530:
542:
473:, a peasants' revolt spurred by heavy taxation in support of the war effort against the English. Following the death of Louis of Anjou in 1384, John and his brother, the Duke of Burgundy, were the dominant figures in the kingdom. The king ended the regency and took power into his own hands in 1388, giving the governance of the kingdom largely to his father's former ministers, who were political enemies of the king's powerful uncles. John was also stripped of his offices in Languedoc at that time. John and the duke bided their time, and were soon able to retake power, in 1392, when the king had his first attack of insanity, an affliction which would remain with him throughout his life.
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In the 1390s, the dukes of Berry and
Burgundy would jockey for royal favor against the Duke of Orléans, Charles VI's brother. In April of 1401, while the Duke of Orléans was away from court, King Charles VI's uncles made him sign the lieutenancy of Languedoc, Berry, Auvergne, and Poitou back over to
671:
708:. "Like other works produced on the duke’s auspices, this model of elegance reflected many of the artistic tendencies of the time in its fusion of Flemish realism, of the refined Parisian style, and of Italian panel-painting techniques." Admiring the artistic productions of
495:
In his later years, John became a more conciliatory figure in France. After the death of Philip the Bold in 1404, he was the last surviving son of King John, and generally tried to play the role of a peacemaker between the factions of his nephews
1316:
Jean de Berry, la science et les Très Riches Heures, la devise Le temps venra et le chiffre EV sem-linkMme
Patricia Stirnemann sem-linkJean-Baptiste Lebigue Bulletin de la Société nationale des Antiquaires de France Année 2015 2010 pp. 298-304
728:. His curiosity to illumination and patronage led to much success on preserving and absorbing talented miniaturist painters. His spending on his art collection severely taxed his estates, and he was deeply in debt when he died in 1416 at Paris.
417:, and Poitou to administer those regions in his father's name while the king was a captive of the English. When Poitiers was ceded to England in 1360, his father granted John the newly raised duchies of Berry and Auvergne. By the terms of the
1494:
508:
side in the civil war that erupted, but was always a moderate figure, attempting to reconcile the two sides and promote internal peace. It was largely due to John's urging that
Charles VI and his sons were not present at the
421:, signed that May, John became a hostage of the English Crown and remained in England until 1369. Upon his return to France, his brother, now King Charles V, appointed him lieutenant general for Berry, Auvergne,
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fifty-nine years before, he feared the fate of France if the king and his heirs should be taken captive and he therefore successfully prevented their participation. John died on 15 June 1416 in
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778:, Jean de Berry made a decisive contribution to the renewal of art which took place in his time and to a number of religious houses, notably
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2015:
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504:. After the murder of Orléans at the orders of the Duke of Burgundy, he generally took the Orléanist or
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1976:
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Material
Culture and Queenship in 14th-century France: The Testament of Blanche of Navarre (1331-1398)
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of
Burgundy. He was Regent of France from 1380 to 1388 during the minority of his nephew
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John of Berry was also a notable patron who commissioned works such as the most famous
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Upon the death of his older brother
Charles V in 1380, the latter's son and heir,
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582:(1367–1435), who succeeded him as Viscountess of Carlat and married first
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was a minor, so John and his brothers, along with the king's maternal uncle the
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483:, a canonist and prelate, served John in his efforts to find a way to end the
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a few months after the battle, which proved as disastrous as he had feared.
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1559:
Figg, Kristen M.; Palmer, R. Barton, eds. (2001). "Notes and
Commentary".
1395:
Early Music
History: Volume 22: Studies in Medieval and Early Modern Music
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Strayer, J. R. (1982). Dictionary of the middle ages. New York: Scribner.
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331:
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381:
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Jean de France, duc de Berri, sa vie, son action politique (1340-1416)
654:
Owuoald (1370 – before 1382), born in
England during John's captivity.
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The Golden Age: Manuscript
Painting at the Time of Jean, Duc de Berry
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Drawings of the effigies of John, Duke of Berry and his second wife,
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in November of the same year, where he was forced to deal with the
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1599:
1368:(in French). Paris: Éditions A. et J. Picard et Cie. p. 448.
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430:
262:
1495:
Dossier thématique : La France en 1400 : Jean de Berry
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By his exacting taste, by his tireless search for artists, from
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1981:
1397:, ed. Iain Fenlon, (Cambridge University Press, 2003), 145-146.
