Korean People's Army

2288: 2349:(WPRG; Korean: 로농적위군), also translated as Workers and Peasants' Red Militia (WPRM), is a paramilitary force in North Korea. It is the largest civil defense force in North Korea. It is not only under State Affairs Commission (until 2016 National Defence Commission) and Ministry of Defence control, but is also attached to the Workers' Party of Korea under its Military Leadership Department. It is thus responsible to the Supreme Leader in his capacity as Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces. The militia is organized on a provincial/city/town/village level, and structured on a brigade, battalion, company, and platoon basis. The militia maintains infantry small arms, with some mortars, field guns and anti-aircraft guns and even modernized older equipment such as multiple rocket launchers like the BM-13 and older Ural D-62 motorcycles, although some units are unarmed indicating status as logistics and medical units. Its strength is estimated at 5 million personnel. 1665:, was established on 25 April 1932. This revolutionary army was transformed into the People's Army in anticipation of the regime's establishment on February 8, 1948. Until 1977, they commemorated February 8 as the "Founding Day" of the army. However, since 1978, they changed it to April 25, designating it as the "Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Army" and holding large-scale commemorative events. The reason for changing the date of the founding of the People's Army in North Korea is that Kim Il-sung organized the "Anti-Japanese People's Guerrilla Unit", a unit of the Anti-Japanese People's Army, in Ando County, Manchuria, on April 25, 1932, which later developed into the "Korean People's Revolutionary Army" and played a significant role in the anti-Japanese struggle. This is based on the "Kim Il-sung revolutionary tradition." Both these are celebrated as 148: 5873: 65: 2924: 1623: 122: 174: 1615: 135: 186: 1869: 1635: 161: 2042:, Kim Jong Il promoted 127 general and admiral grade officers. The following April he ordered the promotions of another 22 generals and flag officers. Along with these changes, many KPA officers were appointed to influential positions within the WPK. These promotions continue today, simultaneous with the celebration of Kim Il Sung's birthday and the KPA anniversary celebrations every April and since recently in July to honour the end of the Korean War. Under Kim Jong Il's leadership, political officers dispatched from the party monitored every move of a general's daily life, according to analysts similar to the work of Soviet 1607: 493: 356: 334: 312: 286: 272: 254: 229: 53: 2656: 2358: 2529: 2402: 532: 1779: 649: 3170: 1449: 3153:, a range of at least five new pixelated camouflage patterns and new soldiers' combat gear such as body armor, bulletproof helmets of all branches were shown for the first time. Even though it was difficult to tell the patterns apart from each other, two different green based designs, an arid camouflage design, blue camouflage design, and a two-color pixelated camouflage pattern for mountain and winter warfare were all observed. Also, the use of 2518: 2586: 2335:, and formerly the Korean People's Security Forces, the Korean People's Social Security Forces (KPSSF) forms the national gendarmerie and civil defence force of the KPA. The KPSSF has its units in various fields like civil defence, traffic management, civil disturbance control, and local security. It has its own special forces units. The service shares the ranks of the KPA (with the exception of Marshals) but wears different uniforms. 1919: 506: 519: 2102:

eight to six. "Military-first policy" was also removed from the charter, being replaced by "people-first politics". During the speech to the Congress, Kim Jong Un did not mention "army of the leader" to refer to the KPA, as it has been referred as before, instead naming it as an "army of the party", thus moving the party-army relations in the country closer to the ones typically found in other socialist states.

5657: 1766:, a forerunner to the Ministry of People's Defense, was created as part of the Interim People's Committee on 4 February 1948. The formal creation of the Korean People's Army was announced four days later on 8 February, the day after the Fourth Plenary Session of the People's Assembly approved the plan to separate the roles of the military and those of the police, seven months before the 2884:. North Korea generally designates rifles as "Type XX", similar to the Chinese naming system. On 15 November 2018, North Korea successfully tested a "newly developed ultramodern tactical weapon". Leader Kim Jong Un observed the test at the Academy of Defense Science and called it a "decisive turn" in bolstering the combat power of the North Korean army. 2959:(ICBM) capable of carrying a large nuclear warhead in July 2017. The Pentagon confirmed North Korea's ICBM tests, and analysts estimate that the new missile has a potential range of 10,400 kilometres (6,500 mi) and, if fired on a flatter trajectory, could be capable of reaching mainland U.S. territory. 3445:"Chosŏninmingun’ŭi ch’angsŏlgwa palchŏn, 1945~1990" (Foundation and Development of the Korean People's Army, 1945~1990), Chapter Two in Kyŏngnam University North Korean Studies Graduate School, Pukhan’gunsamunje’ŭi chaejomyŏng (The Military of North Korea: A New Look), Seoul, Hanul Academy, 2006, pp. 63–78. 1971:

Since 1990, numerous and dramatic transformations within North Korea have led to the current command and control structure. The details of the majority of these changes are simply unknown to the world. What little is known indicates that many changes were the natural result of the deaths of the aging

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The modern design of the flags appeared in 1993, when Kim Jong Il replaced the flag of the KPA with three separate ones for the army, navy, and air force. despite some claims, there has been no design for a unified flag for all the Armed Forces since: the DPRK occasionally, however, uses the Ground

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using this arsenal of artillery north of the Demilitarized Zone would lead to a massive loss of life in Seoul. One estimate projected hundreds of thousands or possibly millions of fatalities if North Korea uses chemical or nuclear munitions. A RAND Corporation conducted an extensive study in 2020 on

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The influence of the KPA Party Committee and the GPB was decreased; with the committee now ranking equal to provincial party committees. The GPB was also no longer equal to the Central Committee, while the CMC was again given effective command of the armed forces. The Military Affairs Department of

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Almost all officers of the KPA began their military careers as privates; only very few people are admitted to a military academy without prior service. The result is supposed to be an egalitarian military system where officers are familiar with the life of a military private and "military nobility"

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After the Korean War, North Korea maintained a powerful, but smaller military force than that of South Korea. In 1967 the KPA forces of about 345,000 were much smaller than the South Korean ground forces of about 585,000. North Korea's relative isolation and economic plight starting from the 1980s

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until 2011, to the Ministry of Defence and its General Staff Department. From there on, command and control flowed to the various bureaus and operational units. A secondary path, to ensure political control of the military establishment, extended through the CMC. The party's power was diluted; the

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Despite the general fuel and ammunition shortages for training, it is estimated that the wartime strategic reserves of food for the army are sufficient to feed the regular troops for 500 days, while fuel and ammunition – amounting to 1.5 million and 1.7 million tonnes respectively – are

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The Korean People's Army Naval Force (KPANF) is organized into two fleets (West Fleet and East Fleet, the latter being the larger of the two) which, owing to the limited range and general disrepair of their vessels, are not able to support each other, let alone meet for joint operations. The East

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held in 2021 marked the consolidation of WPK control over the army, as well as a further decrease in the army's power; the number of military delegates dropped from 719 in the 7th Congress to 408. Politburo members increased from 28 to 30, though incumbent military elite membership decreased from

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After the military was organised and facilities to educate its new recruits were constructed, the Constabulary Discipline Corps was reorganised into the Korean People's Army General Headquarters. The previously semi-official units became military regulars with the distribution of Soviet uniforms,

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on 29 June 2016. These amendments marked the decrease of the military's influence, with the newly established SAC including more civilian and less military members than the NDC. The constitution was further amended in 2019. The constitution now stipulated that the mission of North Korea's armed

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See "Puk chuyo’gi’nyŏm’il 5–10 nyŏnmada taegyumo yŏlpyŏngsik" (North Korea Holds Large Military Parades for Anniversaries Every 5–10 years), Chosŏn Ilbo, 25 April 2007; Chang Jun-ik, "Pukhan Inmingundaesa" (History of the North Korean Military), Seoul, Sŏmundang, 1991, pp. 19–88; Kim Kwang-su,

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are the youth cadet corps of the KPA for secondary level and university level students. Every Saturday, they hold mandatory 4-hour military training drills, and have training activities on and off campus to prepare them for military service when they turn 18 or after graduation, as well as for

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Within the KPA, between December 1991 and December 1995, nearly 800 high officers (out of approximately 1,200) received promotions and preferential assignments. Three days after Kim Jong Il became Marshal, eight generals were appointed to the rank of Vice-Marshal. In April 1997, on the 85th

3668: 2398:, North Korea's defence budget consumed some 25 percent of central government spending. In the mid-1970s and early 1980s, according to figures released by the Polish Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, between 32 and 38 percent of central government expenditures went towards defence. 1750:

The headquarters felt a need for a separate unit for security around railways, and the formation of the unit was announced on 11 January 1946. That unit was activated on 15 August of the same year to supervise existing security forces and creation of the national armed forces.

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KPA officers and soldiers are most often seen wearing a mix of olive green or tan uniforms. The basic dress uniform consists of a tunic and pants (white tunics for general officers in special occasions); female soldiers wear knee length skirts but can sometimes wear pants.

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Historically, North Korea has assisted a vast number of revolutionary, insurgent and terrorist groups in more than 62 countries. A cumulative total of more than 5,000 foreign personnel have been trained in North Korea, and over 7,000 military advisers, primarily from the

2607:(SAM) and satellites. Until April 2022, it was known as the KPA Air and Anti-Air Force. While much of the equipment is outdated, the high saturation of multilayered, overlapping, mutually supporting air defence sites provides a formidable challenge to enemy air attacks. 1754:

Military institutes such as the Pyongyang Academy (became No. 2 KPA Officers School in Jan. 1949) and the Central Constabulary Academy (became KPA Military Academy in Dec. 1948) soon followed for the education of political and military officers for the new armed forces.

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forces was to "defend unto death the Party Central Committee headed by the great Comrade Kim Jong Un". The chairman of the State Affairs Commission was named as the commander-in-chief of the armed forces as well as the "supreme representative of all the Korean people".

2394:, military expenditures for 2010 made up 15.8 percent of the state budget. Most analyses of North Korea's defence sector, however, estimate that defence spending constitutes between one-quarter and one-third of all government spending. As of 2003, according to the 2769:

missile submarines as scrap in 1993. Some analysts suggest that these have either been refurbished with the help of Russian experts or their launch tubes have been reverse-engineered and externally fitted to regular submarines or cargo ships. However the

2014:, from 1982 onward, was under direct presidential control. At the Eighteenth session of the sixth Central People's Committee, held on 23 May 1990, the SAC became established as its own independent commission, rising to the same status as the CPC (now the 3656: 3610: 2809:

in the Ground force; about 500 vessels in the Navy and 730 combat aircraft in the Air Force, of which 478 are fighters and 180 are bombers. North Korea also has the largest special forces in the world, as well as the largest

2018:) and not subordinated to it, as was the case before. Concurrent with this, Kim Jong Il was appointed first vice-chairman of the National Defence Commission. The following year, on 24 December 1991, Kim Jong Il was appointed 1693:. At the same time, a school was established near Yan'an for training military and political leaders for a future independent Korea. By 1945, the KVA had grown to approximately 1,000 men, mostly Korean deserters from the 2781:

receiving a briefing from his top generals on 29 March 2013 showed a list that purported to show that the military had a minimum of 40 submarines, 13 landing ships, 6 minesweepers, 27 support vessels and 1,852 aircraft.

