1315:
depocenter, up to 60 m in thickness, has been deposited seaward in the Gulf of
Martaban, extending to ~130 m water depth into the Martaban Depression. Further, 2) There is no evidence showing that modern sediment has accumulated or is transported into the Martaban Canyon; 3) There is a mud drape/blanket wrapping around the narrow western Myanmar Shelf in the eastern Bay of Bengal. The thickness of the mud deposit is up to 20 m nearshore and gradually thins to the slope at −300 m water depth, and likely escapes into the deep Andaman Trench; 4) The estimated total amount of Holocene sediments deposited offshore is ~1290 × 10 tons. If we assume this has mainly accumulated since the middle Holocene highstand (~6000 yr BP) like other major deltas, the historical annual mean depositional flux on the shelf would be 215 Mt/yr, which is equivalent to ~35% of the modern Ayeyarwady-Thanlwin rivers derived sediments; 5) Unlike other large river systems in Asia, such as the Yangtze and Mekong, this study indicates a bi-directional transport and depositional pattern controlled by the local currents that are influenced by tides, and seasonally varying monsoons winds and waves.
2636:
2482:
2342:
1324:
2326:
2564:
1336:
35:
2624:
2494:
2534:
2612:
2576:
2522:
2588:
1852:
2549:
2600:
800:
2510:
2236:
2658:
47:
1872:
1522:
1663:
plain to the east of the delta was described in
November 1877 as covering 300 square kilometres (100 sq mi) and containing millions of birds. Immense colonies still bred in the area in 1910, but the birds had disappeared completely by 1939. Small numbers were regularly reported in the delta
1922:
to Bhamo (1,080 kilometres (670 mi)) throughout the year, but from Bhamo to
Myitkyina (200 km) for only seven months. More than 3,200 kilometres (2,000 mi) of navigable waterways exist in the Irrawaddy delta, and there is a system of connecting canals. The Sittang is usable by smaller
1314:
Collectively, the modern
Ayeyarwady (Irrawaddy) and Thanlwin (Salween) rivers deliver >600 Mt/yr of sediment to the sea. Most recent study shows: 1) There is little modern sediment accumulating on the shelf immediately off the Ayeyarwady River mouths. In contrast, a major mud wedge with a distal
1898:
Today, the
Irrawaddy is still the country's most important commercial waterway. Despite Mandalay's position as the chief rail and highway focus in northern Myanmar, a considerable amount of passenger and goods traffic moves by river. As the Irrawaddy Delta is one of the world's major rice-growing
1468:, which surrounds dry forest patches in drier areas. The central basin receives little rain (ave 650mm per year) although it does flood quickly during the July–October storms. The one meteorological factor which does not vary greatly, and which is the most important for plant life, is atmospheric
1264:
near the head of the delta is between a high of 32,600 cubic metres (1,150,000 cu ft) and a low of 2,300 cubic metres (81,000 cu ft) per second. The discharge can be as high as 40,393 cubic meter per second in the rainy season. Over a year, the discharge averages 15,112 cubic
1239:
carried downstream by the river. As a result of heavy rainfall varying from 2,000 to 3,000 millimetres (79–118 in) a year in the delta, and the motion and sediment load of the river, the delta surface extends into the
Andaman Sea at a rate of about 50 metres (160 ft) per year.
1742:) can be found in the southern part of the delta. The species was formerly abundant in coastal regions, but population numbers have decreased because of a combination of commercial skin hunting, habitat loss, drowning in fishing nets and over-collection of living animals to supply
1456:
The
Irrawaddy river basin covers an approximate area of 255 81 km (31 sq mi). The Central Basin consists of the valley of the middle Irrawaddy and lower Chindwin. It lies within the 'dry zone' and consists almost entirely of plains covered with the
1472:. This is always high, except in the winter in certain localities. Humidity usually does not fall below 75% and is 90% or more for long periods during summer. Another feature is the prevalent southerly summer winds which erode the soil of the basin.
1283:, a range of 9.66 to 11.37 metres (31.7–37.3 ft) has been measured between low-water level and flood level respectively. Because of the monsoonal character of the rain, the highest point is recorded in August, the lowest in February.
2131:
is project manager of the
Confluence Region Hydropower Projects. ParConfluence Region Hydropower Projects, several companies have been or are currently involved in the preparation, construction and financing of the 3,600 MW Myitsone Dam.
1703:) were once widespread throughout the country with numbers as high as 10,000 animals, but in the last decade numbers have dwindled, partly due to transferring the animals to logging camps. Other species reported to be present include the
4539:
2171:
Other consequences of the inundation include loss of farmland, loss of spawning habitat as fish can not swim upstream anymore. The Kachin
Development Networking Group, a network of civil society groups and development organisations in
2176:
warn this will lead to a loss of income for fishermen. They report locals are also worried about the flooding of cultural sites in the flood zone. As with other large dam projects, the
Myitsone Dam construction will alter the
2167:
concerns. According to the Irrawaddy Myitsone Dam Multipurpose Water Utilizing Project study, the maximum water level of the reservoir will be 290 metres. This makes for a flood zone of 766 km, compromising 47 villages.
3152:
1286:
This variation in water level makes it necessary for ports along the river to have separate landing ports for low- and high-water. Still, low water levels have caused problems for ports along the river, as in the
1439:
are found at elevations above 900 metres (3,000 ft). This evergreen forest passes into sub-tropical pine forest at about 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) feet. Above 1,800 metres (5,900 ft), are forests of
3180:. Studies on Floradiversity of North-eastern Kachin Myanmar Section of Sino-himalaya (N'mai Hka-Than Lwin Water Division) – Ma Kalayar Lu, Myitkyina University, faculty of Botanics, 28-8-06. retrieved 6-12-2008.
2136:
Company has a key position, amidst Burmese Suntac Technologies and state-run Myanmar Electrical Power Enterprise, a state-owned utility enterprise responsible for power generation, transmission and distribution
2635:
1347:
No complete and precise list of all the fish in the Irrawaddy river basin currently exists, but in 1996 it was estimated that there are about 200 species. In 2008, it was estimated that the Irrawaddy
4140:
1903:
logs – Myanmar is one of the world's top exporters – are floated down the river as large rafts. Before it is transported, teak has to be seasoned, because otherwise it won't float. This happens by
1419:
and the Irrawaddy confluence, lies entirely outside the tropics. Rain falls at all seasons of the year, but mostly in the summer. The valleys and lower hill ranges are covered with tropical and
4534:
2365:
and was rebuilt in 1954 after Burmese independence and was the only bridge to span the Irrawaddy until recent times when a spate of bridge construction has been carried out by the government.
2227:
earthquake that struck near the Myanmar-China border on 20 August 2008, prompted Naw Lar, the coordinator of the KDNG dam research project, to ask the junta to reconsider its dam projects.
3211:
1396:
species of oceanic dolphin with a high and rounded forehead, lacking a beak. It is found in discontinuous sub-populations near sea coasts and in estuaries and rivers in parts of the
4731:
3358:
1127:
rocks of the second defile. This defile is about 90 metres (300 ft) wide at its narrowest and is flanked by vertical cliffs about 60 to 90 metres (200–300 ft) high.
3313:
1235:
from silting up, and dredging is necessary. The relief of the delta's landscape is low but not flat. The soils consist of fine silt, which is replenished continuously by fertile
1185:, and that its present westward course is geologically recent. Below its confluence with the Chindwin, the Irrawaddy continues to meander through the petroleum producing city of
1177:, after which it continues in a southwestern direction. It is probable that the upper Irrawaddy originally flowed south from Mandalay, discharging its water through the present
2873:
3950:
2112:
The power generated by the dams will be transmitted to other countries in the South-East Asian region, with most going to China. Other countries targeted for power export are
4581:
4080:(1972), Alfred W. McCoy with Cathleen B. Read and Leonard P. Adams II. Chapter 3 "The Colonial Legacy", paragraph "Burma: Sahibs in the Shan States. Retrieved 2 August 2009.
2432:
1994:
in Kachin State. The total planned output of all seven plants will be 15,160 MWs of electricity, making it the largest hydropower project in Myanmar, surpassing the 7100 MW
4412:
4380:
2563:
2481:
3468:
4741:
On Thinner Ice 如履薄冰: signs of trouble from the Water Tower of Asia, where headwaters feed into all the great rivers of Asia (by GRIP, Asia Society and MediaStorm)
4778:
2361:
built by the British colonial government in 1934, the only way across the Irrawaddy was by ferry. The bridge was destroyed by the retreating British Army during
1227:(Bassein) River, while the easternmost stream is the Yangon River, on the left bank of which stands Myanmar's former capital city, Yangon (Rangoon). Because the
1092:, about 240 kilometres (150 mi) south of the Mali and N'mai river confluence, is the northernmost city reachable by boat all year round although during the
4514:
2369:
3508:
1664:
in the 1940s, but no breeding sites were located. As of 2010, no pelicans have been recorded, and it may well be that the species is now extinct in Myanmar.
3635:
1927:, because of its rapids, is navigable for less than 160 kilometres (99 mi) from the sea. Small steamers and country boats also serve the coasts of the
4004:
3077:
2442:
1491:
4135:
3173:
1373:
2185:
from enriching riverbanks downstream, where it usually enriches the riverside food-producing plains. This can affect fertility as far downstream as the
1173:
flats. From Mandalay (the former capital of the kingdom of Myanmar), the river makes an abrupt westward turn before curving southwest to unite with the
892:
was developed to support agriculture. The river is still of great importance as the largest commercial waterway of Myanmar. It also provides important
4234:
1223:(Henzada) and about 290 kilometres (180 mi) from its curved base, which faces the Andaman Sea. The westernmost distributary of the delta is the
2830:
2422:
4750:
2452:
4745:
3355:
3208:
2413:
4092:
3617:
3526:
3246:
2844:
4169:
China in Burma: The Increasing Investment of Chinese Multinational Corporations in Burma's Hydropower, Oil and Natural Gas and Mining Sectors
3430:
3192:
4585:
3545:
1749:
It was at this river that a battle between a saltwater crocodile and a tiger was observed that ended with the reptile devouring the tiger.
