425:, and youths. The panchayats aggressively push tradition and outlook in which caste divisions are desirable while violence towards lower castes is normal and acceptable. An important Khap ethos involves the commitment – for the good of the community – to work with one's body, heart and soul under the leadership of its leaders, who are believed to have high moral superiority. For this reason, these leaders are afforded the right to demand a member's life.
34:
283:
Khaps have attracted attention in recent times for their decisions on marriage. Khaps have opposed marriages between members of different castes, of certain gotras from which intermarriage is prohibited, and of the same village. In July 2000, a panchayat nullified the marriage of Ashish and
Darshana,
420:
There are sources that describe the Khap as an unofficial caste system where the panchayat dominates all other members of the group. Like the function of traditional caste and family systems, this Indian traditional institution engages in dispute resolution and the regulation of members' behaviour.
389:
Despite the criticisms against this institution, it remains popular in some parts of India because, in its benign form, it resolves disputes and achieves social order with less time and resources, compared to the court system which is lengthier and expensive. In addition, taking a case to court may
363:
This is wholly illegal and has to be ruthlessly stamped out. There is nothing honourable in honour killing or other atrocities and, in fact, it is nothing but barbaric and shameful murder. Other atrocities in respect of the personal lives of people committed by brutal, feudal-minded persons deserve
262:
Members of khap panchayats are all male, though they often make decisions affecting women. In
Haryana, women are not allowed to be present at a panchayat and are represented by their male relatives. Members of Sarva Jaateeya Venain Khap, one of the largest khap panchayats in Haryana, have instead
781:
The sarv–khap
Panchayat, according to local belief, was organized in 7th century by emperor Harsha in his lust quinquennial assembly at Prayag (modern Allahabad.). But from the written historical records it is evident that the various khaps of Meerut Division were organized into the sarvkhap
291:
Due to cultural restrictions around marriage and the skewed sex ratio, families may have difficulty finding suitable brides and occasionally go against gotra marriage prohibitions. There are also cases of men in
Haryana who marry lower caste brides without having a khap panchayat be called.
259:(or All Khap) Panchayat (Council) represented all the Khaps. The individual Khaps would elect leaders who would send delegates to represent their Khaps at the Sarv Khap. It was a political organisation, composed of all the clans, communities, and castes in the region.
1064:
601:
372:
actions against Khap
Panchayats, called for the arrest of "self-styled" decision makers and for proactive action by the police to protect the fundamental rights of the people. He also asked for the recommendations to be converted into directions applicable to all
299:, saying "Marriage is a union of two consenting families and not just two individuals. So all stakeholders should have a say in that. If parents take all the pains to educate their girls then they also have right over their marriages too."
335:) 1860 to five family members of Babli including her brother Suresh, Uncles Rejender, Baru Ram and cousins Satish and Gurdev for killing the couple on 15 June 2007, considering it the "rarest of rare" case and life sentence to the khap (
358:
has declared Khap
Panchayats to be illegal because they often decree or encourage honour killings or other institutionalised atrocities against boys and girls of different castes and religions who wish to get married or have married.
271:
The Khap
Panchayats frequently make pronouncements on social issues, such as abortion, alcohol abuse, dowry, and to promote education, specially among girls. In October 2012, one Khap Panchayat leader in Haryana blamed the eating of
137:
Khaps are not affiliated with the formally elected government bodies and are instead concerned with the affairs of the Khap it represents. It is not affiliated with the democratically elected local assemblies that are also termed
393:
Sometimes, the Indian government avoids a direct confrontation with the panchayat especially in rural areas. In some cases in
Haryana, the police and locally elected leaders have supported the decisions of the khap panchayat.
288:(clans) prohibited to marry, and should have a brother-sister relationship. Punishments handed down by khap panchayats in marriage cases include fines, social ostracism, public humiliation, and expulsion from the village.
