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for the New York import/export trading concern. Douglas urged Phelps Dodge to option the
Detroit Copper Co. ($ 75,000) and to purchase the Atlanta claim outright. Asked if he would manage operations in the West as a representative of Phelps Dodge, he agreed. Douglas was given the choice of a flat fee or a ten per cent interest in the property for his services, of which he chose the latter, a decision that subsequently made him a fortune.
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757:. This institution pursued the cause which had been taken up by his father, a pioneer in the treatment of mental health in Quebec. Douglas' donations helped keep the hospital alive in the institution's early years. Originally called the "Protestant Hospital for the Insane", the institution took on the name of Douglas Hospital in 1965 as a tribute to James Douglas Jr. and his father.
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Sonora Mexico, and the United Globe–Old
Dominion mines at Globe Arizona. In 1905, the partnership purchased the vast coal lands of Dawson, New Mexico and organized the Stag Canyon Fuel Co. He was made president of each of the operating companies by the Phelps Dodge partners. Importantly, he recruited talented young engineers, including his sons James and Walter, Dr.
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furnace in 1897. During the early 1870s, he traveled to copper mines in Chile and Ore Knob, North
Carolina to introduce the Hunt & Douglas process. In 1874, he introduced an improvement on the Hunt-Douglas process at J. Oscar Stewart's quartz mill in Georgetown, Colorado to also recover silver.
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of coppers and devised what is known as the "Hunt-Douglas" process (first patented 1869) for extracting copper from its ores. Douglas was also the inventor of several other improvements in the mining industry, consisting of the invention for calcining ores (1884), a furnace for calcining ores (1898),
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Douglas was dedicated to investigating the effects of radiation on cancer following the treatment of his daughter in
England. In 1911, to devise a method to more cheaply produce radium, he directed the Phelps Dodge research lab under chemist George Van Arsdale to experiment with various processes to
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mine, the latter's bonanza orebody having been opened by a San
Francisco firm two years previously. Only a day's travel from Morenci, Douglas visited the other claim, then looked around the tight confines of Mule Canyon. Adjacent the Copper Queen was the Atlanta claim, which Douglas also reported on
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Corporation, with each of the subsidiary companies becoming operating divisions. Douglas became CEO with son Walter as president, and helped transform the corporation into a
Fortune 500 company. He began reducing his business commitments and delved into philanthropy more until his death in 1918, at
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Douglas' patents attracted attention in the United States, and in 1875 he quit his teaching post to work as superintendent for the
Chemical Copper Company, Phoenixville, near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, then a major center of the chemical industry. In 1883, after the Phoenixville works burned down,
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In 1885, Douglas helped negotiate the purchase of the Copper Queen for Phelps Dodge after the
Atlanta and Copper Queen both hit the Atlanta ore body, resulting in the formation of the Copper Queen Consolidated Mining Company, with Douglas as president and general manager. Under Douglas, the Copper
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In the late 1880s early 90s, with the success of the Copper Queen and backing of Phelps Dodge partners, Dr
Douglas acquired for them additional property and built up other spectacular copper mines, including the Detroit Copper Company at Morenci Arizona, the Moctezuma Copper Company at Nacozari,
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His deep interest in transportation and mining were united in an essay he wrote in 1885 on "Historical and
Geographical Features of the Rocky Mountain Railroads" which detailed the geological features of the land near the Union Pacific, Central Pacific, Denver and Rio Grand, Southern Pacific,
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With the passing of the senior members of the Phelps Dodge partnership, the firm was dissolved and replaced in 1908 with Phelps Dodge & Company, a holding company of all the subsidiary properties. Douglas became the first president. This was reorganized in 1917 as the
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he made his last permanent move, to the New York City area to be closer to the financial hub. During this period, he also performed mining consultant work, which took him to mining camps across the far West. In 1880, Douglas was recruited by Professor
810:, Mexico, honored Dr. Douglas by enacting an ordinance designating the Municipal Auditorium to be known as "James Douglas". This resolution was adopted as a posthumous tribute in memory of Dr. James Douglas on the 100th anniversary of his death.
