Janata Party - Knowledge

750:, which deprived citizens of direct access to the Supreme Court, except when violation of the fundamental rights resulted from Union law. The Parliament was given unrestrained power to amend any parts of the Constitution. The Supreme Court was given exclusive jurisdiction as regards determination of the constitutional validity of laws passed by the Union government. It restricted the power of the courts to issue stay orders or injunctions. Almost all parts of the Constitution saw changes through this amendment. The clampdown on civil liberties and allegations of widespread abuse of human rights by police had angered the public. Indira Gandhi was believed, by the public at large to be under the influence of a clique of politicians led by her youngest son, 485: 2118: 2259: 1850: 1803: 1756: 2212: 29: 2415: 284: 1410:. Home Minister Charan Singh argued that the ruling party had been resoundingly rejected by voters and would need to win a new mandate from the people of the states. The Congress (R) was defeated in all the states, and the Janata party took power in seven – Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Haryana, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Himachal Pradesh. In Punjab, the Janata party formed a coalition government with the Akali Dal. In Bihar, 385:. She was barred from contesting any election for the next six years. Economic problems, corruption and the conviction of Gandhi led to widespread protests against the Congress (R) government, which responded by imposing a State of Emergency. The rationale was that of preserving national security. However, the government introduced press censorship, postponed elections and banned strikes and rallies. Opposition leaders such as 1897: 5364: 3015: 3004: 2972: 2961: 2929: 2918: 2886: 2875: 2843: 2832: 2800: 2789: 2757: 2746: 2714: 2703: 1709: 1662: 812:(BJS) joined, dissolving their separate identities (the merger of all party organisations was to be completed after the election). Although the political ideologies of Janata constituents were diverse and conflicting, the party was able to unite under the over-reaching appeal of Jayaprakash Narayan, who had been seen as the ideological leader of the anti-Emergency movement and now the Janata party. 81: 2070: 1615: 3106:. At the polls, the candidates running under the Janata ticket were resoundingly defeated – the party lost 172 seats, winning only 31. Indira Gandhi and the Congress (I) returned to power with a strong majority. Sanjay Gandhi was also elected to the Parliament. President Reddy was succeeded at the end of his term in 1982 by Congress (I) leader 991:

Emergency, Indira and the Congress (R) defended the rationale of imposing the state of emergency as being essential for national security. On the other hand, Janata leaders assailed Indira for ruling as a dictator and endangering human rights and democracy in India. Janata's campaign evoked memories of India's freedom struggle against

1374:. The Minister of Railways reinstated the railway employees disciplined after the May 1974 strike. The Desai government proceeded to establish inquiry commissions and tribunals to investigate allegations of corruption and Indira Gandhi's government, political party and the police forces. Specific inquiries were instituted on 2165: 3193:

Under V. P. Singh, the Janata Dal and the National Front sought to replicate the Janata-style alliance of anti-Congress political parties. Although it failed to win a majority, it managed to form a fragile coalition government with V.P. Singh as the prime minister with the outside support of the BJP

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During the election campaign, the leaders of the Congress (R) and the Janata party traveled across the country to rally supporters. Indira and her Congress (R) promoted the record of achieving economic development and orderly government. Although she offered apologies for abuses committed during the

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During the Emergency, Indira Gandhi implemented a 20-point program of economic reforms that resulted in greater economic growth, aided by the absence of strikes and trade union conflicts. Encouraged by these positive signs and distorted and biased information from her party supporters, Indira called

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Although its tenure in office was tumultuous and unsuccessful, the Janata party played a definitive role in Indian politics and history and its legacy remains strong in contemporary India. The Janata party led a popular movement to restore civil liberties, evoking the memories and principles of the

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In the run-up to the 1980 elections, the remaining Janata party leaders tried unsuccessfully to rebuild the party and make fresh alliances. Desai campaigned for the party but did not himself stand for election, preferring retirement from politics. The Congress (I) capitalized on the aversion of the

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withdrew themselves from the Janata party. Former allies such as the DMK, Shiromani Akali Dal and the Communist Party of India (Marxist) had distanced themselves from the Janata party. Desperately seeking enough support for a majority, Charan Singh even sought to negotiate with Congress (I), which

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The Janata government had lesser success in achieving economic reforms. It launched the Sixth Five-Year Plan, aiming to boost agricultural production and rural industries. Seeking to promote economic self-reliance and indigenous industries, the government required multi-national corporations to go

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were laid, and administered a pledge to continue Gandhi's work and preserve honesty in serving the nation. Immediately afterwards, the Janata party faced a serious challenge in choosing a leader to become India's new prime minister, where the rival bids of party leaders could divide the party and

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The 1977 election drew a turnout of 60% from an electorate of more than 320 million. On 23 March, it was announced that the Janata party had won a sweeping victory, securing 43.2% of the popular vote and 271 seats. With the support of the Akali Dal and the Congress for Democracy, it had amassed a

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Despite a strong start, the Janata government began to wither as significant ideological and political divisions emerged. The party consisted of veteran socialists, trade unionists and pro-business leaders, making major economic reforms difficult to achieve without triggering a public divide.

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as the Prime Minister of a minority government on the strength of 64 MPs, calling upon him to form a new government and prove his majority. The departure of Desai and the BJS had considerably diminished Janata's majority, and numerous Janata MPs refused to support Charan Singh. MPs loyal to

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The first actions taken by the Desai government were to formally end the state of emergency and media censorship and repeal the controversial executive decrees issued during the Emergency. The Constitution was amended to make it more difficult for any future government to declare a state of

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The decline in the popularity of the Janata government was aided by the stalled prosecution of Emergency-era abuses. The government had failed to prove most of the allegations and obtained few convictions. Cases against Indira Gandhi had also stalled for lack of evidence, and her continued

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The new Janata-led government reversed many Emergency-era decrees and opened official investigations into Emergency-era abuses. Although several major foreign policy and economic reforms were attempted, continuous in-fighting and ideological differences made the Janata government unable to

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became the third U.S. president to make an official visit to India. Both nations sought to improve trade and expand cooperation in science and technology. Vajpayee represented India at the U.N. conference on nuclear disarmament, defending India's nuclear programme and its refusal to sign

686:, dismissing the governments controlled by opposition political parties. The central government also imposed censorship on radio, television and newspapers. Across the country, police forces arrested thousands of opposition political activists, as well as leaders such as 636:, the Allahabad High Court found Indira guilty and barred her from holding public office for six years. Opposition politicians immediately demanded her resignation and stepped up mass protests against the government. On 25 June, Narayan and Desai held a massive rally in 1240:

Taking office as prime minister, Desai also took charge of the Ministry of Finance. He sought to carefully distribute important posts to satisfy Janata's different constituents and the most powerful party leaders who were rivals for his own position of leadership. Both

674:'s recommendation to declare a state of national emergency. Indira argued that the political and civil disorder constituted a threat to national security. A state of emergency enabled the central government to issue executive decrees without requiring the consent of 881:

would contest the election with the same manifesto as the Janata party and would join the Janata party in Parliament, but would otherwise retain a separate identity (the CFD would merge with the Janata party after the elections on 5 May). On 30 January 1977 the

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began significant changes in India's foreign policy, moving away from the course adopted by Indira's government. Both Pakistan and China had celebrated the ouster of Indira Gandhi, who had preserved a hardline stance against India's rival neighbors. In 1979,

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two-thirds, or absolute majority of 345 seats. Although the Congress for Democracy won 28 seats, Ram's standing as a national Dalit leader and moving a significant share of the Dalit vote to the Janata party and its allies won him considerable influence.

678:. Elections were postponed and public gatherings, rallies and strikes were banned. Curfews were imposed and police forces were empowered to make warrantless searches, seizures and arrests. Indira's government imposed "President's rule" in the states of 3102:

Indian public to another fragile and dysfunctional government by campaigning on the slogan "Elect A Government That Works!" Indira Gandhi apologized for mistakes made during the Emergency and won the endorsement of respected national leaders such as

3695: 767:, the national capital, which left thousands of people, mostly Muslims, homeless. Indian laborers, urban workers, teachers and government employees were also disenchanted by wage freezes and the curtailing of trade union activities and rights. 4551:"Political News : जनता पार्टी ने ठुकराया संयुक्त विपक्ष का प्रस्ताव, नए चेहरों को मौका देकर करेगी मिशन 2024 की तैयारी | Janta party President navneet chaturvedi distanced himself from all-party meeting, rejected proposal joint opposition" 3599:"Political News : जनता पार्टी ने ठुकराया संयुक्त विपक्ष का प्रस्ताव, नए चेहरों को मौका देकर करेगी मिशन 2024 की तैयारी | Janta party President navneet chaturvedi distanced himself from all-party meeting, rejected proposal joint opposition" 4923: 775:

Calling elections on 18 January 1977 the government released political prisoners and weakened restrictions and censorship on the press, although the state of emergency was not officially ended. When opposition leaders sought the support of

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had masterminded the Union government's unpopular campaign of family planning, which had allegedly involved forcible sterilization of young men by government officials. Sanjay Gandhi had also instigated the demolition of slums in the

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had declined considerably due to worsening economic conditions as well as the emergence of allegations of nepotism and corruption involving members of his family. Desai's confrontational attitude eroded his support. His main rival

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refused. After only three weeks in office, Charan Singh resigned. With no other political party in position to establish a majority government, President Reddy dissolved the Parliament and called fresh elections for January 1980.

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and the Communist Party of India (Marxist). However, Singh's government soon fell victim to intra-party rivalries and power struggles, and his successor Chandra Sekhar's Janata Dal (Socialist) government lasted barely into 1991.

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had first emerged as political leaders. Although Narayan and Kripalani did not seek office themselves, they became the leading campaigners for the Janata party, drawing great masses of people in rallies across the country.

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Indian independence movement. Its success in ending 30 years of uninterrupted Congress rule helped strengthen India's multi-party democracy. The term "Janata" has been used by several major political parties such as the

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became the highest-ranking Indian official to visit Beijing, meeting China's leaders. The Desai government re-established diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China, which had been severed due to the

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enjoyed the support of a significant number of Janata MPs and the activists brought from their own political parties into the Janata organisation. To avoid a potentially divisive contest, Janata leaders asked

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India also sought to improve relations with the United States, which had been strained due to the latter's support for Pakistan during the 1971 war and India's subsequent proximity with the

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Immediately upon taking office, the Janata government pressured the ten state governments where the Congress was in power to dissolve the state assemblies and hold fresh elections in June.

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were imprisoned, along with thousands of other political activists. When the State of Emergency was lifted and new elections called in 1977, opposition political parties such as the

4174: 1422:. The number of Janata members of the legislative assemblies (MLAs) of all the states increased from 386 to 1,246 seats. The government also called fresh elections in the state of 5175: 4117:...Jaya Prakash Narayan then gave a call for total revolution, and as such all opposition political parties responded to the call of JP and fought elections under his leadership. 4946: 3541: 7539: 3191:

Since the original Janata Party disappeared when it merged into the Janata Dal, these two(the 1977 one and present one) are considered as distinct from one another by many.

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made it hard for him to remain politically active and act as a unifying influence, and his death in 1979 deprived the party of its most popular leader. Dissidents projected

7544: 5205: 1456:, the founding leader of Bangladesh, who had been assassinated in 1975 by military officers and replaced by a military regime that sought to distance itself from India. 561:, but failed to have an impact; Indira's Congress (R) won a large majority in the 1971 elections and her popularity increased significantly after India's victory in the 2473:. Both Vajpayee and Advani as well as other members of the former BJS opted to remain members of the RSS and consequently resigned from their posts and from the party. 568:

However Indira's subsequent inability to address serious issues such as unemployment, poverty, inflation and shortages eroded her popularity. The frequent invoking of "

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for the forthcoming election, Narayan insisted that all opposition parties form a united front. The Janata Party was officially launched on 23 January 1977 when the

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into partnership with Indian corporations. The policy proved controversial, diminishing foreign investment and led to the high-profile exit of corporations such as

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supported the state of emergency. Due to the advancing age and failing health, Narayan was released from prison, but remained prohibited from political activity.

