3692:
154:
coding specifies a two-layer mapping between character codes and displayed characters. In MARC-8, character codes from the 7-bit ASCII graphic range (0x20–0x7F) are referred to as "G0" codes, while codes from the "high ASCII" range (0xA0–0xFF) are referred to as the "G1" codes. Graphic character sets
58:
initiative expanded the repertoire to include
Japanese, Arabic, Chinese, and Hebrew characters (among others), with the later addition of Cyrillic and Greek scripts. If a character is not representable in MARC-8 of a MARC-21 record, then
671:
from this set, and adds some additional format effectors in locations not used by the ISO version; however, MARC 21 uses this control set only in MARC-8 records, not in
Unicode-format records.
93:
The combining characters and base characters are in a different order than used in
Unicode. The following are some examples. The combining characters are not always stored in reverse order as
42:
library records. The MARC formats are standards for the representation and communication of bibliographic and related information in machine-readable form, and they are frequently used in
1606:
500:
In addition to the ISO-2022 character sets, the following custom sets are available too. The byte designation follows the escape byte (hexadecimal 1B). There is no intermediate byte.
155:
are designated and invoked by means of a multiple byte escape sequence consisting of the escape character, an
Intermediate character sequence, and a Final character in the form ESC
791:(DIN 31626, ISO 6630, MARC 21) Marks the end of a sequence of characters to be ignored for collation purposes. MARC 21 uses this character in MARC-8 records, but uses 0x9C (
3310:
1028:(DIN 31626, ISO 6630) Marks the start of a variable-length annotation which is embedded within a bibliographic field, as opposed to separated using content designation.
743:(DIN 31626, ISO 6630) Declares that two successive character sequences separated by a space or separator should be treated as one word for collation purposes.
2155:
640:. It is mostly concerned with string collation, and with markup of bibliographic fields. Slightly different variants are defined in the German standard
1992:
306:
1402:"Character Sets: MARC-8 Encoding Environment: MARC 21 Specifications for Record Structure, Character Sets, and Exchange Media (Library of Congress)"
3101:
1592:
1541:
2100:
2175:
1689:
1377:"Character Sets: Introduction: MARC 21 Specifications for Record Structure, Character Sets, and Exchange Media (Library of Congress)"
1068:(DIN 31626) Marks the start of a string of specific information of some description, other than a keyword or a permutation string.
3402:
3156:
1574:
1523:
1472:
3392:
273:
The following table shows the final bytes in hexadecimal and the corresponding ASCII characters after the intermediate bytes.
3141:
2095:
165:
The following table shows the intermediate byte after the ESC byte (hexadecimal 1B), and the corresponding ASCII characters.
3275:
1288:(DIN 31626, ISO 6630) Marks the start of a string which is to be permuted to the front of the element when references or
63:
must be used instead. UTF-8 has support for many more characters than MARC-8, which is rarely used outside library data.
3669:
3180:
2983:
1727:
3225:
2841:
2836:
2339:
2170:
1717:
1682:
846:(ISO 6630) Not in the original edition of ISO 6630. In the 1985 edition of ISO 6630, used for Partial Line Down (see
2259:
870:(DIN 31626) Within a bibliographic field, used to refer to data in another bibliographic record by its ID number.
835:(DIN 31626) Within a bibliographic field, used to refer to data in another bibliographic field by its tag number.
3477:
3412:
3166:
3146:
763:(DIN 31626, ISO 6630, MARC 21) Marks the start of a sequence of characters to be ignored for collation purposes.
3230:
1823:
1432:
881:(ISO 6630) Not in original edition of ISO 6630. In the 1985 edition of ISO 6630, used for Partial Line Up (see
678:
extension mechanism, the DIN 31626 set is designated as the active C1 control character set with the sequence
3344:
3315:
2965:
3407:
3295:
3255:
1675:
3649:
3260:
3190:
3176:
3161:
3065:
2978:
2950:
2916:
3623:
3568:
3489:
3270:
2926:
2921:
2274:
3265:
3330:
3285:
3121:
2670:
2374:
2319:
2284:
1332:
1312:(DIN 31626, ISO 6630) Marks the end of a string which is to be permuted to the front of the element.
