1075:
1023:
690:
645:
712:
616:
587:
527:
469:
558:
498:
45:
1110:
70:
448:
202:
1301:
Koepfli, K.-P.; Pollinger, J.; Godinho, R.; Robinson, J.; Lea, A.; Hendricks, S.; Schweizer, R. M.; Thalmann, O.; Silva, P.; Fan, Z.; Yurchenko, A. A.; Dobrynin, P.; Makunin, A.; Cahill, J. A.; Shapiro, B.; Álvares, F.; Brito, J. C.; Geffen, E.; Leonard, J. A.; Helgen, K. M.; Johnson, W. E.; O’Brien,
1248:
Lindblad-Toh, K.; Wade, C. M.; Mikkelsen, T. S.; Karlsson, E. K.; Jaffe, D. B.; Kamal, M. Jdjndnd; Clamp, M.; Chang, J. L.; Kulbokas, E. J.; Zody, M. C.; Mauceli, E.; Xie, X.; Breen, M.; Wayne, R. K.; Ostrander, E. A.; Ponting, C. P.; Galibert, F.; Smith, D. R.; Dejong, P. J.; Kirkness, E.; Alvarez,
1149:. It is frequently used as a literary device to illustrate desolation, loneliness, and abandonment, with reference to its habit of living in the ruins of former cities and other areas abandoned by humans. It is called "wild dog" in several translations of the Bible. In the
291:, and their large feet and fused leg bones give them a physique well-suited for long-distance running, capable of maintaining speeds of 16 km/h (10 mph) for extended periods of time. Jackals are
826:, who embraced the separate genus theory. Heller's names and the designations he gave to various jackal species and subspecies live on in current taxonomy, although the genus has been changed from
318:. The territory may be large enough to hold some young adults, which stay with their parents until they establish their own territories. Jackals may occasionally assemble in small
986:
The intermediate size and shape of the
Ethiopian wolf has at times led it to be regarded as a jackal, thus it has also been called the "red jackal" or the "Simien jackal".
1518:
Zrzavy, J.; Ricankova, V. (2004). "Phylogeny of recent
Canidae (Mammalia, Carnivora): relative reliability and the utility of morphological and molecular datasets".
1043:. It is the most aggressive of the jackals, being known to attack animal prey many times its own weight, and it has more quarrelsome intrapack relationships.
1145:
and coyotes, jackals are often depicted as clever sorcerers in the myths and legends of their regions. They are mentioned roughly 14 times in the
1436:
Wurster-Hill, D. H.; Centerwall, W. R. (1982). "The interrelationships of chromosome banding patterns in canids, mustelids, hyena, and felids".
1087:
It primarily resides in wooded areas, unlike other jackal species. It is the least aggressive of the jackals, rarely preying on large mammals.
807:
could justify a subdivision of that genus. In practice, Cabrera chose the undivided-genus alternative and referred to the jackals as
942:
indistinguishable from each other, and from the dhole and the
African hunting dog. The two African jackals are shown to be the most
1685:
932:), which was once thought to be an African branch of the golden jackal. As they possess 78 chromosomes, all members of the genus
1473:"A review on the Late Villafranchian medium-sized canid Canis arnensis based on the evidence from Poggio Rosso (Tuscany, Italy)"
1354:
1669:
1640:
1420:
1839:
1867:
1029:
1249:
P.; Biagi, T.; Brockman, W.; Butler, J.; Chin, C. W.; Cook, A.; Cuff, J.; Daly, M. J.; Decaprio, D.; et al. (2005).
1862:
1797:
1737:
1121:
The largest and most widespread of the jackals, it is more closely related to wolves than to
African jackal species.
1022:
1605:
Viranta, S., Atickem, A., Werdelin, L., & Stenseth, N. C. (2017). Rediscovering a forgotten canid species.
1074:
1166:
stories, the jackal is mentioned as wily and wise. In
Bengali tantrik tradition, they represent the goddess
837:
The wolf-like canids are a group of large carnivores that are genetically closely related. They all have 78
1872:
952:
arrived in
Mediterranean Europe 1.9 million years ago and is probably the ancestor of modern jackals.
