984:
937:
843:
549:
502:
455:
402:
310:
53:
796:
702:
655:
1112:
749:
890:
1154:
357:
1195:
608:
2084:
The two characters are both pronounced Lu but with different tones; to distinguish them in Roman script, one is usually kept as Lu and the other spelled differently. Luh is from
Cambridge History of China; Lou is from A.C. Moule's Rulers of China (1957). When one irregular spelling is used, the other
2061:
The Yongle
Emperor assumed the throne of his nephew, the Jianwen Emperor, who was officially said to have died in a palace fire but who was suspected of escaping to live as a recluse. The Yongle Emperor wiped out the record of his nephew's reign and no temple name was given him. In 1644, the Prince
2071:
After listening to the poor advice of his eunuch advisers, Emperor
Yingzong personally led a campaign in 1449 against the Mongols and was captured. His younger brother, the Jingtai Emperor assumed the throne and as a hostage no longer of any value, the Mongols released the Emperor Yingzong who
1385:, Prince of Han (1646–1663) and Zhu Changqing, Prince of Huai (1648–1661). If Zhu Benli existed, he would be the last legal emperor of Southern Ming from the execution (1662) of Zhu Youlang. However, Zhu Benli's identity and existence are disputed, and
2051:
As posthumous and temple names were often shared by emperors of different dynasties, they are usually preceded by the dynastic name, in this case, Ming, to avoid confusion. For example, the Hongwu
Emperor is frequently referred to as Ming
2085:
is kept as regular (Lu). The two systems are distinct and not used simultaneously. After the death of these princes, there is no temple name. The temple name appearing on the
Internet has no source
2483:
2072:
returned to live in seclusion. However, Emperor
Yingzong was able to regain his position upon the illness of Jingtai Emperor in 1457, choosing the reign name Tianshun.
2885:
1977:
2868:
269:
2905:
2017:
1970:
2632:
2447:
3112:
2514:
2479:
1401:
This is a list of individuals who did not reign as emperor during their lifetime but were later recognized as Ming emperors posthumously.
2764:
2917:
1960:
1964:
1962:
2218:
1968:
3063:
2970:
1965:
3262:
2958:
2806:
2567:
2463:
1967:
1966:
1969:
1961:
3008:
2435:
2431:
1974:
2678:
2572:
2423:
2094:
Not an actual era name, but used in place of an era name and served a similar function; Jianguo literally means "regency"
1963:
1975:
1973:
1972:
1971:
3277:
3272:
2975:
2062:
of Fu (福王), the new self-proclaimed emperor of the
Southern Ming, conferred on Emperor Jianwen the temple name Huizong.
2507:
2184:
2157:
2132:
3282:
3143:
2427:
2419:
1959:
1956:
983:
3267:
2698:
2607:
1958:
2658:
3190:
2912:
2459:
1957:
1393:
carried out his duties in the
Kingdom of Tungning in the name of the last Southern Ming emperor until 1683.
3170:
2948:
2816:
2786:
2500:
3180:
3165:
2900:
2532:
2211:
2991:
2713:
2612:
2749:
3160:
2996:
2922:
2693:
2683:
2124:
3223:
3102:
3001:
2688:
2602:
2411:
2278:
2268:
2027:
555:
3185:
3133:
3042:
2708:
2562:
2403:
936:
842:
548:
501:
454:
401:
309:
3070:
3018:
2826:
2718:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2455:
2451:
2443:
2407:
2204:
2032:
2174:
3175:
3153:
3138:
2779:
2759:
2637:
2597:
2587:
2439:
2415:
2399:
2116:
3206:
2774:
2673:
2552:
52:
8:
3056:
2895:
2838:
2791:
2723:
2577:
220:
2627:
2668:
2622:
2582:
2022:
795:
701:
654:
252:
spanning 276 years. Following the collapse of the Ming dynasty in 1644, members of the
233:
2801:
2880:
2617:
2557:
2324:
2180:
2153:
2128:
1032:
134:
3049:
2858:
2821:
2811:
2796:
2769:
2754:
2592:
2314:
2304:
2284:
1098:
943:
849:
661:
291:
89:
256:
continued to rule parts of southern China until 1662; this regime is known as the
3240:
3092:
3035:
2953:
2728:
2703:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2273:
2248:
1412:
802:
755:
708:
614:
363:
296:
3216:
3211:
3087:
2319:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2243:
2196:
990:
508:
461:
408:
316:
200:
103:
62:
1111:
748:
3256:
3097:
2890:
2833:
2381:
2354:
2341:
2309:
2004:
1907:
1352:
1164:
896:
257:
237:
117:
2873:
2523:
2235:
1992:
1683:
253:
249:
245:
241:
229:
107:
2932:
3128:
2663:
2376:
2349:
1640:
1548:
1417:
1386:
1311:
1118:
1103:
301:
191:
140:
113:
1389:
is generally taken to be the last emperor of
Southern Ming. Ming prince
3107:
2963:
2360:
1868:
1390:
1201:
2492:
3148:
2387:
2371:
2365:
1382:
1278:
1242:
1589:
1396:
356:
204:
195:
1153:
889:
2121:
Disorder Under Heaven: Collective
Violence in the Ming Dynasty
1955:
3013:
244:
and falling amidst much political turmoil to the short-lived
2927:
1763:
Great-great-grandfather of the Longwu and Shaowu emperors
1194:
607:
1796:
Great-grandfather of the Longwu and Shaowu emperors
2018:List of vassal prince peerages of the Ming dynasty
3254:
2226:
1397:Individuals posthumously recognized as emperors
236:that existed from 1368 to 1644, succeeding the
2172:
1829:Grandfather of the Longwu and Shaowu emperors
1464:Great-great-grandfather of the Hongwu Emperor
3113:Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties
2508:
2212:
1934:
1925:
1912:
1899:Crown Prince who never acceded to the throne.
