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1039:, each time with official results showing over 80 per cent of voters approving his candidacy. Parliamentary elections were also controlled by Kaunda. In the 1978 UNIP elections, Kaunda amended the party's constitution to bring in rules that invalidated the challengers' nominations: Kapwepwe was told he could not stand because only people who had been members for five years could be nominated to the presidency (he had only rejoined UNIP three years before); Nkumbula and a third contender, businessman Robert Chiluwe, were outmanoeuvred by introducing a new rule that said each candidate needed the signatures of 200 delegates from
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had to invest heavily in education at all levels. Kaunda instituted a policy where all children, irrespective of their parents' ability to pay, were given free exercise books, pens, and pencils. The parents' main responsibility was to buy uniforms, pay a token "school fee" and ensure that the children attended school. This approach meant that the best pupils were promoted to achieve their best results, all the way from primary school to university level. Not every child could go to secondary school, for example, but those who did were well educated.
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973:. The commission's terms of reference did not permit it to discuss the possible faults of Kaunda's decision, but instead to concentrate on the practical details of the move to a one-party state. Finally, Kaunda neutralised Nkumbula by getting him to join UNIP and accept the Choma Declaration on 27 June 1973. The new constitution was formally promulgated on 25 August of that year. At the first elections under the new system held that December, Kaunda was the sole candidate.
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1152:, which ultimately provoked a reaction from the United States. Kaunda responded to the United States, stating that after numerous failed attempts to purchase weapons, buying from the Soviets was justified in his duty to protect his citizens and Zambian national security. His attempted purchase of modern American weapons may have been a political tactic to use fear to establish his one-party rule over Zambia.
929:(IMF), and the Third National Development Plan had to be abandoned as crisis management replaced long-term planning. His weak attempts at economic reforms in the 1980s hastened Zambia's decline. A number of negotiations with the IMF followed, and by 1990 Kaunda was forced into partial privatisation of the state-owned corporations. The country's economic woes ultimately contributed to his fall from power.
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763:. In 1955 Kaunda and Nkumbula were imprisoned for two months with hard labour for distributing subversive literature. The two leaders drifted apart as Nkumbula became increasingly influenced by white liberals and failing to defend indigenous Africans, Kaunda led a dissident group to Nkumbula that eventually broke with the ANC and founded his own party, the
1092:. Kaunda's administration later attempted to serve the role of a mediator between the entrenched white minority and colonial governments and the various guerrilla movements which were aimed at overthrowing these respective administrations. Beginning in the early 1970s, he began permitting the most prominent guerrilla organisations, such as the Rhodesian
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ethnic group which is located in northern Zambia. His father died when
Kenneth was a child. This is where Kenneth Kaunda received his education until the early 1940s. He later on followed in his parents' footsteps and became a teacher; first in Northern Rhodesia but then in the middle of the 1940s he
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process was far from complete. The nation's educational system was one of the most poorly developed in all of
Britain's former colonies, and it had just a hundred university graduates and no more than 6,000 indigenous inhabitants with two years or more of secondary education. Because of this, Zambia
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in 1997 he was arrested by paramilitary policemen. However, many officials in the region appealed against this; on New Year's Eve of the same year, he was placed under house arrest until his court date. In 1999 Kaunda was declared stateless by the Ndola High Court in a judgment delivered by
Justice
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While expressing willingness to have the
Zambian people vote on a multiparty system, Kaunda maintained that only a one-party state could prevent tribalism and violence from engulfing the country. By September, however, opposition demands forced Kaunda to reverse course. He cancelled the referendum,
911:
Deciding on a planned economy, Zambia instituted a programme of national development, under the direction of the
National Commission for Development Planning, which instituted a "Transitional Development Plan" and the "First National Development Plan". The two operations brought major investment in
1489:
On 14 June 2021, Kaunda was admitted to Maina Soko
Military Hospital in Lusaka to be treated for an undisclosed medical condition. The Zambian government said medics were doing everything they could to make him recover, though it was not clear what his health condition was. On 15 June 2021, it was
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in 1967, Kaunda inquired if the United States would provide him with long-range missile systems. This request for modern weapons even included missiles with nuclear warheads. All of his requests for modern weapons were refused by the United States. Kaunda
Supported the succession of Biafra when he
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Several other nations also announced periods of state mourning. Zimbabwe declared fourteen days of mourning; South Africa declared ten days of mourning; Botswana, Malawi, Namibia and
Tanzania all declared seven days of mourning; Mozambique declared six days of mourning; South Sudan declared three
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After leaving office, Kaunda clashed frequently with
Chiluba's government and the MMD. Chiluba later attempted to deport Kaunda on the grounds that he was a Malawian. The MMD-dominated government under the leadership of Chiluba had the constitution amended, barring citizens with foreign parentage
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Matters quickly came to a head in 1990. In July, amid three days of rioting in the capital, Kaunda announced a referendum on whether to legalise other parties would be held that
October. However, he argued for maintaining UNIP's monopoly, claiming that a multiparty system would lead to chaos. The
646:
Kaunda was the first president of independent Zambia. In 1973, following tribal and inter-party violence, all political parties except UNIP were banned through an amendment of the constitution after the signing of the Choma Declaration. At the same time, Kaunda oversaw the acquisition of majority
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in Washington, D.C., and delivered a powerful speech calling for the United States to play a more active and constructive role in southern Africa. Until approximately 1984, Kaunda was arguably the key African leader involved in international diplomacy regarding the conflicts in Angola, Rhodesia
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969:, which Kaunda immediately attempted to suppress. Next, he appointed the Chona Commission, which was set up under the chairmanship of Mainza Chona in February 1972. Chona's task was to make recommendations for a new Zambian constitution which would effectively reduce the nation to a
1432:
On 4 June 1998, Kaunda announced that he was resigning as United National Independence Party leader and retiring from politics. After retiring in 2000, he was involved in various charitable organisations. His most notable contribution was his zeal in the fight against the spread of
980:. He developed a left nationalist-socialist ideology, called Zambian Humanism. This was based on a combination of mid-20th-century ideas of central planning/state control and what he considered basic African values: mutual aid, trust, and loyalty to the community. Similar forms of
863:, offering business studies, industrial studies and environmental studies. Other tertiary-level institutions established during Kaunda's era were vocationally focused and fell under the aegis of the Department of Technical Education and Vocational Training. They include the
960:
From 1964 onwards, Kaunda's government developed authoritarian characteristics. Becoming increasingly intolerant of opposition, Kaunda banned all parties except UNIP following violence during the 1968 elections. However, in early 1972, he faced a new threat in the form of
887:
Kaunda's newly independent government inherited a country with one of the most vibrant economies in sub-Saharan Africa, largely on account of its rich mineral deposits, albeit one that was largely under the control of foreign and multinational interests. For example, the
1180:. While there were disagreements between Kaunda and US leaders (such as when Zambia purchased Soviet MiG fighters or when he accused two American diplomats of being spies), Kaunda generally enjoyed a positive relationship with the United States during these years.
1494:, which according to his doctor, had been a recurring problem in his health. On 17 June 2021 it was confirmed that he died at the age of 97 after a short illness at Maina Soko Military Hospital. He was survived by 30 grandchildren and eleven great-grandchildren.
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was broken three to four hours later, but it was clear Kaunda and the UNIP were reeling. Kaunda tried to mollify the opposition by moving the referendum to August 1991; the opposition claimed the original date did not allow enough time for voter registration.
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Reforms, which sought to bring Zambia's foreign-owned corporations under national control under the Industrial Development Corporation. Over the subsequent years, a number of mining corporations were nationalised, although the country's banks, such as
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His ineptness at economic management blighted his country's development after independence. Despite having some of the finest farming land in Africa, Kaunda adopted the same socialist agricultural policies as Tanzania, with disastrous results.
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Meanwhile, the anti-white minority insurgency conflicts of southern Africa continued to place a huge economic burden on Zambia as white minority governments were the country's main trading partners. In response, Kaunda negotiated the
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campaign in Northern Province, the so-called Cha-cha-cha campaign, which consisted largely of arson and obstructing significant roads. Kaunda subsequently ran as a UNIP candidate during the 1962 elections. This resulted in a UNIP–ANC
925:, remained foreign-owned. The Zambian economy suffered a setback from 1973, when rising oil prices and falling copper prices combined to reduce the state's income from the nationalised mines. The country fell into debt with the
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Kaunda was a teacher at the Upper Primary School and Boarding Master at Lubwa and then Headmaster at Lubwa from 1943 to 1945. For a time, he worked at the Salisbury and Bindura Mine. In early 1948, he became a teacher in
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for alleged espionage. He was accompanied by a British nurse, Daphne Parish, who was also arrested. Bazoft was later tried, convicted, and executed, but Kaunda managed to negotiate for his female companion's release.
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Van Niererk, Phillip (3 December 1994). "A transcendent approach to peace Mozambique / Both the crime and accident rates are down and the rains have come. The President credits TM as the fount of all good things".