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at 12:00 pm local time. South Korean officials claimed the test yielded 50 kilotons of explosive force, with many international observers claiming the test likely involved some form of a thermonuclear reaction.

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headquarters in Pyongyang issued a statement ordering all armed resistance groups in the northern part of the peninsula to disband on 12 October 1945. Two thousand Koreans with previous experience in the Soviet

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jammers. Current models include vehicle-mounted jammers with a range of 50 kilometres (31 mi)–100 kilometres (62 mi). Jammers with a range of more than 100 km are being developed, along with

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pattern uniforms by North Korean military personnel was first documented in 2020 during the same parade, although uniforms in this design may well have appeared in the armed forces inventory much earlier.

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was proclaimed on 9 September 1948. In addition, the Ministry of Defense was established, which controlled a central guard battalion, two divisions, and an independent mixed and combined arms brigade.

3524: 2999:, the Director General of the General Department of Atomic Energy (GDAE) of North Korea, to discuss nuclear matters. Ri Je-son was also mentioned in this role in 2002 in a United Nations article. 5661: 990: 4481:

Bolger, Daniel P., "Scenes from an Unfinished War: Low-Intensity Conflict in Korea, 1966–1969", Leavenworth Papers No. 19, Combat Studies Institute, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College,

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as the commander-in-chief of the armed forces, and stipulates that the mission of the armed forces is to "defend unto death the Party Central Committee headed by the great Comrade Kim Jong Un".

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Until 1977, the official date of establishment of the Korean People's Army was 8 February 1948. In 1978, the date was changed to 25 April 1932, the date the Korean People's Revolutionary Army,

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The KPA possess a variety of Chinese and Soviet sourced equipment and weaponry, as well as locally produced versions and improvements of the former. Soldiers are mostly armed with indigenous

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The charter of the WPK states that the KPA is "the revolutionary armed forces of the Workers’ Party of Korea and shall uphold the guidance of the party". The charter also states that the

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techniques and unconventional weaponry to achieve parity against high-tech enemy forces. North Korea is reported to have developed a wide range of technologies towards this end, such as

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and Japanese seismological authorities detected an earthquake with a preliminary estimated magnitude of 4.3 from the site in North Korea, proving the official claims to be true.

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Hansen added North Korea does not have a satellite capable of taking photos and may have had no choice but to purchase satellite images from an overseas internet website.

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a range of potential artillery bombardment scenarios and concluded that a strike on Seoul alone could result in over 100,000 casualties in the first hour of bombardment.

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North Korea also went on to claim that it had developed a nuclear weapon in 2009. It is widely believed to possess a stockpile of relatively simple nuclear weapons. The

937: 4523: 5075: 5415: 4809: 892: 3875: 1860:'s anti-Japanese guerrilla force, was formed. However, this change did not last, and by 2019, the KPA's date of establishment had been reverted to 8 February 1948. 6008: 2057:, all having KPA representatives with a minimum general officer rank. During this period the primary path for command and control of the KPA extended through the 5998: 5993: 4887: 4733: 2664:

has now tipped the balance of military power into the hands of the better-equipped South Korean military. In response to this predicament, North Korea relies on

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strategy. Along with the mechanization of some infantry units, more emphasis was put on light weapons, high-angle indirect fire, night fighting, and sea denial.

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In March 2024, Kim Jong Un was pictured driving a newly developed tank alongside soldiers taking part in drills which the leader said was preparation for war.

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states: "National defence is the supreme duty and honour of citizens. Citizens shall defend the country and serve in the armed forces as required by law."

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The Korean People's Army Air Force (KPAF) is also responsible for North Korea's air and space defense forces through the use of anti-aircraft artillery,

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The Strategic Force is a major division of the KPA that controls North Korea's nuclear and conventional strategic missiles. It is mainly equipped with

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The Korean People's Army Ground Force (KPAGF) is the main branch of the Korean People's Army responsible for land-based military operations. It is the

5816: 3807: 5911: 5574: 2730:. The Korean People's Army has also made attempts to jam South Korean military satellites. North Korea does not have satellites capable of obtaining 1486: 817: 5473: 5446: 3322: 3108:

Caps or peaked caps, especially for officers (and sometimes berets for women) are worn in spring and summer months and a Russian style fur hat (the

3980: 3956: 3748: 3287: 2566: 2422: 2370: 2019: 1111: 459: 4700: 4460: 4180: 4143: 3844: 3588: 2425:(KOMID) as North Korea's primary arms dealer and main exporter of equipment related to ballistic missiles and conventional weapons. It also named 1889:(CMC) is "the party's supreme institution on military guidance" and has "command over the armed forces of the republic". The CMC is headed by the 5293: 4857: 4770: 4549: 4025: 3702: 2634: 1794:

equipped the KPA with modern armaments. During the opening phases of the Korean War in 1950, the KPA quickly drove South Korean forces south and

1556: 778: 768: 178: 2707:– the elite North Korean cyber warfare unit – comprises approximately 1,800 highly trained hackers. In December 2014, the Bureau was accused of 5667: 2098: 977: 726: 1810:

in the remainder of the conflict. By the time of the Armistice in 1953, the KPA had sustained 290,000 casualties and lost 90,000 men as POWs.

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CMC was stripped of its authority to command the KPA in 2010. The KPA party committee outranked provincial party committees, while KPA's

2050: 1360: 1295: 764: 6367: 6337: 6232: 6114: 1342: 1338: 5031: 1669:, with decennial anniversaries treated as major celebrations, except from 1978 to 2014 when only the 1932 anniversary was celebrated. 4966: 3348: 2647:, it has continued to play a role of concentrating infiltration of troops into the territory of South Korea and conducting sabotage. 2328: 1432: 1322: 1121: 1032: 4930: 4911: 4605: 1806:. On 4 November, China openly staged a military intervention. The KPA subsequently played a secondary and minor role to the Chinese 5839: 5114: 3994: 3048: 3043: 1936: 1165: 1160: 1155: 326: 4300: 4274: 4248: 4206: 2106:

the WPK Central Committee was abolished, with its functions being transferred to the Department of Military-Political Leadership.

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aircraft provide a strategic airlift capacity of 6,000 troops, while the Navy's sea lift capacity amounts to 15,000 troops. The

3038: 2717:, a political satire comedy film based on the assassination of Kim Jong Un. The Korean People's Army has also made advances in 2005: 1818: 1660: 4231: 1459: 6207: 5797: 5778: 5759: 5740: 5590: 5537: 5198: 4495: 3988: 3931: 3117: 2754: 1655: 1479: 5083: 3634: 3423: 2437:, have been dispatched to some forty-seven countries. Some of the organisations which received North Korean aid include the 6415: 5891: 3139:) seems to be the most common headgear, and is sometimes worn with a camouflage covering. During the 15 April 2012 parade, 2948: 2940: 2887:

There is a Korean People's Army Military Hardware Museum located in Pyongyang that displays a range of the equipment used.

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KPA soldiers serve three years of military service in the KPA, which also runs its own factories, farms and trading arms.

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Barnett, D. Sean; Crane, Yvonne K.; Gentile, Gian; Bonds, Timothy M.; Madden, Dan; Pfrommer, Katherine (6 August 2020).

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Amended and supplemented on 1 April, Juche 102 (2013), at the Seventh Session of the Twelfth Supreme People's Assembly.

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camouflage patterns have also been worn in a few and rare images of North Korean army officers and service personnel.

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helmets were displayed in certain KPA units and similar helmets are currently used by KPA special operations forces.

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in the world, with 29.9% of the North Korean population actively serving, in reserve or in a paramilitary capacity.

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North Korea's Military Threat: Pyongyang's Conventional Forces, Weapons of Mass Destruction, and Ballistic Missiles

2955:, while U.S. intelligence believes the number to be between thirty and sixty. The regime conducted two tests of an 2501: 1618:

The KPA's flag from 1992 to 1993. Since this flag's retirement in 1993, the KPA has not had its own dedicated flag.

1472: 1315: 6302: 6272: 5942: 5360: 5138:"North Korean 'OICW' Combined Assault Rifle and Automatic Grenade Launcher Revealed During Day of the Sun Parade" 5004: 2978: 2339: 2085:

in June 2016, abolishing the National Defence Commission (NDC) except in times of war, and replacing it with the

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have been shifted to rear echelon or home guard units. A rifle of unknown nomenclature was seen during the 2017

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military parade, appearing to consist of a grenade launcher and a standard assault rifle, similar to the U.S.

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ended and during the Soviet Union's occupation of the part of Korea north of the 38th Parallel, the Soviet

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Standard military boots are worn for combat, women wear low heel shoes or heel boots for formal parades.

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received its initial training from KPA instructors. North Korean troops allegedly saw combat during the

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forces with permission from Soviet military headquarters, and the force was created on 21 October 1945.

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as a result and one year later he became the chairman of the National Defence Commission, by now under

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In non-dress uniforms, a steel helmet (the North Korean produced Type 40 helmet, a copy of the Soviet

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from which it drew its arms and ammunition. After the defeat of the Japanese, the KVA accompanied the

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operate more than 1,000 ballistic missiles according to South Korean officials in 2010, although the

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program and is likely to possess a stockpile of chemical weapons. The Korean People's Army operates

2089:(SAC), which was named the "supreme policy-oriented leadership body of State power". Kim became the 6443: 6438: 6147: 6129: 5646: 5364: 2806: 2798: 1992: 1730: 1407: 1217: 1141: 957: 926: 4022: 2832:. It has been a long-standing cause for concern that a preemptive strike or retaliatory strike on 2417:

North Korea sells missiles and military equipment to many countries worldwide. In April 2009, the

2387:("Military First") policy elevates the KPA to the primary position in the government and society. 19:

This article is about the North Korean military forces. For the South Korean military forces, see

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reported in 2012 that North Korea has fewer than 200 missile launchers. North Korea acquired 12

6395: 6327: 6322: 6277: 6267: 6247: 6227: 6182: 6051: 5947: 5916: 4967:"North Korea's Kim drives new-type tank during drills and calls for efforts to prepare for war" 4050: 2604: 2524:, one of North Korea's principal heavy artillery pieces. This example was photographed in Iraq. 2458: 2245: 2237: 2209: 2157: 2129: 2015: 1694: 1084: 1072: 433: 190: 5160: 2973:

On 9 October 2006, the North Korean government announced that it had unsuccessfully attempted

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useful for military purposes, and appears to use imagery from foreign commercial platforms.