882:
847:
768:
637:
43:
792:
2845:
2354:
2334:
2329:
2269:
2264:
1773:
312:
205:
191:
17:
3220:
3714:
3695:
3679:
3606:
3601:
3563:
3534:
3499:
2931:
2665:
2364:
2249:
694:). The 1985 expansion of the ISO 6630 set can also be explicitly specified by using the sequence
50:
now known as MARC-8 was introduced in 1968 as part of the MARC format. Originally based on the
3290:
3280:
3136:
3126:
2660:
2369:
1814:
1801:
1737:
1662:
415:
The 21(hex) technically is a second byte of the
Intermediate segment of this escape sequence.
3467:
3305:
3240:
3116:
2655:
1809:
1658:
1401:
1376:
1108:(ISO 6630) Marks the beginning of a sequence of characters used for collation purposes only.
960:
659:. Where these differ is noted in the table below where applicable. MARC-8 uses the coding of
111:
94:
2685:
3628:
3300:
3060:
2680:
1567:
Additional
Control Codes for Bibliographic Use according to International Standard ISO 6630
1516:
Additional
Control Codes for Bibliographic Use according to International Standard ISO 6630
984:
945:
8:
3583:
3210:
2695:
2580:
2570:
2565:
1642:
1440:
1406:
1381:
1350:]" in the ISO-IR-040 document, along with "syllable" being spelled "syllabe [
3664:
3512:
3325:
3320:
3245:
2244:
2218:
1742:
1698:
1289:
1128:(ISO 6630) Marks the end of a sequence of characters used for collation purposes only.
492:
The \x1B\x24\x31 switches to EACC/CJK, and the \x21\x30\x64 corresponds to the U+4EBA.
47:
39:
486:
For example, to encode the U+4EBA CJK character (人) you will need the following bytes
97:. The MARC-21 standard describes the MARC-8 Unicode conversion issues in more detail.
3654:
3593:
3573:
3235:
3215:
3195:
2823:
2299:
2279:
1791:
1586:
1535:
1490:
1465:
Additional
Control Codes for Bibliographic Use according to German Standard DIN 31626
921:
3611:
3185:
3151:
2861:
2690:
1634:
617:
3659:
3578:
2309:
2304:
2294:
2239:
1924:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1248:(DIN 31626, ISO 6630) Marks the start of a keyword within a bibliographic field.
633:
613:
3111:
3106:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3045:
3040:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2856:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2379:
1964:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1712:
1659:
MARC 21 Specifications for Record
Structure, Character Sets, and Exchange Media
1639:
MARC 21 Specifications for Record
Structure, Character Sets, and Exchange Media
1437:
MARC 21 Specifications for Record Structure, Character Sets, and Exchange Media
1268:(DIN 31626, ISO 6630) Marks the end of a keyword within a bibliographic field.
621:
480:
51:
35:
2359:
1048:(DIN 31626, ISO 6630) Marks the end of a variable-length embedded annotation.
3708:
3431:
2851:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2590:
2585:
2575:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2314:
2289:
2254:
2213:
1959:
558:
The alpha, beta, gamma characters normally do not round trip map to Unicode.
75:
encoding. It uses escape characters to represent characters beyond the 7-bit
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3171:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2349:
2344:
2324:
2208:
2200:
1833:
815:(DIN 31626) Substitutes for a mandatory alphanumeric character in a field.
675:
151:
1766:
1749:
1148:(ISO 6630) Marks the start of a string with subordinate collation value.
906:
3616:
3524:
3377:
3055:
2150:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2070:
1954:
1949:
1939:
1934:
1732:
1722:
1168:(ISO 6630) Marks the end of a string with subordinate collation value.
686:), and the ISO 6630 / DIN ISO 6630 set is designated with the sequence
3557:
1667:
1565:
1514:
1463:
3504:
3482:
3387:
3200:
2229:
2160:
2140:
2135:
2060:
2055:
1356:]" in the description. These are presumably typographical errors.
3674:
3529:
3494:
3472:
3382:
3205:
2145:
2130:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2065:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1796:
1786:
1782:
1756:
479:
The EACC is the only multibyte encoding of MARC-8, it encodes each
463:
72:
3544:
3340:
3250:
3131:
2705:
2075:
2050:
2040:
1778:
764:
609:
87:
55:
3549:
3539:
3517:
3397:
3372:
3367:
3050:
2941:
2831:
2190:
2180:
2165:
1578:
1527:
1476:
1292:
are generated. Terminated by PSE or by the end of the element.