1886:
1873:
1849:
1838:
1816:
1805:
1783:
1772:
1750:
1739:
1720:
1711:
1701:
1688:
1667:
1658:
1645:
1630:Crown Prince who never acceded to the throne.
1616:
1607:
1594:
1573:
1564:
1553:
1532:
1523:
1512:
1493:
1484:
1473:
1454:
1445:
1434:
209:Varies according to the Southern Ming regimes
30:
248:. Sixteen emperors ruled over the whole of
2515:
2501:
2219:
2205:
1862:Father of the Longwu and Shaowu emperors
2117:"Ming Dynasty Emperors and Reign Period"
1503:Great-grandfather of the Hongwu Emperor
2522:
2147:
3255:
3064:Collected Statutes of the Ming Dynasty
2496:
2200:
2114:
2080:
2078:
13:
1542:Grandfather of the Hongwu Emperor
14:
3294:
2075:
370:(5 December 1377 – 13 July 1402)
1730:Father of the Hongguang Emperor
1193:
1152:
1110:
1072:
982:
935:
888:
841:
794:
747:
700:
653:
606:
547:
500:
453:
400:
355:
308:
51:
2699:Japanese missions to Ming China
2176:Encyclopedia of Chinese History
1634:Father of the Jianwen Emperor.
2573:Campaign against the Uriankhai
2166:
2141:
2108:
2088:
2065:
2055:
2045:
1901:Son of the Chongzhen Emperor.
1677:Father of the Jiajing Emperor
1381:Other Ming claimants included
67:23 January 1368 – 24 June 1398
1:
2633:Campaigns against the Mongols
2448:5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms
2101:
1944:Father of the Yongli Emperor
1583:Father of the Hongwu Emperor
3263:Emperors of the Ming dynasty
3171:Covered jar with carp design
2787:Transition from Ming to Qing
2228:Emperors of the Ming dynasty
2173:Michael Dillon, ed. (2016).
2150:The Southern Ming, 1644–1662
7:
3166:Ming presentation porcelain
2765:Japanese invasions of Korea
2011:
1950:
263:
10:
3299:
3028:Compilations and Documents
2659:Luchuan–Pingmian campaigns
2179:. Routledge. p. 645.
1632:Son of the Hongwu Emperor.
267:
3278:Lists of leaders of China
3273:Lists of Chinese monarchs
3232:
3199:
3161:Chinese lacquerware table
3121:
3080:
3027:
2984:
2941:
2923:Embroidered Uniform Guard
2851:
2737:
2684:Prince of Anhua rebellion
2646:
2540:
2531:
2397:
2340:
2331:
2234:
2152:. Yale University Press.
2125:Stanford University Press
1935:
1926:
1913:
1887:
1874:
1850:
1839:
1817:
1806:
1784:
1773:
1751:
1740:
1721:
1712:
1702:
1689:
1668:
1659:
1646:
1617:
1608:
1595:
1574:
1565:
1554:
1533:
1524:
1513:
1494:
1485:
1474:
1455:
1446:
1435:
1424:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1285:(1605 – 20 January 1647)
1102:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1082:
1079:
586:
581:
571:
553:
546:
300:
295:
290:
287:
284:
279:
276:
270:Ming emperors family tree
216:
184:
167:
150:
127:
96:
85:
80:
76:
72:
50:
46:
39:
31:
28:
20:
3224:Great Ming Treasure Note
3103:Ming Ancestors Mausoleum
2886:Administrative divisions
2689:Prince of Ning rebellion
2148:Lynn A., Struve (1984).