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Although committing to contest the election with the Janata party, Ram resisted merging his party organisation with Janata. It was ultimately decided that the

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In this vacuum, the BJP's path to power followed that of three other centrist parties, similar to Congress, which led coalitions on three separate occasions.

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party, which won the general election called in 1980. After Jaiprakash Bandhu now Navneet Chaturvedi is the president of Janata Party since November 2021.

3910: 3661: 3285:, Delhi and at the national stage. Janata party continued its lead as opposition in AP until the formation of TDP party, due to prominent leaders such as 1101:

by a margin of 55,200 votes. The Congress (R) did not win any seats in Uttar Pradesh and was wiped out in 10 states and territories by Janata candidates.

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announced his resignation from Janata Party parliamentary board. Janata Party parliamentary board which met on 22 June 1978 issued show-cause notices to

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a choice between freedom and slavery; between democracy and dictatorship; between abdicating the power of the people and asserting it; between the

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won a total of 153 seats, mainly from India's south. However, Janata candidates resoundingly defeated Congress (R) candidates in the northern "

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withdrew support. Popular disenchantment with the political in-fighting and ineffective government led to the resurgence of Gandhi and her new

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But some leaders of Janata Party refused to accept its merger into Janata Dal and continued in Janata Party. These included Indubhai Patel,

1093:. One of the most shocking outcomes of the election was the defeat of Indira Gandhi in her bid to seek re-election from her constituency of 6286: 6186: 4472: 2401: 2377: 1742: 5285: 3116:

Between 1980 and 1989, the Janata party maintained a small presence in the Indian Parliament under the leadership of socialist politician

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became the most popular political party in independent India and won every election following national independence in 1947. However, the

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went on to serve as Prime Ministers; Vajpayee led the first non-Congress government to complete a full five-year term from 1999 to 2004.

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MPs and activists condemned Indira's leadership and left the party. As a result, MPs still loyal to Indira Gandhi renamed their party to

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elections for May 1977. However, the emergency era had been widely unpopular. The most controversial issue was the 42nd amendment to the

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hesitated to support Desai and criticized the undemocratic method of selection, Desai's position was soon confirmed and consolidated.

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had developed an acrimonious relationship with Desai. Protesting Desai's leadership, Singh resigned and withdrew the support of his

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In contrast to the rest of the country, the Janata party won only six seats from India's southern states – none from the state of

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to select the party's leader, pledging to abide by their choice. After a period of deliberation, Narayan and Kripalani selected

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announced that it would seek to avoid a splintering in the opposition vote by not running candidates against the Janata party.

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and the way that has led many nations down the precipice of dictatorship, instability, military adventure and national ruin.

754:, who had become notorious for using his influence in the government and the Congress party for alleged corrupt activities. 373:, a socialist leader, had filed a legal writ alleging electoral malpractice against Indira Gandhi in 1971. On 12 June 1975, 6522: 6386: 5686: 5650: 4853: 2312: 2269: 2080: 1270: 632: 3490: 6068: 5671: 5345: 3542:"चुनाव स्थगित करने हेतु जनता पार्टी राष्ट्रीय अध्यक्ष नवनीत चतुर्वेदी द्वारा सुप्रीम कोर्ट में जनहित याचिका - अग्नि आलोक" 3167:. On 4 January 1989, Indubhai Patel was declared as acting president of Janata Party. Janata Dal filed an application to 2175: 1306: 450: 382: 147: 7468: 7302: 6456: 6401: 6116: 5777: 5767: 5738: 5568: 3121: 2623: 1949: 1672: 1625: 1298: 883: 735: 299: 3426: 6446: 6416: 6073: 5823: 5715: 5299: 4155: 4103: 4076: 4044: 3460: 3403: 2128: 2033: 1860: 1318: 860: 5080: 4581:"राजनीतिक रण में एतिहासिक जनता पार्टी एक बार फिर से नए युवा चेहरे व ब्राह्मण नेतृत्व के साथ उतरने को तैयार - mobile" 630:, alleging electoral malpractices and the use of government resources for her election campaign. On 12 June 1975 in 6697: 6461: 6421: 6411: 5863: 4342:

An Indian Political Life: Charan Singh and Congress Politics, 1967 to 1987 - Vol.3 (The Politics of Northern India)

364: 6515: 6336: 6251: 5943: 3569:"विधानसभा चुनाव राजस्थान और मध्यप्रदेश जहां जनता पार्टी गेम चेंजर की भूमिका मे खड़ी हो चुकी है - नवनीत चतुर्वेदी" 2477:

prosecution began to evoke sympathy for her from the Indian public and anger of her supporters, who saw it as a "

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The Janata manifesto was released on 10 February, which declared that the coming election presented voters with:

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became the Minister of Home Affairs, the second-most important position in the Council of Ministers, while

1108: 985: 538: 514: 378: 356: 266: 212: 137: 541:– where "R" stood for "Requisition." Congress politicians who opposed Indira identified themselves as the 7473: 6341: 6191: 5928: 5644: 5613: 4790: 4760: 4730: 4700: 4670: 4640: 4610: 4434: 2529: 2470: 2454: 1067: 731: 7258: 6126: 6098: 6013: 5973: 5948: 5888: 5848: 5291: 4992: 4011: 3824: 3759: 1282: 562: 5259:"ECI continues to nudge Registered Unrecognised Political Parties (RUPPs) for ensuring due regulatory" 7529: 7145: 6356: 6266: 6231: 6201: 6161: 6018: 6008: 5868: 5573: 3632:"UP News: 5 जून से जनता पार्टी यूपी में शुरू करेगी सदस्यता अभियान, देशभर में पार्टी लोगों को जोड़ेगी" 3171:

to seek the transfer of Janata Party symbol to its own. But the Election Commission froze the symbol

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coalition. Singh had become widely popular for exposing the role of the government of prime minister

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won the closely contested Janata legislature party leadership from the then Bihar Janata Party chief

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Socialists and secular Janata politicians shared an aversion to the Hindu nationalist agenda of the

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to become the chairman of the Janata Parliamentary Party on 24 May. Although some leaders such as

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India Votes Alliance Politics And Minority Governments In The Ninth And Tenth General Elections

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As it became clear that Indira's Emergency rule had been widely unpopular, defections from the

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Political Trends Revival of Two Party System in India : Ruling Vs. Combined Opposition

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and of the Janata party went on to comprise a new generation of Indian political leaders.

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emergency; fundamental freedoms and the independence of India's judiciary was reaffirmed.

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The new government also proceeded to withdraw all charges against the 25 accused in the

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condemned Indira's government as dictatorial and corrupt. Narayan and Desai founded the

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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

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had formed a coalition called the "Grand Alliance" to oppose Indira Gandhi and the

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as its Prime Ministerial candidate, but the party won only 31 seats out of 542.

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The Indian Annual Register A Digest Of Public Affairs Of India ..., Volumes 1-2

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significantly diminished support for the Congress (R) amongst India's Dalits.

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and trade unions aligned with Janata helped rally considerable voting blocs.

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and others. Opposition political organisations such as the Hindu nationalist

707: 671: 601: 589: 585: 534: 526: 461: 426: 360: 348: 2457:, whose members included Vajpayee, Advani and other leaders from the former 1324:

The results of its election defeat considerably weakened and diminished the

7396: 7360: 7333: 7323: 7203: 6892: 6852: 6777: 6767: 6762: 6747: 6730: 6657: 6560: 6406: 6346: 5482: 5447: 5402: 3286: 3251: 3137: 3103: 3053: 2605: 2593: 2588: 2577: 2557: 2525: 2513: 2497: 2420: 2123: 1667: 1472: 1460: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1310: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1234: 1213: 1209: 1094: 1082: 1028: 1020: 1012: 965: 957: 939: 867: 844: 785: 719: 623: 605: 597: 581: 558: 546: 502: 473: 465: 430: 410: 402: 3128:, which had emerged as the chief opposition party under the leadership of 2164: 545:– where "O" stood for "Organisation" or "Old." For the 1971 election, the 7438: 7355: 7268: 7223: 7193: 7160: 7105: 7055: 7025: 6987: 6867: 6677: 6662: 6637: 6620: 6507: 3278: 3129: 3091: 992: 4311:"Chaudhary Charan Singh: Stalwart farmer leader who was PM for 170 days" 3315:

Shourie, Arun (1980). Institutions in the Janata phase. Bombay: Popular.

3183:

as their election symbol. Janata Party continue to retain its status as

1015:

amongst its most loyal constituencies. The bulldozing of slums near the

1011:

Actions taken during Emergency significantly diminished support for the

820:

became the party general secretary, and Bharatiya Jana Sangh politician

468:

became Prime Minister of India. He remained in office for 23 days until

7281: 7080: 6887: 6371: 5793: 5691: 5542: 5522: 5472: 5227:

Gupta, Shekhar; Pachauri, Pankaj; Baweja, Harinder (15 November 1989).

3282: 3270: 3239: 3125: 3107: 2501: 2485: 2478: 1399: 1278: 1098: 1086: 1048: 801: 687: 679: 641: 615: 414: 370: 192: 183: 5287:

Why Regional Parties? Clientelism, Elites, and the Indian Party System

4366:"HT This Day: Jan 24, 1979 - Charan Singh, J. Ram become Dy PMs today" 445:

joined to form the Janata party, which won a sweeping majority in the

343:. It was founded as an amalgam of Indian political parties opposed to 283: 80: 6614: 6321: 6038: 5392: 2430: 2359: 1724: 1486: 1383: 1343: 1111:

of India, using alliances under Morarji Government from 1977 to 1979

1105: 764: 3269:, which maintained a small presence in the politics of the state of 7519: 7140: 6797: 5512: 5452: 2509: 2505: 1620: 1468: 1196: 1019:

was widely unpopular amongst India's Muslims, and the defection of

961: 832: 217: 1896: 1463:. The Janata government announced its desire to achieve "genuine" 1438:

Prime Minister Morarji Desai and the Minister of External Affairs

2227: 1996: 1954: 1630: 1583: 1062:

rallied India's middle-class merchants, traders and conservative

703: 683: 609: 3626: 3624: 3148:

quashed the charges of bribery against Rajiv Gandhi and others.

2069: 1204:

weaken its majority before it took power. Janata party chairman

2569: 1912: 1708: 1661: 1403: 1078: 1063: 3124:

was made its president. After some months, it merged into the

2469:

choose between staying in government and being members of the

5363: 3662:"ब्राह्मण समाज के समर्थन में आई जनता पार्टी: नवनीत चतुर्वेदी" 3621: 3246:

served as deputy prime minister. Younger politicians such as

2274: 2180: 2085: 1818: 1471:, which had been the long-standing national policy. In 1978, 1040: 848: 637: 377:

found her guilty of using corrupt electoral practices in her

340: 3187:

with Election Commission of India and retains its symbol of

4947:"Karnataka's new CM S.R. Bommai inherits a troubled legacy" 3262:

and others were grass-roots activists in the Janata party.