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in 1415. Remembering his father's fate as a captive after the
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Women, Manuscripts and Identity in Northern Europe, 1350–1550
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by his father, and in 1358 he was named king's lieutenant of
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John is primarily remembered as a collector of the important
221:
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Works created for him include the manuscripts known as the
1610:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
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Jean Froissant: An Anthology of Narrative and Lyric Poetry
1335:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1327:
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1413:
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and other works of art commissioned by him, such as the
712:, John employed several well-known artists such as the
1587:. In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The
1372:
1322:
571:
John sired the following children by his first wife,
1510:
Le Jugement Du Roy de Behaigne and Remede de Fortune
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1345:
1391:Ars subtilior and the Patronage of French Princes
2339:
1438:, ed. William W. Kibler, (Routledge, 1995), 498.
786:After the death of John's maternal grandfather,
1541:Key Figures in Medieval Europe: An Encyclopedia
1497:at museedulouvre.fr (accessed 20 February 2008)
1484:. London: Book Club Associates. pp. 10–12.
2204:Petites Heures of Jean de France, Duc de Berry
487:that was not unfavorable to French interests.
2261:Belles Heures of Jean de France, Duc de Berry
2163:
1939:
1513:. University of Georgia Press. pp. 3–4.
1506:
738:Belles Heures of Jean de France, Duc de Berry
318:; 30 November 1340 – 15 June 1416) was
575:(1346–1387), whom he married in 1360:
393:on 30 November 1340, the third son of King
358:
798:entered into the service of John of Berry.
2170:
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1946:
1932:
1558:
1419:
794:(1346), the famed court composer and poet
140:
1507:Wimsatt, James; Kibler, Williams (2017).
682:John, Duke of Berry was the owner of the
385:Coat of arms of John, Duke of Berry, 1360
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1594:
1585:"Patronage of Jean de Berry (1340–1416)"
1537:
1447:
1378:
1339:
677:
669:
631:, (1375/1376–1397), first married
609:(1375–1434), who succeeded him as
465:acted as regents. He was also appointed
380:
650:Illegitimate son by a Scottish woman:
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2231:Les Très Belles Heures du duc de Berry
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146:Image of John, Duke of Berry from the
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674:A portrait of John kneeling in prayer
16:Member of French nobility (1340–1416)
2214:Les Très Belles Heures de Notre-Dame
1013:Agnes of France, Duchess of Burgundy
694:documented to reach Europe, in 1338.
658:In 1389 he married his second wife,
629:John de Valois, Count of Montpensier
452:
248:Jean de Valois, Count of Montpensier
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
13:
2267:Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry
2244:Les Grandes Heures du duc de Berry
14:
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1577:
646:Louis of Berry (1383, died young)
600:Jeanne of Berry (1373–1375)
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1731:
1715:
1678:
1436:Medieval France: An Encyclopedia
1223:Elisabeth of Bohemia (1292–1330)
810:Ancestors of John, Duke of Berry
747:. Goldsmith's work includes the
540:
528:
401:. In 1356, he was made Count of
23:
2317:Master of the Brussels Initials
1500:
1488:
1473:
1464:
1453:
722:Master of the Brussels Initials
467:Lieutenant General in Languedoc
389:John was born at the castle of
34:needs additional citations for
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1384:
1357:
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603:Beatrice of Berry (April 1374)
588:Bernard VII, Count of Armagnac
1:
2270:
2254:
2224:
2207:
1538:Emmerson, Richard K. (2013).
1077:Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor
893:Marguerite of Anjou and Maine
665:
660:Joan II, Countess of Auvergne
619:Philip of Artois, Count of Eu
555:Joan of Auvergne and Boulogne
535:Joan of Auvergne and Boulogne
490:
236:Joan II, Countess of Auvergne
184:Philippe II, Duke of Burgundy
2413:15th-century peers of France
2408:14th-century peers of France
1303:
801:
376:
252:Bonne, Viscountess of Carlat
7:
2368:Military governors of Paris
955:Robert II, Duke of Burgundy
584:Amadeus VII, Count of Savoy
10:
2434:
1589:Metropolitan Museum of Art
1568:Keane, Marguerite (2016).
1531:
1460:Victoria and Albert Museum
1434:, Richard C. Famiglietti,
1364:Lehoux, Françoise (1966).
1170:
1054:
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256:Marie, Duchess of Auvergne
2403:Jure uxoris officeholders
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637:Charles V, King of France
334:. His brothers were King
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189:Louis II, Duke of Bourbon
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2393:House of Valois-Burgundy
2198:Hours of Jeanne d'Evreux
2140:* Count through marriage
1909:Merged into royal domain
1692:Merged into royal domain
1624:House of Valois-Burgundy
1197:Wenceslaus II of Bohemia
690:, the earliest piece of
559:Hans Holbein the younger
373:("the time will come").