2038:
2028:List of Chinese monarchs
3283:Lists of Chinese people
3043:The Hundred-word Eulogy
2709:Great Rites Controversy
2563:Ming conquest of Yunnan
3268:Southern Ming emperors
3081:Palaces and Mausoleums
3071:Ming Veritable Records
2719:Luso-Chinese agreement
1811:(? – 24 January 1630)
3176:Yongning Temple Stele
2913:Imperial Commissioner
2638:Reign of Ren and Xuan
2598:Ming treasure voyages
2588:Dao Ganmeng rebellion
1172:(1608 – 23 May 1646)
2775:Sino-Dutch conflicts
2674:Rebellion of Cao Qin
2603:Ming–Turpan conflict
2553:Red Turban Rebellion
2115:Tong, James (1992).
2033:Southern Ming topics
1422:Year of recognition
1257:March or April 1653
809:(16 September 1507 –
621:(21 September 1428 –
254:Ming imperial family
177:1662 (Southern Ming)
160:1644 (Southern Ming)
90:His Imperial Majesty
3122:Society and Culture
3057:Yongle Encyclopedia
2896:Imperial Clan Court
2839:Kingdom of Tungning
2792:Jurchen unification
2724:Jiajing wokou raids
2613:Battle of Palembang
2578:Battle of Buir Lake
1879:(26 February 1629 –
1694:(22 February 1586 –
1125:(5 September 1607 –
999:30 September 1627)
997:(23 December 1605 –
952:26 September 1620)
903:(4 September 1563 –
720:22 September 1487 –
626:22 September 1449 –
562:(29 November 1427 –
260:in historiography.
174:1644 (Ming dynasty)
157:1368 (Ming dynasty)
2971:Military conquests
2817:Peasant rebellions
2694:Capture of Malacca
2669:Defense of Beijing
2583:Lin Kuan rebellion
2023:Dynasties of China
1920:21 December 1645)
1600:(10 October 1355 –
1323:24 December 1646 –
1318:(1 November 1623 –
1288:11 December 1646 –
1255:7 September 1645 –
1252:23 December 1662)
1039:(6 February 1611 –
1004:30 September 1627
957:26 September 1620
762:(27 October 1491 –
673:28 February 1464 –
670:9 September 1487)
668:(9 December 1447 –
594:11 February 1457 –
569:22 September 1449
564:23 February 1464)
473:7 September 1424 –
323:(21 October 1328 –
97:First monarch
3250:
3249:
2959:Gunpowder weapons
2918:Grand coordinator
2881:Grand Secretariat
2847:
2846:
2741:(1572–1683)
2650:(1435–1572)
2618:Battle of Kherlen
2568:Ming–Mong Mao War
2558:Wu Mian rebellion
2544:(1368–1435)
2490:
2489:
1948:
1947:
1379:
1378:
1119:Hongguang Emperor
1070:
1069:
1033:Chongzhen Emperor
950:(28 August 1582 –
861:4 February 1567 –
811:23 January 1567)
675:9 September 1487
628:24 February 1457
596:23 February 1464
567:7 February 1435 –
517:31 January 1435)
468:(16 August 1378 –
328:23 January 1368 –
226:
225:
135:Chongzhen Emperor
128:Last monarch
114:Hongguang Emperor
3290:
3050:Huang-Ming Zuxun
2822:Jiashen Incident
2812:She-An Rebellion
2797:Seven Grievances
2770:Donglin movement
2755:Bozhou rebellion
2742:
2651:
2628:Lam Sơn uprising
2608:Ming–Đại Ngu War
2593:Jingnan campaign
2545:
2538:
2537:
2517:
2510:
2503:
2494:
2493:
2366:Prince of Lu (魯)
2355:Prince of Lu (潞)
2335:
2221:
2214:
2207:
2198:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2145:
2139:
2138:
2112:
2095:
2092:
2086:
2082:
2073:
2069:
2063:
2059:
2053:
2049:
2002:
2001:
1990:
1989:
1938:
1937:
1929:
1928:
1918:(25 April 1597 –
1916:
1915:
1890:
1889:
1877:
1876:
1853:
1852:
1842:
1841:
1820:
1819:
1809:
1808:
1787:
1786:
1776:
1775:
1754:
1753:
1743:
1742:
1724:
1723:
1715:
1714:
1705:
1704:
1692:
1691:
1671:
1670:
1662:
1661:
1649:
1648:
1620:
1619:
1611:
1610:
1605:Emperor Xiàokāng
1598:
1597:
1577:
1576:
1568:
1567:
1557:
1556:
1536:
1535:
1527:
1526:
1516:
1515:
1497:
1496:
1488:
1487:
1477:
1476:
1458:
1457:
1449:
1448:
1438:
1437:
1404:
1403:
1349:
1290:20 January 1647
1239:
1213:18 August 1645 –
1210:6 October 1646)
1197:
1161:
1156:
1114:
1085:
1077:
1076:
1044:2 October 1627 –
1002:1 October 1620 –
986:
944:Taichang Emperor
939:
905:18 August 1620)
892:
850:Longqing Emperor
845:
816:23 January 1567
798:
751:
704:
662:Chenghua Emperor
657:
610:
556:Emperor Yingzong
551:
522:31 January 1435
515:(16 March 1399 –
504:
457:
417:12 August 1424)
404:
359:
312:
274:
273:
234:dynasty of China
55:
35:
34:
33:
24:
18:
17:
3298:
3297:
3293:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3253:
3252:
3251:
3246:
3241:History of Ming
3228:
3195:
3117:
3093:Chaotian Palace
3076:
3036:History of Yuan
3023:
2980:
2937:
2843:
2743:
2740:
2733:
2729:Single whip law
2704:Ningbo incident
2679:Miao rebellions