1614: 1081:– where the Emergency had not caused political unrest. The 4175:"Morarji, Charan Singh waited for each other to die: Book" 2520:

because of growing differences between them over trial of

859:

on 2 February 1977. Other co-founders included the former

4398:

India Since Independence: Making Sense of Indian Politics

4271:

India Since Independence: Making Sense of Indian Politics

1490: 537:

claimed to be the real Congress party, adopting the name

347:

that was imposed between 1975 and 1977 by Prime Minister

3120:. In 1988, Lok Dal (A) was merged into Janata Party and 851:

communities. A former Minister of Defence, Ram left the

1430:

returned to power after having been dismissed in 1953.

843:

government increased. The most significant was that of

525:

bifurcated in 1969 over the issue of the leadership of

5859:

Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation

4091: 3486:

Emergency: Top Oppositional political leaders arrested

2512:, Jabbar Singh and Sibhan Lal Saxena. On 1 July 1978, 1321:

to become the 6th President of India on 25 July 1977.

3483:

Official Excerpts from Speech of Veteran Journalist.

874:

D. N. Tiwari and Bihar politician Raj Mangal Pandey.

5112:"State chiefs' selection deepens rift in Janata Dal" 457:

effectively address national problems. By mid-1979,

359:, the party defeated the Congress and Janata leader 6392:

Revolutionary Socialist Party of Kerala (Bolshevik)

