417:
2474:
1628:
2406:
2394:
2382:
1369:
forward bases from which militants carry out attacks against
Turkish military bases. The units deployed there are highly mobile and the camps have only minimal infrastructure. The other permanent camps, in the Qandil Mountains of Iraq, have more developed infrastructure—including a field hospital, electricity generators and a large proportion of the PKK's lethal and non-lethal supplies. The organization is also using the Qandil mountain camps for its political activities. It was reported in 2004 that there was another political training camp in Belgium, evidence that the organization had used training camps in Europe for political and ideological training.
405:
12899:
357:
2221:
2427:
3506:
1717:
1637:
12728:
184:
3097:
12911:
3108:
2462:
2938:
an official statement. " it does not accept the entry of armed groups to its territories that can be used to harm Iraq's security and stability." The prospect of armed
Kurdish forces in northern Iraq threatens to increase tensions between the region and Baghdad who are already at odds over certain oil producing territory. PKK spokesman Ahmet Deniz sought to ease concerns stating the plan would boost democracy. "The process is not aimed against anyone," he said "and there is no need for concerns that the struggle will take on another format and pose a threat to others."
12759:
145:
2687:. As during the international operation Poised Hammer the collaboration between Barzani and Turkey embittered, the situation for the PKK became even more difficult, with Barzani condemning terrorist attacks by the PKK during a Newroz festival. At the same time, the Turkish government started to use more violent methods to counter Kurdish militants. After in 1992 a high-profile Turkish Delegation visited Damascus, the Syrian Government seemed to have ordered the closure of the PKK camp in the Bekaa valley and told the PKK to keep a low profile for some time.
2486:
2439:
321:
12740:
2650:, but also at different resorts. However, the PKK had in its history arrested 4 tourists and released them all after warning them to not enter the war zone. The vast majority of PKK's actions have taken place mainly in Turkey against the Turkish military, although it has on occasions co-operated with other Kurdish nationalist paramilitary groups in neighboring states, such as Iraq and Iran. The PKK has also attacked Turkish diplomatic and commercial facilities across Western Europe in the late 1980s. In effect, the Turkish state has led a series of
51:
707:
333:
2004:
2539:
642:
171:
381:
2498:
720:
1769:
629:
480:
1777:
2822:
its capability to carry out armed operations. PKK/KADEK established a new ruling council in April, its membership virtually identical to the PKK's
Presidential Council. The PKK/KADEK did not conduct an armed attack in 2002; however, the group periodically issued veiled threats that it will resume violence if the conditions of its imprisoned leader are not improved and its forces are attacked by Turkish military, and it continued its military training like before.
2631:, Syria, Lebanon and France. The PKK received significant support from the Syrian government, which allowed it to maintain headquarters in Damascus, as well as some support from the governments of Iran, Iraq, and Libya. It began to launch attacks and bombings against Turkish governmental installations, the military, and various institutions of the state. The organization focused on attacks against Turkish military targets, although civilian targets were also hit.
733:
1282:
2977:
3056:
2510:
12772:
158:
369:
14971:
197:
3134:
refusing to recognize the HDP as having any role to play despite their long participation as intermediaries. These announcements increased distrust of the government's good faith among
Kurdish leaders. In July 2015, Turkey finally became involved in the war against ISIL. While they were doing so, they decided to bomb PKK targets in Iraq. The bombings came a few days after PKK was suspected of assassinating two Turkish police officers in
12582:
681:
590:
492:
1752:, and recruiting child soldiers. According to the TEPAV, an Ankara-based think tank, a survey conducted using data from 1,362 PKK fighters who lost their lives between 2001 and 2011 estimated that 42% of the militants were recruited under 18, with roughly 9% under 15 at the time of recruitment. In 2013 the PKK stated it would prohibit the recruitment of children under the age of 16 as well as keep 16-18 year olds away from combat.
603:
505:
1789:
fighters but over time the number increased significantly and by the early 1990s, 30 percent of its 17,000 armed fighting forces were women. While in 1989 the PKKs armed wing issued a so-called "Compulsory
Military Service Law", the PKK had to temporarily suspend recruitment several times since the early 1990s, as the PKK had difficulties to provide training to the large number of volunteers, which wanted to join their ranks.
694:
441:
393:
616:
518:
668:
3009:
429:
655:
12929:
1378:
1940:, the organization collects money from its members, using labels like 'donations' and 'membership fees' which are seen as a fact extortion and illegal taxation by the authorities. There are also indications that the organization is actively involving in money laundering, illicit drugs and human trafficking, as well as illegal immigration inside and outside the EU for funding and running its activities.
453:
12991:
12875:
2934:
Iraq welcomed the idea of refugees from its northern neighbor. The BDP held meetings across the region to state the pending withdrawal to concerned citizens. "The 8th of May is a day we both anticipate and fear," said party leader Pinar Yilmaz. "We don't trust the government at all. Many people here are afraid that once the guerrillas are gone, the
Turkish military will crack down on us again."
1035:
12887:
8324:
345:
2782:, murdered and disappeared Kurdish journalists, activists and politicians. As a result of increasing Kurdish population and activism, the Turkish parliament began a controlled process of dismantling some anti-Kurdish legislation, using the term "normalization" or "rapprochement", depending on the sides of the issue. It partially relaxed the bans on broadcasting and publishing in the
12318:
People's
Defence Forces (HPG) said in a statement on its website on Wednesday, accusing the two officers of cooperating with the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL). The two police officers were found shot dead at their home in the town of Ceylanpinar on the border with Syria, two days after the Suruc suicide attack that killed 32 people, mostly ethnic Kurds.
12340:'We will not stay silent in the face of those who kill our police officers in their sleep,' Davutoglu said, referring to PKK's assassination of two Turkish police officers Wednesday. The statement also referred to the slaying of the two police officers, calling it an act of "retribution" carried out by "local branches" without orders from central PKK command.
2833:. The stated purpose of the organizational change was to leave behind nationalistic and state-building goals, in favor of creating a political structure to work within the existing nation-states. Through further internal conflict during this period, it is reported that 1500 militants left the organization, along with many of the leading reformists, including
2758:. Similar actions of the Turkish state have also been criticized by these same groups. The ECHR has investigated Turkey for executions of Kurdish civilians, torturing, forced displacements and massive arrests. In 1998 Turkey increased the pressure on Syria and ended its support for the PKK. The leader of the organization, Abdullah Öcalan, was captured,
1740:, of which each one is headed by its commander. A province is further also divided into several sub regions, in which a number of fighting battalions of between 100 and 170 militants are stationed. The battalions are again divided into companies of 60 to 70 fighters of which at least one needs to constituted by female and two by male militants.
2853:
Kongra-Gel called off the cease-fire at the start of June 2004, saying
Turkish security forces had refused to respect the truce. Turkish security forces were increasingly involved in clashes with Kurdish separatist fighters. Ankara stated that about 2,000 Kurdish fighters had crossed into Turkey from
2742:, a female PKK fighter, carried out the organization's first suicide attack, killing 8 soldiers and injuring 29 others. The attacks against the civilians, especially the Kurdish citizens who refused to cooperate with them were also reported at the same years. On 20 January 1999, a report published by
2289:
on the grounds that the EU had failed to give a proper justification for listing it in the first place. However, EU officials dismissed the ruling, stating that the PKK would remain on the list regardless of the legal decision. The EU in 2011 renewed its official listing of the PKK as group or entity
814:
by Turkey, the United States, the
European Union, and some other countries; however, the labeling of the PKK as a terrorist organization is controversial to some analysts and organizations, who believe that the PKK no longer engages in organized terrorist activities or systemically targets civilians.