1606: 6433: 6352: 6312: 5410: 5027: 3422:. U.S.-Korea Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies. 3183: 3007: 2766: 1630:(in use from 1993 to 2023) was sometimes used to represent the entire Korean People's Army. 1378: 469: 446: 2304:

for males for 10 years. Females are conscripted up until the age of 23. Article 86 of the

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North Korea possesses a vast array of long range artillery in shelters just north of the

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Military and Security Developments Involving the Democratic People's Republic of Korea

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Going Out of Business: Divesting the Commercial Interests of Asia's Socialist Soldiers

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A semi-submersible infiltration craft used by North Korean special forces in the 1980s

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The Korean People's Army operates a very large amount of equipment, including 4,100

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International Institute for Strategic Studies (2004). Langton, Christopher (ed.).

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in military operations planning and have supervised artillery bombardments in the

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On 3 September 2017, the North Korean leadership announced that it had conducted

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and his father, in virtue of being the KPA's founding commander in chief, became

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The vast majority of changes were undertaken to secure the power and position of

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of Soviet and Chinese design, as well as locally developed long-range missiles.

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network, Choi Song Min for DailyNK, part of the North Korea (31 January 2015).

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The KPA's annual budget is approximately US$ 6 billion. In 2009, the U.S.

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Soviet thinking on the strategic scale was replaced since December 1962 with a

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and the CMC, the KPA General Political and General Staff Departments and the

1791: 1778: 1106: 873: 851: 804: 553: 279: 5752:

Orders, Decorations, and Medals of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea

5565: 5548: 5499:"Sixth Nuclear Test Detected at Punggye-ri, Declared to be a Hydrogen Bomb" 3743: 3121: 2815: 2681: 2410: 2406: 2022:. Four months later, on 20 April 1992, Kim Jong Il was awarded the rank of 1739: 1726: 1328: 1101: 537: 383: 319: 4340: 4323: 2049:

Under Kim Jong Il, the KPA effectively exercised full control of both the

5076:"This is the military equipment that the North Korean military's packing" 4366:

Back to Basics: A Study of the Second Lebanon War and Operation CAST LEAD

3707: 3125: 2778: 2497: 2470: 2175: 2074: 2062: 1988: 1973: 1857: 1834: 1686: 1651: 1572: 1532: 1126: 1116: 1089: 1057: 1037: 846: 836: 799: 794: 784: 742: 701: 696: 341: 293: 261: 3010:

detonation. The detonation took place at an underground location at the

648: 4324:"The 'Ology War: technology and ideology in the defense of Hanoi, 1967" 2704: 2699:

Since the 1980s, North Korea has also been actively developing its own

2644: 1981: 1943: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1803: 1787: 5386:

Application of Safeguards in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea

5261:

SIPRI 2019 Yearbook: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security

4850:"North Korea Develops a Submarine Missile With Shooting Range 2,500km" 1844:

concept. The Soviet idea of direct warfare was replaced with a Maoist

1817:(MAC) was able to oversee and enforce the terms of the armistice. The 611: 6092: 5705: 3349:"What North Korea's army flags can teach us about its recent history" 2811: 2574: 2481: 1759:

badges, and weapons that followed the inception of the headquarters.

1697:. During this period, the KVA fought alongside the Chinese communist 1682: 209: 4496:

North Korean Intentions and Capabilities With Respect to South Korea

3517:"The Korean War 101: Causes, Course, and Conclusion of the Conflict" 2585: 2517: 2342:

or RMTUs constitute the primary reserve force component of the KPA.

1918: 6282: 4853: 4705: 3973:

Socialist Constitution of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea

3808:"Kim Jong-un Hailed as Supreme Commander of North Korea's Military" 3663: 3418: 3154: 2819: 2727: 2426: 2213: 2027: 1735: 1690: 4114: 3903: 3899:"North Korea changes constitution to solidify Kim Jong Un's rule" 3776: 3353: 3109: 2931:

North Korea has tested a series of different missiles, including

2802: 2750: 2692:

anti-personnel lasers, which are banned under the United Nations

2241: 2189: 2046:

during the early and middle years of the military establishment.

1977: 1714: 360: 316: 5263:. Oxford, UK: Stockholm International Peach Research Institute. 3839:

United States Department of Defense Virtual Information Center,

2822:

technology, and more modern Soviet or locally produced weapons.

2639:

The Korean People's Army Special Operation Force (KPASOF) is an

2073:

The organization of the KPA leadership was reformed again under

1646: 4524:

North Korea 'develops stealth paint to camouflage fighter jets'

3932:"North Korea introduces 'mandatory military service for women'" 3216: 3140: 3136: 3076: 2860:

as the standard issue weapon. Front line troops are issued the

2570: 2383: 2362: 2227: 1830: 681: 574: 524: 4816: 4111:"The Regime That Will Not Die: The North Korean Hybrid Threat" 2909:

program and is likely to possess a stockpile of such weapons.

1738:

were sent to various locations around the country to organise

5825: 5161:"North Korea tests new weapon amid stalled nuclear diplomacy" 3616: 3465:

Beijing's Power and China's Borders: Twenty Neighbors in Asia

3367:

Forces flag as a substitute to symbolize the entire military.

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A monument in Pyongyang, depicting North Korean airmen and a

670: 590: 498: 338: 290: 276: 258: 3265:"North Korea sustains high defense spending with new budget" 6035:

List of militant Korean independence activist organizations

5530:

Shield of the Great Leader. The Armed Forces of North Korea

5467: 4372:. Combat Studies Institute Press. p. 9. Archived from 3703:"The Changing Status and Role of the North Korean Military" 2985: 2877: 2786: 1685:, China. The two individuals responsible for the army were 511: 4734:"Expert: Guam image in Kim Jong Un photo from 6 years ago" 4639:"In North Korea, hackers are a handpicked, pampered elite" 2852:

List of equipment of the Korean People's Army Ground Force

5437:

Section, United Nations News Service (12 December 2002).

5259:

Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (2019).

4502: 4043:"Report on Implementation of 2009 Budget and 2010 Budget" 2722: 1639: 625: 5357:

Magnitude 4.3—North Korea (2006 October 09 01:35:28 UTC)

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on display in the United States in North Korean markings

2429:

as a supporter of North Korea's military related sales.

5532:. The Armed Forces of Asia. Sydney: Allen & Unwin. 5470:"Nuclear test conducted by North Korea, country claims" 3497:

James M. Minnich, The North Korean People's Army, p. 36

1782:

The Memorial of Soldiers at the Mansudae Grand Monument

1768:

government of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea

6480:

Military units and formations established in the 1940s

5790:

The North Korean Army: History, Structure, Daily Life

3479: 2818:

vintage vehicles and small arms, widely proliferated

2496:, Arabic-speaking KPA officers may have assisted the 2070:(GPB) had equal status to the WPK Central Committee. 2034:

control under the then 1992 constitution as amended.

4271:"Vietnamese Air-to-Air Victories, Part 2 (ACIG.org)" 3347:

Tertitskiy, Fyodor; Hotham, Oliver (10 April 2018).

3165: 2282: 1578:

