 for colonies cooled off, and Roosevelt saw the islands as "our heel of Achilles." He told Taft in 1907, "I should be glad to

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Conservative groups and the financial classes, on the other hand, believed that such a policy would be disastrous, and they insisted that inflation, once begun, could not be stopped. Railroad bonds, the most important financial instrument of the time, were payable in gold. If fares and freight rates

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and the other strike leaders ignored. Cleveland then sent in the Army to stop the rioting and get the trains moving. The strike collapsed, as did the ARU, and Debs, a once middle-of-the-road social reformer, converted to a full-blown socialist while serving a sentence in Federal prison for defying a

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In commemoration of the Haymarket Riots, May 1 would be acknowledged by socialist and communist movements worldwide as International Workers' Day, Labor Day, or May Day, and became an official holiday in many countries. In 1893, President Cleveland signed into law a bill making Labor Day an official

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if we see Reconstruction's purpose as making sure that the main goals of the war would be filled, of a Union held together forever, of a North and South able to work together, of slavery extirpated, and sectional rivalries confined, of a permanent banishment of the fear of vaunting appeals to state

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and Confederate nationalism, and would always try to reinstate them behind-the-scenes. As a result, the Radical Republicans tried to impose legal restrictions that would strip most ex-rebels' rights to vote and hold elected office. The Radicals were opposed by Lincoln's vice president and successor,

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of Hearst and Pulitzer. The military was rapidly mobilized as the U.S. prepared to intervene in the Cuban revolt. It was made clear that no attempt at annexation of Cuba would be made and that the island's independence would be guaranteed. Spain considered this a wanton intervention in its internal

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Blacks accused of crimes often fared poorly in the courtrooms of Southern states as well. Juries were entirely white and liable to sentence black defendants to death at a higher rate than their white counterparts. A longtime injustice cited by civil rights organizations was the widespread execution

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The 1880s marked the beginning of the lynching epidemic. More than 4,000 lynchings are documented across the United States from the 1880s to the 1930s. They occurred in all regions of the country aside from New England, but were primarily centered in the South and West. While in the Southern states

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Democrats in the North were mostly an urban party that relied on immigrant laborers for a base, however in the Gilded Age there was not a major ideological gap between the two parties outside tariffs versus free trade. In the South, the end of Reconstruction quickly established the Democrat Party's

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Childhood on the American frontier is contested territory. One group of scholars argues the rural environment was salubrious for it allowed children to break loose from urban hierarchies of age and gender, promoted family interdependence, and in the end produced children who were more self-reliant,

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Along with the mechanical improvements which greatly increased yield per unit area, the amount of land under cultivation grew rapidly throughout the second half of the century, as the railroads opened up new areas of the West for settlement. The wheat farmers enjoyed abundant output and good years

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A dramatic expansion in farming took place. The number of farms tripled from 2.0 million in 1860 to 6.0 million in 1905. The number of people living on farms grew from about 10 million in 1860 to 22 million in 1880 to 31 million in 1905. The value of farms soared from $ 8.0 billion in 1860 to $ 30

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of 1887 was an effort to integrate American Indians into the mainstream; the majority accepted integration and were absorbed into American society, leaving a trace of American Indian ancestry in millions of American families. Those who refused to assimilate remained in poverty on the reservations,

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The second item on the Democratic program was a reorganization of the banking and currency system. "Control," said Wilson, "must be public, not private, must be vested in the government itself, so that the banks may be the instruments, not the masters, of business and of individual enterprise and

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in 1913 provided substantial rate reductions on imported raw materials and foodstuffs, cotton and woolen goods, iron and steel, and removed the duties from more than a hundred other items. Although the act retained many protective features, it was a genuine attempt to lower the cost of living for

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of 1890, a high tariff was passed in 1897 and a decade of rapid economic growth and prosperity ensued, building national self-confidence. McKinley brought in a new governing philosophy, one that dominated the 20th century, in which politics was the arena in which compromises among interest groups

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drew the nation's attention further away from Populist issues. If the movement was dead, however, its ideas were not. Once the Populists supported an idea, it became so tainted that the vast majority of American politicians rejected it; only years later, after the taint had been forgotten, was it

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real authority in regulating rates, extended the jurisdiction of the commission, and forced the railroads to surrender their interlocking interests in steamship lines and coal companies. Roosevelt held many meetings, and opened public hearings, in a successful effort to find a compromise for the

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Nonetheless, national elections in the Gilded Age were close, contentious, and attracted a lot of energy and voter enthusiasm. This began to change after William McKinley's victory in 1896. For 17 years afterward, the country came close to a one party Republican state and there were periods when

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opened up the far west mining and ranching regions. Travel from New York to San Francisco now took six days instead of six months. After the Civil War, many from the East Coast and Europe were lured west by reports from relatives and by extensive advertising campaigns promising "the Best Prairie

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In the South itself the interpretation of the tumultuous 1860s differed sharply by race. Americans often interpreted great events in religious terms. Historian Wilson Fallin contrasts the interpretation of Civil War and Reconstruction in white versus black using Baptist sermons in Alabama. White

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of 1916 established an eight-hour day for railroad labor and solidified the ties between the labor unions and the Democratic Party. The record of achievement won Wilson a firm place in American history as one of the nation's foremost liberal reformers. Wilson's domestic reputation would soon be

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Wilson, in a spirited campaign, defeated both rivals. Under his leadership, the new Congress enacted one of the most notable legislative programs in American history. Its first task was tariff revision. "The tariff duties must be altered," Wilson said. "We must abolish everything that bears any

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American Indians had the choice of living on reservations. The US government provided food, supplies, education and medical care. Individuals could move out on their own in Western society and earning wages, typically on a ranch. Reformers wanted to give as many American Indians as possible the

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Many self-styled progressives saw their work as a crusade against urban political bosses and corrupt "robber barons". There were increased demands for effective regulation of business, a revived commitment to public service, and an expansion of the scope of government to ensure the welfare and

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Although the eastern image of farm life on the prairies emphasizes the isolation of the lonely farmer and farm life, in reality rural folk created a rich social life for themselves. For example, many joined a local branch of the Grange; a majority had ties to local churches. It was popular to

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passed the nation's first legislation limiting the number of hours women and child factory workers could perform to 10 hours a day, virtually no labor legislation existed in the country. Child labor reached a peak around 1900 and then declined (except in Southern textile mills) as compulsory

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The nation's industrial base remained firmly rooted in the Northeast and Midwestern states. The South benefited less and remained poor, rural, and backward, although the abolition of slavery and the breakup of large plantations after the Civil War had a leveling effect and reduced the wealth

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grew rapidly, with a base in the German, Irish, Polish, and Italian immigrant communities, and a leadership drawn from the Irish. The Catholics were largely working class and concentrated in the industrial cities and mining towns, where they built churches, parochial schools, and charitable

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The pool of unskilled labor was constantly growing, as unprecedented numbers of immigrants—27.5 million between 1865 and 1918 —entered the U.S. Most were young men eager for work. The rapid growth of engineering and the need to master the new technology created a heavy demand for engineers,

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due to its lack of major port cities and the ethnic makeup of the non-black population remained primarily Anglo-Irish with small communities of Jews, French Huguenots, and Germans. Some Southerners felt keenly aware of their backwardness and believed the South ought to compete with Northern

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Few single men attempted to operate a farm; farmers clearly understood the need for a hard-working wife, and numerous children, to handle the many chores, including child-rearing, feeding and clothing the family, managing the housework, and feeding the hired hands. During the early years of

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with protective schedules that outraged progressive opinion. Protection was the ideological cement holding the Republican coalition together. High tariffs were used by Republicans to promise higher sales to business, higher wages to industrial workers, and higher demand for farm products.

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By the end of the Progressive Era various laws were introduced concerning workplace issues including those related to hours of labor, health and safety, levels and frequency of pay, rest periods, the employment of women and children, compensation for injuries, vacations, and provisions for

1791:, the United States became a united nation with a stronger national government. Reconstruction brought the end of legalized slavery plus citizenship for the former slaves, but their new-found political power was rolled back within a decade, and they became second-class citizens under a " 4668:

Progressive insurgents said it promoted monopoly. Democrats said it was a tax on the little man. It had greatest support in the Northeast, and greatest opposition in the South and West. The Midwest was the battle ground. Insurgents also complained about his opposition to statehood for

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Around 1912, the movement, which had grown sluggish, began to reawaken. This put an emphasis on its demands for equality and arguing that the corruption of American politics demanded purification by women because men could no longer do their job. Protests became increasingly common as

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was flattened by a devastating 1886 hurricane, he declined to give Federal relief funds for the town as he believed the Constitution did not grant him any such authority. "Although the people should support the government, the government should not support the people," Cleveland said.

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of the nation's natural resources and beautiful places was a very high priority for Roosevelt, and he raised the national visibility of the issue. The President called for a far-reaching and integrated program of conservation, reclamation and irrigation as early as 1901 in his

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Although U.S. capital investments within the Philippines and Puerto Rico were small, some politicians hoped they would be strategic outposts for expanding trade with Latin America and Asia, particularly China. That never happened and after 1903 American attention turned to the

3337:. When they expressed these concerns to Cleveland, he said "What is the use of being elected or reelected, unless you stand for something?" As was typical of the age, Cleveland took a conservative, constrained view of the Constitution and Federal powers. When the Texas port of 2244:

of 1862. Even larger numbers purchased lands at very low interest from the new railroads, which were trying to create markets. The railroads advertised heavily in Europe and brought over, at low fares, hundreds of thousands of farmers from Germany, Scandinavia and Britain.

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floated on the surface of the newly industrialized economy of the Second Industrial Revolution. It was further fueled by a period of wealth transfer that catalyzed dramatic social changes. It created for the first time a class of the super-rich "captains of industry", the

7483:"Department of the Interior Bureau of Education Bulletin, 1916, No. 14 State Pension Systems for Public-school Teachers Prepared for the Committee on Teachers' Salaries, Pensions, and Tenure of the National Education Association by W. Carson Ryan, Jr.. and Roberta King" 4728: 3475:

Immigrants were pushed out of their homelands by poverty or religious threats, and pulled to America by jobs, farmland and kin connections. They found economic opportunity at factories, mines and construction sites, and found farm opportunities in the Plains states.

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by 1914 and they were bankrolling revolutions that kept the country in political turmoil. The conquest resulted in a 19-year-long United States occupation of Haiti. Haiti was an exotic locale that suggested black racial themes to numerous American writers including

3321:". Voter enthusiasm and turnout during the period 1872–1892 was very high, often reaching practically all men. The major issues involved modernization, money, railroads, corruption, and prohibition. National elections, and many state elections, were very close. The 2009:. Hans Trefousse, his leading biographer, concludes that Stevens "was one of the most influential representatives ever to serve in Congress. the House with his wit, knowledge of parliamentary law, and sheer willpower, even though he was often unable to prevail." 3234:, "the IWW became a threat to the capitalist class, exactly when capitalist growth was enormous and profits huge." The IWW strongly opposed the 1917–18 war effort and faced a campaign of repression from the federal government. More than a few Wobblies, such as 3127:

At its peak, the Knights claimed 700,000 members. By 1890, membership had plummeted to fewer than 100,000, then faded away. The killing of policemen greatly embarrassed the Knights of Labor, which was not involved with the bomb but which took much of the blame.

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Annual Report of the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service of the United States for the fiscal year 1912, p. 10: Under an Act of March the 3rd 1901 “infectious diseases and matters pertaining to the public health were given definite status in

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institutions offered self-help and racial uplift, and provided places where the gospel of liberation could be proclaimed. As a result, black preachers continued to insist that God would protect and help them; God would be their rock in a stormy land.

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mobile, adaptable, responsible, independent and more in touch with nature than their urban or eastern counterparts. However other historians offer a grim portrait of loneliness, privation, abuse, and demanding physical labor from an early age.

2186:, that produced many prominent Indian leaders. The anti-assimilation traditionalists on the reservations, however, resisted integration. The reformers decided the solution was to allow Indians still on reservations to own land as individuals. 2178:

opportunity to own and operate their own farms and ranches, and the issue was how to give individual Indians land owned by the tribe. To assimilate the Indians into American society, reformers set up training programs and schools, such as the

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were strengthened and new ones adopted, raising age limits, shortening work hours, restricting night work, and requiring school attendance. By the early 20th century, most of the larger cities and more than half the states had established an

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champion of silver, won the Democrats' presidential nomination. The remaining Populists also endorsed Bryan, hoping to retain some influence by having a voice inside the Bryan movement. Despite carrying the South and all the West except

3333:, a reformer. During Cleveland's presidency, he pushed to have Congress cut tariff duties. He also expanded civil services and vetoed many private pension bills. Many people were worried that these issues would hurt his chances in the 4028:" stories about Spanish atrocities in Cuba. However, these lurid stories reached only a small fraction of voters; most read sober accounts of Spanish atrocities, and they called for intervention. On February 15, 1898, the battleship 3558:

institutions, as well as colleges. Catholic clergy in the United States were generally young, energetic, and had progressive ideas; they stood in sharp contrast to the stagnant, embattled, and reactionary Catholic Church in Europe.

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While most immigrants were welcomed, Asians were not. Many Chinese had been brought to the west coast to construct railroads, but unlike European immigrants, they were seen as being part of an entirely alien culture. After intense

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inequality that had become a serious problem in the late antebellum period--during the postwar years it became possible for many lower class Southerners to own land for the first time. The South did not attract immigration outside

4680:; and his growing reliance on the conservative wing of his party. His patron Roosevelt became his enemy by 1910. The Republican Party was divided, and an overwhelming vote swept the Democrats back into control of Congress in the 3819:

In 1897, the economy began to improve, mostly from restored business confidence. Silverites—who did not realize that most transactions were handled by bank checks, not sacks of gold—believed the new prosperity was spurred by the

2288:, corn huskings, and quilting bees. One could keep busy with scheduled Grange meetings, church services, and school functions. The womenfolk organized shared meals and potluck events, as well as extended visits between families. 4540:. Later, extension of government supervision over the railroads prompted the passage of major regulatory bills. One of the bills made published rates the lawful standard, and shippers equally liable with railroads for rebates. 3495:

Some immigrants stayed temporarily in the U.S. then returned home, often with savings that made them relatively prosperous. Most, however, permanently left their native lands and stayed in hope of finding a better life in the

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To finance the larger-scale enterprises required during this era, the corporation emerged as the dominant form of business organization. Corporations expanded by merging, creating single firms out of competing firms known as

2028:" knowing that Hayes proposed to end Army control over the remaining three state governments in Republican hands. White Northerners accepted that the Civil War was over and that Southern whites posed no threat to the nation. 4484:

caught between political machines and big corporations, to take political action. Many states enacted laws to improve the conditions under which people lived and worked. At the urging of such prominent social critics as

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saw the U.S. become the world's dominant economic, industrial, and agricultural power. The average annual income (after inflation) of non-farm workers grew by 75% from 1865 to 1900, and then grew another 33% by 1918.

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Historians in the 21st century typically consider Reconstruction to be a failure, but they "disagree on what caused Reconstruction to fail, focusing on whether it went too far, too fast or did not go far enough."

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Even before Reconstruction was officially concluded in 1877, the Supreme Court made a series of rulings curbing the 14th Amendment. Federal attempts at enforcing civil rights essentially ceased until the 1950s.

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of Montana, demonstrated that Women's Suffrage was a success. The main resistance came from the south, where white leaders were worried about the threat of black women voting. Nevertheless, Congress passed the

3368:(the rapid growth of cities) went hand in hand with industrialization (the growth of factories and railroads), as well as expansion of farming. The rapid growth was made possible by high levels of immigration. 3867:; many of the activists became politically aware during the abolitionist movement. The movement reorganized after the Civil War, gaining experienced campaigners, many of whom had worked for prohibition in the 4710:

candidate, but the ticket became widely known as the Bull Moose Party. The election was mainly a contest between Roosevelt and Wilson, Taft receiving little attention and carrying just eight electoral votes.

4617:. On the Democratic side, William Jennings Bryan ran for a third time, but managed to carry only the South. Taft, a former judge, first colonial governor of the U.S.-held Philippines and administrator of the 3748:

The pragmatic portion of the Populist platform focused on issues of land, railroads and money, including the unlimited coinage of silver. The Populists showed impressive strength in the West and South in the

7063: 7038: 3871:. By the end of the 19th century a few western states had granted women full voting rights, though women had made significant legal victories, gaining rights in areas such as property and child custody. 2079:, personal piety, and traditional race relations. Slavery, they insisted, had not been sinful. Rather, emancipation was a historical tragedy and the end of Reconstruction was a clear sign of God's favor. 4117:

ended in 1902 after Aguinaldo was captured and swore allegiance to the U.S. Likewise the other insurgents accepted American rule and peace prevailed, except in some remote islands under Muslim control.

1830:, 27.5 million new arrivals between 1865 and 1918 provided the labor base necessary for the expansion of industry and agriculture, as well as the population base for most of fast-growing urban America. 4613:

Roosevelt's popularity was at its peak as the campaign of 1908 neared, but he was unwilling to break the tradition by which no president had held office for more than two terms. Instead, he supported

6579: 4743:, who discovered the European nations had more efficient central banks that helped their internal business and international trade. The new organization divided the country into 12 districts, with a 4739:

of 1913 was one of Wilson's most enduring legislative accomplishments, for he successfully negotiated a compromise between Wall Street and the agrarians. The plan built on ideas developed by Senator

3101:, focused on skilled workers. His objectives were "pure and simple": increasing wages, reducing hours, and improving working conditions. As such, Gompers helped turn the labor movement away from the 3394:

From 1865 through 1918 an unprecedented and diverse stream of immigrants arrived in the United States, 27.5 million in total. In all, 24.4 million (89%) came from Europe, including 2.9 million from

7653: 4755:—paper dollars—to meet business demands. The Fed opened in 1914 and played a central role in funding the World War. After 1914, issues of money and banking faded away from the political agenda. 12941: 12445: 2052:") were in firm political and economic control of the south until the rise of the Populist movement in the 1890s. Local law enforcement was weak in rural areas, allowing outraged mobs to use 13661: 12630: 2248:

Despite their remarkable progress and general prosperity, 19th-century U.S. farmers experienced recurring cycles of hardship, caused primarily by falling world prices for cotton and wheat.

7749: 7622: 3306:, the Republican candidate, won a very close election, but a few months into his administration was shot by a disgruntled public office seeker. Garfield was succeeded by Vice President 14153: 12661: 5103:

argued in 2015, "Today, scholars believe that if the era was 'tragic,' it was not because Reconstruction was attempted but because it failed." Eric Foner, "Why Reconstruction Matters,"

12595: 12560: 6004: 4404:", permitted the professionalization and rationalization of the federal administration. However, local and municipal government remained in the hands of often-corrupt politicians, 3086:

garment workers, it was open to all workers, including African Americans, women, and farmers. The Knights grew slowly until they succeeded in facing down the great railroad baron,

12635: 12540: 12500: 12600: 12590: 12585: 12565: 7149: 7092: 14026: 12515: 12435: 7342: 7198: 6995: 6969: 6918: 3761:

were set in half-price silver dollars, railroads would go bankrupt in weeks, throwing hundreds of thousands of men out of work and destroying the industrial economy. Only the

1731: 7566: 7392: 7367: 7317: 7266: 7234: 4591:

as chief forester resulted in vigorous new scientific management of public lands. TR added 50 wildlife refuges, 5 new national parks, and initiated the system of designating

12550: 12545: 3745:, determined at last to make their mark on a U.S. political system that they viewed as hopelessly corrupted by the monied interests of the industrial and commercial trusts. 3105:

views earlier labor leaders had espoused. The AFL would gradually become a respected organization in the U.S., although it would have nothing to do with unskilled laborers.

5405:(1976) series D726 and D736 pp. 164–165. The data is in constant 1914 dollars, taking out the effects of deflation and inflation, and takes unemployment into account. 4439:

Trenchant articles dealing with trusts, high finance, impure foods, and abusive railroad practices began to appear in the daily newspapers and in such popular magazines as

3538:

Movement, which applied Christianity to social issues and gained its force from the Awakening, as did the worldwide missionary movement. New groupings emerged, such as the

3112:

in 1877, railroad workers across the nation went on strike in response to a 10-percent pay cut. Attempts to break the strike led to bloody uprisings in several cities. The

12640: 12605: 12510: 12485: 7665:

Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the Interior for the Year ... with Accompanying Papers Volume 1By United States. Bureau of Education, 1912

6943: 4807: 4802: 2263:

that reached out to farmers. It grew to 20,000 chapters and 1.6 million members. The Granges set up their own marketing systems, stores, processing plants, factories and

13743: 12625: 12575: 12555: 12530: 12520: 12495: 12480: 12460: 12430: 12420: 6889: 6864: 6707: 5473: 3349:", which could be identified in the rush of new public institutions that marked the period—hospitals, museums, colleges, opera houses, libraries, orchestras— and by the 2170:

to keep those choosing reservation life from threatening nearby tribes or settlers. The violence petered out in the 1880s and practically ceased after 1890. By 1880 the

2444:

In the fast-growing industrial sector, wages were about double the level in Europe, but the work was harder with less leisure. Economic depressions swept the nation in

13748: 12645: 12620: 12525: 12465: 12415: 12405: 3703:

to provide debt relief; the lowering of the tariff; and the establishment of government-owned storehouses and low-interest lending facilities. These were known as the

2159:

Expansion into the plains and mountains by miners, ranchers and settlers led to conflict with some of the regional American Indian tribes. The government insisted the

13843: 13183: 13053: 12535: 12475: 12410: 10247: 9426: 7447:"Laws Relating to 'mothers' Pensions' in the United States, Passed During the Years 1920 to 1923, Inclusive By United States. Children's Bureau, Lulu L. Eckman 1924" 4758:

To resolve the long-standing dispute over trusts, the Wilson Administration dropped the "trust-busting" legal strategies of Roosevelt and Taft and relied on the new

4373:

President William McKinley was enjoying great popularity as he began his second term, but it would be cut short. In September 1901, while attending an exposition in

4079:

as the key to opening new trade routes. The Spanish–American War thus began the active, globally oriented American foreign policy that continues to the present day.

992: 544: 5110: 12490: 12455: 7470: 4172:

fell through but under Roosevelt's leadership the U.S. built a canal through Panama, after finding a public health solution to the deadly disease environment. The

2260: 7720: 3722:

in the South and small third parties in the West, the Farmers' Alliance made a push for political power. From these elements, a new political party, known as the

14433: 13313: 12615: 12570: 12470: 12247: 11734: 11221: 11083: 4649: 4297: 3834: 2207: 15192: 13920: 13688: 13522: 13178: 10109: 9928: 3916: 3144: 1975: 1939: 854: 711: 3162:, soon brought the nation's railway industry to a halt. The shutdown of rail traffic meant the virtual shutdown of the entire national economy, and President 14209: 13776: 13666: 10550: 4641: 1995: 1963:), and almost removed him from office (in the Senate) in 1868. Meanwhile, they gave the South's "freedmen" new constitutional and federal legal protections. 1282: 15265: 13544: 11066: 6549: 4778:

overshadowed by his record as a wartime president who led his country to victory but could not hold the support of his people for the peace that followed.

3791:

neared. The Democratic convention that year was witness to one of the most famous speeches in U.S. political history. Pleading with the convention not to "

4571:

Cartoonist admires the strict TR who teaches the childish coal barons a lesson; they raised the pay rates for minors, but did not recognize the union. By

4384:

Political corruption was a central issue, which reformers hoped to solve through civil service reforms at the national, state, and local level, replacing

3526:

from the late 1850s to the 1900s. It affected pietistic Protestant denominations and had a strong sense of social activism. It gathered strength from the

2452:, with low prices for farm goods and heavy unemployment in factories and mines. Full prosperity returned in 1897 and continued (with minor dips) to 1920. 1959:, winning enough seats in Congress to override President Johnson's vetoes of such legislation. They even successfully impeached President Johnson (in the 15353: 15187: 13581: 10273: 10263: 4246: 1018: 1008: 4350:

expressed jubilation over the successful outcome of the war with Spain, the restoration of prosperity, and the effort to obtain new markets through the

4334:

produce in time a people as base as itself. The power to mould the future of the Republic will be in the hands of the journalists of future generations.

4322:

A new spirit of the times, known as "Progressivism", arose in the 1890s and into the 1920s (although some historians date the ending with World War I).

3090:, in an 1885 strike. Within a year, they added 500,000 workers to their rolls, far more than the thin leadership structure of the Knights could handle. 2024:. To deal with disputed electoral votes, Congress set up an Electoral Commission. It awarded the disputed votes to Hayes. The white South accepted the " 14121: 13979: 10069: 9916: 2342: 2341:

shifted production from artisans to factories, the Second Industrial Revolution pioneered an expansion in organization, coordination, and the scale of

2301: 1724: 1251: 814: 7708: 4039:. Although it was unclear precisely what caused the blast, many Americans believed it to be the work of a Spanish mine, an attitude encouraged by the 2345:, spurred on by technology and transportation advancements. Railroads opened the West, creating farms, towns, and markets where none had existed. The 13683: 13470: 12699: 10987: 8406: 7291:

The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 8, No. 2 (Jan., 1894), Social and Economic Legislation of the States in 1893 by William B. Shaw, pp. 232–233

5209: 1656: 4926: 2357:

labor, provided access to previously remote expanses of land. Railway construction boosted opportunities for capital, credit, and would-be farmers.

14175: 14148: 13465: 10469: 10094: 10043: 7675: 4381:

by an anarchist. He was the third president to be assassinated, all since the Civil War. Vice President Theodore Roosevelt assumed the presidency.

1938:

in March 1865, to aid former enslaved people in finding education, health care, and employment. The final abolition of slavery was achieved by the

1209: 839: 788: 16063: 15579: 15435: 14523: 14483: 12819: 10104: 9922: 9817: 9355: 8556:

Jensen, Richard. "Democracy, Republicanism and Efficiency: The Values of American Politics, 1885–1930," in Byron Shafer and Anthony Badger, eds,

7698:

The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 10, No. 2 (Jan., 1896), Social and Economic Legislation of the States in 1895 by William B. Shaw, P. 228

7435:

Summary of State Laws Relating to the Dependent Classes, 1913 By United States. Bureau of the Census, Edwin Munsell Bliss, Joseph Adna Hill, 1914

7219:

The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 11, No. 2 (Jan., 1897), Social and Economic Legislation of the States in 1896 by William B. Shaw, p. 196

6518:

Wertheim, Stephen (2009). "Reluctant Liberator: Theodore Roosevelt's Philosophy of Self-Government and Preparation for Philippine Independence".

4506:

Laws, which made employers legally responsible for injuries sustained by employees at work. New revenue laws were also enacted, which, by taxing

4059:'s fleet crushed the Spanish in the faraway Philippines. Spain capitulated, ending the three-month-long war and recognizing Cuba's independence. 849: 665: 7687:

The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 5, No. 3 (Apr., 1891), Social and Economic Legislation of the States in 1890 by William B. Shaw, p. 396

7643:

The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 6, No. 2 (Jan., 1892), Social and Economic Legislation of the States in 1891 by William B. Shaw, p. 231

7016:

The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 7, No. 2 (Jan., 1893), Social and Economic Legislation of the States in 1892 by William B. Shaw, p. 187

14331: 13249: 12736: 10239: 8818: 7027:

The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 9, No. 2 (Jan., 1895), Social and Economic Legislation of the States in 1894 by William B. Shaw p. 199

3151:

was called in to guard the plant; non-union workers were hired and the strike broken. The Homestead plant completely barred unions until 1937.

984: 5605:

Fink, Leon (1988). "The New Labor History and the Powers of Historical Pessimism: Consensus, Hegemony, and the Case of the Knights of Labor".