3133:
In the months before the parliamentary election of 2015, as the "Kurdish-focused" HDP's likelihood of crossing the 10% threshold for entry into the government seemed more likely, Erdogan gave speeches and made comments that repudiated the settlement process and the existence of a
Kurdish problem and
3035:
Turkish military statements stated that the bombings were in response to PKK attacks on a Turkish military outpost in the area. The Firat news agency, which Al Jazeera describes as "close to the PKK", stated that Turkish forces had been shelling the PKK positions for days beforehand and that the PKK
2821:
and proclaimed a commitment to nonviolent activities. A PKK/KADEK spokesman stated that its armed wing, the HPG, would not disband or surrender its weapons for reasons of self-defense. This statement by the PKK/KADEK avowing it would not lay down its arms underscores that the organization maintained
2341:
in Madrid, the Turkish delegation softened their opposition to Finland and Sweden's NATO membership applications and signed a tripartite memorandum addressing Turkey's concerns regarding arms exports and Kurdish relations. Finland and Sweden affirmed that the PKK is "a terrorist organization". On 30
1061:
Around 1995, the PKK ostensibly changed its aim from independence to a demand for equal rights and Kurdish autonomy within the Turkish state, though all the while hardly suspending their military attacks on the Turkish state except for ceasefires in 1999–2004 and 2013–2015. In 1995, Öcalan said: "We
3027:
A number of Turkish Kurds rallied in large-scale street protests, demanding that the government in Ankara take more forceful action to combat IS and to enable Kurdish militants already engaged against IS to more freely move and resupply. These protests included a PKK call for its supporters to turn
2937:
The withdrawal began as planned with groups of fighters crossing the border from southeastern Turkey to northern Iraq. Iraqi leadership in Baghdad, however, declared that it would not accept armed groups into its territory. "The Iraqi government welcomes any political and peaceful settlement", read
2933:
remarked "As part of ongoing preparations, the withdrawal will begin on May 8, 2013. Our forces will use their right to retaliate in the event of an attack, operation or bombing against our withdrawing guerrilla forces and the withdrawal will immediately stop." The semi-autonomous Kurdish region of
2802:
The third phase (1999–2012), after the capture of Öcalan, PKK reorganized itself and new leaders were chosen by its members. The organization made radical changes to survive, such as changing its ideology and setting new goals. During the 7th Party congress in January 2000, the former military wing
2737:
From 1996 to 1999, the organization began to use suicide bombers, VBIED, and ambush attacks against military and police bases. The role of suicide bombers, especially female ones were encouraged and mythologised by giving them the status of a "goddess of freedom", and shown as role models for other
1999:
According to research conducted by journalist Aliza Marcus, the PKK accepted the support of smugglers in the region. Aliza Marcus stated that some of those Kurdish smugglers who were involved in the drug trade, either because they truly believed in the PKK—or because they thought it a good business
1141:
Even though the PKK has several prominent representatives in various countries such as Iraq, Iran, Syria, Russia, and Europe, Abdullah Öcalan stayed the unchallenged leader of the organization. Today, though serving life imprisonment, Öcalan is still considered the honorary leader and figurehead of
925:(TKP-ML) were cracked down upon and forbidden. Following, several of the resting political actors of the Turkish left organized away from the public in university dorms or in meetings in shared apartments. In 1972–1973 the organization's core ideological group was made up largely of students led by
11559:
KCK has an assembly. This assembly is Kongra-Gel. Furthermore, within Kongra-Gel there's an elected executive council... The PKK is a limited segment within the movement which is given the name KCK. Abdullah Öcalan takes the highest position. After that there's the Assembly, and following that the
2618:
In a second phase, which followed the return of civilian rule in 1983, escalating attacks were made on the government's military and vital institutions all over the country. The objective was to destabilize the Turkish authority through a long, low-intensity confrontation. The establishment of the
1096:
with the democratic confederalism which is described as a system of popularly elected administrative councils, allowing local communities to exercise autonomous control over their assets while linking to other communities via a network of confederal councils. Followers of Öcalan and members of the
2961:
Iraqi Kurdistan President Masoud Barzani backed the initiative saying, alongside Erdogan: "This is a historic visit for me ... We all know it would have been impossible to speak here 15 or 20 years ago. Prime Minister Tayyip Erdogan has taken a very brave step towards peace. I want my Kurdish and
2941:
It is estimated that between 1,500 and 2,000 PKK fighters resided in Turkey at the time. The withdrawal process was expected to take several months even if Iraq does not intervene to try to stop it. On 14 May 2013, the first groups of 13 male and female fighters entered Iraq's Heror area near the
2862:
was restored, while the Kongra-Gel became the legislature of the Kurdistan Communities Union (KCK). Turkey's struggle against the Kongra-Gel/PKK was marked by increased clashes across Turkey in 2005. In the southeast, Turkish security forces were active in the struggle against the Kongra-Gel/PKK.
2566:
against the Turkish government. During these years, the PKK also fought a turf war against Kurdish and Turkish radical Islamist organisations in Turkey. Turkish newspapers said that the PKK effectively used the prison force to appeal to the general population, which the PKK has denied. In Turkey,
2311:
France prosecutes Kurdish-French activists and bans organizations connected to the PKK on terrorism-related charges, having listed the group as a terrorist organization since 1993. However, French courts often refuse to extradite captured individuals criticized of PKK connections to Turkey due to
2111:
between Turkey and Syria, Syria placed restrictions on PKK activity on its soil such as not allowing the PKK to establish camps and other facilities for training and shelter or to have commercial activities on its territory. Syria recognized the PKK as a terrorist organization in 1998. Turkey was
1503:
has condemned Turkey for arresting and executing Kurdish writers, journalists and politicians in numerous occasions. Between 1990 and 2006 Turkey was condemned to pay €33 million in damages in 567 cases. The majority of the cases were related to events that took place in southeastern Anatolia. In
1368:
In 2007, the organization was reported to have camps strung out through the mountains that straddle the border between Turkey and Iraq, including in Sinaht, Haftanin, Kanimasi and Zap. The organization developed two types of camps. The mountain camps, located in Turkey, Iraq and Iran, are used as
3156:
The number of casualties since 23 July was stated by Turkish government to be 150 Turkish officers and over 2,000 Kurdish rebels killed (by September). In December 2015, Turkish military operation in southeastern Turkey has killed hundreds of civilians, displaced hundreds of thousands and caused
2867:
claimed responsibility for many of these attacks. The TAK is a rival to PKK that since 2006 repeatedly damaged the PKK's efforts to negotiate cease-fires and unlike the PKK, is seeking to establish independent Kurdistan. In 2006 alone, the PKK claimed over 500 victims. On 1 October 2006, the PKK
2048:
At the height of its campaign, it is alleged that the organization received support from a range of countries. According to Turkey, those countries the PKK previously or currently received support from include: Greece, Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, Russia, Syria, Finland, Sweden and the United States. The
1952:
has been documented since the 1990s. A report by Interpol published in 1992 states that the PKK, along with nearly 178 Kurdish organizations were suspected of illegal drug trade involvement. Members of the PKK have been designated narcotics traffickers by the U.S. Department of the Treasury. The
1788:
Since its foundation, the PKK has recruited new fighters mainly from Turkey, but also from Syria, Iraq, Iran, and Western countries using various recruitment methods, such as using nationalist propaganda and its gender equality ideology. At its establishment, it included a small number of female
12317:
The armed wing of the outlawed Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) has claimed responsibility for killing two Turkish police officers, saying the murders were reprisals for a suicide attack in the border town of Suruc. 'A punitive action was carried out... in revenge for the massacre in Suruc,' the
2749:
In the late 1980s and early 1990s, in an effort to win increased support from the Kurdish peasantry, the PKK altered its leftist secular ideology to better accommodate and accept Islamic beliefs. The group also abandoned its previous strategy of attacking Kurdish and Turkish civilians who were
2039:
the strength of the organization in terms of human resources consists of approximately 4,000 to 5,000 militants of whom 3,000 to 3,500 are located in northern Iraq. With the new wave of fighting from 2015 onwards, observers said that active support for the PKK had become a "mass phenomenon" in
1683:
in 1996, Öcalan assured Lummer that it was the PKKs aim to find a peaceful solution for their activities in Germany. The PKK also demanded that it should be recognized as a legitimate entity and not as a terrorist organization in Germany, a demand to which Germany did not accede to. In Germany
1397:
often directed against policies of the Turkish government. The PKK also fought a turf war against other radical Islamist Kurdish and Turkish organizations in Turkey. Turkish newspapers said that the PKK effectively used the prison force to gain appeal among the population which PKK has denied.