1088:(DIN 31626) Marks the end of a string of specific information.
905:(DIN 31626) Marks a syllable boundary in a long word. See also
3644:
3362:
3357:
3352:
2969:
2675:
2185:
2125:
1987:
1761:
1611:
588:
404:
382:
76:
60:
2955:
2045:
1188:(DIN 31626) Identifies a following non-standard character.
594:
572:
553:
535:
469:
447:
429:
410:
388:
366:
348:
330:
198:
184:
83:
1491:"Information processing; bibliographic control characters"
655:, the latter of which has also been adopted in Germany as
3422:
1459:
1352:
1346:
648:
642:
963:, while U+200C is used in Unicode-format MARC records.
924:, while U+200D is used in Unicode-format MARC records.
767:
uses this character in MARC-8 records, but uses 0x98 (
636:
set is defined for bibliographic applications such as
1661:- The official MARC-8 standard as maintained by the
3706:
3624:Unicode control, format and separator characters
647:(published in 1978 and since withdrawn) and the
1559:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1683:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1591:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1548:
1540:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1493:. Beuth: publishing DIN. DIN 31626:1978-12.
1427:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1417:
795:) in Unicode records for the same purpose.
771:) in Unicode records for the same purpose.
243:Alternate ISO-2022 (additional 63+16 sets)
1690:
1676:
1563:
1497:
1454:
1452:
1450:
867:Identification Number in Context Indicator
1620:
1512:
1458:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1414:
983:(DIN 31626) Non-locking shift code, see
944:(DIN 31626) Non-locking shift code, see
1697:
1447:
495:
14:
3707:
1389:
1671:
707:
1185:Indicator for Non-Standard Character
719:
66:
1635:"Code Table Extended Latin (ANSEL)"
627:
604:
82:It generally uses the same logical
24:
3034:Norwegian and Danish (alternative)
959:(MARC 21) In MARC-8, used for the
920:(MARC 21) In MARC-8, used for the
25:
3726:
1652:
1145:Secondary Sorting Value Beginning
713:
620:(0x1E) as a field terminator and
145:
3691:
3690:
1344:Spelled "Syllabication [
1335:in the ISO/IEC 6429 C1 code set.
902:Optional Syllabification Control
624:(0x1F) as a subfield delimiter.
3478:Digital encoding of APL symbols
3413:Comparison of Unicode encodings
1931:Proposed but not approved
1338:
1325:
1105:Sorting Interpolation Beginning
616:(0x1D) as a record terminator,
1599:
1483:
1369:
1333:Operating System Command (OSC)
13:
1:
1363:
1025:Embedded Annotation Beginning
716:
710:
706:
696:0x1B 0x26 0x40 0x1B 0x22 0x42
71:MARC-8 uses a variant of the
1607:"DIN ISO 6630 December 1997"
1285:Permutation String Beginning
1065:Item Specification Beginning
760:Non-Sorting Characters Begin
7:
3650:Character encodings in HTML
2984:National Replacement (NRCS)
2951:Japanese language in EBCDIC
1165:Secondary Sorting Value End
305:Chinese, Japanese, Korean (
10:
3731:
788:Non-Sorting Characters End
632:The following alternative
139: ̂ ̣ a
3688:
3637:
3592:
3460:
3421:
3339:
3074:
2964:
2940:
2822:
2704:
2388:
2227:
2199:
2033:
1975:
1832:
1705:
1125:Sorting Interpolation End
934:
931:
928:
895:
892:
889:
888:
860:
857:
854:
825:
822:
819:
489:\x1B\x24\x31\x21\x30\x64
178:
175:
173:
136:a ̣ ̂
3680:Variable-length encoding
3461:Miscellaneous code pages
2219:Extended Unix Code / EUC
1910:-15 (New Western Europe)
1706:Early telecommunications
1564:ISO/TC 46 (1986-02-01).
1513:ISO/TC 46 (1983-06-01).
1433:"Control function codes"
1318:
832:Tag in Context Indicator
667:
661:
54:, from 1979 to 1983 the
44:library database systems
3607:C0 and C1 control codes
1045:Embedded Annotation End
951:
1855:-3 (Maltese/Esperanto)
1806:World System Teletext
1663:US Library of Congress
1309:Permutation String End
1295:
1271:
1251:
1231:
1171:
1151:
1131:
1111:
1091:
1085:Item Specification End
1071:
1051:
1031:
1011:
966:
927:
912:
873:
853:
838:
818:
798:
774:
746:
726:
483:in three ASCII bytes.