216:
Khaps have been dated back to the 14th or 15th century, as part of the social structure of the Hindu people, who lived in the region that is now north eastern
Rajasthan, eastern Haryana, and Western Uttar Pradesh. The
364:
harsh punishment. Only this way can we stamp out such acts of barbarism and feudal mentality. Moreover, these acts take the law into their own hands, and amount to kangaroo courts, which are wholly illegal.
894:
1210:
255:
and 12 Thambas formed the Khap unit of 84 villages, though Khaps of 12 and 24 villages existed. Their elected leaders would determine which units would be represented at the Khap level. The
1021:
497:
1039:
626:
228:'s khaps into the sarvkhap panchayat as far back as the 13th century. Haryana Sarwakhap Panchayat was established in 664 A.D. There is also a native belief that claims that
602:"Haryana's Dahiya khap, a body representing people of Jat community in Sonipat district, is organising a meeting to mark centenary celebrations in Sisana village on Monday"
1004:
653:
957:
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316:. In 2007, a khap panchayat ordered the killing of Manoj and Babli, who married within the same gotra. The two were killed by members of Babli’s family.
280:, while another suggested that the age of marriage should be dropped from 18 to 16 because being married would make young women less susceptible to rape.
142:. A Khap Panchayat has no official government recognition or authority but can exert significant social influence within the community it represents. The
1214:
183:
917:
347:
In recent times, the Khap system has attracted criticism from groups, citing the stark prejudice that such groups allegedly hold against others. The
351:(AIDWA) has reported cases where the Khaps are alleged to have initiated threats of murder and violence to couples who marry outside of the circle.
516:
760:
678:
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1137:
876:
302:
The largest Khap in
Haryana is the Satrol Khap, which allowed inter-caste marriage in 2014, providing the marriage is not within the same
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348:
536:
1043:
473:
1343:
1087:
374:
1382:
1111:
1387:
247:
The Khap consisted of a unit of 84 villages. The individual villages were governed by an elected council, known as the
1310:
1285:
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339:) leader Ganga Raj under Section 302 IPC read with section 120B, IPC for hatching the conspiracy to kill the couple.
77:
59:
1397:
1377:
965:
368:
In a 2012 report to the Supreme Court, Raju Ramachandran, a Senior Advocate appointed by the Court to assist it in
263:
said there are no female khap members because they feel uncomfortable attending, not because they are not allowed.
679:
https://www.bhaskar.com/amp/news/haryana-news-dahiya-khap-distributed-ration-in-40-villages-075504-6981062.html
44:
1362:
1155:
768:
484:
323:- Delivered on 23 March 2010 in the Manoj Babli Honor Killing case, the sessions Judge Vani Gopal Sharma of
1367:
328:
699:
1372:
369:
239:
During British colonial rule, influential khap members were chosen as officials for their local areas.
839:"Caste panchayats and the policing of marriage in Haryana: Enforcing kinship and territorial exogamy"
399:
412:(BJP), said that khap panchayats "are a deciding factor in the electoral success of a candidate."
421:
The group uses violence to maintain a rigid structure that controls members particularly, women,
312:
The decisions of the patriarchal Khap Panchayats have often been associated with the practice of
55:
409:
355:
139:
1331:
838:
1077:
151:
107:
95:
20:
174:
The Khaps evolved as tribal and village administrations.One of the terms used to denote the
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716:
284:
two years after they had married and produced a son, on the basis that they were from two
8:
1392:
395:
378:
858:
810:
686:
405:
195:
654:"Rival Faction Of Khaps Hold Mahapanchayat In Jind | Chandigarh News - Times of India"
1339:
1306:
1281:
1236:
1149:
1083:
862:
717:
Khap Panchayats in Transition with Contemporary Times: An Anthropological Evaluation.
332:
102:. They are found mostly in northern India, particularly among the village people of
1336:
Challenging The Rules(s) of Law: Colonialism, Criminology and Human Rights in India
1233:
Challenging The Rules(s) of Law: Colonialism, Criminology and Human Rights in India
850:
733:
454:
336:
324:
309:
A 2015 Sarv Khap meeting launched a "Save Daughters, Educate Daughter" movement.