2733:
was elected prime minister. In December 1995 the PKK announced another unilateral ceasefire to give a new Government an opportunity to articulate a more peaceful approach towards the conflict. The government elected in December 1995 did not initiate negotiations and kept on evacuating Kurdish
8522:
The Turkish establishment considered the Kurds' demand for the recognition of their identity a threat to the territorial integrity of the state, the more so because the PKK was supported by countries hostile to Turkey: Soviet Union, Greece, Cyprus, Iran and especially Syria. Syria hosted the
2894:
2012 was the most violent year in the armed conflict between the Turkish State and PKK since 1999. At least 541 individuals lost their lives as a result of the clashes including 316 militants and 282 soldiers. In contrast, 152 individuals lost their lives in 2009 until the Turkish government
2362:
In 2020, the supreme court of Belgium ruled that the PKK was not a terrorist organization, instead labeling the group as an actor in an internal armed conflict. Following this, the Belgian Government announced that the ruling would not affect the current designation of the PKK as a terrorist
2945:
On 29 July 2013, the PKK issued an ultimatum in saying that the peace deal would fail if reforms were not begun to be implemented within a month. In October, Cemil Bayik warned that unless Turkey resumed the peace process, the PKK would resume operations to defend itself against it. He also
1728:
governments of the region". The areas in which the group operates are generally mountainous rural areas and dense urban areas. The mountainous terrain offers an advantage to members of the PKK by allowing them to hide in a network of caves. In 1995 the PKK declared that it would comply with
1816:
In July 2007, the weapons captured between 1984 and 2007 from the PKK operatives and their origins published by the Turkish General Staff indicates that the operatives erased some of the serial numbers from their weapons. The total number of weapons and the origins for traceable ones were:
1727:
The organization said that its violent actions against the government forces were used by "the need to defend Kurds in the context of what it calls as the massive cultural suppression of Kurdish identity (including the 1983 Turkish Language Act Ban) and cultural rights carried out by other
2358:
has also rejected Turkish demands to blacklist the PKK. Switzerland does not have a list of terrorist organizations, but it has taken its own measures to monitor and restrict the group's activities on Swiss soil, including banning the collection of funds for the group in November 2008.
1481:
during which the HDP is accused of being linked to the PKK. It is reported that Turkey has used the PKK as an excuse to close Kurdish political parties. Senior DTP leaders maintained that they support a unified Turkey within a democratic framework. In May 2007, the co-president of DTP
3004:
forces in Syria who were attacking Kurdish city Kobane, which resulted in conflicts with Turks on the border and an end to a cease-fire that had been in place over a year. The PKK said Turkey was supporting ISIS. The PKK participated in many offensives against ISIS in Iraq and Syria.
2064:
According to Ali Külebi, president of an Ankara-based nationalist think tank TUSAM, "It is obvious that the PKK is supported by Greece, considering the PKK's historical development with major support from Greece." Külebi said in 2007 that PKK militants received training at a base in
1599:
were labelled and prosecuted for "spreading terrorist propaganda" on behalf of the PKK. In November 2020, a playground for children in Istanbul was dismantled after the municipality decided its design too closely resembled the symbol of the PKK. Politicians of pro-Kurdish like the
9370:"Council Decision 2011/70/CFSP of 31 January 2011 updating the list of persons, groups and entities subject to Articles 2, 3 and 4 of Common Position 2001/931/CFSP on the application of specific measures to combat terrorism – Official Journal L 028, 02/02/2011 pp. 0057–0059"
1065:
Whilst this shift in the mid-nineties has been interpreted as one from a call for independence to an autonomous republic, some scholars have concluded that the PKK still maintains independence as the ultimate goal, but through society-building rather than state-building.
8844:
4092:
1365:. Instead of a single training camp that could be easily destroyed, the organization created many small camps. During this period the organization set up a fully functioning enclave with training camps, storage facilities, and reconnaissance and communications centers.
9093:
1996:. According to the OFAC, Zeynedding Geleri was identified as a high-ranking member of the PKK while two others were activists. The OFAC stated that the drug trafficking is still one of the organization's criminal activities it uses to obtain weapons and materials.
1456:
Political organizations established in Turkey are banned from propagating or supporting separatism. Several political parties supporting Kurdish rights have been reportedly banned on this pretext. The constitutional court stated to find direct links between the
2255:
in 1986, the PKK was considered a potential suspect – however, this theory was soon abandoned and in September 2020, the state prosecutor Krister Petersson announced he believed he had found the murderer and closed the case as that person was no longer alive.
2179:, had active connections during the 1990s with elements of the organization's leadership that forced a downgrade in relationships between the two states. After harboring Ali Riza Altun, Austria arranged a flight to Iraq for him, a suspected key figure with an
2750:
against them, focusing instead on government and military targets. In its campaign, the organization has been criticized of carrying out atrocities against both Turkish and Kurdish civilians and its actions have been criticised by human rights groups such as
2671:. The establishment of the Village Guards resulted into a change of policy by the PKK, who reorganized its military wing at the 3rd party congress in October 1986 and made the joining of its military wing the Kurdistan People's Liberation Force compulsory.
1801:. It was reported by a Turkish university that 88% of the subjects initially reported that equality was a key objective, and that they joined the organization based on this statement. In 2007, approximately 1,100 of 4,500–5,000 total members were women.
2895:
initiated negotiations with the PKK leadership. The failure of this negotiations contributed to violence that were particularly intensified in 2012. The PKK encouraged by the rising power of the Syrian Kurds increased its attacks in the same year.
1128:
against an established order, as well as the role Islam can play in reconciliation between Kurds and Turks. The PKK was accused of having a presence in mosques in Germany to attract religious Muslim Kurds into their ranks. Öcalan had respect for
2294:. In 2018, Prakken d'Oliveira Human Rights Lawyers reported that the PKK won another case against its listing as a terror organization by the EU, but the PKK was kept on the list as the ruling only concerned the years from 2014 until 2017.
3507:
12420:
2929:. To facilitate talks, government officials transmitted letters between Öcalan in jail to PKK leaders in northern Iraq. On 21 March 2013, a ceasefire was announced. On 25 April, it was announced that the PKK would leave Turkey. Commander
2857:
While the fight against the Turkish security forces between 2004 and 2010 continued, the PKK and its ancillary organizations continued to enjoy substantial support among the Kurds of Turkey. In 2005, the original name of the organization
12362:
5011:
The Turkish military responded with a ferocious counterinsurgency campaign that led to the deaths of nearly 40,000 people, most of them Turkish Kurdish civilians, and the displacement of more than three million Kurds from southeastern
2746:, stated that the PKK was reported to have been responsible for more than 768 executions. The organization had also reportedly committed 25 massacres, killing more than 300 people. More than a hundred victims were children and women.
1796:
norms were commonplace, the organization increased its number of members through the recruitment of women from different social structures and environments, also from families that migrated to several European countries after 1960 as
1536:(Millî İstihbarat Teşkilatı, MİT), and that his 1979 escape to Syria was aided by elements in MİT. Öcalan has admitted making use of money given by the MIT to the PKK, which he says was provided as part of MIT efforts to control him.
4040:
8852:
4096:
6046:
2868:
reportedly declared a unilateral cease-fire that slowed the intensity and pace of its attacks, but attacks continued in response to Turkish security forces significant counterinsurgency operations, especially in the southeast.
2988:(ISIL) forces in Syria in mid-July 2014 as part of the Syrian Civil War. In August the PKK engaged IS in Northern Iraq and pressured the Government of Turkey to take a stand against IS. PKK forces helped tens of thousands of
815:
Turkey accused the PKK of terrorism in 2023 for killing 12 of its solders in Iraq and for a suicide attack on the Ministry of Interior’s headquarters in Ankara. Turkey has often characterized the demand for education in
1148:
led the organization from 1999 to 2013. In 2013 Cemil Bayik and Besê Hozat assumed as the first joint leadership. Cemil Bayik was one of the core leaders since its foundation. The organization appointed "Doctor Bahoz",
6799:
PKK aslında nereden şiddetle çıktı. Bana göre Diyarbakır Cezaevi'nden, 12 Eylül'den sonra çıktı. Yani ortam, orada hazırlandı. Çıkış yeri orası. Orada işkenceden insanlar öldü. Sakat kalanlar Avrupa'ya gitti. Öyle bir
942:
3560:
1237:. In 1994 the Hunerkom was renamed into the 'Kurdish Academy of Culture and Arts'. Koma Berxwedans songs, which often were about the PKK resistance, were forbidden in Turkey and had to be smuggled over the border.
2662:
in various PKK-controlled territories starting in 1983 (when the military relinquished political control to the civilians). This series of administrative reforms against terrorism included in 1985 the creation of
1021:
drew on Marxism and saw Kurdistan as a colonized entity. Initially the PKK concealed its existence and only announced their existence in a propaganda stunt when they attempted to assassinate a politician of the
1416:
since the beginning of the early 1990s. The existence of direct links between the parties and the PKK have several times been a question in Turkish politics but also in Turkish and European courts. In sequence
1123:
to be in Kurdish instead of the Turkish language. Öcalans early writings did not have a positive view of Islam, but later works had a more favorable tone, specifically regarding the revolutionary activity of
12806:
6722:
5698:
Instead of struggling for autonomy, a federation, or independence, Kurds would now fight for a truly democratic Turkey, in which Kurds and Turks would be unified in the way that Turkey's founder Ataturk had
4548:
12842:
12836:
8548:
1992:(OFAC) announced the designation of Moldovan-based individuals Zeyneddin Geleri, Cerkez Akbulut, and Omer Boztepe as specially designated narcotics traffickers for drug trafficking on behalf of the PKK in
1808:, in the early years of the PKK existence, it recruited young women by abducting them. Families would also encourage family members to join the PKK in order to avenge relatives killed by the Turkish army.