The KPA considers its primary adversaries to be the

1522: 42: 4956:, Library of Congress, pp. 288–293 (on PDF reader). 3316:"DPR Korea 2008 Population Census: National Report" 2711:and making threats, leading to the cancellation of 1672: 5468:Joshua Berlinger; Taehoon Lee (3 September 2017). 4880:"N. Korea's photo offers glimpse of major weapons" 4568: 4566: 2738:sufficient to wage a full-scale war for 100 days. 2352: 5771:North Korea's Armed Forces: On the Path of Songun 5575:The International Institute for Strategic Studies 4600: 4598: 4596: 4594: 4592: 4590: 4588: 4505:. 21 September 1967. pp. 7, 11. SNIE 14.2–67 4399:"N.Korean Officers 'Helping Syrian Gov't Forces'" 3189:Central Military Band of the Korean People's Army 6466: 4997:"Sea of sarin: North Korea's chemical deterrent" 4637:Pearson, James; Park, Ju-min (5 December 2014). 4109:Bradley Martin, Bradley Martin (25 March 2013). 4093:. East-West Center. pp. 14, Table 2, p. 17. 3577:"The Evolution of North Korean Military Thought" 3346: 2423:Korea Mining and Development Trading Corporation 2371:Institute for Science and International Security 1851: 460:Korea Mining and Development Trading Corporation 5666:Scobell, Andrew; Sanford, John M (April 2007). 5191:"Naenara Democratic People's Republic of Korea" 4563: 4517: 4104: 4102: 4100: 3405: 1976:(July 1994), Minister of People's Armed Forces 5768: 5665: 5493: 5491: 4585: 4113:. International Affairs Review. Archived from 4108: 4035: 3801: 3799: 2643:with a total troop size of 200,000. Since the 6108: 5855: 5698:International Institute for Strategic Studies 5553:The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters 5395:IAEA – Board of Governors General Conference. 4768:Lawmaker Points to 1 Million Tons of War Rice 4297:"Far Eastern Air-to-Air Victories (ACIG.org)" 4068:. Oxford University Press. pp. 353–357. 2314: 2020:Supreme Commander of the Korean People's Army 1745: 1647:Korean People's Revolutionary Army, 1932–1948 1480: 4802:"North Korea has 1,000 missiles, South says" 4669:"N.Korea Developing High-Powered GPS Jammer" 4611:(Report). U.S. Department of Defense. 2012. 4488: 4097: 3955:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2635:Korean People's Army Special Operation Force 2396:International Institute of Strategic Studies 1880: 1512: 596: 580: 179:Korean People's Army Special Operation Force 36: 5488: 5406:"Nuke agency wary of N. Korea's invitation" 4636: 3796: 3292:(in Korean). United Nations. Archived from 3244: 3242: 3071:Yongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center 2897:North Korea and weapons of mass destruction 6115: 6101: 5862: 5848: 5787: 5314: 5219: 3769: 2801:, 11,000 air defence guns and some 10,000 2628: 2109: 1539:(WPK). The KPA consists of five branches: 1487: 1473: 63: 51: 5675:. Carlisle: Strategic Studies Institute. 5564: 5332: 4339: 4321: 4245:"Vietnamese Air-to-Air Victories, Part 1" 3259: 3257: 3112:hats) in winter. Variants of the British 2580: 2469:. Up to 200 KPAF pilots took part in the 1959:Learn how and when to remove this message 1709:, intending to gain recruits from ethnic 5730: 5527: 4701:"Satellite in Alleged NK Jamming Attack" 4573:North Korea's military aging but sizable 4129: 3805: 3736: 3239: 3049:September 2017 North Korean nuclear test 3044:September 2016 North Korean nuclear test 2922: 2703:capabilities. As of 2014, the secretive 2654: 2584: 2527: 2516: 2400: 2356: 2286: 2091:chairman of the State Affairs Commission 1980:(February 1995) and Minister of Defence 1897:. The state constitution also names the 1867: 1777: 1633: 1621: 1613: 1605: 349:Director of the General Political Bureau 5769:Mitzer, Stijn; Oliemans, Joost (2015). 5601:Jane's World Air Forces. Issue 25, 2007 5436: 4790:2009 North Korea Country Study, p. 252. 4088: 3929: 3631:"A Few Facts on North Korea's Army Day" 3414:"A Few Facts on North Korea's Army Day" 2912: 1773: 16:Combined military forces of North Korea 6490:History of the Workers' Party of Korea 6467: 6122: 5363:(USGS). 9 October 2006. Archived from 5158: 4681:from the original on 24 September 2012 3997:from the original on 8 June 2016 3866:"A Decade of the Kim Jong Un Doctrine" 3739:"North Korea Revamps Its Constitution" 3612:金正日(김정일)권력승계 큰 變數(변수) 「軍部(군부)장악」유난히 강조 3476:Scobell & Sanford 2007, pp. 18–19. 3438: 3411: 3377: 3375: 3254: 3039:January 2016 North Korean nuclear test 2532:North Korean soldiers standing at the 2373:reported that North Korea may possess 1819:Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission 1720: 6096: 5843: 5651:. Coulsdon: Jane's Information Group. 5546: 5476:from the original on 4 September 2017 5418:from the original on 27 February 2017 5286:"North Korea's Military Capabilities" 4860:from the original on 19 November 2012 4812:from the original on 16 October 2015. 4649:from the original on 19 December 2014 4475: 4303:from the original on 26 February 2014 3896: 3859: 3857: 3820:from the original on 20 December 2016 3732: 3730: 3696: 3694: 3692: 3690: 3688: 3686: 3671:from the original on 2 September 2019 3527:from the original on 16 December 2023 3285: 3118:Disruptive Pattern Camouflage Uniform 3006:with what it claimed to be its first 2949:submarine-launched ballistic missiles 2840: 2814:fleet. The equipment is a mixture of 1654:'s anti-Japanese guerrilla army, the 1571:; both posts are currently headed by 5749: 5735:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. 5643: 5631:from the original on 2 December 2010 5201:from the original on 23 October 2020 4731: 4362: 4251:from the original on 9 February 2013 4230:, 18 August 2006, Richard M Bennett 4149:from the original on 3 November 2012 3863: 3737:Atsuhito, Isozaki (26 August 2019). 3637:from the original on 9 November 2019 3426:from the original on 9 November 2019 3393:from the original on 30 October 2023 3279: 2905:believes North Korea probably has a 2617:Korean People's Army Strategic Force 1941:adding citations to reliable sources 1912: 1821:(NNSC), made up of delegations from 1596:second largest military organisation 883:Organization and Guidance Department 167:Korean People's Army Strategic Force 6495:Military wings of communist parties 5317:"North Korean nuclear capabilities" 5171:from the original on 25 August 2023 4799: 4746:from the original on 30 August 2017 4463:from the original on 9 January 2009 4457:Library of Congress Country Studies 4411:from the original on 13 August 2013 3806:Sang-hun, Choe (24 December 2011). 3591:from the original on 9 January 2009 3585:Library of Congress Country Studies 3372: 2977:for the first time. Experts at the 2890: 2507: 2324:contingency measures in peacetime. 1699:Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army 1594:of July 1953. As of 2021 it is the 888:Propaganda and Agitation Department 13: 6426:Dependencies and other territories 6039:Korean People's Revolutionary Army 5724: 5449:from the original on 11 April 2016 5283: 5148:from the original on 19 June 2017. 4977:from the original on 14 March 2024 4732:Shim, Elizabeth (17 August 2017). 4709:. 15 November 2012. Archived from 4137:"UN Listing of KOMID and Ryonbong" 3981:Foreign Languages Publishing House 3854: 3770:Tertitskiy, Fyodor (6 June 2016). 3727: 3683: 3557:from the original on 24 April 2016 3506:Scobell & Sanford 2007, p. 20. 3488:Scobell & Sanford 2007, p. 19. 3454:Scobell & Sanford 2007, p. 18. 3412:Carlin, Robert (1 February 2018). 3061:Tonghae Satellite Launching Ground 2957:intercontinental ballistic missile 2919:Intercontinental ballistic missile 2694:Protocol on Blinding Laser Weapons 2610: 2488:tactics around 2004, prior to the 2291:North Korean soldiers at Panmunjom 1656:Korean People's Revolutionary Army 1610:The KPA's first flag, used in 1948 57:Emblem of the Korean People's Army 14: 6506: 5807: 5792:. Abingdon-on-Thames: Routledge. 5754:. Springfield, VA: DBMPress.com. 5549:"North Korea's Military Strategy" 5505:from the original on 15 June 2018 5321:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 5296:from the original on 20 June 2017 5226:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 5159:Foster, Klug (15 November 2018). 5135: 5117:from the original on 14 June 2017 5034:from the original on 15 June 2022 5001:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 4890:from the original on 1 April 2013 4618:from the original on 10 June 2013 4277:from the original on 4 March 2013 3911:from the original on 25 June 2023 3878:from the original on 25 June 2023 3751:from the original on 25 June 2023 3715:from the original on 25 June 2023 2672:paint to conceal ground targets, 2542:Korean People's Army Ground Force 2480:North Korean instructors trained 2455:Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps 2451:Palestine Liberation Organization 2283:Conscription and terms of service 128:Korean People's Army Ground Force 5871: 5814:North Korea – CIA World Factbook 5660: This article incorporates 5655: 5104: 5073: 4947:North Korea Country Study (2009) 4209:from the original on 10 May 2012 4183:from the original on 4 July 2015 4169:"Relations with the Third World" 3864:Aoki, Naoko (21 December 2021). 