20:
2878:
2866:
2888:
65:
Invisible labor has a toll on the mental, physical, and psychological well-being of those who perform it, and it reflects ongoing power dynamics and gender imbalances between those whose work 'counts' and those whose work remains 'unseen.' Invisible labor also falls disproportionately on marginalized
42:
concept applying to work that is unseen, unvalued or undervalued, and often discounted as not important, despite its essential role in supporting the functioning of workplaces, families, teams, and organizations. The term was coined by Arlene Kaplan
Daniels in the 1980s.
69:
Strategies for addressing invisible labor include acknowledgement and increasing visibility, distributing tasks more equally, implementing policies that recognize or reduce such work, challenging disparate gender and racial roles, and assigning economic value to
58:, and women in the household, who bear most of the invisible labor in terms of cleaning, planning, and organizing. Even when women are equally employed, they still are responsible for the majority of invisible labor, including
1263:
809:
77:
The concept continues to influence public discourse through books and movies. Technology has not reduced invisible labor, despite expectations or promises that it would.
1219:
389:
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1038:
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591:
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1300:
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1829:
1290:
641:
2400:
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2001:
920:
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308:
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groups as a factor of race or other identity characteristics, to the point it has been referred to as "cultural taxation."
2815:
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1947:
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731:"The Burden of Invisible Work in Academia: Social Inequalities and Time Use in Five University Departments"
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1203:
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432:"Invisible Household Labor and Ramifications for Adjustment: Mothers as Captains of Households"
2845:
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2515:
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2319:
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1889:
1849:
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859:"Gender equality and inclusive growth: Economic policies to achieve sustainable development"
488:
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2250:
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1981:
1834:
1550:
1498:
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552:
191:
489:""Just Let it Pass by and it Will Fall on Some Woman": Invisible Work in the Labor Market"
8:
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1986:
1812:
1649:
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1213:
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962:
810:"Reducing and Redistributing Unpaid Work: Stronger Policies to Support Gender Equality"
527:
464:
111:
91:
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835:"Breaking Gender Stereotypes: Encouraging Participation in Non-Traditional Roles"
146:
121:
86:
59:
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2127:
1976:
1786:
1737:
1587:
1471:
889:
303:. Global epistemics. Lanham Boulder New York London: Rowman & Littlefield.
504:
447:
2906:
2061:
2021:
2016:
1926:
1720:
1592:
1400:
1015:
746:
716:
693:"Invisible labor and the associate professor: Identity and workload inequity"
692:
576:
568:
512:
455:
413:
349:
285:
262:"Invisible labor and the associate professor: Identity and workload inequity"
261:
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131:
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31:
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2011:
2006:
1966:
1916:
1681:
1659:
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1513:
1439:
1405:
473:
35:
1508:
1417:
786:"What 'Invisible Work' Looks Like in the 21st Century | Psychology Today"
116:
101:
71:
730:
2163:
1921:
708:
277:
141:
363:
Crain, Marion G.; Poster, Winifred
Rebecca; Cherry, Miriam A. (2016).
192:"Mechanisms of invisibility: rethinking the concept of invisible work"
2158:
1752:
1071:
981:
931:
126:
96:
55:
47:
2203:
1996:
1864:
1607:
1137:
1088:
246:
39:
23:
Invisible labor is most often done by women and racial minorities.
1370:
1076:
691:
Gordon, Hava Rachel; Willink, Kate; Hunter, Keeley (June 2024).
260:
Gordon, Hava Rachel; Willink, Kate; Hunter, Keeley (June 2024).
528:"Invisible labor is real, and it hurts: What you need to know"
1064:
913:
After work: a history of the home and the fight for free time
885:"'Fair Play' Review: Casting a Floodlight on Invisible Labor"
592:"Invisible labor can negatively impact well-being in mothers"
1106:
390:"The Secretary: Invisible Labor in the Workworld of Women"
299:
Bangham, Jenny; Chacko, Xan; Kaplan, Judith, eds. (2022).
365:
Invisible labor: hidden work in the contemporary world
1220:
Timeline of women's legal rights (other than voting)
367:. Oakland (Calif.): University of California press.
690:
430:Ciciolla, Lucia; Luthar, Suniya S. (October 2019).
298:
259:
362:
2904:
326:"The Invisible Labor and Ethics of Interpreting"
1039:Women migrant workers from developing countries
429:
1122:
947:
910:
617:"How to End the Unfairness of Invisible Work"
323:
553:"The Cognitive Dimension of Household Labor"
324:Kunreuther, Laura; Rao, Sonya (2023-10-23).