1230:
788:
1472:
275:, all jackals are opportunistic omnivores, predators of small to medium-sized animals and proficient
1153:, Isaiah 13:21 refers to 'doleful creatures', which some commentators suggest are either jackals or
1772:
69:
20:
1757:
689:
644:
711:
615:
1632:
1625:
1408:
586:
526:
468:
1555:"Phylogeny of the large extinct South American Canids (Mammalia, Carnivora, Canidae) using a
943:
557:
497:
1304:"Genome-wide Evidence Reveals that African and Eurasian Golden Jackals Are Distinct Species"
971:
has led to suggestions that the two
African jackals should be assigned to different genera,
1484:
1315:
1262:
1081:
1035:
The most lightly built jackal, once considered to be the oldest living member of the genus
1715:
44:
8:
1178:
1124:
1063:
1012:
901:
893:
706:
684:
303:
299:
238:
230:
183:
1692:
1488:
1319:
1266:
1206:
1588:
1535:
1182:
322:, for example, to scavenge a carcass, but they normally hunt either alone or in pairs.
307:
302:
pair, which defends its territory from other pairs by vigorously chasing intruders and
246:
64:
225:. While the word "jackal" has historically been used for many canines of the subtribe
1793:
1733:
1665:
1660:
The behavior guide to
African mammals: including hoofed mammals, carnivores, primates
1636:
1580:
1575:
1554:
1531:
1500:
1453:
1416:
1389:
1385:
1333:
1280:
760:
756:
226:
161:
1592:
1539:
1496:
1358:
1857:
1570:
1527:
1492:
1445:
1381:
1323:
1270:
1251:"Genome sequence, comparative analysis and haplotype structure of the domestic dog"
1150:
917:
796:
640:
339:
176:
1827:
1753:
1109:
1174:
1090:
961:
948:
885:
582:
151:
1658:
1328:
1303:
787:"jackal", but his theory had little immediate impact on taxonomy at the time.
229:, in modern use it most commonly refers to three species: the closely related
1851:
1504:
1406:
1115:
1099:
877:
823:
800:
552:
319:
250:
52:
1584:
1337:
1284:
1186:
1162:
925:
522:
280:
190:
1457:
1393:
1225:
1833:
770:
330:
The
English word "jackal" dates back to 1600 and derives from the French
292:
258:
1275:
1250:
1765:
Enracinement et
Ouverture — "Plaidoyer pour le dialogue interreligieux"
1128:
838:
1449:
939:
861:
276:
269:
121:
81:
1055:
355:
101:
1413:
Documenting Domestication:New Genetic and Archaeological Paradigms
946:
members of this clade, indicating the clade's origin from Africa.
1247:
1170:. It is said she appears as jackals when meat is offered to her.
1051:
792:
288:
222:
214:
141:
131:
1300:
1154:
869:
493:
284:
218:
111:
91:
1768:
1146:
1047:
934:
909:
782:
611:
447:
315:
311:
272:
27:
803:
of the jackals and its corresponding absence in the rest of
1372:
Wayne, R. (1993). "Molecular evolution of the dog family".
1167:
967:
464:
1792:
edited by David Macdonald, Oxford University Press, 2001;
1407:
Robert K. Wayne; Jennifer A. Leonard; Carles Vila (2006).
777:(1815), to place these species into a new separate genus,
201:
1142:
854:
442:
1471:
Bartolini Lucenti, Saverio; Rook, Lorenzo (2016-11-01).
1211:
The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
1517:
1302:
S. J.; Van Valkenburgh, B.; Wayne, R. K. (2015-08-17).
1181:
posits jackals were among the first animals created by
1758:"Mythe de la création du monde selon les sages sereer"
1435:
759:
between the extant wolf-like clade of canids based on
26:"Thos" redirects here. For the beast in heraldry, see
1470:
348:
1809:
The Velvet Claw: A Natural History of the Carnivores
1415:. University of California Press. pp. 279–295.
1718:, classic.net.bible.org; accessed 26 February 2015.
1657:
1624:
1409:"Chapter 19:Genetic Analysis of Dog Domestication"
1849:
1622:
257:) of south-central Europe and Asia. The African
1805:, by Mark and Delia Owens, Mariner Books, 1992.
1243:
1241:
795:, questioned whether or not the presence of a
1546:
1296:
1294:
769:Similarities between jackals and coyotes led
365:
342:
1727:
1238:
1429:
1291:
1136:
791:, in his 1932 monograph on the mammals of
200:
43:
1817:, by David Alderton, Facts on File, 2004.
1815:Foxes, Wolves, and Wild Dogs of the World
1574:
1371:
1327:
1274:
265:) was also formerly considered a jackal.
1552:
1400:
1365:
924:). The latest recognized member is the
781:, named after the classical Greek word
1850:
1811:, by David MacDonald, BBC Books, 1992.
1349:
1347:
1752:
1655:
1649:
1046:Southern Africa and eastern coast of
1616:
1678:
1344:
343:
298:Their most common social unit is a
13:
1830:at the African Wildlife Foundation
1783:
1664:. University of California Press.