2652:
2649:
2642:
2546:
2543:
2527:
2521:
2491:
2486:
2393:
2336:
2333:
2329:
2230:
2225:
2195:
2194:
2187:
2171:
2167:
2160:
2146:
2142:
2135:
2113:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2098:
2093:
2089:
2083:
2076:
2070:
2066:
2060:
2056:
2050:
2046:
2041:
2014:
1999:
1998:
1987:
1986:
1978:
1976:
1953:
1933:
1924:
1919:
1917:
1911:
1900:
1885:
1880:
1878:
1872:
1848:
1843:
1837:
1815:
1810:
1804:
1782:
1777:
1771:
1749:
1744:
1738:
1719:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1700:
1695:
1693:
1687:
1666:
1657:
1652:
1651:(22 July 1476 –
1650:
1644:
1633:
1631:
1626:
1624:
1615:
1606:
1601:
1599:
1593:
1572:
1563:
1558:
1552:
1531:
1522:
1517:
1511:
1492:
1483:
1478:
1472:
1453:
1444:
1439:
1433:
1413:Posthumous name
1408:
1399:
1371:
1366:
1358:
1356:
1350:
1347:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1282:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1240:
1237:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1215:6 October 1646
1214:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1169:
1162:
1159:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1075:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1041:25 April 1644)
1040:
1038:
1036:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
996:
994:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
949:
947:
929:
924:
919:
914:
910:18 August 1620
909:
904:
902:
900:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
856:(4 March 1537 –
855:
853:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
808:
806:
803:Jiajing Emperor
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
764:20 April 1521)
763:
761:
759:
756:Zhengde Emperor
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
715:(30 July 1470 –
714:
712:
709:Hongzhi Emperor
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
667:
665:
647:
642:
637:
632:
627:
623:14 March 1457)
622:
620:
618:
615:Jingtai Emperor
600:
595:
588:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
561:
559:
541:
536:
531:
526:
521:
516:
514:
512:
494:
489:
484:
479:
474:
469:
467:
465:
447:
445:
443:
441:
436:
431:
426:
422:12 August 1424
421:
416:
414:
412:
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
367:
364:Jianwen Emperor
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
322:
320:
297:Posthumous name
281:
272:
266:
212:
180:
163:
146:
143:(Southern Ming)
123:
68:
66:
60:
42:
29:
22:
12:
11:
5:
3296:
3286:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3244:
3236:
3234:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3226:
3221:
3220:
3219:
3217:Yongle Tongbao
3214:
3212:Hongwu Tongbao
3203:
3201:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3157:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3136:
3131:
3125:
3123:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3088:Forbidden City
3084:
3082:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3074:
3067:
3060:
3053:
3046:
3039:
3031:
3029:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3005:
3004:
2999:
2988:
2986:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2978:
2976:Nine Garrisons
2973:
2968:
2967:
2966:
2956:
2951:
2945:
2943:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2909:
2908:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2877:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2855:
2853:
2849:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2830:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2784:
2783:
2782:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2760:Ordos campaign
2757:
2752:
2746:
2744:
2739:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2655:
2653:
2648:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2623:Ming–Kotte War
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2549:
2547:
2542:
2535:
2529:
2528:
2520:
2519:
2512:
2505:
2497:
2488:
2487:
2398:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2391:
2385:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2363:
2358:
2352:
2346:
2344:
2338:
2337:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2240:
2238:
2232:
2231:
2224:
2223:
2216:
2209:
2201:
2193:
2192:
2185:
2165:
2158:
2140:
2133:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2087:
2074:
2064:
2054:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2008:
1996:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1930:
1921:
1903:
1902:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1882:
1864:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1845:
1831:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1812:
1798:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1779:
1765:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1746:
1732:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1716:
1697:
1696:2 March 1641)
1679:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1663:
1654:
1653:13 July 1519)
1636:
1635:
1628:
1621:
1612:
1603:
1585:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1569:
1560:
1544:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1528:
1519:
1505:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1489:
1480:
1466:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1450:
1441:
1427:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1409:(birth–death)
1398:
1395:
1377:
1376:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1360:
1353:Prince of Huai
1345:
1342:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1312:Yongli Emperor
1308:
1305:
1304:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1279:Shaowu Emperor
1275:
1272:
1271:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1250:(6 July 1618 –
1235:
1232:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1208:(25 May 1602 –
1202:Longwu Emperor
1198:
1190:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1157:
1149:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1130:19 June 1644 –
1128:
1115:
1107:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1095:Personal name
1093:
1090:
1089:(birth–death)
1081:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1046:25 April 1644
1042:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
991:Tianqi Emperor
987:
979:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
940:
932:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
908:19 July 1572 –
906:
893:
885:
884:
879:
876:Emperor Zhuāng
874:
869:
864:
859:
846:
838:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
799:
791:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
769:20 April 1521
767:19 June 1505 –
765:
752:
744:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
718:
705:
697:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
658:
650:
649:
644:
639:
634:
629:
624:
611:
603:
602:
597:
591:
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
552:
544:
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
520:27 June 1425 –
518:
509:Xuande Emperor
505:
497:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
471:
462:Hongxi Emperor
458:
450:
449:
438:
433:
428:
423:
420:17 July 1402 –
418:
409:Yongle Emperor
405:
397:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
373:30 June 1398 –
371:
360:
352:
351:
346:
341:
336:
331:
326:
325:24 June 1398)
317:Hongwu Emperor
313:
305:
304:
299:
294:
289:
288:Personal name
286:
283:
282:(birth–death)
278:
265:
262:
224:
223:
218:
214:
213:
211:
210:
207:
201:Forbidden City
198:
188:
186:
182:
181:
179:
178:
175:
171:
169:
165:
164:
162:
161:
158:
154:
152:
148:
147:
145:
144:
141:Yongli Emperor
138:
137:(Ming dynasty)
131:
129:
125:
124:
122:
121:
111:
104:Hongwu Emperor
100:
98:
94:
93:
87:
83:
82:
78:
77:
74:
73:
70:
69:
63:Hongwu Emperor
58:First to reign
56:
48:
47:
44:
43:
40:
37:
36:
26:
25:
23:the Great Ming
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3295:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3243:
3242:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3231:
3225:
3222:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3198:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3124:
3120:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3098:Ming Xiaoling
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3079:
3073:
3072:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3061:
3059:
3058:
3054:
3052:
3051:
3047:
3045:
3044:
3040:
3038:
3037:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3026:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2983:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2965:
2962:
2961:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2940:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2907:
2906:Vassal prince
2904:
2903:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2891:Eastern Depot
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2861:
2860:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2850:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2834:Southern Ming
2832:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2789:
2788:
2785:
2781:
2778:
2777:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2736:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2645:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2550:
2548:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2530:
2525:
2518:
2513:
2511:
2506:
2504:
2499:
2498:
2495:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2396:
2389:
2386:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2342:Southern Ming
2339:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:(Restoration)
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2222:
2217:
2215:
2210:
2208:
2203:
2202:
2199:
2188:
2186:9781317817161
2182:
2178:
2177:
2169:
2161:
2159:9780300030570
2155:
2151:
2144:
2136:
2134:9780804766760
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2111:
2107:
2091:
2081:
2079:
2068:
2058:
2048:
2044:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2006:
2005:Southern Ming
1997:
1994:
1985:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1943:
1940:
1931:
1922:
1910:
1909:
1908:Zhū Chángyíng
1905:
1904:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1883:
1871:
1870:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1858:
1855:
1846:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1813:
1803:
1802:Zhū Shuòhuáng
1800:
1799:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1780:
1770:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1747:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1729:
1726:
1717:
1698:
1686:
1685:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1673:
1664:
1655:
1643:
1642:
1638:
1637:
1629:
1622:
1613:
1604:
1602:17 May 1392)
1592:
1591:
1587:
1586:
1582:
1579:
1570:
1561:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1545:
1541:
1538:
1529:
1520:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1499:
1490:
1481:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1463:
1460:
1451:
1442:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1419:
1414:
1407:Personal name
1405:
1402:
1394:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1374:
1369:
1365:Zhū Chángqīng
1364:
1361:
1355:
1354:
1346:
1344:
1343:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1320:1 June 1662)
1314:
1313:
1309:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1281:
1280:
1276:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1246:
1244:
1236:
1234:
1233:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1196:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1184:
1180:Zhū Chángfāng
1179:
1174:
1168:
1166:
1158:
1155:
1151:
1150:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1132:15 June 1645
1129:
1127:23 May 1646)
1121:
1120:
1116:
1113:
1109:
1108:
1105:
1100:
1078:
1073:Southern Ming
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1028:
1027:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
993:
992:
988:
985:
981:
980:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
946:
945:
941:
938:
934:
933:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
899:
898:
897:Wanli Emperor
894:
891:
887:
886:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
858:5 July 1572)
852:
851:
847:
844:
840:
839:
833:
828:
823:
818:
814:27 May 1521 –
813:
805:
804:
800:
797:
793:
792:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
758:
757:
753:
750:
746:
745:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
717:9 June 1505)
711:
710:
706:
703:
699:
698:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
664:
663:
659:
656:
652:
651:
645:
640:
635:
630:
625:
617:
616:
612:
609:
605:
604:
598:
593:
592:
576:
566:
558:
557:
550:
545:
539:
535:Emperor Zhāng
534:
529:
524:
519:
511:
510:
506:
503:
499:
498:
492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