9865:
7667:
2170:
Various PKK leaders, including Hidir Yalcin, Riza Altun, Zubeyir Aydar, and Ali Haydar Kaytan all lived in Europe and moved freely. The free movement was achieved by strong ties with influential persons.
2083:, that "Greece has for years supported the PKK movement. They even gave us arms and rockets. Greek officers gave guerrilla training and explosives training to our militants" at a camp in Lavrion, Greece.
1586:
or the teaching of the Kurdish language as supporting terrorist activities by the PKK. The fact that both the HDP and the PKK support education in Kurdish language was included in the indictment in the
1050:. During the 1980s, the movement included and cooperated with other ethnic groups, including ethnic Turks, who were following the radical left. The organization initially presented itself as part of the
3614:
In 2003, Öcalan reformulated the ideological basis of the PKK. Inspired by eco-anarchists Murray Bookchin and Janet Beihl, he advocated for a new anti-nationalist approach he referred to as 'democratic
2734:
populated villages. Despite the violent approach of the Government to the ceasefire, it was upheld by the PKK until August 1996. Turkey was involved in serious human rights violations during the 1990s.
842:. The PKK was formed as part of a growing discontent over the suppression of Turkey's Kurds, in an effort to establish linguistic, cultural, and political rights for the Kurdish minority. Following the
9474:
1495:
Several parliamentarians and other elected representatives have been jailed for speaking in Kurdish, carrying Kurdish colors or otherwise allegedly "promoting separatism", most famous among them being
1062:
are not insisting on a separate state under any condition. What we are calling for very openly is a state model where a people's basic economic, cultural, social, and political rights are guaranteed".
9347:
9094:"MSB: 'Irak'ın kuzeyindeki Zap bölgesinde tespit edilen bölücü terör örgütü mensubu 6 PKK'lı terörist, düzenlenen hava harekâtıyla etkisiz hale getirildi. Operasyonlarımız hız kesmeden devam edecek.'"
2000:
practice (avoid conflicts)—frequently donated money to the PKK rebels. However, according to Aliza Marcus, it does not seem that the PKK, as an organization, directly produced or traded in narcotics.
13583:
13578:
8596:
3181:
4093:"Statement Made By İsmail Cem, Foreign Minister, On The Special Security Meeting Held Between Turkey And Syria October 20, 1998 (Unofficial Translation) / Rep. of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs"
1357:
from Beqaa Valley, under intensive pressure, after Syria expelled Öcalan and shut down all camps established in the region. At the time, Northern Iraq was experiencing a vacuum of control after the
12800:
12544:
9501:
2077:. At the time it was reported that the general had assumed responsibility for training. Greeks also dispatched arms through the Republic of Cyprus. During his trial, Öcalan admitted, as quoted in
12353:
9557:
13563:
13558:
2863:
There were bombings and attempted bombings in resort areas in western Turkey and Istanbul, some of which resulted in civilian casualties. A radical Kurdish separatist group calling itself the
12854:
12818:
12143:
2263:
1667:
apologized in 2015 after sympathizers of the PKK launched several waves of attacks against Turkish institutions in Germany. The PKK's activities were banned by the Minister of the Interior
4044:
15120:
15110:
12830:
12812:
9348:"Judgment of the Court of First Instance (Seventh Chamber) of 3 April 2008. Case T-229/02: Osman Öcalan acting on behalf of Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) v Council of the European Union"
4893:
7555:
4136:
15125:
14959:
14099:
9939:
9814:
8422:
7765:
2112:
expecting positive developments in its cooperation with Syria in the long term, but even during the course of 2005, there were PKK operatives of Syrian nationality operating in Turkey.
13265:
11684:
8448:
3028:
out. Clashes between police and protesters killed at least 31 people. The Turkish government continued to restrict PKK-associated fighters' movement across its borders, arresting 260
2778:
has condemned Turkey for human rights abuses during the conflict. Some judgements are related to executions of Kurdish civilians, torturing, forced displacements, destroyed villages,
960:, the Kurdish language was officially prohibited in public and private life. Many who spoke, published, or sang in Kurdish were arrested and imprisoned. At this time, expressions of
7123:
13588:
1961:, stating that despite the U.S. Department of Treasury designation, there was "no evidence that the organizational structures of the PKK are directly involved in drug trafficking".
11732:
9317:
2814:
HPG) and also declared that it wanted to aim for a democratic solution for the conflict. At the same time, the PKK continued to recruit new members and sustain its fighting force.
13593:
13568:
12788:
12456:
14104:
12848:
12564:
6708:
3045:
3036:
action had itself been retaliation for those artillery strikes. The PKK had already reported several Turkish attacks against their troops months before Turkish bombing started.
6458:
2942:
Metina mountain after leaving Turkey. They carried with them Kalashnikov assault rifles, light machine guns and rocket-propelled grenade launchers before a welcoming ceremony.
2069:, near Athens. Retired Greek L.T. General Dimitris Matafias and retired Greek Navy Admiral Antonis Naxakis had visited the organization's Mahsun Korkmaz base camp in Lebanon's
846:, the Kurdish language was officially prohibited in public and private life. Many who spoke, published, or sang in Kurdish were arrested and imprisoned. The Turkish government
2794:
moved to freeze assets of branches of the organization. The PKK went through a series of changes, and in 2003 it ended the unilateral truce declared when Öcalan was captured.
1688:(YXK), the Mesopotamia publishing house or the Mir Multimedia music label were deemed to be close to the PKK. The latter two were eventually closed down by Interior Minister
9662:
15170:
12537:
10617:
10932:
15130:
12983:
11016:
7240:
5308:
3570:
1026:, Mehmet Celal Bucak, in July 1979. Bucak was a Kurdish tribal leader accused by the PKK of exploiting peasants and collaborating with the Turkish state to oppress Kurds.
8718:
15105:
12270:
9271:
8957:
1119:
While the PKK has no known Islamist or practicing religious member among its leadership, it has supported the creation of religious organizations. It has also supported
4759:
13780:
10217:
8823:
6824:
5326:
5253:
3198:
10117:
1054:. Its aims and objectives have evolved over time towards the goals of national autonomy a federation similar the one of Switzerland, Germany or the United States and
11604:
13164:
11336:
9693:
4556:
987:
Following several years of preparation, the Kurdistan Workers Party was established during a foundation congress on 26 and 27 November 1978 in the rural village of
15175:
15155:
14178:
12530:
12294:
8539:
7343:
2680:
857:, when the PKK announced a Kurdish uprising. Since the conflict began, more than 40,000 people have died, most of whom were Kurdish civilians. In 1999, PKK leader
996:
15115:
14952:
7145:
7043:
4641:
4110:
3032:
fighters who were moving back into Turkey. On 14 October, Turkish Air Force fighter-bombers attacked PKK positions in the vicinity of Daglica, Hakkari Province.
2642:
and assassination against government and military officials and Kurdish tribal leaders who were named as puppets of the state were performed as well. Widespread
1988:
and prohibits U.S. persons from conducting financial or commercial transactions with these individuals. On 1 January 2012, the U.S. Department of the Treasury's
7370:
4297:
15165:
8875:
2902:, the Kurds in Syria have established control over their own region with the help of the PKK as well as with support from the Kurdistan Regional Government in
9478:
7162:
2583:
brought a difficult environment for the PKK, with members being executed, or being jailed. Other fled to Syria, where they were allowed to establish bases by
1582:
In Turkey, anything which could be perceived as a support of the PKK is deemed unsuitable to be shown to the public. Turkey views the demand for education in
3891:
3363:
2551:
1954:
1614:, was viewed as an evidence for a membership in a terrorist organization in 2019 because according to the prosecution it described events involving the PKK.
947:
10415:
Satana, N. S. (10 June 2017). "The Kurdish Issue in June 2011 Elections: Continuity or Change in Turkey's Democratization?: Turkish Studies: Vol 13, No 2".
9012:...President Mitterrand's, admittedly estranged wife Danielle. So bad had ties been at one stage that formal relations had been downgraded to the level of
8647:
8604:
7198:
3245:
formally accused the PKK of being behind the attack and announced the arrest of the bomber who had alleged links to the organization and twenty-one others.
