87:
3026:
79:
227:, an act of Congress that violates the Constitution may be declared unconstitutional by the courts. A judicial declaration that an act of Congress is unconstitutional does not remove the act from the Statutes at Large or the United States Code; rather, it prevents the act from being enforced. However, the act as published in annotated codes and legal databases is marked with annotations indicating that it is no longer good law.
102:, relating to specific institutions or individuals. Since 1957, all Acts of Congress have been designated as "Public Law XβY" or "Private Law XβY", where X is the number of the Congress and Y refers to the sequential order of the bill (when it was enacted). For example, P. L. 111β5 (
192:, if the president does not return a bill or resolution to Congress with objections before the time limit expires, then the bill automatically becomes an act; however, if the Congress is adjourned at the end of this period, then the bill dies and cannot be reconsidered (see
2272:
804:
814:
799:
1206:
144:
The term "act of
Congress" is sometimes used in informal speech to indicate something for which getting permission is burdensome. For example, "It takes an act of Congress to get a building permit in this town."
133:. The capitalization of the word "act" (especially when used standing alone to refer to an act mentioned earlier by its full name) is deprecated by some dictionaries and usage authorities. However, the
2277:
2375:
1859:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1384:
794:
185:
The president promulgates acts of
Congress made by the first two methods. If an act is made by the third method, the presiding officer of the house that last reconsidered the act promulgates it.
2009:
1201:
199:
Promulgation in the sense of publishing and proclaiming the law is accomplished by the president, or the relevant presiding officer in the case of an overridden veto, delivering the act to the
1417:
772:
673:
789:
2684:
1223:
678:
1424:
1394:
688:
1896:
1389:
1298:
196:). If the president rejects a bill or resolution while the Congress is in session, a two-thirds vote of both houses of Congress is needed for reconsideration to be successful.
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2432:
1434:
1086:
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1612:
741:
2427:
1218:
1093:
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809:
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1931:
2422:
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2004:
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2400:
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965:
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935:
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777:
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2370:
1332:
1252:
1189:
875:
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855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
683:
3068:
1999:
1726:
1081:
60:, be left unsigned for ten days (excluding Sundays) while Congress remains in session, or, if vetoed by the president, receive a congressional override from
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2053:
1941:
1926:
1669:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1240:
2380:
1337:
1288:
756:
731:
3304:
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2405:
1972:
1268:
784:
1053:
2026:
1549:
1009:
2705:
1901:
1063:
1041:
583:
1184:
1179:
459:
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2021:
1511:
1058:
693:
352:
103:
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1819:
1473:
1128:
3181:
2354:
1607:
1429:
1002:
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2349:
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1946:
1664:
1617:
1211:
613:
3085:
2515:
2213:
1854:
1293:
528:'Little and Brown's' edition of laws and treaties; slip laws; Treaties and Other International Acts Series; admissibility in evidence".
17:
3145:
2982:
1654:
1580:
1133:
1021:
746:
241:
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2169:
1951:
1506:
1501:
1316:
751:
247:
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3176:
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2060:
1936:
1829:
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603:
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1987:
1879:
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1639:
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2635:
2324:
576:
224:
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3034:
2898:
2525:
2329:
2241:
2193:
2016:
1911:
1587:
997:
386:
314:
3053:
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1528:
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3206:
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1233:
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517:
501:
485:
1036:
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3171:
2831:
2806:
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2344:
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1977:
721:
338:
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3130:
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2990:
2826:
2563:
2552:
2505:
2218:
1098:
633:
569:
208:
168:
Inaction by the president after ten days from reception (excluding
Sundays) while the Congress is in session, or
56:
to become an act, the text must pass through both houses with a majority, then be either signed into law by the
3075:
2790:
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2468:
2456:
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162:
57:
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2181:
1802:
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619:
107:
1031:
3211:
3100:
2776:
2601:
2485:
2198:
1523:
1245:
1108:
130:
3201:
2821:
2606:
1533:
1194:
189:
3273:
3135:
2883:
2596:
2500:
451:
171:
Reconsideration by the
Congress after a presidential veto during its session. (A bill must receive a
360:
3228:
2969:
2739:
2176:
1026:
283:
49:
45:
3283:
3090:
2726:
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86:
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592:
41:
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1634:
1629:
1138:
2782:
2538:
2395:
2186:
2096:
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1967:
1916:
1491:
1155:
608:
8:
3108:
2888:
2495:
2446:
2208:
2159:
1844:
1711:
3015:
2878:
2568:
1906:
1824:
1764:
1644:
648:
212:
138:
2648:
2612:
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2048:
1784:
1731:
1691:
1676:
1363:
475:, 20th ed., Rule R8(c)(ii) (Cambridge: The Harvard Law Review Association, 2015), 92.