4728:
4202:
3045:
1816:
between the 2,000 to 3,000 metres (7,000–10,000 ft) mountain ridges. The rivers joining the Irrawaddy are, from north to south:
3823:(2017). "A new genus and three new species of nemacheilid loaches from northern Irrawaddy drainage, Myanmar (Teleostei: Cypriniformes)".
2757:
4469:
4121:
3488:
2960:
2337:, rebuilt in 1954 after the wartime destruction of the original bridge built in 1934, was the only bridge over the Irrawaddy until 1998.
1158:
from the fissure vents and covers an area of about 62 square kilometres (24 sq mi). The plateau is also known as Letha Taung.
4362:
4282:
3305:
3284:
2611:
4172:
2493:
1756:
populations, five species are known to nest in Myanmar at well known island and mainland beaches known as turtle-banks. These are the
1272:
shows a 38% decrease in discharge compared to where the river enters the delta. it also silted up around 278 tons of sand every year.
4069:
3988:
3931:
2884:
2397:
3947:
2533:
4611:
4589:
4077:
4297:
Myanmar's Energy Sector: Banking on Natural Gas Myanmar's Energy Sector: Banking on Natural Gas In Chin Kin Wah & Daljit Singh
1077:. It is unnavigable because of the strong current whereas the smaller western branch, the Mali River, is navigable, despite a few
588:
911:
of both rivers. Environmental organisations have raised concerns about the project's ecological impact on the river's biodiverse
4643:
4407:
4375:
3969:
3265:
3125:
1306:, the average population density is 79 people/km. For these people, the river supply amounts to 18,614 m per person per year.
4026:
3760:
3386:
3231:
3108:
2990:
2777:
1138:
and Mandalay, the course of the river is remarkably straight, flowing almost due south, except near Kabwet, where a sheet of
3575:
2148:, Yunnan Machinery Equipment Import & Export Company Changjiang Institute of Surveying, Planning, Design and Research.
3593:
3449:
1954:, downstream from the confluence in the oil-field district, is a petroleum port. It is linked to Yangon by road and rail.
1343:
is not common in Myanmar, they do live in and near reserved forests. Attacks on people still occur in the Irrawaddy river.
3781:"Danio htamanthinus (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), a new species of miniature cyprinid fish from the Chindwin River in Myanmar"
3659:
2791:
900:
817:
813:
967:
in Buddhism and elephants were often a symbol for water and were used as the name for several other rivers, such as the
349:
193:
2521:
2141:
2128:
1979:
268:
509:
430:
3370:
3338:
3223:
3006:
2769:
1966:(Pathein). A ferry operates between Hinthada on the west bank and the railway station at Tharrawaw on the east bank.
1462:
1411:
The streams of the Nmai and Mali that form the Irrawaddy originate in high and remote mountains near the border with
4511:
2623:
1403:
Along the north–south course of the Irrawaddy River, a number of notably different ecoregions can be distinguished.
907:, yielding a total of 13,360 MW, in the N'mai and Mali Rivers, including the 3600 MW Myitsone Dam at the
3505:
2861:
Adding the sections gives Irrawaddy a discharge of 476.9 cubic kilometers per year, which translates to 15,112 m/s
2223:
tectonic plates meet, raised concerns about its earthquake resistance. Earthquakes in the region, such as the 5.3
4336:
4309:
4213:
4151:
3631:
2911:"Etimoloji Sözlükleri Üzerine Kısa Bir Değerlendirme, Tanımı ve r-'li Yabancı Kelimelerin Türkçeye Giriş Yolları"
3074:
2599:
2587:
1513:. However, most of the large animals including the tiger have been hunted out or seen their habitats disappear.
1475:
The natural habitats of this central zone have been much altered for farming and there are few protected areas.
3170:
2575:
2818:
Catchment Area (000's sq-km) Chindwin River 115.30 Upper Ayeyarwady River 193.30 Lower Ayeyarwady River 95.60
2152:
4260:
1081:. Therefore, the Mali River is still called by the same name as the main river by locals. The controversial
1073:
near 28° N. The eastern branch of the two, N'mai, is the largest and rises in the Languela Glacier north of
3679:
Liu, J.P.; Kuehl, S.A.; Pierce, A.C.; Williams, J.; Blair, N.E.; Harris, C.; Aung, D.W.; Aye, Y.Y. (2020).
3556:
2127:, is located at the confluence of the Mali and N'Mai Rivers at the creation of the Irrawaddy. Although the
999:
4230:
4183:
3465:
1509:) which is cut for timber. The wildlife includes many birds, small mammals and reptiles such as the huge
4644:"Sr General Than Shwe attends opening of Anawrahta Bridge linking Chauk and Seikphyu on Ayeyawady River"
2801:. The Republic of the Union of Myanmar Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation. p. 2. Archived from
1918:
Commercial transportation on the Irrawaddy is maintained for about 1,300 kilometres (810 mi): from
1123:
Below Bhamo the river makes a sharp westward swing, leaving the Bhamo alluvial basin to cut through the
4773:
2978:
2671:
2509:
2205:
1804:
The Irrawaddy River has five major tributaries. As they flow through the northern tip of Myanmar – the
1671:
occur in the delta, but their populations are small and scattered, with the possible exceptions of the
1505:
888:
As early as the sixth century, the river was used for trade and transport, and an extensive network of
2341:
3543:
Hydrological Modeling of Large-scale Ungauged Basin Case Study: Ayeyarwady (Irrawaddy) Basin, Myanmar
2548:
2163:
Due to its location and size, construction of the Myitsone Dam has raised significant ecological and
2145:
4700:
4299:(Eds.), Southeast Asian Affairs 2005 (pp. 257–289). Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
2732:[Chinese Scientists Verify Source of Four International Rivers, Including Yarlung Tsangpo].
1270:
979:), which is found in the lower reaches of the river and known to help fishers who practice cast-net
4768:
4648:
4089:
3613:
3563:
by Ali Chavoshian, H. Ishidaira, K. Takeuchi, and J. Yoshitani, p. 6 fig. 6. Retrieved 18 July 2009
3523:
3414:
3402:
3243:
2848:
2462:
1911:
is made into the heartwood. Other major goods that are transported from the nation's heartlands to
4556:
3427:
1943:—about 640 km from its confluence with the Irrawaddy. Seasonal navigation is carried on into
1100:
lies 50 kilometres (31 mi) south of the confluence and can be reached during the dry season.
3189:
1757:
1558:
3542:
3053:
1883:
were using the Irrawaddy to gain power in the region through trade and transport on the China –
975:, who birthed the mythological elephant. The Irrawaddy gives its name to the Irrawaddy dolphin (
4444:
4423:
4391:
4199:
1789:
1323:
3098:
2754:
1553:
deposited in the delta. The upper and central portions of the delta are almost entirely under
896:
to different communities and economic sectors, including agriculture, fisheries, and tourism.
4522:
4042:
3485:
2325:
2268:
1765:
1484:
1359:
of fish have been described from the Irrawaddy river basin in recent years (for example, the
1261:
1162:
4466:
3281:
2910:
881:
of about 404,000 square kilometres (156,000 sq mi) covers 61% of the land area of
4167:
3692:
2699:
2197:
1781:
1197:, it flows through a narrow valley between forest-covered mountain ranges—the ridge of the
1045:
The Irrawaddy River bisects Myanmar from north to south and empties through the nine-armed
4099:(2009). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 6 August 2009, from Encyclopædia Britannica.
4066:
3985:
3928:
8:
4467:
Dam nation: A geographic census of American dams and their large-scale hydrologic impacts
2950:
1735:
1712:
1652:
1378:
1340:
1328:
1007:
4618:
3696:
2729:
1252:
rains, which occur between mid-May and mid-October, the volume of the Irrawaddy and its
956:
3859:
3681:"Fate of Ayeyarwady and Thanlwin Rivers Sediments in the Andaman Sea and Bay of Bengal"
3000:
2930:
1932:
1625:
1427:
instead of monsoon (deciduous) forest. This region is characterised by subtropical and
1364:
1166:
1113:
1891:
made for flourishing rice cultivation. Later, the river became a key economic tool of
4653:
4356:
4276:
4022:
3966:
3802:
3776:
3756:
3366:
3262:
3227:
3219:
3129:
3104:
3094:
2986:
2934:
2824:
2773:
2765:
2358:
2263:
2200:. The Mali and N'mai River confluence region falls within the Mizoram-Manipur-Kachin
1617:
1385:
916:
893:
874:
573:
103:
34:
4111:
2874:"WRITING SYSTEMS: ROMANIZATION Government of the Union of Myanmar Notification 5/89"
1939:, transportation is carried on by steam or diesel vessels throughout the year up to
1632:), which occurs in flocks of many thousands along the outer coast of the delta. The
3851:
3820:
3792:
3700:
3020:
2922:
2403:
2379:
2346:
1983:
1773:
1557:, principally for rice. The southern portion of the ecoregion transitions into the
1335:
1198:
1182:
995:
904:
846:
834:
821:
807:
4486:
3903:
3877:
3383:
2569:
An island village on the Irrawaddy stays above water on stilts during the monsoons
4735:
4675:
4543:
4518:
4473:
4427:
4416:
4395:
4384:
4217:
4206:
4187:
4176:
4155:
4144:
4096:
4073:
3992:
3973:
3957:
on the range of breeding spot-billed pelican populations, retrieved 8 August 2009
3954:
3935:
3705:
3680:
3663:
3597:
3579:
3572:
3560:
3549:
3530:
3512:
3492:
3472:
3453:
3434:
3390:
3362:
3342:
3288:
3269:
3250:
3215:
3196:
3177:
3081:
3075:
California State University, Chico – The Symbolism of Elephants in Indian Culture
2915:
Istanbul University Faculty of Letters Journal of Turkish Language and Literature
2761:
2417:
2186:
1680:
1577:
1526:
1214:
1046:
1034:
1030:
964:
870:
663:
149:
83:
3021:"Irrawaddy River | Myanmar's Largest River, Wildlife & History | Britannica"
2790:
Khon Ra, Director, Hydrology Branch, Irrigation Department (21 September 2011).