1607:Encyclopædia Britannica
1480:Thomas, Marcel (1980).
623:John I, Duke of Bourbon
355:illuminated manuscripts
2322:Master of the Parement
1420:Figg & Palmer 2001
1410:, (Ashgate, 2013), 25.
784:
695:
675:
615:Louis III of Châtillon
386:
359:
315:
2398:French art collectors
2363:People from Vincennes
768:
681:
673:
384:
58:"John, Duke of Berry"
2383:Dukes of Montpensier
2358:14th-century regents
2307:Jacquemart de Hesdin
1761:Count of Montpensier
1629:Cadet branch of the
1619:John, Duke of Berry
1591:, 2000–. (May 2009)
796:Guillaume de Machaut
772:Jacquemart de Hesdin
762:The web site of the
749:Holy Thorn Reliquary
718:Jacquemart de Hesdin
639:; and later married
595:Count of Montpensier
485:Great Western schism
300:John the Magnificent
206:Château de Vincennes
43:improve this article
2388:Counts of AngoulĂŞme
1601:"Berry, John"
1450:, pp. 381–382.
1432:John, Duke of Berry
1393:, Yolanda Plumley,
1135:Margaret of Brabant
1039:John, Duke of Berry
861:Philip VI of France
780:Notre Dame de Paris
741:and (parts of) the
633:Catherine of France
611:Duchess of Auvergne
567:Family and children
511:Battle of Agincourt
399:Bonne of Luxembourg
336:Charles V of France
316:Johannes de Bituria
1955:Counts of Poitiers
1912:Title next held by
1882:Title last held by
1864:Title next held by
1848:Count of AngoulĂŞme
1837:Title last held by
1695:Title next held by
1665:Title last held by
1255:Judith of Habsburg
733:Très Riches Heures
705:Très Riches Heures
696:
676:
613:and married first
593:Charles of Berry,
573:Joanna of Armagnac
515:Battle of Poitiers
419:Treaty of Brétigny
387:
361:Très Riches Heures
148:Très Riches Heures
2378:Dukes of Auvergne
2335:
2334:
2327:Limbourg brothers
2312:Pseudo-Jacquemart
2145:
2144:
1922:
1921:
1825:
1813:Succeeded by
1785:Count of Auvergne
1741:Succeeded by
1520:978-0-8203-5354-8
1300:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1103:John I of Bohemia
919:John II of France
835:Charles of Valois
776:Limbourg brothers
744:Turin-Milan Hours
714:Limbourg Brothers
692:Chinese porcelain
688:Jingdezhen, China
597:(1371–1383)
502:John the Fearless
453:Service as regent
395:John II of France
328:Count of Poitiers
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278:John II of France
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1941:
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1893:Count of Étampes
1854:
1822:as sole countess
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1775:Preceded by
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1751:Preceded by
1735:
1729:Duke of Auvergne
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1641:
1640:30 November 1340
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1161:Bonne of Bohemia
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498:Louis of Orléans
481:Simon of Cramaud
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340:Louis I of Anjou
288:Bonne of Bohemia
232:Joan of Armagnac
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156:Regent of France
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1857:c. 1372 – 1374
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1778:John II and III
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1676:Count of Poitou
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792:Battle of Crecy
726:André Beauneveu
668:
662:(c.1378-1424).
641:Anne de Bourbon
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477:Jean de Berry.
463:Duke of Bourbon
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365:. His personal
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2191:Books of hours
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2179:Books of hours
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1699:John IV and II
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1653:Regnal titles
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1613:
1612:
1598:, ed. (1911).