16058: 15140: 14545: 13781: 12988: 12689: 10226: 4325:

In 1904, reflecting the age, and perhaps prescient of difficulties arising in the early part of the next millennium (including the rise of a

3932: 3928: 1860:, which unexpectedly brought a small empire. Cuba quickly was given independence, and the Philippines eventually became independent in 1946. 1717: 7981: 2059:

Historians' interpretations of the Radical Republicans have dramatically shifted over the years, from the pre-1950 view of them as tools of

14163: 13760: 13576: 13517: 13100: 13058: 12814: 12809: 12804: 12799: 12794: 12784: 12779: 12774: 12769: 10134: 10074: 9973: 9720: 9648: 9549: 9460: 9436: 9342: 9139: 9062: 9010: 8930: 7139:

Minimum-wage Laws of the United States: Construction and Operation : Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. 285

4797: 4518:

retirement. In addition, various laws related to social welfare, housing, education, relief of farmers, and public health were introduced.

4068: 3883: 1974:

of Freedmen, sympathetic local whites, and recent arrivals from the North to take control of Southern state governments. They ratified the

879: 819: 704: 643: 621: 588: 555: 500: 434: 401: 368: 335: 244: 239: 4145:, passed in 1916, increased Filipino self-governance and guaranteed eventual Philippine independence, which was finally achieved in 1946. 1833:

By the late nineteenth century, the United States had become a leading global industrial power, building on new technologies (such as the

15488: 15287: 15130: 15025: 14770: 14508: 13628: 13539: 13281: 13266: 13148: 10905: 10253: 10015: 9830: 7514: 4677: 3481: 3377: 2368:, combined with similar innovations in chemistry and other sciences to vastly improve productivity. New communication tools, such as the 1673: 1630: 998: 760: 4329:

in the land trying to array society into two camps), the Hungarian born Joseph Pulitzer wrote about the dangers ahead for the republic:

15113: 14628: 14623: 14613: 13986: 13715: 12963: 10596: 10542: 10506: 10079: 9468: 6068: 5956: 5894: 5864: 5834: 5659: 4092: 2305: 1328: 1273: 1246: 824: 7302:

California Progressive Campaign for 1914 Three Years of Progressive Administration in California Under Governor Hiram W. Johnson p. 80

15589: 15282: 15225: 15118: 14947: 14389: 12892: 10152: 10089: 10084: 10037: 9446: 8998: 8958: 7088: 4347: 4158: 2772: 2150: 1971: 897: 834: 829: 796: 782: 717: 7338: 7194: 6991: 6965: 6914: 3108:

In times of economic depression, layoffs and wage cuts angered workers, leading to violent labor conflicts in 1877 and 1894. In the

2334:. The average annual income (after inflation) of non-farm workers grew by 75% from 1865 to 1900, and then grew another 33% by 1918. 2101:

sovereignty, backed by armed force, then Reconstruction looks like what in that respect it was, a lasting and unappreciated success.

15329: 15125: 14618: 14106: 14046: 13606: 13261: 13153: 13003: 11059: 10511: 10423: 10409: 10268: 10219: 10172: 10167: 10114: 10064: 10009: 9512: 9377: 9189: 7562: 7434: 7388: 7363: 7313: 7254: 7230: 7182: 7171: 3860: 3846: 3788: 3750: 3718:, a noted populist writer and agitator, told farmers that they needed to "raise less corn and more hell". Working with sympathetic 3513: 3334: 3322: 3299: 2354: 1816: 1163: 1149: 1013: 964: 917: 912: 859: 809: 754: 8312:. "Democracy, Republicanism and Efficiency: The Values of American Politics, 1885–1930," in Byron Shafer and Anthony Badger, eds, 7138: 2376:

allowed corporate managers to coordinate across great distances. Innovations also occurred in how work was organized, typified by

15444: 15235: 15208: 15167: 15162: 15135: 15065: 14952: 14748: 14555: 14143: 13967: 13865: 13497: 10895: 10555: 10501: 10099: 10058: 10029: 9601: 4707: 3646: 2780: 1796: 1620: 1241: 844: 803: 774: 7446: 6939: 3780:; unemployment soared and crop prices fell badly. The crisis, and President Cleveland's inability to solve it, nearly broke the 1934:

had announced moderate plans for reconstruction to re-integrate the former Confederates as fast as possible. Lincoln set up the

15336: 15045: 14728: 14633: 14463: 14411: 14372: 13939: 13934: 13788: 13725: 13678: 13656: 13621: 13276: 13132: 10162: 10001: 9986: 9911: 9894: 8104: 5470: 2741: 1960: 907: 746: 731: 6703: 15784: 15152: 15040: 14910: 14814: 14723: 14647: 14192: 14158: 13173: 13163: 13158: 13016: 13011: 12875: 12840: 11023: 10591: 10488: 10396: 10141: 10023: 9980: 9845: 8813: 8808: 8795: 8495: 7594: 7551:

The Housing Problem in War and in Peace, By Charles Harris Whitaker, Frederick L. Ackerman, and Edith Elmer Wood, 1918, p. 94

7114: 4490: 4204: 4016:. The Cubans had been in a state of rebellion since the 1870s, and American newspapers, particularly New York City papers of 3868: 3485: 2160: 1695: 1323: 1287: 1228: 1136: 886: 768: 725: 533: 323: 9933: 7489: 6043: 3941:

Republican campaign poster, 1900, compares prosperity now with depression in 1896, and stresses humanitarian foreign policy.

3226:

via direct action at the point of production prompted swift and decisive action from the state, especially during and after

1922:

Reconstruction was the period from 1863 to 1877, in which the federal government temporarily took control—one by one—of the

15348: 15245: 15182: 15172: 15055: 14846: 14809: 14738: 14570: 14535: 14086: 13816: 13549: 13320: 13271: 13244: 13168: 13127: 9807: 8720: 4254: 3554: 3117: 16053: 16048: 16043: 16038: 16033: 16028: 15428: 15304: 15292: 15230: 14987: 14478: 14377: 13974: 13633: 13529: 13413: 11052: 11013: 10430: 10180: 9733: 9673: 9263: 8777: 5104: 4633: 3140: 3116:

took place in 1886, when an anarchist allegedly threw a bomb that killed several police dispersing a strike rally at the

2767: 2542: 2326:

nation. Land and labor, the diversity of climate, the ample presence of railroads (as well as navigable rivers), and the

2267:. Most went bankrupt. The movement also enjoyed some political success during the 1870s. A few Midwestern states passed " 2216:

Map of the United States, 1870–80. Orange indicates statehood, light blue territories, and green unorganized territories.

2044:" that made blacks second-class citizens with very little political power or public voice. The white elites (called the " 1842: 1683: 1170: 925: 305: 79: 6025:

The Wobblies in Their Heyday: The Rise and Destruction of the Industrial Workers of the World during the World War I Era

15865: 15741: 15277: 15218: 15103: 15098: 15035: 14797: 14758: 14718: 14565: 14518: 14498: 14111: 13738: 13733: 13638: 13586: 13115: 12870: 12729: 11075: 11008: 10495: 10258: 10119: 10051: 9991: 9785: 9288: 9278: 9194: 8040: 7524: 6037: 5936: 5137: 5093: 4966: 4748: 4393: 4138: 4122: 2474: 2163:

either move into the general society and become assimilated, or remain on assigned reservations. State and territorial

1909: 1856:

It was also during this period that the United States began to emerge as a global superpower. The U.S. easily defeated

1678: 1235: 1003: 864: 736: 191: 100: 15920: 15848: 15814: 15319: 15299: 15250: 15240: 15108: 15030: 15007: 14967: 14831: 14821: 14698: 14673: 14580: 14560: 14038: 13828: 13554: 12936: 10157: 10147: 9683: 9320: 9157: 8740: 8442: 8375: 8220: 8127: 6776: 6645: 6559: 6502: 6471: 6386: 6081: 5969: 5907: 5877: 5847: 5772: 5743: 5672: 5589: 5564: 4867: 4832: 4812: 4657: 4608: 4592: 4378: 4211: 3686: 3365: 2651: 2179: 1808: 902: 892: 293: 207: 15324: 15270: 15255: 15157: 14992: 14468: 14421: 14416: 14318: 14245: 13945: 13710: 13239: 12671: 10456: 9710: 9539: 9372: 9332: 9211: 8745: 7301: 6682: 5697: 4862: 4656:

by the people, replacing the prior system established in the original Constitution, in which they were selected by

4544: 4527: 4370:

to his tired-out free silver rhetoric, but he was defeated in the face of peace, prosperity and national optimism.

4339: 4281:

detachment, seized 100 horses and mules, burned the town, and killed 17 of its residents. President Woodrow Wilson

4133: 3946: 3787:

The Democratic Party, which supported silver and free trade, absorbed the remnants of the Populist movement as the

3719: 3714:

lost half its population during a four-year span. By 1890, the level of agrarian distress was at an all-time high.

3606: 3489: 3206:" for all workers regardless of sex, race or skills, the Wobblies gained many adherents after they won a difficult 3179: 2913: 2785: 2636: 2064: 2017: 1827: 1820: 1765: 1196: 971: 610: 71: 7839: 7160: 4342:

gave the U.S. a chance to pass judgment on the McKinley Administration, especially its foreign policy. Meeting at

4218:

but even more important was the threat of a possible German takeover of the island. Germans controlled 80% of the

15358: 15147: 15088: 14997: 14888: 14863: 14360: 14350: 13915: 13833: 13771: 13755: 13601: 13596: 13360: 13340: 13330: 13325: 12679: 10657: 10391: 10347: 9743: 9241: 9097: 7867: 5730:

Urban Disorder and the Shape of Belief: The Great Chicago Fire, the Haymarket Bomb, and the Model Town of Pullman

4852: 4842: 4837: 4645: 4628:

Taft continued the prosecution of trusts, further strengthened the Interstate Commerce Commission, established a

4584: 3435: 3354: 3275: 3187: 3065: 2988: 2346: 2137:

providing free land to citizens and the railroads selling cheap lands to European farmers, the settlement of the

2129: 1389: 1131: 1082: 171: 8571: 8141: 4412:". Henceforth, the spoils system survived much longer in many states, counties, and municipalities, such as the 15758: 15753: 15421: 15341: 15015: 14962: 14878: 14868: 14836: 14765: 14753: 14708: 14595: 14493: 14355: 14275: 14265: 14051: 13908: 13611: 13569: 13512: 13286: 13197: 10127: 9996: 9763: 7115:"Chronological Development of Labor Legislation for Women in the United States By Florence Patteson Smith 1932" 4857: 4847: 4827: 4596: 4552: 3781: 3723: 3620: 3586: 3174: 2686: 2681: 2330:

all fostered the cheap extraction of energy, fast transport, and the availability of capital that powered this

872: 741: 8423:

Woman suffrage parade in Washington March 3, 1913, the day before the inauguration of President Woodrow Wilson

3886:(NAWSA), which favored a more moderate approach and supported the Democratic Party and Woodrow Wilson, led by 3093:

The Knights of Labor soon fell into decline, and their place in the labor movement was gradually taken by the

3078:

The first major effort to organize workers' groups on a nationwide basis appeared with The Noble Order of the

15768: 15093: 14957: 14873: 14804: 14775: 14713: 14603: 14575: 14219: 13591: 13484: 12722: 10842: 10451: 10436: 10371: 10361: 10332: 10322: 9860: 8419: 5297:

Chad Montrie, "'Men Alone Cannot Settle a Country:' Domesticating Nature in the Kansas-Nebraska Grasslands,"

4817: 3616: 3252:

The "Gilded Age" that was enjoyed by the topmost percentiles of American society after the recovery from the

2973: 2053: 2006: 1927: 1784: 1574: 1191: 1176: 1106: 1096: 1067: 1057: 8683: 15829: 15674: 15548: 15388: 15381: 15314: 15177: 15060: 14982: 14972: 14826: 14787: 14743: 14703: 14660: 14608: 14540: 14513: 14473: 14451: 14260: 14074: 14021: 13954: 13811: 13767: 13695: 13616: 13534: 13345: 13209: 13038: 12946: 12754: 12694: 10441: 10415: 10401: 10376: 10366: 10317: 10233: 9840: 9350: 9124: 9018: 8803: 8729: 8012: 4872: 4822: 4693: 4681: 4664: 4572: 3919:

in 1919. It became a constitutional law on August 26, 1920, after ratification by the 36th required state.

3727: 3295:

Democrats were nearly reduced to a regional Southern party. Voter turnout and enthusiasm sharply fell off.

3262: 3258: 3148: 3094: 2948: 2478: 2421: 2331: 1956: 1947: 1850: 1181: 1155: 1141: 1111: 1101: 1052: 978: 511: 271: 195: 187: 32: 7471:

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Sam L. Rogers. Director, The Blind in the United States 1910

1807:

the nation was mostly dominated by Republicans (except for two Democratic presidents). After 1900 and the

15945: 15704: 15635: 15309: 15260: 15075: 14977: 14900: 14782: 14678: 14503: 14488: 14426: 14061: 14016: 13823: 13705: 13559: 12425: 10871: 10767: 10337: 9606: 8983: 8948: 8091: 5607: 5512: 4920: 4114: 4088: 1605: 1499: 1072: 1062: 203: 7936:

Smith, John S. (1962). "Organized Labor and Government in the Wilson Era: 1913–1921: Some Conclusions".

15736: 15709: 15213: 15083: 14915: 14895: 14883: 14693: 14683: 14365: 14270: 13883: 13873: 13400: 13395: 13385: 13380: 12902: 10461: 10446: 10311: 9825: 9167: 8943: 8913: 8878: 8661: 8462: 8076:

The Republic for Which It Stands: The United States During Reconstruction and the Gilded Age, 1865-1896

7709:

Revolt of the Tar Heels The North Carolina Populist Movement, 1890-1901 By James M. Beeby, 2008, p. 107

6284:

D. W. Griffith's The Birth of a Nation: A History of "The Most Controversial Motion Picture of All Time

4763: 4637: 3419: 3022: 2958: 1201: 1186: 1046: 15574: 14792: 14098: 13903: 13898: 13460: 12914: 12505: 12440: 12380: 12375: 12370: 12365: 12360: 12355: 12350: 12345: 12340: 12335: 12330: 12325: 12320: 12315: 12310: 12305: 12300: 12295: 12290: 12285: 12280: 12275: 12270: 12265: 12260: 12255: 12237: 12232: 12227: 12222: 12217: 12212: 12207: 12202: 12197: 12192: 12187: 12182: 12177: 12172: 12167: 12162: 12157: 12152: 12147: 12142: 12137: 12132: 12127: 12122: 12117: 12112: 12107: 12102: 12097: 12092: 12087: 12082: 12077: 12072: 12067: 12062: 12057: 12052: 12047: 12042: 12037: 12032: 12027: 12022: 12017: 12012: 12007: 12002: 11997: 11992: 11987: 11982: 11977: 11972: 11967: 11962: 11957: 11952: 11947: 11942: 11937: 11932: 11927: 11922: 11917: 11912: 11907: 11902: 11897: 11892: 11887: 11882: 11877: 11872: 11867: 11862: 11857: 11852: 11847: 11842: 11837: 11832: 11827: 11822: 11817: 11812: 11807: 11802: 11797: 11792: 11787: 11782: 11777: 11772: 11767: 11762: 11757: 11752: 11747: 11742: 11724: 11719: 11714: 11709: 11704: 11699: 11694: 11689: 11684: 11679: 11674: 11669: 11664: 11659: 11654: 11649: 11644: 11639: 11634: 11629: 11624: 11619: 11614: 11609: 11604: 11599: 11594: 11589: 11584: 11579: 11574: 11569: 11564: 11559: 11554: 11549: 11544: 11539: 11534: 11529: 11524: 11519: 11514: 11509: 11504: 11499: 11494: 11489: 11484: 11479: 11474: 11469: 11464: 11459: 11454: 11449: 11444: 11439: 11434: 11429: 11424: 11419: 11414: 11409: 11404: 11399: 11394: 11389: 11384: 11379: 11374: 11369: 11364: 11359: 11354: 11349: 11344: 11339: 11334: 11329: 11324: 11319: 11314: 11309: 11304: 11299: 11294: 11289: 11284: 11279: 11274: 11269: 11264: 11259: 11254: 11249: 11244: 11239: 11234: 11229: 11211: 11206: 11201: 11196: 11191: 11186: 11181: 11176: 11171: 11166: 11161: 11156: 11151: 11146: 11141: 11136: 11131: 11126: 11121: 11116: 11111: 11106: 11101: 11096: 11091: 10951: 10936: 10926: 10885: 10807: 10772: 10342: 9409: 9236: 9206: 8975: 8070: 4560:, which threatened the fuel supplies of urban America. Meanwhile, Congress had created a new Cabinet 4270: 3891: 3523: 2978: 2706: 2646: 2315: 2195: 1610: 1539: 1504: 1077: 566: 163: 8519: 6620:

The General and the Jaguar: Pershing's Hunt for Pancho Villa: A True Story of Revolution and Revenge

3124:

US holiday, but on the first weekend of September to avoid the socialistic connotations of May Day.

15935: 15601: 15536: 14905: 14285: 14255: 14250: 14240: 14006: 13962: 13803: 13564: 13350: 13214: 13028: 12968: 10956: 10931: 10847: 10752: 10712: 10304: 9850: 9693: 9678: 9579: 9527: 9485: 9473: 9310: 9112: 8713: 7516:

The Handbook of Social Policy 2000 Edited by James Midgley, Martin B. Tracy, and Michelle Livermore

4759: 4503: 4168: 4102: 3967: 3829: 3777: 3443: 3434:, but various ethnic groups settled in different locations. New York and other large cities of the 2953: 2928: 2656: 2557: 2457: 2377: 2067:

of the 1950s and afterwards, who applauded their efforts to give equal rights to the freed slaves.

1857: 1579: 1484: 1444: 1039: 199: 9387: 8030: 7987: 5083: 3741:

Its first convention was in 1892, when delegates from farm, labor and reform organizations met in

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organize activities that combined practical work, abundant food, and simple entertainment such as

2194:

supported by Federal food, medicine and schooling. In 1934, U.S. policy was reversed again by the

2083:

In sharp contrast, Black preachers interpreted the Civil War, emancipation and Reconstruction as:

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McCartin, Joseph A.; et al. (1999). "Power, politics, and 'pessimism of the intelligence".

4261:; the reason for the intervention was Woodrow Wilson's desire to overthrow the Mexican dictator 15789: 15726: 15509: 15397: 14851: 14201: 14011: 13991: 13793: 13648: 13443: 13390: 13375: 13219: 12907: 12610: 10977: 10961: 10900: 10727: 10642: 10586: 9870: 9802: 9738: 9666: 9431: 9184: 9129: 9040: 8963: 8868: 8853: 8100: 5735: 4629: 4561: 4363: 4106: 4098: 3796: 3731: 3543: 3159: 2933: 2903: 2895: 2666: 2183: 1923: 1772: 1646: 1625: 1459: 1374: 1318: 390: 4956: 3812:, Bryan lost the more populated, industrial North and East—and the election—to the Republican 15875: 15731: 15553: 15463: 15050: 14733: 13848: 13405: 13370: 13365: 13308: 13291: 13021: 12684: 10762: 10757: 10632: 10355: 9906: 9889: 9865: 9758: 9753: 9700: 9522: 9490: 9298: 9283: 8873: 8848: 8833: 6728:

Bailey, Thomas A. (1937). "Was the Presidential Election of 1900 A Mandate on Imperialism?".

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Report of the Commissioner of Education Volume 1 By United States. Office of Education, 1916

5727: 5127: 4547:

he called for still more drastic railroad regulation, and in June 1906, Congress passed the

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of Christ would come after mankind had reformed the entire earth. A major component was the

3265:

social world that possessed clearly defined boundaries. The term "Gilded Age" was coined by

283: 15880: 15799: 15794: 15514: 15402: 14530: 14404: 14295: 13673: 13105: 13085: 13033: 12983: 12924: 12855: 11033: 10852: 10817: 10722: 10697: 10386: 9883: 9835: 9775: 9611: 9532: 9392: 9315: 9273: 9152: 9102: 9087: 9070: 8970: 8858: 8828: 8641: 4752: 4744: 4653: 4355: 4274: 4228: 4193: 3792: 3730:

brought the new party into coalitions that controlled parts of state government in a dozen

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appealed to immigrants with this 1906 cover page celebrating their arrival at Ellis Island.

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within his own party who feared that the former Confederates would never truly give up on

1912:, businessmen and soldiers the right to vote for the first time in 1867, as celebrated by 8: 15860: 15669: 15623: 15594: 14942: 14858: 14668: 14384: 14069: 13700: 12897: 10837: 10787: 10742: 10732: 10717: 10707: 10692: 10672: 10647: 10637: 10627: 10381: 10201: 10191: 9633: 9382: 9075: 8993: 8988: 8938: 8838: 8706: 8399: 7550: 6574: 4792: 4736: 4614: 4579: 4557: 4359: 4180: 3997: 3993: 3989: 3887: 3855:

Alice Paul stands victorious before the Women's Suffrage Amendment's ratification banner.

3461: 3199: 3058: 2938: 2592: 2413: 2365: 2013: 2012:

Reconstruction ended at different times in each state, the last in 1877, when Republican

1943: 1873: 1804: 1569: 1519: 1474: 1464: 1449: 1439: 1424: 1404: 1379: 1369: 1359: 1121: 946: 936: 346: 149: 125: 48:. The post Civil War era saw the rise of the United States as a major industrial economy. 8679:

Photographs of prominent politicians, 1861-1922; these are pre-1923 and out of copyright

8595:

A Fierce Discontent: The Rise and Fall of the Progressive Movement in America, 1870–1920

8393: 8238: 7339:"November 1898 : Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor, No. 19, Volume III" 6992:"November 1902 : Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor, No. 43, Volume VII" 2075:

God had chastised them and given them a special mission – to maintain orthodoxy, strict

15993: 15960: 15925: 15804: 15721: 15699: 15679: 15645: 14182: 14170: 13888: 13878: 13855: 13838: 13234: 12978: 12973: 12845: 10857: 10832: 10737: 10677: 10652: 10622: 10612: 10211: 10206: 10196: 10186: 9899: 9877: 9397: 9256: 9231: 9201: 9162: 9045: 8888: 8547: 8334: 8258: 7064:"November 1897 : Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor, No. 13, Volume II" 6966:"November 1904 : Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor, No. 55, Volume IX" 6833: 6765: 6745: 6674: 6634: 6427: 6419: 6334: 6123: 6029: 5812: 5624: 5537: 5529: 5154:

Nothing Like It In The World; The Men Who Built the Transcontinental Railroad 1863–1869

5012: 4787: 4669: 4511: 4250: 4236: 4048: 3903: 3902:" pickets at the White House, the first time such a tactic was used, and were taken as 3821: 3650: 3638: 3633: 3318: 3298:

With the end of Reconstruction, there were few major political issues at stake and the

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was ratified in 1870 giving African-Americans the right to vote in American elections.

1967: 1914: 1899: 1869: 1812: 1800: 1788: 1749: 1589: 1564: 1469: 1409: 1384: 1354: 1344: 956: 951: 941: 931: 467: 445: 219: 183: 145: 67: 15413: 8558:

Contesting Democracy: Substance and Structure in American Political History, 1775–2000

8361: 8314:

Contesting Democracy: Substance and Structure in American Political History, 1775–2000

8054: 7746:"States Laws and Regulations Pertaining to Public Health Adopted During the Year 1915" 7513:

Midgley, James; Tracy, Martin B.; Livermore, Michelle; Livermore, Michelle M. (2000).

3976:

Post-Spanish–American War map of "Greater America", including Cuba and the Philippines

1982:

enforced civil rights protections for African-Americans that were being challenged in

15980: 15965: 15841: 15809: 15763: 14925: 14081: 13433: 12931: 12850: 12835: 11029: 10792: 10747: 10687: 10662: 10617: 10560: 9797: 9628: 9441: 9028: 8823: 8784: 8504: 8491: 8438: 8371: 8309: 8216: 8123: 8036: 7520: 7039:"November 1896 : Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor, No. 7, Volume I" 6940:"July 1906 : Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor, No. 65, Volume XIII" 6772: 6641: 6555: 6531: 6498: 6467: 6461: 6431: 6382: 6077: 6033: 5965: 5932: 5903: 5873: 5843: 5768: 5761: 5739: 5728: 5668: 5585: 5560: 5541: 5133: 5089: 4962: 4618: 4405: 4374: 4262: 4224: 4040: 4025: 3547: 3539: 3411: 3032: 2983: 2918: 2861: 2671: 2527: 2327: 2323: 2256:

owners (who purchased their crop), railroads and eastern bankers for the low prices.

2220: 2111: 2049: 1846: 1761: 1701: 1524: 1479: 1419: 1394: 1349: 1292: 311: 133: 129: 95: 8278: 8268:

Laissez Faire and the General-Welfare State: A Study of Conflict in American Thought

3438:

became home to large Jewish, Irish, and Italian populations, while many Germans and

3345:

The dominant social class of the Northeast possessed the confidence to proclaim an "

1966:

The Radicals' reconstruction plans took effect in 1867 under the supervision of the

15975: 15855: 15650: 15584: 15531: 15473: 14841: 14688: 14394: 14214: 13224: 13065: 13048: 13043: 12882: 10822: 10702: 10667: 10565: 10480: 10475: 9966: 9404: 9367: 9293: 9251: 9147: 9107: 8908: 8903: 7945: 7856: 6825: 6737: 6527: 6411: 5991: 5616: 5521: 5440: 5004: 4716: 4622: 4409: 4367: 4351: 4286: 4258: 4219: 4110: 4029: 3950: 3911: 3899: 3813: 3590: 3447: 3353:

architectural idiom in which they splendidly stood forth, after Chicago hosted the

3330: 3163: 3132: 3079: 3017: 3007: 2562: 2470: 2361: 2121: 2063:

motivated by partisanship and hatred of the white South, to the perspective of the

2021: 2002: 1979: 1838: 1554: 1434: 1399: 1297: 1220: 1215: 697: 522: 179: 141: 137: 121: 8635: 8205: 7587: 7482: 6245:

American Catholic: The Saints and Sinners Who Built America's Most Powerful Church

5416:

Railroads Triumphant: The Growth, Rejection, and Rebirth of a Vital American Force

15955: 15950: 15618: 15478: 15458: 14550: 14326: 14224: 13996: 13296: 13229: 12998: 12919: 12865: 10890: 10827: 10782: 10682: 9688: 9621: 9517: 9478: 9362: 9305: 9177: 9080: 8978: 8898: 8893: 8843: 8674:

H-SHGAPE discussion forum for people studying the Gilded Age and Progressive Era

8600: 8481: 8283: 8158: 7966: 7871: 7843: 7745: 7618: 7195:"November 1907: Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor, No. 73, Volume XV" 6023: 5995: 5790:

The Pullman Strike the Story of a Unique Experiment and of a Great Labor Upheaval

5701: 5477: 5114: 4930: 4588: 4536:", and initiated a policy of increased Federal supervision in the enforcement of 4507: 4477: 4309: 4232: 4184: 4164: 4021: 4009: 3954: 3953:, who had risen to national prominence six years earlier with the passage of the 3754: 3742: 3696: 3574: 3467: 3326: 3317:" complained that powerful parties made for corruption during the Gilded Age or " 3211: 3037: 2851: 2809: 2731: 2517: 2409: 1931: 1865: 1757: 1615: 1559: 1514: 1414: 489: 113: 87: 8673: 6915:"November 1900: Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor, No. 31, Volume V" 6607:

Taking Haiti: Military Occupation and the Culture of U.S. Imperialism, 1915–1940

5498:

The Myth of the Robber Barons: A New Look at the Rise of Big Business in America

4389: 4113:

declared independence and in 1899 began fighting the occupying U.S. troops. The

1879: 15899: 15746: 15628: 15613: 15521: 15483: 15020: 14920: 14303: 13438: 13428: 13423: 13418: 13090: 12953: 12887: 10570: 9638: 9616: 9594: 9572: 9567: 9092: 9023: 8953: 8698: 8590: 8165: 8111: 8060: 8016: 7091:. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor, Nos. 1 - 100. September 1905. 6545: 4740: 4699: 4495: 4470: 4452: 4385: 4013: 4005: 4001: 3981: 3664: 3582: 3570: 3527: 3501: 3439: 3415: 3307: 3303: 3191: 3155: 3113: 3098: 3051: 2876: 2871: 2856: 2819: 2641: 2487: 2350: 2253: 2171: 2134: 1983: 1952: 1302: 379: 153: 117: 7949: 7341:. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor, Nos. 1 - 100. November 1898. 7269:. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor, Nos. 1 - 100. November 1909. 7197:. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor, Nos. 1 - 100. November 1907. 7066:. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor, Nos. 1 - 100. November 1897. 7041:. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor, Nos. 1 - 100. November 1896. 6994:. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor, Nos. 1 - 100. November 1902. 6968:. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor, Nos. 1 - 100. November 1904. 6917:. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor, Nos. 1 - 100. November 1900. 6892:. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor, Nos. 1 - 100. November 1910. 6867:. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor, Nos. 1 - 100. November 1911. 6829: 6816:

Scott, James C. (1969). "Corruption, Machine Politics, and Political Change".