3995:, Asian Regional Centre for Biodiversity Conservation, retrieved 8 August 2009.
3938:, Asian Regional Centre for Biodiversity Conservation. Retrieved 17 August 2009
3590:
3446:
3334:"All areas with P/PET ratio less than 0.65" according to the definition of the
2663:
2389:
2258:
2216:
1991:
1975:
1936:
1908:
1892:
1840:
1743:
1696:
1660:
1641:
1633:
1601:
1597:
1510:
1303:
1178:
1174:
1169:– the Bamar people's ancient cultural heartland – where large areas consist of
1135:
1120:
About 65 kilometres (40 mi) downstream from Myitkyinā is the first defile.
1074:
878:
862:
722:
322:
88:
3797:
3780:
3753:
The Status and Distribution of Freshwater Biodiversity in the Eastern Himalaya
3656:
3253:
topic: Physical features » Physiography, paragraph 3. Retrieved 5-12-2008
2802:
4762:
4116:
4043:"Sea Turtles in Myanmar: Past and Present, Marine Turtle Newsletter 88:10–11"
2955:
2500:
2224:
1928:
1924:
1851:
1830:
1624:), which is very common. One of the most numerous wintering shorebird is the
1589:
1397:
1369:
1299:
sectors, the shallowest point is as shallow as 60 centimetres (2.0 ft).
1011:
984:
603:
590:
524:
511:
445:
432:
364:
351:
283:
270:
208:
195:
93:
3678:
3171:
Document about the floradiversity in Northern Kachin, in the N'mai watershed
2926:
3806:
2362:
2220:
2173:
2124:
1950:
The Chindwin valley has no railroad and relies heavily on river transport.
1915:
for export are other foodstuffs, petroleum, cotton, and local commodities.
1825:
1820:
1805:
1708:
1609:
1576:
Birds of the delta are both winter visitors and passage migrants including
1441:
1256:
varies greatly throughout the year. In summer, the melting of the snow and
1228:
1082:
1062:
1023:
988:
920:
495:
415:
334:
78:
4019:
The White Elephant: Or, the Hunters of Ava and the King of the Golden Foot
3720:
1331:
was once widespread in Asia, but is not known to breed in Myanmar anymore.
3335:
3292:
2283:
1672:
1420:
1356:
1253:
1219:
The delta of the Irrawaddy begins about 93 kilometres (58 mi) above
1189:, below which it flows generally southward. In its lower course, between
1186:
1147:
1070:
560:
555:
98:
4125:. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 485.
2964:. Vol. 14 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 839.
2196:
of an area that is the border of the Indo-Burma and South Central China
1958:, near the apex of the delta, is the rail junction for lines leading to
3863:
3445:
Information about sediment dynamics in the Yangon River at the site of
2676:
2330:
2212:
2211:
The location of the Myitsone Dam, located less than 100 km from a
2201:
2193:
2133:
2117:
1995:
1987:
1753:
1566:
1424:
1393:
1202:
1058:
1019:
1015:
968:
908:
889:
866:
403:
4740:
4340:
4313:
4210:
4148:
4005:
A population survey of the estuarine crocodile in the Ayeyarwady Delta
1998:
in Shan State. The following data is available for the dam locations:
1231:
is only a minor channel, the flow of water is insufficient to prevent
181:
Ridong Qu headwaters, southeast Tibet, China: The geographical source.
51:
Course, watershed, cities and major tributaries of the Irrawaddy River
4310:"YMEC ® Yunnan machinery & equipment import & export co.,LTD"
4256:
2446:
2436:
2373:
2248:
2178:
2164:
1688:
1538:
1534:
1465:
1428:
1416:
1348:
1124:
1097:
1065:. Both the N'mai and Mali Rivers find their sources in the Himalayan
983:. Though called the Irrawaddy dolphin, it has been also found in the
912:
119:
3855:
1549:
forests. It is an extremely fertile area because of the river-borne
1351:
is home to 119–195 species of fish found nowhere else in the world (
1085:
is no longer under construction at the convergence of these rivers.
256:
Gada Qu headwaters, southeast Tibet, China: The northernmost source.
46:
4007:, Oryx Volume 34 Issue 4, Pages 317 – 324. Retrieved 8 August 2009.
3725:
2540:
2383:
2313:
2308:
2298:
2273:
2235:
2182:
2113:
1955:
1944:
1919:
1904:
1864:
1835:
1809:
1585:
1542:
1469:
1360:
1352:
1292:
1276:
1257:
1236:
1220:
1170:
1151:
1109:
952:
943:
726:
159:
129:
4200:
Supervisory Office of Confluence Region Hydropower Project Opened
2642:
2393:
2334:
2278:
1963:
1959:
1940:
1704:
1554:
1445:
1266:
1249:
1224:
1093:
1066:
980:
972:
869:
rivers, it flows from north to south before emptying through the
858:
738:
139:
134:
65:
3553:
3157:
The Globe: Journal of the Australian and New Zealand Map Society
2949:
2641:
The Irrawaddy as seen from the Yadanabon Bridge looking towards
2555:
2466:
2456:
1912:
1880:
1813:
1668:
1570:
1232:
1078:
4180:
3750:
3504:
A detailed documentation of sediment dynamics can be found in
1871:
1275:
Variation between high and low water levels is also great. At
2695:
2407:
2293:
2288:
2253:
1951:
1888:
1884:
1720:
1716:
1659:) nested in huge numbers in south Myanmar. One colony on the
1562:
1546:
1412:
1288:
1280:
1190:
1165:, the river follows a broad, open course through the central
1155:
1131:
1089:
960:
882:
144:
124:
1899:
areas, one of the most important goods transported is rice.
1537:
flow into the Andaman Sea through the Irrawaddy Delta. This
4110:
3272:
topografische & klimatografische informatie over Kabwet
2426:
2354:
2303:
1900:
1887:
route. By the twelfth century, a well-developed network of
1860:
1856:
1550:
1521:
1496:
1458:
1436:
1296:
1194:
1139:
1010:, itself known as Pegu after its capital, now romanized as
934:
154:
4729:
Rivers Network – Irrawaddy river blog and watershed webmap
4419:
p. 39 (2008) Chiang Mai (Kachin Environment Organization,
1489:
The predominant trees of the drier patches are the thorny
2617:
Woman sailing in small boat along the west bank at Mingun
1947:, which is 57 miles (92 km) by river above Homalin.
1432:
1907:, a practice where a deep circular cut through bark and
1130:
About 100 kilometres (62 mi) north of Mandalay, at
3775:
1695:), which have been reported from all Reserved Forests.
1096:
most of the river cannot be used by boats. The city of
2243:
The river flows through or past the following cities:
2002:
Capacity, Height and Length Data for the Dam Projects
1895:
interests, who set up trading ports along its shores.
1384:
Among the most well-known species in the river is the
915:. Animals potentially impacted include the endangered
4525:
on 20 August 2008. Retrieved online 24 September 2009
4476:, Water Resrouces Research, Vol. 35(4) pp. 1305–1311
4440:
4420:
4388:
4387:(2008) Chiang Mai (Kachin Environment Organization,
4220:
7 May 2007. Paragraph 4. Retrieved 17 September 2009
3976:, Environment issue 1, 2008. Retrieved 2 August 2009
2792:"Water Quality Management at River Basin in Myanmar"
2653:
2208:
list of outstanding examples of biodiverse regions.
1265:
metres (533,700 cu ft). Further North, at
4137:
Saviours Sought To Halt Irrawaddy River Dam Project
3842:L. Dudley Stamp (May 1940). "The Irrawaddy River".
2487:The shores of Irrawaddy River near Nyaung-U, Bagan
1863:and floated down the Irrawaddy River, ashore near
903:signed an agreement for the construction of seven
3751:Allen, D.J.; S. Molur; B.A. Daniel, eds. (2010).
1451:
1415:. This part of Myanmar, which extends north from
1260:in Northern Burma add to the volume. The average
4760:
3746:
3744:
3153:"Lake Chiamay: Asia's Mythical Mother of Rivers"
1448:forest above 2,400 metres (7,900 ft) feet.
1112:, the Irrawaddy flows through three well-marked
1033:'s poem, the river is sometimes referred to as '
4109:Brandis, Dietrich; Gamble, James Sykes (1911).
3841:
3234:. Page 115 paragraph 2, retrieved 16 July 2009/
2983:The Ayeyarwady River and the Economy of Myanmar
2780:. Page 115 paragraph 2, retrieved July 16, 2009
4779:Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests
4546:, 20 August 2009. Retrieved 24 September 2009.
2723:
2721:
2181:characteristics of the river, e.g. preventing
1142:has caused the river to bend sharply westward.
4108:
3741:
3608:
3606:
3533:Physiography, alinea 4. Retrieved 17-12-2008.