1369:, an Indian guru who promised that he would use it for a network of utopian agricultural enclaves that proponents said would create "Heaven on Earth". Kaunda was forced in a television interview to deny practising
1235:
on the Indian Ocean. Completed in 1975, this was the only route for bulk trade which did not have to transit white-dominated territories. This precarious situation lasted more than 20 years, until the abolition of
1373:. When Kaunda handed power to Chiluba on 2 November 1991, he became the second mainland African head of state to allow free multiparty elections and to relinquish power peacefully after he had lost. The first,
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industry in the late 1960s and the volatility of international copper prices contributed to increased economic problems, matters were aggravated by his logistical support for the black nationalist movements in
1485:
He also wrote music about the independence he hoped to achieve, although only one song has been known to many Zambians ("Tiyende pamodzi ndi mtima umo" literally meaning "Let's walk together with one heart").
4708:
1361:, swept UNIP from power in a landslide. In the presidential election, Kaunda was roundly defeated, taking only 24 per cent of the vote to Chiluba's 75 per cent. UNIP was cut down to only 25 seats in the
694:(now Malawi) and had moved to Chinsali, to work at Lubwa Mission. His mother was also a teacher and was the first African woman to teach in colonial Northern Rhodesia. They were both teachers among the
786:(UNIP), the successor to ZANC. However, Chona did not see himself as the party's main founder. When Kaunda was released from prison in January 1960 he was elected president of UNIP. In 1960 he visited
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and the Natural Resources Development College (both in Lusaka), the Northern Technical College at Ndola, the Livingstone Trades Training Institute in Livingstone, and teacher-training colleges.
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5035:"Zambia, Independence and Beyond : The Speeches of Kenneth Kaunda by Kaunda, Kenneth David [ Legum, Colin ; editor: ]: orig. boards (1966) | Expatriate Bookshop of Denmark"
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1305:, whom he claimed to have attempted to dissuade from invading Kuwait. A street in Lusaka was named in Saddam's honour, although the name was later changed when both leaders had left power.
807:. In January 1964, UNIP won the next major elections, defeating their ANC rivals and securing Kaunda's position as prime minister. On 24 October 1964 he became the first president of an
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for the United Missions to the Copperbelt (UMCB). He was then assistant at an African Welfare Centre and Boarding Master of a Mine School in Mufulira. In this period, he was leading a
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announced that Kaunda's remains would be taken on a funeral procession around the country's provinces, with church services in each provincial capital, prior to a state funeral at
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In the first twenty years of Kaunda's presidency, he and his advisors sought numerous times to acquire modern weapons from the United States. In a letter written to US president
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was opened in Lusaka in 1966, after Zambians all over the country had been encouraged to donate whatever they could afford towards its construction. Kaunda was appointed
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and officiated at the first graduation ceremony in 1969. The main campus was situated on the Great East Road, while the medical campus was located at Ridgeway near the
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Speech by The Honorable Kenneth D. Kaunda at the ceremonies at which he received the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws from Fordham University, Tuesday, May 21, 1963
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diet and commented that "I don't take meat, no eggs, no chicken, I only eat vegetables like an elephant". He also avoided alcohol and gave up drinking tea in 1953.
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As president of UNIP, and under the country's one-party state system, Kaunda was the only candidate for president of the republic in the general elections of
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and a slump in export revenues put Zambia in a state of economic crisis. International pressure forced Kaunda to change the rules that had kept him in power.
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was maligned and subjected to mudslinging by some sections of the world, who were against his crusade of bringing social justice and equity to Zimbabwe.
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Chalendo Sakala. Kaunda however successfully challenged this decision in the Supreme Court of Zambia, which declared him to be a Zambian citizen in the
767:(ZANC) in October 1958. ZANC was banned in March 1959 and in Kaunda was sentenced to nine months' imprisonment, which he spent first in Lusaka, then in
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of Bulozi in 1890. Only by threatening to expropriate it on the eve of independence did Kaunda manage to get favourable concessions from the BSAC.
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755:. On 11 November 1953 he moved to Lusaka to take up the post of Secretary General of the Africa National Congress (ANC), under the presidency of
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from standing for the presidency, to prevent Kaunda from contesting the next elections in 1996, in which he planned to participate. After the
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Kenneth Kaunda Day (28 April was declared to be a holiday by then President Edgar Chagwa Lungu, to honour Kenneth Kaunda's work and legacy)
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1251:. He hosted a NAM summit in Lusaka in 1970 and served as the movement's chairman from 1970 to 1973. He maintained a close friendship with
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Group and was Choirmaster at a Church of Central Africa congregation. He was also Vice-Secretary of the Nchanga Branch of Congress.
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to discuss possibilities for an internal settlement in Southern Rhodesia with Ian Smith and the black nationalists. After the
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in 1946, with whom he had eight children. She died on 19 September 2013 aged 87, while visiting one of their daughters in
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Kaunda had frequent but cordial differences with US president Ronald Reagan whom he met 1983 and British prime minister
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759:. The combined efforts of Kaunda and Nkumbula failed to mobilise native African peoples against the European-dominated
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4646:"In honour of the late former Zambian president Kenneth Kaunda, President Kiir has declared 3 days of mourning acros…"
4214:"Zambia : President Mugabe was maligned because of his crusade to bring social justice and equity to Zimbabwe-KK"
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and instead recommended constitutional amendments that would dismantle UNIP's monopoly on power. He also announced
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He was briefly stripped of Zambian citizenship in 1998, but the decision was overturned two years later in 2000.
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4593:"Roundup: African countries mourn passing of Zambia's founding president Kaunda - Xinhua | English.news.cn"
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mainly over what he saw as a blind eye being turned towards South African apartheid. He always maintained warm
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4783:"Entidades Estrangeiras Agraciadas Com Ordens Portuguesas – Página Oficial das Ordens HonorĂficas Portuguesas"
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for the following year, two years before it was due. He signed the necessary amendments into law in December.
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686:, now Zambia, and was the youngest of eight children. His father, the Reverend David Kaunda, was an ordained
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1365:. One of the issues in the campaign was a plan by Kaunda to turn over one-quarter of the nation's land to
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4619:"National mourning decreed in Mozambique to honor late Kenneth Kaunda - Xinhua | English.news.cn"
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4922:. London: Published by Union of Democratic Control Publications for the Union of Democratic Control.
3877:
Lyman, Rick (16 October 1991). "Heaven's Strange Bedfellows; Meditation Guru and Zambian Strongman".
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See: "Message of President Kenneth D. Kaunda to the International Conference on Non-alignment", in:
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DeRoche, Andy (1 November 2016). "Asserting African Agency: Kenneth Kaunda and the USA, 1964–1980".
2717:"Zambia's economic outlook - what have we learnt in the last 40 years and where do we go from here?"
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movement and opposed white minority rule in Southern Rhodesia. Although his nationalisation of the
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1437:. One of Kaunda's children was claimed by the pandemic in the 1980s. From 2002 to 2004, he was an
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Light and Power for a Multiracial Nation: The Kariba Dam Scheme in the Central African Federation
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in Botswana in 1982 to debate this proposal, but apparently failed to make a serious impression.
4668:"Cuba observes official mourning for the death of the founding father of the Republic of Zambia"
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recognized Biafra as an independent nation on may 20th 1968.In 1980, Kaunda purchased sixteen
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4897:. Published by Union of Democratic Control Publications for the Union of Democratic Control.
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A Humanist in Africa: Letters to Colin M. Morris from Kenneth D. Kaunda, President of Zambia
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Shafer, Michael (1983). "Capturing the Mineral Multinationals: Advantage or Disadvantage?".
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A Humanist in Africa: Letters to Colin M. Morris from Kenneth D. Kaunda, President of Zambia
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4471:"KK's body will be taken to all 10 Provinces, but there will be no body viewing, says govt"
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2749:"Presentation of the Government of Zambia: Action Programme for the Development of Zambia"
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2063:"How Zambia's first president had to go to court in 1999 to prove he was not a Malawian"
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even spent a significant proportion of his 30-year exile living and working in Zambia.
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broke away from the ANC and, in October 1959, Chona became the first president of the
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offered her condolences to the politicians and people of Zambia for Kaunda's death.
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5126:"The riddle of violence by Kaunda, Kenneth D: New Paperback (1981) | Save With Sam"
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1970:
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1199:, Kaunda attempted to seek similar majority rule in South West Africa. He met with
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In 1964, shortly before independence, violence broke out between supporters of the
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5273:"Kaunda on Violence by Kaunda, Kenneth David Hardback Book The Fast Free Shipping"
2519:"10 Things You Didn't Know About Reuben Chitandika Kamanga | Youth Village Zambia"
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the infrastructure and manufacturing sectors. In April 1968, Kaunda initiated the
896:) still retained commercial assets and mineral rights that it had acquired from a
855:. In 1979 another campus was established at the Zambia Institute of Technology in
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2686:"Livingstone Institute of Business and Engineering Studies – Confucius Institute"
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from 1964 to 1991. He was at the forefront of the struggle for independence from
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Kaunda, Kenneth D., and Colin Morris. Kaunda on Violence. London: Collins, 1980.