6415: 5525: 4203:

resigned after the triumph of U.S.-backed rebels. This was followed up by the

3738:

states and sent a score of Populist senators and representatives to Congress.

2212: 16022: 15892: 15887: 15558: 15468: 14001: 13301: 13110: 12745: 11044: 9780: 9557: 8331:

The Third Electoral System 1853–1892: Parties, Voters, and Political Cultures

7161:

Wage-payment Legislation in the United States by Robert Gildersleeve Paterson

6073: 5961: 5928: 5899: 5869: 5839: 5664: 4537: 4417: 4401: 4293:

to capture Villa failed in its objectives and was withdrawn in January 1917.

4188: 4129: 4036: 3769: 3762: 3704: 3562: 3535: 3531: 3446:, obtaining jobs in industry and mining. At the same time, about one million 3427: 3407: 3395: 3253: 3219: 3195: 2801: 2736: 2696: 2661: 2587: 2449: 2445: 2433: 2241: 2041: 57: 7697: 7686: 7642: 7290: 7218: 7026: 7015: 6310:

How the Vote Was Won: Woman Suffrage in the Western United States, 1868–1914

3882:

led parades through the capitol and major cities. Paul split from the large

3382: 3120:

in Chicago. Anarchists were arrested and convicted, weakening the movement.

2259:

The first organized effort to address general agricultural problems was the

14308: 14280: 13335: 9769: 9705: 9246: 8353: 8171: 7977: 6019: 5482: 4499: 4481: 4456: 4447: 4441: 4425: 4413: 4397: 4343: 4266: 4240: 4173: 4097:

The U.S. acquired the Philippines from Spain on December 10, 1898, via the

4076: 4056: 4052: 3985: 3674: 3431: 3261:" whose network of business, social and family connections ruled a largely 3083: 2881: 2846: 2829: 2726: 2711: 2676: 2626: 2621: 2613: 2547: 2461:

education laws kept children in school. It was finally ended in the 1930s.

2285: 2268: 2138: 2060: 2005:

was one of the major policymakers regarding Reconstruction, and obtained a

175: 8568:

The Ghost at the Feast: America and the Collapse of World Order, 1900–1941

8032:

The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Military and Diplomatic History, 2 vol

7150:

Labor Firsts in America By United States. Department of Labor, 1977, p. 22

6942:. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor, Nos. 1 - 100. July 1906. 6297:

Populist Revolt: A History of the Farmers' Alliance and the People's Party

5803:

Wish, Harvey (1939). "The Pullman Strike: A Study in Industrial Warfare".

5055:

Vernon Burton, "Civil War and Reconstruction," in William L. Barney, ed.,

4766:" by business concerns in interstate trade. In addition a second law, the 4480:

writers bolstered aims of certain sectors of the population, especially a

3186:

The most militant working class organization of the 1905–1920 era was the

2208:

History of agriculture in the United States § Railroad Age: 1860–1910

1886: 16007: 15970: 15940: 15904: 15835: 15820: 15664: 14585: 14116: 13453: 13355: 13095: 12958: 12714: 9661: 9589: 9505: 9325: 9050: 8605:

The Era of Theodore Roosevelt and the Birth of Modern America, 1900–1912.

8561: 8483:

The executive branch of federal government: people, process, and politics

8317: 7831:

Stanley D. Solvick, "William Howard Taft and the Payne-Aldrich Tariff."

6063: 5951: 5889: 5859: 5829: 5654: 5445:

The Entrepreneurial Adventure: A History of Business in the United States

4774: 4548: 4533: 4486: 4154: 4060: 3895: 3876: 3710:

During the late 1880s, a series of droughts devastated the West. Western

3611: 3455: 3403: 3231: 3227: 3167: 2755: 2582: 2552: 2532: 2401: 2393: 2310: 2264: 2198:

which attempted to protect tribal and communal life on the reservations.

1987: 1904: 1861: 215: 211: 8385:(Macmillan, 1937). 791pp; comprehensive old-fashioned political history 8193: 7423: 7412: 6678: 6662: 5816: 5694: 4044:

affairs and severed diplomatic relations. War was declared on April 25.

3158:, just outside Chicago, led to a strike, which, with the support of the 2141:

was swiftly accomplished, and the frontier had virtually ended by 1890.

15640: 15606: 13448: 13254: 13080: 13075: 12993: 12397: 9748: 9656: 9562: 9495: 9268: 8383:

A History of the United States since the Civil War. Volume V, 1888–1901

8297: 8248: 8146: 8133: 8116: 8001: 7836: 6837: 6749: 6423: 5628: 5533: 5193:

The Great Father: The United States Government and the American Indians

5100: 5016: 4703: 4465: 3879: 3805: 3691:

By 1880, the Granger movement began to decline and was replaced by the

3280: 3266: 3247: 3223: 3027: 2721: 2716: 2425: 2369: 1834: 1753: 632: 478: 83: 9584: 7864: 7807:

The Wilderness Warrior: Theodore Roosevelt and the Crusade for America

7794:

The Wilderness Warrior: Theodore Roosevelt and the Crusade for America

6580:

The Path Between the Seas: The Creation of the Panama Canal, 1870–1914

15655: 14937: 14930: 9414: 9033: 8883: 8617:

Thelen, David P. "Social Tensions and the Origins of Progressivism,"

6271:

The Betrayal of the Negro from Rutherford B. Hayes to Woodrow Wilson,

4460: 4326: 3700: 3500:. This desire for freedom and prosperity led to the famous term, the 3497: 3338: 3102: 3087: 2836: 2577: 2572: 2417: 2373: 2322:

From 1865 to about 1913, the U.S. grew to become the world's leading

2190: 2076: 2045: 1991: 1864:(and some smaller islands) became permanent U.S. territories, as did 8634:; 904pp; full scale scholarly biography; winner of Pulitzer Prize; 8622: 8612:

The Progressive Years: The Spirit and Achievement of American Reform

6741: 5620: 5008: 4167:; public opinion (overruling McKinley) led to the short, successful 3972: 2349:, built by nationally oriented entrepreneurs with British money and 13120: 13070: 9790: 9728: 9500: 9419: 8390:

History of the United States from the Compromise of 1850: 1877–1896

8324:

Industry Comes of Age, Business, Labor, and Public Policy 1860–1897

8257:(1959), scholarly survey, strong on economic and political history 8185:(1995). Text uses primary documents to present opposing viewpoints. 6402:

Morgan, H. Wayne (1966). "William McKinley as a Political Leader".

5429:

One Best Way: Frederick Winslow Taylor and the Enigma of Efficiency

5390:

Industry Comes of Age, Business, Labor, and Public Policy 1860–1897

5085:

The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Military and Diplomatic History

4663:

Yet balanced against these achievements was Taft's support for the

4421: 3800: 3773: 3642: 3147:, were fired upon by strikers and 10 were killed. As a result, the 2691: 2116: 1799:

that would stand for the next 80–90 years. Politically, during the

1792: 1771:

This period of rapid economic growth and soaring prosperity in the

8121:

America's Reconstruction: People and Politics After the Civil War.

8106:

The Sequel of Appomattox, A Chronicle of the Reunion of the States

7588:"State Laws Relating to Education Enacted in 1915, 1916, and 1917" 7089:"Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor, No. 60, Volume XI" 5351:

Growing Up with the Country: Childhood on the Far Western Frontier

5070:

Uplifting the People: Three Centuries of Black Baptists in Alabama

4473:

exposed unsanitary conditions in the Chicago meat packing houses.

2507: 8396:; old, factual and heavily political, by winner of Pulitzer Prize 6792:

Kingseed, Wyatt (2001). "The Assassination of William McKinley".

6005:

We Shall Be All: A History of the Industrial Workers of the World

5310:

Karl Ronning, "Quilting in Webster County, Nebraska, 1880–1920,"

4429: 3399: 3314: 3166:

acted vigorously. He secured injunctions in federal court, which

2866: 2237: 2096:

However, historian Mark Summers in 2014 sees a positive outcome:

1942:, ratified in December 1865. However, Lincoln was opposed by the 38: 5763:

The Battle for Homestead, 1880–1892: Politics, Culture and Steel

5678:"But to this day it has not been discovered who threw the bomb." 4314: 4187:, stating that the United States would intervene in cases where 2056:

to redress alleged-but-often-unproven crimes charged to blacks.

8688: 8289:

1968 scholarly survey, strong on economic and political history

7654:

Bulletin Issues 1–4 By United States. Office of Education, 1910

4396:(or Pendleton Act), which placed most federal employees on the 3809: 3711: 3566: 3451: 3423: 3082:

in 1869. Originally a secret, ritualistic society organized by

2814: 2429: 2225: 7512: 5286:

Agrarian Women: Wives and Mothers in Rural Nebraska, 1880–1940

4943:

With Charity for All: Lincoln and the Restoration of the Union

2360:

New technologies in iron and steel manufacturing, such as the

6803: 6447:

Imperial Democracy: The Emergence of America as a Great Power

6379:

Reticent Expansionism: The Foreign Policy of William McKinley

6128:

The Gilded Age: Perspectives on the Origins of Modern America

4567: 4125: 3851: 3825: 3143:, whom the company had hired to break a bitter strike by the 2824: 7619:"State Laws Relating to Education, Enacted in 1918 and 1919" 5510:

Hoffmann, Charles (1956). "The Depression of the Nineties".

3238:, were beaten or lynched by mobs or died in American jails. 8275:

The Cleveland Era: A Chronicle of the New Order in Politics

6232:

The Fourth Great Awakening and the Future of Egalitarianism

4354:. The 1900 election was mostly a repeat of 1896 except for 4064: 3565:

grew rapidly, largely from immigrants fleeing anti-Semitic

3279:, employing the ironic difference between a "gilded" and a 248: 8693: 8448:

Buenker, John D., John C. Burnham, and Robert M. Crunden.

8358:

John D. Rockefeller: The Heroic Age of American Enterprise

8348:

From Hayes to McKinley: National Party Politics, 1877–1896

8190:

The Ordeal of the Reunion: A New History of Reconstruction

8151:

Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877

6112:

From Hayes to McKinley: National Party Politics, 1877–1896

5129:

The Ordeal of the Reunion: A New History of Reconstruction

4727: 4121:

Roosevelt continued the McKinley policies of removing the

3673:(1915), the first great American film, made heroes of the 2428:

encouraged the availability of cheap labor, especially in

2007:

House vote of impeachment against President Andrew Johnson

235: 6850:

John D. Buenker, John C. Burnham, and Robert M. Crunden,

6219:

A History of Christianity in the United States and Canada

2174:, a foundation for the hunting economy, had disappeared. 1849:

such as coal, timber, oil, and farmland, to usher in the

8658:

The Gilded Age and Progressive Era: A Documentary Reader

5714:

Beyond Labor's Veil: The Culture of the Knights of Labor

5375:

Lillian Schlissel, Byrd Gibbens and Elizabeth Hampsten,

4995:

Peskin, Allan (1973). "Was There a Compromise of 1877".

4808:

Timeline of the history of the United States (1900–1929)

4803:

Timeline of the history of the United States (1860–1899)

4214:, in 1915, followed the mob execution of Haiti's leader 4163:

The U.S. demanded Spain stop its oppressive policies in

15443: 4702:, the Democratic, progressive governor of the state of 4636:, and sponsored the enactment of two amendments to the 4432:

held out against civil service reform until the 1970s.

8474:

A Very Different Age: Americans of the Progressive Era

6490:

Bound to Empire: The United States and the Philippines

5689:

Marcella Bencivenni, "The Untold Story of Haymarket."

5338:

Long Vistas: Women and Families on Colorado Homesteads

3145:

Amalgamated Association of Iron, Steel and Tin Workers

2032:

South," which typically voted for the (then-)socially

8292:

Hoffmann, Charles. "The depression of the nineties."

6339:

The Ideas of the Women's Suffrage Movement: 1890–1920

5125: 6363:

Elizabeth Frost-Knappman and Kathryn Cullen-Dupont,

5234:

Farms and Farmers: The Story of American Agriculture

4652:, ratified in 1913, mandated the direct election of 3430:, and from 1892, through the immigration station on 2456:

technicians, and skilled workers. Before 1874, when

1930:. Before his assassination in April 1865, President 8435:

Encyclopedia of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era.

8343:

Syracuse University Press 1970. interpretive essays

8245:

New Spirits: Americans in the Gilded Age, 1865–1905

8213:

Encyclopedia of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era.

7971:

The American Nation: A History of the United States

6594:

Velvet on Iron: The Diplomacy of Theodore Roosevelt

5559:(7th ed.). Harlan Davidson. pp. 166–207. 4532:

Roosevelt, a progressive Republican, called for a "