1223:
14:
1884:
1821:
1127:, Middle East, western Asia, and
1576:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2009.00298.x
1532:10.1111/j.0300-3256.2004.00152.x
1108:
1073:
1039:, it is now placed in the genus
1021:
975:for the side-striped jackal and
710:
688:
643:
614:
585:
556:
525:
496:
467:
446:
295:, most active at dawn and dusk.
68:
1790:The New Encyclopedia of Mammals
1746:
1730:Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide
1721:
1709:
1599:
1553:Privosti, Francisco J. (2010).
1511:
1497:10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.09.005
979:for the black-backed jackal or
168:Species referred to as jackals
1728:Roshen Dalal (18 April 2014).
1464:
1438:Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics
1217:
1199:
822:theory was revived in 1914 by
283:are adapted for hunting small
1:
1841:Jackals of the African Crater
1411:. In Melinda A. Zeder (ed.).
1192:
773:, in the third volume of his
279:. Their long legs and curved
1691:. Canids.org. Archived from
1386:10.1016/0168-9525(93)90122-X
775:Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte
373:The extant wolf-like canids
325:
7:
1868:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1732:. Penguin UK. p. 189.
1231:Online Etymology Dictionary
1185:, the supreme deity of the
955:The paraphyletic nature of
841:. The group includes genus
349:
10:
1889:
1477:Quaternary Science Reviews
989:
783:
757:Phylogenetic relationships
366:Taxonomy and relationships
25:
18:
16:Several species of canines
1863:Mammals described in 1758
1623:Macdonald, David (1992).
1329:10.1016/j.cub.2015.06.060
703:
681:
674:
667:
638:
609:
580:
549:
520:
491:
462:
440:
433:
426:
419:
412:
405:
398:
391:
384:
268:While they do not form a
199:
172:
167:
65:Scientific classification
63:
51:
42:
37:
1773:Konrad Adenauer Stiftung
1656:Estes, Richard (1992).
1137:Folklore and literature
354:, from or cognate with
21:Jackal (disambiguation)
853:. The members are the
362:meaning "the howler".
334:, itself from Turkish
1686:"Side-Striped Jackal"
1631:. BBC Books. p.
858:(C. lupus familiaris)
1093:and southern Africa
19:For other uses, see
1873:Mammal common names
1803:Cry of the Kalahari
1756:(23–24 June 2009),
1489:2016QSRv..151...58B
1320:2015CBio...25.2158K
1276:10.1038/nature04338
1267:2005Natur.438..803L
1125:Southeastern Europe
1064:Side-striped jackal
1018:Lupulella mesomelas
1013:Black-backed jackal
1000:Binomial authority
902:side-striped jackal
894:black-backed jackal
707:Black-backed jackal
685:Side-striped jackal
239:side-striped jackal
235:Lupulella mesomelas
231:black-backed jackal
184:Lupulella mesomelas
1374:Trends in Genetics
1361:on April 16, 2008.
247:sub-Saharan Africa
1671:978-0-520-08085-0
1642:978-0-563-20844-0
1450:10.1159/000131806
1422:978-0-520-24638-6
1261:(7069): 803–819.
1224:Harper, Douglas.
1134:
1133:
1069:Lupulella adustus
767:
766:
761:mitochondrial DNA
750:
749:
741:
740:
732:
731:
723:
722:
656:
655:
627:
626:
598:
597:
569:
568:
538:
537:
509:
508:
480:
479:
304:marking landmarks
208:
207:
1880:
1777:
1776:
1775:, pp. 45–50
1762:
1754:Thiaw, Issa laye
1750:
1744:
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1725:
1719:
1713:
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1706:
1704:
1703:
1697:
1690:
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1603:
1597:
1596:
1578:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1468:
1462:
1461:
1444:(1–2): 178–192.
1433:
1427:
1426:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1357:. Archived from
1351:
1342:
1341:
1331:
1298:
1289:
1288:
1278:
1245:
1236:
1235:
1221:
1215:
1214:
1203:
1151:King James Bible
1112:
1078:
1077:
1025:
994:
993:
959:with respect to
918:African wild dog
786:
785:
714:
692:
677:
676:
670:
669:
647:
641:African wild dog
618:
589:
560:
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243:Lupulella adusta
204:
177:Lupulella adusta
73:
72:
47:
35:
34:
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1887:
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1786:
1784:Further reading
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1627:The Velvet Claw
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1423:
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1353:
1352:
1345:
1314:(16): 2158–65.
1308:Current Biology
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5:
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1846:
1845:
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1836:at A-Z Animals
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1823:
1822:External links
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1598:
1569:(5): 456–481.