3772:"The good things in North Korea" 3168: 2962: 2413:at the White House, October 2000 1917: 1673:Korean Volunteer Army, 1939–1948 1447: 647: 530: 517: 504: 491: 354: 332: 310: 284: 270: 252: 227: 184: 172: 159: 146: 133: 120: 69:Flag of the Korean People's Army 6388:States with limited recognition 5943:Reserve Military Training Units 5926:Paramilitary and reserve forces 5461: 5430: 5398: 5379: 5361:United States Geological Survey 5308: 5277: 5252: 5213: 5183: 5152: 5129: 5098: 5067: 5019: 4989: 4959: 4940: 4921: 4902: 4872: 4842: 4793: 4784: 4761: 4725: 4693: 4661: 4630: 4540: 4441: 4432: 4423: 4391: 4356: 4315: 4289: 4263: 4237: 4221: 4195: 4161: 4082: 4057: 4016: 3963: 3923: 3890: 3832: 3763: 3700: 3649: 3623: 3603: 3569: 3539: 3509: 3500: 3491: 3470: 3467:. Routledge (2014). pp. 116–117 3457: 2979:United States Geological Survey 2927:North Korean ballistic missiles 2650: 2512: 2392:North Korea's state news agency 2353:Budget and commercial interests 2340:Reserve Military Training Units 2331:and the wartime control of the 2251:Mechanised infantry divisions: 1928:needs additional citations for 1887:WPK Central Military Commission 1863: 1561:WPK Central Military Commission 6434:British Indian Ocean Territory 5222:"North Korean nuclear weapons" 5136:F, Nathaniel (21 April 2017). 5003:. 21 June 2017. Archived from 4049:. 9 April 2010. Archived from 4023:ISIS Fast Facts on North Korea 3897:Smith, Josh (29 August 2019). 3448: 3387:Encyclopedia of Korean Culture 3340: 3308: 3211:Republic of Korea Armed Forces 3034:2013 North Korean nuclear test 3029:2009 North Korean nuclear test 3024:2006 North Korean nuclear test 2774:does not list them as active. 2599:Korean People's Army Air Force 2553: 2061:which was led by its chairman 1899:president of the State Affairs 1872:A North Korean soldier at the 1802:and a subsequent drive to the 1580:Republic of Korea Armed Forces 1569:president of the State Affairs 1513: 597: 581: 154:Korean People's Army Air Force 37: 21:Republic of Korea Armed Forces 1: 6014:Reconnaissance General Bureau 5696: 5334:10.1080/00963402.2017.1413062 5238:10.1080/00963402.2022.2109341 4928:Order of Battle – North Korea 4547:North Korea's Human Torpedoes 4485:. Leavenworth, Kansas, p. 86. 4203:"Angola – Foreign Influences" 3667:(in Korean). 30 August 2023. 3521:Association for Asian Studies 3248: 3228: 2435:Reconnaissance General Bureau 1852:Date of establishment history 1815:Military Armistice Commission 559:Military ranks of North Korea 5731:Bermudez, Joseph S. (1998). 5528:Bermudez, Joseph S. (2001). 5315:Kristensen, Hans M. (2018). 5290:Council on Foreign Relations 5220:Kristensen, Hans M. (2022). 4824:"North Korea's New Missiles" 3267:. The Associated Press. 2024 3233: 3012:Punggye-ri nuclear test site 2969:North Korean nuclear program 2749:. Korean People's Air Force 2302:North Korea has conscription 1991:. Formerly, what is now the 1908: 1891:general secretary of the WPK 465:Nampo Kangso Missile Factory 425:Approximately US$ 4 billion 7: 5981:National Defence Commission 5969:Central Military Commission 5788:Tertitskiy, Fyodor (2022). 5733:North Korean special forces 4800:Kim, Jack (17 March 2010). 4328:Journal of Military History 4066:Military Balance, 2004–2005 3161: 3114:Disruptive Pattern Material 3099: 2728:electromagnetic pulse bombs 2623:surface-to-surface missiles 2447:Communist Party of Thailand 2329:Ministry of Social Security 2297:Conscription in North Korea 2059:National Defence Commission 1997:National Defence Commission 1893:, who is also CMC chairman 1786:Before the outbreak of the 1557:the Special Operation Force 1527:) encompasses the combined 1523: 1323:Ministry of Foreign Affairs 861:Central Auditing Commission 824:Central Military Commission 626: 612: 234:Central Military Commission 43: 10: 6511: 6178:People's Republic of China 5520: 5111:Small Arms Defense Journal 4739:United Press International 4438:Bermudez (2001), p. 93–95. 4047:Korean Central News Agency 4032:. Retrieved 21 April 2009. 4007:: CS1 maint: postscript ( 2966: 2916: 2903:U.S. Department of Defense 2894: 2849: 2845: 2772:U.S. Department of Defense 2759:U.S. Department of Defense 2632: 2614: 2596: 2565:Fleet is headquartered at 2557: 2539: 2536:between the blue buildings 2315:Paramilitary organisations 2294: 2001:Central People's Committee 1746:Formation of National Army 1601: 1584:United States Forces Korea 1563:, which is chaired by the 1535:and the armed wing of the 987:Central Public Prosecutors 327:Chief of the General Staff 18: 6424: 6386: 6128: 6060: 6030:Military history of Korea 6022: 6009:Military Security Command 5956: 5933:Worker-Peasant Red Guards 5925: 5884: 5750:Boik, William A. (2008). 5702:The Military Balance 2019 5644:Saunders, Stephen (ed.). 5614:North Korea Country Study 5579:The Military Balance 2007 5107:"North Korean Small Arms" 4909:Армии стран мира : К 4529:16 September 2014 at the 4453:North Korea Country Study 4322:Pribbenow, Merle (2003). 4173:North Korea Country Study 3970:"Chapter V, Article 86". 3847:27 September 2011 at the 3581:North Korea Country Study 3223:Worker-Peasant Red Guards 3151:parade on 10 October 2020 2830:Korean Demilitarized Zone 2807:anti-tank guided missiles 2799:multiple rocket launchers 2745:, but has other means of 2741:The KPA does not operate 2443:Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna 2347:Worker-Peasant Red Guards 2306:North Korean Constitution 2200:Pyongyang Defense Command 2079:Supreme People's Assembly 2032:Supreme People's Assembly 1881:Commission and leadership 1764:State Security Department 1588:Korean Demilitarized Zone 1559:. It is commanded by the 908:Supreme People's Assembly 688:("military-first" policy) 619: 605: 589: 573: 568: 552: 547: 483: 452: 445: 432: 419: 414: 404: 392: 382: 374: 369: 347: 325: 303: 299: 240: 222: 215: 199: 110: 92: 74: 62: 50: 35: 30: 5999:General Staff Department 5994:General Political Bureau 5974:State Affairs Commission 5833:25 February 2018 at the 5605:Jane's Information Group 5547:Hodge, Homer T. (2003). 5391:25 November 2013 at the 4582:, CNN, 25 November 2010. 4578:3 September 2014 at the 4429:Bermudez (2001), p. 101. 4089:Scobell, Andrew (2000). 3657: 3611: 3288: 3286:UNFPA (1 October 2009). 3054: 2459:Zimbabwean Fifth Brigade 2087:State Affairs Commission 2068:General Political Bureau 1993:State Affairs Commission 1905:is all but nonexistent. 1717:, and then enter Korea. 1206:Administrative divisions 1021:State Affairs Commission 569:Korean People's Army 206:State Affairs Commission 6485:Workers' Party of Korea 6475:Military of North Korea 6444:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 5912:Special Operation Force 5566:10.55540/0031-1723.2131 5443:UN News Service Section 4952:2 December 2010 at the 4179:Country Studies. 1993. 3551:Encyclopedia Britannica 3206:Military Foundation Day 3093:Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3 Unit 2 3016:North Hamgyong Province 2858:Kalashnikov-type rifles 2755:Strategic Rocket Forces 2629:Special Operation Force 2605:surface-to-air missiles 2377:for around two to nine 2218:North Hamgyong Province 2194:South Hamgyong Province 2166:South Hwanghae Province 2138:North Hwanghae Province 2110:Ground force formations 1808:People's Volunteer Army 1703:Chinese Communist Party 1537:Workers' Party of Korea 893:United Front Department 717:Workers' Party of Korea 640:Politics of North Korea 6052:Naval history of Korea 5948:Social Security Forces 5917:Missile General Bureau 5819:12 August 2015 at the 5662:public domain material 5585:: Routledge Journals. 5055:Cite journal requires 4914:6 October 2014 at the 4552:30 August 2014 at the 3851:accessed 27 June 2011. 2945:intercontinental-range 2928: 2682:blinding laser weapons 2660: 2594: 2581:Air and Anti-Air Force 2569:and the West Fleet at 2537: 2525: 2414: 2366: 2292: 2246:South Pyongan Province 2040:Kim Il Sung's birthday 2016:Cabinet of North Korea 1877: 1783: 1695:Imperial Japanese Army 1643: 1631: 1619: 1611: 1590:, as it has since the 1454:North Korea portal 1339:Diplomatic missions of 191:Missile General Bureau 98:; 76 years ago 80:; 92 years ago 6043:Korean Volunteer Army 6004:Supreme Guard Command 5647:Jane's Fighting Ships 4773:10 April 2011 at the 4341:10.1353/jmh.2003.0066 4028:17 April 2009 at the 2926: 2866:Type 58 assault rifle 2709:hacking Sony Pictures 2684:, and probably has a 2658: 2588: 2550:army of North Korea. 2531: 2520: 2404: 2361:Korean People's Army 2360: 2295:Further information: 2290: 1972:leadership including 1871: 1781: 1681:(KVA), was formed in 1679:Korean Volunteer Army 1637: 1625: 1617: 1609: 1565:WPK general secretary 1044:First Vice President 6363:United Arab Emirates 5878:Korean People's Army 5773:. Solihull: Helion. 5700:(15 February 2019). 5501:. 3 September 2017. 5411:The Washington Times 5165:The Associated Press 5007:on 20 September 2017 4677:. 7 September 2011. 4232:Missiles and madness 4205:. Country-data.com. 3983:. 2014. p. 18. 