8403:The farmer's last frontier: agriculture, 1860–1897 7316:. Labor Legislation of 1912-32. 15 December 1914. 6764: 6633: 6323:Inventing the American Woman: An Inclusive History 5760: 5364:Settlers' Children: Growing Up on the Great Plains 5206:The Farmer's Last Frontier: Agriculture, 1860–1897 3984:, but by the second half of the 19th century only 3833:possible to achieve Populist reforms, such as the 3465:Celebrating ethnic pluralism on 4th of July. 1902 2302:United States technological and industrial history 8028: 7924:Woodrow Wilson and the Progressive Era: 1910–1917 7911:Woodrow Wilson and the Progressive Era: 1910–1917 6551:In Our Image: America's Empire in the Philippines 4954: 4255:U.S. troops occupied the Mexican port of Veracruz 16020: 14149:Native American recognition in the United States 8728: 8689:The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History 8684:Fordham University Links on American Imperialism 8270:, 1865–1901. University of Michigan Press, 1956. 6182:(1980) covers the history of all the main groups 5805:Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society 5273:Rich Harvest: A History of the Grange, 1867–1900 5081: 4247:Limited American intervention occurred in Mexico 3484:in California and the west, Congress passed the 3325:saw a mudslinging campaign in which Republican 2236:The federal government issued 160-acre (65 8304:Depression of the nineties; an economic history 8021:The American Pageant: A History of the Republic 7565:. Labor Legislation of 1912-32. December 1915. 7366:. Labor Legislation of 1912-32. December 1921. 6463:The Spanish–American War and President McKinley 5377:Far from Home: Families of the Westward Journey 4543:Following Roosevelt's landslide victory in the 3816:with his campaign slogan "A Full Dinner Pail". 2144: 11074: 8360:(1940); 710pp; favorable scholarly biography; 8228:American Politics in the Gilded Age, 1868–1900 7721:"Public Health Reports Volume 28, Part 2 1914" 7267:"Review of Labor Legislation of 1908 and 1909" 6756: 6180:Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups 5555:Dubofsky, Melvyn; Dulles, Foster Rhea (2004). 5554: 5247:Farmer's Last Frontier: Agriculture, 1860–1897 4902: 4900: 4416:ring, which survived well into the 1930s when 2240:) tracts virtually free to settlers under the 1868:(added by purchase in 1867). The independent 1746:history of the United States from 1865 to 1917 15429: 14546:Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States 12730: 11060: 8999:Drafting and ratification of the Constitution 8714: 8656:Link, William A., and Susannah J. Link, eds. 8427: 8051:Recent History Of The United States 1865–1929 7391:. Labor Legislation of 1912-32. August 1918. 6493:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 6352:Alice Paul and the American Suffrage Campaign 4318:Child laborer, Newberry, South Carolina, 1908 3059: 1725: 9923:Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization 8316:(U of Kansas Press, 2001) pp. 149–180; 8083: 8079:(Oxford History of the United States, 2017). 8011: 5323:Nathan B. Sanderson, "More Than a Potluck," 4894:(1976) series D726 and D736 pp. 164–165 3884:National American Woman Suffrage Association 3488:in 1882. An informal agreement in 1907, the 2036:for all local, state, and national offices. 7973:(14th ed. 2011); university and AP textbook 7233:. Labor Legislation of 1912-32. June 1917. 6154:The Emergence, of Modern America, 1865–1878 4897: 4510:, laid the groundwork for the contemporary 3378:History of immigration to the United States 1821:nationwide prohibition of alcohol 1920–1933 1809:assassination of President William McKinley 15436: 15422: 12744: 12737: 12723: 11067: 11053: 8721: 8707: 8433:Buenker, John D. and Joseph Buenker, eds. 8368:The Emergence of Modern America, 1865–1878 8255:Politics, Reform, and Expansion, 1890–1900 8211:Buenker, John D. and Joseph Buenker, eds. 8023:(15th ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin. 7986:. U.S. Department of State. Archived from 6206:A Religious History of the American People 6167:Historical Statistics of the United States 6099:The Emergence of Modern America, 1865–1878 5403:Historical Statistics of the United States 5178:Robert M. Utley, and Wilcomb E. Washburn, 4908:Historical Statistics of the United States 4892:Historical Statistics of the United States 4055:gained fame in Cuba. Meanwhile, Commodore 3600: 3066: 3052: 2420:, known collectively by their critics as " 2306:Industrial Revolution in the United States 1732: 1718: 31: 14159:Federally recognized Alaska Native tribes 9447:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 8528:America in the Progressive Era, 1890–1914 8176:The Emergence of Modern America 1865–1878 6636:America in the Progressive Era, 1890–1914 6381:. Pittsburgh: Duquesne University Press. 6350:Katherine H. Adams and Michael L. Keene, 6000:An evaluation of the standard history by 5918: 5916: 4521: 4424:modernized its bureaucracy in 1917 under 3996:, and some African possessions remained: 3933:History of U.S. foreign policy, 1897–1913 3929:History of U.S. foreign policy, 1861–1897 3581:, these new Jewish Americans avoided the 2271:", limiting railroad and warehouse fees. 2151:Cultural assimilation of Native Americans 1783:With a victory in 1865 over the Southern 8627: 8542:The Response to Industrialism, 1885–1914 8418: 8199: 6791: 6660: 6517: 6466:. Lawrence: University of Kansas Press. 6258:The Jews of the United States, 1654–2000 6169:(1976) series C89–C119, pp. 105–109 6001: 5981: 5734:. University of Chicago Press. pp. 5509: 5456:Melvyn Dubofsky and Foster Rhea Dulles, 4798:History of the United States (1918–1945) 4726: 4566: 4451:. Their authors, such as the journalist 4313: 3971: 3936: 3850: 3610: 3514:History of religion in the United States 3460: 3381: 3173: 2309: 2219: 2211: 2115: 1903: 1885: 1878: 245:History of the United States (1917–1945) 240:History of the United States (1849–1865) 14210:List of counties and county equivalents 9602:Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. 6069:A People's History of the United States 6018: 5957:A People's History of the United States 5895:A People's History of the United States 5865:A People's History of the United States 5835:A People's History of the United States 5787: 5660:A People's History of the United States 5579: 5496:Burton W. Folsom and Forrest McDonald, 5165:Ray Allen Billington and Martin Ridge, 4958:Historical Dictionary of Reconstruction 4632:and a parcel post system, expanded the 4047:The Spanish were quickly defeated, and 3772:heightened the tension of this debate. 2439: 265:This article is part of a series on the 16064:History of the United States by period 16021: 8560:(U of Kansas Press, 2001) pp 149–180; 6727: 6544: 6486: 6401: 6376: 5922: 5913: 5758: 5132:. U. North Carolina Press. p. 4. 4994: 4251:a long period of anarchy and civil war 4205:1912–1933 U.S. occupation of Nicaragua 4093:History of the Philippines (1898–1946) 2040:created a segregated society through " 15417: 12718: 11048: 10530: 10292: 9954: 8758: 8702: 8479: 7976: 7935: 7885:The Presidency of William Howard Taft 7820:The Presidency of William Howard Taft 7112: 6890:"Review of Labor Legislation of 1910" 6865:"Review of labor legislation of 1911" 6815: 6771:. Lawrence: Regents Press of Kansas. 6762: 6631: 6459: 6224: 5725: 5643:The A.F. of L. in the time of Gompers 4400:and marked the end of the so-called " 4159:Latin America–United States relations 3847:Women's suffrage in the United States 3753:, and their candidate for president, 3135:of 1892 at Carnegie's steel works in 2464: 1893: 1826:In an unprecedented wave of European 16059:Progressive Era in the United States 8006:Give Me Liberty! An American History 7833:Mississippi Valley Historical Review 6730:Mississippi Valley Historical Review 5802: 5604: 3118:McCormick Harvesting Machine Company 2295: 15445:International relations (1814–1919) 8630:Woodrow Wilson, Volume I, Volume II 8183:Reconstruction: Opposing Viewpoints 8067:(8th ed. 2009), university textbook 8008:(3rd ed. 2011), university textbook 7998:(8th ed. 2011), university textbook 6444: 5925:A History of America in Ten Strikes 5057:A Companion to 19th-century America 5044:Origins of the New South, 1877–1913 4687: 4289:, into Mexico to pursue Villa. The 3840: 3835:direct popular election of Senators 3577:. Settling primarily in and around 2742:Workers' right to access the toilet 2071:preachers expressed the view that: 1876:by the U.S. as a territory in 1898. 13: 9289:Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act 9279:Assassination of James A. Garfield 8650: 8646:(1967), influential interpretation 8578:Progressivism: The Critical Issues 8333:U of North Carolina Press, (1979) 7959: 6972:from the original on 29 April 2022 6946:from the original on 21 April 2021 6767:The Presidency of William McKinley 5767:. University of Pittsburgh Press. 4919:"The First Vote" by William Waud, 4303: 4283:responded by sending 12,000 troops 4179:In 1904, Roosevelt announced his " 3869:Women's Christian Temperance Union 3793:crucify mankind on a cross of gold 3154:Two years later, wage cuts at the 2475:Labor history of the United States 1918:on its front cover, Nov. 16, 1867. 675: Modern Era 192:Assassination of James A. Garfield 14: 16075: 13555:Director of National Intelligence 9321:Assassination of William McKinley 8667: 8457:Dictionary of the Progressive Era 8138:A Short History of Reconstruction 7113:Smith, Florence Patteson (1932). 6818:American Political Science Review 4983:A Short History of Reconstruction 4868:Presidency of William Howard Taft 4833:Presidency of Rutherford B. Hayes 4813:Timeline of the American Old West 4609:Presidency of William Howard Taft 4602: 4253:starting in 1910. In April 1914, 4212:U.S. military occupation of Haiti 4071:were ceded to the United States. 3961: 3922: 3360: 3302:was the quietest in a long time. 2408:Powerful industrialists, such as 2180:Carlisle Indian Industrial School 208:Assassination of William McKinley 13711:Government Accountability Office 11028: 11019: 11018: 10983: 10982: 9540:Assassination of John F. Kennedy 9333:Nadir of American race relations 9212:Assassination of Abraham Lincoln 8287:The New Commonwealth, 1877–1890, 7929: 7916: 7903: 7890: 7877: 7849: 7825: 7812: 7799: 7786: 7773: 7763: 7738: 7713: 7702: 7691: 7680: 7669: 7658: 7647: 7636: 7611: 7580: 7555: 7544: 7506: 7475: 7464: 7439: 7428: 7417: 7406: 7381: 7356: 7331: 7306: 7295: 7284: 7259: 7248: 7223: 7212: 7187: 7176: 7165: 7154: 7143: 7132: 7106: 7081: 7056: 7031: 7020: 7009: 6984: 6958: 6932: 6907: 6882: 6857: 6532:10.1111/j.1741-5705.2009.03688.x 6286:(Oxford University Press, 2007). 6074:Harper Perennial Modern Classics 5962:Harper Perennial Modern Classics 5900:Harper Perennial Modern Classics 5870:Harper Perennial Modern Classics 5840:Harper Perennial Modern Classics 5665:Harper Perennial Modern Classics 5582:Child Labor: An American History 5314:(1992) Vol. 13, pp. 169–191 4863:Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt 4585:first annual message to Congress 4562:Department of Commerce and Labor 4528:Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt 4420:reformed its own civil service. 4148: 3765:, they said, offered stability. 3607:Nadir of American race relations 3492:, stopped Japanese immigration. 3426:. Most came through the port of 3422:. Another 1.7 million came from 3180:Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire 2637:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 2506: 1955:. However, the Radicals won the 1766:immigration in the United States 1700: 1691: 1690: 1652: 1651: 282: 247: 234: 72:Nadir of American race relations 9242:First transcontinental railroad 8643:The Search For Order, 1877–1920 8413:The Gilded Age Press, 1865–1900 8130:, short well-illustrated survey 8029:Lynch, Timothy J., ed. (2013). 7913:(1954), pp. 43–53, 258–259 7752:from the original on 2023-01-20 7727:from the original on 2023-01-20 7625:from the original on 2023-01-20 7600:from the original on 2022-12-04 7569:from the original on 2022-04-24 7533:from the original on 2023-01-20 7495:from the original on 2017-02-26 7453:from the original on 2023-01-20 7395:from the original on 2022-04-24 7370:from the original on 2022-04-24 7345:from the original on 2022-04-29 7320:from the original on 2022-04-24 7273:from the original on 2022-04-24 7237:from the original on 2022-04-24 7201:from the original on 2022-04-28 7121:from the original on 2021-07-11 7095:from the original on 2022-04-29 7070:from the original on 2022-04-29 7045:from the original on 2022-04-29 6998:from the original on 2022-04-29 6921:from the original on 2022-04-29 6896:from the original on 2022-04-24 6871:from the original on 2022-04-24 6844: 6809: 6785: 6721: 6710:from the original on 2021-05-09 6696: 6685:from the original on 2021-01-01 6654: 6625: 6612: 6599: 6586: 6568: 6538: 6511: 6480: 6453: 6438: 6395: 6370: 6357: 6344: 6328: 6315: 6302: 6289: 6276: 6263: 6250: 6237: 6211: 6198: 6185: 6172: 6159: 6146: 6141:The New Commonwealth, 1877–1890 6133: 6117: 6104: 6087: 6057: 6046:from the original on 2023-01-20 6012: 5975: 5945: 5883: 5853: 5823: 5796: 5781: 5752: 5719: 5706: 5683: 5648: 5635: 5598: 5573: 5548: 5503: 5490: 5471:The Dark Side of the Gilded Age 5463: 5450: 5434: 5421: 5408: 5395: 5382: 5369: 5356: 5343: 5330: 5317: 5304: 5291: 5278: 5265: 5252: 5239: 5226: 5214: 5198: 5195:(1986) pp. 181–241, 311–25 5185: 5172: 5159: 5146: 5119: 5075: 5062: 5049: 4853:Presidency of Benjamin Harrison 4843:Presidency of Chester A. Arthur 4838:Presidency of James A. Garfield 4298:occupied the Dominican Republic 4269:led 1,500 Mexican raiders in a 3890:, and formed the more militant 3276:The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today 3188:Industrial Workers of the World 3171:court order to cease striking. 2347:first transcontinental railroad 2130:first transcontinental railroad 172:First transcontinental railroad 15354:Separation of church and state 13570:National Reconnaissance Office 13513:President of the United States 6520:Presidential Studies Quarterly 5469:Bacon, Katie (June 12, 2007). 5126:Mark Wahlgren Summers (2014). 5082:Timothy J. Lynch, ed. (2013). 5036: 5031:The Strange Career of Jim Crow 5023: 4988: 4975: 4948: 4935: 4913: 4884: 4858:Presidency of William McKinley 4848:Presidency of Grover Cleveland 4828:Presidency of Ulysses S. Grant 4621:, made some progress with his 4597:Devils Tower National Monument 4553:Interstate Commerce Commission 4199:In 1909, Nicaraguan President 4082: 3789:presidential elections of 1896 3687:People's Party (United States) 3371: 2687:Occupational safety and health 2682:Occupational safety and health 2274: 1: 15815:Kronstadt–Toulon naval visits 15769:1917 Franco-Russian agreement 15759:Japan–Korea Annexation Treaty 8694:Shapell Manuscript Foundation 8341:The Gilded Age: A Reappraisal 8168:570 pp; chapter on each state 8164:(1906), history of era using 7859:, "The American tariff map". 6095:The Gilded Age: A Reappraisal 4818:Presidency of Abraham Lincoln 4764:unfair methods of competition 4762:to issue orders prohibiting " 4747:in each, all supervised by a 4715:semblance of privilege." The 4502:. Equally important were the 4340:presidential election of 1900 3241: 2810:Chronological list of strikes 2018:presidential election of 1876 1795:" system of deeply pervasive 230: 42: 15675:Second Industrial Revolution 15549:League of the Three Emperors 13716:Government Publishing Office 13184:Technological and industrial 10410:Hispanic and Latino American 9264:Second Industrial Revolution 9098:Nat Turner's slave rebellion 8804:Exploration of North America 8730:History of the United States 8445:; 900 essays by 200 scholars 8235:National Problems: 1880–1897 8223:; 900 essays by 200 scholars 8206:Gilded Age § References 8065:America: A Narrative History 6704:"A quote by Joseph Pulitzer" 5996:10.1080/00236719912331387682 5584:. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe. 4873:Presidency of Woodrow Wilson 4823:Presidency of Andrew Johnson 4694:Presidency of Woodrow Wilson 4358:being added as a new issue ( 3980:Spain had once controlled a 3898:were arrested during their " 3699:—of the railroads; currency 3355:World's Columbian Exposition 3263:White Anglo-Saxon Protestant 3095:American Federation of Labor 2479:American Federation of Labor 2396:or from organizing strikes. 2332:Second Industrial Revolution 2145:American Indian assimilation 2048:"—the southern wing of the " 1851:Second Industrial Revolution 1150:Hispanic and Latino American 196:American Federation of Labor 188:Second Industrial Revolution 80:Second Industrial Revolution 21:The United States of America 7: 15705:Treaty of Versailles (1871) 15188:Women's reproductive health 14154:Federally recognized tribes 14017:Public utilities commission 13921:Public Health Service Corps 13824:Code of Federal Regulations 13706:Congressional Budget Office 13560:Central Intelligence Agency 13466:Water supply and sanitation 12893:Declaration of Independence 9934:Indictments of Donald Trump 9125:First Industrial Revolution 8959:Declaration of Independence 8949:Second Continental Congress 8619:Journal of American History 8467:Woodrow Wilson: A Biography 8381:Oberholtzer, Ellis Paxson. 8294:Journal of Economic History 8092:Reconstruction Bibliography 7898:Woodrow Wilson: A Biography 7364:"Labor legislation of 1920" 7314:"Labor Legislation of 1914" 7231:"Labor Legislation of 1916" 6663:"The College of Journalism" 6365:Women's Suffrage in America 6165:U.S. Bureau of the Census, 5691:Reviews in American History 5608:Journal of American History 5557:Labor in America: A History 5513:Journal of Economic History 5458:Labor in America: A History 5401:U.S. Bureau of the Census, 5223:(1975) p. 437 series K1–K16 5088:. Oup USA. pp. 204–5. 4997:Journal of American History 4906:U.S. Bureau of the Census, 4890:U.S. Bureau of the Census, 4781: 4672:because of its progressive 4455:, who crusaded against the 4024:, printed sensationalized " 3680: 3522:was a period of renewal in 3507: 3386:The Sunday magazine of the 3313:Reformers, especially the " 3182:killed 146 garment workers. 2339:First Industrial Revolution 2105: 1764:and the resulting surge of 1760:, and includes the rise of 10: 16080: 16054:1910s in the United States 16049:1900s in the United States 16044:1890s in the United States 16039:1880s in the United States 16034:1870s in the United States 16029:1860s in the United States 15754:Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905 14366:Red states and blue states 14271:City commission government 14266:Council–manager government 11076:Years in the United States 10531: 10293: 9955: 9826:Killing of Osama bin Laden 8914:First Continental Congress 8759: 8537:(1974), essays by scholars 8428:Progressive Era: 1896–1917 8203: 6554:. New York: Random House. 4961:. Greenwood. p. 214. 4955:Hans L. Trefousse (1991). 4691: 4638:United States Constitution 4606: 4525: 4307: 4249:as that country fell into 4152: 4128:(with compensation to the 4086: 3965: 3947:landslide election victory 3926: 3844: 3776:abounded in the South and 3684: 3604: 3511: 3420:Central and Eastern Europe 3375: 3323:1884 presidential election 3300:1880 presidential election 3245: 3156:Pullman Palace Car Company 2468: 2299: 2224:Grange poster hailing the 2205: 2201: 2148: 2109: 1957:critical elections of 1866 1908:Reconstruction gave male, 1897: 15913: 15777: 15690: 15575:European balance of power 15567: 15502: 15451: 15375: 15201: 15074: 15006: 14659: 14655: 14646: 14594: 14459: 14450: 14346: 14317: 14294: 14233: 14200: 14191: 14134: 14122:Comparison of governments 14097: 14060: 14037: 13953: 13933: 13864: 13802: 13724: 13647: 13505: 13496: 13492: 13483: 13205: 13196: 13141: 13101:Post-Cold War (1991–2008) 12942:drafting and ratification 12915:Articles of Confederation 12828: 12762: 12753: 12670: 12654: 12396: 12389: 12246: 11733: 11220: 11082: 11004: 10970: 10914: 10878: 10866: 10605: 10579: 10541: 10537: 10526: 10299: 10288: 9961: 9950: 9816: 9719: 9647: 9548: 9459: 9410:Wall Street Crash of 1929 9341: 9222: 9207:Emancipation Proclamation 9138: 9061: 9009: 8976:Articles of Confederation 8929: 8814:Native American epidemics 8794: 8769: 8765: 8754: 8736: 8636:online free; 2nd ed. 1965 8628:Walworth, Arthur (1958). 8614:(1962), primary documents 8607:survey by leading scholar 8161:The Reconstruction Period 8084:Reconstruction: 1863–1877 7994:Divine, Robert A. et al. 7950:10.1080/00236566208583906 7255:Labor Legislation of 1912 7183:Labor Legislation of 1919 7172:Labor Legislation of 1918 6830:10.1017/S0003055400263247 6667:The North American Review 6661:Pulitzer, Joseph (1904). 6416:10.1017/s0034670500013188 6178:Stephan Thernstrom, ed., 6002:Dubofsky, Melvyn (1969). 5693:(2014) 42#2 pp: 309–316. 5580:Hindman, Hugh D. (2002). 5526:10.1017/S0022050700058629 5487:Retrieved March 24, 2014. 5327:, (2008) 89#3 pp. 120–131 3861:women's suffrage movement 3524:Evangelical Protestantism 3329:was defeated by Democrat 3230:. According to historian 2773:International comparisons 2707:Right to rest and leisure 2647:Employment discrimination 2316:Edgar Thomson Steel Works 2196:Indian Reorganization Act 1815:". They demanded—and won— 243: 233: 225: 164:Reconstruction Amendments 159: 109: 63: 53: 30: 25: 20: 15866:Venezuela Naval Blockade 15537:Anglo-Russian Convention 15141:Prescription drug prices 14261:Mayor–council government 14251:Coterminous municipality 14241:Consolidated city-county 14007:Agriculture commissioner 13657:House of Representatives 13565:National Security Agency 13215:Contiguous United States 12690:Northern Mariana Islands 10896:Northern Mariana Islands 9469:Strike wave of 1945–1946 8480:Dirck, Brian R. (2007), 8188:Summers, Mark Wahlgren. 8159:Hamilton, Peter Joseph. 7996:America Past and Present 7563:"Labor Legislation 1915" 7389:"Labor Legislation 1917" 6763:Gould, Lewis L. (1980). 6632:Gould, Lewis L. (2000). 6592:Frederick W. Marks III, 6377:Dobson, John M. (1988). 5788:Lindsey, Almont (1942). 4878: 4760:Federal Trade Commission 4665:Payne–Aldrich Tariff Act 4476:The hammering impact of 4394:Civil Service Reform Act 3585:synagogues of the older 3210:(commonly known as the " 2558:Social movement unionism 2378:Frederick Winslow Taylor 1961:House of Representatives 653: 631: 609: 598: 576: 565: 543: 532: 521: 510: 488: 477: 466: 444: 422: 411: 389: 378: 356: 345: 15871:Alaska boundary dispute 15544:Anglo-Japanese Alliance 15527:Franco-Russian Alliance 15226:Criticism of government 14571:Social welfare programs 14164:State-recognized tribes 13149:Outline of U.S. history 12861:Continental Association 12390:By U.S. state/territory 10431:Middle Eastern American 10248:Technology and industry 9118:Seneca Falls Convention 8919:Continental Association 8819:Settlement of Jamestown 8662:excerpt and text search 8576:Kennedy, David M. ed., 8326:(1961), standard survey 8249:excerpt and text search 8142:excerpt and text search 8101:Fleming, Walter Lynwood 7983:Outline of U.S. History 7835:(1963) pp. 424–42 6247:(1998) pp. 141–195 6221:(1992) pp. 286–310 6208:(1972) pp. 731–872 5726:Smith, Carl S. (1995). 5418:(1992) pp. 270–319 5301:(2005) 25#4 pp. 245–258 5299:Great Plains Quarterly, 5260:History of North Dakota 5182:(1987) pp. 220–79. 