1557:total evidence
1545:
1526:(4): 311–333.
1510:
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1364:
1343:
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1175:Serer religion
1160:In the Indian
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949:Canis arnensis
940:karyologically
886:Ethiopian wolf
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1798:0-19-850823-9
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1767:(in French),
1766:
1759:
1755:
1749:
1741:
1739:9788184752779
1735:
1731:
1724:
1717:
1712:
1698:on 2009-02-20
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1380:(6): 218–24.
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1179:creation myth
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1100:Golden jackal
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922:Lycaon pictus
919:
915:
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907:
903:
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891:
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878:golden jackal
875:
871:
867:
863:
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856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
835:
833:
829:
825:
824:Edmund Heller
821:
816:
814:
810:
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802:
799:on the upper
798:
794:
790:
789:Angel Cabrera
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1187:Serer people
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1163:Panchatantra
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1105:Canis aureus
1104:
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1011:
1003:Description
985:
980:
976:
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954:
947:
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926:African wolf
921:
914:Cuon alpinus
913:
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331:
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281:canine teeth
270:monophyletic
267:
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255:Canis aureus
254:
242:
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210:
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191:Canis aureus
189:
182:
175:
57:Canis aureus
56:
32:
1607:BMC Zoology
930:C. lupaster
890:C. simensis
839:chromosomes
811:instead of
771:Lorenz Oken
523:Golden wolf
310:with their
306:around the
293:crepuscular
259:golden wolf
138:Subfamily:
1852:Categories
1844:at PBS.org
1702:2010-03-19
1563:Cladistics
1193:References
1129:South Asia
983:for both.
906:C. adustus
874:C. latrans
300:monogamous
277:scavengers
249:, and the
217:native to
158:Subtribe:
1559:approach"
1520:Zool. Scr
1505:0277-3791
1483:: 58–71.
1082:Sundevall
1041:Lupulella
981:Lupulella
977:Lupulella
973:Schaeffia
882:C. aureus
862:gray wolf
465:Gray wolf
326:Etymology
308:territory
122:Carnivora
88:Kingdom:
82:Eukaryota
1716:"Jackal"
1593:86650539
1585:34875763
1540:84733263
1338:26234211
1285:16341006
1226:"jackal"
1207:"jackal"
1116:Linnaeus
1056:Ethiopia
1030:Schreber
997:Species
866:C. lupus
797:cingulum
356:Sanskrit
289:reptiles
128:Family:
112:Mammalia
102:Chordata
98:Phylum:
92:Animalia
78:Domain:
1858:Jackals
1834:Jackals
1613:(1), 6.
1485:Bibcode
1458:7151489
1394:8337763
1316:Bibcode
1263:Bibcode
1118:, 1758
1091:Central
1084:, 1847
1052:Somalia
1032:, 1775
990:Species
916:), and
818:Oken's
793:Morocco
360:śṛgāla-
350:shaghāl
340:Persian
285:mammals
223:Eurasia
211:Jackals
148:Tribe:
142:Caninae
132:Canidae
118:Order:
108:Class:
38:Jackal
1828:Jackal
1796:
1736:
1668:
1639:
1591:
1583:
1538:
1503:
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1392:
1355:"None"
1336:
1283:
1255:Nature
1155:hyenas
1054:, and
1006:Range
962:Lycaon
870:coyote
851:Lycaon
849:, and
801:molars
494:Coyote
358:शृगाल
332:chacal
237:) and
227:canina
219:Africa
215:canids
162:Canina
152:Canini
1769:Dakar
1761:(PDF)
1696:(PDF)
1689:(PDF)
1589:S2CID
1536:S2CID
1147:Bible
1143:foxes
1141:Like
1048:Kenya
1037:Canis
957:Canis
944:basal
935:Canis
910:dhole
843:Canis
832:Canis
809:Canis
805:Canis
612:Dhole
336:çakal
320:packs
316:feces
312:urine
273:clade
245:) of
28:theow
1794:ISBN
1734:ISBN
1666:ISBN
1637:ISBN
1581:PMID
1501:ISSN
1454:PMID
1417:ISBN
1390:PMID
1334:PMID
1281:PMID
1183:Roog
1177:and
1173:The
1168:Kali
968:Cuon
965:and
938:are
868:),
847:Cuon
828:Thos
820:Thos
813:Thos
779:Thos
344:شغال
314:and
221:and
213:are
1633:256
1571:doi
1528:doi
1493:doi
1481:151
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1382:doi
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1271:doi
1259:438
908:),
900:),
892:),
884:),
876:),
855:dog
830:to
784:θώς
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