2232:
The PKK has been designated as a terrorist group by a number of governments and organizations. It is often referred as "Separatist terrorist organization" (
13514:
9369:
7934:
6744:
6685:
5745:
2040:
majority ethnic Kurdish cities in the southeast of the Republic of Turkey, with large numbers of local youth joining PKK-affiliated local militant groups.
1972:
as foreign narcotics traffickers at the request of Turkey. On 20 April 2011, the U.S. Department of the Treasury announced the designation of PKK founders
12402:
8374:
2108:
13666:
13646:
10121:
9509:
6313:
4663:
2877:
1958:
1007:
9565:
3944:"Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions"
14945:
14468:
13294:
12995:
12824:
7582:
5803:
Casier, Marlies. "Beyond Mesopotamia? The Mesopotamia Social Forum and the appropriation and re-imagination of Mesopotamia by the Kurdish movement" in
4491:
3194:
3186:
2050:
991:. On 27 November 1978, a central committee consisting of seven people was elected, with Abdullah Öcalan as its head. Other members were: Şahin Dönmez,
10532:
4734:
4636:
12978:
12020:
7403:
3378:
2955:
12511:
Arin, Kubilay Yado, Turkey and the Kurds – From War to Reconciliation? UC Berkeley Center for Right Wing Studies Working Paper Series, 26 March 2015
12247:
12151:
3190:
2683:
as a consequence of a change of tactics by Turkey and Syria's steady abandonment of support for the group. The group also had lost its support from
952:(ADYÖD), which would be banned the next year. Then a group around Öcalan split from the Turkish left and held extensive discussions focusing on the
13219:
13169:
13134:
8273:
6663:
6245:
2588:
1548:
1215:
14937:
9297:
4220:
3929:
1692:
who accused them of acting as a forefront of the PKK and to support the PKKs activities in Europe with its revenue. The Kurdish satellite channel
14215:
13487:
13427:
13374:
13144:
12553:
8570:
4066:
1596:
788:
12312:
1968:(OFAC) targeted the senior leadership of the PKK, designating Murat Karayılan, the head of the PKK, and high-ranking members Ali Riza Altun and
15048:
14408:
13339:
12091:
11497:
Akkaya, Ahmet Hamdi; Jongerden, Joost (2010). "The PKK in the 2000s: Continuity through Breaks?". In Casier, Marlies; Jongerden, Joost (eds.).
8426:
7912:
6372:
4823:"Gender equality and radical democracy: Contractions and conflicts in relation to the "new paradigm" within the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK)"
4672:
3288:
3165:
2315:
The following other countries and organizations have listed or otherwise labelled the PKK in an official capacity as a terrorist organization:
1588:
1478:
922:
445:
12482:
11714:
9818:
7773:
3883:
15017:
13194:
12933:
9067:
8523:
organization and its leader for twenty years, and it provided training facilities in the Beka'a Valley of Syrian-controlled northern Lebanon.
8136:
7095:
6939:
4509:
I am Turkish. I am a former government official. And I believe that the Kurdistan Workers' Party, the PKK... is not a terrorist organization.
3358:
3212:
2204:
2027:
which has monitored the organization's activities inside the EU has also claimed the organization's involvement in the trafficking of drugs.
1659:
where the Hunerkom, its cultural branch was based. During the 1990s, the PKK was able to organize blockades of highways and its sympathizers
433:
11688:
10051:
9949:
8931:
8754:
8456:
6911:
5963:
5285:
14122:
13098:
11104:
9789:
6968:
5196:
3259:
894:
7317:
7070:
11736:
9325:
9111:
8805:
6403:
1721:
1533:
1389:. According to Egemen Bezci and Nicholas Borroz, "he HDP's elections results . . . are a proxy indicator of popular support for the PKK".
12460:
11984:
8128:
4429:
1046:
The organization originated in the early 1970s from the radical left and drew its membership from other existing leftist groups, mainly
15185:
15023:
14419:
14310:
13656:
13651:
12749:
7120:
3353:
3169:
2926:
2695:
2528:
1203:
882:
796:
792:
11033:
9440:
4331:
3739:
1748:
The PKK has faced condemnation by some countries and human rights organizations for the killing of teachers and civil servants, using
853:
The PKK has been involved in armed clashes with Turkish security forces since 1979, but the full-scale insurgency did not begin until
15140:
14993:
14975:
13304:
10364:
6590:
6466:
6180:
6132:
5860:
3368:
3283:
3177:
3161:
2763:
2698:
for a month in order to facilitate peace negotiations with Turkey. At an other press conference which took place on 16 April 1993 in
1981:
1074:
823:
ruled that the PKK was classified as a terror organization without due process. Nevertheless, the EU has maintained the designation.
201:
13364:
9883:
9407:
3628:
2646:
were continued from the first stage. Turkish sources had also stated that the PKK carried out kidnappings of tourists, primarily in
2091:
The Republic of Cyprus has been instrumental in helping Greece supply arms to the PKK. Further suspicion of support was stated when
14828:
14163:
13603:
13598:
13070:
12794:
12642:
12569:
12173:
10736:
9670:
8250:
5219:
3565:
2791:
1450:
1161:, in charge of the movement's military operations signifying the long-standing solidarity among Kurds from all parts of Kurdistan.
1047:
885:
with the Turkish state. The ceasefire broke down in July 2015. Both the PKK and the Turkish state have been accused of engaging in
804:
12384:
12069:
10624:
9649:
5025:
3153:
guarantees. The leadership of Iraqi Kurdistan has condemned the Turkish airstrikes in its autonomous region in the north of Iraq.
2318:
Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Canada, Czech Republic, Iran, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, New Zealand, Spain, Syria and Iraq.
15075:
14926:
14452:
13529:
13008:
7505:
6723:"The renewed Turkey-PKK conflict has shattered the illusion that Kurds can participate legitimately in Turkey's political system"
1792:
By 2020, 40% of the fighting force were women. In much of rural Turkey, where male-dominated tribal structures, and conservative
941:
in a capitalist world. In 1973, several students who later would become founders of the PKK established the student organization
11573:
9141:
7849:
5305:
4008:
2714:
also attended and declared their support for the ceasefire. The ceasefire ended after the Turkish army killed 13 PKK members in
15145:
14413:
14168:
12782:
12280:
10187:
10079:
7876:
4668:"Kurds in Turkey and in (Iraqi) Kurdistan: A Comparison of Kurdish Educational Language Policy in Two Situations of Occupation"
1685:
1529:
902:
820:
538:
11013:
9057:
8965:
1700:
and had to end its activities in Germany in 2008. The PKK has received political support for a lift of its prohibition by the
15090:
14816:
14750:
14286:
13058:
13034:
12695:
10516:
8905:
6772:
4267:
3943:
3829:
2192:
1676:
1567:
1470:
1446:
1430:
1382:
918:
15070:
10225:
9591:
7739:
6488:
5263:
4463:
1604:(BDP) or the HDP were often prosecuted and sentenced to prison term for their alleged support of the PKK. The possession of
15080:
14730:
14501:
14331:
13354:
12006:
11805:
10148:
10125:
5873:
4400:
3001:
2985:
2654:
operations against the PKK, accompanied by political measures, starting with an explicit denunciation of separatism in the
2302:
2275:
1985:
1407:
11612:
8629:
8195:"The nexus among terrorists, narcotics traffickers, weapons proliferators, and organized crime networks in Western Europe"
2954:. As part of the civil war, many PKK fighters laid down arms in Turkey and moved to Syria, facilitating the creation of a
2884:, then it was renamed in the "Democratic Opening" to appease nationalist interests and then the "National Unity Project".
2786:, although significant barriers remain. At the same time, the PKK was blacklisted in many countries. On 2 April 2004, the
14863:
14792:
14637:
14473:
14208:
13472:
13402:
12950:
12866:
10819:
9697:
5522:"The Paradox of Legitimacy: Resilience, Successes, and the Multiple Identities of the Kurdistan Workers' Party in Turkey"
4521:
4180:
3856:
3333:
811:
799:). Although the PKK initially sought an independent Kurdish state, in the 1990s its official platform changed to seeking
578:
9972:
15095:
14810:
14643:
14631:
14553:
13279:
12647:
12607:
12118:
11668:
11643:
11550:
11506:
11478:
11299:
11272:
11212:
10829:
10802:
10720:
10683:
10658:
10468:
10347:
10304:
9450:
8515:
8358:
7681:
6604:
6355:
6287:
6226:
5919:
5844:
5816:
5788:
5722:
5691:
5504:
5472:
5354:
5004:
4930:
4707:
4194:
3964:
2726:
2600:
2479:
Variant of the flag of the People's Liberation Army of Kurdistan (ARGK), inscribed with the group's acronym (1986–1999)
2291:
2155:. As of 2008, Russia is still not among the states that list PKK as a terrorist group despite intense Turkish pressure.