5226: 5168:"Convention will elect new Janata Leader: Indubhai" 1382:, the activities of the former Minister of Defence 3747:Janata Dal leader of Singhbhum, Thakurji Pathak... 3510: 3508: 3448: 1249:were accorded the title of deputy prime minister. 5018:"Ajit Singh catapulted as Janata Party president" 4496:"Ajit Singh catapulted as Janata Party president" 4145: 4066: 4034: 3894: 3892: 3890: 3888: 3886: 3884: 3140:, the eldest son and successor of Indira, in the 738:were banned and their leaders arrested. Only the 7557: 6472:Tipraha Indigenous Progressive Regional Alliance 5979:Nationalist Congress Party – Sharadchandra Pawar 4465:"Shri Chandra Shekhar | Prime Minister of India" 363:became the first non-Congress prime minister in 5110:Pachai, Pankaj; Awasti, Dilip (15 March 1989). 3965: 3931: 3856: 3505: 1370:, which included the new Minister of Industry, 1347:Indian prime minister Morarji Desai (1977–1979) 1340:, which remained the largest opposition party. 529:, the daughter of India's first prime minister 5737: 4242: 3881: 3332: 2528:returned into cabinet and held portfolios of 847:, who commanded great support amongst India's 6523: 5723: 5346: 5283: 4986: 4944: 4882: 4493: 4245:India: From Midnight To Millennium and Beyond 4005: 2580:as the new prime minister in place of Desai. 866:, former Union Minister of State for Finance 6287:Khun Hynniewtrep National Awakening Movement 6187:Democratic Socialist Party (Prabodh Chandra) 5165: 5109: 4913: 3898: 3427:"List of Political Parties and Free Symbols" 1055:became important allies. The leaders of the 596:), the predecessor of what would become the 261:Janata se Janata ke liye जनता से जनता के लिए 6427:Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist) 6142:Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist) 5904:Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party 5265:. Election Commission of India. 8 July 2022 4203: 3265:The Janata Party continued to exist led by 2642: 1047:and regional political parties such as the 324: 6537: 6530: 6516: 5730: 5716: 5353: 5339: 4150:. Abhinav Publications. pp. 176–191. 3573:दैनिक भास्कर हिन्दी (Dainik Bhaskar Hindi) 1496: 1393: 79: 4821:"General Election, 1999 (Vol I, II, III)" 4071:. Abhinav Publications. pp. 90–100. 4039:. Abhinav Publications. pp. 98–126. 3226:Participants in the struggle against the 2447: 855:and along with his supporters formed the 7591:Political parties disestablished in 2013 6397:Revolutionary Socialist Party (Leninist) 5984:Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party 5799:All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 5166:News Service, Express (6 January 1989). 4989:The Politics of India Since Independence 4008:The Politics of India Since Independence 3752: 1342: 1275:Ministry of Information and Broadcasting 1257:took charge of the Ministry of Defence. 1035:, the most populous state of India. The 816:became first president of Janata Party. 483: 339:) is an unrecognized political party in 5584:Indian National Congress (Organisation) 5326:The Rise and Decline of Janata Politics 4854:"Gowda and irony of coalition building" 4001: 3999: 3997: 3995: 3993: 3969:Indira: The Life Of Indira Nehru Gandhi 3961: 3959: 3935:Indira: The Life Of Indira Nehru Gandhi 3860:Indira: The Life Of Indira Nehru Gandhi 3819: 3817: 3815: 3813: 3811: 3809: 3807: 3805: 3566: 3289:, Babul Reddy and T. Gajula Narasaiah. 3179:and as a result, Janata Dal had to use 1176: 1114:Sources: Keesing's – World News Archive 464:was forced to resign and his successor 272:Registered Unrecognised Political Party 7558: 6332:Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 6044:Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray) 5809:All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen 5015: 4982: 4980: 4978: 4976: 4974: 4972: 4651:from the original on 21 September 2021 4445:from the original on 21 September 2021 4394: 4267: 4247:. Arcade Publishing. pp. 164–66. 3972:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 3938:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 3863:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 3852: 3850: 3803: 3801: 3799: 3797: 3795: 3793: 3791: 3789: 3787: 3785: 3723:. Gyan Publishing House. p. 228. 3692:"Janata party leader Thakur ji Pathak" 3493:from the original on 23 September 2015 3362:"Why the Far Right Rules Modi's India" 3340:. Arcade Publishing. pp. 164–66. 1269:were respectively given charge of the 1097:, which she lost to her 1971 opponent 889: 497:(January 1982–20 January 1985) Before 7571:Political parties established in 1977 6511: 6282:Karnataka Pragnyavantha Janatha Party 6247:Jammu and Kashmir People's Conference 6089:Yuvajana Sramika Rythu Congress Party 5899:Jammu and Kashmir National Conference 5711: 5334: 5140: 5091:from the original on 11 February 2023 5075: 5073: 4848: 4846: 4801:from the original on 30 December 2021 4339: 4321:from the original on 16 February 2023 4305: 4303: 4169: 4167: 4141: 4139: 4137: 4135: 4133: 4131: 4129: 4127: 4125: 3716: 3388: 2572:(then Bombay). The failing health of 1402:witnessed the massive victory of the 6387:Republican Party of India (Athawale) 6292:Kerala Congress (Balakrishna Pillai) 5894:Indigenous People's Front of Tripura 5879:Hill State People's Democratic Party 5687:Maintenance of Internal Security Act 5651:State of Uttar Pradesh v. Raj Narain 5058:from the original on 6 February 2004 5028:from the original on 29 January 2022 4864:from the original on 9 December 2021 4791:"General Election, 1998 (Vol I, II)" 4761:"General Election, 1996 (Vol I, II)" 4741:from the original on 18 January 2022 4731:"General Election, 1991 (Vol I, II)" 4701:"General Election, 1989 (Vol I, II)" 4671:"General Election, 1984 (Vol I, II)" 4641:"General Election, 1980 (Vol I, II)" 4621:from the original on 23 October 2021 4611:"General Election, 1977 (Vol I, II)" 4561:from the original on 17 January 2024 4506:from the original on 29 January 2022 4435:"General Election, 1980 (Vol I, II)" 4224:from the original on 23 January 2024 4207:Bihar chief ministership battle 1977 4062: 4060: 4058: 4056: 3990: 3956: 3925: 3913:from the original on 3 November 2012 3609:from the original on 17 January 2024 3579:from the original on 25 January 2024 3548:from the original on 25 January 2024 3522:from the original on 25 January 2024 3065: 1195:led the newly elected Janata MPs to 633:State of Uttar Pradesh v. Raj Narain 608:(State Legislature) of the state of 22: 5672:Turkman gate demolition and rioting 5198:"Janata Dal application for symbol" 5048:"Rajiv Gandhi cleared over bribery" 4969: 4957:from the original on 17 August 2021 4945:Raj Chengappa (15 September 1988). 4895:from the original on 22 August 2021 4236: 3847: 3782: 3698:from the original on 9 January 2023 3567:Malviya, Pavan (12 November 2023). 2611: 648:to force the government to resign. 13: 7469:Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad 6457:Tamizhaga Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam 6402:Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya) 6117:Ahila India Naadalum Makkal Katchi 5768:Communist Party of India (Marxist) 5609:People's Union for Civil Liberties 5569:Communist Party of India (Marxist) 5284:Adam Ziegfeld (19 February 2016). 5239:from the original on 14 March 2022 5208:from the original on 14 March 2022 5178:from the original on 14 March 2022 5122:from the original on 13 March 2022 5070: 4843: 4591:from the original on 28 March 2024 4415:from the original on 28 March 2024 4376:from the original on 10 March 2023 4300: 4288:from the original on 28 March 2024 4181:. 11 November 2008. Archived from 4164: 4122: 3835:from the original on 2 August 2017 3770:from the original on 28 March 2024 3737:from the original on 28 March 2024 3672:from the original on 28 March 2024 3338:India: From Midnight To Millennium 3309: 2647: 1479: 884:Communist Party of India (Marxist) 736:Communist Party of India (Marxist) 365:independent modern India's history 14: 7607: 6447:Tamil Maanila Congress (Moopanar) 5824:All India United Democratic Front 5319: 5145:. Bloomsbury India. p. 241. 4926:from the original on 16 July 2021 4914:Anita Pratap (31 December 1987). 4475:from the original on 17 June 2019 4092:Janak Raj Jai; Rajiv Jai (1999). 4053: 4028: 3642:from the original on 12 June 2023 3455:. VIJ Books (India) PVT Limited. 3144:, though on 5 February 2004, the 2638:Navneet Chaturvedi (2021–Present) 1433: 1378:'s management of the state-owned 979: 479: 6462:Tamizhaga Murpokku Makkal Katchi 6422:Social Democratic Party of India 6412:Shiromani Akali Dal (Democratic) 5864:Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam 5362: 4831:from the original on 15 May 2019 4771:from the original on 15 May 2019 4711:from the original on 15 May 2019 4681:from the original on 15 May 2019 4204:Mirchandani, G. G. (June 2003). 3132:and the main constituent of the 3076: 3014: 3013: 3003: 3002: 2971: 2970: 2960: 2959: 2928: 2927: 2917: 2916: 2885: 2884: 2874: 2873: 2842: 2841: 2831: 2830: 2799: 2798: 2788: 2787: 2756: 2755: 2745: 2744: 2713: 2712: 2702: 2701: 2413: 2257: 2210: 2163: 2116: 2068: 1895: 1848: 1801: 1754: 1707: 1660: 1613: 282: 27: 7586:2013 disestablishments in India 7540:Party leaders in the Parliament 6337:Marxist Co-ordination Committee 6252:Jammu and Kashmir Workers Party 5944:Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas) 5929:Janta Congress Chhattisgarh (J) 5277: 5251: 5220: 5190: 5159: 5134: 5103: 5040: 5016:Chawla, Prabhu (15 June 1988). 5009: 4938: 4907: 4876: 4813: 4783: 4753: 4723: 4693: 4663: 4633: 4603: 4573: 4543: 4518: 4487: 4457: 4427: 4388: 4358: 4333: 4261: 4197: 4085: 3710: 3684: 3654: 3591: 2635:Jai Prakash Bandhu (2013- 2021) 824:became the party spokesperson. 6432:Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party 6417:Sikkim National People's Party 6257:Jan Adhikar Party (Loktantrik) 6122:All India Rajakulathor Peravai 6084:Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi 6074:United People's Party, Liberal 5954:Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party 4883:Raj Chengappa (18 July 2013). 4494:Prabhu Chawla (15 June 1988). 4401:. Pearson India. p. 227. 4274:. Pearson India. p. 220. 3899:Kuldip Singh (11 April 1995). 