1466:
7371:
7283:
7248:
6997:
6957:
6947:
6816:
6811:
6801:
6791:
6686:
6595:
6529:
6477:
6427:
6417:
6204:
6163:
6073:
6043:
5998:
5983:
5963:
5870:
5725:
4698:"President Halimah Yacob sends condolences after former Zambian president dies"
3597:"African statesman tells of Saddam Zambian tried to halt Iraqs Kuwait invasion"
3336:
3104:
3025:
2895:
2794:
2551:. World Bank Discussion: Papers Africa Technical Department Series. p. 2.
1988:
1983:
1448:
In September 2019, Kaunda said that it was regrettable that the late president
1302:
1291:
1216:
989:
962:
953:
942:
812:
756:
712:
628:
567:
526:
141:
136:
6452:
6249:
6244:
5528:
3894:"Obituary: Zambia's Kenneth Kaunda helped liberate Southern African countries"
3279:
3147:
3074:
3048:
2161:"Kenneth Kaunda of Zambia, Last Leader of Africa's Liberation Era, Dies at 97"
1605:
7350:
7335:
7181:
7057:
6977:
6972:
6952:
6932:
6917:
6872:
6786:
6771:
6751:
6736:
6716:
6467:
6457:
6382:
6239:
6138:
6118:
6098:
6058:
5973:
5880:
4983:
4024:
3813:
3184:
3155:
1956:
1535:
1527:
in Lusaka on 2 July and interment at the Presidential Burial Site on 7 July.
1509:
1449:
1309:
1232:
1224:
1188:
1173:
1068:
985:
976:
With all opposition having been eliminated, Kaunda allowed the creation of a
309:
5778:
4877:
4115:"Kenneth Kaunda | Biography, Age, Death, & Facts | Britannica"
3326:
3017:
2885:
2784:
6962:
6887:
6676:
6560:
6487:
6447:
6367:
6128:
6018:
5875:
5865:
5735:
5730:
5569:
5454:
All Good Men: The Development of Lubwa Mission, Chinsali, Zambia, 1905–1967
5353:
5206:
5008:
4927:
4902:
3625:
The Postcolonial Condition of Names and Naming Practices in Southern Africa
3214:
2890:
2789:
1978:
1764:
1475:
1394:
1169:
1149:
1128:
1105:
1101:
938:
893:
775:
740:
695:
335:
286:
146:
93:
6627:
2716:
2577:
7149:
6837:
6761:
6621:
6432:
6254:
6199:
6179:
6113:
6078:
5746:
1520:
1505:
1200:
1160:
1156:
1132:
1123:
779:
574:
162:
5333:
5272:
5186:
4998:
4917:
3246:
2969:
2953:
2926:
2910:
6937:
6847:
6377:
6274:
6038:
6023:
5673:
5540:
5433:
3163:
2355:
Race, Resistance, and the Boy Scout Movement in British Colonial Africa
1708:
1419:
1228:
913:
479:
390:
43:
7145:
Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League
4497:"Zimbabwe Extends Period of Mourning Kaunda to 14 Days – Pindula News"
4243:
1816:
On 21 May 1963, he received an honorary degree of Doctor of Laws from
1290:
who had provided assistance on many projects in Zambia, including the
998:
Humanism in Zambia and a Guide to its Implementation, Parts 1, 2 and 3
823:
751:
In 1949 Kaunda entered politics and became the founding member of the
6927:
6922:
6766:
6590:
6585:
6580:
6133:
5740:
5517:
Kenneth Kaunda, the United States and Southern Africa by Andy deRoche
4353:"Breaking: Zambian 1st President Dr. Kenneth Kaunda has died aged 97"
2392:
1823:
On 19 October 2007 Kaunda was the recipient of the 2007 Ubuntu Award.
1491:
1237:
1100:, to use Zambia as a base for their operations. Former ANC president
1073:
1063:
During his early presidency Kaunda was an outspoken supporter of the
880:
691:
1633:
932:
711:
between 1941 and 1943. Early in his career, he read the writings of
7318:
6681:
6028:
4892:
4523:"President Ramaphosa declares 10 days of mourning to honour Kaunda"
3622:
Nyambi, Oliver; Mangena, Tendai; Pfukwa, Charles (17 August 2016).
3262:"Non-alignment on the Racial Frontier: Zambia and the USA, 1964–68"
2655:
1736:
1434:
1298:
1244:
1077:
945:. Kaunda temporarily banned the church and ordered Lumpa's arrest.
918:
720:
679:
254:
996:"). To elaborate on his ideology, Kaunda published several books:
7263:
6498:
6412:
4653:
4538:"Botswana declares seven day mourning period in honour of Kaunda"
3986:"Former Zambian president released from jail, under house arrest"
3854:
3352:"SOUTH AFRICAN AND ZAMBIAN MEET IN BUSH COUNTRY (Published 1982)"
1680:
1653:
1009:
901:
791:
5000:
Zambia, independence and beyond: the speeches of Kenneth Kaunda;
4292:"Former Zambian president Kenneth Kaunda, 97, taken to hospital"
3956:"Zambia Arrests Former President In Crackdown After Failed Coup"
6641:
6600:
5851:
5544:
4322:"Zambia's founding president Kaunda, 97, treated for pneumonia"
1865:
Zambia, Independence and Beyond: The Speeches of Kenneth Kaunda
1598:
1560:
1479:
1220:
1145:
993:
708:
275:
5067:
Zambia: Independence and Beyond the Speeches of Kenneth Kaunda
4419:. 18 June 2021. Archived from the original on 4 February 2023.
4013:"Founder of Zambia Is Declared Stateless In High Court Ruling"
3381:
1337:
went on the radio to announce Kaunda had been overthrown. The
1014:
Zambian Humanism: some major spiritual and economic challenges
5395:"Kaunda on Violence – Lengthy Personal Inscription by Kaunda"
1274:
1113:
1051:
856:
678:
Kenneth Kaunda was born on 28 April 1924 at Lubwa Mission in
3565:"Kaunda lauds Chinese role as 'force for good' in continent"
1441:
at the African Presidential Archives and Research Center at
4383:"Zambian 1st President Dr. Kenneth Kaunda has died aged 97"
2388:"Zambia's founding president, Kenneth Kaunda, dies aged 97"
1626:
1183:
On 26 August 1975, Kaunda acted as mediator along with the
1109:
1093:
323:
4564:"Malawi Declares 7 Days of Mourning Kaunda – Pindula News"
4240:"Mama Betty Kaweche Kaunda – First Lady from 1964 to 1991"
2335:"A Disciple of Gandhi; Kenneth Kaunda Son of a Missionary"
3925:"Former Ruler Kaunda Facing Deportation, Says Government"
7427:
Recipients of the Order of the Companions of O. R. Tambo
7118:
Pan-African Freedom Movement for East and Central Africa
5447:
The High Price of Principles: Kaunda and the White South
4445:"Zambia's first president Kenneth Kaunda dies at age 97"
3738:"Zambia's Leader Announces Plan to Free 1,000 Prisoners"
859:. In 1988 the Kitwe campus was upgraded and renamed the
7397:
Members of the Legislative Council of Northern Rhodesia
4413:"Kaunda attributed his long life to being a vegetarian"
965:'s decision to leave UNIP and found a rival party, the
730:
6325:
2954:"The Evolution of One-Party Rule in Zambia, 1964–1972"
2911:"The Evolution of One-Party Rule in Zambia, 1964–1972"
1301:, Kaunda cultivated a friendship with Iraqi president
5428:
Kenneth Kaunda, the United States and Southern Africa
4145:
Kenneth Kaunda, the United States and Southern Africa
4076:
Kenneth Kaunda, the United States and Southern Africa
3314:
Kenneth Kaunda, the United States and Southern Africa
2130:"Former Zambian president Kenneth Kaunda dies | eNCA"
1531:
days of mourning; Cuba declared one day of mourning.
1324:(OAU) from 1970 to 1971 and again from 1987 to 1988.
1176:'s assistant secretary of state for African affairs,
27:
President of The Republic of Zambia from 1964 to 1991
7133:
Popular and Social League of the Great Sahara Tribes
5111:
Humanism in Zambia and a Guide to Its Implementation
3015:
2606:
An Introduction to African Politics by Alex Thomson.
1946:
1210:
Kaunda arrives in the US for an official visit, 1983
3621:
2996:
The Law and Economic Development in the Third World
2828:"Kaunda Swept From Office In Lopsided Zambian Vote"
619:, was a Zambian politician who served as the first
5156:"The riddle of violence book by Kenneth D. Kaunda"
3226:
3224:
2309:"Kenneth Kaunda and the vision of a united Africa"
1112:, also erected military encampments there, as did
5944:Chairpersons of the Organisation of African Unity
1903:Humanism in Zambia: A Guide to Its Implementation
1168:'s 1976 trip to Zambia, got along very well with
794:and afterwards, in July 1961, Kaunda organised a
739:Kaunda with UNIP supporters after a meeting with
306:Zambia (1964–1998, 2000–2021)
7348:
4587:
4585:
2845:
1333:announcement almost came too late; hours later,
1271:, Yugoslavia, awarded him an honorary doctorate.
