428:. In 1971, he founded the All India SC, ST, OBC and Minority Employees Association and in 1978 this became BAMCEF, an organisation that aimed to persuade educated members of the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Other Backwards Classes and Minorities to support Ambedkarite principles. BAMCEF was neither a political nor a religious body and it also had no aims to agitate for its purpose. Suryakant Waghmore says it appealed to "the class among the Dalits that was comparatively well-off, mostly based in urban areas and small towns working as government servants and partially alienated from their untouchable identities".
706:
613:'s conversion. He intended for 50,000,000 of his supporters to convert at the same time. Part of the significance of this plan was that Ram's followers include not only untouchables, but persons from a variety of castes, who could significantly broaden Buddhism's support. However, he and his successor Mayawati decided to convert to Buddhism when BSP will form the absolute government in some states and government at the centre.
640:
in 2003. He died in New Delhi on 9 October 2006 of a severe heart attack at the age of 72. He had been virtually bed-ridden for more than two years. According to his wishes, his funeral rites were performed according to
Buddhist tradition, with Mayawati lighting the pyre. His ashes were placed in an
648:
described Ram as "one of the greatest social reformers of our time.. his political ideas and movements had a significant impact on our political evolution... He had a larger understanding of social change and was able to unite various underprivileged sections of our society and provide a political
482:
Gandhi's fast unto death. Ambedkar feared the possible consequences to the nascent Dalit movement if he had not. Ram believed that the separate electorates would have provided the Dalits autonomy and authority; it would have undermined the power of the upper castes who constituted a relatively
623:
when we will get 'absolute majority' at the centre. We wanted to do this because we can make a difference to the religion by taking along with us millions of people. If we convert without power then only we two will be converting. But when you have power you can really create a stir".
33:
1322:
491:
where Dalit leaders were made stooges of the upper caste. Dalit electorates had little say in getting their representatives elected even in seats reserved for them. Ram used the term to describe Dalit leaders such as
478:, and ‘many other rebellious spirits’ who worked for Dalit emancipation. In the Poona Pact, Ambedkar who had worked hard to earn separate electorates from the British, had to surrender the possibility due to
1476:
861:
417:
and witnessing the discrimination against a Dalit employee who wished to observe a holiday celebrating
Ambedkar's birth. Kanshi Ram strongly inspired by B. R. Ambedkar and his philosophy.
1267:
716:
There are many government programmes and schemes and public institutions named after Kanshi Ram in Uttar
Pradesh. His birthplace Pirthipur Bunga Sahib has a memorial with his statue.
1791:
407:. It was at this time that he first experienced caste discrimination and in 1964 he became an activist. Those who admire him point out that he was spurred to this after reading
500:. He argued that Dalits should work politically for their own ends rather than compromise by working with other parties. Opportunist mobilization of a section of Dalits in the
504:
age thus produces, what Kanshi Ram calls, an ‘alienation of the elite’. The Dalit elite could overcome this alienation by ‘payback to the oppressed and exploited society’.
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and Kanshi Ram joined hands to keep communal forces out of power by creating unity among the backward and Dalit castes and giving the popular slogan "
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After forming BSP, Ram said the party would fight first election to lose, next to get noticed and the third election to win. In 1988, he contested in
1115:
869:
834:
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smaller population. Ram argued that Gandhi manipulated
Ambedkar into signing the pact, and implied a defeat for the Dalits. This directly led to
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2034:
2029:
892:
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platform where their voices would be heard." Under Ram's leadership, the BSP won 14 parliamentary seats in the 1999 parliamentary elections.
1665:
1403:
717:
710:
1179:"17 castes included Shakyas, Rajbhar, Saini, Maurya and others members of this community are more inclined towards Mayawati and her BSP"
2009:
1573:
440:
400:
1817:
1268:"a new party loses the first election, gets noticed in the next and wins the third, these are Kanshiram ji's words – Yogendra Yadav"
808:
2024:
2014:
1282:
1005:
2049:
1323:"'Slogan hai': Some known and not-so-well-known electorally successful slogans - Sabko dekha bari bari, abki bari Atal Bihari"
1216:
573:, although due to some differences and Mayawati's ambition, this alliance broke up in June 1995, Mayawati became first time
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743:
432:
337:
535:
519:
170:
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954:
561:" (When Mulayam & Kanshiram come together, Jai Shri Ram vanishes). After the election, a coalition government of
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1979:
778:
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2019:
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384:. Some sources say his birthplace was the village of Pirthipur Bunga and others that it was Khawaspur village.