3560: 3534: 3476: 3442: 3419: 3382: 3354: 3326: 3026: 1351: 644:" – a campaign of non-violent 626:in 1971, lodged a case at the 441:as well as defectors from the 1: 6477:United Goans Democratic Party 6307:Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi 6152:Azad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram) 6132:Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam 6024:Revolutionary Socialist Party 6004:Rashtriya Lok Janshakti Party 5697:Indian general election, 1977 5204:. 5 January 1989. p. 7. 3319: 3185:unrecognised registered party 3081: 3036: 2516:resigned from the cabinet of 1313:veteran and Janata candidate 7581:1977 establishments in India 7429:Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha 7424:National Executive Committee 6242:Jammu and Kashmir Apni Party 5819:All India Trinamool Congress 5589:Indian National Congress (R) 5143:Relentless: An Autobiography 4825:Election Commission of India 4795:Election Commission of India 4765:Election Commission of India 4735:Election Commission of India 4705:Election Commission of India 4675:Election Commission of India 4645:Election Commission of India 4615:Election Commission of India 4439:Election Commission of India 3435:Election Commission of India 3169:Election Commission of India 3086: 3031: 2370:5 years, 216 days 2238:2 years, 329 days 1965:2 years, 137 days 1923:2 years, 236 days 1735:2 years, 239 days 1688:2 years, 237 days 1594:2 years, 312 days 1476:non-proliferation treaties. 1358:Premiership of Morarji Desai 1271:Ministry of External Affairs 1187:On the morning of 24 March, 986:1977 Indian general election 651: 543:Indian National Congress (O) 539:Indian National Congress (R) 515:Indian independence movement 449:. Narain defeated Gandhi at 138:Indian National Congress (O) 64:Political party in India 7: 7474:Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh 6563:(1986–91, 1993–98, 2004–06) 6342:National Secular Conference 6192:Desiya Makkal Sakthi Katchi 5989:People's Party of Arunachal 5645:State of Emergency in India 5614:Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh 4395:Ananth, V. Krishna (2010). 4344:. Sage India. p. 243. 4268:Ananth, V. Krishna (2010). 3825:"The Rise of Indira Gandhi" 3449:Dr. Pavithran K.S. (2020). 3292: 2670: Percentage of votes 2455:Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh 2096:1 year, 176 days 1829:1 year, 301 days 1782:1 year, 250 days 1552:4 years, 36 days 1307:Minister of Law and Justice 770: 732:Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh 381:victory over Narain in the 10: 7612: 7259:Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore 6127:Ambedkarite Party of India 6014:Rashtriya Loktantrik Party 5974:Nationalist Congress Party 5949:Maharashtra Navnirman Sena 5889:Indian Union Muslim League 5739:Political parties in India 5369:The Emergency of 1975–1977 5292:Cambridge University Press 4993:Cambridge University Press 4557:(in Hindi). 22 June 2023. 4146:G. G. Mirchandani (2003). 4067:G. G. Mirchandani (2003). 4035:G. G. Mirchandani (2003). 4012:Cambridge University Press 3605:(in Hindi). 22 June 2023. 3228:Indian Emergency (1975–77) 2551:Through 1979, support for 2049:2 years, 2 days 1641:2 years, 7 days 1355: 1299:Ministry of Communications 1180: 1104:Summary of the 1977 March 983: 670:, accepted prime minister 655: 604:won the elections for the 508: 15: 7512: 7459: 7414: 7346: 7293: 7184: 7094: 7016: 6740: 6721: 6696: 6630: 6545: 6357:Puratchi Bharatham Katchi 6267:Jansatta Dal (Loktantrik) 6232:Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi 6202:Gondwana Ganatantra Party 6162:Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh 6107: 6079:Voice of the People Party 6019:Revolutionary Goans Party 6009:Rashtriya Lok Samta Party 5994:People's Democratic Front 5869:Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 5786: 5745: 5637: 5574:Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 5551: 5375: 3901:"Obituary: Morarji Desai" 3197: 3096: 2488:attacked party president 2396: 2369: 2358: 2348: 2346: 2343: 1518: 1515: 1512: 1509: 1506: 1503: 1328:. Significant numbers of 1137: 1053:Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 290: 281: 276: 265: 257: 243: 227: 211: 201: 191: 167: 131: 113: 103: 95: 87: 78: 69: 36:This article needs to be 6813:Chandrakant Bacchu Patil 6452:Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam 6302:Kerala Congress (Thomas) 6054:Sikkim Krantikari Morcha 5854:Communist Party of India 5773:Indian National Congress 5624:Socialist Party of India 5594:Indian National Congress 5141:Sinha, Yashwant (2019). 4210:. Abhinav Publications. 4098:. Regency Publications. 3966:Katherine Frank (2002). 3932:Katherine Frank (2002). 3857:Katherine Frank (2002). 2643:General election results 2604:, Janata Party declared 2029:Virendra Kumar Sakhlecha 1066:. The Hindu nationalist 921:Samyukta Socialist Party 861:Chief Minister of Orissa 798:Socialist Party of India 740:Communist Party of India 551:Samyukta Socialist Party 523:Indian National Congress 519:Indian National Congress 443:Indian National Congress 353:Indian National Congress 16:Not to be confused with 7489:Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh 7171:Kanak Vardhan Singh Deo 7018:Current chief ministers 6983:Tamilisai Soundararajan 6953:Biswabhusan Harichandan 6903:Bhairon Singh Shekhawat 6823:Jamyang Tsering Namgyal 6741:Other prominent leaders 6631:Current vice presidents 6492:Vikassheel Insaan Party 6487:Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi 6297:Kerala Congress (Jacob) 6172:Communist Marxist Party 6099:Zoram People's Movement 6094:Zoram Nationalist Party 6069:United Democratic Party 6049:Sikkim Democratic Front 5884:Indian National Lok Dal 5849:Bodoland People's Front 5814:All India N.R. Congress 5778:National People's Party 5433:Harchand Singh Longowal 4530:Business Standard India 4340:Brass, Paul R. (2014). 4243:Shashi Tharoor (2006). 3130:Vishwanath Pratap Singh 1715:Bhairon Singh Shekhawat 1497:List of Chief Ministers 1450:Sino-Indian War of 1962 1416:Satyendra Narayan Sinha 1394:Elections in the states 712:Satyendra Narayan Sinha 620:Socialist Party (India) 419:Satyendra Narayan Sinha 383:Rae Bareli constituency 229:Political position 7499:Swadeshi Jagaran Manch 7214:Syed Shahnawaz Hussain 7187:national spokespersons 7098:deputy chief ministers 6948:Hriday Narayan Dikshit 6723:Deputy prime ministers 6539:Bharatiya Janata Party 6497:Welfare Party of India 6482:Uttarakhand Kranti Dal 6467:Telangana Jana Samithi 6442:Swatantra Bharat Paksh 6382:Rashtriya Samaj Paksha 6237:Indian National League 6222:Hindustani Awam Morcha 6207:Gorkha Janmukti Morcha 6167:Bharatiya Tribal Party 5934:Jharkhand Mukti Morcha 5839:Bharat Rashtra Samithi 5804:All India Forward Bloc 5763:Bharatiya Janata Party 5533:Siddhartha Shankar Ray 4987:Paul R. Brass (1994). 4006:Paul R. Brass (1994). 3398:. Taylor and Francis. 3304:Congress for Democracy 3299:Janata Party (Secular) 3209:Bharatiya Janata Party 2602:1980 general elections 2524:. On 24 January 1979, 2448:Fall of the government 2265:Jogendra Nath Hazarika 1388:1971 Nagarwala scandal 1348: 1183:Morarji Desai Ministry 1160:Congress for Democracy 945:Congress for Democracy 879:Congress for Democracy 857:Congress for Democracy 837: 491: 466:Chaudhary Charan Singh 179:Janata Party (Secular) 174:Bharatiya Janata Party 158:Congress for Democracy 119:; 47 years ago 61:Indian political party 18:Bharatiya Janata Party 7576:The Emergency (India) 7504:Vishva Hindu Parishad 7494:Bharatiya Kisan Sangh 7461:Related organisations 7319:Dushyant Kumar Gautam 7247:Gopal Krishna Agarwal 6938:Trivendra Singh Rawat 6923:Bhagat Singh Koshyari 6873:D. V. Sadananda Gowda 6362:Puthiya Needhi Katchi 6352:Pattali Makkal Katchi 6317:Loktantrik Janata Dal 6217:Hindustan Janta Party 6182:Democratic Azad Party 5388:Basawon Singh (Sinha) 4858:www.outlookindia.com/ 3717:Mitra, H. N. (1994). 3452:The Janata Interludes 3177:1989 general election 2534:Deputy Prime Minister 1856:Kailash Chandra Joshi 1454:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman 1346: 1319:presidential election 1199:, where the ashes of 1153:Popular vote %: 1133:Popular votes % 916:Praja Socialist Party 829: 748:Constitution of India 662:On 25 June 1975, the 658:The Emergency (India) 487: 357:1977 general election 7479:Bharatiya Jana Sangh 7349:national secretaries 7329:Kailash Vijayvargiya 7229:Rajeev Chandrasekhar 7126:Keshav Prasad Maurya 6706:Atal Bihari Vajpayee 6555:Atal Bihari Vajpayee 6377:Rashtriya Lok Morcha 6262:Jannayak Janta Party 5999:Rashtriya Janata Dal 5924:Jannayak Janta Party 5914:Janata Dal (Secular) 5677:Baroda dynamite case 5559:Bharatiya Jana Sangh 5508:Neelam Sanjiva Reddy 5418:Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed 5383:Atal Bihari Vajpayee 3666:www.navodayatimes.in 3518:. 18 December 2021. 3236:Atal Bihari Vajpayee 3221:Rashtriya Janata Dal 3217:Janata Dal (Secular) 2585:Neelam Sanjiva Reddy 2566:Bharatiya Jana Sangh 2494:Bharatiya Jana Sangh 2463:Atal Bihari Vajpayee 2459:Bharatiya Jana Sangh 1987:Radhika Ranjan Gupta 1445:Atal Bihari Vajpayee 1440:Atal Bihari Vajpayee 1418:to become the Bihar 1368:Baroda dynamite case 1315:Neelam Sanjiva Reddy 1291:Ministry of Railways 1263:Atal Bihari Vajpayee 1177:Government formation 1060:Bharatiya Jana Sangh 935:Bharatiya Jana Sangh 901:Bharatiya Kranti Dal 810:Bharatiya Jana Sangh 724:Atal Bihari Vajpayee 668:Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed 628:Allahabad High Court 555:Bharatiya Jana Sangh 453:in those elections. 435:Bharatiya Jana Sangh 407:Atal Bihari Vajpayee 375:Allahabad High Court 222:Economic nationalism 207:Janata Mahila Morcha 153:Bharatiya Jana Sangh 117:23 January 1977 7545:Rajya Sabha members 7296:general secretaries 7250:Iqbal Singh Lalpura 7086:Pushkar Singh Dhami 7046:Bhupendrabhai Patel 7031:Himanta Biswa Sarma 7008:Himanta Biswa Sarma 6943:Gulab Chand Kataria 6788:Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi 6783:Ravi Shankar Prasad 6567:Murli Manohar Joshi 6327:Makkal Needhi Maiam 6157:Bahujan Mukti Party 6137:Gana Suraksha Party 6034:Shiromani Akali Dal 5969:Naga People's Front 5964:Naam Tamilar Katchi 5959:Mizo National Front 5939:Kerala Congress (M) 5919:Janata Dal (United) 5829:Apna Dal (Soneylal) 5758:Bahujan Samaj Party 5619:Shiromani Akali Dal 5463:Jayaprakash Narayan 5087:. 31 January 1989. 5054:. 4 February 2004. 4526:"Subramanian Swamy" 4372:. 23 January 2022. 