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out of a financial crisis with approximately a million dollars from his own pocket, Douglas also established the first chair in Canadian and Colonial History there in 1910. He also financed many libraries, such as the library of the
615:, and the rails were extended to that property, as well from their south of the border properties at Nacozari in 1902. Again unsatisfied with freight rates offered by the big railroads, a line extension was pushed to
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This interest in mining and geology eventually supplanted his interest in medicine and Douglas embarked on a third career. In the 1860s, his father's financial fiasco investing in the Harvey Hill copper mine,
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led him to a discovery that was to change his life. The Harvey Hill operation failed though their process worked. Together, they elaborated a patent for the "Hunt and Douglas" process of extracting
483:, brought to Douglas the opportunity to save the family fortune by finding a way to make the mine profitable (it never was). In 1869, Douglas' scientific experiments with the assistance of Dr.
588:, and Charles E. Mills, to manage the expanding business. When the Copper Queen company built a new smelter in the flats east of Bisbee, the founders of the adjacent Mexican border town named
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727:(which would become known as Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center) for the endowment of ten beds for clinical research work, and the equipment for an X-ray plant and clinical laboratory.
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659:. Walter Douglas followed in his father's footsteps as manager of the Copper Queen, then president and finally CEO of Phelps Dodge. James S. Douglas Jr.'s son (Dr. Douglas' grandson)
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annually awards the James Douglas Gold Medal in his memory. His writings on the copper industry are voluminous, He was an advocate of the free exchange of scientific information.
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The Golden Spike: A Centennial Remembrance (1969). This book reprints the essay as well an essay written by Lewis W. Douglas, in appreciation of his grandfather, Dr. Douglas.
692:, where interest from his donations is still used to purchase books. He had built and supported libraries in each of the Phelps Dodge major mining camps and smelter towns.
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Douglas, James. (1885). Historical and Geographical Features of the Rocky Mountain Railroads. Journal of the American Geographical Society of New York, 299–342.
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466:, and later became the youngest president in the history of the Society. There, he presented numerous lectures to the Society's members, the first on Egyptian
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was elected U.S. Congressman representing Arizona, served within President Roosevelt's administration, and later was appointed Ambassador to Great Britain.
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Queen Mine in Bisbee, Arizona Territory, became one of the top copper producing mines in the world. Its former headquarters office (built 1896) is now the
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from its ore. Although Douglas had no formal education in chemistry, he was considered competent enough to fill the Chair of Chemistry at his hometown's
346:, was a surgeon and manager of the Beauport Lunatic Asylum. His mother, Elizabeth Ferguson, was also a native of Scotland. James Douglas graduated from
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as a favor for Phelps Dodge and Company. While working for Chemical Copper, Douglas had opportunity to view fabulously rich specimens from a mine in
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283:. Douglas saved many of the best mineral specimens from the Copper Queen for his personal collection. His family later donated many of them to the
603:), Douglas led in the construction of mine railroad branches from 1888. Originally the Arizona and South Eastern Railroad, the line went first to
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On a quest for ever cheaper freight rates for materials, along with outgoing copper and upset with those offered by the two present railroads (
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a process for extracting copper from cupriferous nickel ore (1892), a process for separating and recovering copper (1896), and an improved
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in less than one minute. The elder Douglas transmitted his thirst for adventure to his son, taking him on numerous expeditions to
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1077:""The Ingenious Community: Georgetown, Colorado, and the Evolution of Western American Silver Mining and Metallurgy, 1864-1895""
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with the intent of becoming a minister but was never ordained. For several years he served as professor of chemistry at
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and a connection with the AT&SF. Unsatisfied with their service, the road pushed onward to a link with the SP at
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Bulletin 104 – U.S. Bureau of Mines; Extraction and Recovery of Radium, Uranium and Vanadium from Carnotite
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Corporation funded the construction of the James Douglas Memorial Building for Mines and Metallurgy at the
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James Douglas initially chose a different career from his father, studying to become a minister in the
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He was a member of a number of technical or scientific societies and served twice as president of the
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1223:"The Copper Queen Consolidated Mining Company 1885–1917: A History of the Company and its Employees""
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1491:. York, Pennsylvania: American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers, Inc. p. 110.
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984:. CIHM/ICMH Microfiche; no. 02746 (reprint ed.). New York: American Philosophical Society.