5113:August 2, 2019, at the 4678:environmental activists 4360:Hawaii had been annexed 4291:Pancho Villa Expedition 4115:Philippine–American War 4107:Philippine nationalists 4089:Philippine–American War 4018:William Randolph Hearst 3865:Seneca Falls Convention 3641:effectively upheld the 3623:, Cairo, Illinois, 1909 3621:William "Froggie" James 3601:Nadir of race relations 3137:Homestead, Pennsylvania 2768:Trade union federations 2763:Trade unions by country 2124:in central Kansas, 1875 2120:Temporary quarters for 1171:Middle Eastern American 993:Technology and industry 204:Philippine–American War 15790:Unification of Germany 15737:Taft–Katsura agreement 15288:Environmental movement 15131:Health insurance costs 15026:Educational attainment 14551:Federal Reserve System 14509:Science and technology 14012:Insurance commissioner 13550:Intelligence Community 13245:minor outlying islands 13008:Civil rights movement 10551:Admission to the Union 9917:Afghanistan withdrawal 9912:January 6 insurrection 9831:Rise in mass shootings 9803:Virginia Tech shooting 9356:Paris Peace Conference 9130:Second Great Awakening 8869:American Enlightenment 8553:(1954), Pulitzer Prize 8424: 8296:16#2 (1956): 137–164. 8094:for much longer guide. 7926:(1954), pp. 67–73 7413:Chronology 1600s-1800s 6487:Brands, H. W. (1992). 6260:(2004) pp. 71–111 6230:Robert William Fogel, 6097:(1970); Allan Nevins, 5460:(2010) pp. 114–65 5431:(2005) pp. 540–69 5046:(1951) pp. 205–34 5033:(1954) pp. 67–111 4985:(1990) pp. 217–37 4732: 4576: 4522:Roosevelt's presidency 4364:William Jennings Bryan 4319: 3977: 3942: 3892:National Woman's Party 3856: 3797:William Jennings Bryan 3624: 3553:At the same time, the 3482:anti-Chinese agitation 3472: 3391: 3183: 3160:American Railway Union 2667:Freedom of association 2538:Exploitation of labour 2319: 2229: 2217: 2184:Carlisle, Pennsylvania 2125: 2034:conservative Democrats 1919: 1890: 1883: 1773:Northern United States 1283:Admission to the Union 15876:First Moroccan Crisis 15590:Spread of nationalism 15554:Eight-Nation Alliance 15114:Immigrant health care 14629:Transportation safety 14624:Transportation policy 14614:Public transportation 13684:President pro tempore 13540:Executive departments 13309:National Park Service 12964:Territorial evolution 10543:Territorial evolution 9907:George Floyd Protests 9890:Unite the Right rally 9759:Oklahoma City bombing 9754:Republican Revolution 9701:Space Shuttle program 9523:Civil Rights Movement 9491:North Atlantic Treaty 9299:Sherman Antitrust Act 9284:Chinese Exclusion Act 8874:French and Indian War 8864:Prelude to Revolution 8849:First Great Awakening 8809:European colonization 8533:Gould, Lewis L. ed., 8422: 8339:Morgan, H. Wayne ed. 8279:short overview online 8253:Faulkner, Harold U.; 8200:Gilded Age: 1877–1896 8181:Stalcup, Brenda. ed. 8119:and Mahoney, Olivia. 8057:old survey by scholar 8025:, university textbook 7965:Carnes, Mark C., and 7863:45.3 (1955): 327–346 7855:Howard R. Smith, and 7805:Douglas G. Brinkley, 6640:. New York: Longman. 6460:Gould, Lewis (1982). 6273:(Da Capo Press, 1997) 6093:H. Wayne Morgan, ed. 5923:Loomis, Erik (2018). 5759:Krause, Paul (1992). 5500:(1991) pp. 44–67 5221:Historical Statistics 5191:Francis Paul Prucha, 4768:Clayton Antitrust Act 4753:federal reserve notes 4749:Federal Reserve Board 4730: 4650:Seventeenth Amendment 4570: 4504:Workers' Compensation 4317: 4216:Vilbrun Guillaume Sam 3975: 3940: 3854: 3845:Further information: 3670:The Birth of a Nation 3614: 3520:Third Great Awakening 3490:Gentlemen's Agreement 3486:Chinese Exclusion Act 3464: 3385: 3271:Charles Dudley Warner 3177: 3110:Great Railroad Strike 2652:Employment protection 2632:Collective bargaining 2382:scientific management 2318:near Pittsburgh, 1915 2313: 2223: 2215: 2135:Homestead Act of 1862 2119: 1907: 1889: 1882: 1817:women's right to vote 1777:Western United States 1274:Territorial evolution 567:Post-World War II Era 76:Third Great Awakening 15881:Algeciras Conference 15861:Annexation of Hawaii 15800:Great Eastern Crisis 15795:Unification of Italy 15785:Formation of Romania 15602:French–German enmity 15283:Environmental issues 14948:Political ideologies 14847:Indigenous languages 14047:List of legislatures 13844:separation of powers 13545:Independent agencies 13471:World Heritage Sites 13106:September 11 attacks 13029:Spanish–American War 12969:Mexican–American War 12925:Confederation period 12856:Continental Congress 10457:Palestinian American 9884:Obergefell v. Hodges 9776:September 11 attacks 9612:Second-wave feminism 9533:Cuban Missile Crisis 9393:Bath School disaster 9311:Spanish–American War 9274:The Gospel of Wealth 9153:California Gold Rush 9113:Mexican–American War 9103:Nullification crisis 9071:Era of Good Feelings 8971:Confederation period 8879:Proclamation of 1763 8829:Atlantic slave trade 8411:Smythe, Ted Curtis; 8407:complete text online 8388:Rhodes, James Ford. 8322:Kirkland, Edward C. 8063:, and David E. Shi. 8049:Paxson, Frederic L. 7896:John Milton Cooper, 6445:May, Ernest (1961). 6204:Sydney E. Ahlstrom, 6020:Chester, Eric Thomas 5388:Edward C. Kirkland, 5362:Elizabeth Hampsten, 5210:complete text online 5169:(5th ed. 1982) ch 32 5152:Stephen E. Ambrose, 5068:Wilson Fallin Jr., 4745:Federal Reserve Bank 4731:Woodrow Wilson, 1912 4676:; his opposition to 4275:Columbus, New Mexico 4229:James Weldon Johnson 4194:Good Neighbor policy 4169:Spanish–American War 4103:Spanish–American War 3982:vast colonial empire 3968:Spanish–American War 3917:Nineteenth Amendment 3863:began with the 1848 3830:Spanish–American War 3716:Mary Elizabeth Lease 3347:American Renaissance 3273:in their 1873 book, 3141:Pinkerton detectives 3013:Industrial relations 3002:Academic disciplines 2598:National-syndicalism 2568:Democratic socialism 2440:Labor and management 2155:American Indian Wars 2016:won the contentious 2001:U.S. Representative 1976:Fourteenth Amendment 1972:Republican coalition 1940:Thirteenth Amendment 1197:Palestinian American 413:Era of Good Feelings 358:Confederation period 295:Timeline and periods 200:Spanish–American War 176:Formation of the KKK 15946:Philippine–American 15931:First Sino-Japanese 15764:Racconigi agreement 15710:Treaty of Frankfurt 15670:Great Rapprochement 15624:Scramble for Africa 15126:Health care finance 14619:Rail transportation 14385:Imperial presidency 14107:State constitutions 14052:List of legislators 14002:Auditor/Comptroller 13975:Lieutenant governor 13701:Library of Congress 13592:Diplomatic Security 13235:Indian reservations 12898:American Revolution 12700:U.S. Virgin Islands 10906:U.S. Virgin Islands 10392:Lithuanian American 10348:Vietnamese American 9694:End of the Cold War 9684:Invasion of Grenada 9634:Iran hostage crisis 9383:Tulsa race massacre 9190:Election of Lincoln 9185:Dred Scott decision 9173:Kansas–Nebraska Act 9076:Missouri Compromise 8994:Northwest Ordinance 8984:Pennsylvania Mutiny 8979:and Perpetual Union 8939:American Revolution 8854:War of Jenkins' Ear 8621:56 (1969), 323–341 8585:The Progressive Era 8583:Mann, Arthur. ed., 8548:Hofstadter, Richard 8535:The Progressive Era 8463:Cooper, John Milton 8302:Hoffmann, Charles. 8273:Ford, Henry Jones. 7887:(1973) pp. 101–120. 7861:Geographical Review 6575:David G. McCullough 6243:Charles R. Morris, 6191:Thomas Archdeacon, 5258:Elwyn B. Robinson, 5042:C. Vann Woodward, 4941:William C. Harris, 4793:Turn of the century 4737:Federal Reserve Act 4642:Sixteenth Amendment 4630:postal savings bank 4615:William Howard Taft 4558:Coal Strike of 1902 4459:, became known as " 4408:, and their local " 4271:cross-border attack 3998:Spanish West Africa 3904:political prisoners 3888:Carrie Chapman Catt 3677:in Reconstruction. 3589:and instead formed 3418:and other parts of 3414:, 7.8 million from 3410:, 4.1 million from 3406:, 3.8 million from 3402:, 2.1 million from 3398:, 2.2 million from 3208:1912 textile strike 3200:workplace democracy 2593:Anarcho-syndicalism 2414:John D. Rockefeller 2366:open-hearth furnace 2020:over his opponent, 2014:Rutherford B. Hayes 1996:Fifteenth Amendment 1951:Tennessee Democrat 1944:Radical Republicans 1805:Fourth Party System 1132:Lithuanian American 1083:Vietnamese American 347:American Revolution 150:William Howard Taft 126:Rutherford B. Hayes 15805:Congress of Berlin 15722:Reinsurance Treaty 15700:Congress of Vienna 15680:Industrial warfare 15646:Scramble for China 15236:affirmative action 15209:Capital punishment 15168:Poverty and health 15163:Physician shortage 15136:Health care prices 15066:Standard of living 14749:standard of living 14556:Financial position 14183:Hawaiian home land 14171:Indian reservation 14144:Tribal sovereignty 13987:Secretary of state 13856:United States Code 13772:Territorial courts 13744:Associate Justices 13629:Inspector generals 13116:War in Afghanistan 12979:Reconstruction era 12846:Stamp Act Congress 10556:Historical regions 10512:Transgender people 10070:Capital punishment 9929:Support of Ukraine 9878:Black Lives Matter 9786:War in Afghanistan 9711:Invasion of Panama 9667:Iran–Contra affair 9528:Early–mid Cold War 9398:Harlem Renaissance 9257:Compromise of 1877 9232:Reconstruction era 9168:Fugitive Slave Act 9163:Compromise of 1850 9108:Westward expansion 9046:Louisiana Purchase 8889:Stamp Act Congress 8834:King William's War 8632:. Longmans, Green. 8425: 8346:Morgan, H. Wayne, 8243:Edwards, Rebecca. 8226:Cherny, Robert W. 8110:short survey from 8061:Tindall, George B. 7883:Paolo E. Coletta, 7870:2020-08-19 at the 7842:2021-03-07 at the 7792:Douglas Brinkley, 7781:Theodore Roosevelt 6404:Review of Politics 6335:Aileen S. Kraditor 6124:Charles W. Calhoun 6030:Praeger Publishers 5700:2022-07-23 at the 5476:2016-12-23 at the 5336:Katherine Harris, 5167:Westward Expansion 5059:(2006), pp. 54–56. 5029:C. Vann Woodward, 4929:2014-02-02 at the 4788:Thomas Alva Edison 4733: 4720:American workers. 4658:state legislatures 4646:federal income tax 4593:national monuments 4577: 4512:federal income tax 4457:Standard Oil Trust 4406:political machines 4388:with professional 4320: 4296:In 1916, the U.S. 4237:Zora Neale Hurston 4201:José Santos Zelaya 4101:, which ended the 4049:Theodore Roosevelt 3978: 3943: 3857: 3651:separate but equal 3647:racial segregation 3639:U.S. Supreme Court 3634:Plessy v. Ferguson 3625: 3530:theology that the 3473: 3471:editorial cartoon. 3392: 3319:Third Party System 3184: 2702:Professional abuse 2465:Labor organization 2320: 2230: 2218: 2126: 2038:White supremacists 2026:Compromise of 1877 1920: 1900:Reconstruction era 1894:Reconstruction era 1891: 1884: 1870:Republic of Hawaii 1801:Third Party System 1785:Confederate States 1750:Reconstruction era 1748:was marked by the 1252:Transgender people 815:Capital punishment 468:Reconstruction Era 220:Mexican Border War 184:Compromise of 1877 146:Theodore Roosevelt 68:Reconstruction era 16016: 16015: 15985:Albanian Revolts 15842:German Naval Laws 15826:Naval arms races 15810:Berlin Conference 15742:Hague Conventions 15411: 15410: 15371: 15370: 15367: 15366: 15337:National security 15046:Income inequality 14926:Statue of Liberty 14729:income inequality 14642: 14641: 14634:Trucking industry 14446: 14445: 14442: 14441: 14373:Foreign relations 14361:Electoral College 14342: 14341: 14130: 14129: 14082:District attorney 13929: 13928: 13756:Courts of appeals 13479: 13478: 13192: 13191: 13133:COVID-19 pandemic 13086:Feminist Movement 12932:American frontier 12851:Thirteen Colonies 12712: 12711: 12708: 12707: 11042: 11041: 11000: 10999: 10996: 10995: 10561:American frontier 10522: 10521: 10452:Lebanese American 10437:Egyptian American 10372:Estonian American 10362:Albanian American 10356:European American 10333:Japanese American 10323:Filipino American 10284: 10283: 9946: 9945: 9942: 9941: 9895:COVID-19 pandemic 9798:Hurricane Katrina 9739:Los Angeles riots 9629:Watergate scandal 9474:Start of Cold War 9442:Manhattan Project 9029:Whiskey Rebellion 8859:King George's War 8824:Thirteen Colonies 8785:Pre-Columbian Era 8610:Pease, Otis, ed. 8551:The Age of Reform 8512:External link in 8497:978-1-85109-791-3 8472:Diner, Steven J. 8455:Buenker, John D. 8013:Kennedy, David M. 6308:Rebecca J. Mead, 6193:Becoming American 6139:John A. Garraty, 6110:H. Wayne Morgan, 5204:Fred A. Shannon, 4910:(1976) series C89 4708:Progressive Party 4698:Two years later, 4619:Panama Canal Zone 4463:". In his novel, 4379:McKinley was shot 4375:Buffalo, New York 4265:. In March 1916, 4263:Victoriano Huerta 4041:yellow journalism 4026:Yellow Journalism 3822:discovery of gold 3728:elections of 1890 3693:Farmers' Alliance 3631:In the 1896 case 3548:Christian Science 3540:Holiness movement 3440:Central Europeans 3139:, a group of 300 3076: 3075: 3033:Post-work society 2862:Solidarity action 2672:Legal working age 2528:Conflict theories 2328:natural resources 2314:Blast furnace at 2296:Industrialization 2233:billion in 1906. 2112:American Frontier 2050:Bourbon Democrats 1936:Freedmen's Bureau 1847:natural resources 1762:industrialization 1742: 1741: 1664: 1663: 1293:American frontier 1192:Lebanese American 1177:Egyptian American 1107:Estonian American 1097:Albanian American 1091:European American 1068:Japanese American 1058:Filipino American 682: 681: 655:Post-Cold War Era 312:Pre-Columbian Era 274: 259: 258: 255: 254: 168:Farmers' Movement 134:Chester A. Arthur 130:James A. Garfield 96:American frontier 16071: 15936:Spanish–American 15856:Fashoda Incident 15732:Treaty of Björkö 15717:Treaty of Berlin 15651:Open Door Policy 15585:Eastern question 15532:Entente Cordiale 15438: 15431: 15424: 15415: 15414: 15391: 15384: 15271:African American 15153:Health insurance 15041:Household income 14911:National symbols 14842:American English 14815:Federal holidays 14724:household income 14657: 14656: 14653: 14652: 14457: 14456: 14395:Anti-Americanism 14319:Special district 14246:Independent city 14215:County executive 14198: 14197: 13992:Attorney general 13951: 13950: 13940:Federal District 13523:Executive Office 13503: 13502: 13494: 13493: 13490: 13489: 13250:populated places 13230:federal enclaves 13225:federal district 13203: 13202: 13066:American Century 13049:Great Depression 13044:Roaring Twenties 13004:Women's suffrage 12883:Halifax Resolves 12876:Founding Fathers 12871:military history 12836:Pre-colonial era 12760: 12759: 12739: 12732: 12725: 12716: 12715: 12662:Washington, D.C. 12394: 12393: 11069: 11062: 11055: 11046: 11045: 11032: 11022: 11021: 10986: 10985: 10915:Outlying islands 10872:Washington, D.C. 10867:Federal District 10566:Manifest destiny 10539: 10538: 10528: 10527: 10470:Native Americans 10442:Iranian American 10416:Mexican American 10402:Serbian American 10387:Italian American 10377:Finnish American 10367:English American 10318:Chinese American 10305:African American 10290: 10289: 10095:Direct democracy 10085:The Constitution 10044:Higher education 9967:American Century 9952: 9951: 9405:Great Depression 9378:Women's suffrage 9368:Roaring Twenties 9294:Haymarket affair 9252:Enforcement Acts 9041:Jeffersonian era 8989:Shays' Rebellion 8909:Intolerable Acts 8904:Boston Tea Party 8839:Queen Anne's War 8767: 8766: 8756: 8755: 8723: 8716: 8709: 8700: 8699: 8633: 8587:(1975), readings 8580:(1971), readings 8540:Hays, Samuel P. 8526:Gould, Lewis L. 8523: 8517: 8516: 8510: 8508: 8500: 8400:Shannon, Fred A. 8378:, social history 8329:Kleppner; Paul. 8284:Garraty, John A. 8233:Dewey, Davis R. 8046: 8024: 7991: 7978:Hamby, Alonzo L. 7954: 7953: 7933: 7927: 7922:Arthur S. Link, 7920: 7914: 7909:Arthur S. Link, 7907: 7901: 7894: 7888: 7881: 7875: 7857:John Fraser Hart 7853: 7847: 7829: 7823: 7818:Paolo Coletta, 7816: 7810: 7803: 7797: 7790: 7784: 7777: 7771: 7767: 7761: 7760: 7758: 7757: 7742: 7736: 7735: 7733: 7732: 7717: 7711: 7706: 7700: 7695: 7689: 7684: 7678: 7673: 7667: 7662: 7656: 7651: 7645: 7640: 7634: 7633: 7631: 7630: 7615: 7609: 7608: 7606: 7605: 7599: 7592: 7584: 7578: 7577: 7575: 7574: 7559: 7553: 7548: 7542: 7541: 7539: 7538: 7510: 7504: 7503: 7501: 7500: 7494: 7487: 7479: 7473: 7468: 7462: 7461: 7459: 7458: 7443: 7437: 7432: 7426: 7421: 7415: 7410: 7404: 7403: 7401: 7400: 7385: 7379: 7378: 7376: 7375: 7360: 7354: 7353: 7351: 7350: 7335: 7329: 7328: 7326: 7325: 7310: 7304: 7299: 7293: 7288: 7282: 7281: 7279: 7278: 7263: 7257: 7252: 7246: 7245: 7243: 7242: 7227: 7221: 7216: 7210: 7209: 7207: 7206: 7191: 7185: 7180: 7174: 7169: 7163: 7158: 7152: 7147: 7141: 7136: 7130: 7129: 7127: 7126: 7110: 7104: 7103: 7101: 7100: 7085: 7079: 7078: 7076: 7075: 7060: 7054: 7053: 7051: 7050: 7035: 7029: 7024: 7018: 7013: 7007: 7006: 7004: 7003: 6988: 6982: 6981: 6979: 6977: 6962: 6956: 6955: 6953: 6951: 6936: 6930: 6929: 6927: 6926: 6911: 6905: 6904: 6902: 6901: 6886: 6880: 6879: 6877: 6876: 6861: 6855: 6848: 6842: 6841: 6824:(4): 1142–1158. 6813: 6807: 6801: 6794:American History 6789: 6783: 6782: 6770: 6760: 6754: 6753: 6725: 6719: 6718: 6716: 6715: 6700: 6694: 6693: 6691: 6690: 6673:(570): 641–680. 6658: 6652: 6651: 6639: 6629: 6623: 6618:Eileen Welsome, 6616: 6610: 6603: 6597: 6590: 6584: 6572: 6566: 6565: 6542: 6536: 6535: 6515: 6509: 6508: 6484: 6478: 6477: 6457: 6451: 6450: 6442: 6436: 6435: 6399: 6393: 6392: 6374: 6368: 6361: 6355: 6348: 6342: 6332: 6326: 6319: 6313: 6306: 6300: 6293: 6287: 6280: 6274: 6267: 6261: 6256:Hasia R. Diner, 6254: 6248: 6241: 6235: 6228: 6222: 6215: 6209: 6202: 6196: 6189: 6183: 6176: 6170: 6163: 6157: 6150: 6144: 6137: 6131: 6121: 6115: 6108: 6102: 6091: 6085: 6061: 6055: 6054: 6052: 6051: 6016: 6010: 6009: 5999: 5979: 5973: 5949: 5943: 5942: 5920: 5911: 5887: 5881: 5857: 5851: 5827: 5821: 5820: 5800: 5794: 5793: 5785: 5779: 5778: 5766: 5756: 5750: 5749: 5733: 5723: 5717: 5712:Robert E. Weir, 5710: 5704: 5687: 5681: 5652: 5646: 5639: 5633: 5632: 5602: 5596: 5595: 5577: 5571: 5570: 5552: 5546: 5545: 5507: 5501: 5494: 5488: 5467: 5461: 5454: 5448: 5441:Larry Schweikart 5438: 5432: 5427:Robert Kanigel, 5425: 5419: 5412: 5406: 5399: 5393: 5386: 5380: 5373: 5367: 5360: 5354: 5347: 5341: 5334: 5328: 5325:Nebraska History 5321: 5315: 5308: 5302: 5295: 5289: 5282: 5276: 5271:D. Sven Nordin, 5269: 5263: 5256: 5250: 5243: 5237: 5230: 5224: 5218: 5212: 5202: 5196: 5189: 5183: 5176: 5170: 5163: 5157: 5150: 5144: 5143: 5123: 5117: 5099: 5079: 5073: 5072:(2007) pp. 52–53 5066: 5060: 5053: 5047: 5040: 5034: 5027: 5021: 5020: 4992: 4986: 4979: 4973: 4972: 4952: 4946: 4939: 4933: 4917: 4911: 4904: 4895: 4888: 4717:Underwood Tariff 4688:President Wilson 4623:Dollar Diplomacy 4551:. This gave the 4491:child labor laws 4368:anti-imperialism 4352:Open Door Policy 4287:John J. Pershing 4259:Tampico Incident 4176:opened in 1914. 4132:) and spreading 4111:Emilio Aguinaldo 3951:William McKinley 3912:Jeannette Rankin 3900:Silent Sentinels 3841:Women's suffrage 3814:William McKinley 3782:Democratic Party 3563:Jewish community 3448:French Canadians 3331:Grover Cleveland 3164:Grover Cleveland 3080:Knights of Labor 3068: 3061: 3054: 3018:Labour economics 3008:Critique of work 2852:Pen-down strikes 2563:Social democracy 2510: 2500: 2499:Organized labour 2490: 2483: 2482: 2471:Knights of Labor 2362:Bessemer process 2161:American Indians 2065:neoabolitionists 2022:Samuel J. Tilden 2003:Thaddeus Stevens 1980:Ulysses S. Grant 1843:railroad network 1841:), an expanding 1734: 1727: 1720: 1704: 1694: 1693: 1655: 1654: 1298:Manifest destiny 1288:Historic regions 1270: 1269: 1210:Native Americans 1182:Iranian American 1156:Mexican American 1142:Serbian American 1127:Italian American 1112:Finnish American 1102:English American 1053:Chinese American 1040:African American 840:Direct democracy 830:The Constitution 789:Higher education 698:American Century 600:Civil Rights Era 578:Civil Rights Era 534:Great Depression 523:Roaring Twenties 391:Jeffersonian Era 301: 300: 296: 286: 272: 261: 260: 251: 238: 231: 180:Enforcement Acts 142:William McKinley 138:Grover Cleveland 122:Ulysses S. Grant 47: 44: 37:State Street in 35: 18: 17: 16079: 16078: 16074: 16073: 16072: 16070: 16069: 16068: 16019: 16018: 16017: 16012: 15951:Boxer Rebellion 15909: 15773: 15727:Treaty of Paris 15692: 15686: 15619:New Imperialism 15580:Ottoman decline 15563: 15510:Triple Alliance 15498: 15459:Austria-Hungary 15447: 15442: 15412: 15407: 15394: 15387: 15380: 15363: 15349:Opioid epidemic 15266:Native American 15246:intersex rights 15197: 15193:Life expectancy 15183:Medical deserts 15173:Race and health 15070: 15056:Personal income 15002: 14906:National anthem 14739:personal income 14704:Economic issues 14638: 14590: 14438: 14338: 14327:School district 14313: 14296:Minor divisions 14290: 14229: 14187: 14126: 14112:Statutory codes 14093: 14056: 14033: 13943: 13938: 13925: 13860: 13817:civil liberties 13798: 13789:Other tribunals 13768:District courts 13720: 13679:current members 13662:current members 13643: 13577:Law enforcement 13475: 13188: 13137: 13128:Great Recession 12999:Progressive Era 12989:Native genocide 12920:Perpetual Union 12908:Treaty of Paris 12866:United Colonies 12824: 12749: 12743: 12713: 12704: 12666: 12655:Washington D.C. 12650: 12385: 12242: 11729: 11216: 11078: 11073: 11043: 11038: 10992: 10966: 10910: 10874: 10862: 10601: 10575: 10533: 10518: 10424:Jewish American 10397:Polish American 10338:Korean American 10328:Indian American 10295: 10280: 10135:Merchant Marine 10105:Law enforcement 9957: 9938: 9812: 9808:Great Recession 9715: 9689:Reagan Doctrine 9643: 9622:Stonewall riots 9544: 9518:Project Mercury 9479:Truman Doctrine 9455: 9363:First Red Scare 9337: 9306:Progressive Era 9218: 9178:Bleeding Kansas 9134: 9081:Monroe Doctrine 9057: 9005: 8964:Treaty of Paris 8925: 8899:Boston Massacre 8894:Sons of Liberty 8790: 8761: 8750: 8732: 8727: 8670: 8653: 8651:Primary sources 8640:Wiebe, Robert. 8591:McGerr, Michael 8514: 8513: 8511: 8502: 8501: 8498: 8430: 8394:online complete 8366:Nevins, Allan. 8310:Jensen, Richard 8208: 8202: 8086: 8043: 8017:Cohen, Lizabeth 7967:John A. Garraty 7962: 7960:Further reading 7957: 7934: 7930: 7921: 7917: 7908: 7904: 7895: 7891: 7882: 7878: 7872:Wayback Machine 7854: 7850: 7844:Wayback Machine 7830: 7826: 7817: 7813: 7804: 7800: 7791: 7787: 7778: 7774: 7768: 7764: 7755: 7753: 7744: 7743: 7739: 7730: 7728: 7719: 7718: 7714: 7707: 7703: 7696: 7692: 7685: 7681: 7674: 7670: 7663: 7659: 7652: 7648: 7641: 7637: 7628: 7626: 7617: 7616: 7612: 7603: 7601: 7597: 7590: 7586: 7585: 7581: 7572: 7570: 7561: 7560: 7556: 7549: 7545: 7536: 7534: 7527: 7519:. p. 103. 