4185:on 15 December 2008 3829:Library of Congress 3764:Library of Congress 3544:. 14 January 2022. 3213:Janata Dal (United) 2574:Jayaprakash Narayan 2530:Minister of Finance 2496:. On 16 June 1978, 1536:Prem Khandu Thungan 1293:and trade unionist 1219:Jayaprakash Narayan 1189:Jayaprakash Narayan 1039:, the party of the 1037:Shiromani Akali Dal 997:Jayaprakash Narayan 890:Constituent Parties 778:Jayaprakash Narayan 716:Vijaya Raje Scindia 692:Jayaprakash Narayan 574:Jayaprakash Narayan 391:Jayaprakash Narayan 108:Jayaprakash Narayan 7061:Mohan Charan Majhi 6978:Banwarilal Purohit 6958:Bandaru Dattatreya 6808:Sarbananda Sonowal 6758:Nirmala Sitharaman 6753:Bhavurao Deshpande 6686:A. P. Abdullakutty 6585:Jana Krishnamurthi 6212:Hamro Sikkim Party 6177:Congress (Secular) 6059:Telugu Desam Party 5834:Asom Gana Parishad 5488:M. G. Ramachandran 5468:Jivatram Kripalani 4995:. pp. 84–86. 4469:www.pmindia.gov.in 4315:The Indian Express 4179:The Indian Express 4148:320 Million Judges 4069:320 Million Judges 4037:320 Million Judges 4014:. pp. 40–50. 3244:Lal Krishna Advani 3092:Nellai R. Jebamani 2467:Lal Krishna Advani 2218:Bhajan Lal Bishnoi 1549:18 September 1979 1543:Arunachal Pradesh 1408:M. G. Ramachandran 1349: 1283:Minister of Health 1267:Lal Krishna Advani 1223:Jivatram Kripalani 1193:Jivatram Kripalani 1001:Jivatram Kripalani 822:Lal Krishna Advani 728:Lal Krishna Advani 696:Jivatram Kripalani 664:president of India 646:civil disobedience 618:, a leader of the 565:against Pakistan. 492: 387:Jivatram Kripalani 197:Janata Yuva Morcha 99:Navneet Chaturvedi 7553: 7552: 7535:Electoral history 7530:Integral humanism 7525:Hindu nationalism 7434:BJP Mahila Morcha 7392:Om Prakash Dhurve 7264:Aparajita Sarangi 7219:Rajiv Pratap Rudy 7209:Sudhanshu Trivedi 7166:Prem Chand Bairwa 7136:Vijay Kumar Sinha 7111:Devendra Fadnavis 7066:Bhajan Lal Sharma 7051:Nayab Singh Saini 6998:B. S. Yediyurappa 6908:Ram Prakash Gupta 6898:Devendra Fadnavis 6858:Prem Kumar Dhumal 6833:Sahib Singh Verma 6828:Madan Lal Khurana 6793:Sushil Kumar Modi 6708:(1996; 1998–2004) 6648:Radha Mohan Singh 6505: 6504: 6437:Swabhimani Paksha 6367:Puthiya Tamilagam 6064:Tipra Motha Party 5874:Goa Forward Party 5705: 5704: 5579:Dravidar Kazhagam 5564:Bharatiya Lok Dal 5538:Subramanian Swamy 5458:Jagmohanlal Sinha 5152:978-93-86950-35-2 5002:978-0-521-45970-9 4408:978-81-317-3465-0 4351:978-93-5150-032-2 4281:978-81-317-3465-0 4254:978-1-55970-803-6 4217:978-81-7017-061-7 4021:978-0-521-45970-9 3983:978-0-395-73097-3 3949:978-0-395-73097-3 3874:978-0-395-73097-3 3831:Country Studies. 3766:Country Studies. 3730:978-81-212-0213-8 3694:. 21 March 2022. 3347:978-1-55970-803-6 3267:Subramanian Swamy 3248:Subramanian Swamy 3153:Subramanian Swamy 3066:Secretary General 3024: 3023: 2630:Subramanian Swamy 2562:Bharatiya Lok Dal 2540:was shifted from 2538:Hirubhai M. Patel 2445: 2444: 2350:Ramakrishna Hegde 2325:17 February 1980 2296: 2282:11 December 1979 2279:9 September 1979 2249: 2202: 2188:17 February 1980 2155: 2141:17 February 1980 2138:28 February 1979 2107: 2093:4 September 1979 2018: 1976: 1962:13 November 1979 1934: 1920:17 February 1980 1840: 1793: 1779:28 February 1979 1746: 1732:16 February 1980 1699: 1685:14 February 1980 1652: 1605: 1591:17 February 1980 1563: 1540:Dirang Kalaktang 1424:Jammu and Kashmir 1380:Maruti Udyog Ltd. 1174: 1173: 1089:", especially in 1057:Hindu nationalist 896:Bharatiya Lok Dal 818:Ramakrishna Hegde 790:Bharatiya Lok Dal 640:, calling for a " 612:on 11 June 1975. 578:Acharya Kripalani 447:Indian Parliament 439:Bharatiya Lok Dal 313: 312: 300:Political parties 295:Politics of India 168:Succeeded by 143:Bharatiya Lok Dal 57: 56: 7603: 7449:State Presidents 7237:Syed Zafar Islam 7131:Samrat Chaudhary 7116:Yanthungo Patton 6933:Ramesh Pokhriyal 6883:Sunder Lal Patwa 6878:Jagadish Shettar 6843:Manohar Parrikar 6803:Suvendu Adhikari 6573:Kushabhau Thakre 6547:Party presidents 6532: 6525: 6518: 6509: 6508: 6312:Lok Insaaf Party 5746:National parties 5732: 5725: 5718: 5709: 5708: 5518:Pranab Mukherjee 5423:George Fernandes 5398:C. Achutha Menon 5367: 5366: 5355: 5348: 5341: 5332: 5331: 5313: 5312: 5310: 5308: 5281: 5275: 5274: 5272: 5270: 5255: 5249: 5248: 5246: 5244: 5224: 5218: 5217: 5215: 5213: 5194: 5188: 5187: 5185: 5183: 5163: 5157: 5156: 5138: 5132: 5131: 5129: 5127: 5107: 5101: 5100: 5098: 5096: 5077: 5068: 5067: 5065: 5063: 5044: 5038: 5037: 5035: 5033: 5013: 5007: 5006: 4984: 4967: 4966: 4964: 4962: 4942: 4936: 4935: 4933: 4931: 4911: 4905: 4904: 4902: 4900: 4880: 4874: 4873: 4871: 4869: 4850: 4841: 4840: 4838: 4836: 4817: 4811: 4810: 4808: 4806: 4787: 4781: 4780: 4778: 4776: 4757: 4751: 4750: 4748: 4746: 4727: 4721: 4720: 4718: 4716: 4697: 4691: 4690: 4688: 4686: 4667: 4661: 4660: 4658: 4656: 4637: 4631: 4630: 4628: 4626: 4607: 4601: 4600: 4598: 4596: 4577: 4571: 4570: 4568: 4566: 4547: 4541: 4540: 4538: 4536: 4522: 4516: 4515: 4513: 4511: 4491: 4485: 4484: 4482: 4480: 4461: 4455: 4454: 4452: 4450: 4431: 4425: 4424: 4422: 4420: 4392: 4386: 4385: 4383: 4381: 4362: 4356: 4355: 4337: 4331: 4330: 4328: 4326: 4307: 4298: 4297: 4295: 4293: 4265: 4259: 4258: 4240: 4234: 4233: 4231: 4229: 4201: 4195: 4194: 4192: 4190: 4171: 4162: 4161: 4143: 4120: 4119: 4114: 4112: 4089: 4083: 4082: 4064: 4051: 4050: 4032: 4026: 4025: 4003: 3988: 3987: 3963: 3954: 3953: 3929: 3923: 3922: 3920: 3918: 3896: 3879: 3878: 3854: 3845: 3844: 3842: 3840: 3821: 3780: 3779: 3777: 3775: 3756: 3750: 3749: 3744: 3742: 3714: 3708: 3707: 3705: 3703: 3688: 3682: 3681: 3679: 3677: 3658: 3652: 3651: 3649: 3647: 3628: 3619: 3618: 3616: 3614: 3595: 3589: 3588: 3586: 3584: 3564: 3558: 3557: 3555: 3553: 3538: 3532: 3531: 3529: 3527: 3512: 3503: 3502: 3500: 3498: 3480: 3474: 3473: 3471: 3469: 3446: 3440: 3439: 3438:. 10 March 2014. 3431: 3423: 3417: 3416: 3414: 3412: 3386: 3380: 3379: 3374: 3372: 3358: 3352: 3351: 3330: 3165:Sarojini Mahishi 3161:H. D. Deve Gowda 3157:Syed Shahabuddin 3146:Delhi High Court 3048:H. D. Deve Gowda 3017: 3016: 3006: 3005: 2998: 2974: 2973: 2963: 2962: 2955: 2931: 2930: 2920: 2919: 2912: 2888: 2887: 2877: 2876: 2869: 2845: 2844: 2834: 2833: 2826: 2802: 2801: 2791: 2790: 2783: 2759: 2758: 2748: 2747: 2740: 2716: 2715: 2705: 2704: 2697: 2667:Change in seats 2661:Seats contested 2652: 2651: 2612:Party Presidents 2542:Finance ministry 2417: 2405: 2381: 2364:10 January 1983 2339: 2322:20 January 1980 2290: 2261: 2243: 2214: 2196: 2167: 2149: 2120: 2101: 2072: 2060: 2046:20 January 1980 2043:18 January 1978 2012: 2004:4 November 1977 1970: 1928: 1903:Nilamani Routray 1899: 1887: 1873:18 January 1978 1852: 1834: 1805: 1787: 1762:Ram Naresh Yadav 1758: 1740: 1711: 1693: 1678:Himachal Pradesh 1664: 1646: 1617: 1599: 1557: 1501: 1500: 1372:George Fernandes 1295:George Fernandes 1289:was to head the 1231:George Fernandes 1118: 1117: 1109:election results 970:Chandrajit Yadav 864:Nandini Satpathy 806:George Fernandes 700:Anantram Jaiswal 570:President's rule 533:. Supporters of 531:Jawaharlal Nehru 499:Thakur Ji Pathak 495:Thakur Ji Pathak 489:Thakur Ji Pathak 423:Ramnandan Mishra 395:Anantram Jaiswal 338: 335: 332: 329: 326: 286: 252: 249: 161:(After Creation) 127: 125: 120: 83: 67: 66: 52: 49: 43: 31: 30: 23: 7611: 7610: 7606: 7605: 7604: 7602: 7601: 7600: 7556: 7555: 7554: 7549: 7508: 7455: 7416:Political wings 7410: 7404:Vijaya Rahatkar 7366:Bishweswar Tudu 7348: 7342: 7308:Bhupender Yadav 7295: 7289: 7277:Mmhonlumo Kikon 7186: 7180: 7151:Rajendra Shukla 7097: 7090: 7076:Yogi Adityanath 7012: 7003:Yogi Adityanath 6918:Nityanand Swami 6863:Babulal Marandi 6848:Keshubhai Patel 6773:Anandiben Patel 6736: 6717: 6698:Prime ministers 6692: 6653:Baijayant Panda 6643:Vasundhara Raje 6626: 6541: 6536: 6506: 6501: 6277:Jharkhand Party 6272:Jebamani Janata 6197:Goa Vikas Party 6109: 6103: 6029:Samajwadi Party 5909:Jana Sena Party 5844:Biju Janata Dal 5782: 5753:Aam Aadmi Party 5741: 5736: 5706: 5701: 5682:Shah Commission 5633: 5629:Swatantra Party 5547: 5428:Hans Raj Khanna 5413:Devakanta Barua 5408:Chandra Shekhar 5371: 5361: 5359: 5322: 5317: 5316: 5306: 5304: 5302: 5282: 5278: 5268: 5266: 5257: 5256: 5252: 5242: 5240: 5225: 5221: 5211: 5209: 5196: 5195: 5191: 5181: 5179: 5164: 5160: 5153: 5139: 5135: 5125: 5123: 5108: 5104: 5094: 5092: 5081:"Blundering On" 5079: 5078: 5071: 5061: 5059: 5046: 5045: 5041: 5031: 5029: 5014: 5010: 5003: 4985: 4970: 4960: 4958: 4943: 4939: 4929: 4927: 4912: 4908: 4898: 4896: 4881: 4877: 4867: 4865: 4852: 4851: 4844: 4834: 4832: 4819: 4818: 4814: 4804: 4802: 4789: 4788: 4784: 4774: 4772: 4759: 4758: 4754: 4744: 4742: 4729: 4728: 4724: 4714: 4712: 4699: 4698: 4694: 4684: 4682: 4669: 4668: 4664: 4654: 4652: 4639: 4638: 4634: 4624: 4622: 4609: 4608: 4604: 4594: 4592: 4587:. 7 June 2023. 4579: 4578: 4574: 4564: 4562: 4549: 4548: 4544: 4534: 4532: 4524: 4523: 4519: 4509: 4507: 4492: 4488: 4478: 4476: 4463: 4462: 4458: 4448: 4446: 4433: 4432: 4428: 4418: 4416: 4409: 4393: 4389: 4379: 4377: 4370:Hindustan Times 4364: 4363: 4359: 4352: 4338: 4334: 4324: 4322: 4317:. 22 May 2022. 4309: 4308: 4301: 4291: 4289: 4282: 4266: 4262: 4255: 4241: 4237: 4227: 4225: 4218: 4202: 4198: 4188: 4186: 4173: 4172: 4165: 4158: 4144: 4123: 4110: 4108: 4106: 4090: 4086: 4079: 4065: 4054: 4047: 4033: 4029: 4022: 4004: 3991: 3984: 3964: 3957: 3950: 3930: 3926: 3916: 3914: 3906:The Independent 3897: 3882: 3875: 3855: 3848: 3838: 3836: 3823: 3822: 3783: 3773: 3771: 3758: 3757: 3753: 3740: 3738: 3731: 3715: 3711: 3701: 3699: 3690: 3689: 3685: 3675: 3673: 3668:. 3 June 2023. 3660: 3659: 3655: 3645: 3643: 3636:Navbharat Times 3630: 3629: 3622: 3612: 3610: 3597: 3596: 3592: 3582: 3580: 3565: 3561: 3551: 3549: 3540: 3539: 3535: 3525: 3523: 3514: 3513: 3506: 3496: 3494: 3481: 3477: 3467: 3465: 3463: 3447: 3443: 3429: 3425: 3424: 3420: 3410: 3408: 3406: 3392:(20 May 2019). 3387: 3383: 3370: 3368: 3360: 3359: 3355: 3348: 3331: 3327: 3322: 3312: 3310:Further reading 3295: 3232:Chandra Shekhar 3205:Biju Janata Dal 3200: 3192: 3189:chakra-haldhar. 