1596:Chisholm, Hugh
1592:
1579:
1578:External links
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1551:978-1136775185
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1412:
1406:Joni M. Hand,
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1281:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1041:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1002:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
992:
991:
989:
986:
985:
983:
977:
974:
973:
970:
969:
967:
964:
963:
961:
958:
957:
951:
948:
947:
944:
943:
941:
939:
937:
935:
933:
930:
929:
927:
924:
923:
921:
915:
912:
911:
908:
907:
905:
902:
901:
899:
896:
895:
889:
886:
885:
882:
881:
879:
877:
875:
872:
871:
869:
866:
865:
863:
857:
854:
853:
850:
849:
847:
844:
843:
841:
838:
837:
831:
829:
827:
825:
823:
821:
819:
812:
811:
805:
803:
800:
788:John the Blind
757:British Museum
755:, both in the
753:Royal Gold Cup
667:
664:
656:
655:
648:
647:
644:
635:, daughter of
626:
607:Marie of Berry
604:
601:
598:
591:
580:Bonne of Berry
568:
565:
552:
551:
546:
539:
538:
534:
527:
526:
525:
524:
523:
492:
489:
454:
451:
378:
375:
371:Le temps venra
291:
290:
285:
281:
280:
275:
271:
270:
265:
259:
258:
245:
239:
238:
229:
225:
224:
219:(aged 75)
213:
209:
208:
201:
197:
196:
193:
192:
181:
177:
176:
171:
167:
166:
163:
159:
158:
152:
151:
145:
137:
136:
128:
127:
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2430:
2419:
2418:Sons of kings
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2345:
2343:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2288:
2283:
2268:
2265:
2263:(1405–1408/9)
2262:
2259:
2250:
2245:
2242:
2240:(before 1402)
2237:
2232:
2229:
2220:
2215:
2212:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2189:
2184:
2183:John of Berry
2180:
2173:
2168:
2166:
2161:
2159:
2154:
2153:
2150:
2137:
2132:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1960:
1956:
1949:
1944:
1942:
1937:
1935:
1930:
1929:
1926:
1918:
1917:
1907:
1900:
1898:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1877:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1862:
1855:
1853:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1823:
1817:
1810:
1809:
1801:
1799:
1795:
1790:
1786:
1779:
1773:
1768:
1766:
1762:
1755:
1749:
1745:
1736:
1734:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1718:
1714:
1713:Duke of Berry
1708:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1690:
1683:
1681:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1660:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1639:
1634:
1633:
1626:
1625:
1616:
1609:
1608:
1602:
1597:
1593:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1581:
1571:
1566:
1562:
1557:
1553:
1547:
1544:. Routledge.
1543:
1542:
1536:
1535:
1522:
1516:
1512:
1511:
1503:
1496:
1491:
1483:
1476:
1467:
1461:
1456:
1449:
1448:Emmerson 2013
1444:
1437:
1433:
1428:
1421:
1416:
1409:
1403:
1396:
1392:
1387:
1380:
1379:Emmerson 2013
1375:
1367:
1360:
1354:, p. 17.
1353:
1348:
1341:
1340:Emmerson 2013
1336:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1319:
1313:
1309:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1259:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1236:
1235:
1230:
1229:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1208:
1207:
1202:
1201:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1174:
1173:
1168:
1167:
1162:
1156:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1145:
1140:
1139:
1136:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1116:
1115:
1110:
1109:
1104:
1098:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1088:
1087:
1082:
1081:
1078:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1050:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1024:
1023:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1008:
1007:
1004:
1003:
994:
993:
988:
987:
982:
981:Joan the Lame
976:
975:
972:
971:
966:
965:
960:
959:
956:
950:
949:
946:
945:
932:
931:
926:
925:
920:
914:
913:
910:
909:
904:
903:
898:
897:
894:
888:
887:
884:
883:
874:
873:
868:
867:
862:
856:
855:
852:
851:
846:
845:
840:
839:
836:
830:
818:
817:
814:
813:
809:
808:
799:
797:
793:
790:, during the
789:
783:
781:
777:
773:
767:
766:says of him:
765:
760:
758:
754:
750:
746:
745:
740:
739:
734:
729:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
706:
701:
700:Book of Hours
693:
689:
685:
684:Fonthill vase
680:
672:
663:
661:
653:
652:
651:
645:
642:
638:
634:
630:
627:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
605:
602:
599:
596:
592:
589:
585:
581:
578:
577:
576:
574:
560:
556:
547:John of Berry
543:
531:
522:
520:
516:
512:
507:
503:
499:
488:
486:
482:
478:
474:
472:
468:
464:
460:
450:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
383:
374:
372:
368:
363:
362:
356:
351:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
320:Duke of Berry
317:
313:
309:
308:Jean de Berry
305:
301:
297:
296:John of Berry
289:
286:
282:
279:
276:
272:
269:
266:
264:
260:
257:
253:
249:
246:
244:
240:
237:
233:
230:
226:
223:
214:
210:
207:
202:
198:
194:
190:
185:
182:
178:
175:
172:
168:
164:
160:
157:
153:
149:
143:
138:
135:
134:
133:Duke of Berry
129:
124:
121:
113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
2302:Jean Le Noir
2290:Main artists
2182:
2107:
2056:William VIII
1914:
1905:
1891:
1884:
1879:Royal domain
1875:
1866:
1860:
1846:
1839:
1834:Royal domain
1830:
1821:
1820:
1805:
1783:
1759:
1727:
1711:
1706:
1697:
1688:
1674:
1667:
1662:Royal domain
1658:
1647:15 June 1416
1644:
1637:
1630:
1622:
1605:
1569:
1563:. Routledge.