470:29 May 1425)
464:
463:
459:
456:
452:
451:
439:
434:
429:
424:
419:
415:(2 May 1360 –
411:
410:
406:
403:
399:
398:
392:
387:
382:
377:
375:13 July 1402
372:
366:
365:
361:
358:
354:
353:
347:
342:
337:
333:Zhū Yuánzhāng
332:
330:24 June 1398
327:
319:
318:
314:
311:
307:
306:
303:
298:
293:
275:
271:
261:
259:
258:Southern Ming
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
222:
219:
215:
208:
206:
202:
199:
197:
193:
190:
189:
187:
183:
176:
173:
172:
170:
166:
159:
156:
155:
153:
149:
142:
139:
136:
133:
132:
130:
126:
119:
118:Southern Ming
115:
112:
109:
105:
102:
101:
99:
95:
91:
88:
84:
79:
75:
71:
65:
64:
59:
54:
49:
45:
38:
27:
19:
16:
3239:
3233:Other topics
3144:Four Masters
3069:
3062:
3055:
3048:
3041:
3034:
2874:House of Zhu
2863:
2827:Shanhai Pass
2807:Great Plague
2750:Jianzhou war
2524:Ming dynasty
2436:N. Dynasties
2432:S. Dynasties
2227:
2175:
2168:
2149:
2143:
2120:
2110:
2090:
2067:
2057:
2047:
1980:
1979:
1923:Emperor Duān
1906:
1867:
1847:Emperor Xuān
1834:
1814:Emperor Duān
1801:
1781:Emperor Shùn
1778:(1538–1564)
1769:Zhū Zhòuyǒng
1768:
1745:(1490–1560)
1735:
1709:Emperor Xiào
1699:Emperor Gōng
1684:Zhū Chángxún
1682:
1656:Emperor Xiàn
1639:
1588:
1562:Emperor Chún
1559:(1281–1344)
1547:
1508:
1482:Emperor Héng
1469:
1443:Emperor Xuán
1430:
1400:
1380:
1351:
1325:1 June 1662
1310:
1277:
1243:Prince of Lu
1241:
1200:
1177:6 July 1645
1165:Prince of Lu
1163:
1117:
1031:
989:
970:Emperor Zhēn
960:Zhū Chángluò
942:
923:Emperor Xiǎn
895:
863:5 July 1572
848:
801:
754:
735:Emperor Jìng
725:Zhū Yòuchēng
722:8 June 1505
707:
688:Emperor Chún
678:Zhū Jiànshēn
660:
641:Emperor Jǐng
613:
554:
507:
488:Emperor Zhāo
475:29 May 1425
460:
407:
388:Emperor Ràng
362:
315:
250:China proper
246:Shun dynasty
242:Yuan dynasty
230:Ming dynasty
227:
108:Ming dynasty
92:(陛下, 皇上, 萬歲)
61:
57:
15:
3186:Tai history
2869:Family tree
2780:Liaoluo Bay
2714:Renyin plot
2664:Tumu Crisis
2428:16 Kingdoms
1884:Emperor Dào
1881:June 1644)
1835:Zhū Qìshèng
1748:Emperor Huì
1641:Zhū Yòuyuán
1549:Zhū Shìzhēn
1418:Temple name
1387:Zhu Youlang
1328:Zhū Yóuláng
1135:Zhū Yóusōng
1104:Temple name
1059:Emperor Liè
1049:Zhū Yóujiǎn
1017:Emperor Zhé
1007:Zhū Yóujiào
955:28 August –
819:Zhū Hòucōng
772:Zhū Hòuzhào
582:Emperor Ruì
435:Emperor Wén
343:Emperor Gāo
302:Temple name
192:Ming Palace
21:Emperor of
3257:Categories
3154:Zhe School
3108:Ming tombs
2992:Inner Asia
2964:Shenjiying
2954:Great Wall
2852:Government
2420:3 Kingdoms
2390:(doubtful)
2102:References
1869:Zhū Cílǎng
1521:Emperor Yù
1431:Zhū Bǎiliù
1391:Zhu Shugui
1218:Zhū Yùjiàn
829:Emperor Sù
782:Emperor Yì
572:Zhū Qízhèn
525:Zhū Zhānjī
478:Zhū Gāochì
378:Zhū Yǔnwén
268:See also:
221:Hereditary
3149:Wu School
3134:Musicians
2997:Manchuria
2985:Frontiers
2350:Hongguang
2325:Chongzhen
1844:(?–1629)
1736:Zhū Yǔwēn
1509:Zhū Chūyī
1470:Zhū Sìjiǔ
1383:Zhu Benli
1359:(?–1649)
1293:Zhū Yùyuè
1260:Zhū Yǐhǎi
1140:Hóngguāng
1080:Portrait
1054:Chóngzhēn
975:Guāngzōng
913:Zhū Yìjūn
866:Zhū Zǎijì
577:Zhèngtǒng
277:Portrait
217:Appointer
185:Residence
168:Abolition
151:Formation
3200:Currency
3139:Painting
2949:Military
2942:Military
2384:(regent)
2368:(regent)
2357:(regent)
2315:Taichang
2305:Longqing
2285:Chenghua
2279:Yingzong
2269:Yingzong
2012:See also
2007:emperors
2003:denotes
1995:emperors
1991:denotes
1951:Timeline
1718:Gōngzōng
1614:Xīngzōng
1590:Zhū Biāo
1338:Zhāozōng
1228:Shàozōng
1175:1 July –
1099:Era name
965:Tàichāng
928:Shénzōng
871:Lóngqìng
740:Xiàozōng
693:Xiànzōng
683:Chénghuà
631:Zhū Qíyù
599:Tiānshùn
587:Yīngzōng
540:Xuānzōng
292:Era name
264:Emperors
41:Imperial
3207:Coinage
3181:Economy
3009:Vietnam
2901:Princes
2859:Emperor
2647:Middle
2533:History
2300:Jiajing
2295:Zhengde
2290:Hongzhi
2274:Jingtai
2249:Jianwen
1981:Legend:
1665:Ruìzōng
1265:Jiānguó
1087:Monarch
834:Shìzōng
824:Jiājìng
777:Zhèngdé
730:Hóngzhì
646:Dàizōng
636:Jǐngtài
493:Rénzōng
446:Chéngzǔ
440:Tàizōng
393:Huìzōng
383:Jiànwén
280:Emperor
205:Beijing
196:Nanjing
81:Details
3129:Poetry
3019:Yunnan
2541:Early
2526:topics
2460:W. Xia
2388:Dingwu
2382:Dongwu
2377:Yongli
2372:Shaowu
2361:Longwu
2320:Tianqi
2264:Xuande
2259:Hongxi
2254:Yongle
2244:Hongwu
2183:
2156:
2131:
2052:Taizu.
1988:Orange
1932:Lǐzōng
1518:(?–?)
1479:(?–?)
1440:(?–?)