3289:한반도 인구 7천400만명 시대 임박 3184:April 25 Sports Club 2913:Nuclear capabilities 2589:A former Indonesian 2560:Korean People's Navy 2044:political commissars 1937:improve this article 1774:Conflicts and events 1713:, particularly from 1705:forces into eastern 1501:Korean People's Army 1379:Korean reunification 607:Revised Romanization 470:No 28 Shipyard Najin 141:Korean People's Navy 96:8 February 1948 31:Korean People's Army 5989:Ministry of Defence 5649:Vol. 110, 2007–2008 5622:Library of Congress 4933:8 June 2012 at the 4535:The Daily Telegraph 4177:Library of Congress 3383:"조선인민혁명군 (朝鮮人民革命軍)" 3066:Ryanggang explosion 2534:Joint Security Area 2463:Libyan–Egyptian War 2381:. The North Korean 2365:-vehicles on parade 2333:Ministry of Defence 2055:Ministry of Defence 2012:Ministry of Defence 1721:Soviet Korean Units 1592:Armistice Agreement 1302:(workers' district) 305:Minister of Defence 6123:Militaries of Asia 5195:www.naenara.com.kp 4884:Yonhap News Agency 4830:on 9 November 2012 4379:on 13 October 2011 3841:North Korea Primer 3813:The New York Times 3176:North Korea portal 3083:Asymmetric warfare 2929: 2882:S&T Daewoo K11 2864:, while the older 2841:Military equipment 2719:electronic warfare 2666:asymmetric warfare 2661: 2595: 2538: 2526: 2490:Second Lebanon War 2415: 2367: 2293: 2232:Ryanggang Province 2081:(SPA) amended the 1999:- was part of the 1878: 1784: 1644: 1632: 1620: 1612: 1418:Illicit activities 934:Standing Committee 453:Domestic suppliers 438:Approximately 26% 78:25 April 1932 6462: 6461: 6090: 6089: 5964:Supreme Commander 5957:Senior leadership 5799:978-1-032147-15-4 5780:978-1-910777-14-5 5761:978-0-615-19087-7 5742:978-1-55750-066-3 5592:978-1-85743-437-8 5539:978-1-86448-582-0 5284:Albert, Eleanor. 4973:. 14 March 2024. 4886:. 29 March 2013. 4713:on 6 October 2014 4537:, 23 August 2010. 4363:Farquhar, Scott. 4053:on 29 April 2011. 3990:978-9946-0-1099-1 3633:. February 2018. 3087:The launching of 2743:aircraft carriers 2732:satellite imagery 2674:midget submarines 2486:guerrilla warfare 2467:Angolan Civil War 1984:(February 1997). 1969: 1968: 1961: 1800:Battle of Incheon 1497: 1496: 1433:Security Ministry 1361:Visa requirements 1316:Foreign relations 1148:Recent elections 755:Central Committee 734:General Secretary 633: 632: 621:McCune–Reischauer 564: 563: 484:Foreign suppliers 406:Reserve personnel 375:Military age 6502: 6439:Christmas Island 6130:Sovereign states 6117: 6110: 6103: 6094: 6093: 5985: 5938:Red Youth Guards 5876: 5875: 5874: 5864: 5857: 5850: 5841: 5840: 5803: 5784: 5765: 5746: 5719: 5693: 5691: 5689: 5674: 5659: 5658: 5652: 5640: 5638: 5636: 5630: 5619: 5608: 5596: 5570: 5568: 5543: 5515: 5514: 5512: 5510: 5495: 5486: 5485: 5483: 5481: 5465: 5459: 5458: 5456: 5454: 5434: 5428: 5427: 5425: 5423: 5402: 5396: 5383: 5377: 5376: 5374: 5372: 5367:on 27 April 2014 5353: 5347: 5346: 5336: 5312: 5306: 5305: 5303: 5301: 5281: 5275: 5274: 5256: 5250: 5249: 5217: 5211: 5210: 5208: 5206: 5187: 5181: 5180: 5178: 5176: 5156: 5150: 5149: 5142:The Firearm Blog 5133: 5127: 5126: 5124: 5122: 5102: 5096: 5095: 5093: 5091: 5086:on 4 August 2016 5082:. 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Archived from 3767: 3761: 3760: 3758: 3756: 3734: 3725: 3724: 3722: 3720: 3698: 3681: 3680: 3678: 3676: 3658:건군절 변천사와 김정은의 고뇌 3653: 3647: 3646: 3644: 3642: 3627: 3621: 3620: 3607: 3601: 3600: 3598: 3596: 3573: 3567: 3566: 3564: 3562: 3543: 3537: 3536: 3534: 3532: 3513: 3507: 3504: 3498: 3495: 3489: 3486: 3477: 3474: 3468: 3463:Elleman, Bruce. 3461: 3455: 3452: 3446: 3442: 3436: 3435: 3433: 3431: 3409: 3403: 3402: 3400: 3398: 3379: 3370: 3369: 3363: 3361: 3344: 3338: 3337: 3335: 3333: 3328:on 31 March 2010 3327: 3321:. Archived from 3320: 3312: 3306: 3305: 3303: 3301: 3283: 3277: 3276: 3274: 3272: 3261: 3252: 3246: 3178: 3173: 3172: 3171: 3120:, United States 3089:Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3 2998: 2907:chemical weapons 2891:Chemical weapons 2880:or South Korean 2777:A photograph of 2747:power projection 2686:chemical weapons 2641:asymmetric force 2508:Service branches 2502:Battle of Aleppo 2498:Syrian Arab Army 2494:Syrian Civil War 2379:nuclear warheads 2375:fissile material 2321:Red Youth Guards 2277:820th Tank Corps 2180:Kangwon Province 2124:Kangwon Province 2099:8th WPK Congress 2010:(CPC) while the 2009: 1964: 1957: 1953: 1950: 1944: 1921: 1913: 1846:war of attrition 1790:, Soviet leader 1711:Koreans in China 1664: 1628:KPA Ground Force 1626:The flag of the 1541:the Ground Force 1526: 1524:Chosŏn inmin'gun 1516: 1515: 1489: 1482: 1475: 1452: 1451: 1450: 1301: 1290: 1279: 1268: 1251: 1248: 923: 687: 677:(state ideology) 676: 651: 635: 634: 629: 615: 600: 599: 584: 583: 566: 565: 548:Related articles 536: 534: 533: 523: 521: 520: 510: 508: 507: 497: 495: 494: 441: 428: 393:Active personnel 364:Jong Kyong-thaek 359: 358: 357: 337: 336: 335: 315: 314: 313: 289: 288: 287: 275: 274: 273: 257: 256: 255: 232: 231: 230: 189: 188: 187: 177: 176: 175: 165: 163: 162: 152: 150: 149: 139: 137: 136: 126: 124: 123: 112:Service branches 106: 104: 99: 88: 86: 81: 67: 55: 46: 44:Chosŏn inmin'gun 40: 39: 28: 27: 6510: 6509: 6505: 6504: 6503: 6501: 6500: 6499: 6465: 6464: 6463: 6458: 6420: 6406:Northern Cyprus 6382: 6283:Myanmar (Burma) 6124: 6121: 6091: 6086: 6056: 6018: 5976: 5952: 5921: 5907:Strategic Force 5880: 5872: 5870: 5868: 5835:Wayback Machine 5821:Wayback Machine 5810: 5800: 5781: 5762: 5743: 5727: 5725:Further reading 5722: 5716: 5687: 5685: 5683: 5672: 5656: 5634: 5632: 5628: 5617: 5611: 5599: 5593: 5577:(IISS) (2007). 5540: 5523: 5518: 5508: 5506: 5497: 5496: 5489: 5479: 5477: 5466: 5462: 5452: 5450: 5435: 5431: 5421: 5419: 5404: 5403: 5399: 5393:Wayback Machine 5384: 5380: 5370: 5368: 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4424: 4414: 4412: 4407:. 5 June 2013. 4404:The Chosun Ilbo 4397: 4396: 4392: 4382: 4380: 4376: 4369: 4361: 4357: 4320: 4316: 4306: 4304: 4295: 4294: 4290: 4280: 4278: 4269: 4268: 4264: 4254: 4252: 4243: 4242: 4238: 4226: 4222: 4212: 4210: 4201: 4200: 4196: 4186: 4184: 4167: 4166: 4162: 4152: 4150: 4146: 4139: 4135: 4134: 4130: 4120: 4118: 4107: 4098: 4087: 4083: 4076: 4062: 4058: 4041: 4040: 4036: 4030:Wayback Machine 4021: 4017: 4000: 3999: 3991: 3976: 3969: 3968: 3964: 3948: 3947: 3940: 3938: 3928: 3924: 3914: 3912: 3895: 3891: 3881: 3879: 3862: 3855: 3849:Wayback Machine 3837: 3833: 3823: 3821: 3804: 3797: 3787: 3785: 3784:on 17 June 2016 3768: 3764: 3754: 3752: 3735: 3728: 3718: 3716: 3701:Lee, Gee-dong. 3699: 3684: 3674: 3672: 3659: 3655: 3654: 3650: 3640: 3638: 3629: 3628: 3624: 3613: 3609: 3608: 3604: 3594: 3592: 3575: 3574: 3570: 3560: 3558: 3545: 3544: 3540: 3530: 3528: 3515: 3514: 3510: 3505: 3501: 3496: 3492: 3487: 3480: 3475: 3471: 3462: 3458: 3453: 3449: 3443: 3439: 3429: 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1144: 1134: 1133: 1075: 1065: 1064: 1054:Vice President 1023: 1013: 1012: 919: 910: 900: 899: 719: 709: 708: 692:Eternal leaders 685: 674: 665: 642: 627:Chosŏn Inmingun 613:Joseon Inmingun 601: 585: 543: 531: 529: 518: 516: 505: 503: 492: 490: 479: 439: 426: 355: 353: 333: 331: 311: 309: 285: 283: 282: 271: 269: 268: 253: 251: 250: 228: 226: 195: 185: 183: 173: 171: 160: 158: 147: 145: 134: 132: 121: 119: 102: 100: 97: 84: 82: 79: 70: 58: 41: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6508: 6498: 6497: 6492: 6487: 6482: 6477: 6460: 6459: 6457: 6456: 6451: 6446: 6441: 6436: 6430: 6428: 6422: 6421: 6419: 6418: 6413: 6408: 6403: 6398: 6392: 6390: 6384: 6383: 6381: 6380: 6375: 6370: 6365: 6360: 6355: 6350: 6345: 6340: 6335: 6330: 6325: 6320: 6315: 6310: 6305: 6300: 6295: 6290: 6285: 6280: 6275: 6270: 6265: 6260: 6255: 6250: 6245: 6240: 6235: 6230: 6225: 6220: 6215: 6210: 6205: 6200: 6195: 6190: 6185: 6180: 6175: 6170: 6165: 6160: 6155: 6150: 6145: 6140: 6134: 6132: 6126: 6125: 6120: 6119: 6112: 6105: 6097: 6088: 6087: 6085: 6084: 6083: 6082: 6077: 6072: 6061: 6058: 6057: 6055: 6054: 6049: 6048: 6047: 6046: 6045: 6040: 6026: 6024: 6020: 6019: 6017: 6016: 6011: 6006: 6001: 5996: 5991: 5986: 5971: 5966: 5960: 5958: 5954: 5953: 5951: 5950: 5945: 5940: 5935: 5929: 5927: 5923: 5922: 5920: 5919: 5914: 5909: 5904: 5899: 5894: 5888: 5886: 5882: 5881: 5867: 5866: 5859: 5852: 5844: 5838: 5837: 5823: 5809: 5808:External links 5806: 5805: 5804: 5798: 5785: 5779: 5766: 5760: 5747: 5741: 5726: 5723: 5721: 5720: 5714: 5694: 5681: 5653: 5641: 5609: 5597: 5591: 5571: 5544: 5538: 5524: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5516: 5487: 5460: 5429: 5397: 5378: 5348: 5307: 5276: 5269: 5251: 5232:(5): 273–294. 5212: 5182: 5151: 5128: 5097: 5066: 5057:|journal= 5018: 4988: 4958: 4939: 4920: 4901: 4871: 4841: 4815: 4792: 4783: 4760: 4724: 4692: 4660: 4629: 4584: 4562: 4539: 4516: 4487: 4474: 4440: 4431: 4422: 4390: 4355: 4314: 4288: 4262: 4236: 4220: 4194: 4160: 4128: 4096: 4081: 4074: 4056: 4034: 4015: 3989: 3962: 3922: 3889: 3871:Foreign Policy 3853: 3831: 3795: 3762: 3726: 3682: 3648: 3622: 3602: 3568: 3538: 3508: 3499: 3490: 3478: 3469: 3456: 3447: 3437: 3404: 3371: 3339: 3307: 3296:on 24 May 2013 3278: 3253: 3251:, pp. 280–281. 