3629:Whitespace characters
3306:Ventura International
1614:Editions Online Store
961:Zero-Width Non-Joiner
95:Unicode normalization
79:range of characters.
3024:Norwegian and Danish
1331:Not the same as the
740:Close-Up for Sorting
496:Custom set extension
3584:Unified Hangul Code
3256:PostScript Standard
2979:Multinational (MCS)
1850:-2 (Central Europe)
1845:-1 (Western Europe)
1699:Character encodings
1643:Library of Congress
1441:Library of Congress
1407:Library of Congress
1382:Library of Congress
700:ESC & @ ESC " B
505:
278:
170:
169:Intermediate Bytes
3665:Hardware code page
3425:typesetting system
3261:PostScript Latin 1
2917:Cyrillic + Finnish
2824:Windows code pages
2706:IBM AIX code pages
2034:National standards
1965:Ukrainian Cyrillic
503:
444:Extended Cyrillic
276:
168:
48:character encoding
3702:
3701:
3655:Charset detection
3594:Control character
3276:Sharp calculators
3147:Casio calculators
3075:Platform specific
2927:Cyrillic + German
2922:Cyrillic + French
2340:Maltese/Esperanto
1976:Bibliographic use
1860:-4 (North Europe)
1792:T.51/ISO/IEC 6937
1750:Baudot and Murray
1316:
1315:
1245:Keyword Beginning
922:Zero-Width Joiner
843:Partial Line Down
602:
601:
550:Greek Symbol set
477:
476:
271:
270:
143:
142:
67:Technical details
27:Metadata standard
16:(Redirected from
3722:
3694:
3693:
3186:DG International
3061:Special Graphics
2862:Extended Latin-8
2260:Central European
2250:Barents Cyrillic
1955:Barents Cyrillic
1925:-12 (Devanagari)
1921:Abandoned parts
1692:
1685:
1678:
1669:
1668:
1647:
1646:
1631:
1618:
1617:
1603:
1597:
1596:
1590:
1582:
1572:
1561:
1546:
1545:
1539:
1531:
1521:
1510:
1495:
1494:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1470:
1456:
1445:
1444:
1429:
1412:
1411:
1398:
1387:
1386:
1373:
1357:
1342:
1336:
1329:
812:Filler Character
705:
704:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
670:
664:
628:C1 control codes
605:C0 control codes
569:Superscript set
506:
502:
403:Extended Latin (
363:Extended Arabic
279:
275:
214:Normal ISO-2022
171:
167:
100:
99:
21:
3730:
3729:
3725:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3720:
3719:
3705:
3704:
3703:
3698:
3684:
3660:Han unification
3633:
3588:
3456:
3417:
3335:
3157:Compucolor 8001
3070:
3066:Technical (TCS)
2989:French Canadian
2960:
2936:
2932:Polytonic Greek
2818:
2700:
2384:
2370:Turkic Cyrillic
2285:Font X (Kermit)
2280:Farsi (Persian)
2232:
2223:
2195:
2029:
1971:
1841:Approved parts
1828:
1701:
1696:
1655:
1650:
1633:
1632:
1621:
1605:
1604:
1600:
1584:
1583:
1570:
1562:
1549:
1533:
1532:
1519:
1511:
1498:
1489:
1488:
1484:
1468:
1457:
1448:
1431:
1430:
1415:
1400:
1399:
1390:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1361:
1360:
1343:
1339:
1330:
1326:
1321:
878:Partial Line Up
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
666:
660:
638:library systems
634:C1 control code
630:
607:
498:
490:
426:Basic Cyrillic
148:
69:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3728:
3718:
3717:
3715:Character sets
3700:
3699:
3696:Character sets
3689:
3686:
3685:
3683:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3641:
3639:
3638:Related topics
3635:
3634:
3632:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3620:
3619:
3614:
3604:
3602:Morse prosigns
3598:
3596:
3590:
3589:
3587:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3554:
3553:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3521:
3520:
3515:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3486:
3485:
3475:
3470:
3464:
3462:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3428:
3426:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3349:
3347:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3296:TI calculators
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3078:
3076:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3037:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3004:United Kingdom
3001:
2996:
2991:
2981:
2975:
2973:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2958:
2953:
2947:
2945:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2839:
2834:
2828:
2826:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2710:
2708:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2392:
2390:
2389:DOS code pages
2386:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2335:Latin (Kermit)
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2236:
2234:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2205:
2203:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1996:
1995:
1990:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1968:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1944:
1943:
1942:
1937:
1935:KOI-8 Cyrillic
1929:
1928:
1927:
1919:
1918:
1917:
1915:-16 (Romanian)
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1838:
1836:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1826:
1821:
1820:
1819:
1818:
1817:
1812:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1776:
1771:
1770:
1769:
1759:
1754:
1753:
1752:
1747:
1746:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1720:
1713:Telegraph code
1709:
1707:
1703:
1702:
1695:
1694:
1687:
1680:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1654:
1653:External links
1651:
1649:
1648:
1619:
1598:
1547:
1496:
1482:
1462:(1979-07-15).