225:
498:"Haryana's biggest khap panchayat scripts history, allows inter-caste marriages"
854:
801:
Kumar, Ajay (28 January 2012). "Khap Panchayats: A Socio-Historical Overview".
449:
313:
224:
There are historical documentational evidences that reveal the organization of
123:
51:
1356:
439:
296:
277:
126:
although historically the term has also been used among other communities. A
94:
is a community organisation representing a clan or a group of North Indian
232:
systematized the sarv–khap panchayat in the 7th century at Prayag (modern
583:"Muzaffarnagar riots: A Jat family protected 70 Muslims in Fugna village"
205:
155:
987:
814:
134:
is an assembly of many Khap Panchayats and usually of different castes.
485:क्या है खाप पंचायत, क्यों है उसका दबदबा?, Atul Sagar, BBC 5 August 2009
218:
1005:
Love marriages not acceptable, we won't allow them: Balyan khap leader
537:खाप पंचायतों का हृदय परिवर्तन! अंजलि सिन्हा, Sahara Samay, 26 Apr 2014
273:
233:
119:
517:"The Jats of Northern India Their Traditional Political System – II"
221:
were originally pastoral, but settled down and became agricultural.
62:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
1065:बेटी बचाओ, बेटी पढ़ाओ मुद्दे पर सर्वखाप महापंचायत, May – 17 – 2015
561:"Khap panchayats, sex ratio and female agency | Ravinder Kaur"
190:
175:
560:
1102:
State Of Haryana v. Ganga Raj,Times Of India, 26 March 2010,p. 8,
444:
163:
115:
103:
877:
In rural Haryana women blamed for rape where men make the rules.
761:"The Jats of Northern India: Their Traditional Political System"
1168:
402:, said in 2004 that "whatever the panchayat decides is right."
229:
1040:"खाप पंचायत का ऐतिहासिक फैसला, अंतर्जातीय शादी को दी हरी झंडी"
154:
until 2011 is one that has gained particular media attention.
422:
303:
285:
99:
1303:
Readings in Indian Sociology: Volume IX: Culture and Society
434:
209:
147:
111:
1126:". Calcutta, India: The Telegraph. Retrieved 4 April 2010.
1076:
Ellis, Desmond; Stuckless, Noreen; Smith, Carrie (2015).
159:
627:"चौटाला परिवार को जोड़ने में दो खेमों में बटी दहिया खाप"
933:"Haryana khap blames consumption of chowmein for rapes"
1332:"Khap Panchayats in Haryana: Sites of Legal Pluralism"
196:
1169:
Rohit Mullick & Neelam Raaj (9 September 2007).
918:"Haryana khaps launch campaign for girls' education"
715:
Thakur, Ratika; Sinha, A. K.; Pathak, R.K. (2015). "
1305:. Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications. p. 170.
1235:. Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications. p. 331.
1075:
1211:"Rein in khaps, prevent honour killings: SC panel"
1354:
1334:. In Kannabiran, Kalpana; Singh, Ranbir (eds.).
1144:. Archived from the original on 16 October 2007.
1135:
295:Naresh Tikait, head of Bhalyan Khap, criticized
1230:
1079:Marital Separation and Lethal Domestic Violence
651:
1186:
1184:
266:
1300:
1275:
1231:Kannabiran, Kalpana; Singh, Ranbir (2008).
895:"Khap Panchayats Root for Educated Leaders"
1190:
1181:
964:. Calcutta. 8 October 2012. Archived from
276:, a non-traditional food, for the rise in
1042:. Zee News. 21 April 2014. Archived from
78:Learn how and when to remove this message
1280:. Om Books International. p. 1959.
1257:Panchayats under the shadow of the khaps
1022:"Haryana's Biggest Khap Creates history"
836:
349:All India Democratic Women's Association
251:. A unit of seven villages was called a
1338:. SAGE Publications. pp. 331–354.
1329:
758:
514:
1355:
1276:David, Hilda; Jarman, Francis (2017).