1885:African-American women's suffrage movement
1129:
1115:
954:
940:
882:
463:
387:
1830:Discrimination against transgender women
697:Journal of Diversity in Higher Education
642:"5 Things to Know About Invisible Labor"
550:
266:Journal of Diversity in Higher Education
229:Daniels, Arlene Kaplan (December 1987).
164:
18:
228:
2905:
961:
614:
486:
189:
165:Anderson, Emily Hodgson (2022-04-16).
2179:Post-structuralist discourse analysis
1445:Gender-critical or trans-exclusionary
1110:
935:
911:Hester, Helen; Srnicek, Nick (2023).
759:
589:
525:
735:Humboldt Journal of Social Relations
665:
425:
423:
342:10.1146/annurev-anthro-052721-091752
883:Winkelman, Natalia (July 7, 2022).
406:10.17730/humo.53.1.a1205g53j7334631
13:
832:
639:
301:Invisible labour in modern science
167:"Invisible Labor, Invisible Hands"
14:
2939:
915:. London ; New York: Verso.
551:Daminger, Allison (August 2019).
420:
2886:
2877:
2876:
2864:
2424:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1840:Diversity, equity, and inclusion
904:
876:
851:
826:
802:
778:
753:
723:
684:
659:
633:
615:Kalita, S. Mitra (2023-09-26).
608:
583:
544:
519:
480:
487:Kaplan, Amit (December 2022).
388:Wichroski, Mary (March 1994).
381:
356:
317:
292:
253:
222:
183:
158:
1:
526:Piñon, Natasha (2020-09-11).
330:Annual Review of Anthropology
152:
46:The term has been applied to
2786:Suffragists and suffragettes
1136:
557:American Sociological Review
196:Work, Employment and Society
50:, scientists, interpreters,
7:
760:Brahm, Nikki (2023-04-18).
190:Hatton, Erin (April 2017).
171:Los Angeles Review of Books
80:
16:Unseen and undervalued work
10:
2944:
2858:
2798:
2737:
2730:
2409:
2114:
1860:Female genital mutilation
1798:
1731:
1628:
1348:
1337:
1264:Majority-Muslim countries
1229:
1196:
1153:
1144:
1052:
1034:Feminization of migration
1026:
969:
505:10.1177/08912432221128544
448:10.1007/s11199-018-1001-x
2833:Women's studies journals
2791:Women's rights activists
1340:Movements and ideologies
569:10.1177/0003122419859007
208:10.1177/0950017016674894
2918:Sociology of the family
2376:International relations
863:UN Women – Headquarters
790:www.psychologytoday.com
2806:Conservative feminisms
2104:Women in the workforce
2072:Violence against women
2047:Sexual objectification
2007:Opposition to feminism
1204:Bicycling and feminism
766:Insight Into Diversity
590:D’Ardenne, Kimberlee.
24:
2846:Women in peacekeeping
2386:Revisionist mythology
1823:Children's literature
22:
2288:Pathways perspective
2133:Gender mainstreaming
2052:Substantive equality
2032:Reproductive justice
1982:Matriarchal religion
1835:Diversity (politics)
839:www.inclusionhub.com
493:Gender & Society
2871:Feminism portal
2751:Ecofeminist authors
2601:Trinidad and Tobago
2541:Republic of Ireland
2401:Composition studies
2082:Women's empowerment
2037:Sex workers' rights
1962:Feminist capitalism
1942:Internalized sexism
1875:Feminism in culture
1753:Kurdish (Jineology)
666:Flaherty, Colleen.
2923:Feminist economics
2246:Literary criticism
2123:Complementarianism
1845:Effects on society
1813:Complementarianism
1620:Women's liberation
1011:Reproductive labor
963:Reproductive labor
709:10.1037/dhe0000414
394:Human Organization
278:10.1037/dhe0000414
112:Feminist economics
92:Reproductive labor
25:
2900:
2899:
2854:
2853:
2263:Political ecology
2169:Écriture féminine
2067:Triple oppression
2057:Toxic masculinity
2042:Sexual harassment
1902:Feminist stripper
1880:Feminist movement
1794:
1793:
1732:Ethnic and racial
1333:
1332:
1104:
1103:
1044:Global care chain
922:978-1-78663-309-5
833:Howard, Jeffrey.
762:"Invisible Labor"
741:: 228–245. 2017.
374:978-0-520-28640-5
310:978-1-5381-5995-8
137:Standpoint theory
2935:
2890:
2889:
2880:
2879:
2869:
2868:
2867:
2735:
2734:
2718:History of women
2194:Political theory
2094:
2087:Women-only space
1972:Likeability trap
1937:Invisible labour
1855:Female education
1346:
1345:
1341:
1301:African-American
1231:Women's suffrage
1222:
1209:Feminist history
1151:
1150:
1131:
1124:
1117:
1108:
1107:
1053:Industry sectors
956:
949:
942:
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727:
721:
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688:
682:
681:
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678:
672:Inside Higher Ed
663:
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484:
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477:
467:
442:(7–8): 467–486.