1425:Notes
1370:Dōngwǔ
1348:Regent
1333:Yǒnglì
1298:Shàowǔ
1238:Regent
1223:Lóngwǔ
1160:Regent
1145:Ānzōng
1092:Reign
1064:Sīzōng
1022:Xīzōng
1012:Tiānqǐ
881:Mùzōng
787:Wǔzōng
530:Xuāndé
483:Hóngxī
430:Yǒnglè
425:Zhū Dì
338:Hóngwǔ
285:Reign
238:Mongol
232:was a
3191:Islam
3014:Wokou
3002:Tibet
2933:Fotou
2802:Sarhū
2738:Late
2404:Shang
2310:Wanli
2039:Notes
1941:1646
1896:1646
1859:1645
1826:1645
1793:1645
1760:1645
1727:1644
1674:1538
1627:1645
1580:1368
1571:Rénzǔ
1539:1368
1500:1368
1461:1368
1362:1648
1245:(Lou)
1167:(Luh)
1084:Title
918:Wànlì
348:Tàizǔ
240:-led
86:Style
2928:Tusi
2864:List
2476:Qing
2472:Ming
2468:Yuan
2456:Song
2452:Liao
2444:Tang
2408:Zhou
2236:Ming
2181:ISBN
2154:ISBN
2129:ISBN
2000:Cyan
1993:Ming
1623:1398
1609:孝康皇帝
1530:Xīzǔ
1491:Yìzǔ
1452:Dézǔ
1367:朱常清
1330:朱由榔
1295:朱聿鐭
1262:朱以海
1220:朱聿鍵
1182:朱常淓
1137:朱由崧
1061:烈皇帝
1051:朱由檢
1019:悊皇帝
1009:朱由校
972:貞皇帝
962:朱常洛
925:顯皇帝
915:朱翊鈞
878:莊皇帝
868:朱載坖
831:肅皇帝
821:朱厚熜
784:毅皇帝
774:朱厚㷖
737:敬皇帝
727:朱祐樘
690:純皇帝
680:朱見深
643:景皇帝
633:朱祁鈺
584:睿皇帝
574:朱祁鎮
537:章皇帝
527:朱瞻基
490:昭皇帝
480:朱高熾
437:文皇帝
390:讓皇帝
380:朱允炆
345:高皇帝
335:朱元璋
228:The
32:大明皇帝
2484:PRC
2480:ROC
2464:Jīn
2440:Sui
2424:Jìn
2416:Han
2412:Qin
2400:Xia
1927:端皇帝
1914:朱常瀛
1888:悼皇帝
1875:朱慈烺
1851:宣皇帝
1840:朱器墭
1818:端皇帝
1807:朱碩熿
1785:順皇帝
1774:朱宙栐
1752:惠皇帝
1741:朱宇溫
1713:孝皇帝
1707:and
1703:恭皇帝
1690:朱常洵
1660:獻皇帝
1647:朱祐杬
1625:and
1566:淳皇帝
1555:朱世珍
1525:裕皇帝
1514:朱初一
1486:恆皇帝
1475:朱四九
1447:玄皇帝
1436:朱百六
1372:東武
1340:昭宗
1335:永曆
1316:永曆帝
1300:紹武
1283:紹武帝
1267:監國
1230:紹宗
1225:隆武
1206:隆武帝
1147:安宗
1142:弘光
1123:弘光帝
1066:思宗
1056:崇禎
1037:崇禎帝
1024:熹宗
1014:天啟
995:天啓帝
977:光宗
967:泰昌
948:泰昌帝
930:神宗
920:萬曆
901:萬曆帝
883:穆宗
873:隆慶
854:隆慶帝
836:世宗
826:嘉靖
807:嘉靖帝
789:武宗
779:正德
760:正德帝
742:孝宗
732:弘治
713:弘治帝
695:憲宗
685:成化
666:成化帝
648:代宗
638:景泰
619:景泰帝
601:天順
589:英宗
579:正統
542:宣宗
532:宣德
513:宣德帝
495:仁宗
485:洪熙
466:洪熙帝
448:成祖
444:and
432:永樂
427:朱棣
413:永樂帝
395:惠宗
385:建文
368:建文帝
350:太祖
340:洪武
321:洪武帝
3259::
2482:/
2478:→
2474:→
2470:→
2466:→
2462:/
2458:/
2454:/
2450:→
2446:→
2442:→
2438:→
2434:/
2430:→
2426:/
2422:→
2418:→
2414:→
2410:→
2406:→
2402:→
2127:.
2123:.
2119:.
2077:^
1936:禮宗
1893:–
1856:–
1823:–
1790:–
1757:–
1722:恭宗
1669:睿宗
1618:興宗
1596:朱標
1575:仁祖
1534:熙祖
1495:懿祖
1456:德祖
1375:–
1357:淮王
1303:–
1270:–
1248:魯王
1188:–
1185:–
1170:潞王
560:英宗
442:太宗
203:,
194:,
2516:e
2509:t
2502:v
2334:明
2220:e
2213:t
2206:v
2189:.
2162:.
2137:.
120:)
116:(
110:)
106:(
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