3447:National Center for Biotechnology Information
3426:Basic information about the Bago Division on
1134:, the river enters the third defile. Between
695:60,000 m/s (2,100,000 cu ft/s)
4586:Union Solidarity and Development Association
3819:
2829:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2799:Water Environment Partnership in Asia (WEPA)
2189:, the major rice-producing area of Myanmar.
4676:"Minbu Bridge (Magway Region) – Structurae"
3103:. Hong Kong University Press. p. 173.
2718:
2539:Buffalo pulling logs from the Irrawaddy at
2151:At least one Japanese company is involved,
885:, and contains five of its largest cities.
675:15,112 m/s (533,700 cu ft/s)
3603:
2239:Irrawaddy River from Sagaing Hill, Sagaing
1982:in May 2007 for the construction of seven
1061:of the N'mai (Nam Gio) and Mali Rivers in
641:404,200 km (156,100 sq mi)
45:
4701:"The Nation's Longest Bridge Inaugurated"
3796:
3704:
3666:page 2. 1995 data, retrieved 16 July 2009
3616:. Encyclopædia Britannica. 17 July 2009.
3600:for the Irrawaddy. Retrieved 18 July 2009
3475:from Henzhada to the river mouth, in feet
2230:
861:. Originating from the confluence of the
685:2,300 m/s (81,000 cu ft/s)
4536:Earthquake Raises Concern over Mega Dams
4078:The Politics of Heroin in Southeast Asia
2382:(Yadanar Pone Bridge/New Ava Bridge) at
2357:(Innwa) Bridge, a 16 span rail and road
2340:
2324:
2234:
1870:
1850:
1725:Panthera pardus, P. tigris, Cuon alpinus
1520:
1478:
1334:
1322:
3674:
3672:
3591:UNC & GNRDC Composite Runoff Fields
3209:James R Penn (2001) Rivers of the World
3150:
2755:James R Penn (2001) Rivers of the World
2527:Traditional rivercraft on the Irrawaddy
1846:
1516:
1309:
818:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
4761:
4557:""Big Push" for Sustained Development"
4361:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
4281:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
4016:
3634:. Today in Myanmar. 25 February 2009.
3552:(2006), University of Yamanashi &
3093:
2605:Bamboo raft sailing down the Irrawaddy
1208:
1022:is a separate river, tributary to the
4487:"Mizoram-Manipur-Kachin rain forests"
4447:from the original on 27 February 2012
4237:from the original on 23 February 2012
3199:, paragraph 3. Retrieved 14 July 2009
2947:
2908:
1406:
933:The name "Irrawaddy" is derived from
845:
3669:
3413:Article about the Bago Mountains on
3365:, Twenty-First Century Books, 2007.
3316:from the original on 18 January 2017
3123:
2973:
2971:
1812:plains and relatively narrow upland
4512:Earth Quake Hits China-Burma Border
4421:Kachin Development Networking Group
4389:Kachin Development Networking Group
3620:from the original on 28 April 2015.
2977:
2727:
1879:As early as the sixth century, the
13:
3428:the site of the Myanmar Government
3336:Convention on Biological Diversity
3218:. Santa Barbara, Calif. ABC-Clio
2764:. Santa Barbara, Calif. ABC-Clio
2142:China Power Investment Corporation
2129:China Power Investment Corporation
1980:China Power Investment Corporation
1444:, and that in turn into evergreen
1057:The Irrawaddy River arises by the
998:, the Irrawaddy was also known to
963:in Hinduism. Saka is an important
14:
4790:
4722:
4147:(14 March 2009) Nawdin Lahpai on
3638:from the original on 7 March 2009
2968:
2593:Market on the west bank at Mingun
2192:Ecological concerns focus on the
1463:Irrawaddy moist deciduous forests
4263:from the original on 22 May 2017
4067:Burma: Sahibs in the Shan States
3403:The Free Dictionary Encyclopedia
2656:
2634:
2622:
2610:
2598:
2586:
2574:
2562:
2547:
2532:
2520:
2508:
2492:
2480:
1875:Market activity in the Irrawaddy
1377:in 2017), and it is likely that
798:
33:
4693:
4668:
4636:
4604:
4574:
4549:
4528:
4505:
4479:
4459:
4433:
4401:
4369:
4329:
4302:
4289:
4249:
4223:
4193:
4161:
4129:
4102:
4083:
4060:
4035:
4010:
3998:
3979:
3960:
3941:
3922:
3896:
3870:
3835:
3813:
3769:
3713:
3650:
3624:
3584:
3566:
3536:
3517:
3498:
3478:
3459:
3439:
3420:
3407:
3395:
3376:
3348:
3328:
3298:
3275:
3256:
3237:
3202:
3183:
3164:
3144:
3117:
3087:
3068:
3038:
3013:
2881:United Nation World Stats Forum
2705:, meaning "abounding in riches"
2140:Chinese involvement comes from
1752:Despite recent declines in the
1040:
901:Myanmar's military dictatorship
4652:. 5 April 2001. Archived from
4588:. 7 April 2006. Archived from
4295:Tin Maung Maung Than. (2005).
4158:. Retrieved 17 September 2009.
3524:Encyclopædia Britannica Online
3466:Profile of the Irrawaddy Delta
3415:Encyclopædia Britannica Online
3244:Encyclopædia Britannica Online
3100:Asian Marine Biology 14 (1997)
2941:
2909:Ölmez, Mehmet (28 June 2019).
2902:
2866:
2837:
2783:
2748:
2689:
2353:Until the construction of the
2158:
2123:The largest of the seven, the
1799:
1651:In the late 19th century, the
1452:The Central Basin and Lowlands
1243:
919:and the critically endangered
582: • coordinates
503: • coordinates
424: • coordinates
343: • coordinates
262: • coordinates
187: • coordinates
1:
4430:. Retrieved 22 September 2009
4398:. Retrieved 17 September 2009
4190:. Retrieved 17 September 2009
3614:"Irrawaddy River – hydrology"
3005:: CS1 maint: date and year (
2712:
2581:Bamboo rafts by the Irrawaddy
2515:Travelling on the great river
2380:Ayeyarwady Bridge (Yadanabon)
2153:Kansai Electric Power Company
746:Second longest source length:
633:2,288 km (1,422 mi)
169:Physical characteristics
3706:10.1016/j.margeo.2020.106137
2948:Scott, James George (1911).
2845:"Water Resources of Myanmar"
2789:
2629:Irrawaddy river near Bu Paya
1808:– they cut long north–south
1533:The Irrawaddy River and its
1201:to the west and that of the
1150:, a volcanic field from the
951:in Pali) is the name of the
621: • elevation
542: • elevation
464: • elevation
383: • elevation
302: • elevation
226: • elevation
7:
4751:Earth from Space NASA image
4211:Myanmar Information Website
4021:. Nabu Press. p. 239.
3967:Disappearing Wild Elephants
3825:Raffles Bulletin of Zoology
2649:
2433:Ayeyarwady-Nyaungdon Bridge
1596:), about thirty species of
659: • location
568: • location
490: • location
411: • location
330: • location
252: • location
10:
4795:
3948:BirdLife Species Factsheet
3401:Rakhine Mountain Range on
2847:. AQUASTAT. Archived from
2728:Fei, Yu (22 August 2011).
2672:Irrawaddy Flotilla Company
2473:
2320:
1569:, islands, and meandering
1561:and is made up of fanlike
1506:Dipterocarpus tuberculatus
1503:) with stands of Indaing (
1482:
1318:
1212:
1146:This sheet of lava is the
1103:
1052:
971:. It can also be based on
877:into the Andaman Sea. Its
857:) is the largest river in
691: • maximum
681: • minimum
671: • average
4216:17 September 2009 at the
4186:13 September 2017 at the
4181:EarthRights International
3904:"Irrawaddy Swamp Forests"
3878:"Myanmar Coast mangroves"
3798:10.11646/zootaxa.4178.4.5
3151:Pearson, Michael (2018),
2146:China Southern Power Grid
1978:signed an agreement with
1667:Several species of large
1154:. This field consists of
1006:as the main river of the
838:
790:
744:
732:
716:
708:
703:
699:
689:
679:
669:
657:
649:
645:
637:
629:
619:
580:
566:
554:
550:
540:
501:
488:
480:
476:
472:
462:
422:
409:
399:
395:
391:
381:
341:
328:
318:
314:
310:
300:
260:
250:
242:
238:
234:
224:
185:
177:
173:
168:
112:
71:
61:
56:
44:
32:
23:
4649:The New Light of Myanmar
4561:Perspective, August 2000
4426:27 February 2012 at the
4415:29 December 2016 at the
4394:27 February 2012 at the
4383:29 December 2016 at the
4231:"Irrawaddy Myitsone Dam"
4175:29 December 2016 at the
4154:24 February 2017 at the
4143:29 December 2016 at the
4017:Dalton, William (2010).
3972:19 February 2010 at the
3844:The Geographical Journal
3755:. IUCN. pp. 22–23.
3596:29 December 2016 at the
3578:22 November 2010 at the
3511:29 December 2016 at the
3491:20 November 2008 at the
3471:22 February 2017 at the
3452:29 December 2016 at the
3389:5 September 2016 at the
3341:29 December 2016 at the
3282:Global Volcanism Program
3268:29 December 2016 at the
3176:19 December 2008 at the
3080:25 December 2009 at the
2682:
2463:Ayeyarwady-Dedaye Bridge
1161:Leaving this plateau at
928:
734: • right
546:147 m (482 ft)
39:Aerial view of the river
4465:William L. Graf (1999)
4122:Encyclopædia Britannica
3662:14 January 2009 at the
3361:11 January 2016 at the
3214:11 January 2016 at the
2961:Encyclopædia Britannica
2927:10.26650/tuded2019-0012
2760:11 January 2016 at the
2730:"中国科学家确定雅鲁藏布江等四条国际河流源头"
1969:
1758:olive ridley sea turtle
1677:Cervus unicolor equinus
1559:Burmese Coast mangroves
1495:and the hardwood dahat
1049:into the Indian Ocean.