1446:
1413:
1388:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1337:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1294:
1293:
1286:
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1280:
1277:
1274:
1270:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1254:
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1249:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1230:
1229:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1190:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1170:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1150:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1110:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1090:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1050:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1030:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1010:
1009:
1007:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
989:
988:
981:
980:Single-Shift 3
978:
975:
972:
969:
965:
964:
957:
954:
950:
949:
942:
941:Single-Shift 2
939:
936:
933:
930:
926:
925:
918:
915:
911:
910:
903:
900:
897:
894:
891:
887:
886:
879:
876:
872:
871:
868:
865:
862:
859:
856:
852:
851:
844:
841:
837:
836:
833:
830:
827:
824:
821:
817:
816:
813:
810:
807:
804:
801:
797:
796:
789:
786:
783:
780:
777:
773:
772:
761:
758:
755:
752:
749:
745:
744:
741:
738:
735:
732:
729:
725:
724:
721:
718:
715:
712:
709:
688:0x1B 0x22 0x42
680:0x1B 0x22 0x45
629:
626:
606:
603:
600:
599:
597:
592:
585:
582:
578:
577:
575:
570:
567:
564:
560:
559:
556:
551:
548:
545:
541:
540:
538:
533:
532:Subscript set
530:
527:
523:
522:
519:
516:
513:
510:
497:
494:
488:
475:
474:
472:
467:
460:
457:
453:
452:
450:
445:
442:
439:
435:
434:
432:
427:
424:
421:
417:
416:
413:
408:
401:
398:
394:
393:
391:
386:
379:
376:
372:
371:
369:
364:
361:
358:
354:
353:
351:
346:
343:
340:
336:
335:
333:
328:
325:
322:
318:
317:
315:
310:
303:
300:
296:
295:
292:
289:
286:
283:
269:
268:
265:
262:
259:
256:
253:
250:
247:
244:
240:
239:
236:
233:
230:
227:
224:
221:
218:
215:
211:
210:
208:
203:
201:
196:
194:
189:
187:
181:
180:
177:
174:
147:
146:Code structure
144:
141:
140:
137:
134:
130:
129:
126:
123:
119:
118:
115:
107:
68:
65:
52:Latin alphabet
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3727:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3710:
3697:
3687:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3636:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3609:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3599:
3597:
3595:
3591:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3559:
3555:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3537:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3510:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3484:
3481:
3480:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3459:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3420:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3346:
3345:ISO/IEC 10646
3342:
3338:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3162:Compucolor II
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3117:Acorn RISC OS
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3073:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3046:8-bit Turkish
3044:
3042:
3039:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2939:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2847:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2829:
2827:
2825:
2821:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2703:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2387:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2231:
2226:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2214:ISO/IEC 10367
2212:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2198:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2032:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1865:-5 (Cyrillic)
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1831:
1825:
1822:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1751:
1748:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1725:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1693:
1688:
1686:
1681:
1679:
1674:
1673:
1670:
1664:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1645:. 2007-12-05.
1644:
1640:
1636:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1615:
1613:
1608:
1602:
1594:
1588:
1580:
1576:
1569:
1568:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1543:
1537:
1529:
1525:
1518:
1517:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1492:
1486:
1478:
1474:
1467:
1466:
1461:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1443:. 2007-12-04.