7432:Secretaries-general of the Non-Aligned Movement
5468:Zambia: The Politics of Independence, 1957–1964
3418:. London: Third World Centre, 1983, pp. 12–15.
3221:
3006:, P. Ebow Bondzi-Simpson Praeger, 1992, page 25
805:Minister of Local Government and Social Welfare
7437:United National Independence Party politicians
5303:"Kaunda on Violence book by Kenneth D. Kaunda"
4951:
3628:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 281.
3316:London: Bloomsbury, 2016, especially pp.21–196
1155:From April 1975, when he visited US president
1006:Zambian Humanism, religion and social morality
1000:. Other publications on Zambian Humanism are:
615:(28 April 1924 – 17 June 2021), also known as
7387:Heads of government who were later imprisoned
6514:
6311:
5928:
5808:
5794:
5689:
4753:"Lesotho Celebrates 40 Years of Independence"
4643:
4582:
4147:(London: Bloomsbury, 2016), 213–214, 228–229.
2546:"Implementing Educational Policies in Zambia"
2229:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2219:
1924:Kaunda, Kenneth (1980). Morris, Colin (ed.).
1288:relations with the People's Republic of China
690:missionary and teacher, who had been born in
593:
5481:1964: President Kaunda takes power in Zambia
5331:
5184:
4052:Prominent African leaders since independence
3667:Appiah, Anthony; Gates, Henry Louis (2010).
2237:Prominent African Leaders Since Independence
2198:"Kenneth Kaunda: Zambia's independence hero"
1847:(illustrated, reprint ed.). Heinemann.
1497:Kaunda attributed his longevity to a strict
753:Northern Rhodesian African National Congress
633:Northern Rhodesian African National Congress
200:8 September 1970 – 5 September 1973
4947:. Union of Democratic Control Publications.
4759:. Scoop Independent News. 10 October 2006.
3954:McKinley, James C. Jr. (26 December 1997).
3838:
3666:
3105:"Zambia: 1973 and 1978 one-party elections"
2457:"Harry Nkumbula Dies; Led African Congress"
2451:
2449:
2152:
1838:. Union of Democratic Control Publications.
715:that he said: "went straight to my heart."
647:stakes in key foreign-owned companies. The
639:, later becoming the head of the socialist
7402:Members of the National Assembly of Zambia
7382:Grand Crosses of the Order of Prince Henry
6521:
6507:
6318:
6304:
5935:
5921:
5801:
5787:
5696:
5682:
4839:"PoÄŤeli jugoslavensko-zambijski razgovori"
3802:"After 17 Years, Zambia Allows Opposition"
3770:"Zambia Leader Assents To Multiparty Vote"
3562:
3438:"University of Belgrade: Honorary Doctors"
3203:April 27 1976 – an event exiled in history
2273:
2271:
2269:
2216:
1915:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1455:
835:At the time of its independence, Zambia's
703:(now part of Tanzania). He also worked in
600:
586:
121:24 October 1964 – 2 November 1991
71:22 January 1964 – 24 October 1964
42:
7103:Organisation of African Trade Union Unity
5332:Kaunda, Kenneth D; Morris, Colin (1980).
5185:Kaunda, Kenneth D; Morris, Colin (1981).
3885:
3556:
3526:
3343:
3016:General News Service (18 December 1973).
2951:
2908:
2793:. 24 October 1984. p. 1 – via
2158:
1462:Death and state funeral of Kenneth Kaunda
7063:All-African People's Revolutionary Party
5703:
4535:
3953:
3922:
3891:
3349:
3335:. 26 August 1975. p. 2 – via
2806:
2804:
2714:
2446:
2418:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2010:
2008:
1465:
1400:
1388:
1273:
1205:
1122:
1050:
947:
874:
822:
734:
707:. He attended Munali Training Centre in
7452:Zambian politicians convicted of crimes
6822:I. T. A. Wallace-Johnson
5656:Chairperson of the Non-Aligned Movement
4405:
4263:
4261:
3778:. Associated Press. 25 September 1990.
3259:
3230:
3109:African Democracy Encyclopaedia Project
2894:. 4 August 1964. p. 1 – via
2615:
2351:
2266:
1490:revealed that he was being treated for
1247:, Kaunda was a strong supporter of the
984:were introduced inter alia in Ghana by
933:One-party state and "African socialism"
818:
350: 1946; died 2013)
14:
7349:
5616:as Prime Minister of Northern Rhodesia
5366:
5219:
5107:
5080:
5063:
4996:
4940:
4915:
4890:
4867:
4678:from the original on 15 September 2021
4350:
4268:"Zambia's President: Kenneth Kaunda".
4242:. Government of Zambia. Archived from
4125:from the original on 29 September 2020
4049:
4011:McNeil, Donald G. Jr. (1 April 1999).
4010:
3923:Chirambo, Kondwani (18 October 1995).
3892:Matiashe, Farai Shawn (17 June 2021).
3808:. Associated Press. 18 December 1990.
3705:
3649:Iraq Frees Nurse Held for Aiding 'Spy'
3534:"Zambian Lectures Briton on Apartheid"
3488:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
3133:
2289:from the original on 29 September 2020
2233:
2091:
2014:
1932:
1923:
1900:
1891:
1872:
1861:
1845:Zambia Shall Be Free: An Autobiography
1842:
1833:
398:This article is part of a series about
6502:
6299:
5916:
5782:
5677:
5461:Kenneth Kaunda: The Times and the Man
4957:
4819:from the original on 12 November 2014
4503:from the original on 28 February 2022
4031:from the original on 14 February 2019
3966:from the original on 29 December 2017
3876:
3855:Meditation guru and Zambian strongman
2825:
2801:
2729:from the original on 1 September 2021
2588:from the original on 17 November 2019
2385:
2254:from the original on 28 December 2022
2234:Kasuka, Bridgette (8 February 2012).
2171:
2092:Kasuka, Bridgette (7 February 2012).
2005:
1541:
1381:, had done so in March of that year.
7392:Local government ministers of Zambia
7098:International African Service Bureau
5578:Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland
4976:10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a095104
4793:from the original on 17 January 2013
4258:
4220:from the original on 6 December 2019
3820:from the original on 5 February 2018
3782:from the original on 27 October 2016
3718:from the original on 17 October 2019
3687:from the original on 11 January 2023
3392:from the original on 15 October 2019
2851:
2715:Fundanga, Caleb M (7 January 2005).
2619:Encyclopedia of the Developing World
2124:
2122:
1512:that Zambia will observe 21 days of
1357:(MMD), helmed by trade union leader
1172:, and worked closely with President
1008:, by Rev. Fr. Cleve Dillion-Malone,
870:
761:Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland
731:Independence struggle and presidency
549:
7422:Prisoners and detainees of Rhodesia
7139:Rassemblement DĂ©mocratique Africain
5587:Prime Minister of Northern Rhodesia
4944:Dominion Status for Central Africa?
4919:Dominion status for Central Africa?
4894:Dominion status for Central Africa?
3708:"Failed Zambia Coup Weakens Leader"
3603:from the original on 9 October 2021
3563:Fitzgerald, Mary (25 August 2008).
2419:Tischler, Julia (8 February 2012).
2159:McGroarty, Patrick (17 June 2021).
1928:. San Francisco: Harper & Rowe.
1836:Dominion Status for Central Africa?
1164:(Zimbabwe), and Namibia. He hosted
1118:People's Liberation Army of Namibia
59:Prime Minister of Northern Rhodesia
24:
7447:Zambian people of Malawian descent
7068:All-African Trade Union Federation
6528:
6327:Chairs of the Non-Aligned Movement
5493:Kaunda on the non-aligned movement
4763:from the original on 16 April 2017
3746:. Associated Press. 26 July 1990.
3470:from the original on 21 March 2007
3085:from the original on 18 April 2021
2543:
1384:
1327:
1043:province to back their candidacy.
784:United National Independence Party
665:Movement for Multi-Party Democracy
641:United National Independence Party
25:
7478:
7128:Pan Africanist Congress of Azania
5554:National Portrait Gallery, London
5474:
4849:from the original on 27 July 2023
4711:from the original on 25 June 2021
4625:from the original on 19 June 2021
4599:from the original on 19 June 2021
4536:Mkondani, Yvonne (17 June 2021).
4477:from the original on 21 June 2021
4451:from the original on 18 June 2021
4393:from the original on 18 June 2021
4332:from the original on 15 June 2021
4302:from the original on 14 June 2021
4168:from the original on 24 June 2021
4054:. New Africa Press. p. 351.
3992:from the original on 24 June 2021
3935:from the original on 18 June 2021
3904:from the original on 19 June 2021
3750:from the original on 2 March 2017
3544:from the original on 18 June 2021
3504:"In pictures: 40 years of Zambia"
3362:from the original on 18 June 2021
3327:"No decision reached in Rhodesia"
3294:from the original on 8 March 2023
3115:from the original on 18 June 2021
3055:from the original on 5 March 2016
2976:from the original on 23 June 2021
2964:. Gideon Were Publications: 111.