3099: 3089: 3084: 3079: 3068: 3042:Veerendra Patil 3039: 3034: 3029: 2999: 2996: 2956: 2953: 2913: 2910: 2870: 2867: 2827: 2824: 2784: 2781: 2741: 2738: 2698: 2695: 2650: 2648:Lok Sabha seats 2645: 2618:Chandra Shekhar 2614: 2490:Chandra Shekhar 2450: 2435:13 August 1988 2399: 2398: 2394:13 August 1988 2375: 2374: 2333: 2332: 2308:Sunderlal Patwa 2242: 2195: 2148: 2054: 2053: 2011: 1969: 1945:Yangmaso Shaiza 1927: 1881: 1880: 1833: 1809:Karpoori Thakur 1786: 1739: 1692: 1645: 1598: 1556: 1546:13 August 1975 1519:Term of office 1499: 1482: 1480:Economic policy 1436: 1428:Sheikh Abdullah 1396: 1360: 1354: 1287:Madhu Dandavate 1185: 1179: 1158:Janata Party / 1151: 1146: 1141: 1139:Janata alliance 1112: 995:, during which 988: 982: 954:Chandra Shekhar 911:Socialist Party 906:Swatantra Party 892: 814:Chandra Shekhar 794:Swatantra Party 773: 660: 654: 513:Having led the 511: 482: 399:Chandra Shekhar 336: 333: 330: 327: 309: 277:Election symbol 250: 247: 220: 160: 148:Socialist Party 123: 121: 118: 74: 73: 65: 62: 53: 47: 44: 41: 32: 28: 21: 12: 11: 5: 7609: 7599: 7598: 7596:Janata Parivar 7593: 7588: 7583: 7578: 7573: 7568: 7551: 7550: 7548: 7547: 7542: 7537: 7532: 7527: 7522: 7516: 7514: 7510: 7509: 7507: 7506: 7501: 7496: 7491: 7486: 7481: 7476: 7471: 7465: 7463: 7457: 7456: 7454: 7453: 7452: 7451: 7441: 7436: 7431: 7426: 7420: 7418: 7412: 7411: 7409: 7408: 7405: 7402: 7401:Narendra Singh 7399: 7394: 7389: 7384: 7382:Harish Dwivedi 7379: 7376: 7371: 7368: 7363: 7358: 7352: 7350: 7344: 7343: 7341: 7340: 7337: 7336:(Organisation) 7331: 7326: 7321: 7316: 7315:(Organisation) 7313:B. L. Santhosh 7310: 7305: 7299: 7297: 7291: 7290: 7288: 7287: 7284: 7279: 7274: 7271: 7266: 7261: 7256: 7251: 7248: 7245: 7242: 7239: 7234: 7231: 7226: 7221: 7216: 7211: 7206: 7201: 7196: 7190: 7188: 7182: 7181: 7179: 7178: 7176:Pravati Parida 7173: 7168: 7163: 7158: 7153: 7148: 7143: 7138: 7133: 7128: 7123: 7121:Brajesh Pathak 7118: 7113: 7108: 7102: 7100: 7092: 7091: 7089: 7088: 7083: 7078: 7073: 7071:N. Biren Singh 7068: 7063: 7058: 7053: 7048: 7043: 7038: 7036:Vishnu Deo Sai 7033: 7028: 7022: 7020: 7014: 7013: 7011: 7010: 7005: 7000: 6995: 6990: 6985: 6980: 6975: 6970: 6965: 6963:Draupadi Murmu 6960: 6955: 6950: 6945: 6940: 6935: 6930: 6928:B. C. Khanduri 6925: 6920: 6915: 6913:Jagdambika Pal 6910: 6905: 6900: 6895: 6890: 6885: 6880: 6875: 6870: 6865: 6860: 6855: 6850: 6845: 6840: 6835: 6830: 6825: 6820: 6815: 6810: 6805: 6800: 6795: 6790: 6785: 6780: 6775: 6770: 6765: 6760: 6755: 6750: 6744: 6742: 6738: 6737: 6735: 6734: 6727: 6725: 6719: 6718: 6716: 6715: 6714:(2014–present) 6709: 6702: 6700: 6694: 6693: 6691: 6690: 6688: 6683: 6680: 6675: 6670: 6665: 6660: 6655: 6650: 6645: 6640: 6634: 6632: 6628: 6627: 6625: 6624: 6623:(2020–present) 6618: 6612: 6606: 6600: 6594: 6591:Venkaiah Naidu 6588: 6582: 6579:Bangaru Laxman 6576: 6570: 6564: 6558: 6551: 6549: 6543: 6542: 6535: 6534: 6527: 6520: 6512: 6503: 6502: 6500: 6499: 6494: 6489: 6484: 6479: 6474: 6469: 6464: 6459: 6454: 6449: 6444: 6439: 6434: 6429: 6424: 6419: 6414: 6409: 6404: 6399: 6394: 6389: 6384: 6379: 6374: 6369: 6364: 6359: 6354: 6349: 6344: 6339: 6334: 6329: 6324: 6319: 6314: 6309: 6304: 6299: 6294: 6289: 6284: 6279: 6274: 6269: 6264: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6244: 6239: 6234: 6229: 6224: 6219: 6214: 6209: 6204: 6199: 6194: 6189: 6184: 6179: 6174: 6169: 6164: 6159: 6154: 6149: 6144: 6139: 6134: 6129: 6124: 6119: 6113: 6111: 6105: 6104: 6102: 6101: 6096: 6091: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6056: 6051: 6046: 6041: 6036: 6031: 6026: 6021: 6016: 6011: 6006: 6001: 5996: 5991: 5986: 5981: 5976: 5971: 5966: 5961: 5956: 5951: 5946: 5941: 5936: 5931: 5926: 5921: 5916: 5911: 5906: 5901: 5896: 5891: 5886: 5881: 5876: 5871: 5866: 5861: 5856: 5851: 5846: 5841: 5836: 5831: 5826: 5821: 5816: 5811: 5806: 5801: 5796: 5790: 5788: 5784: 5783: 5781: 5780: 5775: 5770: 5765: 5760: 5755: 5749: 5747: 5743: 5742: 5735: 5734: 5727: 5720: 5712: 5703: 5702: 5700: 5699: 5694: 5689: 5684: 5679: 5674: 5669: 5667:42nd Amendment 5664: 5662:39th Amendment 5659: 5657:38th Amendment 5654: 5647: 5641: 5639: 5635: 5634: 5632: 5631: 5626: 5621: 5616: 5611: 5606: 5601: 5596: 5591: 5586: 5581: 5576: 5571: 5566: 5561: 5555: 5553: 5549: 5548: 5546: 5545: 5540: 5535: 5530: 5525: 5520: 5515: 5510: 5505: 5500: 5495: 5493:M. Karunanidhi 5490: 5485: 5480: 5478:K. Karunakaran 5475: 5470: 5465: 5460: 5455: 5450: 5445: 5440: 5438:H. N. Bahuguna 5435: 5430: 5425: 5420: 5415: 5410: 5405: 5400: 5395: 5390: 5385: 5379: 5377: 5373: 5372: 5358: 5357: 5350: 5343: 5335: 5329: 5328: 5321: 5320:External links 5318: 5315: 5314: 5300: 5276: 5250: 5219: 5202:Indian Express 5189: 5172:Indian Express 5158: 5151: 5133: 5102: 5069: 5039: 5008: 5001: 4968: 4937: 4906: 4875: 4842: 4812: 4782: 4752: 4722: 4692: 4662: 4632: 4602: 4572: 4542: 4517: 4486: 4456: 4426: 4407: 4387: 4357: 4350: 4332: 4299: 4280: 4260: 4253: 4235: 4216: 4196: 4163: 4156: 4121: 4104: 4084: 4077: 4052: 4045: 4027: 4020: 3989: 3982: 3955: 3948: 3924: 3880: 3873: 3846: 3781: 3760:"The Congress" 3751: 3729: 3709: 3683: 3653: 3620: 3590: 3559: 3533: 3504: 3475: 3461: 3441: 3418: 3404: 3381: 3353: 3346: 3334:Shashi Tharoor 3324: 3323: 3321: 3318: 3317: 3316: 3311: 3308: 3307: 3306: 3301: 3294: 3291: 3275:Andhra Pradesh 3256:Pramod Mahajan 3199: 3196: 3173:chakra–haldhar 3142:Bofors scandal 3134:National Front 3118:Chandra Sekhar 3098: 3095: 3088: 3085: 3083: 3080: 3078: 3075: 3067: 3064: 3038: 3035: 3033: 3030: 3028: 3025: 3022: 3021: 3019: 3011: 3008: 3000: 2995: 2993: 2990: 2988:13th Lok Sabha 2985: 2979: 2978: 2976: 2968: 2965: 2957: 2952: 2950: 2947: 2945:12th Lok Sabha 2942: 2936: 2935: 2933: 2925: 2922: 2914: 2909: 2907: 2904: 2902:11th Lok Sabha 2899: 2893: 2892: 2890: 2882: 2879: 2871: 2866: 2864: 2861: 2859:10th Lok Sabha 2856: 2850: 2849: 2847: 2839: 2836: 2828: 2823: 2821: 2818: 2813: 2807: 2806: 2804: 2796: 2793: 2785: 2780: 2778: 2775: 2770: 2764: 2763: 2761: 2753: 2750: 2742: 2737: 2735: 2732: 2727: 2721: 2720: 2718: 2710: 2707: 2699: 2694: 2692: 2689: 2684: 2678: 2677: 2674: 2671: 2668: 2665: 2662: 2659: 2656: 2649: 2646: 2644: 2641: 2640: 2639: 2636: 2633: 2627: 2621: 2613: 2610: 2484:In June 1978, 2449: 2446: 2443: 2442: 2441:281 days 2439: 2438:21 April 1989 2436: 2433: 2428: 2423: 2418: 2411: 2407: 2406: 2395: 2392: 2389: 2383: 2382: 2371: 2368: 2365: 2362: 2357: 2352: 2347: 2345: 2341: 2340: 2329: 2326: 2323: 2320: 2318:Madhya Pradesh 2315: 2310: 2305: 2303: 2299: 2298: 2286: 2283: 2280: 2277: 2272: 2267: 2262: 2255: 2251: 2250: 2246:1977 elections 2239: 2236: 2233: 2230: 2225: 2220: 2215: 2208: 2204: 2203: 2192: 2191:302 days 2189: 2186: 2185:21 April 1979 2183: 2178: 2173: 2171:Ram Sundar Das 2168: 2161: 2157: 2156: 2145: 2144:354 days 2142: 2139: 2136: 2131: 2126: 2121: 2114: 2110: 2109: 2097: 2094: 2091: 2090:12 March 1978 2088: 2083: 2078: 2073: 2066: 2062: 2061: 2050: 2047: 2044: 2041: 2039:Madhya Pradesh 2036: 2031: 2026: 2024: 2020: 2019: 2008: 2007:101 days 2005: 2002: 1999: 1994: 1989: 1984: 1982: 1978: 1977: 1966: 1963: 1960: 1957: 1952: 1947: 1942: 1940: 1936: 1935: 1924: 1921: 1918: 1915: 1910: 1905: 1900: 1893: 1889: 1888: 1877: 1876:208 days 1874: 1871: 1868: 1866:Madhya Pradesh 1863: 1858: 1853: 1846: 1842: 1841: 1830: 1827: 1826:21 April 1979 1824: 1821: 1816: 1811: 1806: 1799: 1795: 1794: 1783: 1780: 1777: 1774: 1769: 1767:Nidhauli Kalan 1764: 1759: 1752: 1748: 1747: 1736: 1733: 1730: 1727: 1722: 1717: 1712: 1705: 1701: 1700: 1689: 1686: 1683: 1680: 1675: 1670: 1665: 1658: 1654: 1653: 1642: 1639: 1636: 1633: 1628: 1623: 1618: 1611: 1607: 1606: 1595: 1592: 1589: 1588:11 April 1977 1586: 1581: 1576: 1574:Babubhai Patel 1571: 1569: 1565: 1564: 1553: 1550: 1547: 1544: 1541: 1538: 1533: 1531: 1527: 1526: 1523: 1522:Tenure length 1520: 1517: 1514: 1511: 1508: 1505: 1498: 1495: 1481: 1478: 1435: 1434:Foreign policy 1432: 1420:Chief Minister 1412:Karpuri Thakur 1395: 1392: 1356:Main article: 1353: 1350: 1305:was appointed 1303:Shanti Bhushan 1281:was appointed 1201:Mahatma Gandhi 1178: 1175: 1172: 1171: 1168: 1165: 1162: 1156: 1135: 1134: 1131: 1128: 1125: 1122: 984:Main article: 981: 980:1977 elections 978: 977: 976: 947: 942: 937: 932: 931: 930: 928:Utkal Congress 925: 924: 923: 918: 908: 903: 891: 888: 772: 769: 734:(RSS) and the 656:Main article: 653: 650: 594:People's Front 510: 507: 481: 480:National units 478: 459:Prime Minister 334:People's Party 311: 310: 308: 307: 302: 297: 291: 288: 287: 279: 278: 274: 273: 270: 263: 262: 259: 255: 254: 245: 241: 240: 231: 225: 224: 215: 209: 208: 205: 199: 198: 195: 189: 188: 187: 186: 181: 176: 169: 165: 164: 163: 162: 155: 150: 145: 140: 133: 132:Merger of 129: 128: 115: 111: 110: 105: 101: 100: 97: 93: 92: 89: 85: 84: 76: 75: 71: 70: 63: 60: 55: 54: 35: 33: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7608: 7597: 7594: 7592: 7589: 7587: 7584: 7582: 7579: 7577: 7574: 7572: 7569: 7567: 7564: 7563: 7561: 7546: 7543: 7541: 7538: 7536: 7533: 7531: 7528: 7526: 7523: 7521: 7518: 7517: 7515: 7511: 7505: 7502: 7500: 7497: 7495: 7492: 7490: 7487: 7485: 7482: 7480: 7477: 7475: 7472: 7470: 7467: 7466: 7464: 7462: 7458: 7450: 7447: 7446: 7445: 7442: 7440: 7437: 7435: 7432: 7430: 7427: 7425: 7422: 7421: 7419: 7417: 7413: 7406: 7403: 7400: 7398: 7395: 7393: 7390: 7388: 7387:Pankaja Munde 7385: 7383: 7380: 7377: 7375: 7374:Sunil Deodhar 7372: 7369: 7367: 7364: 7362: 7359: 7357: 7354: 7353: 7351: 7345: 7338: 7335: 7332: 7330: 7327: 7325: 7322: 7320: 7317: 7314: 7311: 7309: 7306: 7304: 7301: 7300: 7298: 7292: 7285: 7283: 7280: 7278: 7275: 7272: 7270: 7267: 7265: 7262: 7260: 7257: 7255: 7252: 7249: 7246: 7243: 7240: 7238: 7235: 7233:Gaurav Bhatia 7232: 7230: 7227: 7225: 7222: 7220: 7217: 7215: 7212: 7210: 7207: 7205: 7202: 7200: 7199:Sanjay Mayukh 7197: 7195: 7192: 7191: 7189: 7183: 7177: 7174: 7172: 7169: 7167: 7164: 7162: 7159: 7157: 7156:Jagdish Devda 7154: 7152: 7149: 7147: 7144: 7142: 7139: 7137: 7134: 7132: 7129: 7127: 7124: 7122: 7119: 7117: 7114: 7112: 7109: 7107: 7104: 7103: 7101: 7099: 7093: 7087: 7084: 7082: 7079: 7077: 7074: 7072: 7069: 7067: 7064: 7062: 7059: 7057: 7054: 7052: 7049: 7047: 7044: 7042: 7041:Pramod Sawant 7039: 7037: 7034: 7032: 7029: 7027: 7024: 7023: 7021: 7019: 7015: 7009: 7006: 7004: 7001: 6999: 6996: 6994: 6993:Suresh Prabhu 6991: 6989: 6986: 6984: 6981: 6979: 6976: 6974: 6973:Kalraj Mishra 6971: 6969: 6968:Vajubhai Vala 6966: 6964: 6961: 6959: 6956: 6954: 6951: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6941: 6939: 6936: 6934: 6931: 6929: 6926: 6924: 6921: 6919: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6906: 6904: 6901: 6899: 6896: 6894: 6891: 6889: 6886: 6884: 6881: 6879: 6876: 6874: 6871: 6869: 6866: 6864: 6861: 6859: 6856: 6854: 6851: 6849: 6846: 