1760:
since 2013. Some children were recruited under the age of 15, constituting a war crime according to international law.
1438:
1386:
1305:, YJA-STAR) was established in 2004 as the women's armed wing of the PKK, emphasizing the issue of women's liberation.
13289:
9377:
7512:
7142:
7047:
4305:
4114:
3637:
The PKK has explicitly renounced its demand for an independent state... describes as 'an anti-Nationalist movement '
1190:
862:
15180:
14852:
14648:
14292:
14276:
13016:
11523:
10852:
9666:
8400:
3774:
2920:
2267:
2152:
2036:
1413:
553:
12510:
9624:
8883:
7452:
5712:
14967:
14840:
14804:
12891:
12860:
9902:
9272:"State Department Maintains Foreign Terrorist Organization (FTO) Designation of the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK)"
7170:
3373:
2326:
1989:
1965:
914:
13437:
6854:
4690:
4667:
2187:
summoned the Austrian ambassador and condemned Austria's action. On 30 September 1995, while Öcalan was in Syria,
15150:
15135:
15011:
13462:
11761:
7195:
4605:
3348:
3323:
3173:
2405:
1645:
Since the PKK is forbidden in germany, its logo isn't allowed to be shown there. At a political demonstration in
1627:
980:
as "Mountain Turks" until 1991. The PKK was then formed, as part of a growing discontent over the suppression of
568:
409:
12438:
12331:
12042:
6704:
5125:"The Kurdish Workers Party (PKK) as Criminal Syndicate: Funding Terrorism through Organized Crime, A Case Study"
3799:
3653:
2881:
2473:
1522:
in Turkey, allegations have been made that the PKK is linked to elements of the Turkish intelligence community.
1341:
with the support of the Syrian government. In the third party congress of October 1986, the PKK established the
15085:
14587:
14430:
14201:
13573:
13457:
11428:
11399:
11372:
11245:
10775:
10491:
9601:
9005:
8165:
7798:
6832:
6513:
5407:
5293:
4874:
4579:
3450:
3299:
2779:
2775:
2330:
2286:
1500:
1474:
325:
13442:
13108:
13040:
9790:"Statement of Case to Renew the Designation of Partiya Karkeren Kurdistan [PKK] as a Terrorist Entity"
7711:
7530:
7214:
6321:
2623:– HRK) was announced on 15 August 1984. From 1984, the PKK became a paramilitary group with training camps in
2580:
2568:
2095:
was caught with a diplomatic Cypriot passport issued under the name of Mavros Lazaros, a nationalist reporter.
957:
843:
15100:
15029:
14496:
14382:
14370:
14224:
13875:
11923:
11835:
10857:
8224:
5629:
4468:
3317:
3311:
3239:
3204:
2787:
2355:
1453:
have been criticized of sympathizing with the PKK, since they have refused to brand it as a terrorist group.
385:
14387:
13942:
13129:
12519:. London: Published jointly by Kurdistan Solidarity Committee and Kurdistan Information Centre, 1991. 46 p.
11783:
7716:
3757:
The PKK has an estimated 5,000 fighters stationed largely in Iraqi Kurdish region's rugged mountainous areas
2702:, Lebanon, the ceasefire was prolonged indefinitely. To this event, the Kurdish politicians Jamal Talabani,
1984:(Kingpin Act). Pursuant to the Kingpin Act, the designation freezes any assets the designees may have under
15160:
14738:
14719:
14592:
14513:
14457:
14153:
13947:
13417:
13387:
12915:
12637:
11896:
10906:
10540:
5169:
3817:
The exact number of fighters in the PKK is unknown, however, it is widely believed to be approximately 7000
3029:
2278:. In 2018, the United States also offered a $ 12 million reward for information on three PKK leaders.
2016:
457:
222:
9420:
7265:
5589:
14822:
14786:
14774:
14598:
14507:
13028:
12732:
12632:
10933:"Joint statement concerning the killing of Tahir Elçi and lack of effective investigation into his death"
10390:
9763:
8317:
7291:
3398:
3328:
3164:
with nine other Kurdish and Turkish revolutionary leftist, socialist and communist groups (including the
2252:
1466:
1426:
866:
768:
397:
349:
188:
13492:
13329:
8295:
6242:
5570:
Turkey's Kurdish Question Revisited; Perspectives of Kurdish Political Parties Towards the Kurdish Issue
2759:
14798:
14780:
14689:
14462:
14447:
14441:
14143:
14138:
13412:
12945:
12763:
12675:
11962:
11862:
11150:
8318:"Treasury Sanctions Supporters of the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) Tied to Drug Trafficking in Europe"
8245:
6726:
6058:
5780:
5338:
4922:
4328:"MOFA: Implementation of the Measures including the Freezing of Assets against Terrorists and the Like"
4186:
4023:"MOFA: Implementation of the Measures including the Freezing of Assets against Terrorists and the Like"
3769:
2809:
2612:
1345:
in the Beqaa Valley. After Turkey pressured Syria to enforce its closure in 1992, the academy moved to
1262:
149:
14117:
13467:
13299:
11949:
11291:
The Kurdish question in Turkey : new perspectives on violence, representation, and reconciliation
10976:
9531:
3596:
984:, in an effort to establish linguistic, cultural, and political rights for Turkey's Kurdish minority.
14846:
14626:
14304:
14247:
13967:
13422:
13052:
12903:
9866:"NATO deal with Sweden and Finland: Ankara celebrates 'national victory,' worries mount in Stockholm"
9062:
8630:"Conflict, politics and history: Why Turkey is standing in the way of Sweden and Finland's NATO bids"
5935:
3601:
3338:
3146:. The PKK has blamed Turkey for breaking the truce by bombing the PKK in 2014 and 2015 continuously.