3237: 3235: 3232: 3230: 3227: 3226: 3225: 3220: 3213: 3208: 3203: 3198: 3195:Joson Inmingun 3191: 3186: 3180: 3179: 3163: 3160: 3101: 3098: 3097: 3096: 3085: 3080: 3073: 3068: 3063: 3056: 3053: 3052: 3051: 3046: 3041: 3036: 3031: 3026: 3004:a nuclear test 2975:a nuclear test 2967:Main article: 2964: 2961: 2917:Main article: 2914: 2911: 2895:Main article: 2892: 2889: 2874:Day of the Sun 2847: 2844: 2842: 2839: 2797:pieces, 5,100 2721:by developing 2652: 2649: 2633:Main article: 2630: 2627: 2615:Main article: 2612: 2609: 2597:Main article: 2582: 2579: 2558:Main article: 2555: 2552: 2540:Main article: 2514: 2511: 2509: 2506: 2427:Korea Ryonbong 2419:United Nations 2354: 2351: 2316: 2313: 2284: 2281: 2280: 2279: 2274: 2273: 2272: 2270:815th Division 2267: 2265:806th Division 2262: 2260:425th Division 2257: 2255:108th Division 2249: 2235: 2221: 2207: 2202: 2197: 2183: 2169: 2155: 2141: 2127: 2120:Hoeyang County 2111: 2108: 1967: 1966: 1925: 1923: 1916: 1910: 1907: 1882: 1879: 1865: 1862: 1853: 1850: 1823:Czechoslovakia 1796:captured Seoul 1775: 1772: 1747: 1744: 1722: 1719: 1674: 1671: 1648: 1645: 1603: 1600: 1495: 1494: 1492: 1491: 1484: 1477: 1469: 1466: 1465: 1463: 1462: 1456: 1443: 1442: 1438: 1437: 1436: 1435: 1430: 1420: 1415: 1410: 1405: 1400: 1394: 1393: 1391:Related topics 1390: 1389: 1386: 1385: 1382: 1381: 1376: 1369: 1368: 1363: 1358: 1353: 1346: 1345: 1343:in North Korea 1334: 1333: 1332: 1331: 1319: 1314: 1313: 1310: 1309: 1306: 1305: 1304: 1303: 1292: 1281: 1280:(neighborhood) 1270: 1254: 1253: 1252: 1239: 1227: 1226: 1225: 1223:Special cities 1220: 1209: 1204: 1203: 1200: 1199: 1196: 1195: 1194: 1193: 1191: 1190: 1185: 1180: 1173: 1171: 1169: 1168: 1163: 1158: 1151: 1145: 1140: 1139: 1136: 1135: 1132: 1131: 1130: 1129: 1124: 1119: 1114: 1112:Kim Song-ryong 1109: 1104: 1094: 1093: 1092: 1076: 1071: 1070: 1067: 1066: 1063: 1062: 1061: 1060: 1052: 1051: 1050: 1048:Choe Ryong-hae 1042: 1041: 1040: 1024: 1019: 1018: 1015: 1014: 1011: 1010: 1009: 1008: 1007: 1006: 1005: 1004: 984: 983: 982: 981: 980: 955: 954: 953: 952: 951: 949:Choe Ryong-hae 931: 930: 929: 911: 906: 905: 902: 901: 898: 897: 896: 895: 890: 885: 880: 879: 878: 877: 876: 858: 857: 856: 855: 854: 849: 843:Vice Chairman 841: 840: 839: 821: 811: 810: 809: 808: 807: 802: 797: 792: 790:Choe Ryong-hae 787: 752: 747: 746: 745: 738:Supreme Leader 720: 715: 714: 711: 710: 707: 706: 705: 704: 699: 689: 678: 666: 661: 660: 657: 656: 653: 652: 644: 643: 638: 631: 630: 623: 617: 616: 609: 603: 602: 595: 593: 587: 586: 579: 577: 571: 570: 562: 561: 556: 550: 549: 545: 544: 542: 541: 527: 514: 501: 487: 485: 481: 480: 478: 477: 475:Nampo Shipyard 472: 467: 462: 456: 454: 450: 449: 443: 442: 436: 434:Percent of GDP 430: 429: 423: 417: 416: 412: 411: 408: 402: 401: 394: 390: 389: 386: 380: 379: 376: 372: 371: 367: 366: 351: 345: 344: 329: 323: 322: 307: 301: 300: 297: 296: 242: 241:CMC leadership 238: 237: 224: 223:Governing body 220: 219: 213: 212: 203: 197: 196: 194: 193: 181: 169: 156: 143: 130: 116: 114: 108: 107: 94: 90: 89: 76: 72: 71: 68: 60: 59: 56: 48: 47: 33: 32: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6507: 6496: 6493: 6491: 6488: 6486: 6483: 6481: 6478: 6476: 6473: 6472: 6470: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6435: 6432: 6431: 6429: 6427: 6423: 6417: 6414: 6412: 6409: 6407: 6404: 6402: 6401:South Ossetia 6399: 6397: 6394: 6393: 6391: 6389: 6385: 6379: 6376: 6374: 6371: 6369: 6366: 6364: 6361: 6359: 6356: 6354: 6351: 6349: 6346: 6344: 6341: 6339: 6336: 6334: 6331: 6329: 6326: 6324: 6321: 6319: 6316: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6306: 6304: 6301: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6276: 6274: 6271: 6269: 6266: 6264: 6261: 6259: 6256: 6254: 6251: 6249: 6246: 6244: 6241: 6239: 6236: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6226: 6224: 6221: 6219: 6216: 6214: 6211: 6209: 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5682:1-58487-286-1 5678: 5671: 5670: 5663: 5654: 5650: 5648: 5642: 5627: 5623: 5616: 5615: 5610: 5606: 5602: 5598: 5594: 5588: 5584: 5580: 5576: 5572: 5567: 5562: 5558: 5554: 5550: 5545: 5541: 5535: 5531: 5526: 5525: 5504: 5500: 5494: 5492: 5475: 5471: 5464: 5448: 5444: 5440: 5433: 5417: 5413: 5412: 5407: 5401: 5394: 5390: 5387: 5382: 5366: 5362: 5358: 5352: 5344: 5340: 5335: 5330: 5326: 5322: 5318: 5311: 5295: 5291: 5287: 5280: 5272: 5270:9780198839996 5266: 5262: 5255: 5247: 5243: 5239: 5235: 5231: 5227: 5223: 5216: 5200: 5196: 5192: 5186: 5170: 5166: 5162: 5155: 5147: 5143: 5139: 5132: 5116: 5112: 5108: 5101: 5085: 5081: 5077: 5070: 5062: 5049: 5033: 5029: 5022: 5006: 5002: 4998: 4992: 4976: 4972: 4968: 4962: 4955: 4951: 4948: 4943: 4936: 4932: 4929: 4924: 4917: 4913: 4910: 4905: 4889: 4885: 4881: 4875: 4859: 4855: 4851: 4845: 4829: 4825: 4819: 4811: 4807: 4803: 4796: 4787: 4780: 4776: 4772: 4769: 4764: 4757: 4745: 4741: 4740: 4735: 4728: 4712: 4708: 4707: 4702: 4696: 4680: 4676: 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Pyongyang: 3975: 3974: 3966: 3958: 3952: 3937: 3933: 3926: 3910: 3906: 3905: 3900: 3893: 3877: 3873: 3872: 3867: 3860: 3858: 3850: 3846: 3843: 3842: 3835: 3819: 3815: 3814: 3809: 3802: 3800: 3783: 3779: 3778: 3773: 3766: 3750: 3746: 3745: 3740: 3733: 3731: 3714: 3710: 3709: 3704: 3697: 3695: 3693: 3691: 3689: 3687: 3670: 3666: 3665: 3660: 3652: 3636: 3632: 3626: 3618: 3615:(in Korean). 3614: 3606: 3590: 3586: 3582: 3578: 3572: 3556: 3552: 3548: 3542: 3526: 3522: 3518: 3512: 3503: 3494: 3485: 3483: 3473: 3466: 3460: 3451: 3441: 3425: 3421: 3420: 3415: 3408: 3392: 3388: 3385:(in Korean). 3384: 3378: 3376: 3368: 3356: 3355: 3350: 3343: 3324: 3317: 3311: 3295: 3291: 3282: 3266: 3260: 3258: 3250: 3245: 3243: 3238: 3224: 3221: 3219: 3218: 3214: 3212: 3209: 3207: 3204: 3202: 3199: 3197: 3196: 3192: 3190: 3187: 3185: 3182: 3181: 3177: 3166: 3159: 3156: 3152: 3147: 3144: 3142: 3138: 3133: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3116:, Australian 3115: 3111: 3106: 3094: 3090: 3086: 3084: 3081: 3079: 3078: 3074: 3072: 3069: 3067: 3064: 3062: 3059: 3058: 3050: 3047: 3045: 3042: 3040: 3037: 3035: 3032: 3030: 3027: 3025: 3022: 3021: 3020: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3008:hydrogen bomb 3005: 3000: 2996: 2991: 2987: 2982: 2980: 2976: 2970: 2963:Nuclear tests 2960: 2958: 2954: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2941:intermediate- 2938: 2934: 2925: 2920: 2910: 2908: 2904: 2898: 2888: 2885: 2883: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2859: 2853: 2838: 2835: 2831: 2826: 2823: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2808: 2804: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2788: 2783: 2780: 2775: 2773: 2768: 2767:Golf-II class 2764: 2763:Foxtrot class 2760: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2739: 2735: 2733: 2729: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2715: 2714:The Interview 2710: 2706: 2702: 2701:cyber warfare 2697: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2657: 2648: 2646: 2642: 2636: 2626: 2624: 2618: 2608: 2606: 2600: 2592: 2587: 2578: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2561: 2551: 2549: 2543: 2535: 2530: 2523: 2519: 2505: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2492:. During the 2491: 2487: 2483: 2478: 2476: 2475:North Vietnam 2472: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2430: 2428: 2424: 2420: 2412: 2408: 2405:Vice Marshal 2403: 2399: 2397: 2393: 2390:According to 2388: 2386: 2385: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2364: 2359: 2350: 2348: 2343: 2341: 2336: 2334: 2330: 2325: 2322: 2312: 2309: 2307: 2303: 2298: 2289: 2278: 2275: 2271: 2268: 2266: 2263: 2261: 2258: 2256: 2253: 2252: 2250: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2236: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2222: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2208: 2206: 2203: 2201: 2198: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2184: 2181: 2177: 2173: 2170: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2156: 2153: 2152:South Pyongan 2149: 2145: 2142: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2128: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2114: 2113: 2107: 2103: 2100: 2095: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2080: 2076: 2071: 2069: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2047: 2045: 2041: 2035: 2033: 2029: 2028:Grand Marshal 2025: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2007: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1985: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1963: 1960: 1952: 1942: 1938: 1932: 1931: 1926:This section 1924: 1920: 1915: 1914: 1906: 1902: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1875: 1870: 1861: 1859: 1849: 1847: 1843: 1838: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1813:In 1953, the 1811: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1792:Joseph Stalin 1789: 1780: 1771: 1769: 1765: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1743: 1741: 1737: 1732: 1728: 1718: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1677:In 1939, the 1670: 1668: 1662: 1657: 1653: 1641: 1636: 1629: 1624: 1616: 1608: 