6844: 6841: 6839: 6838:Sushma Swaraj 6836: 6834: 6831: 6829: 6826: 6824: 6821: 6819: 6816: 6814: 6811: 6809: 6806: 6804: 6801: 6799: 6796: 6794: 6791: 6789: 6786: 6784: 6781: 6779: 6776: 6774: 6771: 6769: 6766: 6764: 6761: 6759: 6756: 6754: 6751: 6749: 6746: 6745: 6743: 6739: 6732: 6729: 6728: 6726: 6724: 6720: 6713: 6712:Narendra Modi 6710: 6707: 6704: 6703: 6701: 6699: 6695: 6689: 6687: 6684: 6681: 6679: 6676: 6674: 6673:Bharti Shiyal 6671: 6669: 6668:Annpurna Devi 6666: 6664: 6661: 6659: 6656: 6654: 6651: 6649: 6646: 6644: 6641: 6639: 6636: 6635: 6633: 6629: 6622: 6619: 6616: 6613: 6610: 6609:Rajnath Singh 6607: 6604: 6603:Nitin Gadkari 6601: 6598: 6597:Rajnath Singh 6595: 6592: 6589: 6586: 6583: 6580: 6577: 6574: 6571: 6568: 6565: 6562: 6559: 6556: 6553: 6552: 6550: 6548: 6544: 6540: 6533: 6528: 6526: 6521: 6519: 6514: 6513: 6510: 6498: 6495: 6493: 6490: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6475: 6473: 6470: 6468: 6465: 6463: 6460: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6448: 6445: 6443: 6440: 6438: 6435: 6433: 6430: 6428: 6425: 6423: 6420: 6418: 6415: 6413: 6410: 6408: 6405: 6403: 6400: 6398: 6395: 6393: 6390: 6388: 6385: 6383: 6380: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6353: 6350: 6348: 6345: 6343: 6340: 6338: 6335: 6333: 6330: 6328: 6325: 6323: 6320: 6318: 6315: 6313: 6310: 6308: 6305: 6303: 6300: 6298: 6295: 6293: 6290: 6288: 6285: 6283: 6280: 6278: 6275: 6273: 6270: 6268: 6265: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6227:Ikkjutt Jammu 6225: 6223: 6220: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6180: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6115: 6114: 6112: 6106: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6037: 6035: 6032: 6030: 6027: 6025: 6022: 6020: 6017: 6015: 6012: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6002: 6000: 5997: 5995: 5992: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5982: 5980: 5977: 5975: 5972: 5970: 5967: 5965: 5962: 5960: 5957: 5955: 5952: 5950: 5947: 5945: 5942: 5940: 5937: 5935: 5932: 5930: 5927: 5925: 5922: 5920: 5917: 5915: 5912: 5910: 5907: 5905: 5902: 5900: 5897: 5895: 5892: 5890: 5887: 5885: 5882: 5880: 5877: 5875: 5872: 5870: 5867: 5865: 5862: 5860: 5857: 5855: 5852: 5850: 5847: 5845: 5842: 5840: 5837: 5835: 5832: 5830: 5827: 5825: 5822: 5820: 5817: 5815: 5812: 5810: 5807: 5805: 5802: 5800: 5797: 5795: 5792: 5791: 5789: 5787:State parties 5785: 5779: 5776: 5774: 5771: 5769: 5766: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5751: 5750: 5748: 5744: 5740: 5733: 5728: 5726: 5721: 5719: 5714: 5713: 5710: 5698: 5695: 5693: 5690: 5688: 5685: 5683: 5680: 5678: 5675: 5673: 5670: 5668: 5665: 5663: 5660: 5658: 5655: 5653: 5652: 5648: 5646: 5643: 5642: 5640: 5636: 5630: 5627: 5625: 5622: 5620: 5617: 5615: 5612: 5610: 5607: 5605: 5602: 5600: 5599:Janata Morcha 5597: 5595: 5592: 5590: 5587: 5585: 5582: 5580: 5577: 5575: 5572: 5570: 5567: 5565: 5562: 5560: 5557: 5556: 5554: 5552:Organisations 5550: 5544: 5541: 5539: 5536: 5534: 5531: 5529: 5528:Sanjay Gandhi 5526: 5524: 5521: 5519: 5516: 5514: 5511: 5509: 5506: 5504: 5503:Narendra Modi 5501: 5499: 5498:Morarji Desai 5496: 5494: 5491: 5489: 5486: 5484: 5481: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5461: 5459: 5456: 5454: 5451: 5449: 5446: 5444: 5443:Indira Gandhi 5441: 5439: 5436: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5406: 5404: 5401: 5399: 5396: 5394: 5391: 5389: 5386: 5384: 5381: 5380: 5378: 5376:Personalities 5374: 5370: 5365: 5356: 5351: 5349: 5344: 5342: 5337: 5336: 5333: 5327: 5324: 5323: 5303: 5301:9781316539002 5297: 5293: 5289: 5288: 5280: 5264: 5260: 5254: 5238: 5234: 5230: 5223: 5207: 5203: 5199: 5193: 5177: 5174:. p. 9. 5173: 5169: 5162: 5154: 5148: 5144: 5137: 5121: 5117: 5113: 5106: 5090: 5086: 5082: 5076: 5074: 5057: 5053: 5049: 5043: 5027: 5023: 5019: 5012: 5004: 4998: 4994: 4990: 4983: 4981: 4979: 4977: 4975: 4973: 4956: 4952: 4948: 4941: 4925: 4921: 4917: 4910: 4894: 4890: 4886: 4879: 4863: 4859: 4855: 4849: 4847: 4830: 4826: 4822: 4816: 4800: 4796: 4792: 4786: 4770: 4766: 4762: 4756: 4740: 4736: 4732: 4726: 4710: 4706: 4702: 4696: 4680: 4676: 4672: 4666: 4650: 4646: 4642: 4636: 4620: 4616: 4612: 4606: 4590: 4586: 4582: 4576: 4560: 4556: 4552: 4546: 4531: 4527: 4521: 4505: 4501: 4497: 4490: 4474: 4470: 4466: 4460: 4444: 4440: 4436: 4430: 4414: 4410: 4404: 4400: 4399: 4391: 4375: 4371: 4367: 4361: 4353: 4347: 4343: 4336: 4320: 4316: 4312: 4306: 4304: 4287: 4283: 4277: 4273: 4272: 4264: 4256: 4250: 4246: 4239: 4223: 4219: 4213: 4209: 4208: 4200: 4184: 4180: 4176: 4170: 4168: 4159: 4157:81-7017-061-3 4153: 4149: 4142: 4140: 4138: 4136: 4134: 4132: 4130: 4128: 4126: 4118: 4107: 4105:9788186030165 4101: 4097: 4096: 4088: 4080: 4078:81-7017-061-3 4074: 4070: 4063: 4061: 4059: 4057: 4048: 4046:81-7017-061-3 4042: 4038: 4031: 4023: 4017: 4013: 4009: 4002: 4000: 3998: 3996: 3994: 3985: 3979: 3975: 3971: 3970: 3962: 3960: 3951: 3945: 3941: 3937: 3936: 3928: 3912: 3908: 3907: 3902: 3895: 3893: 3891: 3889: 3887: 3885: 3876: 3870: 3866: 3862: 3861: 3853: 3851: 3834: 3830: 3826: 3820: 3818: 3816: 3814: 3812: 3810: 3808: 3806: 3804: 3802: 3800: 3798: 3796: 3794: 3792: 3790: 3788: 3786: 3769: 3765: 3761: 3755: 3748: 3736: 3732: 3726: 3722: 3721: 3713: 3697: 3693: 3687: 3671: 3667: 3663: 3657: 3641: 3637: 3633: 3627: 3625: 3608: 3604: 3600: 3594: 3578: 3574: 3570: 3563: 3547: 3543: 3537: 3521: 3517: 3511: 3509: 3492: 3488: 3487: 3479: 3464: 3462:9789389620184 3458: 3454: 3453: 3445: 3437: 3436: 3428: 3422: 3407: 3405:9780429722776 3401: 3397: 3396: 3391: 3390:Gould, Harold 3385: 3378: 3367: 3363: 3357: 3349: 3343: 3339: 3335: 3329: 3325: 3314: 3313: 3305: 3302: 3300: 3297: 3296: 3290: 3288: 3284: 3280: 3276: 3273:, Karnataka, 3272: 3268: 3263: 3261: 3260:Sushma Swaraj 3257: 3253: 3249: 3245: 3241: 3237: 3233: 3229: 3224: 3222: 3218: 3214: 3210: 3206: 3195: 3190: 3186: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3170: 3166: 3162: 3158: 3154: 3149: 3147: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3114: 3113: 3109: 3105: 3094: 3093: 3077:Uttar Pradesh 3074: 3072: 3071:Jeevaraj Alva 3063: 3061: 3060:M. P. Prakash 3057: 3055: 3051: 3049: 3045: 3043: 3020: 3012: 3009: 3001: 2994: 2991: 2989: 2986: 2984: 2981: 2980: 2977: 2969: 2966: 2958: 2951: 2948: 2946: 2943: 2941: 2938: 2937: 2934: 2926: 2923: 2915: 2908: 2905: 2903: 2900: 2898: 2895: 2894: 2891: 2883: 2880: 2872: 2865: 2862: 2860: 2857: 2855: 2852: 2851: 2848: 2840: 2837: 2829: 2822: 2819: 2817: 2816:9th Lok Sabha 2814: 2812: 2809: 2808: 2805: 2797: 2794: 2786: 2779: 2776: 2774: 2773:8th Lok Sabha 2771: 2769: 2766: 2765: 2762: 2754: 2751: 2743: 2736: 2733: 2731: 2730:7th Lok Sabha 2728: 2726: 2723: 2722: 2719: 2711: 2708: 2700: 2693: 2690: 2688: 2687:6th Lok Sabha 2685: 2683: 2680: 2679: 2675: 2672: 2669: 2666: 2663: 2660: 2657: 2654: 2653: 2637: 2634: 2631: 2628: 2625: 2622: 2619: 2616: 2615: 2609: 2607: 2603: 2598: 2595: 2590: 2586: 2581: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2554: 2553:Morarji Desai 2549: 2547: 2546:Home Ministry 2543: 2539: 2535: 2532:and becoming 2531: 2527: 2523: 2522:Indira Gandhi 2519: 2518:Morarji Desai 2515: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2482: 2480: 2474: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2440: 2437: 2434: 2432: 2429: 2427: 2424: 2422: 2419: 2416: 2412: 2409: 2408: 2403: 2402:1985 election 2393: 2391:8 March 1985 2390: 2388: 2385: 2384: 2379: 2378:1983 election 2372: 2367:7 March 1985 2366: 2363: 2361: 2356: 2353: 2351: 2342: 2337: 2336:1977 election 2330: 2328:28 days 2327: 2324: 2321: 2319: 2316: 2314: 2311: 2309: 2306: 2304: 2301: 2300: 2297: 2294: 2293:1978 election 2287: 2285:93 days 2284: 2281: 2278: 2276: 2273: 2271: 2268: 2266: 2263: 2260: 2256: 2253: 2252: 2247: 2240: 2237: 2234: 2232:28 June 1979 2231: 2229: 2226: 2224: 2221: 2219: 2216: 2213: 2209: 2206: 2205: 2200: 2199:1977 election 2193: 2190: 2187: 2184: 2182: 2179: 2177: 2174: 2172: 2169: 2166: 2162: 2159: 2158: 2153: 2152:1977 election 2146: 2143: 2140: 2137: 2135: 2134:Uttar Pradesh 2132: 2130: 2127: 2125: 2122: 2119: 2115: 2112: 2111: 2108: 2105: 2104:1978 election 2098: 2095: 2092: 2089: 2087: 2084: 2082: 2079: 2077: 2076:Golap Borbora 2074: 2071: 2067: 2064: 2063: 2058: 2057:1977 election 2051: 2048: 2045: 2042: 2040: 2037: 2035: 2032: 2030: 2027: 2025: 2022: 2021: 2016: 2015:1972 election 2009: 2006: 2003: 2001:26 July 1977 2000: 1998: 1995: 1993: 1990: 1988: 1985: 1983: 1980: 1979: 1974: 1973:1974 election 1967: 1964: 1961: 1959:29 June 1977 1958: 1956: 1953: 1951: 1948: 1946: 1943: 1941: 1938: 1937: 1932: 1931:1977 election 1925: 1922: 1919: 1917:26 June 1977 1916: 1914: 1911: 1909: 1906: 1904: 1901: 1898: 1894: 1891: 1890: 1885: 1884:1977 election 1878: 1875: 1872: 1870:24 June 1977 1869: 1867: 1864: 1862: 1859: 1857: 1854: 1851: 1847: 1844: 1843: 1838: 1837:1977 election 1831: 1828: 1825: 1823:24 June 1977 1822: 1820: 1817: 1815: 1812: 1810: 1807: 1804: 1800: 1797: 1796: 1791: 1790:1977 election 1784: 1781: 1778: 1776:23 June 1977 1775: 1773: 1772:Uttar Pradesh 1770: 1768: 1765: 1763: 1760: 1757: 1753: 1750: 1749: 1744: 1743:1977 election 1737: 1734: 1731: 1729:22 June 1977 1728: 1726: 1723: 1721: 1718: 1716: 1713: 1710: 1706: 1703: 1702: 1697: 1696:1977 election 1690: 1687: 1684: 1682:22 June 1977 1681: 1679: 1676: 1674: 1671: 1669: 1666: 1663: 1659: 1656: 1655: 1650: 1649:1977 election 1643: 1640: 1638:28 June 1979 1637: 1635:21 June 1977 1634: 1632: 1629: 1627: 1624: 1622: 1619: 1616: 1612: 1609: 1608: 1603: 1602:1975 election 1596: 1593: 1590: 1587: 1585: 1582: 1580: 1577: 1575: 1572: 1570: 1567: 1566: 1561: 1560:1978 election 1554: 1551: 1548: 1545: 1542: 1539: 1537: 1534: 1532: 1529: 1528: 1524: 1521: 1513:Constituency 1502: 1494: 1492: 1488: 1477: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1465:non-alignment 1462: 1457: 1455: 1451: 1446: 1441: 1431: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1391: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1376:Sanjay Gandhi 1373: 1369: 1364: 1359: 1345: 1341: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1322: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1297:was made the 1296: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1238: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1227:Morarji 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