7511: 7507: 7498: 7496: 7492: 7485: 7481: 7480: 7476: 7469: 7465: 7456: 7454: 7445: 7444: 7440: 7433: 7429: 7422: 7418: 7411: 7407: 7398: 7396: 7387: 7386: 7382: 7373: 7371: 7362: 7361: 7357: 7348: 7346: 7337: 7336: 7332: 7323: 7321: 7312: 7311: 7307: 7300: 7296: 7289: 7285: 7276: 7274: 7265: 7264: 7260: 7253: 7249: 7240: 7238: 7229: 7228: 7224: 7217: 7213: 7204: 7202: 7193: 7192: 7188: 7181: 7177: 7170: 7166: 7159: 7155: 7148: 7144: 7137: 7133: 7124: 7122: 7111: 7107: 7098: 7096: 7087: 7086: 7082: 7073: 7071: 7062: 7061: 7057: 7048: 7046: 7037: 7036: 7032: 7025: 7021: 7014: 7010: 7001: 6999: 6990: 6989: 6985: 6975: 6973: 6964: 6963: 6959: 6949: 6947: 6938: 6937: 6933: 6924: 6922: 6913: 6912: 6908: 6899: 6897: 6888: 6887: 6883: 6874: 6872: 6863: 6862: 6858: 6849: 6845: 6814: 6810: 6790: 6786: 6779: 6761: 6757: 6742:10.2307/1891336 6726: 6722: 6713: 6711: 6702: 6701: 6697: 6688: 6686: 6659: 6655: 6648: 6630: 6626: 6617: 6613: 6605:Mary A. Renda, 6604: 6600: 6591: 6587: 6573: 6569: 6562: 6546:Karnow, Stanley 6543: 6539: 6516: 6512: 6505: 6485: 6481: 6474: 6458: 6454: 6443: 6439: 6400: 6396: 6389: 6375: 6371: 6362: 6358: 6349: 6345: 6333: 6329: 6320: 6316: 6307: 6303: 6295:John D. Hicks, 6294: 6290: 6282:Melvyn Stokes, 6281: 6277: 6269:Rayford Logan, 6268: 6264: 6255: 6251: 6242: 6238: 6229: 6225: 6216: 6212: 6203: 6199: 6190: 6186: 6177: 6173: 6164: 6160: 6151: 6147: 6138: 6134: 6122: 6118: 6109: 6105: 6092: 6088: 6062: 6058: 6049: 6047: 6040: 6017: 6013: 5980: 5976: 5950: 5946: 5939: 5921: 5914: 5888: 5884: 5858: 5854: 5828: 5824: 5801: 5797: 5786: 5782: 5775: 5757: 5753: 5746: 5724: 5720: 5711: 5707: 5702:Wayback Machine 5688: 5684: 5653: 5649: 5640: 5636: 5621:10.2307/1889657 5603: 5599: 5592: 5578: 5574: 5567: 5553: 5549: 5508: 5504: 5495: 5491: 5478:Wayback Machine 5468: 5464: 5455: 5451: 5439: 5435: 5426: 5422: 5413: 5409: 5400: 5396: 5387: 5383: 5374: 5370: 5361: 5357: 5348: 5344: 5335: 5331: 5322: 5318: 5309: 5305: 5296: 5292: 5283: 5279: 5270: 5266: 5257: 5253: 5244: 5240: 5232:William Clark, 5231: 5227: 5219: 5215: 5203: 5199: 5190: 5186: 5177: 5173: 5164: 5160: 5151: 5147: 5140: 5124: 5120: 5115:Wayback Machine 5096: 5080: 5076: 5067: 5063: 5054: 5050: 5041: 5037: 5028: 5024: 5009:10.2307/2936329 4993: 4989: 4980: 4976: 4969: 4953: 4949: 4940: 4936: 4931:Wayback Machine 4918: 4914: 4905: 4898: 4889: 4885: 4881: 4784: 4735:Passage of the 4696: 4690: 4611: 4605: 4589:Gifford Pinchot 4573:Charles Lederer 4530: 4524: 4478:Progressive Era 4386:political hacks 4312: 4310:Progressive Era 4306: 4304:Progressive Era 4233:Langston Hughes 4220:Haitian economy 4185:Monroe Doctrine 4161: 4153:Main articles: 4151: 4099:Treaty of Paris 4095: 4087:Main articles: 4085: 4022:Joseph Pulitzer 4010:Spanish Morocco 3970: 3964: 3955:McKinley Tariff 3935: 3927:Main articles: 3925: 3849: 3843: 3828:. In 1898, the 3755:James B. Weaver 3743:Omaha, Nebraska 3726:, emerged. The 3697:nationalization 3689: 3683: 3609: 3603: 3575:Austria-Hungary 3555:Catholic Church 3546:movements, and 3516: 3510: 3380: 3374: 3363: 3327:James G. Blaine 3250: 3244: 3212:Bread and Roses 3072: 3043: 3042: 3038:Refusal of work 3003: 2995: 2994: 2993: 2898: 2888: 2887: 2886: 2877:Wildcat strikes 2872:Whipsaw strikes 2857:Sitdown strikes 2804: 2794: 2793: 2790: 2758: 2748: 2747: 2746: 2732:Toxic workplace 2616: 2606: 2605: 2602: 2520: 2518:Labour movement 2498: 2488: 2481: 2469:Main articles: 2467: 2442: 2410:Andrew Carnegie 2308: 2300:Main articles: 2298: 2277: 2261:Grange movement 2210: 2204: 2157: 2149:Main articles: 2147: 2114: 2108: 1932:Abraham Lincoln 1924:Southern states 1915:Harper's Weekly 1902: 1896: 1845:, and abundant 1758:Progressive Era 1738: 1666: 1665: 1267: 1259: 1258: 1164:Jewish American 1137:Polish American 1117:German American 1073:Korean American 1063:Indian American 1034: 1026: 1025: 880:Merchant Marine 850:Law enforcement 718:Racial violence 692: 684: 683: 490:Progressive Era 298: 294: 275: 273:History of the 229: 218: 214: 210: 206: 202: 198: 194: 190: 186: 182: 178: 174: 170: 166: 152: 148: 144: 140: 136: 132: 128: 124: 120: 116: 114:Abraham Lincoln 105: 101:Great Migration 90: 88:Progressive Era 86: 82: 78: 74: 70: 49: 45: 12: 11: 5: 16077: 16067: 16066: 16061: 16056: 16051: 16046: 16041: 16036: 16031: 16014: 16013: 16011: 16010: 16005: 16004: 16003: 16002: 16001: 15996: 15991: 15983: 15978: 15968: 15963: 15961:Russo-Japanese 15958: 15953: 15948: 15943: 15938: 15933: 15928: 15926:Anglo-Egyptian 15923: 15917: 15915: 15911: 15910: 15908: 15907: 15902: 15900:Bosnian Crisis 15897: 15896: 15895: 15885: 15884: 15883: 15873: 15868: 15863: 15858: 15853: 15852: 15851: 15849:Austro-Italian 15846: 15845: 15844: 15839: 15824: 15817: 15812: 15807: 15802: 15797: 15792: 15787: 15781: 15779: 15775: 15774: 15772: 15771: 15766: 15761: 15756: 15751: 15750: 15749: 15747:Martens Clause 15739: 15734: 15729: 15724: 15719: 15714: 15713: 15712: 15702: 15696: 15694: 15688: 15687: 15685: 15684: 15683: 15682: 15672: 15667: 15662: 15661: 15660: 15659: 15658: 15653: 15648: 15643: 15633: 15632: 15631: 15629:Egyptian Lever 15616: 15614:Pax Britannica 15611: 15610: 15609: 15599: 15598: 15597: 15595:Sovereign debt 15592: 15587: 15577: 15571: 15569: 15565: 15564: 15562: 15561: 15556: 15551: 15546: 15541: 15540: 15539: 15534: 15529: 15522:Triple Entente 15519: 15518: 15517: 15506: 15504: 15500: 15499: 15497: 15496: 15491: 15489:United Kingdom 15486: 15481: 15476: 15471: 15466: 15461: 15455: 15453: 15449: 15448: 15441: 15440: 15433: 15426: 15418: 15409: 15408: 15406: 15405: 15400: 15393: 15392: 15385: 15377: 15376: 15373: 15372: 15369: 15368: 15365: 15364: 15362: 15361: 15356: 15351: 15346: 15345: 15344: 15334: 15333: 15332: 15322: 15317: 15312: 15307: 15305:Mass shootings 15302: 15297: 15296: 15295: 15293:Climate change 15290: 15280: 15275: 15274: 15273: 15268: 15263: 15258: 15253: 15248: 15243: 15238: 15231:Discrimination 15228: 15223: 15222: 15221: 15211: 15205: 15203: 15199: 15198: 15196: 15195: 15190: 15185: 15180: 15175: 15170: 15165: 15160: 15155: 15150: 15145: 15144: 15143: 15138: 15133: 15123: 15122: 15121: 15116: 15111: 15106: 15101: 15096: 15086: 15080: 15078: 15072: 15071: 15069: 15068: 15063: 15058: 15053: 15048: 15043: 15038: 15033: 15028: 15023: 15021:American Dream 15018: 15012: 15010: 15004: 15003: 15001: 15000: 14995: 14990: 14988:Transportation 14985: 14980: 14975: 14970: 14965: 14960: 14955: 14950: 14945: 14940: 14935: 14934: 14933: 14928: 14923: 14921:Mount Rushmore 14918: 14908: 14903: 14898: 14893: 14892: 14891: 14886: 14881: 14876: 14871: 14861: 14856: 14855: 14854: 14849: 14844: 14834: 14829: 14824: 14819: 14818: 14817: 14807: 14802: 14801: 14800: 14790: 14785: 14780: 14779: 14778: 14773: 14763: 14762: 14761: 14756: 14751: 14746: 14741: 14736: 14731: 14726: 14721: 14716: 14711: 14701: 14696: 14691: 14686: 14681: 14676: 14671: 14665: 14663: 14650: 14644: 14643: 14640: 14639: 14637: 14636: 14631: 14626: 14621: 14616: 14611: 14606: 14600: 14598: 14592: 14591: 14589: 14588: 14583: 14578: 14573: 14568: 14563: 14558: 14553: 14548: 14543: 14541:Federal budget 14538: 14533: 14528: 14527: 14526: 14521: 14516: 14511: 14506: 14501: 14496: 14491: 14486: 14481: 14479:Communications 14476: 14471: 14460: 14454: 14448: 14447: 14444: 14443: 14440: 14439: 14437: 14436: 14431: 14430: 14429: 14424: 14419: 14409: 14408: 14407: 14402: 14400:exceptionalism 14397: 14387: 14382: 14381: 14380: 14378:foreign policy 14370: 14369: 14368: 14363: 14353: 14347: 14344: 14343: 14340: 14339: 14337: 14336: 14335: 14334: 14323: 14321: 14315: 14314: 14312: 14311: 14306: 14300: 14298: 14292: 14291: 14289: 14288: 14283: 14278: 14273: 14268: 14263: 14258: 14253: 14248: 14243: 14237: 14235: 14231: 14230: 14228: 14227: 14222: 14217: 14212: 14206: 14204: 14195: 14189: 14188: 14186: 14185: 14180: 14179: 14178: 14168: 14167: 14166: 14161: 14156: 14146: 14140: 14138: 14132: 14131: 14128: 14127: 14125: 14124: 14119: 14114: 14109: 14103: 14101: 14095: 14094: 14092: 14091: 14090: 14089: 14079: 14078: 14077: 14075:Chief justices 14070:Supreme courts 14066: 14064: 14058: 14057: 14055: 14054: 14049: 14043: 14041: 14035: 14034: 14032: 14031: 14030: 14029: 14019: 14014: 14009: 14004: 13999: 13994: 13989: 13984: 13983: 13982: 13972: 13971: 13970: 13959: 13957: 13948: 13931: 13930: 13927: 13926: 13924: 13923: 13918: 13913: 13912: 13911: 13909:National Guard 13906: 13901: 13896: 13891: 13886: 13881: 13870: 13868: 13862: 13861: 13859: 13858: 13853: 13852: 13851: 13846: 13841: 13836: 13826: 13821: 13820: 13819: 13812:Bill of Rights 13808: 13806: 13800: 13799: 13797: 13796: 13791: 13786: 13785: 13784: 13782:list of judges 13779: 13777:list of courts 13765: 13764: 13763: 13761:list of judges 13753: 13752: 13751: 13746: 13741: 13730: 13728: 13722: 13721: 13719: 13718: 13713: 13708: 13703: 13698: 13696:Capitol Police 13693: 13692: 13691: 13686: 13681: 13671: 13670: 13669: 13664: 13653: 13651: 13645: 13644: 13642: 13641: 13636: 13631: 13626: 13625: 13624: 13619: 13617:Secret Service 13614: 13609: 13604: 13599: 13594: 13589: 13584: 13574: 13573: 13572: 13567: 13562: 13557: 13547: 13542: 13537: 13532: 13530:Vice President 13527: 13526: 13525: 13520: 13509: 13507: 13500: 13487: 13481: 13480: 13477: 13476: 13474: 13473: 13468: 13463: 13458: 13457: 13456: 13451: 13446: 13441: 13436: 13431: 13426: 13421: 13410: 13409: 13408: 13403: 13398: 13393: 13388: 13383: 13378: 13373: 13368: 13363: 13358: 13353: 13348: 13343: 13338: 13333: 13328: 13318: 13317: 13316: 13314:National Parks 13306: 13305: 13304: 13299: 13294: 13289: 13284: 13274: 13269: 13267:Extreme points 13264: 13259: 13258: 13257: 13252: 13247: 13242: 13237: 13232: 13227: 13222: 13217: 13206: 13200: 13194: 13193: 13190: 13189: 13187: 13186: 13181: 13176: 13171: 13166: 13161: 13156: 13151: 13145: 13143: 13139: 13138: 13136: 13135: 13130: 13125: 13124: 13123: 13118: 13108: 13103: 13098: 13093: 13088: 13083: 13078: 13073: 13068: 13063: 13062: 13061: 13051: 13046: 13041: 13036: 13031: 13026: 13025: 13024: 13019: 13014: 13006: 13001: 12996: 12991: 12986: 12981: 12976: 12971: 12966: 12961: 12956: 12954:Federalist Era 12951: 12950: 12949: 12947:Bill of Rights 12944: 12934: 12929: 12928: 12927: 12922: 12912: 12911: 12910: 12905: 12895: 12890: 12888:Lee Resolution 12885: 12880: 12879: 12878: 12873: 12868: 12863: 12858: 12853: 12848: 12838: 12832: 12830: 12826: 12825: 12823: 12822: 12817: 12812: 12807: 12802: 12797: 12792: 12787: 12782: 12777: 12772: 12766: 12764: 12757: 12751: 12750: 12748: articles 12742: 12741: 12734: 12727: 12719: 12710: 12709: 12706: 12705: 12703: 12702: 12697: 12692: 12687: 12682: 12680:American Samoa 12676: 12674: 12668: 12667: 12665: 12664: 12658: 12656: 12652: 12651: 12649: 12648: 12643: 12638: 12633: 12628: 12623: 12618: 12613: 12608: 12603: 12598: 12596:South Carolina 12593: 12588: 12583: 12578: 12573: 12568: 12563: 12561:North Carolina 12558: 12553: 12548: 12543: 12538: 12533: 12528: 12523: 12518: 12513: 12508: 12503: 12498: 12493: 12488: 12483: 12478: 12473: 12468: 12463: 12458: 12453: 12448: 12443: 12438: 12433: 12428: 12423: 12418: 12413: 12408: 12402: 12400: 12391: 12387: 12386: 12384: 12383: 12378: 12373: 12368: 12363: 12358: 12353: 12348: 12343: 12338: 12333: 12328: 12323: 12318: 12313: 12308: 12303: 12298: 12293: 12288: 12283: 12278: 12273: 12268: 12263: 12258: 12252: 12250: 12244: 12243: 12241: 12240: 12235: 12230: 12225: 12220: 12215: 12210: 12205: 12200: 12195: 12190: 12185: 12180: 12175: 12170: 12165: 12160: 12155: 12150: 12145: 12140: 12135: 12130: 12125: 12120: 12115: 12110: 12105: 12100: 12095: 12090: 12085: 12080: 12075: 12070: 12065: 12060: 12055: 12050: 12045: 12040: 12035: 12030: 12025: 12020: 12015: 12010: 12005: 12000: 11995: 11990: 11985: 11980: 11975: 11970: 11965: 11960: 11955: 11950: 11945: 11940: 11935: 11930: 11925: 11920: 11915: 11910: 11905: 11900: 11895: 11890: 11885: 11880: 11875: 11870: 11865: 11860: 11855: 11850: 11845: 11840: 11835: 11830: 11825: 11820: 11815: 11810: 11805: 11800: 11795: 11790: 11785: 11780: 11775: 11770: 11765: 11760: 11755: 11750: 11745: 11739: 11737: 11731: 11730: 11728: 11727: 11722: 11717: 11712: 11707: 11702: 11697: 11692: 11687: 11682: 11677: 11672: 11667: 11662: 11657: 11652: 11647: 11642: 11637: 11632: 11627: 11622: 11617: 11612: 11607: 11602: 11597: 11592: 11587: 11582: 11577: 11572: 11567: 11562: 11557: 11552: 11547: 11542: 11537: 11532: 11527: 11522: 11517: 11512: 11507: 11502: 11497: 11492: 11487: 11482: 11477: 11472: 11467: 11462: 11457: 11452: 11447: 11442: 11437: 11432: 11427: 11422: 11417: 11412: 11407: 11402: 11397: 11392: 11387: 11382: 11377: 11372: 11367: 11362: 11357: 11352: 11347: 11342: 11337: 11332: 11327: 11322: 11317: 11312: 11307: 11302: 11297: 11292: 11287: 11282: 11277: 11272: 11267: 11262: 11257: 11252: 11247: 11242: 11237: 11232: 11226: 11224: 11218: 11217: 11215: 11214: 11209: 11204: 11199: 11194: 11189: 11184: 11179: 11174: 11169: 11164: 11159: 11154: 11149: 11144: 11139: 11134: 11129: 11124: 11119: 11114: 11109: 11104: 11099: 11094: 11088: 11086: 11080: 11079: 11072: 11071: 11064: 11057: 11049: 11040: 11039: 11037: 11036: 11026: 11016: 11014:Historiography 11011: 11005: 11002: 11001: 10998: 10997: 10994: 10993: 10991: 10990: 10980: 10974: 10972: 10968: 10967: 10965: 10964: 10959: 10954: 10952:Navassa Island 10949: 10944: 10939: 10937:Johnston Atoll 10934: 10929: 10927:Howland Island 10924: 10918: 10916: 10912: 10911: 10909: 10908: 10903: 10898: 10893: 10888: 10886:American Samoa 10882: 10880: 10876: 10875: 10870: 10868: 10864: 10863: 10861: 10860: 10855: 10850: 10845: 10840: 10835: 10830: 10825: 10820: 10815: 10810: 10808:South Carolina 10805: 10800: 10795: 10790: 10785: 10780: 10775: 10773:North Carolina 10770: 10765: 10760: 10755: 10750: 10745: 10740: 10735: 10730: 10725: 10720: 10715: 10710: 10705: 10700: 10695: 10690: 10685: 10680: 10675: 10670: 10665: 10660: 10655: 10650: 10645: 10640: 10635: 10630: 10625: 10620: 10615: 10609: 10607: 10603: 10602: 10600: 10599: 10597:The West Coast 10594: 10589: 10583: 10581: 10577: 10576: 10574: 10573: 10571:Indian removal 10568: 10563: 10558: 10553: 10547: 10545: 10535: 10534: 10524: 10523: 10520: 10519: 10517: 10516: 10515: 10514: 10509: 10504: 10492: 10485: 10484: 10483: 10478: 10466: 10465: 10464: 10462:Saudi American 10459: 10454: 10449: 10447:Iraqi American 10444: 10439: 10427: 10420: 10419: 10418: 10406: 10405: 10404: 10399: 10394: 10389: 10384: 10382:Irish American 10379: 10374: 10369: 10364: 10352: 10351: 10350: 10345: 10340: 10335: 10330: 10325: 10320: 10312:Asian American 10308: 10300: 10297: 10296: 10286: 10285: 10282: 10281: 10279: 10278: 10277: 10276: 10271: 10266: 10261: 10256: 10244: 10243: 10242: 10240:Sexual slavery 10230: 10223: 10216: 10215: 10214: 10209: 10204: 10199: 10194: 10189: 10177: 10176: 10175: 10170: 10165: 10160: 10155: 10150: 10138: 10131: 10124: 10123: 10122: 10117: 10112: 10110:Postal service 10107: 10102: 10100:Foreign policy 10097: 10092: 10087: 10082: 10077: 10072: 10067: 10055: 10048: 10047: 10046: 10034: 10033: 10032: 10020: 10019: 10018: 10006: 10005: 10004: 9999: 9994: 9989: 9977: 9970: 9962: 9959: 9958: 9948: 9947: 9944: 9943: 9940: 9939: 9937: 9936: 9931: 9926: 9919: 9914: 9909: 9904: 9903: 9902: 9892: 9887: 9880: 9875: 9874: 9873: 9868: 9863: 9858: 9853: 9848: 9843: 9838: 9828: 9822: 9820: 9814: 9813: 9811: 9810: 9805: 9800: 9795: 9794: 9793: 9788: 9778: 9773: 9766: 9761: 9756: 9751: 9746: 9741: 9736: 9731: 9725: 9723: 9717: 9716: 9714: 9713: 9708: 9703: 9698: 9697: 9696: 9691: 9686: 9676: 9674:Crack epidemic 9671: 9670: 9669: 9664: 9653: 9651: 9645: 9644: 9642: 9641: 9639:Moral Majority 9636: 9631: 9626: 9625: 9624: 9617:Gay liberation 9614: 9609: 9607:Counterculture 9604: 9599: 9598: 9597: 9595:Fall of Saigon 9592: 9587: 9577: 9576: 9575: 9573:Apollo program 9570: 9568:Project Gemini 9560: 9554: 9552: 9546: 9545: 9543: 9542: 9537: 9536: 9535: 9525: 9520: 9515: 9510: 9509: 9508: 9503: 9498: 9493: 9486:Early Cold War 9483: 9482: 9481: 9471: 9465: 9463: 9457: 9456: 9454: 9453: 9452: 9451: 9450: 9449: 9439: 9434: 9424: 9423: 9422: 9417: 9412: 9402: 9401: 9400: 9395: 9390: 9385: 9380: 9375: 9365: 9360: 9359: 9358: 9347: 9345: 9339: 9338: 9336: 9335: 9330: 9329: 9328: 9323: 9318: 9313: 9303: 9302: 9301: 9296: 9291: 9286: 9281: 9276: 9266: 9261: 9260: 9259: 9254: 9249: 9244: 9239: 9228: 9226: 9220: 9219: 9217: 9216: 9215: 9214: 9209: 9199: 9198: 9197: 9192: 9187: 9182: 9181: 9180: 9170: 9165: 9158:Prelude to War 9155: 9150: 9148:Antebellum Era 9144: 9142: 9136: 9135: 9133: 9132: 9127: 9122: 9121: 9120: 9115: 9110: 9105: 9100: 9095: 9093:Trail of Tears 9088:Jacksonian era 9085: 9084: 9083: 9078: 9067: 9065: 9059: 9058: 9056: 9055: 9054: 9053: 9048: 9038: 9037: 9036: 9031: 9024:Federalist Era 9021: 9019:Bill of Rights 9015: 9013: 9007: 9006: 9004: 9003: 9002: 9001: 8996: 8991: 8986: 8981: 8968: 8967: 8966: 8961: 8956: 8954:Lee Resolution 8951: 8946: 8935: 8933: 8927: 8926: 8924: 8923: 8922: 8921: 8916: 8911: 8906: 8901: 8896: 8891: 8886: 8881: 8876: 8871: 8861: 8856: 8851: 8846: 8841: 8836: 8831: 8826: 8821: 8816: 8811: 8806: 8800: 8798: 8792: 8791: 8789: 8788: 8781: 8773: 8771: 8763: 8762: 8752: 8751: 8749: 8748: 8743: 8737: 8734: 8733: 8726: 8725: 8718: 8711: 8703: 8697: 8696: 8691: 8686: 8681: 8676: 8669: 8668:External links 8666: 8665: 8664: 8652: 8649: 8648: 8647: 8638: 8625: 8615: 8608: 8598: 8588: 8581: 8574: 8570:(Knopf, 2023) 8566:Kagan Robert. 8564: 8562:online version 8554: 8545: 8538: 8531: 8524: 8496: 8477: 8470: 8460: 8453: 8446: 8429: 8426: 8417: 8416: 8415:Praeger. 2003. 8409: 8397: 8386: 8379: 8364: 8351: 8344: 8337: 8327: 8320: 8318:online version 8307: 8300: 8290: 8281: 8271: 8261: 8251: 8247:(2005); 304pp 8241: 8231: 8224: 8215:(3 vol 2005). 8204:Main article: 8201: 8198: 8197: 8196: 8186: 8179: 8169: 8166:Dunning School 8156: 8155: 8154: 8131: 8114: 8112:Dunning School 8097: 8096: 8085: 8082: 8081: 8080: 8071:White, Richard 8068: 8058: 8047: 8042:978-0199759255 8041: 8026: 8009: 7999: 7992: 7990:on 2013-04-08. 7974: 7961: 7958: 7956: 7955: 7944:(3): 265–286. 7928: 7915: 7902: 7889: 7876: 7848: 7824: 7811: 7798: 7785: 7772: 7762: 7737: 7712: 7701: 7690: 7679: 7668: 7657: 7646: 7635: 7610: 7579: 7554: 7543: 7526:978-0761915614 7525: 7505: 7474: 7463: 7438: 7427: 7416: 7405: 7380: 7355: 7330: 7305: 7294: 7283: 7258: 7247: 7222: 7211: 7186: 7175: 7164: 7153: 7142: 7131: 7105: 7080: 7055: 7030: 7019: 7008: 6983: 6957: 6931: 6906: 6881: 6856: 6843: 6808: 6784: 6777: 6755: 6720: 6695: 6653: 6646: 6624: 6611: 6598: 6585: 6567: 6560: 6537: 6526:(3): 494–518. 6510: 6503: 6479: 6472: 6452: 6437: 6410:(4): 417–432. 6394: 6387: 6369: 6356: 6343: 6327: 6321:Glenda Riley, 6314: 6301: 6288: 6275: 6262: 6249: 6236: 6223: 6217:Mark A. Noll, 6210: 6197: 6184: 6171: 6158: 6152:Allan Nevins, 6145: 6132: 6130:(2nd ed. 2007) 6116: 6103: 6086: 6056: 6039:978-1440833014 6038: 6011: 5990:(3): 345–369. 5974: 5944: 5938:978-1620976272 5937: 5931:. p. 92. 5912: 5882: 5852: 5822: 5811:(3): 288–312. 5795: 5780: 5773: 5751: 5744: 5718: 5705: 5682: 5680: 5679: 5647: 5634: 5615:(1): 115–136. 5597: 5590: 5572: 5565: 5547: 5520:(2): 137–164. 5502: 5489: 5462: 5449: 5433: 5420: 5414:Albro Martin, 5407: 5394: 5381: 5368: 5355: 5349:Elliott West, 5342: 5329: 5316: 5303: 5290: 5284:Deborah Fink, 5277: 5264: 5251: 5238: 5225: 5213: 5197: 5184: 5171: 5158: 5145: 5139:978-1469617572 5138: 5118: 5108:March 28, 2015 5106:New York Times 5095:978-0199759255 5094: 5074: 5061: 5048: 5035: 5022: 4987: 4974: 4968:978-0313258626 4967: 4947: 4934: 4922:Harpers Weekly 4912: 4896: 4882: 4880: 4877: 4876: 4875: 4870: 4865: 4860: 4855: 4850: 4845: 4840: 4835: 4830: 4825: 4820: 4815: 4810: 4805: 4800: 4795: 4790: 4783: 4780: 4741:Nelson Aldrich 4700:Woodrow Wilson 4692:Main article: 4689: 4686: 4682:1910 elections 4607:Main article: 4604: 4603:President Taft 4601: 4595:, such as the 4538:antitrust laws 4526:Main article: 4523: 4520: 4496:eight-hour day 4471:Upton Sinclair 4453:Ida M. Tarbell 4336: 4335: 4305: 4302: 4257:following the 4225:Eugene O'Neill 4189:Latin American 4150: 4147: 4084: 4081: 4014:Canary Islands 4006:Spanish Guinea 4002:Spanish Sahara 3966:Main article: 3963: 3962:War with Spain 3960: 3924: 3923:Foreign policy 3921: 3842: 3839: 3768:The financial 3751:1892 elections 3724:Populist Party 3685:Main article: 3682: 3679: 3665:D. W. Griffith 3615:The mob-style 3605:Main article: 3602: 3599: 3528:postmillennial 3512:Main article: 3509: 3506: 3502:American Dream 3450:migrated from 3388:New York World 3376:Main article: 3373: 3370: 3362: 3361:Social history 3359: 3308:Chester Arthur 3304:James Garfield 3246:Main article: 3243: 3240: 3149:National Guard 3114:Haymarket Riot 3099:Samuel Gompers 3074: 3073: 3071: 3070: 3063: 3056: 3048: 3045: 3044: 3041: 3040: 3035: 3030: 3025: 3023:Labour history 3020: 3015: 3010: 3004: 3001: 3000: 2997: 2996: 2992: 2991: 2986: 2984:United Kingdom 2981: 2976: 2971: 2966: 2961: 2956: 2951: 2946: 2941: 2936: 2931: 2926: 2921: 2916: 2911: 2906: 2900: 2899: 2896:Labour parties 2894: 2893: 2890: 2889: 2885: 2884: 2879: 2874: 2869: 2864: 2859: 2854: 2849: 2844: 2839: 2834: 2833: 2832: 2827: 2820:General strike 2817: 2812: 2806: 2805: 2800: 2799: 2796: 2795: 2792: 2791: 2789: 2788: 2783: 2777: 2775: 2770: 2765: 2759: 2754: 2753: 2750: 2749: 2745: 2744: 2739: 2734: 2729: 2724: 2719: 2714: 2709: 2704: 2699: 2694: 2689: 2684: 2679: 2674: 2669: 2664: 2659: 2654: 2649: 2644: 2642:Eight-hour day 2639: 2634: 2629: 2624: 2618: 2617: 2612: 2611: 2608: 2607: 2604: 2603: 2601: 2600: 2595: 2590: 2585: 2580: 2575: 2570: 2565: 2560: 2555: 2550: 2545: 2540: 2535: 2530: 2524: 2521: 2516: 2515: 2512: 2511: 2503: 2502: 2494: 2493: 2466: 2463: 2441: 2438: 2297: 2294: 2276: 2273: 2254:grain elevator 2206:Main article: 2203: 2200: 2146: 2143: 2110:Main article: 2107: 2104: 2103: 2102: 2090: 2089: 2081: 2080: 1984:South Carolina 1953:Andrew Johnson 1898:Main article: 1895: 1892: 1740: 1739: 1737: 1736: 1729: 1722: 1714: 1711: 1710: 1709: 1708: 1698: 1687: 1686: 1684:Historiography 1681: 1676: 1668: 1667: 1662: 1661: 1660: 1659: 1649: 1641: 1640: 1636: 1635: 1634: 1633: 1628: 1623: 1618: 1613: 1608: 1600: 1599: 1595: 1594: 1593: 1592: 1587: 1582: 1577: 1572: 1567: 1562: 1557: 1552: 1547: 1542: 1537: 1532: 1527: 1522: 1517: 1512: 1507: 1502: 1497: 1492: 1487: 1482: 1477: 1472: 1467: 1462: 1457: 1452: 1447: 1442: 1437: 1432: 1427: 1422: 1417: 1412: 1407: 1402: 1397: 1392: 1387: 1382: 1377: 1372: 1367: 1362: 1357: 1352: 1347: 1339: 1338: 1334: 1333: 1332: 1331: 1329:The West Coast 1326: 1321: 1313: 1312: 1308: 1307: 1306: 1305: 1303:Indian removal 1300: 1295: 1290: 1285: 1277: 1276: 1268: 1265: 1264: 1261: 1260: 1257: 1256: 1255: 1254: 1249: 1244: 1232: 1225: 1224: 1223: 1218: 1206: 1205: 1204: 1202:Saudi American 1199: 1194: 1189: 1187:Iraqi American 1184: 1179: 1167: 1160: 1159: 1158: 1146: 1145: 1144: 1139: 1134: 1129: 1124: 1122:Irish American 1119: 1114: 1109: 1104: 1099: 1087: 1086: 1085: 1080: 1075: 1070: 1065: 1060: 1055: 1047:Asian American 1043: 1035: 1032: 1031: 1028: 1027: 1024: 1023: 1022: 1021: 1016: 1011: 1006: 1001: 989: 988: 987: 985:Sexual slavery 975: 968: 961: 960: 959: 954: 949: 944: 939: 934: 922: 921: 920: 915: 910: 905: 900: 895: 883: 876: 869: 868: 867: 862: 857: 855:Postal service 852: 847: 845:Foreign policy 842: 837: 832: 827: 822: 817: 812: 800: 793: 792: 791: 779: 778: 777: 765: 764: 763: 751: 750: 749: 744: 739: 734: 722: 721: 720: 708: 701: 693: 690: 689: 686: 685: 680: 679: 676: 672: 671: 669: 661: 660: 657: 650: 649: 647: 639: 638: 635: 628: 627: 625: 617: 616: 613: 606: 605: 602: 595: 594: 592: 584: 583: 580: 573: 572: 569: 562: 561: 559: 551: 550: 547: 540: 539: 536: 529: 528: 525: 518: 517: 514: 507: 506: 504: 496: 495: 492: 485: 484: 481: 474: 473: 470: 463: 462: 460: 452: 451: 448: 441: 440: 438: 430: 429: 426: 424:Jacksonian Era 419: 418: 415: 408: 407: 405: 397: 396: 393: 386: 385: 382: 380:Federalist Era 375: 374: 372: 364: 363: 360: 353: 352: 349: 342: 341: 339: 331: 330: 327: 319: 318: 315: 299: 292: 291: 288: 287: 279: 278: 268: 267: 257: 256: 253: 252: 242: 223: 222: 161: 157: 156: 154:Woodrow Wilson 118:Andrew Johnson 111: 107: 106: 104: 103: 98: 92: 65: 61: 60: 55: 51: 50: 36: 28: 27: 23: 22: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 16076: 16065: 16062: 16060: 16057: 16055: 16052: 16050: 16047: 16045: 16042: 16040: 16037: 16035: 16032: 16030: 16027: 16026: 16024: 16009: 16006: 16000: 15997: 15995: 15992: 15990: 15987: 15986: 15984: 15982: 15979: 15977: 15974: 15973: 15972: 15969: 15967: 15966:Italo-Turkish 15964: 15962: 15959: 15957: 15954: 15952: 15949: 15947: 15944: 15942: 15939: 15937: 15934: 15932: 15929: 15927: 15924: 15922: 15921:Russo-Turkish 15919: 15918: 15916: 15912: 15906: 15903: 15901: 15898: 15894: 15893:Treaty of Fes 15891: 15890: 15889: 15888:Agadir Crisis 15886: 15882: 15879: 15878: 15877: 15874: 15872: 15869: 15867: 15864: 15862: 15859: 15857: 15854: 15850: 15847: 15843: 15840: 15838: 15837: 15833: 15832: 15831: 15828: 15827: 15825: 15823: 15822: 15818: 15816: 15813: 15811: 15808: 15806: 15803: 15801: 15798: 15796: 15793: 15791: 15788: 15786: 15783: 15782: 15780: 15776: 15770: 15767: 15765: 15762: 15760: 15757: 15755: 15752: 15748: 15745: 15744: 15743: 15740: 15738: 15735: 15733: 15730: 15728: 15725: 15723: 15720: 15718: 15715: 15711: 15708: 15707: 15706: 15703: 15701: 15698: 15697: 15695: 15689: 15681: 15678: 15677: 15676: 15673: 15671: 15668: 15666: 15663: 15657: 15654: 15652: 15649: 15647: 15644: 15642: 15639: 15638: 15637: 15634: 15630: 15627: 15626: 15625: 15622: 15621: 15620: 15617: 15615: 15612: 15608: 15605: 15604: 15603: 15600: 