427:
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321:
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296:
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250:
231:"Invisible Work"
226:
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162:
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2901:
2896:
2887:
2865:
2863:
2850:
2794:
2726:
2725:
2724:
2633:Northern Cyprus
2405:
2396:Science fiction
2189:Oedipus complex
2149:Women's studies
2110:
2109:
2108:
2092:
2002:Oedipus complex
1992:Men in feminism
1957:Language reform
1932:Ideal womanhood
1912:Gender equality
1907:Formal equality
1870:Feminationalism
1808:Cognitive labor
1790:
1758:Native American
1727:
1726:
1725:
1624:
1534:Post-structural
1339:
1329:
1225:
1218:
1214:Women's history
1192:
1140:
1135:
1105:
1100:
1060:Domestic worker
1048:
1027:Global patterns
1022:
1006:Invisible labor
999:Affective labor
994:Emotional labor
989:Cognitive labor
965:
960:
930:
923:
909:
905:
895:
893:
881:
877:
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866:
857:
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724:
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322:
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311:
297:
293:
258:
254:
235:Social Problems
227:
223:
188:
184:
175:
173:
163:
159:
155:
147:Emotional labor
122:Academic tenure
87:Cognitive labor
83:
60:cognitive labor
28:Invisible labor
17:
12:
11:
5:
2941:
2931:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2898:
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2894:
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2843:
2839:SCUM Manifesto
2835:
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2800:
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2708:United Kingdom
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2381:Existentialism
2378:
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2366:
2356:
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2344:
2339:
2337:Existentialism
2334:
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2330:Justice ethics
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2171:
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2156:
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2140:
2135:
2130:
2128:Gender studies
2125:
2120:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2106:
2101:
2099:Women's rights
2096:
2093:Women's health
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1977:Male privilege
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1946:International
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
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1303:
1298:
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1286:
1279:United Kingdom
1276:
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1101:
1099:
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1096:
1086:
1085:
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890:New York Times
875:
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703:(3): 285–296.
683:
668:"Undue Burden"
658:
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563:(4): 609–633.
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499:(6): 838–868.
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336:(1): 239–256.
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272:(3): 285–296.
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247:10.2307/800538
241:(5): 403–415.
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2022:Purplewashing
2020:
2018:
2017:Protofeminism
2015:
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1366:Anti-abortion
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1016:Double burden
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640:Rodsky, Eve.
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107:Double burden
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32:philosophical
29:
21:
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2837:
2781:Rhetoricians
2771:Philosophers
2663:Saudi Arabia
2459:South Africa
2320:Epistemology
2273:Anthropology
2268:Architecture
2231:Legal theory
2138:Gynocentrism
2077:War on women
2012:Pro-feminism
1967:Gender-blind
1917:Gender quota
1890:Art movement
1682:Dianic Wicca
1561:Sex-positive
1524:Postcolonial
1391:Conservative
1371:Anti-fascist
1005:
977:Women's work
912:
906:
894:. Retrieved
888:
878:
867:. Retrieved
865:. 2022-07-28
862:
853:
842:. Retrieved
838:
828:
817:. Retrieved
813:
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793:. Retrieved
789:
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769:. Retrieved
765:
755:
738:
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700:
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686:
675:. Retrieved
671:
661:
650:. Retrieved
645:
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624:. Retrieved
620:
610:
599:. Retrieved
595:
585:
560:
556:
546:
535:. Retrieved
531:
521:
496:
492:
482:
439:
435:
400:(1): 33–41.