1442:
1438:
1434:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1409:
1408:
1403:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1384:
1383:
1378:
1372:
1368:
1355:
1354:
1349:
1348:
1341:
1334:
1328:
1324:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1291:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
990:
986:
982:
979:
976:
973:
970:
967:
962:
958:
955:
952:
947:
943:
940:
937:
923:
919:
916:
913:
908:
904:
901:
898:
884:
880:
877:
874:
869:
866:
863:
849:
845:
842:
839:
834:
831:
828:
814:
811:
808:
805:
802:
799:
794:
790:
787:
784:
781:
778:
775:
770:
766:
762:
759:
756:
753:
750:
747:
742:
739:
736:
733:
730:
727:
722:
703:
677:
674:If using the
672:
669:
663:
658:
654:
650:
646:
644:
639:
635:
625:
623:
619:
615:
611:
598:
596:
593:
590:
587:Basic Latin (
586:
583:
580:
579:
576:
574:
571:
568:
565:
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555:
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542:
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531:
528:
525:
524:
520:
517:
514:
511:
508:
507:
501:
493:
487:
484:
482:
481:CJK character
473:
471:
468:
465:
462:Basic Greek (
461:
458:
455:
454:
451:
449:
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443:
440:
437:
436:
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425:
422:
419:
418:
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399:
396:
395:
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390:
387:
384:
381:Basic Latin (
380:
377:
374:
373:
370:
368:
365:
362:
359:
356:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:Basic Arabic
344:
341:
338:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:Basic Hebrew
326:
323:
320:
319:
316:
314:
311:
308:
304:
301:
298:
297:
293:
290:
287:
284:
281:
280:
274:
266:
263:
260:
257:
254:
251:
248:
245:
242:
241:
237:
234:
231:
228:
225:
222:
219:
216:
213:
212:
209:
207:
204:
202:
200:
197:
195:
193:
190:
188:
186:
183:
182:
172:
166:
163:
161:
158:
153:
138:
135:
132:
131:
127:
124:
121:
120:
116:
114:
113:
108:
106:
102:
101:
98:
96:
91:
89:
85:
80:
78:
74:
64:
62:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
36:MARC standard
34:charset is a
33:
19:
3612:ISO/IEC 6429
3569:Stanford/ITS
3556:
3490:ARIB STD-B24
3271:Sega SC-3000
3172:DEC RADIX 50
2209:ISO/IEC 8859
2201:ISO/IEC 2022
1982:
1946:Adaptations
1905:-14 (Celtic)
1900:-13 (Baltic)
1890:-10 (Nordic)
1885:-9 (Turkish)
1834:ISO/IEC 8859
1638:
1610:
1601:
1566:
1515:
1485:
1464:
1436:
1405:
1380:
1371:
1351:
1345:
1340:
1327:
1226:
1205:
1004:
723:Description
676:ISO/IEC 2022
673:
657:DIN ISO 6630
656:
652:
641:
631:
608:
504:Final Bytes
499:
491:
485:
478:
277:Final Bytes
272:
164:
159:
156:
152:ISO/IEC 2022
149:
128: ́ a
110:
104:
92:
86:ordering as
81:
70:
31:
29:
3331:ZX Spectrum
3286:Sinclair QL
3122:Amstrad CPC
3041:8-bit Greek
2968:terminals (
2681:Iran System
2233:("scripts")
1880:-8 (Hebrew)
1870:-6 (Arabic)
1767:ISO/IEC 646
1265:Keyword End
907:soft hyphen
512:Characters
285:Characters
3617:JIS X 0211
3525:ISO-IR-169
3378:UTF-EBCDIC
2944:code pages
2671:CSX+ Indic
2275:Devanagari
2230:Code pages
2151:LST 1590-4
2121:JIS X 0213
2116:JIS X 0212
2111:JIS X 0208
2106:JIS X 0201