1560:
1540:
1509:
1502:
1490:
1481:
1475:
1466:
1455:
1443:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1415:
1407:
1402:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1374:
1365:
1359:
1347:
1312:
1038:
785:
769:
761:
742:
736:
732:
730:
710:Jean Pucelle
704:
697:
657:
649:
621:and finally
570:
494:
479:
475:
456:
388:
370:
352:
307:
299:
295:
294:
217:(1416-06-15)
215:15 June 1416
131:
120:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
2353:1416 deaths
2348:1340 births
2247: [
2234: [
2217: [
2200:(1324–1328)
2185:(1340–1416)
2051:William VII
2026:William III
586:, and then
423:Bourbonnais
332:Montpensier
191:(1382-1388)
186:(1382-1388)
2342:Categories
2273:1411–1416)
2257:1407–1409)
2227:1389–1409)
2210:1375–1390)
2078:William IX
2046:William VI
2031:William IV
2021:William II
1902:1399–1416
1770:1401–1416
1738:1360–1416
1722:1360–1416
1685:1357–1416
1352:Keane 2016
686:, made in
666:Art patron
491:Later life
459:Charles VI
348:Charles VI
174:Charles VI
69:newspapers
2041:William V
2016:William I
1992:Ranulf II
1977:Bernard I
1816:Joanna II
1808:Joanna II
1803:1404–1416
1707:New title
1304:Footnotes
802:Ancestors
411:Languedoc
391:Vincennes
377:Biography
342:and Duke
180:Co-Regent
165:1382-1388
99:June 2017
2122:François
2113:John III
2093:Alphonse
1999:Robert I
1996:Gauzbert
1987:Ranulf I
1886:Louis II
1794:Boulogne
1572:. Brill.
506:Armagnac
447:Normandy
435:Touraine
415:PĂ©rigord
407:Auvergne
324:Auvergne
2118:Charles
2108:John II
2088:Richard
2061:Eleanor
1916:Richard
1868:Louis I
1841:Charles
1669:John II
1532:Sources
774:to the
617:, then
471:Harelle
431:Sologne
338:, Duke
170:Monarch
162:Regency
83:scholar
2103:John I
2098:Philip
2011:Ebalus
2003:Ebalus
1982:Emenon
1972:Renaud
1968:Hatton
1965:Guerin
1906:Vacant
1876:Vacant
1861:Vacant
1831:Vacant
1754:John I
1689:Vacant
1659:Vacant
1643:
1548:
1517:
764:Louvre
735:, the
724:, and
720:, the
702:, the
445:, and
403:Poitou
304:French
284:Mother
274:Father
268:Valois
228:Spouse
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
2251:]
2238:]
2221:]
2072:Henry
2066:Louis
2036:Eudes
2007:Aymar
1806:with
1744:Marie
1645:Died:
1638:Born:
557:, by
519:Paris
443:Maine
439:Anjou
427:Forez
367:motto
312:Latin
263:House
243:Issue
222:Paris
90:JSTOR
76:books
2083:Otto
1792:and
1546:ISBN
1515:ISBN
1253:15.
1195:14.
1133:13.
1075:12.
1011:11.
953:10.
751:and
500:and
397:and
369:was
330:and
326:and
322:and
212:Died
200:Born
126:John
62:news
2181:of
1221:7.
1159:3.
1101:6.
1037:1.
979:5.
917:2.
891:9.
859:4.
833:8.
298:or
45:by
2344::
2271:c.
2255:c.
2249:fr
2236:fr
2225:c.
2219:fr
2208:c.
1604:.
1324:^
759:.
716:,
449:.
441:,
437:,
433:,
429:,
425:,
413:,
409:,
350:.
314::
310:,
306::
2269:(
2253:(
2223:(
2206:(
2171:e
2164:t
2157:v
2074:*
2068:*
1947:e
1940:t
1933:v
1554:.
1523:.
782:.
643:.
625:.
590:.
302:(
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