2393:
2381:
2334:
1601:
1362:
847:
361:
337:
13324:
11182:
11136:
11090:
6564:
6380:
6274:
3904:
1980:
and other high-ranking members as Specially Designated Narcotics Traffickers (SDNT) pursuant to the
1532:, said that Öcalan was released in 1972 after just three months' detention on the initiative of the
1001:
917:, many militants of the revolutionary left were deprived of a public appearance, movements like the
14762:
14756:
14744:
14620:
13719:
13482:
13452:
13314:
13064:
13046:
13022:
12690:
11710:
6165:
5039:
2880:
after the DTP won 99 municipalities and negotiations were spoken about. The AKP first spoke of the
2140:
2008:
1462:
1442:
1434:
1422:
1234:
1081:
1055:
236:
14033:
13997:
13624:
8296:"Treasury Designates Five Leaders of the Kongra-Gel as Specially Designated Narcotics Traffickers"
8246:"Treasury Designates Three Leaders of the Kongra-Gel as Significant Foreign Narcotics Traffickers"
7103:
6882:
3724:
3690:
3149:
In August 2015, the PKK announced that they would accept another ceasefire with Turkey only under
2220:
14834:
14701:
14519:
14485:
14479:
14435:
14376:
14298:
13229:
13184:
13179:
13174:
12879:
12680:
12271:"Will Erdogan's backtracking torpedo PKK disarmament? – Al-Monitor: the Pulse of the Middle East"
9720:"Implementation of the Measures including the Freezing of Assets against Terrorists and the Like"
9215:
9112:"bölücü terör örgütü PKK Haberleri | Son Dakika bölücü terör örgütü PKK Gelişmeleri – Mynet"
8935:
7673:
6106:
5971:
5124:
3388:
3343:
2864:
2707:
2563:
1757:
1458:
1418:
1394:
1350:
827:
558:
543:
373:
14073:
13957:
13608:
6978:
5497:
The Settlement Issue in Turkey and the Kurds: An Analysis of Spatial Policies, Modernity and War
3216:
2971:
2343:
1756:
has documented 29 cases of children being recruited into the HPG (the PKK's armed wing) and the
1736:. The PKK divides the combat area within Turkey into several regions which comprise a number of
1070:
14713:
14392:
13749:
13661:
13497:
13397:
13359:
13309:
13244:
13149:
10821:
The Kurdish Question in Turkey: New Perspectives on Violence, Representation and Reconciliation
9119:
8670:
8350:
3462:
3277:
2655:
1716:
1544:
1342:
1314:
1023:
256:
175:
13840:
13825:
13344:
11237:
11204:
9999:
9033:
8997:
8991:
8809:
8723:
8102:
8068:
7005:
6916:
6411:
6140:
5834:
5806:
5774:
2719:
2176:
1611:
14695:
13972:
13754:
13334:
13234:
13159:
12776:
11315:
11169:
11123:
11077:
10170:
8140:
6192:
5940:
5905:
5102:
3629:"The Kurdish Movement in Turkey: Between Political Differentiation and Violent Confrontation"
3393:
3223:
2751:
2426:
1353:, the PKK moved all its camps to Northern Iraq in 1998. The PKK had also completely moved to
1294:
1182:
421:
241:
162:
10792:
8342:
8194:
5568:
5462:
4786:
4022:
3143:
14896:
14336:
13519:
13392:
13249:
13214:
12662:
12652:
12627:
12612:
12354:"PKK urges US to mediate in its war with Turkey and admits to secret talks with Washington"
11058:
9719:
8225:"Organizational Structure Of PKK And Non-PKK-linked Turkish Drug Trafficking Organizations"
7944:
6814:
Immigration Appeals: 2nd – 3rd Quarter (2004), by Great Britain Immigration Appeal Tribunal
6276:
The Kurdish movement in Turkey: between political differentiation and violent confrontation
6257:
5043:
4760:"European Court: decisions placing the PKK on the list of terrorist organizations annulled"
4659:
4354:
4327:
3834:
3532:
3454:
3296:– secular, leftist, nationalist movement among the Assyrian people
2664:
2635:
2244:
2144:
1805:
1337:
The first training camps were established in 1982 in Turkey, Iraq, Syria, Iran and also in
1012:
953:
886:
831:
274:
14999:
13982:
13977:
13830:
13319:
13154:
12522:
9421:"UK's May uses phrase 'Kurdish terrorism' during Erdogan visit as Kurds protest in London"
7344:"Selahattin Demirtaş's book cited as evidence of 'membership in a terrorist organization'"
4182:
Violence and Restraint in Civil War: Civilian Targeting in the Shadow of International Law
3305:
3208:
2329:, Turkey has opposed their admission to the alliance unless they crack down on local PKK,
2285:
in 2002, the PKK was ordered to be removed from the EU terror list on 3 April 2008 by the
1697:
8:
14911:
14891:
14425:
14112:
13524:
13507:
13502:
13407:
13284:
12920:
12617:
12385:"Iraq Kurds condemn Turkish airstrikes on PKK – Al-Monitor: the Pulse of the Middle East"
9944:
9744:. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Kazakhstan Today, Interfax-Kazakhstan. 12 October 2006
9399:
6047:"Why Religious People Support Ethnic Insurgency? Kurds, Religion and Support for the PKK"
5911:
4496:
4242:
3994:
3950:
3804:
3096:
2891:
announced Iran would co-operate with Turkey in some military operations against the PKK.
2172:
2103:
From early 1979 to 1999, Syria had provided valuable safe havens to PKK in the region of
1737:
1636:
1592:
835:
230:
17:
14043:
14018:
13987:
13937:
13907:
13139:
9840:
8097:
8063:
7000:
3675:
3264:
3069:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
2461:
1245:
The PKK has an armed wing, originally formed in 1984 as the Kurdistan Freedom Brigades (
972:, and names, were banned in Turkey. In an attempt to deny their separate existence from
14906:
14901:
14173:
14063:
13447:
13432:
13382:
12602:
11417:
11197:
11034:"European Court of Human Rights: Turkey Ranks First in Violations in between 1959–2011"
10594:
10442:
10271:
10056:
9977:
9403:
9028:
8993:
The Kurdish Nationalist Movement in the 1990s: Its Impact on Turkey and the Middle East
8787:
8695:
8045:
7994:
7986:
6887:
6169:
6161:
6088:
5549:
5360:
5144:
5070:
4898:
4866:
4699:
4382:
3720:
3706:
3124:
3120:
2762:, but this was later commuted to life imprisonment as part of the government's seeking
2755:
2743:
2739:
2659:
2651:
2338:
2298:
2225:
2163:
The Dutch police reportedly raided the 'PKK paramilitary camp' in the Dutch village of
2035:
In 2008, according to information provided by the Intelligence Resource Program of the
1753:
1729:
1701:
784:
293:
284:
13815:
13694:
13689:
12483:"Istanbul Attack: Suspect Arrested After Six People Killed, Govt Says PKK Responsible"
12195:
12119:"Iraq Crisis: Kurds Push to Take Mosul Dam as U.S. Gains Controversial Guerrilla Ally"
11444:
7241:"Prosecutors investigate 'PKK symbols' in new layout of recreational park in İstanbul"
6621:
5399:
Autonomy, sovereignty, and self-determination: the accommodation of conflicting rights
4947:
3227:
3107:
2997:
2930:
2838:
2092:
1145:
1039:
926:
858:
76:
64:
14684:
14058:
13764:
13734:
12955:
12670:
12622:
12406:
11900:
11867:
11813:
11664:
11639:
11581:
11560:
Executive Council. The chairman of the 31-member Executive Council is Murat Karayılan
11557:; Interview in English dated 29 April 2010. In this interview Zübeyir Aydar stated: "
11502:
11474:
11424:
11395:
11368:
11295:
11268:
11241:
11230:
11208:
10962:
10825:
10798:
10771:
10764:
10716:
10679:
10654:
10586:
10512:
10487:
10481:
10464:
10343:
10300:
10263:
9597:
9446:
9225:
9220:
9001:
8687:
8511:
8354:
8343:
8073:
8049:
8037:
7998:
7978:
7928:
7677:
7626:
7592:
7426:
7378:
6782:
6777:
6679:
6639:
6600:
6351:
6283:
6222:
6092:
6080:
6002:
5915:
5840:
5812:
5784:
5718:
5687:
5541:
5500:
5468:
5403:
5364:
5350:
5289:
5227:
5148:
5000:
4975:
4926:
4870:
4838:
4703:
4437:
4386:
4374:
4190:
3896:
3861:
3744:
3408:
2783:
2624:
2485:
2438:
1583:
1552:
1540:
1322:
1220:
938:
870:
816:
776:
765:
50:
14078:
13739:
13103:
11499:
Nationalisms and Politics in Turkey: Political Islam, Kemalism and the Kurdish Issue
10446:
10195:
9912:. Centre for Economics and Foreign Policy Studies (EDAM). p. 10. Archived from
9741:
6592:
Nationalisms and Politics in Turkey: Political Islam, Kemalism and the Kurdish Issue
5836:
Nationalisms and Politics in Turkey: Political Islam, Kemalism and the Kurdish Issue
3585:[... the PKK, which is now more strongly influenced by Kurdish nationalism.]
3242:
2834:
1111:, which translates into Long Live leader Apo, is often chanted by his sympathizers.
1107:
14916:
14768:
14158:
13952:
13922:
13349:
13124:
12960:
12685:
10578:
10483:
Iraq and the War of Sanctions: Conventional Threats and Weapons of Mass Destruction
10432:
10424:
9071:
8909:
8679:
8029:
7970:
7191:
7138:
7116:
7024:
6629:
6538:
6188:
6070:
6062:
5533:
5342:
5191:
5136:
4965:
4955:
4830:
4366:
3710:
3702:
3500:
3483:
2993:
2965:
2947:
2899:
2888:
2538:
2233:
2049:
level of support given has changed throughout this period. Between the PKK and the
2003:
1949:
1656:
1519:
1513:
1354:
1298:
1266:
1254:
1246:
1230:
1185:
for PKK organizations in different segments of the Kurdish population, such as the
1170:
1051:
965:
874:
854:
563:
548:
215:
14023:
13759:
9625:"Azerbaijan officially recognizes PKK as terrorist organization – Aliyev – PHOTOS"
8033:
6786:
2200:
1969:
462:
15024:
People's Liberation Party-Front of Turkey/Marxist–Leninist Armed Propaganda Union
14604:
14148:
13477:
13239:
13209:
13199:
12221:
11718:
11554:
11389:
11362:
11289:
11262:
11020:
10428:
10290:
9302:
9159:
8987:
8759:
8379:
7824:
7202:
7149:
7127:
6249:
5681:
5654:
5397:
5312:
5165:
4994:
4916:
4860:
3383:
3013:
2951:
2825:
In November 2003, another congress was held which lead to renaming itself as the
2628:
2346:
said that Sweden made a "promise" to extradite "73 terrorists" wanted by Turkey.