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530:(against Rajiv Gandhi) in 1989 and came in the third position on both the seats. Then he represented the 11th
2004:
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1994:
1974:
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1999:
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435:(DSSSS, or DS4). He started his attempt of consolidating the Dalit vote and in 1984 he founded the
425:
2069:
1197:"Annihilation, Identity, Representation: Kanshi Ram and the Conundrums of Dalit Political Agency"
918:"Kanshi Ram Death Anniversary: Know contributions made by Bahujan Nayak for upliftment of Dalits"
1411:
670:
1949:
1297:"Biographical Sketch of Member of XI Lok Sabha: KANSHI RAM, SHRI B.S.P. – HOSHIARPUR (PUNJAB)"
665:(stooge) for Dalit leaders who he alleged had selfish reasons to work for parties such as the
340:(DS-4), the All India Backwards (SC/ST/OBC) and Minorities Communities Employees' Federation (
2044:
1088:
1032:
974:
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636:. He suffered a heart attack in 1994, an arterial clot in his brain in 1995, and a paralytic
413:
333:
1581:
1989:
1984:
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452:
1195:
Jodhka, Surinder S. (30 September 2023), Pai, Sudha; Babu, D. Shyam; Verma, Rahul (eds.),
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8:
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1959:
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his successor said "Saheb Kanshi Ram and I had decided that we will convert and adopt
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1895:"Ready for release: A film on the journey of Kanshiram 'the great' – Times of India"
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was released in India, directed and produced by Arjun Singh, based on the story of
497:
205:
193:
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321:
1844:"Kejriwal wants Bharat Ratna for Dalit leader Kanshi Ram, gets Dullo's backing"
835:"How 'manyavar' Kanshiram stood up for a colleague and changed Indian politics"
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479:
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329:
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1348:"Continuity of govt policies may be a casualty as BJP, BSP take turns to rule"
1208:
1968:
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was written by Badri
Narayan Tiwari. His speeches are compiled in books like
448:
381:
251:
118:
42:
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493:
444:
1921:"3 Dalit youngsters who are breaking caste barriers to script own stories"
512:
1090:
Civility against Caste: Dalit
Politics and Citizenship in Western India
1034:
Civility against Caste: Dalit
Politics and Citizenship in Western India
763:
690:
594:
463:
1063:"88 and going strong: Beyond BSP, the reach of its founder Kanshi Ram"
783:
641:
urn and kept at Prerna Sthal, where many people paid their respects.
539:
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387:
After studies at various local schools, Ram graduated in 1956 with a
267:
597:
as equally corrupt. In 2001, he declared
Mayawati as his successor.
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633:
616:
610:
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and performed impressively but lost polling close to 70,000 votes.
365:
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90:
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38:
581:. In the late 1990s, Ram described the BJP as the most corrupt (
431:
Later, in 1981, Ram formed another social organisation known as
324:
who worked for the upliftment and political mobilisation of the
1870:"'Eco-friendly' Mayawati gifts Rs 834 cr park – Times of India"
1374:"Rediff on the NeT Elections '98: BSP to vote against Vajpayee"
747:
637:
369:
341:
451:, initially struggled to bridge the divide between Dalits and
424:(RPI) but became disillusioned with its co-operation with the
729:
348:(BSP) in 1984. He ceded leadership of the BSP to his protégé
271:
1203:(1 ed.), Cambridge University Press, pp. 193–209,
32:
1887:
661:(The Era of the Stooges), a book in which he used the term
404:
330:
backward or lower caste people including untouchable groups
1340:
578:
455:
but later under leadership of
Mayawati bridged this gap.