782:Quwa Qu/Ridong Ermei ⟶
718: • left
4746:NASA Earth Observatory
4491:Terrestrial Ecoregions
4072:28 August 2009 at the
3953:4 January 2009 at the
3908:Terrestrial Ecoregions
3882:Terrestrial Ecoregions
3657:Water Resources eAtlas
3506:The Journal of Geology
3456:. Retrieved 17/12/2008
3433:5 January 2009 at the
3084:retrieved 13 July 2009
2372:over the N'Mai Hka at
2350:
2338:
2240:
2231:Major cities and towns
1876:
1868:
1859:logs, made into large
1790:leatherback sea turtle
1786:Eretmochelys imbricata
1657:Pelecanus philippensis
1530:
1529:system along the coast
1344:
1332:
1108:Between Myitkyina and
852:official romanisation:
847:[ʔèjàwədìmjɪʔ]
806:This article contains
779:Longest source length:
468:3800 m (approximately)
387:4650 m (approximately)
306:4760 m (approximately)
230:4760 m (approximately)
4523:Sydney Morning Herald
4517:26 April 2012 at the
4493:. World Wildlife Fund
4409:Damming the Irrawaddy
4377:Damming the Irrawaddy
4095:28 April 2015 at the
3986:Irrawaddy Delta Fauna
3910:. World Wildlife Fund
3884:. World Wildlife Fund
3529:28 April 2015 at the
3495:retrieved 17-12-2008.
3249:28 April 2015 at the
3046:"Irrawaddy etymology"
2499:River Irrawaddy with
2344:
2328:
2238:
2198:biodiversity hotspots
1986:along the Irrawaddy,
1874:
1854:
1766:loggerhead sea turtle
1762:Lepidochelys olivacea
1648:) are also abundant.
1584:), a wide variety of
1524:
1485:Irrawaddy dry forests
1479:Irrawaddy dry forests
1400:and South-East Asia.
1390:Orcaella brevirostris
1338:
1326:
977:Orcaella brevirostris
604:15.85528°N 95.24083°E
525:25.70000°N 97.50000°E
446:27.74667°N 97.03472°E
365:28.53056°N 97.63194°E
284:28.76583°N 97.75028°E
209:28.73444°N 97.87250°E
4734:31 July 2020 at the
4542:27 July 2011 at the
3559:16 July 2017 at the
3354:Thomas Streissguth,
3190:Burma Rivers Network
2698:erawa.ti mrac. From
2370:Bala Min Htin Bridge
1847:Economy and politics
1794:Dermochelys coriacea
1782:hawksbill sea turtle
1622:Larus brunnicephalus
1598:migratory shorebirds
1517:Irrawaddy Delta Area
1501:Tectona hamiltoniana
1310:Sediments to the Sea
1035:The Road to Mandalay
625:0 m (0 ft)
4624:on 29 December 2016
4612:"myanmargeneva.org"
4582:"Roads and Bridges"
4343:on 29 December 2016
4316:on 29 December 2016
3991:15 May 2008 at the
3934:15 May 2008 at the
3929:Wetlands in Myanmar
3779:; M. Norén (2017).
3697:2020MGeol.423j6137L
3632:"Shallow Irrawaddy"
3548:11 May 2011 at the
3486:rainfall in Myanmar
3356:Myanmar in pictures
3287:14 May 2013 at the
3195:9 July 2009 at the
3126:"Irrawaddy Dolphin"
3056:on 17 February 2010
2554:The great river at
2003:
1736:saltwater crocodile
1713:crab-eating macaque
1673:Malayan sambar deer
1653:spot-billed pelican
1630:Charadrius mongolus
1582:Phalacrocorax carbo
1379:undescribed species
1341:saltwater crocodile
1329:spot-billed pelican
1209:The Irrawaddy Delta
1203:Pegu Yoma Mountains
1008:Hanthawaddy Kingdom
784:Gyita Qu/Kelao Luo:
754:Gyita Qu/Kelao Luo:
750:Kaidag Qu/Gadag Qu:
704:Basin features
600: /
521: /
442: /
361: /
280: /
205: /
4472:1 May 2011 at the
4205:1 May 2011 at the
3373:. Retrieved 16-12.
3095:Perrin, William F.
3025:www.britannica.com
2734:Xinhua News Agency
2443:Bo Myat Tun Bridge
2351:
2339:
2241:
2001:
1984:hydroelectric dams
1933:Tanintharyi Region
1877:
1869:
1740:Crocodylus porosus
1626:lesser sand plover
1614:Hydroprogne caspia
1606:Chlidonias hybrida
1531:
1492:Terminalia oliveri
1407:Northern Mountains
1365:Danio htamanthinus
1345:
1333:
1000:European explorers
905:hydroelectric dams
894:ecosystem services
609:15.85528; 95.24083
530:25.70000; 97.50000
451:27.74667; 97.03472
370:28.53056; 97.63194
289:28.76583; 97.75028
214:28.73444; 97.87250
4774:Rivers of Myanmar
4521:, article in the
4028:978-1-148-55210-1
3762:978-2-8317-1324-3
3382:Rakhine State op
3345:, retrieved 16-12
3232:978-1-57607-042-0
3110:978-962-209-462-8
2992:978-2-940443-06-2
2951:"Irrawaddy"
2808:on 16 August 2016
2778:978-1-57607-042-0
2359:cantilever bridge
2110:
2109:
1618:brown-headed gull
1386:Irrawaddy dolphin
1374:Malihkaia aligera
917:Irrawaddy dolphin
890:irrigation canals
875:Ayeyarwady Region
814:rendering support
794:
793:
574:Ayeyarwady Region
481:Source confluence
28:
4786:
4717:
4716:
4714:
4712:
4697:
4691:
4690:
4688:
4686:
4672:
4666:
4665:
4663:
4661:
4656:on 27 April 2011
4640:
4634:
4633:
4631:
4629:
4623:
4617:. Archived from
4616:
4608:
4602:
4601:
4599:
4597:
4578:
4572:
4571:
4569:
4567:
4553:
4547:
4532:
4526:
4509:
4503:
4502:
4500:
4498:
4483:
4477:
4463:
4457:
4456:
4454:
4452:
4437:
4431:
4405:
4399:
4373:
4367:
4366:
4360:
4352:
4350:
4348:
4339:. Archived from
4333:
4327:
4325:
4323:
4321:
4312:. Archived from
4306:
4300:
4293:
4287:
4286:
4280:
4272:
4270:
4268:
4253:
4247:
4246:
4244:
4242:
4227:
4221:
4197:
4191:
4165:
4159:
4133:
4127:
4126:
4114:
4106:
4100:
4087:
4081:
4064:
4058:
4057:
4055:
4053:
4039:
4033:
4032:
4014:
4008:
4002:
3996:
3983:
3977:
3964:
3958:
3945:
3939:
3926:
3920:
3919:
3917:
3915:
3900:
3894:
3893:
3891:
3889:
3874:
3868:
3867:
3839:
3833:
3832:
3817:
3811:
3810:
3800:
3773:
3767:
3766:
3748:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3734:
3717:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3676:
3667:
3654:
3648:
3647:
3645:
3643:
3628:
3622:
3621:
3610:
3601:
3588:
3582:
3570:
3564:
3540:
3534:
3521:
3515:
3502:
3496:
3482:
3476:
3463:
3457:
3443:
3437:
3424:
3418:
3411:
3405:
3399:
3393:
3380:
3374:
3352:
3346:
3332:
3326:
3325:
3323:
3321:
3302:
3296:
3279:
3273:
3263:Kabwet, Myanmar:
3260:
3254:
3241:
3235:
3206:
3200:
3187:
3181:
3168:
3162:
3160:
3159:, pp. 43 ff
3148:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3137:
3128:. Archived from
3121:
3115:
3114:
3091:
3085:
3072:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3061:
3052:. Archived from
3042:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3031:
3017:
3011:
3010:
3004:
2996:
2975:
2966:
2965:
2953:
2945:
2939:
2938:
2906:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2889:
2883:. Archived from
2878:
2870:
2864:
2863:
2858:
2856:
2841:
2835:
2834:
2828:
2820:
2815:
2813:
2807:
2796:
2787:
2781:
2752:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2725:
2706:
2693:
2666:
2661:
2660:
2659:
2638:
2626:
2614:
2602:
2590:
2578:
2566:
2551:
2536:
2524:
2512:
2503:on the east bank
2496:
2484:
2429:, September 1997
2404:Anawrahta Bridge
2347:Irrawaddy Bridge
2004:
2000:
1893:Imperial British
1774:green sea turtle
1368:in 2016 and the
1199:Arakan Mountains
1183:Gulf of Martaban
996:Age of Discovery
853:
849:
844:
840:
820: instead of
802:
801:
766:Irrawaddy River:
762:N Mai Kha River:
735:
719:
692:
682:
672:
660:
615:
614:
612:
611:
610:
605:
601:
598:
597:
596:
593:
543:
536:
535:
533:
532:
531:
526:
522:
519:
518:
517:
514:
504:
491:
465:
457:
456:
454:
453:
452:
447:
443:
440:
439:
438:
435:
425:
412:
384:
376:
375:
373:
372:
371:
366:
362:
359:
358:
357:
354:
344:
331:
303:
295:
294:
292:
291:
290:
285:
281:
278:
277:
276:
273:
263:
253:
227:
220:
219:
217:
216:
215:
210:
206:
203:
202:
201:
198:
188:
49:
37:
26:
21:
20:
16:River in Myanmar
4794:
4793:
4789:
4788:
4787:
4785:
4784:
4783:
4769:Irrawaddy River
4759:
4758:
4756:
4736:Wayback Machine
4725:
4720:
4710:
4708:
4707:. November 1999
4699:
4698:
4694:
4684:
4682:
4674:
4673:
4669:
4659:
4657:
4642:
4641:
4637:
4627:
4625:
4621:
4614:
4610:
4609:
4605:
4595:
4593:
4592:on 23 June 2008
4580:
4579:
4575:
4565:
4563:
4555:
4554:
4550:
4544:Wayback Machine
4533:
4529:
4519:Wayback Machine
4510:
4506:
4496:
4494:
4485:
4484:
4480:
4474:Wayback Machine
4464:
4460:
4450:
4448:
4439:
4438:
4434:
4428:Wayback Machine
4417:Wayback Machine
4406:
4402:
4396:Wayback Machine
4385:Wayback Machine
4374:
4370:
4354:
4353:
4346:
4344:
4337:"Archived copy"
4335:
4334:
4330:
4319:
4317:
4308:
4307:
4303:
4294:
4290:
4274:
4273:
4266:
4264:
4257:"Archived copy"
4255:
4254:
4250:
4240:
4238:
4229:
4228:
4224:
4218:Wayback Machine
4207:Wayback Machine
4198:
4194:
4188:Wayback Machine
4177:Wayback Machine
4166:
4162:
4156:Wayback Machine
4145:Wayback Machine
4134:
4130:
4107:
4103:
4097:Wayback Machine
4090:Irrawaddy River
4088:
4084:
4074:Wayback Machine
4065:
4061:
4051:
4049:
4041:
4040:
4036:
4029:
4015:
4011:
4003:
3999:
3993:Wayback Machine
3984:
3980:
3974:Wayback Machine
3965:
3961:
3955:Wayback Machine
3946:
3942:
3936:Wayback Machine
3927:
3923:
3913:
3911:
3902:
3901:
3897:
3887:
3885:
3876:
3875:
3871:
3856:10.2307/1787471
3840:
3836:
3818:
3814:
3777:Kullander, S.O.