2071:GOST 10859
1993:CCCII/EACC
1895:-11 (Thai)
1875:-7 (Greek)
1810:background
1733:Wabun/Kana
1364:References
1227:(reserved)
1206:(reserved)
1005:(reserved)
956:Non-Joiner
125:a ́
105:Character
103:Displayed
3670:MICR code
3505:IEC-P27-1
3483:ISO-IR-68
3388:DIN 91379
3266:SAM Coupé
3201:GSM 03.38
3191:Galaksija
2686:Kamenický
2666:CSX Indic
2375:Ukrainian
2161:Shift JIS
2141:KS X 1002
2136:KS X 1001
2061:DIN 66003
2056:CNS 11643
1824:Transcode
1802:ITU T.101
1728:Non-Latin
651:standard
3709:Category
3675:Mojibake
3530:ISO 2033
3495:Fieldata
3473:ASMO 449
3383:GB 18030
3343: /
3291:Teletext
3281:Sharp MZ
3211:HP FOCAL
3206:HP Roman
3137:Atari ST
3127:Apple II
2661:CS Indic
2355:Romanian
2330:Keyboard
2310:Gurmukhi
2305:Gujarati
2295:Georgian
2270:Cyrillic
2265:Croatian
2240:Armenian
2146:LST 1564
2131:KPS 9566
2091:GB 18030
2086:GB 12052
2081:GB 12345
2066:ELOT 927
2000:ISO 5426
1960:Estonian
1797:ITU T.61
1787:Teletext
1783:Videotex
1757:Fieldata
1743:Cyrillic
1587:citation
1573:. ITSCJ/
1536:citation
1522:. ITSCJ/
1471:. ITSCJ/
653:ISO 6630
521:Comment
464:ISO 5428
294:Comment
109:Unicode
73:ISO-2022
38:used in
18:ISO 6630
3564:SEASCII
3558:Mojikyō
3545:KOI8-RU
3468:ABICOMP
3341:Unicode
3251:PETSCII
3241:NEC APC
3177:DEC MCS
3132:ATASCII
3029:Swedish
3014:Finnish
2999:Spanish
2691:Mazovia
2656:ABICOMP
2365:Turkish
2320:Iceland
2228:Mac OS
2171:TIS-620
2076:GB 2312
2051:BraSCII
2041:ArmSCII
1779:Teletex
1738:Chinese
1290:indices
765:MARC 21
692:ESC " B
684:ESC " E
610:MARC 21
179:G1 set
176:G0 set
117:MARC-8
88:Unicode
56:JACKPHY
40:MARC-21
3574:Symbol
3550:KOI8-U
3540:KOI8-R
3408:TACE16
3398:CESU-8
3393:BOCU-1
3373:UTF-32
3368:UTF-16
3311:WISCII
3301:TRS-80
3221:SQUOZE
3216:HP RPL
3056:Hebrew
3051:SI 960
3019:French
2942:EBCDIC
2832:CER-GS
2315:Hebrew
2290:Gaelic
2255:Celtic
2245:Arabic
2191:YUSCII
2181:VISCII
2166:SI 960
2156:PASCII
2005:5426-2
1983:MARC-8
1718:Needle
1579:ISO-IR
1528:ISO-IR
1477:ISO-IR
917:Joiner
509:Bytes
397:21 45
282:Bytes
264:24 2D
252:24 2C
235:24 29
46:. The
32:MARC-8
3645:CCSID
3518:8-bit
3513:7-bit
3509:INIS
3363:UTF-8
3358:UTF-7
3353:UTF-1
3231:LMBCS
3167:CP/M+
3009:Dutch
2994:Swiss
2676:CWI-2
2380:VT100
2350:Roman
2345:Ogham
2325:Inuit
2300:Greek
2186:VSCII
2176:TSCII
2126:KOI-7
2101:ISCII
2096:HKSCS
1988:ANSEL
1950:Welsh
1774:BCDIC
1762:ASCII
1723:Morse
1612:AFNOR
1581:-124.
1571:(PDF)
1520:(PDF)
1469:(PDF)
1319:Notes
645:31626
612:uses
589:ASCII
518:Type
515:Name
405:ANSEL
383:ASCII
291:Type
288:Name
77:ASCII
61:UTF-8
3579:TRON
3432:Cork
3403:SCSU
3326:ZX81
3321:ZX80
3316:XCCS
3246:NeXT
3226:LICS
3181:NRCS
3142:BICS
3112:1058
3107:1057
3102:1056
3097:1055
3092:1054
3087:1053
3082:1052
2956:DKOI
2912:1270
2907:1258
2902:1257
2897:1256
2892:1255
2887:1254
2882:1253
2877:1252
2872:1251
2867:1250
2857:1169
2814:1133
2809:1124
2804:1046
2799:1019
2794:1018
2789:1017
2784:1016
2779:1015
2774:1014
2769:1013
2764:1012
2759:1010
2754:1009
2749:1008
2744:1006
2651:3846
2646:1127
2641:1118
2636:1117
2631:1116
2626:1115
2621:1098
2616:1044
2611:1043
2606:1042
2601:1040
2596:1034
2360:Sámi
2046:Big5
2025:6862
2020:6438
2015:5428
2010:5427
1940:Sámi
1815:sets
1781:and
1593:link
1575:IPSJ
1542:link
1530:-67.