1767:"::Manyawar Kanshiram Institute of Tourism Management::"
1289:
809:"Kanshi Ram should be given the Bharat Ratna: Mayawati"
559:
Mile
Mulayam-Kanshi Ram, Hawa mein ud gaye Jai Shri Ram
1716:"Kanshiram housing scheme gets Rs 100Cr in new avatar"
893:"Ambedkar and Kanshi Ram – so alike, yet so different"
862:"This bard wants Kanshi Ram loyalists to spread wings"
1490:"Kanshi Ram, 72, a Voice for India's Outcasts, Dies"
1400:
https://m.rediff.com/news/2006/oct/16look.htm?zcc=rl
1818:"Govt to drop Kanshiram from Urdu-Farsi university"
1741:"OPD at Kanshiram hospital in Greater Noida starts"
1691:"Kanshi Ram Shahri Samagraya Vikas Yojna developed"
1640:"Kanshiram: Leader of the Dalits | DALITLITERATURE"
1549:"Kanshi Ram's ashes will not be immersed: Mayavati"
605:In 2002, Ram announced his intention to convert to
600:
644:In his condolence message, Indian Prime Minister
439:(BSP). He fought his first election in 1984 from
1966:
1283:"A quarter century of Kanshi Ram & Mayawati"
308:(15 March 1934 – 9 October 2006), also known as
1666:"Book Review | Kanshiram: Leader of the Dalits"
1615:"Biographical Sketch of Member of XI Lok Sabha"
1366:
754:founder Kanshi Ram from his childhood to 1984.
683:Bahujan Nayak Kanshiram Ke Avismarniya Bhashan
1236:
1234:
401:Explosive Research and Development Laboratory
1116:"Chhattisgarh polls: Towards a photo finish"
609:on 14 October 2006, the 50th anniversary of
884:
718:Manyawar Shri Kanshiram Ji Green Eco Garden
711:Manyawar Shri Kanshiram Ji Green Eco Garden
1231:
1000:
998:
996:
976:Behenji: A Political Biography of Mayawati
538:, Kanshiram was also elected as member of
68:14 April 1984 – 18 September 2003
31:
1792:"Kanshiram Memorial Trauma Centre Kanpur"
1463:Mayawati claims Saheb Kanshi Ram's legacy
1087:Waghmore, Suryakant (30 September 2013).
1031:Waghmore, Suryakant (30 September 2013).
720:in Lucknow has been named in his memory.
569:was formed in UP under the leadership of
1472:
1470:
1448:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1280:
1086:
1030:
704:
993:
942:
890:
697:by Bahujan Samaj Publications in 1997.
336:. Towards this end, Kanshi Ram founded
1967:
1960:Profile on Bahujan Samaj Party website
1764:
1487:
1194:
1113:
968:
966:
391:degree from Government College Ropar.
1467:
1404:"Mayawati claims Kanshi Ram's legacy"
1190:
1188:
1147:
1060:
1056:
1054:
859:
462:, on the fiftieth anniversary of the
399:Kanshi Ram joined the offices of the
2035:Lok Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh
2030:Lok Sabha members from Punjab, India
1663:
1114:Bagchi, Suvojit (17 November 2013).
972:
860:Singh, Rajesh Kumar (30 July 2015).
687:Writings & Speeches of Kanshiram
458:In 1982, he published his only book
433:Dalit Shoshit Samaj Sangharsh Samiti
338:Dalit Shoshit Samaj Sangharsh Samiti
963:
677:was also published. His biography,
520:East Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency)
13:
1488:Hevesi, Dennis (10 October 2006).
1185:
1051:
14:
2081:
2010:Converts to Buddhism from Sikhism
1943:
1580:. 19 October 2006. Archived from
1061:Yadav, Shyamlal (16 March 2022).
518:He unsuccessfully contested from
98:Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha
1574:"Maya gives city traffic blues!"
511:against a future Prime Minister
2025:Indian political party founders
2015:Bahujan Samaj Party politicians
1913:
1862:
1836:
1810:
1784:
1758:
1733:
1708:
1683:
1657:
1632:
1607:
1603:Indian Dalit leader passes away
1596:
1566:
1541:
1515:
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1456:
1392:
1315:
1274:
1260:
1176:
1170:
1141:
1107:
1080:
946:Kanshiram: Leader of the Dalits
689:compiled by S. S. Gautam &
679:Kanshiram: Leader of the Dalits
601:Proposed conversion to Buddhism
575:Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh
528:Amethi (Lok Sabha constituency)
354:Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh
126:Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha
1950:Profile on Parliament of India
1523:"Kanshi Ram breathes his last"
1024:
936:
910:
891:Narayan, Badri (11 May 2012).