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Douglas, James (1885). "Historical and Geographical Features of the Rocky Mountain Railroads".
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at Tucumcari New Mexico and Southern Pacific Lines at Tucson Arizona, via El Paso and Douglas.
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398:. He had earned the reputation of being the fastest surgeon in town, capable of performing an
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795:. Dr. Douglas also endowed a lectureship at the University of Arizona, Tucson, and in 1940
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Robison, R. (June 2000). "American radium engenders telecurie therapy during World War I".
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Notes on the Development of Phelps, Dodge & Co.'s Copper and Railroad Interests, 1906
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1177:""The Characteristics and Conditions of Technical Progress of the Nineteenth Century""
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The Influence of the Railroads of the United States and Canada on the Mineral Industry
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and philanthropist, joined forces to supply radium in the US. In partnership with the
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from these journeys, selling them to museums in North America. One of these, sold in
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Douglas also donated to several medical causes. In 1912 Douglas gave $ 100,000 to
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378:. In 1875, he moved to the United States to take charge of the copper works at
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while studying towards a career in medicine. He worked as a librarian at the
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The Smithsonian display of Copper Queen minerals from Dr. Douglas' collection
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and heritage. He wrote several books on the subject in his lifetime, namely
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Atlantic and Pacific, Northern Pacific, and the Canadian Pacific railroads.
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of Yale (and stockholder in the Chemical Copper Company), to report on the
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With Thomas Sterry Hunt, Douglas was involved with many experiments in the
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159:
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Vision & Enterprise, Exploring the History of Phelps Dodge Corporation
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1917:
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Directory of the American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers
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1385:(1 ed.). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. p.
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James Douglas was always known as Dr. Douglas or Prof. Douglas. His son,
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Improvements in Extracting Silver, Gold and other Metals from their Ores
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Dedication for the Douglas Memorial Building for Mining and Metallurgy
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New England and New France—Contrasts and Parallels in Colonial History
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Journals and Reminiscences of James Douglas, M. D., edited by his Son
904:"Prisoners, Students and Thinkers: James Douglas Jr. – Morrin Centre"
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American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers
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1012:. Vol. Patent #151, 763. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Patent Office.
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611:. In 1900 Phelps Dodge commissioned a smelter at the new town of
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born mining engineer and businessman who introduced a number of
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and mummies, and later papers on mining and geological issues.
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on 4 November 1837. His father James Douglas Sr., a native of
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and amassed a fortune through the copper mining industry of
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North American Institute of Mining and Mechanical Engineers
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department and lay the foundation in the United States for
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Transactions of the American Institute of Mining Engineers
1039:""Improved Processes of Extracting Copper from Its Ores""
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Douglas, J., Hunt, T.S. and Stewart, J.O. (9 June 1874).
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1307:. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. pp. passim.
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Journal of the American Geographical Society of New York
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Throughout this time, Douglas maintained an interest in
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in 1905, establishing a 750-mile rail link between the
418:, was recently (when?) discovered to be the corpse of
950:. Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto. p. 24.
935:. Arizona Historical Society. November 2005. MS 1031.
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In 1913 Douglas donated nearly a million dollars of
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Canadian Independence, Old France in the New World,
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1056:Culver, William (2016). "James Douglas in Chile".
655:. His Jerome mansion is open to the public as the
394:-born father, James Douglas, was a member of the
1156:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. p. 249 passim.
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883:Journals and Reminiscences of James Douglas, M.D.
825:Association for the Protection of the Adirondacks
579:Douglas, Arizona and the Phelps Dodge Corporation
410:in the mid-19th century. He brought back several
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844:American Academy of Political and Social Science
666:
701:extract radium from carnotite. Douglas and Dr.
458:In the 1860s, Douglas helped his father at the
326:before and after the turn of the 20th century.
1477:(Tucson: University of Arizona Bulletin, 1940)
619:by 1904. In 1901 the line incorporated as the
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1869:
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848:The Blue Pencil Club of the State of New York
1331:(Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1940)
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1195:Independent: A Biography of Lewis W. Douglas
1022:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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865:Untechnical Addresses on Technical Subjects
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16:Mining engineer and businessman (1837–1918)
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133:
1298:
1279:"History of The Moctezuma Copper Company"
1277:Williams Jr., John S. (1 February 1922).