15596: 15593: 15591: 15588: 15586: 15583: 15582: 15581: 15578: 15576: 15573: 15572: 15570: 15566: 15560: 15559:Balkan League 15557: 15555: 15552: 15550: 15547: 15545: 15542: 15538: 15535: 15533: 15530: 15528: 15525: 15524: 15523: 15520: 15516: 15515:Dual Alliance 15513: 15512: 15511: 15508: 15507: 15505: 15501: 15495: 15494:United States 15492: 15490: 15487: 15485: 15482: 15480: 15477: 15475: 15472: 15470: 15467: 15465: 15462: 15460: 15457: 15456: 15454: 15450: 15446: 15439: 15434: 15432: 15427: 15425: 15420: 15419: 15416: 15404: 15401: 15399: 15396: 15395: 15390: 15386: 15383: 15379: 15378: 15374: 15360: 15357: 15355: 15352: 15350: 15347: 15343: 15340: 15339: 15338: 15335: 15331: 15328: 15327: 15326: 15323: 15321: 15318: 15316: 15313: 15311: 15308: 15306: 15303: 15301: 15298: 15294: 15291: 15289: 15286: 15285: 15284: 15281: 15279: 15278:Energy policy 15276: 15272: 15269: 15267: 15264: 15262: 15259: 15257: 15254: 15252: 15249: 15247: 15244: 15242: 15239: 15237: 15234: 15233: 15232: 15229: 15227: 15224: 15220: 15219:incarceration 15217: 15216: 15215: 15212: 15210: 15207: 15206: 15204: 15200: 15194: 15191: 15189: 15186: 15184: 15181: 15179: 15176: 15174: 15171: 15169: 15166: 15164: 15161: 15159: 15156: 15154: 15151: 15149: 15146: 15142: 15139: 15137: 15134: 15132: 15129: 15128: 15127: 15124: 15120: 15117: 15115: 15112: 15110: 15107: 15105: 15104:Prenatal care 15102: 15100: 15099:Birth control 15097: 15095: 15092: 15091: 15090: 15087: 15085: 15082: 15081: 15079: 15077: 15073: 15067: 15064: 15062: 15059: 15057: 15054: 15052: 15049: 15047: 15044: 15042: 15039: 15037: 15036:Homeownership 15034: 15032: 15029: 15027: 15024: 15022: 15019: 15017: 15014: 15013: 15011: 15009: 15005: 14999: 14996: 14994: 14991: 14989: 14986: 14984: 14981: 14979: 14976: 14974: 14971: 14969: 14966: 14964: 14961: 14959: 14956: 14954: 14951: 14949: 14946: 14944: 14941: 14939: 14936: 14932: 14929: 14927: 14924: 14922: 14919: 14917: 14914: 14913: 14912: 14909: 14907: 14904: 14902: 14899: 14897: 14894: 14890: 14887: 14885: 14882: 14880: 14877: 14875: 14872: 14870: 14867: 14866: 14865: 14862: 14860: 14857: 14853: 14850: 14848: 14845: 14843: 14840: 14839: 14838: 14835: 14833: 14830: 14828: 14825: 14823: 14820: 14816: 14813: 14812: 14811: 14808: 14806: 14803: 14799: 14796: 14795: 14794: 14791: 14789: 14786: 14784: 14781: 14777: 14774: 14772: 14769: 14768: 14767: 14764: 14760: 14759:working class 14757: 14755: 14752: 14750: 14747: 14745: 14742: 14740: 14737: 14735: 14732: 14730: 14727: 14725: 14722: 14720: 14719:homeownership 14717: 14715: 14712: 14710: 14707: 14706: 14705: 14702: 14700: 14697: 14695: 14692: 14690: 14687: 14685: 14682: 14680: 14677: 14675: 14672: 14670: 14667: 14666: 14664: 14662: 14658: 14654: 14651: 14649: 14645: 14635: 14632: 14630: 14627: 14625: 14622: 14620: 14617: 14615: 14612: 14610: 14607: 14605: 14602: 14601: 14599: 14597: 14593: 14587: 14584: 14582: 14579: 14577: 14574: 14572: 14569: 14567: 14564: 14562: 14559: 14557: 14554: 14552: 14549: 14547: 14544: 14542: 14539: 14537: 14534: 14532: 14529: 14525: 14522: 14520: 14517: 14515: 14512: 14510: 14507: 14505: 14502: 14500: 14499:Manufacturing 14497: 14495: 14492: 14490: 14487: 14485: 14482: 14480: 14477: 14475: 14472: 14470: 14467: 14466: 14465: 14462: 14461: 14458: 14455: 14453: 14449: 14435: 14432: 14428: 14427:Third parties 14425: 14423: 14420: 14418: 14415: 14414: 14413: 14410: 14406: 14403: 14401: 14398: 14396: 14393: 14392: 14391: 14388: 14386: 14383: 14379: 14376: 14375: 14374: 14371: 14367: 14364: 14362: 14359: 14358: 14357: 14354: 14352: 14349: 14348: 14345: 14333: 14330: 14329: 14328: 14325: 14324: 14322: 14320: 14316: 14310: 14307: 14305: 14302: 14301: 14299: 14297: 14293: 14287: 14284: 14282: 14279: 14277: 14274: 14272: 14269: 14267: 14264: 14262: 14259: 14257: 14254: 14252: 14249: 14247: 14244: 14242: 14239: 14238: 14236: 14232: 14226: 14223: 14221: 14218: 14216: 14213: 14211: 14208: 14207: 14205: 14203: 14199: 14196: 14194: 14190: 14184: 14181: 14177: 14174: 14173: 14172: 14169: 14165: 14162: 14160: 14157: 14155: 14152: 14151: 14150: 14147: 14145: 14142: 14141: 14139: 14137: 14133: 14123: 14120: 14118: 14115: 14113: 14110: 14108: 14105: 14104: 14102: 14100: 14096: 14088: 14085: 14084: 14083: 14080: 14076: 14073: 14072: 14071: 14068: 14067: 14065: 14063: 14059: 14053: 14050: 14048: 14045: 14044: 14042: 14040: 14036: 14028: 14025: 14024: 14023: 14020: 14018: 14015: 14013: 14010: 14008: 14005: 14003: 14000: 13998: 13995: 13993: 13990: 13988: 13985: 13981: 13978: 13977: 13976: 13973: 13969: 13966: 13965: 13964: 13961: 13960: 13958: 13956: 13952: 13949: 13947: 13941: 13936: 13932: 13922: 13919: 13917: 13914: 13910: 13907: 13905: 13902: 13900: 13897: 13895: 13892: 13890: 13887: 13885: 13882: 13880: 13877: 13876: 13875: 13872: 13871: 13869: 13867: 13863: 13857: 13854: 13850: 13847: 13845: 13842: 13840: 13837: 13835: 13832: 13831: 13830: 13827: 13825: 13822: 13818: 13815: 13814: 13813: 13810: 13809: 13807: 13805: 13801: 13795: 13794:U.S. attorney 13792: 13790: 13787: 13783: 13780: 13778: 13775: 13774: 13773: 13769: 13766: 13762: 13759: 13758: 13757: 13754: 13750: 13747: 13745: 13742: 13740: 13739:Chief Justice 13737: 13736: 13735: 13734:Supreme Court 13732: 13731: 13729: 13727: 13723: 13717: 13714: 13712: 13709: 13707: 13704: 13702: 13699: 13697: 13694: 13690: 13687: 13685: 13682: 13680: 13677: 13676: 13675: 13672: 13668: 13665: 13663: 13660: 13659: 13658: 13655: 13654: 13652: 13650: 13646: 13640: 13639:Public policy 13637: 13635: 13634:Civil service 13632: 13630: 13627: 13623: 13620: 13618: 13615: 13613: 13610: 13608: 13605: 13603: 13600: 13598: 13595: 13593: 13590: 13588: 13585: 13583: 13580: 13579: 13578: 13575: 13571: 13568: 13566: 13563: 13561: 13558: 13556: 13553: 13552: 13551: 13548: 13546: 13543: 13541: 13538: 13536: 13533: 13531: 13528: 13524: 13521: 13519: 13516: 13515: 13514: 13511: 13510: 13508: 13504: 13501: 13499: 13495: 13491: 13488: 13486: 13482: 13472: 13469: 13467: 13464: 13462: 13459: 13455: 13452: 13450: 13447: 13445: 13442: 13440: 13437: 13435: 13432: 13430: 13427: 13425: 13422: 13420: 13417: 13416: 13415: 13411: 13407: 13404: 13402: 13399: 13397: 13394: 13392: 13389: 13387: 13384: 13382: 13379: 13377: 13374: 13372: 13369: 13367: 13364: 13362: 13359: 13357: 13354: 13352: 13349: 13347: 13344: 13342: 13339: 13337: 13334: 13332: 13329: 13327: 13324: 13323: 13322: 13319: 13315: 13312: 13311: 13310: 13307: 13303: 13302:Sierra Nevada 13300: 13298: 13295: 13293: 13290: 13288: 13285: 13283: 13280: 13279: 13278: 13275: 13273: 13270: 13268: 13265: 13263: 13260: 13256: 13253: 13251: 13248: 13246: 13243: 13241: 13240:insular zones 13238: 13236: 13233: 13231: 13228: 13226: 13223: 13221: 13218: 13216: 13213: 13212: 13211: 13208: 13207: 13204: 13201: 13199: 13195: 13185: 13182: 13180: 13177: 13175: 13172: 13170: 13167: 13165: 13162: 13160: 13157: 13155: 13152: 13150: 13147: 13146: 13144: 13140: 13134: 13131: 13129: 13126: 13122: 13119: 13117: 13114: 13113: 13112: 13111:War on Terror 13109: 13107: 13104: 13102: 13099: 13097: 13094: 13092: 13091:LGBT Movement 13089: 13087: 13084: 13082: 13079: 13077: 13074: 13072: 13069: 13067: 13064: 13060: 13057: 13056: 13055: 13052: 13050: 13047: 13045: 13042: 13040: 13037: 13035: 13032: 13030: 13027: 13023: 13020: 13018: 13015: 13013: 13010: 13009: 13007: 13005: 13002: 13000: 12997: 12995: 12992: 12990: 12987: 12985: 12982: 12980: 12977: 12975: 12972: 12970: 12967: 12965: 12962: 12960: 12957: 12955: 12952: 12948: 12945: 12943: 12940: 12939: 12938: 12935: 12933: 12930: 12926: 12923: 12921: 12918: 12917: 12916: 12913: 12909: 12906: 12904: 12901: 12900: 12899: 12896: 12894: 12891: 12889: 12886: 12884: 12881: 12877: 12874: 12872: 12869: 12867: 12864: 12862: 12859: 12857: 12854: 12852: 12849: 12847: 12844: 12843: 12842: 12839: 12837: 12834: 12833: 12831: 12827: 12821: 12818: 12816: 12813: 12811: 12808: 12806: 12803: 12801: 12798: 12796: 12793: 12791: 12788: 12786: 12783: 12781: 12778: 12776: 12773: 12771: 12768: 12767: 12765: 12761: 12758: 12756: 12752: 12747: 12746:United States 12740: 12735: 12733: 12728: 12726: 12721: 12720: 12717: 12701: 12698: 12696: 12693: 12691: 12688: 12686: 12683: 12681: 12678: 12677: 12675: 12673: 12669: 12663: 12660: 12659: 12657: 12653: 12647: 12644: 12642: 12639: 12637: 12636:West Virginia 12634: 12632: 12629: 12627: 12624: 12622: 12619: 12617: 12614: 12612: 12609: 12607: 12604: 12602: 12599: 12597: 12594: 12592: 12589: 12587: 12584: 12582: 12579: 12577: 12574: 12572: 12569: 12567: 12564: 12562: 12559: 12557: 12554: 12552: 12549: 12547: 12544: 12542: 12541:New Hampshire 12539: 12537: 12534: 12532: 12529: 12527: 12524: 12522: 12519: 12517: 12514: 12512: 12509: 12507: 12504: 12502: 12501:Massachusetts 12499: 12497: 12494: 12492: 12489: 12487: 12484: 12482: 12479: 12477: 12474: 12472: 12469: 12467: 12464: 12462: 12459: 12457: 12454: 12452: 12449: 12447: 12444: 12442: 12439: 12437: 12434: 12432: 12429: 12427: 12424: 12422: 12419: 12417: 12414: 12412: 12409: 12407: 12404: 12403: 12401: 12399: 12395: 12392: 12388: 12382: 12379: 12377: 12374: 12372: 12369: 12367: 12364: 12362: 12359: 12357: 12354: 12352: 12349: 12347: 12344: 12342: 12339: 12337: 12334: 12332: 12329: 12327: 12324: 12322: 12319: 12317: 12314: 12312: 12309: 12307: 12304: 12302: 12299: 12297: 12294: 12292: 12289: 12287: 12284: 12282: 12279: 12277: 12274: 12272: 12269: 12267: 12264: 12262: 12259: 12257: 12254: 12253: 12251: 12249: 12245: 12239: 12236: 12234: 12231: 12229: 12226: 12224: 12221: 12219: 12216: 12214: 12211: 12209: 12206: 12204: 12201: 12199: 12196: 12194: 12191: 12189: 12186: 12184: 12181: 12179: 12176: 12174: 12171: 12169: 12166: 12164: 12161: 12159: 12156: 12154: 12151: 12149: 12146: 12144: 12141: 12139: 12136: 12134: 12131: 12129: 12126: 12124: 12121: 12119: 12116: 12114: 12111: 12109: 12106: 12104: 12101: 12099: 12096: 12094: 12091: 12089: 12086: 12084: 12081: 12079: 12076: 12074: 12071: 12069: 12066: 12064: 12061: 12059: 12056: 12054: 12051: 12049: 12046: 12044: 12041: 12039: 12036: 12034: 12031: 12029: 12026: 12024: 12021: 12019: 12016: 12014: 12011: 12009: 12006: 12004: 12001: 11999: 11996: 11994: 11991: 11989: 11986: 11984: 11981: 11979: 11976: 11974: 11971: 11969: 11966: 11964: 11961: 11959: 11956: 11954: 11951: 11949: 11946: 11944: 11941: 11939: 11936: 11934: 11931: 11929: 11926: 11924: 11921: 11919: 11916: 11914: 11911: 11909: 11906: 11904: 11901: 11899: 11896: 11894: 11891: 11889: 11886: 11884: 11881: 11879: 11876: 11874: 11871: 11869: 11866: 11864: 11861: 11859: 11856: 11854: 11851: 11849: 11846: 11844: 11841: 11839: 11836: 11834: 11831: 11829: 11826: 11824: 11821: 11819: 11816: 11814: 11811: 11809: 11806: 11804: 11801: 11799: 11796: 11794: 11791: 11789: 11786: 11784: 11781: 11779: 11776: 11774: 11771: 11769: 11766: 11764: 11761: 11759: 11756: 11754: 11751: 11749: 11746: 11744: 11741: 11740: 11738: 11736: 11732: 11726: 11723: 11721: 11718: 11716: 11713: 11711: 11708: 11706: 11703: 11701: 11698: 11696: 11693: 11691: 11688: 11686: 11683: 11681: 11678: 11676: 11673: 11671: 11668: 11666: 11663: 11661: 11658: 11656: 11653: 11651: 11648: 11646: 11643: 11641: 11638: 11636: 11633: 11631: 11628: 11626: 11623: 11621: 11618: 11616: 11613: 11611: 11608: 11606: 11603: 11601: 11598: 11596: 11593: 11591: 11588: 11586: 11583: 11581: 11578: 11576: 11573: 11571: 11568: 11566: 11563: 11561: 11558: 11556: 11553: 11551: 11548: 11546: 11543: 11541: 11538: 11536: 11533: 11531: 11528: 11526: 11523: 11521: 11518: 11516: 11513: 11511: 11508: 11506: 11503: 11501: 11498: 11496: 11493: 11491: 11488: 11486: 11483: 11481: 11478: 11476: 11473: 11471: 11468: 11466: 11463: 11461: 11458: 11456: 11453: 11451: 11448: 11446: 11443: 11441: 11438: 11436: 11433: 11431: 11428: 11426: 11423: 11421: 11418: 11416: 11413: 11411: 11408: 11406: 11403: 11401: 11398: 11396: 11393: 11391: 11388: 11386: 11383: 11381: 11378: 11376: 11373: 11371: 11368: 11366: 11363: 11361: 11358: 11356: 11353: 11351: 11348: 11346: 11343: 11341: 11338: 11336: 11333: 11331: 11328: 11326: 11323: 11321: 11318: 11316: 11313: 11311: 11308: 11306: 11303: 11301: 11298: 11296: 11293: 11291: 11288: 11286: 11283: 11281: 11278: 11276: 11273: 11271: 11268: 11266: 11263: 11261: 11258: 11256: 11253: 11251: 11248: 11246: 11243: 11241: 11238: 11236: 11233: 11231: 11228: 11227: 11225: 11223: 11219: 11213: 11210: 11208: 11205: 11203: 11200: 11198: 11195: 11193: 11190: 11188: 11185: 11183: 11180: 11178: 11175: 11173: 11170: 11168: 11165: 11163: 11160: 11158: 11155: 11153: 11150: 11148: 11145: 11143: 11140: 11138: 11135: 11133: 11130: 11128: 11125: 11123: 11120: 11118: 11115: 11113: 11110: 11108: 11105: 11103: 11100: 11098: 11095: 11093: 11090: 11089: 11087: 11085: 11081: 11077: 11070: 11065: 11063: 11058: 11056: 11051: 11050: 11047: 11035: 11031: 11027: 11025: 11017: 11015: 11012: 11010: 11009:List of years 11007: 11006: 11003: 10989: 10981: 10979: 10978:Urban history 10976: 10975: 10973: 10969: 10963: 10960: 10958: 10957:Palmyra Atoll 10955: 10953: 10950: 10948: 10945: 10943: 10940: 10938: 10935: 10933: 10932:Jarvis Island 10930: 10928: 10925: 10923: 10920: 10919: 10917: 10913: 10907: 10904: 10902: 10899: 10897: 10894: 10892: 10889: 10887: 10884: 10883: 10881: 10879:Insular areas 10877: 10873: 10869: 10865: 10859: 10856: 10854: 10851: 10849: 10848:West Virginia 10846: 10844: 10841: 10839: 10836: 10834: 10831: 10829: 10826: 10824: 10821: 10819: 10816: 10814: 10811: 10809: 10806: 10804: 10801: 10799: 10796: 10794: 10791: 10789: 10786: 10784: 10781: 10779: 10776: 10774: 10771: 10769: 10766: 10764: 10761: 10759: 10756: 10754: 10753:New Hampshire 10751: 10749: 10746: 10744: 10741: 10739: 10736: 10734: 10731: 10729: 10726: 10724: 10721: 10719: 10716: 10714: 10713:Massachusetts 10711: 10709: 10706: 10704: 10701: 10699: 10696: 10694: 10691: 10689: 10686: 10684: 10681: 10679: 10676: 10674: 10671: 10669: 10666: 10664: 10661: 10659: 10656: 10654: 10651: 10649: 10646: 10644: 10641: 10639: 10636: 10634: 10631: 10629: 10626: 10624: 10621: 10619: 10616: 10614: 10611: 10610: 10608: 10604: 10598: 10595: 10593: 10590: 10588: 10585: 10584: 10582: 10578: 10572: 10569: 10567: 10564: 10562: 10559: 10557: 10554: 10552: 10549: 10548: 10546: 10544: 10540: 10536: 10529: 10525: 10513: 10510: 10508: 10505: 10503: 10500: 10499: 10498: 10497: 10493: 10491: 10490: 10486: 10482: 10479: 10477: 10474: 10473: 10472: 10471: 10467: 10463: 10460: 10458: 10455: 10453: 10450: 10448: 10445: 10443: 10440: 10438: 10435: 10434: 10433: 10432: 10428: 10426: 10425: 10421: 10417: 10414: 10413: 10412: 10411: 10407: 10403: 10400: 10398: 10395: 10393: 10390: 10388: 10385: 10383: 10380: 10378: 10375: 10373: 10370: 10368: 10365: 10363: 10360: 10359: 10358: 10357: 10353: 10349: 10346: 10344: 10343:Thai American 10341: 10339: 10336: 10334: 10331: 10329: 10326: 10324: 10321: 10319: 10316: 10315: 10314: 10313: 10309: 10307: 10306: 10302: 10301: 10298: 10291: 10287: 10275: 10272: 10270: 10267: 10265: 10262: 10260: 10257: 10255: 10252: 10251: 10250: 10249: 10245: 10241: 10238: 10237: 10236: 10235: 10231: 10229: 10228: 10224: 10222: 10221: 10217: 10213: 10210: 10208: 10205: 10203: 10200: 10198: 10195: 10193: 10190: 10188: 10185: 10184: 10183: 10182: 10181:Party Systems 10178: 10174: 10171: 10169: 10166: 10164: 10161: 10159: 10156: 10154: 10151: 10149: 10146: 10145: 10144: 10143: 10139: 10137: 10136: 10132: 10130: 10129: 10125: 10121: 10120:Voting rights 10118: 10116: 10113: 10111: 10108: 10106: 10103: 10101: 10098: 10096: 10093: 10091: 10088: 10086: 10083: 10081: 10078: 10076: 10073: 10071: 10068: 10066: 10063: 10062: 10061: 10060: 10056: 10054: 10053: 10049: 10045: 10042: 10041: 10040: 10039: 10035: 10031: 10028: 10027: 10026: 10025: 10021: 10017: 10014: 10013: 10012: 10011: 10007: 10003: 10000: 9998: 9995: 9993: 9990: 9988: 9985: 9984: 9983: 9982: 9978: 9976: 9975: 9971: 9969: 9968: 9964: 9963: 9960: 9953: 9949: 9935: 9932: 9930: 9927: 9925: 9924: 9920: 9918: 9915: 9913: 9910: 9908: 9905: 9901: 9898: 9897: 9896: 9893: 9891: 9888: 9886: 9885: 9881: 9879: 9876: 9872: 9869: 9867: 9864: 9862: 9859: 9857: 9854: 9852: 9849: 9847: 9844: 9842: 9839: 9837: 9834: 9833: 9832: 9829: 9827: 9824: 9823: 9821: 9819: 9815: 9809: 9806: 9804: 9801: 9799: 9796: 9792: 9789: 9787: 9784: 9783: 9782: 9781:War on terror 9779: 9777: 9774: 9772: 9771: 9767: 9765: 9762: 9760: 9757: 9755: 9752: 9750: 9747: 9745: 9742: 9740: 9737: 9735: 9732: 9730: 9727: 9726: 9724: 9722: 9718: 9712: 9709: 9707: 9704: 9702: 9699: 9695: 9692: 9690: 9687: 9685: 9682: 9681: 9680: 9679:Late Cold War 9677: 9675: 9672: 9668: 9665: 9663: 9660: 9659: 9658: 9655: 9654: 9652: 9650: 9646: 9640: 9637: 9635: 9632: 9630: 9627: 9623: 9620: 9619: 9618: 9615: 9613: 9610: 9608: 9605: 9603: 9600: 9596: 9593: 9591: 9588: 9586: 9583: 9582: 9581: 9578: 9574: 9571: 9569: 9566: 9565: 9564: 9561: 9559: 9558:Great Society 9556: 9555: 9553: 9551: 9547: 9541: 9538: 9534: 9531: 9530: 9529: 9526: 9524: 9521: 9519: 9516: 9514: 9513:Post-war boom 9511: 9507: 9504: 9502: 9499: 9497: 9494: 9492: 9489: 9488: 9487: 9484: 9480: 9477: 9476: 9475: 9472: 9470: 9467: 9466: 9464: 9462: 9458: 9448: 9445: 9444: 9443: 9440: 9438: 9435: 9433: 9430: 9429: 9428: 9425: 9421: 9418: 9416: 9413: 9411: 9408: 9407: 9406: 9403: 9399: 9396: 9394: 9391: 9389: 9386: 9384: 9381: 9379: 9376: 9374: 9371: 9370: 9369: 9366: 9364: 9361: 9357: 9354: 9353: 9352: 9349: 9348: 9346: 9344: 9340: 9334: 9331: 9327: 9324: 9322: 9319: 9317: 9314: 9312: 9309: 9308: 9307: 9304: 9300: 9297: 9295: 9292: 9290: 9287: 9285: 9282: 9280: 9277: 9275: 9272: 9271: 9270: 9267: 9265: 9262: 9258: 9255: 9253: 9250: 9248: 9245: 9243: 9240: 9238: 9235: 9234: 9233: 9230: 9229: 9227: 9225: 9221: 9213: 9210: 9208: 9205: 9204: 9203: 9200: 9196: 9193: 9191: 9188: 9186: 9183: 9179: 9176: 9175: 9174: 9171: 9169: 9166: 9164: 9161: 9160: 9159: 9156: 9154: 9151: 9149: 9146: 9145: 9143: 9141: 9137: 9131: 9128: 9126: 9123: 9119: 9116: 9114: 9111: 9109: 9106: 9104: 9101: 9099: 9096: 9094: 9091: 9090: 9089: 9086: 9082: 9079: 9077: 9074: 9073: 9072: 9069: 9068: 9066: 9064: 9060: 9052: 9049: 9047: 9044: 9043: 9042: 9039: 9035: 9032: 9030: 9027: 9026: 9025: 9022: 9020: 9017: 9016: 9014: 9012: 9008: 9000: 8997: 8995: 8992: 8990: 8987: 8985: 8982: 8980: 8977: 8974: 8973: 8972: 8969: 8965: 8962: 8960: 8957: 8955: 8952: 8950: 8947: 8945: 8942: 8941: 8940: 8937: 8936: 8934: 8932: 8928: 8920: 8917: 8915: 8912: 8910: 8907: 8905: 8902: 8900: 8897: 8895: 8892: 8890: 8887: 8885: 8882: 8880: 8877: 8875: 8872: 8870: 8867: 8866: 8865: 8862: 8860: 8857: 8855: 8852: 8850: 8847: 8845: 8842: 8840: 8837: 8835: 8832: 8830: 8827: 8825: 8822: 8820: 8817: 8815: 8812: 8810: 8807: 8805: 8802: 8801: 8799: 8797: 8793: 8787: 8786: 8782: 8780: 8779: 8775: 8774: 8772: 8768: 8764: 8757: 8753: 8747: 8744: 8742: 8739: 8738: 8735: 8731: 8724: 8719: 8717: 8712: 8710: 8705: 8704: 8701: 8695: 8692: 8690: 8687: 8685: 8682: 8680: 8677: 8675: 8672: 8671: 8663: 8659: 8655: 8654: 8645: 8644: 8639: 8637: 8631: 8626: 8624: 8620: 8616: 8613: 8609: 8606: 8602: 8601:Mowry, George 8599: 8596: 8592: 8589: 8586: 8582: 8579: 8575: 8573: 8569: 8565: 8563: 8559: 8555: 8552: 8549: 8546: 8543: 8539: 8536: 8532: 8529: 8525: 8521: 8515:|series= 8506: 8499: 8493: 8489: 8485: 8484: 8478: 8475: 8471: 8468: 8464: 8461: 8458: 8454: 8451: 8450:Progressivism 8447: 8444: 8443:0-7656-8051-3 8440: 8437:(3 vol 2005) 8436: 8432: 8431: 8421: 8414: 8410: 8408: 8404: 8401: 8398: 8395: 8391: 8387: 8384: 8380: 8377: 8376:0-403-01127-2 8373: 8369: 8365: 8363: 8359: 8355: 8354:Nevins, Allan 8352: 8349: 8345: 8342: 8338: 8336: 8332: 8328: 8325: 8321: 8319: 8315: 8311: 8308: 8305: 8301: 8299: 8295: 8291: 8288: 8285: 8282: 8280: 8276: 8272: 8269: 8265: 8262: 8260: 8256: 8252: 8250: 8246: 8242: 8240: 8236: 8232: 8229: 8225: 8222: 8221:0-7656-8051-3 8218: 8214: 8210: 8209: 8207: 8195: 8191: 8187: 8184: 8180: 8177: 8173: 8172:Nevins, Allan 8170: 8167: 8163: 8162: 8157: 8152: 8148: 8145: 8144: 8143: 8139: 8135: 8132: 8129: 8128:0-8071-2234-3 8125: 8122: 8118: 8115: 8113: 8109: 8107: 8102: 8099: 8098: 8095: 8093: 8088: 8087: 8078: 8077: 8072: 8069: 8066: 8062: 8059: 8056: 8052: 8048: 8044: 8038: 8034: 8033: 8027: 8022: 8018: 8014: 8010: 8007: 8003: 8000: 7997: 7993: 7989: 7985: 7984: 7979: 7975: 7972: 7968: 7964: 7963: 7951: 7947: 7943: 7939: 7938:Labor History 7932: 7925: 7919: 7912: 7906: 7899: 7893: 7886: 7880: 7873: 7869: 7866: 7862: 7858: 7852: 7845: 7841: 7838: 7834: 7828: 7821: 7815: 7808: 7802: 7795: 7789: 7782: 7779:H.W. Brands, 7776: 7766: 7751: 7747: 7741: 7726: 7722: 7716: 7710: 7705: 7699: 7694: 7688: 7683: 7677: 7672: 7666: 7661: 7655: 7650: 7644: 7639: 7624: 7620: 7614: 7596: 7589: 7583: 7568: 7564: 7558: 7552: 7547: 7532: 7528: 7522: 7518: 7517: 7509: 7491: 7484: 7478: 7472: 7467: 7452: 7448: 7442: 7436: 7431: 7425: 7420: 7414: 7409: 7394: 7390: 7384: 7369: 7365: 7359: 7344: 7340: 7334: 7319: 7315: 7309: 7303: 7298: 7292: 7287: 7272: 7268: 7262: 7256: 7251: 7236: 7232: 7226: 7220: 7215: 7200: 7196: 7190: 7184: 7179: 7173: 7168: 7162: 7157: 7151: 7146: 7140: 7135: 7120: 7116: 7109: 7094: 7090: 7084: 7069: 7065: 7059: 7044: 7040: 7034: 7028: 7023: 7017: 7012: 6997: 6993: 6987: 6971: 6967: 6961: 6945: 6941: 6935: 6920: 6916: 6910: 6895: 6891: 6885: 6870: 6866: 6860: 6853: 6852:Progressivism 6847: 6839: 6835: 6831: 6827: 6823: 6819: 6812: 6805: 6799: 6795: 6788: 6780: 6778:0-7006-0206-2 6774: 6769: 6768: 6759: 6751: 6747: 6743: 6739: 6735: 6731: 6724: 6709: 6705: 6699: 6684: 6680: 6676: 6672: 6668: 6664: 6657: 6649: 6647:0-582-35671-7 6643: 6638: 6637: 6628: 6621: 6615: 6608: 6602: 6595: 6589: 6582: 6581: 6576: 6571: 6563: 6561:0-394-54975-9 6557: 6553: 6552: 6547: 6541: 6533: 6529: 6525: 6521: 6514: 6506: 6504:0-19-507104-2 6500: 6496: 6492: 6491: 6483: 6475: 6473:0-7006-0227-5 6469: 6465: 6464: 6456: 6448: 6441: 6433: 6429: 6425: 6421: 6417: 6413: 6409: 6405: 6398: 6390: 6388:0-8207-0202-1 6384: 6380: 6373: 6366: 6360: 6353: 6347: 6340: 6336: 6331: 6324: 6318: 6311: 6305: 6298: 6292: 6285: 6279: 6272: 6266: 6259: 6253: 6246: 6240: 6233: 6227: 6220: 6214: 6207: 6201: 6194: 6188: 6181: 6175: 6168: 6162: 6155: 6149: 6142: 6136: 6129: 6125: 6120: 6113: 6107: 6100: 6096: 6090: 6083: 6082:0-06-083865-5 6079: 6075: 6071: 6070: 6065: 6060: 6045: 6041: 6035: 6031: 6027: 6026: 6021: 6015: 6007: 6006: 5997: 5993: 5989: 5985: 5984:Labor History 5978: 5971: 5970:0-06-083865-5 5967: 5963: 5959: 5958: 5953: 5948: 5940: 5934: 5930: 5929:The New Press 5926: 5919: 5917: 5909: 5908:0-06-083865-5 5905: 5901: 5897: 5896: 5891: 5886: 5879: 5878:0-06-083865-5 5875: 5871: 5867: 5866: 5861: 5856: 5849: 5848:0-06-083865-5 5845: 5841: 5837: 5836: 5831: 5826: 5818: 5814: 5810: 5806: 5799: 5791: 5784: 5776: 5774:0-8229-3702-6 5770: 5765: 5764: 5755: 5747: 5745:0-226-76416-8 5741: 5737: 5732: 5731: 5722: 5715: 5709: 5703: 5699: 5696: 5692: 5686: 5677: 5676: 5674: 5673:0-06-083865-5 5670: 5666: 5662: 5661: 5656: 5651: 5645:(1957) ch 1=1 5644: 5641:Philip Taft, 5638: 5630: 5626: 5622: 5618: 5614: 5610: 5609: 5601: 5593: 5591:0-7656-0935-5 5587: 5583: 5576: 5568: 5566:0-88295-998-0 5562: 5558: 5551: 5543: 5539: 5535: 5531: 5527: 5523: 5519: 5515: 5514: 5506: 5499: 5493: 5486: 5484: 5479: 5475: 5472: 5466: 5459: 5453: 5446: 5442: 5437: 5430: 5424: 5417: 5411: 5404: 5398: 5391: 5385: 5378: 5372: 5365: 5359: 5352: 5346: 5339: 5333: 5326: 5320: 5313: 5307: 5300: 5294: 5287: 5281: 5274: 5268: 5262:(1982) p. 203 5261: 5255: 5248: 5242: 5236:(1970) p. 205 5235: 5229: 5222: 5217: 5211: 5207: 5201: 5194: 5188: 5181: 5175: 5168: 5162: 5155: 5149: 5141: 5135: 5131: 5130: 5122: 5116: 5112: 5109: 5107: 5102: 5097: 5091: 5087: 5086: 5078: 5071: 5065: 5058: 5052: 5045: 5039: 5032: 5026: 5018: 5014: 5010: 5006: 5002: 4998: 4991: 4984: 4978: 4970: 4964: 4960: 4959: 4951: 4944: 4938: 4932: 4928: 4925: 4924:Nov. 16, 1867 4923: 4916: 4909: 4903: 4901: 4893: 4887: 4883: 4874: 4871: 4869: 