397:
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294:
269:
265:
255:
238:
234:
224:
199:
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185:
174:. Retrieved
170:
160:
76:
72:unpaid labor
68:
64:
45:
36:sociological
27:
26:
2821:Comic books
2746:Art critics
2668:South Korea
2648:Philippines
2628:New Zealand
2623:Netherlands
2354:Pornography
2342:Metaphysics
2283:Criminology
2278:Archaeology
2251:Film theory
1952:Women's Day
1692:Ecofeminist
1551:Reactionary
1499:Materialist
1274:Switzerland
1269:New Zealand
1188:Fourth-wave
1171:Second-wave
648:(Interview)
117:Gender role
102:Shadow work
56:secretaries
2907:Categories
2811:Literature
2756:Economists
2476:Bangladesh
2410:By country
2359:Psychology
2315:Empiricism
2310:Aesthetics
2305:Philosophy
2164:Patriarchy
2144:Matriarchy
1948:Girl's Day
1922:Girl power
1895:In hip hop
1818:Literature
1748:Indigenous
1687:Reclaiming
1583:Standpoint
1556:Separatism
1529:Postmodern
1423:Vegetarian
1413:Difference
1356:Analytical
1183:Third-wave
1166:First-wave
869:2024-09-21
844:2024-09-21
819:2024-09-21
795:2024-09-21
771:2024-09-21
677:2024-09-21
652:2024-09-20
626:2024-09-20
601:2024-09-20
537:2024-09-20
176:2024-09-20
153:References
142:Care drain
52:wait staff
2566:Argentina
2526:Indonesia
2516:Hong Kong
2471:Australia
2371:Seriality
2295:Geography
2221:Sociology
2174:Economics
2159:Kyriarchy
1650:Christian
1630:Religious
1571:Socialist
1361:Anarchist
1306:States of
1244:Australia
1072:Housewife
982:Care work
747:0160-4341
717:1938-8934
577:0003-1224
513:0891-2432
456:0360-0025
436:Sex Roles
414:0018-7259
350:0084-6570
286:1938-8934
216:0950-0170
127:Precariat
97:Care work
48:academics
2928:Academia
2882:Category
2816:American
2688:Thailand
2643:Pakistan
2613:Malaysia
2596:Paraguay
2586:Honduras
2434:Ethiopia
2300:Pedagogy
2226:Rhetoric
2216:Sexology
2209:Womanist
2204:Thealogy
2199:Theology
1997:Misogyny
1865:Femicide
1850:Equality
1799:Concepts
1714:Orthodox
1677:Neopagan
1665:Womanist
1645:Buddhist
1613:Africana
1608:Womanism
1504:Maternal
1494:Lipstick
1460:Activism
1430:Equality
1396:Cultural
1381:Carceral
1316:Virginia
1296:Timeline
1239:Timeline
1176:timeline
1161:Timeline
1138:Feminism
1089:Sex work
596:ASU News
532:Mashable
474:34177072
81:See also
40:economic
2828:Parties
2703:Ukraine
2698:Vietnam
2608:Lebanon
2506:Germany
2496:Finland
2491:Denmark
2466:Albania
2454:Senegal
2449:Nigeria
2364:Therapy
2347:Science
2258:Biology
1775:Mizrahi
1743:Chicana
1704:Islamic
1640:Atheist
1576:Marxist
1546:Radical
1482:Liberal
1477:Lesbian
1455:Hip hop
1435:Eugenic
1376:Atheist
1349:General
1321:Wyoming
1154:General
1146:History
1094:migrant
1077:Nursing
465:8223758
2842:(1967)
2766:Muslim
2761:Jewish
2739:People
2693:Turkey
2683:Taiwan
2673:Sweden
2658:Russia
2653:Poland
2638:Norway
2591:Mexico
2571:Brazil
2546:Israel
2511:Greece
2501:France
2481:Canada
2419:Africa
2325:Ethics
2184:Method
2116:Theory
2027:Racism
1782:Romani
1770:Jewish
1709:Jewish
1655:Mormon
1603:Victim
1566:Social
1539:French
1487:Equity
1450:Global
1386:Choice
1259:Kuwait
1249:Canada
1197:Social
919:
745:
715:
575:
511:
472:
462:
454:
412:
371:
348:
307:
284:
214:
38:, and
2913:Labor
2892:Index
2799:Other
2776:Poets
2731:Lists
2678:Syria
2618:Nepal
2581:Haiti
2576:Chile
2556:Japan
2551:Italy
2521:India
2486:China
2439:Ghana
2429:Egypt
1987:Media
1787:White
1738:Black
1699:Hindu
1670:Asian
1593:Trans
1588:State
1519:Post-
1472:Labor
1401:Cyber
1284:Wales
1254:Japan
1082:women
1065:Nanny
646:Optum
30:is a
2536:Iraq
2531:Iran
2444:Mali
1950:and
1763:Sámi
1721:Sikh
1509:Neo-
1311:Utah
917:ISBN
898:2024
743:ISSN
713:ISSN
621:Time
573:ISSN
509:ISSN
470:PMID
452:ISSN
410:ISSN
369:ISBN
346:ISSN
305:ISBN
282:ISSN
212:ISSN
2236:Art
1660:New
1514:New
1440:Fat
1418:Eco
1406:HCI
814:IMF
705:doi
565:doi
501:doi
460:PMC
444:doi
402:doi
338:doi
274:doi
243:doi
204:doi
74:.
62:.
2909::
887:.
861:.
837:.
812:.
788:.
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699:.
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594:.
571:.
561:84
559:.
555:.
530:.
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495:.
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440:81
438:.
434:.
422:^
408:.
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237:.
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169:.
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774:.
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404::
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340::
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179:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