252:
137:
requires "Act" to be capitalized when referring to a specific legislative act. The
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1809:
1659:
1478:
263:
257:
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1483:
505:
489:
318:
541:
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118:
3150:
1887:
1839:
1746:
1701:
561:
236:
193:
114:
330:
287:
53:
211:
after receiving the act. Thereafter, the changes are published in the
2110:
1716:
78:
2685:
First
Reading of the Emancipation Proclamation of President Lincoln
2103:
1554:
204:
134:
113:
When the legislation of those two kinds are proposed, it is called
153:
An act adopted by simple majorities in both houses of
Congress is
1624:
37:
94:
In the United States, acts of
Congress are designated as either
2490:
2085:
2664:
Scene at the
Signing of the Constitution of the United States
181:
majority vote in both houses to override a president's veto.)
110:. Public laws are also often abbreviated as Pub. L. No. XβY.
1736:
544:, "Statutes at Large; contents; admissibility in evidence".
157:, or given the force of law, in one of the following ways:
129:
The word "act", as used in the term "act of
Congress", is
1457:
Powers, privileges, procedure, committees, history, media
218:
73:
452:"House of Commons | British Parliament & Politics"
44:. Acts may apply only to individual entities (called
2587:
List of artwork at the United States
Capitol complex
2133:
203:. The archivist provides for its publication as a
3296:
2706:George Washington and the Revolutionary War Door
2273:Emergency Planning, Preparedness, and Operations
148:
385:. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English.
104:American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009
2954:
577:
2968:
359:. Cambridge University Press. Archived from
2734:Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way
2961:
2947:
591:
584:
570:
473:The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation
106:) was the fifth enacted public law of the
3305:Terminology of the United States Congress
244:for a list of prominent Acts of Congress.
242:List of United States federal legislation
27:Law enacted by the United States Congress
2920:United States Capitol cornerstone laying
427:The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
248:Procedures of the United States Congress
85:
77:
1687:Majority of the majority (Hastert Rule)
647:
14:
3297:
1164:Caucuses of the United States Congress
411:from the original on January 17, 2024.
2942:
2132:
1455:
646:
565:
389:from the original on August 14, 2016.
341:from the original on August 16, 2016.
219:Judicial review and constitutionality
98:, relating to the general public, or
462:from the original on April 30, 2015.
284:"About Bills, Resolutions, and Laws"
74:Public law, private law, designation
795:Expelled, censured, and reprimanded
24:
25:
3316:
2678:Progress of Civilization Pediment
2532:Congressional Pictorial Directory
1385:By length of service historically
550:
3024:
2546:Official Congressional Directory
2165:Gov. Accountability Office (GAO)
331:"act: Meaning and Definition of"
2355:Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper
1202:Arab and Middle Eastern members
1099:Bipartisan Legal Advisory Group
634:Lists of United States Congress
531:
511:
495:
478:
209:United States Statutes at Large
2457:Congressional Research Service
2204:Congr. Workplace Rights (OCWR)
1207:Asian Pacific American members
466:
444:
415:
401:"Act Definition & Meaning"
393:
375:
345:
323:
305:
276:
201:archivist of the United States
163:president of the United States
58:president of the United States
13:
1:
3011:Bill (United States Congress)
2692:Surrender of General Burgoyne
2049:Old Brick Capitol (1815β1819)
1212:Asian Pacific American Caucus
805:Lost re-election in a primary
357:Cambridge Dictionaries Online
270:
48:), or to the general public (
2699:Surrender of Lord Cornwallis
2642:The Apotheosis of Washington
2376:Chief Administrative Officer
2214:Gov. Publishing Office (GPO)
149:Promulgation (United States)
108:111th United States Congress
7:
2864:Health and Fitness Facility
2656:Declaration of Independence
1425:Killed or wounded in office
1246:Congressional Jewish Caucus
1219:Hispanic and Latino members
230:
131:a common, not a proper noun
10:
3321:
2278:Interparliamentary Affairs
2199:Congr. Budget Office (CBO)
1835:Riddick's Senate Procedure
1262:Gender and sexual identity
557:Act of Congress β Glossary
190:United States Constitution
18:Public Law (United States)
3159:
3136:Law School Admission Test
3121:
3099:
3044:
3033:
3022:
2976:
2907:
2884:Old Supreme Court Chamber
2849:
2799:
2764:
2753:
2597:Congressional Prayer Room
2577:
2514:
2445:
2363:
2312:
2305:
2260:
2234:
2227:
2150:
2146:
2128:
2078:
2044:Congress Hall (1790β1800)
1995:
1986:
1960:
1878:
1757:
1568:
1542:
1466:
1462:
1451:
1390:Current members by wealth
1377:
1325:
1309:
1261:
1172:
1154:
1147:
1121:
1074:
990:
983:
823:
815:Elected but did not serve
765:
702:
666:
659:
655:
642:
599:
508:, "Promulgation of laws".