853:
827:
801:
551:Demolition of the Babri Masjid
1:
2050:People from Rupnagar district
794:
789:Azad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)
359:
352:who has served four terms as
320:was an Indian politician and
1201:Dalits in the New Millennium
695:The Editorials of Kanshi Ram
420:Ram initially supported the
364:KanshiRam Ji was born to a
7:
2060:People from Etawah district
1242:"Return of the chamcha age"
757:
466:. He dedicated the book to
447:. The BSP found success in
10:
2086:
1664:Bose, Ajoy (31 May 2014).
1006:"The man who saw tomorrow"
979:. Penguin UK. p. 35.
949:. Penguin UK. p. 25.
739:The Great Leader Kanshiram
657:In 1982, Kanshi Ram wrote
372:caste on 15 March 1934 in
293:Kansi Ram Official Website
1209:10.1017/9781009231220.011
723:
709:Kanshi Ram's memorial at
700:
585:) party in India and the
422:Republican Party of India
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53:
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30:
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667:Indian National Congress
652:
627:
587:Indian National Congress
426:Indian National Congress
2040:Indian social reformers
1765:Upaddhayay, Dr. Sunil.
943:Narayan, Badri (2014).
2020:People from Hoshiarpur
713:
671:Bharatiya Janata Party
453:Other Backward Classes
1281:SUBRAHMANIAM, VIDYA.
708:
414:Annihilation of Caste
334:caste system in India
332:at the bottom of the
54:1st President of the
2005:Converts to Buddhism
1352:India Today 15041997
1153:"The Dalit Chanakya"
1093:. Sage. p. 40.
1037:. Sage. p. 39.
2055:India MPs 1991–1996
1980:India MPs 1996–1997
1402:(10 October 2006).
1151:(23 October 2006).
973:Bose, Ajoy (2009).
779:Chandrashekhar Azad
769:Bahujan Samaj Party
752:Bahujan Samaj Party
571:Mulayam Singh Yadav
567:Bahujan Samaj Party
555:Mulayam Singh Yadav
437:Bahujan Samaj Party
346:Bahujan Samaj Party
282:Bahujan Samaj Party
56:Bahujan Samaj Party
1899:The Times of India
1874:The Times of India
1848:The Indian Express
1822:The Indian Express
1796:hindustantimes.com
1745:The Times of India
1720:The Times of India
1695:The Times of India
1584:on 22 October 2012
1494:The New York Times
1327:The Economic Times
1301:IIS Windows Server
1246:The Indian Express
1067:The Indian Express
1010:The Indian Express
714:
546:in Uttar Pradesh.
344:) in 1971 and the
79:office established
1995:Indian socialists
1975:Dalit politicians
1901:. 9 February 2017
1435:External link in
1414:on 1 October 2007
1248:. 3 November 2014
1218:978-1-009-23122-0
1177:Lal, Ratan Mani.
1149:Rawat, Ramnarayan
872:on 14 August 2015
632:Kanshi Ram was a
534:(1996-1998) from
303:
302:
37:Kanshi Ram Ji at
16:Indian politician
2077:
2000:Indian Buddhists
1955:Shri Kanshi Ram
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1529:. 9 October 2006
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1460:
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1410:. Archived from
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868:. Archived from
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841:. 9 October 2018
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825:
824:
822:
820:
805:
673:(BJP). His book
498:Ram Vilas Paswan
295:
264:
240:
238:
226:Personal details
206:Ram Singh Shakya
202:
194:Ram Singh Shakya
190:
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35:
21:
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1964:
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1927:. 12 March 2016
1925:Hindustan Times
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1850:. 16 March 2016
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1380:. 20 March 1998
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1354:. 15 April 1997
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1303:. 15 March 1934
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924:. 15 March 2019
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815:. 15 March 2016
807:
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685:by Anuj Kumar,
675:Birth of BAMCEF
659:The Chamcha Age
655:
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591:Samajwadi Party
563:Samajwadi Party
460:The Chamcha Age
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322:social reformer
318:Sahab Kanshiram
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1944:External links
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1553:Rediff.com
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795:References
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732:-language
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595:Janata Dal
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368:family of
360:Early life
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1120:The Hindu
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617:Mayawati
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443:seat in
411:'s book
366:Ramdasia
350:Mayawati
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314:Manyavar
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