1193:Robert Paul Browder and Thomas G. Smith,
929:"Dr. James Douglas Collection, 1963–1935"
852:
771:
690:Literary and Historical Society of Quebec
464:Literary and Historical Society of Quebec
354:in 1858 and continued his studies at the
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1487:Office of the Secretary (9 April 1921).
1413:. Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
1345:. Bisbee, Arizona: Frontera House Press.
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290:
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2728:Canadian emigrants to the United States
1554:Dr. James Douglas Collection, 1863–1935
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1340:
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1208:"Bisbee Mining & Historical Museum"
1197:(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1986), p. 7
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302:(4 November 1837 – 25 June 1918) was a
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1549:James Douglas and the Douglas Hospital
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1124:
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820:American Institute of Mining Engineers
778:American Institute of Mining Engineers
730:In 1915 Dr. Douglas, working with Dr.
640:his home in Spuyten Durvil, New York.
529:Phelps Dodge and the Copper Queen Mine
2703:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
1857:
1606:
1379:Parsons, Charles L. (November 1915).
1074:
569:Bisbee Mining & Historical Museum
334:James Walter Douglas Jr. was born in
1883:
1356:Van Arsdale, George (20 June 1914).
1154:A History of Phelps Dodge, 1834–1950
1098:Compton, Claude (22 February 1930).
833:Institute of Mining & Metallurgy
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
2753:Canadian people of Scottish descent
1283:Historia de Nacozari de GarcĂa, A.C
13:
1633:Chancellors and Principals of the
238:James Douglas (father) (1800–1886)
14:
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2738:Canadian male non-fiction writers
1499:
625:El Paso and Northeastern Railroad
621:El Paso and Southwestern Railroad
521:In 1890, he hired the young Dr.
442:from 1856-1858, and later at the
2698:19th-century Canadian historians
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1127:"Heap Leaching-Past and Present"
859:Memoir of T. Sterry Hunt, F.R.S.
261:
58:"James Douglas" businessman
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34:needs additional citations for
2743:Canadian mining businesspeople
1674:James Armstrong Richardson Sr.
1635:Queen's University at Kingston
1125:Hudson, Albert (28 May 1922).
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1049:
1030:
981:A Memoir of Thomas Sterry Hunt
971:
967:. New York: Privately Printed.
954:
939:
921:
896:
780:, 1899–1900. Since 1922, the
198:University of Halle-Wittenberg
1:
1362:Mining & Scientific Press
889:
806:In 2018, the City Council of
667:Publications and philanthropy
1358:""Reduction of Radium Ores""
789:Queen's University, Kingston
768:, helping medical research.
352:Kingston, Province of Canada
275:Malachite specimen from the
7:
2763:John Fritz Medal recipients
871:Old France in the New World
386:Douglas' father's influence
240:Elizabeth Ferguson (mother)
10:
2794:
2718:Businesspeople from Quebec
1558:Arizona Historical Society
1544:Jerome State Historic Park
1299:Schwantes, Carlos (2000).
657:Jerome State Historic Park
380:Phoenixville, Pennsylvania
2773:Province of Canada people
2748:Canadian mining engineers
2708:American mining engineers
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2365:
2204:
2040:
1891:
1844:
1727:
1641:
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1100:""Heap Leaching Process""
725:General Memorial Hospital
718:National Radium Institute
683:. In addition to bailing
507:Mining-related inventions
426:Initial career – ministry
396:Royal College of Surgeons
260:
255:
244:
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215:
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180:, New York, United States
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2778:Writers from Quebec City
2758:Canadian philanthropists
2713:Anglophone Quebec people
2141:Clarence Floyd Hirshfeld
2117:William Frederick Durand
1539:James Douglas Gold Medal
1527:31 December 2006 at the
1221:Graeme, Richard (1999).
1152:Cleland, Robert (1952).
1037:Culver, William (2014).