2933:from the original on 23 June 2021
2921:. Gideon Were Publications: 101.
2866:from the original on 24 June 2021
2636:from the original on 18 June 2021
2558:from the original on 24 June 2021
2469:from the original on 24 June 2021
2204:from the original on 18 June 2021
2140:from the original on 18 June 2021
2119:
2073:from the original on 17 June 2021
1994:History of Christianity in Zambia
1355:Movement for Multiparty Democracy
1320:Kaunda served as chairman of the
1046:
988:("Consciencism") and Tanzania by
765:Zambian African National Congress
637:Zambian African National Congress
188:Chair of the Non-Aligned Movement
7329:
7317:
7307:
7306:
7297:
7296:
5844:
5818:
5760:
5405:from the original on 28 May 2022
5387:
5360:
5325:
5313:from the original on 28 May 2022
5295:
5283:from the original on 28 May 2022
5265:
5240:
5213:
5178:
5166:from the original on 28 May 2022
5148:
5136:from the original on 28 May 2022
5118:
5101:
5074:
5057:
5045:from the original on 28 May 2022
5027:
4990:
4934:
4909:
4884:
4861:
4831:
4089:"Kaunda to retire from politics"
3670:Encyclopedia of Africa, Volume 1
3577:from the original on 18 May 2021
3514:from the original on 14 May 2011
3018:"Zambia faces mounting problems"
2696:from the original on 18 May 2021
2666:from the original on 18 May 2021
2525:from the original on 18 May 2021
2499:from the original on 18 May 2021
2052:, Volume 110, BBC, 1983, page 13
1963:
1949:
1803:Order of the Yugoslav Great Star
1797:
1784:
1776:Supreme Companion of O. R. Tambo
1770:
1757:
1742:
1729:
1714:
1701:
1686:
1673:
1659:
1646:
1632:
1619:
1604:
1591:
1566:
1553:
1409:and Kaunda in Lusaka, April 2018
1002:Fundamentals of Zambian Humanism
635:, he broke away and founded the
573:
389:
7462:Zambian prisoners and detainees
7377:Deaths from pneumonia in Zambia
7254:All-African Peoples' Conference
5420:
5015:from the original on 5 May 2022
4805:
4775:
4745:
4723:
4690:
4660:
4644:@SouthSudanGov (22 June 2021).
4637:
4611:
4570:from the original on 7 May 2022
4556:
4529:
4515:
4489:
4463:
4437:
4375:
4351:Chanda, Bwalya (17 June 2021).
4344:
4314:
4284:
4232:
4206:
4180:
4150:
4137:
4107:
4081:
4078:(London: Bloomsbury, 2016, 228.
4068:
4043:
4004:
3978:
3947:
3916:
3870:
3848:
3832:
3794:
3762:
3730:
3699:
3660:
3642:
3615:
3589:
3496:
3456:
3430:
3416:The Principles of Non-alignment
3404:
3374:
3350:Lelyveld, Joseph (1 May 1982).
3319:
3306:
3253:
3196:
3178:
3127:
3097:
3067:
3041:
3032:
3009:
2988:
2958:Transafrican Journal of History
2945:
2915:Transafrican Journal of History
2902:
2886:"15 die in 'holy war' outbreak"
2878:
2826:Maier, Karl (2 November 1991).
2819:
2777:
2765:from the original on 2 May 2021
2741:
2708:
2678:
2660:School of the Built Environment
2648:
2609:
2600:
2570:
2537:
2511:
2481:
2412:
2379:
2345:
2327:
2301:
1933:Morris, Collin M., ed. (1980).
1827:
1693:Most Courteous Order of Lesotho
1426:Lewanika and Others vs. Chiluba
347:
7442:Zambian independence activists
5367:Kaunda, Kenneth David (1980).
5220:Kaunda, Kenneth David (1981).
5114:. Zambia Information Services.
5108:Kaunda, Kenneth David (1971).
5081:Kaunda, Kenneth David (1969).
5064:Kaunda, Kenneth David (1978).
4941:Kaunda, Kenneth David (1958).
4164:(in Spanish). 6 October 1987.
2095:Independence Leaders of Africa
2085:
2055:
2034:
1873:Kaunda, Kenneth David (1969).
1862:Kaunda, Kenneth David (1966).
1843:Kaunda, Kenneth David (1962).
1834:Kaunda, Kenneth David (1958).
1439:African President-in-Residence
1185:Prime Minister of South Africa
512:1969 constitutional referendum
13:
1:
7407:People from Chinsali District
7279:United States of Latin Africa
7108:Organisation of African Unity
7037:African Leadership University
4872:. Duquesne University Press.
4050:Kasuka, Bridget, ed. (2013).
3867:, 18 October 24 October 1991.
3844:. Toronto, Ont. p. A.21.
3260:DeRoche, Andy (18 May 2007).
2386:Mfula, Chris (17 June 2021).
1999:
1322:Organisation of African Unity
1267:, in the 1970s. In 1986, the
673:
242:Kenneth David Buchizya Kaunda
167:Governor of Northern Rhodesia
7093:First Pan-African Conference
4188:"BU | About the Center"
3706:Perlez, Jane (1 July 1990).
2952:Mushingeh, Chiponde (1993).
2909:Mushingeh, Chiponde (1993).
2493:biography.yourdictionary.com
2352:Parsons, Timothy H. (2004).
2015:Arnold, Guy (17 June 2021).
1573:Order of the Eagle of Zambia
890:British South Africa Company
853:University Teaching Hospital
774:While Kaunda was in prison,
7:
5550:Portraits of Kenneth Kaunda
4891:Kaunda, Kenneth D. (1958).
3079:africanelections.tripod.com
1942:
1116:and its military wing, the
927:International Monetary Fund
10:
7483:
7032:African Leadership Academy
5430:(London: Bloomsbury, 2016)
4997:Kaunda, Kenneth D (1966).
4916:Kaunda, Kenneth D (1958).
4868:Kaunda, Kenneth D (1963).
4473:. Mwebantu. 21 June 2021.
3136:International Organization
2622:. Routledge. p. 900.
1892:Kaunda, Kenneth D (1973).
1459:
831:and Kenneth Kaunda in 1966
7417:Prime ministers of Zambia
7324:Pan-Africanism portal
7292:
7231:
7200:
7162:
7088:Economic Freedom Fighters
7078:Convention People's Party
7053:African Unification Front
7045:
7024:
7015:
6830:
6669:
6660:
6609:
6543:
6536:
6333:
6172:
5954:
5842:
5816:
5810:Prime ministers of Zambia
5769:
5758:
5711:
5662:
5653:
5645:
5640:
5630:
5621:
5608:
5593:
5584:
5576:as Prime Minister of the
5566:
5561:
5534:18 September 2019 at the
4429:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
4158:"Muere un hijo de Kaunda"
3988:. CNN. 31 December 1997.
3540:. Reuters. 25 July 1986.
3280:10.1080/14682740701284132
3148:10.1017/S0020818300004215
2785:"Mineral dispute settled"
2358:. Ohio University Press.
2240:. Bankole Kamara Taylor.
2115:– via Google Books.
2098:. Bankole Kamara Taylor.
2017:"Kenneth Kaunda obituary"
1397:with Kaunda in March 2005
1371:Transcendental Meditation
1278:Kaunda in Amsterdam, 1986
1197:Lancaster House Agreement
1193:Victoria Falls Conference
1098:African National Congress
1024:) was published in 1980.
537:The end of one-party rule
376:
368:
357:
329:
319:
293:
282:
265:
237:
232:
228:
216:
204:
193:
185:
173:
155:
125:
114:
106:
87:
75:
64:
57:
53:
41:
34:
7244:African-American leftism
6993:Henry Sylvester Williams
6757:Ochola Ogaye Mak'Anyengo
5442:. Retrieved 19 May 2006.
5248:"The Riddle of Violence"
3208:3 September 2017 at the
3190:18 December 2005 at the
3002:28 November 2018 at the
2616:Leonard, Thomas (2006).
1901:Kaunda, Kenneth (1974).
1393:Indian foreign minister
1353:At these elections, the
1231:with Tanzania's port of
1127:Kaunda and US president
967:United Progressive Party
655:elections took place in
100:Prime Minister of Zambia
7367:African pan-Africanists
7302:Pan-Africanism category
7274:United States of Africa
7269:Union of African States
7259:East African Federation
7208:Ethnic groups of Africa
7113:Pan African Association
6702:Jean-Jacques Dessalines
6648:United States of Africa
5439:Encyclopædia Britannica
4845:(7829): 1. 8 May 1970.
4119:Encyclopædia Britannica
2859:Encyclopedia Britannica
2582:Encyclopædia Britannica
2283:Encyclopædia Britannica
2165:The Wall Street Journal
1664:Honorary Member of the
1611:Order of Agostinho Neto
1571:Grand Commander of the
1525:National Heroes Stadium
1456:Personal life and death
1348:a snap general election
815:as his vice-president.