1524:IPSJ
1479:-40.
1473:IPSJ
953:ZWNJ
720:Name
717:Acro
708:Esc+
665:and
595:SBCS
573:SBCS
554:SBCS
536:SBCS
470:SBCS
448:SBCS
430:SBCS
411:SBCS
389:SBCS
367:SBCS
349:SBCS
331:SBCS
313:MBCS
307:EACC
267:$ -
255:$ ,
238:$ )
206:MBCS
199:SBCS
192:MBCS
185:SBCS
150:The
84:BiDi
30:The
3535:KOI
3452:OT1
3447:OMS
3442:OML
3437:LY1
3423:TeX
3236:MSX
3196:GEM
3152:CDC
2970:VTx
2966:DEC
2852:950
2846:GBK
2842:936
2837:932
2739:922
2734:921
2729:915
2724:912
2719:896
2714:895
2696:MIK
2591:951
2586:950
2581:949
2576:942
2571:936
2566:932
2561:904
2556:903
2551:899
2546:897
2541:869
2536:868
2531:867
2526:866
2521:865
2516:864
2511:863
2506:862
2501:861
2496:860
2491:859
2486:858
2481:857
2476:856
2471:855
2466:853
2461:852
2456:851
2451:850
2446:778
2441:777
2436:776
2431:775
2426:773
2421:770
2416:737
2411:720
2406:708
2401:668
2396:437
1460:DIN
1353:sic
1347:sic
1306:PSE
1300:159
1282:PSB
1276:158
1262:KWE
1256:157
1242:KWB
1236:156
1217:155
1196:154
1182:INC
1176:153
1162:SSE
1156:152
1142:SSB
1136:151
1122:SIE
1116:150
1102:SIB
1096:149
1082:ISE
1076:148
1062:ISB
1056:147
1042:EAE
1036:146
1022:EAB
1016:145
995:144
985:SS3
977:SS3
971:143
946:SS2
938:SS2
932:142
914:ZWJ
899:OSC
893:141
885:).
883:PLU
875:PLU
864:ICI
858:140
850:).
848:PLD
840:PLD
829:TCI
823:139
809:FIL
803:138
785:NSE
779:137
769:SOS
757:NSB
751:136
737:CUS
731:135
714:Hex
711:Dec
702:).
668:NSE
662:NSB
649:ISO
643:DIN
581:73
563:70
544:67
526:62
456:53
438:51
420:4E
400:!E
375:42
357:34
339:33
321:32
299:31
258:2D
246:2C
229:29
226:$
223:24
217:28
112:NFD
3711::
3500:HZ
1641:.
1637:.
1622:^
1609:.
1589:}}
1585:{{
1577:.
1550:^
1538:}}
1534:{{
1526:.
1499:^
1475:.
1449:^
1439:.
1435:.
1416:^
1404:.
1391:^
1379:.
1303:9F
1279:9E
1259:9D
1239:9C
1220:9B
1199:9A
1179:99
1159:98
1139:97
1119:96
1099:95
1079:94
1059:93
1039:92
1019:91
998:90
987:.
974:8F
948:.
935:8E
909:.
896:8D
861:8C
826:8B
806:8A
793:ST
782:89
754:88
734:87
622:US
618:RS
614:GS
591:)
584:s
566:p
547:g
529:b
466:)
459:S
441:Q
423:N
407:)
385:)
378:B
360:4
342:3
324:2
309:)
302:1
261:-
249:,
232:)
220:(
162:.
133:ậ
122:á
90:.
3179:/
2972:)
2848:)
2844:(
1785:/
1691:e
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1616:.
1595:)
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1410:.
1385:.
1297:_
1273:^
1253:]
1233:\
1223:-
1214:[
1202:-
1193:Z
1173:Y
1153:X
1133:W
1113:V
1093:U
1073:T
1053:S
1033:R
1013:Q
1001:-
992:P
968:O
929:N
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855:L
820:K
800:J
776:I
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728:G
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