3774:
3770:
3763:
3749:
3742:
3732:
3730:
3729:. 20 April 2008
3719:
3718:
3714:
3677:
3670:
3664:Wayback Machine
3655:
3651:
3641:
3639:
3630:
3629:
3625:
3612:
3611:
3604:
3598:Wayback Machine
3589:
3585:
3580:Wayback Machine
3571:
3567:
3561:Wayback Machine
3550:Wayback Machine
3541:
3537:
3531:Wayback Machine
3522:
3518:
3513:Wayback Machine
3503:
3499:
3493:Wayback Machine
3483:
3479:
3473:Wayback Machine
3464:
3460:
3454:Wayback Machine
3444:
3440:
3435:Wayback Machine
3425:
3421:
3412:
3408:
3400:
3396:
3391:Wayback Machine
3381:
3377:
3363:Wayback Machine
3353:
3349:
3343:Wayback Machine
3333:
3329:
3319:
3317:
3304:
3303:
3299:
3289:Wayback Machine
3280:
3276:
3270:Wayback Machine
3261:
3257:
3251:Wayback Machine
3242:
3238:
3216:Wayback Machine
3207:
3203:
3197:Wayback Machine
3188:
3184:
3178:Wayback Machine
3169:
3165:
3149:
3145:
3135:
3133:
3132:on 25 July 2008
3122:
3118:
3111:
3092:
3088:
3082:Wayback Machine
3073:
3069:
3059:
3057:
3044:
3043:
3039:
3029:
3027:
3019:
3018:
3014:
2998:
2997:
2993:
2976:
2969:
2946:
2942:
2907:
2903:
2893:
2891:
2890:on 28 July 2018
2887:
2876:
2872:
2871:
2867:
2854:
2852:
2851:on 27 July 2010
2843:
2842:
2838:
2822:
2821:
2811:
2809:
2805:
2794:
2788:
2784:
2762:Wayback Machine
2753:
2749:
2739:
2737:
2726:
2719:
2715:
2710:
2709:
2694:
2690:
2685:
2662:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2645:
2639:
2630:
2627:
2618:
2615:
2606:
2603:
2594:
2591:
2582:
2579:
2570:
2567:
2558:
2552:
2543:
2537:
2528:
2525:
2516:
2513:
2504:
2497:
2488:
2485:
2476:
2459:, February 1998
2449:, November 1999
2439:, November 2011
2400:, December 2011
2376:, November 1998
2323:
2318:
2233:
2204:, added to the
2187:Irrawaddy Delta
2161:
1972:
1923:boats, but the
1849:
1802:
1770:Caretta caretta
1744:crocodile farms
1701:Elephas maximus
1697:Asian elephants
1681:Indian hog deer
1638:Tringa glareola
1578:great cormorant
1545:and freshwater
1527:mangrove forest
1519:
1487:
1481:
1454:
1409:
1321:
1312:
1246:
1217:
1215:Irrawaddy Delta
1211:
1106:
1055:
1047:Irrawaddy Delta
1043:
1031:Rudyard Kipling
931:
871:Irrawaddy Delta
851:
842:
831:Irrawaddy River
827:
826:
825:
812:Without proper
803:
799:
781:
777:
772:
748:
733:
717:
690:
680:
670:
664:Irrawaddy Delta
658:
622:
608:
606:
602:
599:
594:
591:
589:
587:
586:
583:
569:
541:
529:
527:
523:
520:
515:
512:
510:
508:
507:
502:
489:
463:
458:(approximately)
450:
448:
444:
441:
436:
433:
431:
429:
428:
423:
410:
382:
377:(approximately)
369:
367:
363:
360:
355:
352:
350:
348:
347:
342:
329:
301:
296:(approximately)
288:
286:
282:
279:
274:
271:
269:
267:
266:
261:
251:
225:
213:
211:
207:
204:
199:
196:
194:
192:
191:
186:
164:
108:
52:
40:
25:
24:Irrawaddy River
17:
12:
11:
5:
4792:
4782:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4754:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4724:
4723:External links
4721:
4719:
4718:
4692:
4680:structurae.net
4667:
4635:
4603:
4573:
4548:
4527:
4504:
4478:
4458:
4432:
4400:
4368:
4328:
4301:
4288:
4248:
4222:
4192:
4160:
4128:
4117:Chisholm, Hugh
4101:
4082:
4059:
4047:seaturtle.org/
4034:
4027:
4009:
3997:
3978:
3959:
3940:
3921:
3895:
3869:
3850:(5): 329–352.
3834:
3812:
3791:(4): 535–546.
3768:
3761:
3740:
3712:
3685:Marine Geology
3668:
3649:
3623:
3602:
3583:
3565:
3535:
3516:
3497:
3477:
3458:
3438:
3419:
3406:
3394:
3384:Travel Myanmar
3375:
3347:
3327:
3297:
3274:
3255:
3236:
3201:
3182:
3163:
3143:
3116:
3109:
3086:
3067:
3050:myanmar.gov.mm
3037:
3012:
2991:
2981:(1 May 2018).