838:Iron and Steel Institute
814:Professional memberships
766:Johns Hopkins University
734:, helped to establish a
454:Second career – medicine
2327:Michael Lawrence Haider
2020:Charles P. E. Schneider
1664:Edward Wentworth Beatty
1595:Edward Wentworth Beatty
1534:Mining Hall of Fame bio
1341:Douglas, James (1995).
1329:James Douglas, a Memoir
1175:Douglas, James (1900).
978:Douglas, James (1898).
961:Douglas, James (1910).
948:James Douglas, a Memoir
933:Arizona Archives Online
787:The Douglas Library at
444:University of Edinburgh
356:University of Edinburgh
329:
202:University of Edinburgh
2613:Gregory Stephanopoulos
2285:Crawford H. Greenewalt
2184:Lewis Warrington Chubb
2091:Mihajlo Idvorski Pupin
1786:Robert Charles Wallace
1522:Queen's University bio
1227:Mining History Journal
1081:Mining History Journal
1075:Spude, Robert (2003).
1058:Mining History Journal
853:Works by James Douglas
772:Professional accolades
649:United Verde Extension
540:Detroit Copper Company
296:
288:
2500:George N. Hatsopoulos
2422:Claude Elwood Shannon
2237:William Embry Wrather
2196:Charles Metcalf Allen
2160:Willis Rodney Whitney
2154:Everette Lee DeGolyer
2097:Daniel Cowan Jackling
1942:Charles Talbot Porter
1930:Alexander Graham Bell
1791:W. A. Mackintosh
1781:William Hamilton Fyfe
1684:John Bertram Stirling
1679:Charles Avery Dunning
1411:"Historical Timeline"
801:University of Arizona
536:Benjamin Silliman Jr.
474:Third career – mining
304:British North America
294:
274:
2404:T. Louis Austin, Jr.
2231:Benjamin F. Fairless
2166:Charles F. Kettering
2135:Frank Baldwin Jewett
2123:Arthur Newell Talbot
2110:Frank Julian Sprague
2073:Herbert Clark Hoover
2061:Elmer Ambrose Sperry
1960:Robert Woolston Hunt
1811:David Chadwick Smith
1806:Ronald Lampman Watts
1654:Sir Sandford Fleming
946:Langton, H. (1940).
745:Also of note is the
714:U.S. Bureau of Mines
696:Medical philanthropy
645:James S. Douglas Jr.
300:James Walter Douglas
127:James Walter Douglas
43:improve this article
2733:Canadian geologists
2637:Anne S. Kiremidjian
2607:Leslie E. Robertson
2589:Yvonne Claeys Brill
2583:Kristina M. Johnson
2518:George H. Heilmeier
2339:Patrick E. Haggerty
2225:Ervin George Bailey
2190:Theodore von Kármán
2103:John Ripley Freeman
2085:David Watson Taylor
1954:William Henry White
1924:George Westinghouse
1776:Robert Bruce Taylor
1771:Daniel Miner Gordon
1446:2000MedPh..27.1212R
1131:Bisbee Daily Review
707:Baltimore, Maryland
432:Presbyterian Church
2723:Canadian academics
2595:Gerald J. Posakony
2506:Arthur E. Humphrey
2321:Igor Ivan Sikorsky
2279:Stephen D. Bechtel
2243:Harry Alonzo Winne
2213:Walter H. Aldridge
2172:John Lucian Savage
2049:John Frank Stevens
2002:George W. Goethals
1936:Thomas Alva Edison
1846:* indicates acting
1826:Thomas R. Williams
1821:Karen R. Hitchcock
1816:William C. Leggett
1801:John James Deutsch
1766:George Monro Grant
1704:A. Charles Baillie
1585:Queen's University
1104:Arizona Daily Star
808:Nacozari de GarcĂa
716:, they formed the
685:Queen's University
485:Thomas Sterry Hunt
481:Province of Canada
376:Province of Canada
372:Province of Canada
358:. He studied both
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2000:1919 : Gen.