4866: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4854: 4851: 4849: 4846: 4844: 4841: 4839: 4836: 4834: 4831: 4829: 4826: 4824: 4821: 4819: 4816: 4814: 4811: 4809: 4806: 4804: 4801: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4791: 4789: 4786: 4785: 4779: 4776: 4771: 4769: 4765: 4761: 4756: 4754: 4750: 4746: 4742: 4738: 4729: 4725: 4721: 4718: 4712: 4709: 4705: 4701: 4695: 4685: 4683: 4679: 4675: 4671: 4666: 4661: 4659: 4655: 4654:U.S. Senators 4651: 4647: 4644:authorized a 4643: 4639: 4635: 4634:civil service 4631: 4626: 4624: 4620: 4616: 4610: 4600: 4598: 4594: 4590: 4586: 4581: 4574: 4569: 4565: 4563: 4559: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4545:1904 election 4541: 4539: 4535: 4529: 4519: 4515: 4513: 4509: 4505: 4501: 4497: 4492: 4488: 4483: 4479: 4474: 4472: 4468: 4467: 4462: 4458: 4454: 4450: 4449: 4444: 4443: 4437: 4433: 4431: 4427: 4423: 4419: 4418:New York City 4415: 4411: 4407: 4403: 4402:spoils system 4399: 4395: 4391: 4387: 4382: 4380: 4376: 4371: 4369: 4365: 4361: 4357: 4353: 4349: 4345: 4341: 4332: 4331: 4330: 4328: 4323: 4316: 4311: 4301: 4299: 4294: 4292: 4288: 4285:, under Gen. 4284: 4280: 4277:, attacked a 4276: 4272: 4268: 4264: 4260: 4256: 4252: 4248: 4244: 4242: 4238: 4234: 4230: 4226: 4221: 4217: 4213: 4208: 4206: 4202: 4197: 4195: 4190: 4186: 4182: 4177: 4175: 4170: 4166: 4160: 4156: 4149:Latin America 4146: 4144: 4141:in 1907. The 4140: 4135: 4134:Protestantism 4131: 4127: 4124: 4119: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4104: 4100: 4094: 4090: 4080: 4078: 4072: 4070: 4066: 4062: 4058: 4054: 4050: 4045: 4042: 4038: 4037:Havana Harbor 4034: 4033: 4027: 4023: 4019: 4015: 4011: 4007: 4003: 3999: 3995: 3991: 3987: 3983: 3974: 3969: 3959: 3956: 3952: 3948: 3939: 3934: 3930: 3920: 3918: 3913: 3907: 3905: 3901: 3897: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3881: 3878: 3872: 3870: 3866: 3862: 3853: 3848: 3838: 3836: 3831: 3827: 3823: 3817: 3815: 3811: 3807: 3802: 3798: 3794: 3790: 3785: 3783: 3779: 3775: 3774:Bank failures 3771: 3770:Panic of 1893 3766: 3764: 3763:gold standard 3758: 3756: 3752: 3746: 3744: 3739: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3725: 3721: 3717: 3713: 3708: 3706: 3705:Ocala Demands 3702: 3698: 3694: 3688: 3678: 3676: 3672: 3671: 3666: 3662: 3658: 3654: 3652: 3648: 3644: 3640: 3636: 3635: 3629: 3622: 3618: 3613: 3608: 3598: 3596: 3592: 3588: 3584: 3580: 3579:New York City 3576: 3572: 3568: 3564: 3559: 3556: 3551: 3549: 3545: 3541: 3537: 3536:Social Gospel 3533: 3532:Second Coming 3529: 3525: 3521: 3515: 3505: 3503: 3499: 3493: 3491: 3487: 3483: 3477: 3470: 3469: 3463: 3459: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3445: 3442:moved to the 3441: 3437: 3433: 3429: 3428:New York City 3425: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3396:Great Britain 3389: 3384: 3379: 3369: 3367: 3358: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3343: 3340: 3336: 3335:1888 election 3332: 3328: 3324: 3320: 3316: 3311: 3309: 3305: 3301: 3296: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3282: 3278: 3277: 3272: 3268: 3264: 3260: 3259:robber barons 3255: 3254:Panic of 1873 3249: 3239: 3237: 3233: 3229: 3225: 3221: 3220:Massachusetts 3217: 3214:" strike) in 3213: 3209: 3205: 3204:One Big Union 3201: 3197: 3196:direct action 3193: 3192:class warfare 3189: 3181: 3176: 3172: 3169: 3165: 3161: 3157: 3152: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3134: 3129: 3125: 3121: 3119: 3115: 3111: 3106: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3091: 3089: 3085: 3081: 3069: 3064: 3062: 3057: 3055: 3050: 3049: 3047: 3046: 3039: 3036: 3034: 3031: 3029: 3026: 3024: 3021: 3019: 3016: 3014: 3011: 3009: 3006: 3005: 2999: 2998: 2990: 2987: 2985: 2982: 2980: 2977: 2975: 2972: 2970: 2967: 2965: 2962: 2960: 2957: 2955: 2952: 2950: 2949:New Caledonia 2947: 2945: 2942: 2940: 2937: 2935: 2932: 2930: 2927: 2925: 2922: 2920: 2917: 2915: 2912: 2910: 2907: 2905: 2902: 2901: 2897: 2892: 2891: 2883: 2880: 2878: 2875: 2873: 2870: 2868: 2865: 2863: 2860: 2858: 2855: 2853: 2850: 2848: 2847:Overtime bans 2845: 2843: 2840: 2838: 2835: 2831: 2828: 2826: 2823: 2822: 2821: 2818: 2816: 2813: 2811: 2808: 2807: 2803: 2802:Strike action 2798: 2797: 2787: 2784: 2782: 2779: 2778: 2776: 2774: 2771: 2769: 2766: 2764: 2761: 2760: 2757: 2752: 2751: 2743: 2740: 2738: 2737:Unfree labour 2735: 2733: 2730: 2728: 2725: 2723: 2720: 2718: 2715: 2713: 2710: 2708: 2705: 2703: 2700: 2698: 2697:Paid time off 2695: 2693: 2690: 2688: 2685: 2683: 2680: 2678: 2675: 2673: 2670: 2668: 2665: 2663: 2662:Four-day week 2660: 2658: 2655: 2653: 2650: 2648: 2645: 2643: 2640: 2638: 2635: 2633: 2630: 2628: 2625: 2623: 2620: 2619: 2615: 2614:Labour rights 2610: 2609: 2599: 2596: 2594: 2591: 2589: 2588:Union busting 2586: 2584: 2581: 2579: 2576: 2574: 2571: 2569: 2566: 2564: 2561: 2559: 2556: 2554: 2551: 2549: 2546: 2544: 2541: 2539: 2536: 2534: 2531: 2529: 2526: 2525: 2523: 2522: 2519: 2514: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2504: 2501: 2496: 2495: 2491: 2485: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2462: 2459: 2458:Massachusetts 2453: 2451: 2447: 2437: 2435: 2434:manufacturing 2431: 2427: 2423: 2422:robber barons 2419: 2415: 2411: 2406: 2403: 2397: 2395: 2391: 2385: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2358: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2335: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2317: 2312: 2307: 2303: 2293: 2289: 2287: 2286:barn raisings 2281: 2272: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2257: 2255: 2249: 2246: 2243: 2242:Homestead Act 2239: 2234: 2227: 2222: 2214: 2209: 2199: 2197: 2192: 2187: 2185: 2181: 2175: 2173: 2172:buffalo herds 2169: 2166: 2162: 2156: 2152: 2142: 2140: 2136: 2131: 2128:In 1869, the 2123: 2122:Volga Germans 2118: 2113: 2099: 2098: 2097: 2094: 2086: 2085: 2084: 2078: 2074: 2073: 2072: 2068: 2066: 2062: 2057: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2043: 2042:Jim Crow Laws 2039: 2035: 2029: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2015: 2010: 2008: 2004: 1999: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1970:, allowing a 1969: 1964: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1917: 1916: 1911: 1910:Black farmers 1906: 1901: 1888: 1881: 1877: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1858:Spain in 1898 1854: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1831: 1829: 1824: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1781: 1778: 1774: 1769: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1735: 1730: 1728: 1723: 1721: 1716: 1715: 1713: 1712: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1697: 1689: 1688: 1685: 1682: 1680: 1679:List of years 1677: 1675: 1672: 1671: 1670: 1669: 1658: 1650: 1648: 1647:Urban history 1645: 1644: 1643: 1642: 1638: 1637: 1632: 1629: 1627: 1624: 1622: 1619: 1617: 1614: 1612: 1609: 1607: 1604: 1603: 1602: 1601: 1597: 1596: 1591: 1588: 1586: 1583: 1581: 1578: 1576: 1573: 1571: 1568: 1566: 1563: 1561: 1558: 1556: 1553: 1551: 1548: 1546: 1543: 1541: 1538: 1536: 1533: 1531: 1528: 1526: 1523: 1521: 1518: 1516: 1513: 1511: 1508: 1506: 1503: 1501: 1498: 1496: 1493: 1491: 1488: 1486: 1483: 1481: 1478: 1476: 1473: 1471: 1468: 1466: 1463: 1461: 1458: 1456: 1453: 1451: 1448: 1446: 1443: 1441: 1438: 1436: 1433: 1431: 1428: 1426: 1423: 1421: 1418: 1416: 1413: 1411: 1408: 1406: 1403: 1401: 1398: 1396: 1393: 1391: 1388: 1386: 1383: 1381: 1378: 1376: 1373: 1371: 1368: 1366: 1363: 1361: 1358: 1356: 1353: 1351: 1348: 1346: 1343: 1342: 1341: 1340: 1336: 1335: 1330: 1327: 1325: 1322: 1320: 1317: 1316: 1315: 1314: 1310: 1309: 1304: 1301: 1299: 1296: 1294: 1291: 1289: 1286: 1284: 1281: 1280: 1279: 1278: 1275: 1272: 1271: 1263: 1262: 1253: 1250: 1248: 1245: 1243: 1240: 1239: 1238: 1237: 1233: 1231: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1219: 1217: 1214: 1213: 1212: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1200: 1198: 1195: 1193: 1190: 1188: 1185: 1183: 1180: 1178: 1175: 1174: 1173: 1172: 1168: 1166: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1154: 1153: 1152: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1140: 1138: 1135: 1133: 1130: 1128: 1125: 1123: 1120: 1118: 1115: 1113: 1110: 1108: 1105: 1103: 1100: 1098: 1095: 1094: 1093: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1081: 1079: 1078:Thai American 1076: 1074: 1071: 1069: 1066: 1064: 1061: 1059: 1056: 1054: 1051: 1050: 1049: 1048: 1044: 1042: 1041: 1037: 1036: 1030: 1029: 1020: 1017: 1015: 1012: 1010: 1007: 1005: 1002: 1000: 997: 996: 995: 994: 990: 986: 983: 982: 981: 980: 976: 974: 973: 969: 967: 966: 962: 958: 955: 953: 950: 948: 945: 943: 940: 938: 935: 933: 930: 929: 928: 927: 926:Party Systems 923: 919: 916: 914: 911: 909: 906: 904: 901: 899: 896: 894: 891: 890: 889: 888: 884: 882: 881: 877: 875: 874: 870: 866: 865:Voting rights 863: 861: 858: 856: 853: 851: 848: 846: 843: 841: 838: 836: 833: 831: 828: 826: 823: 821: 818: 816: 813: 811: 808: 807: 806: 805: 801: 799: 798: 794: 790: 787: 786: 785: 784: 780: 776: 773: 772: 771: 770: 766: 762: 759: 758: 757: 756: 752: 748: 745: 743: 740: 738: 735: 733: 730: 729: 728: 727: 723: 719: 716: 715: 714: 713: 709: 707: 706: 702: 700: 699: 695: 694: 688: 687: 677: 674: 673: 670: 668: 667: 663: 662: 658: 656: 652: 651: 648: 646: 645: 641: 640: 636: 634: 630: 629: 626: 624: 623: 619: 618: 614: 612: 608: 607: 603: 601: 597: 596: 593: 591: 590: 586: 585: 581: 579: 575: 574: 570: 568: 564: 563: 560: 558: 557: 553: 552: 548: 546: 542: 541: 537: 535: 531: 530: 526: 524: 520: 519: 515: 513: 509: 508: 505: 503: 502: 498: 497: 493: 491: 487: 486: 482: 480: 476: 475: 471: 469: 465: 464: 461: 459: 458: 454: 453: 449: 447: 446:Civil War Era 443: 442: 439: 437: 436: 432: 431: 427: 425: 421: 420: 416: 414: 410: 409: 406: 404: 403: 399: 398: 394: 392: 388: 387: 383: 381: 377: 376: 373: 371: 370: 366: 365: 361: 359: 355: 354: 350: 348: 344: 343: 340: 338: 337: 333: 332: 328: 326: 325: 321: 320: 316: 314: 313: 308: 307: 303: 302: 297: 290: 289: 285: 281: 280: 277: 276:United States 270: 269: 266: 263: 262: 250: 246: 241: 237: 232: 228: 224: 221: 217: 213: 209: 205: 201: 197: 193: 189: 185: 181: 177: 173: 169: 165: 162: 158: 155: 151: 147: 143: 139: 135: 131: 127: 123: 119: 115: 112: 108: 102: 99: 97: 94: 93: 89: 85: 81: 77: 73: 69: 66: 62: 59: 58:United States 56: 52: 40: 34: 29: 24: 19: 16: 15834: 15830:Anglo-German 15819: 15691:Treaties and 15493: 15452:Great powers 15320:Human rights 15300:Gun politics 15251:Islamophobia 15241:antisemitism 15109:Hospice care 15051:Middle class 15031:Homelessness 15008:Social class 14968:Social class 14832:Human rights 14822:Homelessness 14734:middle class 14699:Demographics 14674:Architecture 14581:Unemployment 14561:Labor unions 14309:Town meeting 14286:City council 14281:City manager 14022:State police 13884:Marine Corps 13874:Armed Forces 13849:civil rights 13829:Constitution 13401:Southwestern 13396:Southeastern 13386:Northwestern 13381:Northeastern 13346:Mid-Atlantic 13336:Great Plains 13054:World War II 12937:Constitution 12841:Colonial era 12820:2008–present 12789: 12601:South Dakota 12591:Rhode Island 12586:Pennsylvania 12566:North Dakota 12248:21st century 11735:20th century 11222:19th century 11084:18th century 10947:Midway Atoll 10942:Kingman Reef 10922:Baker Island 10901:Puerto Rico 10813:South Dakota 10803:Rhode Island 10798:Pennsylvania 10778:North Dakota 10494: 10487: 10468: 10429: 10422: 10408: 10354: 10310: 10303: 10246: 10232: 10225: 10218: 10179: 10153:Marine Corps 10140: 10133: 10126: 10090:Debt ceiling 10075:Civil Rights 10057: 10050: 10036: 10022: 10008: 9979: 9974:Antisemitism 9972: 9965: 9921: 9882: 9818:2008–present 9770:Bush v. Gore 9768: 9706:War on drugs 9580:Mid Cold War 9432:Pearl Harbor 9427:World War II 9247:Ku Klux Klan 9223: 8844:Dummer's War 8783: 8776: 8770:Pre-Colonial 8657: 8642: 8629: 8618: 8611: 8604: 8594: 8584: 8577: 8567: 8557: 8550: 8541: 8534: 8527: 8490:, ABC-CLIO, 8482: 8473: 8466: 8456: 8449: 8434: 8412: 8402: 8389: 8382: 8367: 8357: 8347: 8340: 8330: 8323: 8313: 8303: 8293: 8286: 8274: 8267: 8264:Fine, Sidney 8254: 8244: 8234: 8227: 8212: 8189: 8182: 8175: 8160: 8150: 8137: 8120: 8105: 8089: 8074: 8064: 8050: 8031: 8020: 8005: 7995: 7988:the original 7982: 7970: 7941: 7937: 7931: 7923: 7918: 7910: 7905: 7897: 7892: 7884: 7879: 7860: 7851: 7832: 7827: 7819: 7814: 7806: 7801: 7796:(2009) ch 15 7793: 7788: 7780: 7775: 7765: 7754:. Retrieved 7740: 7729:. Retrieved 7715: 7704: 7693: 7682: 7671: 7660: 7649: 7638: 7627:. Retrieved 7613: 7602:. Retrieved 7582: 7571:. Retrieved 7557: 7546: 7535:. Retrieved 7515: 7508: 7497:. Retrieved 7477: 7466: 7455:. Retrieved 7441: 7430: 7419: 7408: 7397:. 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New York: 5658: 5655:Zinn, Howard 5650: 5642: 5637: 5612: 5606: 5600: 5581: 5575: 5556: 5550: 5517: 5511: 5505: 5497: 5492: 5483:The Atlantic 5481: 5465: 5457: 5452: 5447:(1999) ch 14 5444: 5436: 5428: 5423: 5415: 5410: 5402: 5397: 5389: 5384: 5376: 5371: 5363: 5358: 5350: 5345: 5337: 5332: 5324: 5319: 5312:Uncoverings, 5311: 5306: 5298: 5293: 5285: 5280: 5272: 5267: 5259: 5254: 5249:(1945), ch 1 5246: 5241: 5233: 5228: 5220: 5216: 5205: 5200: 5192: 5187: 5179: 5174: 5166: 5161: 5153: 5148: 5128: 5121: 5105: 5084: 5077: 5069: 5064: 5056: 5051: 5043: 5038: 5030: 5025: 5003:(1): 63–75. 5000: 4996: 4990: 4982: 4981:Eric Foner, 4977: 4957: 4950: 4942: 4937: 4921: 4915: 4907: 4891: 4886: 4772: 4757: 4734: 4724:initiative." 4722: 4713: 4697: 4674:constitution 4662: 4648:, while the 4627: 4612: 4580:Conservation 4578: 4542: 4531: 4516: 4508:inheritances 4500:public works 4482:middle class 4475: 4464: 4446: 4440: 4438: 4434: 4426:Frank Lowden 4414:Tammany Hall 4398:merit system 4383: 4372: 4344:Philadelphia 4337: 4324: 4321: 4295: 4279:U.S. Cavalry 4267:Pancho Villa 4245: 4241:Orson Welles 4209: 4198: 4178: 4174:Panama Canal 4162: 4120: 4096: 4077:Panama Canal 4073: 4057:George Dewey 4053:Rough Riders 4046: 4035:exploded in 4031: 3979: 3944: 3908: 3873: 3858: 3818: 3799:, the young 3786: 3767: 3759: 3747: 3740: 3709: 3690: 3675:Ku Klux Klan 3668: 3663: 3659: 3655: 3653:" doctrine. 3632: 3630: 3626: 3597:synagogues. 3595:Conservative 3560: 3552: 3517: 3494: 3478: 3474: 3466: 3432:Ellis Island 3393: 3387: 3366:Urbanization 3364: 3344: 3312: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3285: 3274: 3251: 3236:Frank Little 3185: 3153: 3130: 3126: 3122: 3107: 3092: 3084:Philadelphia 3077: 2882:Work-to-rule 2756:Trade unions 2727:Six-hour day 2712:Right to sit 2677:Minimum wage 2627:Child labour 2622:Annual leave 2548:New unionism 2454: 2443: 2407: 2398: 2386: 2380:'s ideas of 2359: 2336: 2321: 2290: 2282: 2278: 2269:Granger Laws 2265:cooperatives 2258: 2250: 2247: 2235: 2231: 2228:farmer, 1873 2188: 2176: 2158: 2139:Great Plains 2127: 2095: 2091: 2082: 2069: 2061:big business 2058: 2030: 2011: 2000: 1965: 1921: 1913: 1855: 1832: 1825: 1782: 1770: 1745: 1743: 1234: 1227: 1208: 1169: 1162: 1148: 1089: 1045: 1038: 991: 977: 972:Social class 970: 963: 924: 898:Marine Corps 885: 878: 871: 835:Debt ceiling 820:Civil rights 802: 795: 781: 767: 753: 724: 712:Civil unrest 710: 705:Antisemitism 703: 696: 678:2008–present 666:2008–present 664: 642: 620: 587: 554: 545:World War II 499: 456: 455: 433: 400: 367: 334: 324:Colonial Era 322: 310: 304: 264: 226: 110:President(s) 15: 16008:World War I 15971:Balkan Wars 15956:Second Boer 15941:Banana Wars 15905:July Crisis 15836:Dreadnought 15821:Weltpolitik 15665:Pan-Slavism 15325:Immigration 15256:LGBT rights 15158:Food safety 14993:Video games 14586:Wall Street 14566:Public debt 14469:Agriculture 14405:nationalism 14117:Uniform act 14039:Legislative 13946:Territorial 13904:Coast Guard 13899:Space Force 13649:Legislative 13444:Red (South) 13434:Mississippi 13356:New England 13292:Appalachian 13262:Earthquakes 13159:Discoveries 13154:Demographic 13096:Vietnam War 13039:World War I 13034:Imperialism 12984:Indian Wars 12959:War of 1812 12695:Puerto Rico 12672:Territories 12516:Mississippi 12436:Connecticut 10962:Wake Island 10728:Mississippi 10643:Connecticut 10587:New England 10254:Agriculture 10173:Coast Guard 10168:Space Force 10016:Immigration 9744:WTC bombing 9662:Reaganomics 9590:Vietnam War 9506:McCarthyism 9388:Second Klan 9373:Prohibition 9351:World War I 9326:Square Deal 9316:Imperialism 9051:War of 1812 8778:Prehistoric 8147:Foner, Eric 8134:Foner, Eric 8117:Foner, Eric 8035:. Oup USA. 8002:Foner, Eric 7424:1900s–1920s 6800:(4): 22–29. 6084:pp. 331–338 5180:Indian Wars 4775:Adamson Act 4549:Hepburn Act 4534:Square Deal 4487:Jane Addams 4392:. The 1883 4390:technocrats 4356:imperialism 4348:Republicans 4155:Banana Wars 4105:. 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13022:1954–1968 13017:1896–1954 13012:1865–1896 12974:Civil War 12815:1991–2008 12810:1980–1991 12805:1964–1980 12800:1945–1964 12795:1917–1945 12790:1865–1917 12785:1849–1865 12780:1815–1849 12775:1789–1815 12770:1776–1789 12763:By period 12641:Wisconsin 12606:Tennessee 12511:Minnesota 12486:Louisiana 10853:Wisconsin 10818:Tennessee 10723:Minnesota 10698:Louisiana 10592:The South 10163:Air Force 10038:Education 9900:recession 9856:Las Vegas 9764:Columbine 9721:1991–2008 9649:1980–1991 9550:1964–1980 9461:1945–1964 9415:Dust Bowl 9343:1917–1945 9224:1865–1917 9202:Civil War 9195:Secession 9140:1849–1865 9063:1815–1849 9034:Quasi-War 9011:1789–1815 8931:1776–1789 8884:Sugar Act 6432:145544412 5542:155082457 5245:Shannon, 4448:Collier's 4442:McClure's 4327:demagogue 4183:" to the 4181:Corollary 4143:Jones Law 4139:elections 3945:With the 3837:in 1914. 3801:Nebraskan 3720:Democrats 3701:inflation 3498:New World 3357:of 1893. 3339:Indianola 3178:The 1911 3103:socialist 3088:Jay Gould 2974:Singapore 2929:Hong Kong 2904:Australia 2657:Equal pay 2578:Communism 2573:Socialism 2418:Jay Gould 2374:telephone 2370:telegraph 2191:Dawes Act 2077:Biblicism 2046:Redeemers 1992:Louisiana 1968:U.S. Army 1835:telegraph 1789:Civil War 1324:The South 908:Air Force 783:Education 659:1991–2008 644:1991–2008 637:1981–1991 622:1980–1991 615:1964–1975 604:1954–1968 589:1964–1980 582:1954–1968 571:1945–1964 556:1945–1964 549:1941–1945 538:1929–1941 527:1918–1929 516:1917–1918 501:1917–1945 494:1896–1917 483:1877–1896 472:1865–1877 457:1865–1917 450:1849–1865 435:1849–1865 428:1825–1849 417:1817–1825 402:1815–1849 395:1801–1817 384:1788–1801 369:1789–1815 362:1783–1788 351:1765–1783 336:1776–1789 329:1607–1765 64:Including 26:1865–1917 15398:Category 15094:Abortion 14958:Religion 14916:Columbia 14874:internet 14810:Holidays 14805:Folklore 14776:literacy 14714:eviction 14604:Aviation 14576:Taxation 14531:Currency 14524:by state 14434:Scandals 14304:Township 14062:Judicial 13963:Governor 13726:Judicial 13612:Marshals 13485:Politics 13439:Missouri 13429:Columbia 13424:Colorado 13419:Arkansas 13412:Longest 13391:Southern 13376:Northern 13220:counties 13174:Military 13164:Economic 13142:By topic 13121:Iraq War 13071:Cold War 12829:By event 12626:Virginia 12576:Oklahoma 12556:New York 12531:Nebraska 12521:Missouri 12506:Michigan 12496:Maryland 12481:Kentucky 12461:Illinois 12441:Delaware 12431:Colorado 12421:Arkansas 11024:Category 10838:Virginia 10788:Oklahoma 10768:New York 10743:Nebraska 10733:Missouri 10718:Michigan 10708:Maryland 10693:Kentucky 10673:Illinois 10648:Delaware 10638:Colorado 10628:Arkansas 10507:Lesbians 10481:Comanche 10476:Cherokee 10269:Medicine 10227:Genocide 10220:Religion 10142:Military 10115:Taxation 10065:Abortion 9981:Cultural 9861:Parkland 9791:Iraq War 9729:Gulf War 9501:Ivy Mike 9420:New Deal 8796:Colonial 8741:Timeline 8623:in JSTOR 8505:citation 8298:in JSTOR 8277:(1921), 8019:(2012). 7980:(2010). 7868:Archived 7840:Archived 7837:in JSTOR 7750:Archived 7748:. 1916. 7725:Archived 7723:. 1914. 7623:Archived 7621:. 1921. 7595:Archived 7567:Archived 7531:Archived 7490:Archived 7451:Archived 7449:. 1924. 7393:Archived 7368:Archived 7343:Archived 7318:Archived 7271:Archived 7235:Archived 7199:Archived 7119:Archived 7093:Archived 7068:Archived 7043:Archived 6996:Archived 6976:29 April 6970:Archived 6950:29 April 6944:Archived 6919:Archived 6894:Archived 6869:Archived 6708:Archived 6683:Archived 6679:25119561 6548:(1990). 6076:, 2005. 6044:Archived 6022:(2014). 5964:, 2005. 5902:, 2005. 5872:, 2005. 5842:, 2005. 5817:40187904 5698:Archived 5675:p. 272: 5667:, 2005. 5474:Archived 5111:Archived 4927:Archived 4782:See also 4422:Illinois 4273:against 4123:Catholic 4012:and the 3732:Southern 3681:Populism 3649:by its " 3643:Jim Crow 3617:lynching 3591:Orthodox 3544:Nazarene 3508:Religion 3315:Mugwumps 3216:Lawrence 2969:Portugal 2909:Barbados 2867:Walkouts 2842:Lockouts 2692:Overwork 2543:Timeline 2489:a series 2486:Part of 2343:industry 2165:militias 2106:The West 2054:lynching 1813:machines 1793:Jim Crow 1775:and the 1696:Category 1247:Lesbians 1221:Comanche 1216:Cherokee 1014:Medicine 965:Religion 887:Military 860:Taxation 810:Abortion 726:Cultural 54:Location 15636:In Asia 15469:Germany 15382:Outline 15330:illegal 15315:Smoking 15178:Obesity 15061:Poverty 14983:Theater 14973:Society 14827:Housing 14788:Fashion 14744:poverty 14689:Cuisine 14661:Culture 14648:Society 14609:Driving 14536:Exports 14514:Tourism 14474:Banking 14452:Economy 14412:Parties 14256:Charter 14220:Sheriff 13667:Speaker 13535:Cabinet 13498:Federal 13406:Western 13371:Eastern 13366:Central 13361:Pacific 13321:Regions 13272:Islands 12755:History 12646:Wyoming 12621:Vermont 12526:Montana 12466:Indiana 12446:Georgia 12416:Arizona 12406:Alabama 10858:Wyoming 10833:Vermont 10738:Montana 10678:Indiana 10658:Georgia 10653:Florida 10623:Arizona 10613:Alabama 10580:Regions 10502:Gay men 10274:Railway 10234:Slavery 10030:Banking 10024:Economy 9866:El Paso 9851:Orlando 9585:Détente 8746:Outline 8660:(2012) 8572:excerpt 8544:(1957), 8405:(1945) 8392:(1919) 8370:(1933) 8237:(1907) 8194:excerpt 8192:(2014) 8140:(1990) 8053:(1929) 7822:(1990). 6838:1955076 6750:1891336 6424:1405280 5629:1889657 5534:2114113 5208:(1945) 5017:2936329 4670:Arizona 4430:Chicago 4192:by the 4109:led by 3824:in the 3778:Midwest 3736:Western 3567:pogroms 3444:Midwest 3408:Germany 3400:Ireland 3131:In the 2934:Ireland 2924:Georgia 2450:1893–97 2446:1873–75 2355:Chinese 2202:Farming 1948:slavery 1926:of the 1874:annexed 1787:in the 1674:Outline 1311:Regions 1242:Gay men 1019:Railway 979:Slavery 775:Banking 769:Economy 39:Chicago 15994:Second 15981:Second 15778:Events 15568:Trends 15484:Russia 15464:France 15403:Portal 15310:Hunger 15261:racism 15202:Issues 15076:Health 14978:Sports 14938:People 14783:Family 14754:wealth 14679:Cinema 14504:Mining 14489:Energy 14234:Cities 14202:County 14136:Tribal 13674:Senate 13518:powers 13414:rivers 13287:ranges 13255:states 13179:Postal 12581:Oregon 12536:Nevada 12476:Kansas 12451:Hawaii 12411:Alaska 12398:States 11034:Portal 10988:Cities 10971:Cities 10793:Oregon 10748:Nevada 10688:Kansas 10663:Hawaii 10618:Alaska 10606:States 10532:Places 10294:Groups 10264:Lumber 10202:Fourth 10192:Second 10002:Sports 9987:Cinema 9956:Topics 9871:Uvalde 9841:Aurora 9836:Tucson 8760:Events 8597:(2003) 8530:(2000) 8494: 8476:(1998) 8469:(2009) 8459:(1980) 8452:(1986) 8441: 8374: 8362:online 8350:(1969) 8335:online 8306:(1970) 8259:online 8239:online 8230:(1997) 8219: 8178:(1927) 8126: 8108:(1918) 8055:online 8039: 7900:(2009) 7865:online 7809:(2009) 7783:(2001) 7523: 6854:(1986) 6836: 6775: 6748: 6677: 6644: 6622:(2007) 6609:(2000) 6596:(1982) 6583:(1978) 6558: 6501: 6470: 6430: 6422: 6385: 6367:(2004) 6354:(2007) 6341:(1967) 6325:(2001) 6312:(2006) 6299:(1931) 6234:(2000) 6195:(1984) 6156:(1927) 6143:(1968) 6126:, ed. 6114:(1969) 6101:(1933) 6080: 6036: 5972:p. 331 5968: 5935: 5910:p. 330 5906: 5880:p. 329 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