555:Death and state funeral
480:Nationalization(zambia)
7083:East African Community
6722:Alieu Ebrima Cham Joof
6571:Anti-Western sentiment
5601:as President of Zambia
5522:2 October 2016 at the
5223:The Riddle of Violence
5188:The riddle of violence
4960:"Zambia Shall be Free"
3185:Oliver Tambo Biography
3051:. Human Rights Watch.
2852:Williams, Geoffrey J.
2489:"Kenneth David Kaunda"
2425:. Palgrave Macmillan.
1926:The Riddle of Violence
1533:President of Singapore
1471:
1410:
1398:
1279:
1269:University of Belgrade
1211:
1136:
1060:
1022:The Riddle of Violence
1004:, by Timothy Kandeke;
957:
884:
832:
788:Martin Luther King Jr.
748:
522:anti-apartheid support
475:founding of university
7457:Zambian Presbyterians
6988:Frances Cress Welsing
5510:11 April 2021 at the
4787:ordens.presidencia.pt
3898:The Africa Report.com
3879:Philadelphia Inquirer
3865:Philadelphia Inquirer
3075:"Elections in Zambia"
2200:. BBC. 17 June 2021.
1749:Order of Prince Henry
1469:
1404:
1392:
1367:Maharishi Mahesh Yogi
1335:a disgruntled officer
1277:
1209:
1126:
1054:
1016:, by Justin B. Zulu.
951:
878:
861:Copperbelt University
826:
738:
631:'s leadership of the
7412:Presidents of Zambia
7170:Black Star of Africa
7123:Pan-African Congress
7073:Conseil de l'Entente
6853:Edward Wilmot Blyden
6777:Abdias do Nascimento
6742:Toussaint Louverture
5705:Presidents of Zambia
5459:Macpherson, Fergus.
5226:. Harper & Row.
5191:. Harper & Row.
4958:D. S. (April 1963).
4216:. 6 September 2019.
4194:on 20 September 2006
3673:. OUP. p. 636.
3049:"Human Rights Watch"
2578:"Zambia – Education"
2048:18 June 2021 at the
1894:The Humanist Outlook
1255:'s long-time leader
1249:Non-Aligned Movement
883:, West Germany, 1970
845:University of Zambia
819:Educational policies
801:Coalition government
701:Tanganyika Territory
663:, the leader of the
627:. Dissatisfied with
82:Position established
18:Kenneth David Kaunda
7223:Conflicts in Africa
7213:Languages of Africa
7187:Pan-African colours
6908:Yosef Ben-Jochannan
6551:African nationalism
5624:President of Zambia
5486:5 June 2013 at the
5338:. London: Collins.
5087:. Longmans, Green.
4272:. 9 December 1965.
3860:19 May 2009 at the
3510:. 24 October 2004.
3386:ww5.aptnlibrary.com
2832:The Washington Post
2544:Achola, Paul P. W.
2465:. 10 October 1983.
2069:. 24 October 2018.
1877:. Longmans, Green.
1747:Grand Cross of the
1638:Order of JosĂ© MartĂ
1297:Prior to the first
956:meeting with Kaunda
952:Malawian president
865:Evelyn Hone College
621:president of Zambia
456:President of Zambia
109:President of Zambia
7239:African philosophy
7218:Religion in Africa
6943:Zephania Mothopeng
6893:Amy Ashwood Garvey
6868:John Henrik Clarke
6858:Stokely Carmichael
6843:Molefi Kete Asante
6797:John Nyathi Pokela
6782:Gamal Abdel Nasser
5852:Republic of Zambia
5771:* Acting President
5752:Hakainde Hichilema
5649:Gamal Abdel Nasser
5562:Political offices
5498:8 May 2016 at the
5466:Mulford, David C.
5370:Kaunda on Violence
5335:Kaunda on violence
5003:. London: Nelson.
4843:Slobodna Dalmacija
4731:"Order of Jamaica"
4270:The New York Times
4017:The New York Times
3960:The New York Times
3842:The Globe and Mail
3806:The New York Times
3775:The New York Times
3743:The New York Times
3712:The New York Times
3424:8 May 2016 at the
3356:The New York Times
3234:Diplomatic History
2854:"Zambia – Economy"
2462:The New York Times
2339:The New York Times
1937:. London: Collins.
1935:Kaunda on Violence
1896:. London: Longman.
1818:Fordham University
1778:— 10 December 2002
1723:, 1st class (1983)
1542:Awards and honours
1472:
1411:
1399:
1280:
1212:
1137:
1061:
1018:Kaunda on Violence
958:
923:Standard Chartered
892:(BSAC, founded by
885:
833:
827:Italian president
809:independent Zambia
796:civil disobedience
749:
745:Colonial Secretary
688:Church of Scotland
500:Lusaka Declaration
211:Gamal Abdel Nasser
7344:
7343:
7336:Africa portal
7176:Le Marron Inconnu
7158:
7157:
7011:
7010:
6807:Ahmed Sékou Touré
6656:
6655:
6576:Black nationalism
6556:African socialism
6496:
6495:
6293:
6292:
5910:
5909:
5891:Kebby Musokotwane
5826:Northern Rhodesia
5776:
5775:
5721:Frederick Chiluba
5672:
5671:
5666:Houari Boumédiène
5663:Succeeded by
5641:Diplomatic posts
5634:Frederick Chiluba
5631:Succeeded by
5619:
5604:
5594:Succeeded by
5582:
5434:"Kaunda, Kenneth"
5380:978-0-00-216143-5
5345:978-0-00-216143-5
5233:978-0-06-250450-0
5198:978-0-06-250450-0
5094:978-0-582-64003-0
4703:The Straits Times
4357:ZambiaNews365.com
4061:978-9987-16-026-6
3929:Association Press
3680:978-0-19-533770-9
3654:Los Angeles Times
3599:. 26 April 2003.
3538:Los Angeles Times
3382:"aptnlibrary.com"
3332:The Baltimore Sun
3247:10.1093/dh/dhv047
2629:978-1-57958-388-0
2247:978-1-4700-4358-2
2105:978-1-4700-4175-5
1691:Commander of the
1609:Recipient of the
1514:national mourning
1508:announced on his
1443:Boston University
1416:1997 coup attempt
1405:Indian president
1363:National Assembly
1359:Frederick Chiluba
1284:Margaret Thatcher
1265:Nicolae Ceaușescu
1240:in South Africa.
1141:Lyndon B. Johnson
1082:South West Africa
982:African socialism
871:Economic policies
803:, with Kaunda as
705:Southern Rhodesia
684:Northern Rhodesia
667:, ousted Kaunda.
661:Frederick Chiluba
610:
609:
532:1990 coup attempt
495:Operation Gatling
465:
416:
415:
380:
379:
259:Northern Rhodesia
223:Houari Boumédiène
180:Frederick Chiluba
16:(Redirected from
7474:
7334:
7333:
7332:
7322:
7321:
7310:
7309:
7300:
7299:
7192:Pan-African flag
7022:
7021:
6968:Randall Robinson
6903:Leonard Jeffries
6883:W. E. B. Du Bois
6878:Cheikh Anta Diop
6873:Martin R. Delany
6697:David Comissiong
6667:
6666:
6566:Anti-imperialism
6541:
6540:
6523:
6516:
6509:
6500:
6499:
6320:
6313:
6306:
6297:
6296:
5937:
5930:
5923:
5914:
5913:
5850:
5848:
5847:
5824:
5822:
5821:
5803:
5796:
5789:
5780:
5779:
5764:
5698:
5691:
5684:
5675:
5674:
5646:Preceded by
5613:
5609:Preceded by
5598:
5573:
5567:Preceded by
5559:
5558:
5505:Kaunda on Mugabe
5415:
5414:
5412:
5410:
5391:
5385:
5384:
5364:
5358:
5357:
5329:
5323:
5322:
5320:
5318:
5299:
5293:
5292:
5290:
5288:
5269:
5263:
5262:
5260:
5258:
5244:
5238:
5237:
5217:
5211:
5210:
5182:
5176:
5175:
5173:
5171:
5152:
5146:
5145:
5143:
5141:
5122:
5116:
5115:
5105:
5099:
5098:
5078:
5072:
5071:
5061:
5055:
5054:
5052:
5050:
5031:
5025:
5024:
5022:
5020:
4994:
4988:
4987:
4970:(247): 170–171.
4955:
4949:
4948:
4938:
4932:
4931:
4913:
4907:
4906:
4888:
4882:
4881:
4865:
4859:
4858:
4856:
4854:
4835:
4829:
4828:
4826:
4824:
4809:
4803:
4802:
4800:
4798:
4779:
4773:
4772:
4770:
4768:
4749:
4743:
4742:
4740:
4738:
4727:
4721:
4720:
4718:
4716:
4707:. 25 June 2021.