1990:Henry Marion Howe
1851:
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1694:Agnes Benidickson
1669:Sir Robert Borden
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1566:Academic offices
1043:HydroProcess 2014
793:McGill University
740:radiation therapy
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2012:1921 : Sir
1972:John Edson Sweet
1952:1911 : Sir
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99:February 2013
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54:Find sources:
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32:This article
30:
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21:
20:
2768:Phelps Dodge
2665:2023 :
2660:
2659:2022 :
2653:2021 :
2648:
2647:2020 :
2642:
2641:2019 :
2635:2018 :
2631:Frank Kreith
2629:2017 :
2623:2015 :
2617:2014 :
2611:2013 :
2605:2012 :
2599:2011 :
2593:2010 :
2587:2009 :
2581:2008 :
2575:2007 :
2570:
2569:2006 :
2563:2005 :
2557:2004 :
2551:2003 :
2545:2002 :
2539:2001 :
2533:2000 :
2516:1999 :
2510:1998 :
2504:1997 :
2498:1996 :
2492:1995 :
2486:1994 :
2482:Gordon Moore
2480:1993 :
2476:Serge Gratch
2474:1992 :
2470:Hunter Rouse
2468:1991 :
2462:1990 :
2456:1989 :
2450:1988 :
2446:Ralph Landau
2444:1987 :
2438:1986 :
2432:1985 :
2426:1984 :
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2357:H. I. Romnes
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2178:Zay Jeffries
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2143:(posthumous)
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2105:(posthumous)
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2030:1924 :
2024:1923 :
2018:1922 :
2006:1920 :
1994:1918 :
1988:1917 :
1982:1916 :
1977:
1976:1915 :
1970:1914 :
1965:
1964:1913 :
1958:1912 :
1948:Alfred Noble
1946:1910 :
1940:1909 :
1934:1908 :
1928:1907 :
1922:1906 :
1916:1905 :
1911:
1910:1904 :
1905:
1904:1903 :
1898:1902 :
1831:Daniel Woolf
1745:James George
1658:
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1427:
1415:. Retrieved
1390:. Retrieved
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710:gynecologist
703:Howard Kelly
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340:Lower Canada
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172:(1918-06-25)
170:25 June 1918
160:Lower Canada
120:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
2693:1918 deaths
2688:1837 births
2255:Ben Moreell
1918:Lord Kelvin
1796:James Corry
1740:John Machar
1642:Chancellors
732:James Ewing
629:Rock Island
617:El Paso, TX
336:Quebec City
285:Smithsonian
186:Nationality
156:Quebec City
2682:Categories
2440:Simon Ramo
2148:Ralph Budd
1900:John Fritz
1728:Principals
1589:1915–1918
1581:Chancellor
1248:: 299–342.
1183:: 648–665.
1137:13 January
1110:13 January
1087:: 110–132.
890:References
448:Chancellor
400:amputation
251:(grandson)
148:1837-11-04
69:newspapers
2655:Elon Musk
2366:1975–1999
2205:1950–1974
2041:1925–1949
1892:1902–1924
1751:John Cook
1714:Jim Leech
1649:John Cook
1018:cite book
597:AT&SF
592:for him.
450:in 1912.
390:Douglas'
256:Signature
245:Relatives
235:Parent(s)
194:Education
178:Manhattan
2661:No award
2649:No award
2643:No award
2571:No award
1966:No award
1912:No award
1906:No award
1525:Archived
1462:10902549
1233:: 39–51.
1162:51-11981
913:5 August
751:Montreal
651:mine in
605:Fairbank
518:smelting
440:Kingston
420:Ramses I
406:and the
392:Scottish
364:theology
360:medicine
344:Scotland
224:Children
189:Canadian
1442:Bibcode
1417:25 June
1368:: 1013.
1064:: 1–16.
613:Douglas
544:Morenci
412:mummies
83:scholar
1460:
1392:7 June
1311:
1160:
988:
885:(1910)
879:(1909)
873:(1905)
867:(1905)
861:(1898)
762:radium
755:Quebec
736:radium
609:Benson
552:Bisbee
493:copper
324:Sonora
316:Bisbee
216:Spouse
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2527:2000–
404:Egypt
90:JSTOR
76:books
1458:PMID
1419:2014
1394:2014
1309:ISBN
1158:LCCN
1139:2018
1112:2018
1024:link
986:ISBN
915:2017
842:The
705:, a
679:and
599:and
362:and
330:Life
322:and
167:Died
142:Born
62:news
1583:of
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