1599: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1586:, across the 1585: 1581: 1576: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1549:the Air Force 1546: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1525: 1520: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1490: 1485: 1483: 1478: 1476: 1471: 1470: 1468: 1467: 1461: 1458: 1457: 1455: 1445: 1444: 1434: 1431: 1429: 1426: 1425: 1424: 1421: 1419: 1416: 1414: 1411: 1409: 1406: 1404: 1401: 1399: 1396: 1395: 1388: 1387: 1380: 1377: 1375: 1372: 1371: 1367: 1364: 1362: 1359: 1357: 1354: 1352: 1349: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1337: 1336: 1330: 1326: 1325: 1324: 1321: 1320: 1317: 1312: 1311: 1298: 1297: 1293: 1287: 1286: 1282: 1276: 1275: 1271: 1265: 1264: 1260: 1259: 1258: 1255: 1245: 1244: 1240: 1238: 1235: 1234: 1233: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1221: 1219: 1216: 1215: 1214: 1211: 1210: 1207: 1202: 1201: 1189: 1186: 1184: 1181: 1179: 1175: 1174: 1172: 1167: 1164: 1162: 1159: 1157: 1153: 1152: 1150: 1149: 1147: 1146: 1143: 1138: 1137: 1128: 1125: 1123: 1120: 1118: 1115: 1113: 1110: 1108: 1107:Jon Hyon-chol 1105: 1103: 1100: 1099: 1098: 1095: 1091: 1088: 1087: 1086: 1083: 1082: 1081: 1080: 1074: 1069: 1068: 1059: 1056: 1055: 1053: 1049: 1046: 1045: 1043: 1039: 1036: 1035: 1034: 1031: 1030: 1029: 1028: 1022: 1017: 1016: 1003: 1002:Kim Myong-gil 1000: 999: 998: 995: 994: 992: 988: 985: 979: 976: 975: 974: 971: 970: 968: 964: 963:Central Court 961: 960: 959: 956: 950: 947: 946: 945: 942: 941: 939: 935: 932: 928: 925: 924: 922: 918: 917: 916: 915: 909: 904: 903: 894: 891: 889: 886: 884: 881: 875: 874:Kim Jae-ryong 872: 871: 869: 868: 866: 862: 859: 853: 852:Ri Pyong-chol 850: 848: 845: 844: 842: 838: 835: 834: 832: 831: 829: 825: 822: 819: 815: 812: 806: 805:Ri Pyong-chol 803: 801: 798: 796: 793: 791: 788: 786: 783: 782: 780: 776: 773: 772: 770: 766: 763: 762: 760: 756: 753: 751: 748: 744: 741: 740: 739: 735: 732: 731: 730: 728: 724: 718: 713: 712: 703: 700: 698: 695: 694: 693: 690: 684: 683: 679: 673: 672: 668: 667: 664: 659: 658: 655: 654: 650: 646: 645: 641: 637: 636: 628: 624: 622: 618: 614: 610: 608: 604: 594: 592: 588: 578: 576: 572: 567: 560: 557: 555: 551: 546: 539: 528: 526: 515: 513: 502: 500: 489: 488: 486: 482: 476: 473: 471: 468: 466: 463: 461: 458: 457: 455: 451: 448: 444: 437: 435: 431: 424: 422: 418: 413: 409: 407: 403: 399: 395: 391: 387: 385: 381: 377: 373: 368: 365: 362: 352: 350: 346: 343: 340: 330: 328: 324: 321: 318: 308: 306: 302: 298: 295: 292: 281: 280:Ri Pyong-chol 278: 266: 265:Vice Chairmen 263: 260: 249: 247: 243: 239: 235: 225: 221: 218: 214: 211: 207: 204: 202: 198: 192: 182: 180: 170: 168: 157: 155: 144: 142: 131: 129: 118: 117: 115: 113: 109: 95: 91: 77: 73: 66: 61: 54: 49: 45: 34: 29: 26: 22: 6358:Turkmenistan 6318:Saudi Arabia 6237: 5978: 5892:Ground Force 5877: 5826: 5789: 5770: 5751: 5732: 5701: 5686:. 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Retrieved 3215: 3193: 3148: 3145: 3134: 3130:tiger stripe 3122:ERDL pattern 3107: 3103: 3075: 3001: 2983: 2972: 2930: 2900: 2886: 2855: 2827: 2824: 2816:World War II 2784: 2776: 2740: 2736: 2712: 2698: 2662: 2651:Capabilities 2638: 2620: 2602: 2563: 2547: 2545: 2513:Ground Force 2484:fighters in 2479: 2431: 2416: 2411:Bill Clinton 2407:Jo Myong-rok 2389: 2382: 2368: 2344: 2337: 2326: 2318: 2310: 2300: 2104: 2096: 2083:constitution 2072: 2048: 2036: 1986: 1970: 1955: 1946: 1935:Please help 1930:verification 1927: 1903: 1894: 1884: 1864:Organization 1855: 1842:people's war 1839: 1812: 1785: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1740:constabulary 1727:World War II 1724: 1676: 1650: 1577: 1504: 1500: 1498: 1403:Human rights 1329:Choe Son-hui 1300: 1294: 1289: 1283: 1278: 1272: 1267: 1261: 1256: 1247: 1241: 1231:Second-level 1229: 1212: 1102:Pak Jong-gun 1097:Vice Premier 1077: 1025: 978:Kang Yun-sok 912: 721: 686: 680: 675: 669: 663:Constitution 540:(historical) 538:Soviet Union 384:Conscription 361:Army General 339:Vice Marshal 320:Kang Sun-nam 317:Army General 291:Vice Marshal 264: 244: 201:Headquarters 93:Current form 25: 6348:Timor Leste 6303:Philippines 6243:South Korea 6238:North Korea 6138:Afghanistan 5827:KPA Journal 5688:8 September 5635:8 September 5509:3 September 5480:3 September 5175:15 November 5105:Shea, Dan. 4864:8 September 4834:8 September 4717:12 December 4685:8 September 4653:19 December 4467:2 September 4383:2 September 4187:2 September 3708:Global Asia 3675:19 November 3595:3 September 3360:12 November 3332:19 February 3300:21 November 3149:During the 3126:US Woodland 2993: [ 2779:Kim Jong Un 2567:T'oejo-dong 2554:Naval Force 2471:Vietnam War 2176:Sepo County 2075:Kim Jong Un 2063:Kim Jong Il 2004: [ 1989:Kim Jong Il 1974:Kim Il Sung 1858:Kim Il Sung 1835:Switzerland 1725:Just after 1687:Kim Tu-bong 1659: [ 1652:Kim Il Sung 1573:Kim Jong Un 1533:North Korea 1521:: 1511:: 1428:Enforcement 1366:Visa policy 1257:Third-level 1213:First-level 1127:Ju Chol-gyu 1117:Ri Song-hak 1090:Kim Tok-hun 1058:Kim Tok-hun 1038:Kim Jong Un 927:Pak In-chol 847:Ri Yong-gil 837:Kim Jong Un 814:Secretariat 800:Kim Tok-hun 795:Jo Yong-won 785:Kim Jong Un 743:Kim Jong Un 702:Kim Jong Il 697:Kim Il Sung 415:Expenditure 396:1,320,000 ( 342:Ri Yong-gil 294:Ri Yong-gil 262:Kim Jong Un 6469:Categories 6368:Uzbekistan 6338:Tajikistan 6253:Kyrgyzstan 6233:Kazakhstan 6158:Bangladesh 6148:Azerbaijan 6070:Biological 5704:. London: 5371:1 December 5359:(Report). 5205:22 October 4501:(Report). 4334:(1): 183. 4228:Asia Times 3641:3 February 3430:3 February 3397:24 October 3229:References 2870:Type 68A/B 2850:See also: 2705:Bureau 121 2645:Korean War 2421:named the 2327:Under the 1982:Choe Kwang 1895:ex officio 1804:Yalu River 1788:Korean War 1567:, and the 1413:Propaganda 1408:Kim family 1398:Censorship 1327:Minister: 575:Chosŏn'gŭl 398:ranked 5th 217:Leadership 103:1948-02-08 85:1932-04-25 6449:Hong Kong 6416:Palestine 6328:Sri Lanka 6323:Singapore 6203:Indonesia 5979:formerly 5902:Air Force 5706:Routledge 5343:148825894 5300:7 October 5246:252132124 4750:29 August 4415:26 August 4350:154785819 4213:17 August 4003:cite book 3941:2 October 3271:25 August 3249:IISS 2023 3234:Citations 2990:Ri Je-son 2812:submarine 2575:Pyongyang 2482:Hezbollah 2477:as well. 2205:XII Corps 2186:VII Corps 2144:III Corps 2051:Politburo 1731:25th Army 1667:army days 1296:Rodonjagu 1291:(village) 1218:Provinces 1142:Elections 1079:14th term 1033:President 1027:14th term 973:President 958:Judiciary 914:14th term 870:Chairman 833:Chairman 775:Presidium 765:Politburo 370:Personnel 210:Pyongyang 6396:Abkhazia 6343:Thailand 6298:Pakistan 6278:Mongolia 6273:Maldives 6268:Malaysia 6173:Cambodia 6075:Chemical 5831:Archived 5817:Archived 5626:Archived 5624:. 2009. 5583:Abingdon 5503:Archived 5474:Archived 5447:Archived 5416:Archived 5389:Archived 5294:Archived 5199:Archived 5169:Archived 5146:Archived 5115:Archived 5032:Archived 4981:14 March 4975:Archived 4950:Archived 4931:Archived 4912:Archived 4894:29 March 4888:Archived 4858:Archived 4854:Daily NK 4810:Archived 4779:Daily NK 4771:Archived 4744:Archived 4706:Daily NK 4679:Archived 4647:Archived 4613:Archived 4576:Archived 4558:Daily NK 4550:Archived 4527:Archived 4509:13 March 4461:Archived 4459:. 1993. 4409:Archived 4301:Archived 4275:Archived 4249:Archived 4207:Archived 4181:Archived 4144:Archived 4121:26 March 4026:Archived 3995:Archived 3951:cite web 3909:Archived 3876:Archived 3845:Archived 3818:Archived 3749:Archived 3713:Archived 3669:Archived 3664:Daily NK 3635:Archived 3589:Archived 3587:. 1993. 3555:Archived 3525:Archived 3424:Archived 3419:38 North 3391:Archived 3162:See also 3155:MultiCam 3100:Uniforms 3095:in 2012. 2988:has met 2820:Cold War 2793:, 8,500 2789:, 2,100 2548:de facto 2465:and the 2453:and the 2238:XI Corps 2214:Chongjin 2210:IX Corps 2158:IV Corps 2130:II Corps 1949:May 2023 1736:Red Army 1691:Mu Chong 1356:Passport 1250:(county) 997:Director 944:Chairman 921:Chairman 723:Congress 447:Industry 410:560,000+ 246:Chairman 6373:Vietnam 6263:Lebanon 6193:Georgia 6153:Bahrain 6143:Armenia 6080:Nuclear 6023:History 5521:Sources 5472:. CNN. 5453:11 June 5422:11 June 5038:24 June 4971:AP News 4806:Reuters 4643:Reuters 4307:11 June 4281:11 June 4255:11 June 4153:11 June 3915:25 June 3904:Reuters 3882:25 June 3824:11 June 3788:20 July 3777:NK News 3755:25 June 3719:25 June 3354:NK News 3110:Ushanka 2937:medium- 2862:Type 88 2846:Weapons 2803:MANPADS 2751:Il-76MD 2670:stealth 2242:Tokchon 2224:X Corps 2190:Hamhung 2172:V Corps 2116:I Corps 2024:Marshal 1978:O Jin-u 1909:History 1715:Yanbian 1642:fighter 1602:History 1176:Local: 1122:Pak Hun 1085:Premier 1073:Cabinet 277:Marshal 259:Marshal 101: ( 83: ( 75:Founded 6411:Taiwan 6353:Turkey 6313:Russia 6248:Kuwait 6228:Jordan 6218:Israel 6183:Cyprus 6168:Brunei 6163:Bhutan 5796: 5777: 5758: 5739: 5712: 5679: 5589: 5536: 5341: 5267: 5244: 5121:30 May 5090:30 May 4622:23 May 4348: 4072: 3987: 3217:Songun 3141:Kevlar 3128:, and 3077:Songun 2947:, and 2943:, and 2933:short- 2571:Nampho 2522:Koksan 2457:. 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