4694:
4688:
4687:
4685:
4683:
4664:
4658:
4657:
4641:
4635:
4634:
4632:
4630:
4615:
4609:
4608:
4606:
4604:
4589:
4580:
4579:
4577:
4575:
4560:
4554:
4553:
4551:
4549:
4540:. Archived from
4533:
4527:
4526:
4519:
4513:
4512:
4510:
4508:
4493:
4487:
4486:
4484:
4482:
4467:
4461:
4460:
4458:
4456:
4441:
4435:
4434:
4428:
4420:
4409:
4403:
4402:
4400:
4398:
4389:. 17 June 2021.
4379:
4373:
4372:
4370:
4368:
4359:. Archived from
4348:
4342:
4341:
4339:
4337:
4328:. 15 June 2021.
4318:
4312:
4311:
4309:
4307:
4298:. 14 June 2021.
4288:
4282:
4281:
4265:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4251:
4236:
4230:
4229:
4227:
4225:
4210:
4204:
4203:
4201:
4199:
4190:. Archived from
4184:
4178:
4177:
4175:
4173:
4154:
4148:
4141:
4135:
4134:
4132:
4130:
4111:
4105:
4104:
4102:
4100:
4085:
4079:
4072:
4066:
4065:
4047:
4041:
4040:
4038:
4036:
4008:
4002:
4001:
3999:
3997:
3982:
3976:
3975:
3973:
3971:
3951:
3945:
3944:
3942:
3940:
3920:
3914:
3913:
3911:
3909:
3889:
3883:
3882:
3874:
3868:
3852:
3846:
3845:
3836:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3825:
3798:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3787:
3766:
3760:
3759:
3757:
3755:
3734:
3728:
3727:
3725:
3723:
3703:
3697:
3696:
3694:
3692:
3664:
3658:
3646:
3640:
3639:
3619:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3608:
3593:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3582:
3560:
3554:
3553:
3551:
3549:
3530:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3519:
3500:
3494:
3493:
3487:
3479:
3477:
3475:
3460:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3449:
3440:. Archived from
3434:
3428:
3408:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3397:
3378:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3367:
3347:
3341:
3340:
3323:
3317:
3310:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3299:
3267:Cold War History
3257:
3251:
3250:
3228:
3219:
3200:
3194:
3182:
3176:
3175:
3131:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3120:
3101:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3071:
3065:
3064:
3062:
3060:
3045:
3039:
3036:
3030:
3029:
3022:Montreal Gazette
3013:
3007:
2992:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2949:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2906:
2900:
2899:
2882:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2849:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2823:
2817:
2816:
2808:
2799:
2798:
2781:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2764:
2758:. 6 March 2001.
2753:
2745:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2728:
2721:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2701:
2682:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2652:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2613:
2607:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2574:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2557:
2550:
2541:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2515:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2504:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2453:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2416:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2396:. Archived from
2383:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2349:
2343:
2342:
2341:. 18 April 1962.
2331:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2315:. 9 January 2019
2305:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2279:"Kenneth Kaunda"
2275:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2231:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2194:
2169:
2168:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2126:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2067:Face2Face Africa
2059:
2053:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2012:
1973:
1971:Biography portal
1968:
1967:
1966:
1959:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1938:
1929:
1920:
1914:
1906:
1897:
1888:
1869:
1858:
1839:
1801:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1774:
1763:
1761:
1760:
1746:
1735:
1733:
1732:
1721:Eduardo Mondlane
1718:
1707:
1705:
1704:
1695:— 4 October 2007
1690:
1679:
1677:
1676:
1666:Order of Jamaica
1663:
1652:
1650:
1649:
1636:
1625:
1623:
1622:
1608:
1597:
1595:
1594:
1570:
1559:
1557:
1556:
1547:National honours
1499:lacto-vegetarian
1312:was detained in
1308:In August 1989,
1243:For much of the
1055:Kaunda visiting
978:personality cult
900:signed with the
829:Giuseppe Saragat
725:Pathfinder Scout
602:
595:
588:
577:
517:Zambian Humanism
485:Lusaka Manifesto
459:
412:
411:
410:
408:
400:
399:
393:
386:
385:
382:
381:
351:
349:
272:
251:
249:
233:Personal details
219:
207:
198:
176:
158:
130:
119:
90:
78:
69:
46:
32:
31:
21:
7482:
7481:
7477:
7476:
7475:
7473:
7472:
7471:
7347:
7346:
7345:
7340:
7330:
7328:
7316:
7312:Africa category
7288:
7227:
7196:
7154:
7041:
7007:
7003:Omali Yeshitela
6983:Issa Laye Thiaw
6913:Maulana Karenga
6898:John G. Jackson
6826:
6747:Patrice Lumumba
6712:Muammar Gaddafi
6652:
6617:African century
6605:
6532:
6527:
6497:
6492:
6329:
6324:
6294:
6289:
6168:
5956:
5955:Organisation of
5950:
5941:
5911:
5906:
5896:Malimba Masheke
5886:Nalumino Mundia
5845:
5843:
5838:
5819:
5817:
5812:
5807:
5777:
5772:
5765:
5756:
5707:
5702:
5668:
5659:
5651:
5636:
5627:
5612:
5597:
5590:
5572:
5536:Wayback Machine
5529:Faces of Africa
5524:Wayback Machine
5512:Wayback Machine
5500:Wayback Machine
5488:Wayback Machine
5477:
5445:Hall, Richard.
5426:DeRoche, Andy.
5423:
5418:
5408:
5406:
5393:
5392:
5388:
5381:
5365:
5361:
5346:
5330:
5326:
5316:
5314:
5301:
5300:
5296:
5286:
5284:
5271:
5270:
5266:
5256:
5254:
5246:
5245:
5241:
5234:
5218:
5214:
5199:
5183:
5179:
5169:
5167:
5154:
5153:
5149:
5139:
5137:
5124:
5123:
5119:
5106:
5102:
5095:
5079:
5075:
5062:
5058:
5048:
5046:
5033:
5032:
5028:
5018:
5016:
4995:
4991:
4964:African Affairs
4956:
4952:
4939:
4935:
4914:
4910:
4889:
4885:
4866:
4862:
4852:
4850:
4837:
4836:
4832:
4822:
4820:
4811:
4810:
4806:
4796:
4794:
4781:
4780:
4776:
4766:
4764:
4751:
4750:
4746:
4736:
4734:
4729:
4728:
4724:
4714:
4712:
4696:
4695:
4691:
4681:
4679:
4666:
4665:
4661:
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4602:
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4591:
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4583:
4573:
4571:
4562:
4561:
4557:
4547:
4545:
4544:on 18 June 2021
4534:
4530:
4525:. 18 June 2021.
4521:
4520:
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4506:
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4406:
4396:
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4381:
4380:
4376:
4366:
4364:
4363:on 24 June 2021
4349:
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4285:
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4246:on 24 June 2021
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4093:The Irish Times
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3862:Wayback Machine
3853:
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3595:
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3570:The Irish Times
3561:
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3532:
3531:
3527:
3517:
3515:
3502:
3501:
3497:
3481:
3480:
3473:
3471:
3464:"Archived copy"
3462:
3461:
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3447:
3445:
3436:
3435:
3431:
3426:Wayback Machine
3409:
3405:
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3297:
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3258:
3254:
3241:(5): 975–1001.
3229:
3222:
3218:, 27 April 2007
3210:Wayback Machine
3201:
3197:
3192:Wayback Machine
3183:
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3014:
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3004:Wayback Machine
2993:
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2820:
2815:. 18 June 2021.
2810:
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2417:
2413:
2403:
2401:
2400:on 19 June 2021
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2050:Wayback Machine
2039:
2035:
2025:
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2013:
2006:
2002:
1969:
1964:
1962:
1955:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1908:
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1674:
1672:
1647:
1645:
1620:
1618:
1592:
1590:
1585:Foreign honours
1554:
1552:
1544:
1474:Kaunda married
1464:
1458:
1407:Ram Nath Kovind
1387:
1385:Post-presidency
1375:Mathieu Kérékou
1330:
1328:Fall from power
1257:Josip Broz Tito
1227:in the Zambian
1178:Chester Crocker
1166:Henry Kissinger
1049:
971:one-party state
935:
873:
821:
747:, in March 1960
733:
682:, then part of
676:
649:1973 oil crisis
606:
572:
568:kwacha(Obverse)
559:
550:Post-presidency
544:Post-presidency
541:
490:Nhari rebellion
466:
464:
453:
406:
404:
403:
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401:
397:
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353:
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320:Political party
315:
301:British subject
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5:
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7284:Year of Africa
7281:
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7249:Africanization
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7009:
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7006:
7005:
7000:
6998:Amos N. Wilson
6995:
6990:
6985:
6980:
6975:
6970:
6965:
6960:
6958:Runoko Rashidi
6955:
6950:
6948:George Padmore
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6819:
6817:Robert Sobukwe
6814:
6812:Haile Selassie
6809:
6804:
6802:Thomas Sankara
6799:
6794:
6792:Julius Nyerere
6789:
6784:
6779:
6774:
6769:
6764:
6759:
6754:
6749:
6744:
6739:
6734:
6729:
6727:Kenneth Kaunda
6724:
6719:
6714:
6709:
6707:Anténor Firmin
6704:
6699:
6694:
6692:AmĂlcar Cabral
6689:
6687:Nnamdi Azikiwe
6684:
6679:
6673:
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6654:
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6638:
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6607:
6606:
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6598:
6596:Uhuru Movement
6593:
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6530:Pan-Africanism
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5908:
5907:
5905:
5904:
5903:(1991–present)
5898:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5878:
5873:
5871:Elijah Mudenda
5868:
5863:
5856:
5854:
5840:
5839:
5837:
5836:
5834:Kenneth Kaunda
5830:
5828:
5814:
5813:
5806:
5805:
5798:
5791:
5783:
5774:
5773:
5770:
5767:
5766:
5759:
5757:
5755:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5726:Levy Mwanawasa
5723:
5718:
5716:Kenneth Kaunda
5712:
5709:
5708:
5701:
5700:
5693:
5686:
5678:
5670:
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5664:
5661:
5652:
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5642:
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5605:
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5564:
5563:
5557:
5556:
5547:
5538:
5526:
5514:
5502:
5490:
5476:
5475:External links
5473:
5472:
5471:
5464:
5457:
5452:Ipenburg, At.