492:, "Promulgation of laws".
440:– via Bartleby.com.
2970:Law of the United States
2177:Architect of the Capitol
2039:Federal Hall (1789β1790)
1180:African-American members
604:House of Representatives
124:
90:Part of Public Law 86β90
2727:Washington at Princeton
2671:Apotheosis of Democracy
2091:Congressional Quarterly
1780:Executive communication
1770:Blue slip (U.S. Senate)
1727:Suspension of the rules
1253:Native American members
679:By shortness of service
423:"Clayton Antitrust Act"
317:March 14, 2009, at the
223:Through the process of
2894:Webster Page Residence
2869:House Recording Studio
2713:Revolutionary War Door
2474:Register of Copyrights
2055:Biographical Directory
1524:"Necessary and Proper"
1064:Policy Committee Chair
1042:Policy Committee Chair
593:United States Congress
429:. 2007. Archived from
91:
83:
42:United States Congress
2219:Technology Assessment
1640:Dear Colleague letter
1635:Continuing resolution
1630:Concurrent resolution
1109:Republican Conference
1049:Republican Conference
1010:President pro tempore
742:Born outside the U.S.
89:
81:
3146:Admission to the bar
2996:Separation of powers
2783:Mountains and Clouds
2539:Congressional Record
2396:Floor Services Chief
2283:Law Revision Counsel
2034:Continental Congress
1529:Power of enforcement
1492:Contempt of Congress
1395:From multiple states
1348:Mormon (LDS) members
1156:Congressional caucus
800:Served a single term
732:Expelled or censured
674:By length of service
3086:International Trade
2807:Building Commission
2288:Legislative Counsel
2209:Library of Congress
2170:Comptroller General
2160:Congressional staff
1845:Senatorial courtesy
1234:Hispanic Conference
649:Members and leaders
363:on January 26, 2004
141:capitalizes "act".
3182:Child sexual abuse
3172:Administrative law
3016:United States Code
2978:Constitutional law
2879:Old Senate Chamber
2745:VP Bust Collection
2569:United States Code
2501:Jefferson Building
2194:Cap. Guide Service
2061:Divided government
1978:Seal of the Senate
1942:Select and special
1907:Discharge petition
1860:Tie-breaking votes
1825:Recess appointment
1765:Advice and consent
1645:Discharge petition
1588:Appropriation bill
1497:Declaration of war
689:Non-voting members
213:United States Code
139:United States Code
92:
84:
82:Private Law 86β407
3292:
3291:
3117:
3116:
3072:
2936:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2928:
2927:
2845:
2844:
2649:Statue of Freedom
2613:Statue of Freedom
2592:Brumidi Corridors
2564:Statutes at Large
2518:Publishing Office
2441:
2440:
2301:
2300:
2124:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2074:
2073:
2022:election disputes
2010:speaker elections
1973:Mace of the House
1820:Presiding Officer
1785:Executive session
1732:Unanimous consent
1692:Multiple referral
1677:Lame-duck session
1447:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1373:
1372:
1173:Ethnic and racial
1117:
1116:
1104:Democratic Caucus
1027:Democratic Caucus
979:
978:
300:About Public Laws
253:Act of parliament
161:Signature by the
16:(Redirected from
3312:
3192:Conflict of laws
3066:
3042:
3041:
3028:
2963:
2956:
2949:
2940:
2939:
2762:
2761:
2579:Capitol Building
2553:U.S. Gov. Manual
2506:Madison Building
2469:Copyright Office
2433:Sergeant at Arms
2391:Floor Operations
2310:
2309:
2232:
2231:
2148:
2147:
2130:
2129:
1993:
1992:
1810:Morning business
1697:House procedures
1660:Joint resolution
1464:
1463:
1453:
1452:
1333:Buddhist members
1152:
1151:
988:
987:
810:Switched parties
757:Switched parties
694:Unseated members
684:Youngest members
664:
663:
657:
656:
644:
643:
586:
579:
572:
563:
562:
545:
535:
529:
527:
515:
509:
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476:
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419:
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373:
372:
370:
368:
349:
343:
342:
327:
321:
309:
303:
302:
297:
295:
280:
264:Federal Register
258:Entry into force
180:
179:
175:
70:of both houses.