1171:"Panchayats turn into kangaroo courts"
986:Yadav, Bhupendra (26 December 2009). "
915:
599:
384:
236:) during his quinquennial assemblage.
1271:
1269:
1226:
1224:
1136:T.K. Rajalakshmi (17 December 2004).
1019:
1003:5. Rai, Sandeep (23 November 2019). "
958:"Khap duo: Marry at 16 to check rape"
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796:
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792:
790:
711:
709:
495:
375:states and union territories of India
319:Death Sentence in Honour killing: In
306:, village, or neighbouring villages.
208:is one of the oldest leading Khap of
130:is an assembly of Khap elders, and a
558:
554:
552:
550:
548:
27:
782:Panchayat as early as 13th century.
759:Pradhan, M. C. (11 December 1965).
515:Pradhan, M. C. (18 December 1965).
415:
13:
1323:
1266:
1221:
1193:"Stamp out khap panchayats: court"
1122:Singh, Gajinder (31 March 2010). "
988:Khap Panchayats: Stealing freedom?
931:Saini, Manveer (16 October 2012).
893:Bajwa, Harpreet (16 August 2015).
821:
787:
706:
600:Deswal, Deepender (7 March 2011).
14:
1409:
843:Contributions to Indian Sociology
652:VIJENDER KUMAR (9 October 2022).
545:
1191:Venkatesan, J. (20 April 2011).
916:Siwach, Sukhbir (13 June 2014).
496:Saini, Manveer (21 April 2014).
32:
1294:
1249:
1203:
1162:
1129:
1116:
1112:Manoj–Babli honour killing case
1105:
1096:
1069:
1058:
1032:
1020:Saini, Manvir (11 April 2014).
1013:
997:
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950:
924:
909:
886:
869:
752:
726:
671:
645:
118:. But also amongst states like
16:System of social administration
1213:. 17 July 2012. Archived from
619:
593:
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559:Kaur, Ravinder (5 June 2010).
530:
508:
489:
478:
467:
377:until a law is enacted by the
1:
992:Economic and Political Weekly
803:Economic and Political Weekly
769:Economic and Political Weekly
524:Economic and Political Weekly
460:
321:State Of Haryana v. Ganga Raj
633:(in Hindi). 4 September 2019
342:
242:
7:
1301:Visvanathan, Susan (2013).
428:
197:
58:the claims made and adding
10:
1414:
1383:Identity politics in India
855:10.1177/006996670403800102
370:public interest litigation
267:Decisions on social issues
169:
18:
1388:Local government in India
1154:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1124:Death for honour killings
1082:. Routledge. p. 77.
740:(in Hindi). 16 March 2019
400:Chief Minister of Haryana
390:result in community ire.
734:"हरियाणा सर्वखाप पंचायत"
1398:Social history of India
1378:Honour killing in India
1330:Sangwan, K. S. (2008).
837:Chowdhry, Prem (2004).
331:under Section 302 IPC (
327:in Haryana has awarded
410:Bharatiya Janata Party
366:
356:Supreme Court of India
361:
152:Mahendra Singh Tikait
108:Western Uttar Pradesh
21:Khap (disambiguation)
1363:Community organizing
968:on 18 September 2016
589:. 14 September 2013.
19:For other uses, see
396:Om Prakash Chautala
385:Power and influence
1368:Dispute resolution
1175:The Times of India
1026:The Times of India
937:The Times of India
905:on 21 August 2015.
899:New Indian Express
883:. 12 October 2012.
881:The New York Times
658:The Times of India
606:The Times of India
502:The Times of India
406:Om Prakash Dhankar
379:federal parliament
329:capital punishment
230:King Harshavardhan
43:possibly contains
1373:Haryanavi culture
1345:978-0-76193-665-7
1199:. Chennai, India.
1089:978-1-31752-213-3
721:Panjab University
694:Missing or empty
333:Indian Penal Code
158:is major khap of
88:
87:
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45:original research
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1217:on 17 July 2012.
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