5450:
5443:
5431:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5416:
5386:
5379:
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5324:
5294:
5264:
5239:
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5212:
5197:
5177:
5147:
5117:
5100:
5093:
5073:
5056:
5026:
4989:
4950:
4933:
4908:
4883:
4860:
4830:
4804:
4774:
4744:
4722:
4689:
4659:
4652:) – via
4636:
4610:
4581:
4555:
4528:
4514:
4488:
4462:
4436:
4404:
4374:
4343:
4313:
4283:
4257:
4231:
4205:
4179:
4149:
4143:Andy DeRoche,
4136:
4106:
4080:
4074:Andy DeRoche,
4067:
4060:
4042:
4003:
3977:
3946:
3915:
3884:
3881:. p. A.1.
3869:
3847:
3831:
3793:
3761:
3729:
3698:
3679:
3659:
3657:, 16 July 1990
3641:
3634:
3614:
3588:
3555:
3525:
3495:
3455:
3429:
3403:
3373:
3342:
3337:Newspapers.com
3318:
3312:Andy DeRoche,
3305:
3274:(2): 227–250.
3252:
3220:
3195:
3177:
3126:
3096:
3066:
3040:
3031:
3026:Newspapers.com
3008:
2987:
2944:
2901:
2896:Newspapers.com
2877:
2844:
2818:
2800:
2795:Newspapers.com
2776:
2740:
2707:
2677:
2647:
2628:
2608:
2599:
2569:
2536:
2510:
2480:
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2431:
2411:
2378:
2364:
2344:
2326:
2300:
2265:
2246:
2215:
2170:
2151:
2118:
2104:
2084:
2054:
2033:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1996:
1991:
1989:Simon Kapwepwe
1986:
1984:Harry Nkumbula
1981:
1975:
1974:
1960:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1939:
1930:
1921:
1898:
1889:
1883:
1870:
1859:
1853:
1840:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1824:
1821:
1808:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1781:
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1726:
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1641:
1616:
1615:
1614:
1579:
1578:
1577:
1576:
1543:
1540:
1518:Vice-President
1516:. On 21 June,
1470:Kaunda in 2020
1460:Main article:
1457:
1454:
1386:
1383:
1329:
1326:
1303:Saddam Hussein
1292:Tazara Railway
1263:'s president,
1217:TAZARA Railway
1148:jets from the
1065:anti-apartheid
1048:
1047:Foreign policy
1045:
990:Julius Nyerere
963:Simon Kapwepwe
954:Hastings Banda
943:Alice Lenshina
934:
931:
872:
869:
820:
817:
813:Reuben Kamanga
757:Harry Nkumbula
732:
729:
713:Mahatma Gandhi
675:
672:
629:Harry Nkumbula
613:Kenneth Kaunda
608:
607:
605:
604:
597:
590:
582:
579:
578:
571:
570:
558:
557:
552:
540:
539:
534:
529:
527:TAZARA Railway
524:
519:
514:
509:
502:
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
460:
452:
451:
446:
441:
436:
431:
426:
418:
417:
414:
413:
407:Kenneth Kaunda
394:
378:
377:
374:
373:
370:
366:
365:
359:
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343:
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321:
317:
316:
314:
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304:
297:
295:
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290:
284:
280:
279:
273:(aged 97)
267:
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214:
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208:
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183:
182:
177:
171:
170:
159:
153:
152:
150:
149:
144:
142:Simon Kapwepwe
139:
137:Reuben Kamanga
133:
131:
128:Vice President
123:
122:
112:
111:
104:
103:
91:
85:
84:
79:
73:
72:
62:
61:
55:
54:
51:
50:
48:Kaunda in 1983
47:
39:
38:
36:Kenneth Kaunda
35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7479:
7468:
7465:
7463:
7460:
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7455:
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7211:
7209:
7206:
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7203:
7199:
7193:
7190:
7188:
7185:
7183:
7182:Lion of Judah
7180:
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7177:
7173:
7171:
7168:
7167:
7165:
7161:
7151:
7148:
7146:
7143:
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7129:
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7119:
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7086:
7084:
7081:
7079:
7076:
7074:
7071:
7069:
7066:
7064:
7061:
7059:
7058:African Union
7056:
7054:
7051:
7050:
7048:
7044:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7030:
7029:
7027:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7017:Organizations
7014:
7004:
7001:
6999:
6996:
6994:
6991:
6989:
6986:
6984:
6981:
6979:
6978:Burning Spear
6976:
6974:
6973:Walter Rodney
6971:
6969:
6966:
6964:
6961:
6959:
6956:
6954:
6953:Motsoko Pheko
6951:
6949:
6946:
6944:
6941:
6939:
6936:
6934:
6933:Archie Mafeje
6931:
6929:
6926:
6924:
6921:
6919:
6918:Alice Kinloch
6916:
6914:
6911:
6909:
6906:
6904:
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6889:
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6856:
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6851:
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6820:
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6813:
6810:
6808:
6805:
6803:
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6798:
6795:
6793:
6790:
6788:
6787:Kwame Nkrumah
6785:
6783:
6780:
6778:
6775:
6773:
6772:Robert Mugabe
6770:
6768:
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6763:
6760:
6758:
6755:
6753:
6752:Samora Machel
6750:
6748:
6745:
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6737:Jomo Kenyatta
6735:
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6717:Marcus Garvey
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5953:
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5881:Daniel Lisulo
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5252:goodreads.com
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4095:. 5 June 1998
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3444:on 3 May 2012
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3142:(1): 93–119.
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1957:Zambia portal
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1751:— 28 May 1975
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1225:Kapiri Mposhi
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1189:B. J. Vorster
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1069:copper mining
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986:Kwame Nkrumah
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283:Resting place
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252:28 April 1924
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68:
63:
60:
56:
52:
45:
40:
33:
30:
19:
7174:
7137:
6963:Paul Robeson
6888:Frantz Fanon
6863:Aimé Césaire
6732:Modibo KeĂŻta
6726:
6677:Dennis Akumu
6640:
6633:
6626:
6561:Afrocentrism
6347:
6088:
6003:
5900:
5876:Mainza Chona
5866:Mainza Chona
5859:
5833:
5736:Michael Sata
5731:Rupiah Banda
5715:
5654:
5622:
5615:
5614:
5600:
5599:
5585:
5575:
5574:
5570:Roy Welensky
5467:
5460:
5453:
5446:
5437:
5427:
5421:Bibliography
5407:. Retrieved
5399:abebooks.com
5398:
5389:
5369:
5362:
5334:
5327:
5315:. Retrieved
5306:
5297:
5285:. Retrieved
5276:
5267:
5255:. Retrieved
5251:
5242:
5222:
5215:
5187:
5180:
5168:. Retrieved
5159:
5150:
5138:. Retrieved
5130:abebooks.com
5129:
5120:
5110:
5103:
5083:
5076:
5066:
5059:
5047:. Retrieved
5039:abebooks.com
5038:
5029:
5017:. Retrieved
4999:
4992:
4967:
4963:
4953:
4943:
4936:
4918:
4911:
4893:
4886:
4869:
4863:
4851:. Retrieved
4842:
4833:
4821:. Retrieved
4813:"Presidency"
4807:
4795:. Retrieved
4786:
4777:
4765:. Retrieved
4756:
4747:
4735:. Retrieved
4725:
4713:. Retrieved
4701:
4692:
4680:. Retrieved
4671:
4662:
4639:
4627:. Retrieved
4613:
4601:. Retrieved
4572:. Retrieved
4558:
4546:. Retrieved
4542:the original
4531:
4517:
4505:. Retrieved
4491:
4479:. Retrieved
4465:
4453:. Retrieved
4439:
4416:
4407:
4395:. Retrieved
4386:
4377:
4365:. Retrieved
4361:the original
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5862:(1964–1973)
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