69:
68:
64:
21:
3320:
3319:
3315:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3310:
3309:
3295:
3294:
3293:
3288:
3187:Civil procedure
3155:
3113:
3095:
3036:
3029:
3020:
3006:Act of Congress
2980:
2972:
2967:
2937:
2924:
2903:
2851:
2841:
2795:
2756:
2749:
2626:Hall of Columns
2573:
2517:
2510:
2448:
2437:
2418:Parliamentarian
2359:
2350:Parliamentarian
2297:
2256:
2223:
2152:
2142:
2135:Capitol Complex
2116:
2070:
2066:Party divisions
1982:
1956:
1874:
1758:Senate-specific
1753:
1608:Closed sessions
1576:Act of Congress
1564:
1538:
1534:Taxing/spending
1458:
1439:
1430:Party switchers
1399:Died in office
1369:
1321:
1305:
1274:Equality Caucus
1257:
1229:Hispanic Caucus
1168:
1143:
1113:
1070:
975:
819:
761:
698:
651:
638:
595:
590:
553:
548:
536:
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516:
512:
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450:
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421:
420:
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405:Merriam-Webster
399:
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381:
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351:
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329:
328:
324:
319:Wayback Machine
310:
306:
293:
291:
282:
281:
277:
273:
233:
225:judicial review
221:
177:
173:
172:
151:
127:
76:
66:
62:
61:
40:enacted by the
34:act of Congress
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3318:
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3209:
3204:
3199:
3197:Constitutional
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3096:
3094:
3093:
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3050:
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3046:Federal courts
3039:
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3019:
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2902:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2874:Senate chamber
2871:
2866:
2861:
2859:Botanic Garden
2855:
2853:
2847:
2846:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2812:office lottery
2809:
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2801:
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2774:
2768:
2766:
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2748:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2730:
2723:
2720:Columbus Doors
2716:
2709:
2702:
2695:
2688:
2681:
2674:
2667:
2660:
2652:
2645:
2638:
2636:Visitor Center
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2617:
2616:
2604:
2599:
2594:
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2581:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2549:
2542:
2535:
2528:
2526:Public Printer
2522:
2520:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2496:Adams Building
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
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2476:
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2196:
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2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
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2024:
2017:Senate history
2014:
2013:
2012:
2007:
1996:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1964:
1962:
1958:
1957:
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1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
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1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1892:ranking member
1884:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1855:Standing Rules
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1830:Reconciliation
1827:
1822:
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1815:Nuclear option
1812:
1807:
1804:Senate Journal
1800:
1792:
1787:
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1777:
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1761:
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1707:Reconciliation
1704:
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1598:Budget process
1595:
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1572:
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1519:Naturalization
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1343:Jewish members
1340:
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1277:
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1265:
1263:
1259:
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1241:Jewish members
1238:
1237:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1216:
1215:
1214:
1204:
1199:
1198:
1197:
1192:
1187:
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1170:
1169:
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1149:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1141:
1139:Gerrymandering
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1111:
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1096:
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848:
843:
838:
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827:
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821:
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797:
792:
787:
782:
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769:
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739:
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729:
724:
719:
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691:
686:
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551:External links
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3177:Child custody
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2268:Congr. Ethics
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2250:
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2000:House history
1998:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1959:
1953:
1952:Subcommittees
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1937:List (Senate)
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
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1900:
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1870:Treaty Clause
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1665:Joint session
1663:
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1650:Enrolled bill
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1338:Hindu members
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1328:
1324:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1300:
1299:current House
1297:
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1294:Issues Caucus
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1134:Apportionment
1132:
1130:
1127:
1126:
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1120:
1110:
1107:
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1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
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1038:
1035:
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1029:
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1013:
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1001:
1000:
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993:
989:
986:
982:
972:
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967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
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658:
654:
650:
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632:
629:
626: β
625:
622: β
621:
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615:
614:Joint session
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587:
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568:
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538:1 U.S.C.
534:
523:
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518:1 U.S.C.
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507:
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502:1 U.S.C.
498:
491:
487:
486:1 U.S.C.
481:
474:
469:
461:
457:
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447:
432:
428:
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410:
406:
402:
396:
388:
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289:
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19:
3239:Human rights
3160:Types of law
3101:State courts
3005:
3001:Civil rights
2915:Capitol Hill
2781:
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2139:Capitol Hill
2109:
2102:
2095:
2054:
1932:List (House)
1927:List (Joint)
1897:Of the Whole
1803:
1796:
1795:Jefferson's
1682:Magic minute
1575:
1435:Slave owners
1418:2000βpresent
1364:Sikh members
1362:
1269:LGBT members
1195:Black Caucus
971:118th (2023)
966:117th (2021)
961:116th (2019)
956:115th (2017)
951:114th (2015)
946:113th (2013)
941:112th (2011)
936:111th (2009)
931:110th (2007)
926:109th (2005)
921:108th (2003)
916:107th (2001)
911:106th (1999)
906:105th (1997)
901:104th (1995)
896:103rd (1993)
891:102nd (1991)
886:101st (1989)
881:100th (1987)
533:
513:
497:
480:
472:
468:
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