2967:
2956:Chisholm, Hugh
2940:
2901:
2865:
2836:
2782:
2747:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2687:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2680:
2679:
2674:
2668:
2667:
2664:Myanmar portal
2651:
2648:
2647:
2646:
2640:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2561:
2559:
2553:
2546:
2544:
2538:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2507:
2505:
2498:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2479:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2470:
2460:
2450:
2440:
2430:
2423:Nawaday Bridge
2420:
2411:
2401:
2390:Pakokku Bridge
2387:
2377:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2245:
2232:
2229:
2160:
2157:
2108:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2082:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2056:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2030:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2008:
1976:military junta
1971:
1968:
1937:Chindwin River
1848:
1845:
1844:
1843:
1841:Chindwin River
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1801:
1798:
1778:Chelonia mydas
1661:Sittaung River
1642:red junglefowl
1634:wood sandpiper
1602:whiskered tern
1518:
1515:
1511:Burmese python
1483:Main article:
1480:
1477:
1453:
1450:
1408:
1405:
1320:
1317:
1311:
1308:
1245:
1242:
1233:Yangon Harbour
1213:Main article:
1210:
1207:
1179:Sittaung River
1175:Chindwin River
1144:
1143:
1128:
1121:
1105:
1102:
1054:
1051:
1042:
1039:
930:
927:
879:drainage basin
822:Burmese script
816:, you may see
808:Burmese script
804:
797:
796:
795:
792:
791:
788:
787:
742:
741:
736:
730:
729:
723:Chindwin River
720:
714:
713:
710:
706:
705:
701:
700:
697:
696:
693:
687:
686:
683:
677:
676:
673:
667:
666:
661:
655:
654:
651:
647:
646:
643:
642:
639:
635:
634:
631:
627:
626:
623:
620:
617:
616:
584:
581:
578:
577:
570:
567:
564:
563:
558:
552:
551:
548:
547:
544:
538:
537:
505:
499:
498:
492:
486:
485:
482:
478:
477:
474:
473:
470:
469:
466:
460:
459:
426:
420:
419:
413:
407:
406:
401:
397:
396:
393:
392:
389:
388:
385:
379:
378:
345:
339:
338:
332:
326:
325:
320:
316:
315:
312:
311:
308:
307:
304:
298:
297:
264:
258:
257:
254:
248:
247:
244:
240:
239:
236:
235:
232:
231:
228:
222:
221:
189:
183:
182:
179:
175:
174:
171:
170:
166:
165:
163:
162:
157:
152:
147:
142:
137:
132:
127:
122:
116:
114:
110:
109:
107:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
75:
73:
72:States/Regions
69:
68:
63:
59:
58:
54:
53:
50:
42:
41:
38:
30:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4791:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4766:
4764:
4757:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4733:
4730:
4727:
4726:
4706:
4702:
4696:
4681:
4677:
4671:
4655:
4651:
4650:
4645:
4639:
4620:
4613:
4607:
4591:
4587:
4583:
4577:
4562:
4558:
4552:
4545:
4541:
4538:
4537:
4531:
4524:
4520:
4516:
4513:
4508:
4492:
4488:
4482:
4475:
4471:
4468:
4462:
4446:
4442:
4436:
4429:
4425:
4422:
4418:
4414:
4411:
4410:
4404:
4397:
4393:
4390:
4386:
4382:
4379:
4378:
4372:
4364:
4358:
4342:
4338:
4332:
4315:
4311:
4305:
4298:
4292:
4284:
4278:
4262:
4258:
4252:
4236:
4232:
4226:
4219:
4215:
4212:
4208:
4204:
4201:
4196:
4189:
4185:
4182:
4178:
4174:
4171:
4170:
4164:
4157:
4153:
4150:
4146:
4142:
4139:
4138:
4132:
4124:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4105:
4098:
4094:
4091:
4086:
4079:
4075:
4071:
4068:
4063:
4048:
4044:
4038:
4030:
4024:
4020:
4013:
4006:
4001:
3994:
3990:
3987:
3982:
3975:
3971:
3968:
3963:
3956:
3952:
3949:
3944:
3937:
3933:
3930:
3925:
3909:
3905:
3899:
3883:
3879:
3873:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3849:
3845:
3838:
3830:
3826:
3822:
3816:
3808:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3790:
3786:
3782:
3778:
3772:
3764:
3758:
3754:
3747:
3745:
3728:
3727:
3722:
3716:
3707:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3675:
3673:
3665:
3661:
3658:
3653:
3637:
3633:
3627:
3619:
3615:
3609:
3607:
3599:
3595:
3592:
3587:
3581:
3577:
3574:
3573:Page 11 Col 3
3569:
3562:
3558:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3544:
3539:
3532:
3528:
3525:
3520:
3514:
3510:
3507:
3501:
3494:
3490:
3487:
3481:
3474:
3470:
3467:
3462:
3455:
3451:
3448:
3442:
3436:
3432:
3429:
3423:
3416:
3410:
3404:
3398:
3392:
3388:
3385:
3379:
3372:
3371:0-8225-7146-3
3368:
3364:
3360:
3357:
3351:
3344:
3340:
3337:
3331:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3306:"Google Maps"
3301:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3283:
3278:
3271:
3267:
3264:
3259:
3252:
3248:
3245:
3240:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3224:1-57607-042-5
3221:
3217:
3213:
3210:
3205:
3198:
3194:
3191:
3186:
3179:
3175:
3172:
3167:
3158:
3154:
3147:
3131:
3127:
3120:
3112:
3106:
3102:
3101:
3096:
3090:
3083:
3079:
3076:
3071:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3041:
3026:
3022:
3016:
3008:
3002:
2994:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2974:
2972:
2963:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2944:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2905:
2886:
2882:
2875:
2869:
2862:
2850:
2846:
2840:
2832:
2826:
2819:
2804:
2800:
2793:
2786:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2770:1-57607-042-5
2767:
2763:
2759:
2756:
2751:
2735:
2731:
2724:
2722:
2717:
2704:
2701:
2697:
2692:
2688:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2669:
2665:
2654:
2644:
2637:
2632:
2625:
2620:
2613:
2608:
2601:
2596:
2589:
2584:
2577:
2572:
2565:
2560:
2557:
2550:
2545:
2542:
2535:
2530:
2523:
2518:
2511:
2506:
2502:
2501:Mandalay Hill
2495:
2490:
2483:
2478:
2477:
2468:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2454:
2453:Maubin Bridge
2451:
2448:
2444:
2441:
2438:
2434:
2431:
2428:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2415:
2412:
2409:
2405:
2402:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2371:
2368:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2348:
2343:
2336:
2332:
2327:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2237:
2228:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2209:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2190:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2175:
2169:
2166:
2156:
2154:
2149:
2147:
2143:
2138:
2135:
2130:
2126:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2085:Capacity (MW)
2084:
2083:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2005:
1999:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1967:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1948:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1929:Rakhine State
1926:
1925:Salween River
1921:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1896:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1873:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1853:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1831:Myitnge River
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1797:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1732:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1665:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1649:
1647:
1646:Gallus gallus
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1590:Eurasian coot
1587:
1583:
1579:
1574:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1528:
1523:
1514:
1512:
1508:
1507:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1493:
1486:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1467:
1464:
1460:
1449:
1447:
1443:
1442:rhododendrons
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1398:Bay of Bengal
1395:
1391:
1387:
1382:
1380:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1342:
1339:Although the
1337:
1330:
1325:
1316:
1307:
1305:
1300:
1298:
1294:
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1278:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1241:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1216:
1206:
1205:to the east.
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1148:Singu Plateau
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1126:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1111:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1050:
1048:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1014:. The modern
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
992:
990:
986:
985:Bay of Bengal
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
945:
940:
936:
926:
924:
922:
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910:
906:
902:
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895:
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884:
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872:
868:
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860:
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848:
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823:
819:
815:
811:
809:
789:
785:
780:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
758:Dulong River:
755:
751:
747:
743:
740:
737:
731:
728:
724:
721:
715:
711:
707:
702:
698:
694:
688:
684:
678:
674:
668:
665:
662:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
618:
613:
585:
579:
575:
571:
565:
562:
559:
557:
553:
549:
545:
539:
534:
506:
500:
497:
493:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
461:
455:
427:
421:
417:
414:
408:
405:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
380:
374:
346:
340:
336:
333:
327:
324:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
299:
293:
265:
259:
255:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
223:
218:
190:
184:
180:
176:
172:
167:
161:
158:
156:
153:
151:
148:
146:
143:
141:
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136:
133:
131:
128:
126:
123:
121:
118:
117:
115:
111:
105:
102:
100:
97:
95:
92:
90:
87:
85:
82:
80:
77:
76:
74:
70:
67:
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4755:
4709:. Retrieved
4704:
4695:
4683:. Retrieved
4679:
4670:
4658:. Retrieved
4654:the original
4647:
4638:
4626:. Retrieved
4619:the original
4606:
4594:. Retrieved
4590:the original
4576:
4564:. Retrieved
4560:
4551:
4535:
4530:
4507:
4497:22 September
4495:. Retrieved
4490:
4481:
4461:
4451:17 September
4449:. Retrieved
4435:
4408:
4403:
4376:
4371:
4345:. Retrieved
4341:the original
4331:
4318:. Retrieved
4314:the original
4304:
4296:
4291:
4267:17 September
4265:. Retrieved
4251:
4239:. Retrieved
4225:
4195:
4168:
4163:
4136:
4131:
4120:
4112:"Teak"
4104:
4085:
4062:
4050:. Retrieved
4046:
4037:
4018:
4012:
4000:
3981:
3962:
3943:
3924:
3912:. Retrieved
3907:
3898:
3886:. Retrieved
3881:
3872:
3847:
3843:
3837:
3828:
3824:
3821:Kottelat, M.
3815:
3788:
3784:
3771:
3752:
3731:. Retrieved
3724:
3715:
3688:
3684:
3652:
3640:. Retrieved
3626:
3586:
3568:
3538:
3519:
3500:
3480:
3461:
3441:
3422:
3409:
3397:
3378:
3350:
3330:
3318:. Retrieved
3309:
3300:
3293:vulcanologic
3277:
3258:
3239:
3204:
3185:
3166:
3156:
3146:
3134:. Retrieved
3130:the original
3119:
3099:
3089:
3070:
3058:. Retrieved
3054:the original
3049:
3040:
3028:. Retrieved
3024:
3015:
2982:
2959:
2943:
2918:
2914:
2904:
2892:. Retrieved
2885:the original
2880:
2868:
2860:
2855:21 September
2853:. Retrieved
2849:the original
2839:
2817:
2810:. Retrieved
2803:the original
2798:
2785:
2750:
2738:. Retrieved
2736:(in Chinese)
2733:
2702:
2691:
2469:, March 2003
2414:Minbu Bridge
2410:, March 2001
2386:, April 2008
2363:World War II
2352:
2242:
2210:
2191:
2179:hydrological
2174:Kachin State
2170:
2165:sociological
2162:
2150:
2139:
2125:Myitsone Dam
2122:
2116:, India and
2111:
2025:Khaunglanphu
1973:
1949:
1917:
1897:
1878:
1826:Shweli River
1821:Taping River
1806:Kachin State
1803:
1793:
1785:
1777:
1769:
1761:
1751:
1748:
1739:
1733:
1728:
1724:
1709:Bengal tiger
1700:
1692:
1684:
1676:
1666:
1656:
1650:
1645:
1637:
1629:
1621:
1613:
1610:Caspian tern
1605:
1593:
1581:
1575:
1541:consists of
1532:
1504:
1500:
1490:
1488:
1474:
1455:
1410:
1402:
1389:
1383:
1372:
1363:
1346:
1313:
1301:
1285:
1274:
1247:
1229:Yangon River
1218:
1160:
1145:
1107:
1088:The town of
1087:
1083:Myitsone Dam
1063:Kachin State
1056:
1044:
1041:Physiography
1028:
1003:
993:
989:Indian Ocean
976:
948:
942:
938:
932:
925:
921:Ganges shark
898:
887:
854:
830:
828:
805:
783:
778:
773:
770:Andaman Sea:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
496:Kachin State
416:Kachin State
335:Kachin State
18:
4705:Perspective
4441:"Aksyu.com"
4347:15 February
4320:15 February
4149:Kachin News
3484:Map on the
2349:(Yadanabon)
2284:Yenangyaung
2269:Kyaukmyaung
2202:rainforests
2159:Controversy
1992:N'Mai River
1800:Tributaries
1788:), and the
1685:C. porcinus
1616:), and the
1594:Fulica atra
1567:oxbow lakes
1555:cultivation
1535:tributaries
1461:-dominated
1431:forests of
1421:subtropical
1370:stone loach
1357:new species
1355:). Several
1302:Within the
1254:tributaries
1244:Hydrography
1187:Yenangyaung
1163:Kyaukmyaung
1071:Upper Burma
994:During the
768:2,210 km ⟶
709:Tributaries
607: /
561:Andaman Sea
528: /
449: /
368: /
323:N'Mai River
287: /
212: /
4763:Categories
4685:17 January
4628:17 January
4241:4 February
3691:: 106137.
3320:17 January
3124:Tint Tun.
3060:17 January
2921:(1): 121.
2713:References
2677:Ravi River
2331:Ava Bridge
2215:where the
2213:fault line
2194:inundation
2134:Asia World
2118:Bangladesh
2059:Length (m)
2033:Height (m)
1996:Tasang Dam
1974:Myanmar's
1754:sea turtle
1731:species).
1693:Sus scrofa
1425:rainforest
1423:evergreen
1394:euryhaline
1059:confluence
1020:Bago River
969:Achiravati
913:ecosystems
909:confluence
855:Ayeyarwady
843:pronounced
839:ဧရာဝတီမြစ်
786:56 km ⟶...
638:Basin size
595:95°14′27″E
592:15°51′19″N
434:27°44′48″N
404:Mali River
400:4th source
356:97°37′55″E
353:28°31′50″N
319:3rd source
272:28°45′57″N
243:2nd source
200:97°52′21″E
197:28°44′04″N
104:Ayeyarwady
27:ဧရာဝတီမြစ်
4711:6 October
4660:6 October
4596:6 October
4566:6 October
3914:17 August
3888:17 August
3733:18 August
3310:google.nl
3136:6 October
3001:cite book
2935:198780156
2447:Nyaungdon
2437:Nyaungdon
2374:Myitkyina
2249:Myitkyina
2225:magnitude
1935:. On the
1689:wild boar
1543:mangroves
1539:ecoregion
1466:ecoregion
1429:temperate
1417:Myitkyina
1349:ecoregion
1262:discharge
1250:monsoonal
1125:limestone
1098:Myitkyina
955:mount of
899:In 2007,
764:231 km ⟶
760:182 km ⟶
650:Discharge
576:, Myanmar
572:Ale-ywa,
516:97°30′0″E
513:25°42′0″N
494:Damphet,
418:, Myanmar
337:, Myanmar
275:97°45′1″E
120:Myitkyina
4732:Archived
4540:Archived
4515:Archived
4470:Archived
4445:Archived
4424:Archived
4413:Archived
4392:Archived
4381:Archived
4357:cite web
4277:cite web
4261:Archived
4235:Archived
4214:Archived
4203:Archived
4184:Archived
4173:Archived
4152:Archived
4141:Archived
4093:Archived
4070:Archived
4052:8 August
3989:Archived
3970:Archived
3951:Archived
3932:Archived
3831:: 80–99.
3807:27811706
3726:NBC News
3660:Archived
3636:Archived
3618:Archived
3594:Archived
3576:Archived
3557:Archived
3546:Archived
3527:Archived
3509:Archived
3489:Archived
3469:Archived
3450:Archived
3431:Archived
3387:Archived
3359:Archived
3339:Archived
3314:Archived
3295:ranking.
3285:Archived
3266:Archived
3247:Archived
3212:Archived
3193:Archived
3174:Archived
3097:(1997).
3078:Archived
3030:28 April
2825:cite web
2812:26 March
2758:Archived
2650:See also
2541:Mandalay
2392:between
2384:Mandalay
2314:Pantanaw
2309:Hinthada
2299:Nyaung-U
2274:Mandalay
2217:Eurasian
2183:sediment
2114:Thailand
2010:Myitsone
2007:Location
1956:Hinthada
1945:Tamanthi
1920:Hinthada
1905:girdling
1865:Mandalay
1855:Pulling
1836:Mu River
1810:alluvial
1717:wild dog
1586:Anatidae
1470:humidity
1381:remain.
1361:cyprinid
1293:Mandalay
1277:Mandalay
1258:glaciers
1237:alluvium
1221:Hinthada
1171:alluvial
1167:Dry Zone
1152:Holocene
1110:Mandalay
1094:monsoons
1067:glaciers
987:and the
953:elephant
944:Airāvatī
776:2,727 km
756:56 km ⟶
752:48 km ⟶
727:Mu River
437:97°2′5″E
160:Hinthada
130:Mandalay
84:Mandalay
57:Location
4209:on the
4179:(2008)
4119:(ed.).
3864:1787471
3785:Zootaxa
3693:Bibcode
3642:18 July
2985:. WWF.
2958:(ed.).
2740:5 March
2643:Sagaing
2474:Gallery
2398:Naung-U
2394:Pakokku
2335:Sagaing
2321:Bridges
2279:Sagaing
2264:Tagaung
1964:Bassein
1960:Kyangin
1941:Homalin
1909:sapwood
1814:valleys
1780:), the
1772:), the
1764:), the
1705:leopard
1687:), and
1608:), the
1571:streams
1563:marshes
1446:conifer
1353:endemic
1319:Ecology
1267:Sagaing
1248:Due to
1225:Pathein
1181:to the
1114:defiles
1104:Defiles
1053:Sources
1002:as the
981:fishing
973:Iravati
949:Erāvatī
939:Irāvatī
873:in the
859:Myanmar
835:Burmese
739:Myitnge
140:Pakokku
135:Sagaing
89:Sagaing
66:Myanmar
62:Country
4025:
3862:
3805:
3759:
3554:ICHARM
3369:
3230:
3222:
3107:
2989:
2933:
2894:3 July
2776:
2768:
2703:revatī
2556:Mingun
2467:Dedaye
2457:Maubin
2418:Magway
2221:Indian
2106:1,560
2028:Laiza
2022:Phizaw
2013:Chibwe
1990:, and
1913:Yangon
1889:canals
1881:Bamars
1727:, and
1721:otters
1719:, and
1669:mammal
1640:) and
1600:, the
1269:, the
1079:rapids
1029:After
1024:Yangon
774:Total:
712:
653:
630:Length
484:
246:
178:Source
150:Magway
113:Cities
94:Magway
79:Kachin
4622:(PDF)
4615:(PDF)
4115:. In
3860:JSTOR
3721:"MSN"
2954:. In
2931:S2CID
2888:(PDF)
2877:(PDF)
2806:(PDF)
2795:(PDF)
2700:Indic
2696:MLCTS
2683:Notes
2408:Chauk
2333:near
2294:Bagan
2289:Chauk
2259:Katha
2254:Bhamo
2103:2,700
2100:1,500
2097:1,400
2094:1,600
2091:2,800
2088:3,600
2019:Lakin
2016:Pashe
1952:Chauk
1885:India
1861:rafts
1729:Lutra
1565:with
1547:swamp
1413:Tibet
1392:), a
1304:basin
1289:Bamaw
1281:Prome
1191:Minbu
1156:magma
1136:Katha
1132:Mogok
1090:Bhamo
1075:Putao
961:Indra
957:Sakka
929:Names
883:Burma
863:N'mai
556:Mouth
145:Bagan
125:Bhamo
4713:2008
4687:2017
4662:2008
4630:2017
4598:2008
4568:2008
4499:2009
4453:2009
4363:link
4349:2010
4322:2010
4283:link
4269:2009
4243:2010
4054:2009
4023:ISBN
3916:2009
3890:2009
3803:PMID
3789:4178
3757:ISBN
3735:2010
3644:2009
3367:ISBN
3322:2017
3228:ISBN
3220:ISBN
3138:2008
3105:ISBN
3062:2017
3032:2024
3007:link
2987:ISBN
2896:2019
2857:2010
2831:link
2814:2017
2774:ISBN
2766:ISBN
2742:2021
2427:Pyay
2396:and
2345:The
2329:The
2304:Pyay
2219:and
2039:47.5
1988:Mali
1970:Dams
1962:and
1931:and
1901:Teak
1857:teak
1734:The
1551:silt
1497:teak
1459:teak
1437:pine
1435:and
1327:The
1297:Pyay
1279:and
1195:Pyay
1193:and
1140:lava
1016:Pegu
1012:Bago
1004:Pegu
965:deva
959:and
935:Pali
867:Mali
865:and
829:The
155:Pyay
99:Bago
4326:and
3852:doi
3793:doi
3701:doi
3689:423
2979:WWF
2923:doi
2465:at
2455:at
2445:at
2435:at
2425:at
2416:at
2406:at
2355:Ava
2206:WWF
2065:220
2062:152
2036:152
1796:).
1679:),
1433:oak
1069:of
1037:'.
1018:or
941:or
4765::
4703:.
4678:.
4646:.
4584:.
4559:.
4489:.
4443:.
4359:}}
4355:{{
4279:}}
4275:{{
4259:.
4233:.
4076:,
4045:.
3906:.
3880:.
3858:.
3848:95
3846:.
3829:65
3827:.
3801:.
3787:.
3783:.
3743:^
3723:.
3699:.
3687:.
3683:.
3671:^
3605:^
3312:.
3308:.
3291:–
3226:,
3155:,
3048:.
3023:.
3003:}}
2999:{{
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2929:.
2919:59
2917:.
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2879:.
2859:.
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2823:{{
2816:.
2797:.
2772:,
2720:^
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2144:,
2120:.
2080:–
2054:–
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