2196:
2121:
1869:
1705:
1672:
1668:
1660:
1226:
981:
961:
780:
251:
68:
14068:
14053:
14048:
14038:
13962:
13932:
13912:
13820:
13744:
13724:
11547:
8932:"The originator of the acts of terrorism in London was standing near Tony Blair"
8017:
7479:
5098:
4158:
3548:
Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) ... militant Kurdish nationalist organization ...
2842:
2730:
2184:
2120:
In the 1990s Abdullah Öcalan appreciated the support for the "Kurdish Cause" by
1563:
1525:
1483:
992:
14491:
13927:
13917:
13870:
13865:
13855:
13729:
13709:
13204:
10884:
10562:
10084:
10026:
8478:
7877:"Turkey: monitoring the HPG/PKK's prohibition on using children in hostilities"
6310:
4822:
4405:
3446:
2691:
2684:
2608:
2604:
2584:
2282:
1891:
1798:
1749:
1689:
1559:
1158:
1130:
1085:
973:
898:
725:
608:
510:
106:
14013:
13992:
13800:
13699:
10582:
8683:
7974:
6066:
5402:(Rev. ed.). Philadelphia: Univ. of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 187–189.
5346:
5140:
3135:
2668:
1973:
1664:
1571:
81:
15064:
14558:
14315:
14281:
13845:
13835:
13224:
13189:
11419:
The Kurdish Conflict in Turkey: Obstacles and Chances for Peace and Democracy
10590:
10267:
9229:
8691:
8328:
8041:
7982:
7630:
7596:
7430:
7382:
6643:
6084:
6006:
5545:
5286:
The Kurdish conflict in Turkey: obstacles and chances for peace and democracy
5231:
4979:
4842:
4441:
4378:
4370:
3900:
3150:
2638:, the PKK has conducted bomb attacks on government and police installations.
2596:
2497:
2208:
1606:
1325:
news agency reported the establishment of the women's branch of the YPS, the
1178:
1150:
1120:
988:
634:
484:
479:
246:
96:
13805:
13785:
5746:"Turkish lecturer to be put on trial for posing exam question on PKK leader"
5537:
4637:"The Motion before Turkey's Constitutional Court to Ban the Pro-Kurdish HDP"
2703:
1768:
1069:
The PKK has in March 2016 also vowed to overthrow the Turkish government of
869:(KCK), an umbrella organisation of Kurdish organisations in Turkish, Iraqi,
91:
13860:
13810:
13714:
11928:
11840:
9475:"Les Kurdes de France victimes d'un "amalgame ethnique" avec le PKK ?"
9425:
8661:
6626:
European Journal of Turkish Studies. Social Sciences on Contemporary Turkey
5901:
5750:
5048:
4952:
European Journal of Turkish Studies. Social Sciences on Contemporary Turkey
2790:
added the PKK to its list of terrorist organizations. Later that year, the
2715:
2711:
2274:
called the PKK a terrorist group "plain and simple" and compared it to the
2129:
2104:
2070:
1977:
1864:
45.2% from Russia, 13.2% from United Kingdom, and 9.4% from United States.
1850:
1338:
1093:
86:
10862:
10794:
The Motivations of Female Suicide Bombers from a Communication Perspective
9298:"Joe Biden Says the PKK and the Islamic State Are Equal Threats to Turkey"
4492:"Trump says the PKK is worse than ISIS. I say he's wrong — and I'm a Turk"
2925:
In late 2012, the Turkish government began secret talks with Öcalan for a
2634:
In addition to skirmishing with Turkish military, police forces and local
2297:
The PKK is also a Proscribed Organisation in the United Kingdom under the
881:
and began slowly withdrawing its fighters to Iraqi Kurdistan as part of a
775:
but is now primarily based in the mountainous Kurdish-majority regions of
13902:
13795:
13704:
12457:"Peoples' United Revolutionary Movement established for a joint struggle"
11105:"The European Court of Human Rights: Case of Benzer and others v. Turkey"
10958:
10247:
9628:
8395:
7587:
7020:
6944:
5423:
4827:
Anatoli. De l'Adriatique à la Caspienne. Territoires, Politique, Sociétés
4353:
Haner, Murat; Cullen, Francis T.; Benson, Michael L. (13 February 2019).
3017:
2305:
1776:
1504:
Iraq the political party Tevgera Azadî is said to have close to the PKK.
1208:
1181:
wing, with the role of both creating propaganda for the party, and as an
1154:
905:
and massacred Kurdish civilians in an attempt to root out PKK militants.
819:
as supporting terrorist activities by the PKK. Both in 2008 and 2018 the
738:
101:
14193:
10275:
10251:
9913:
8791:
5553:
5521:
4834:
4067:"Netanyahu rejects claim PKK not terrorists, but supports Kurdish state"
3583:... der inzwischen stärker durch kurdischen Nationalismus geprägten PKK.
2817:
According to Paul White, in April 2002, the PKK changed its name to the
2567:
this period was characterized by violent clashes that culminated in the
2079:
1477:
which resulted in its closure on 11 December 2009. In 2021, against the
1281:
13850:
13790:
12275:
11711:
Prospects for Resolution of the Kurdish Question: A Realist Perspective
10598:
10566:
10437:
8775:
8699:
8665:
7990:
7958:
7480:"29. Juni 2004 – Vor 5 Jahren: Abdullah Öcalan wird zum Tod verurteilt"
6773:"Eski Dışişleri Bakanı Hikmet Çetin: PKK'nın temeli 12 Eylül'de atıldı"
6075:
4970:
4862:
Turkey and the European Union internal dynamics and external challenges
3715:
2976:
2639:
2248:
1733:
1496:
1089:
12332:"Turkey arrests hundreds of suspected terrorists, Prime Minister says"
11924:"Kurds dare to hope as PKK fighters' ceasefire with Turkey takes hold"
11836:"Kurds dare to hope as PKK fighters' ceasefire with Turkey takes hold"
9841:"Iraq bans PKK after high level security talks with Turkish officials"
6745:"Democratic representation of pro-Kurdish political parties in Turkey"
6634:
5683:
Blood and belief : the PKK and the Kurdish fight for independence
3235:
1936:
Parties and concerts are organized by branch groups. According to the
14881:
14365:
14028:
13550:
12421:"Turkey's Campaign Against Kurdish Militants Takes Toll on Civilians"
10713:
After Such Knowledge, what Forgiveness?: My Encounters with Kurdistan
10651:
Turkey's Kurds: A Theoretical Analysis of the PKK and Abdullah Ocalan
10296:
9578:
listed in Australia (as a terrorist organization) on 17 December 2005
9250:
9186:
6596:
5334:
4960:
4221:"Turkey spy agency denies role in Paris Kurds murder, launches probe"
3930:"Turkey spy agency denies role in Paris Kurds murder, launches probe"
3458:
3293:
3254:
2491:
Flag of the National Liberation Front of Kurdistan (ERNK) (1985–2000)
2271:
2167:
and arrested 29 people in November 2004, but all were soon released.:
1957:, Germany's domestic security agency, echoed this report in its 2011
1912:
1781:
1646:
1186:
878:
839:
772:
712:
261:
14857:
12403:"Scores killed in clashes between Turkish forces and Kurdish rebels"
9884:"Sweden refuses to deny deportations to Turkey as part of NATO deal"
9767:
9058:"The West and Terrorism: PKK as a Privileged Terrorist Organization"
8755:"Ocalan tells Turks of Greek arms and training for PKK, say reports"
7318:"Prosecutor deems Demirtaş's book 'terrorist organization document'"
7292:"Former head of Turkey pro-Kurdish party sentenced to 4 years in..."
5686:(1. ed.). New York: New York University Press. pp. 287–8.
5603:
4522:"The Case for Delisting the PKK as a Foreign Terrorist Organization"
4111:"Listed terrorist organisations | Australian National Security"
10676:
The Kurdish National Movement in Turkey: From Protest to Resistance
10618:"Turkey, Europe and the Kurds after the capture of Abdullah Öcalan"
10509:
The Kurdish National Movement in Turkey: From Protest to Resistance
9191:
9160:"Olof Palme murder: Sweden believes it knows who killed PM in 1986"
8483:
7854:
7457:
6859:
6348:
The Kurdish National Movement in Turkey: From Protest to Resistance
3231:
2699:
2647:
2643:
2559:
2543:
2509:
2321:
In May 2022, Finland and Sweden submitted applications to join the
2188:
2180:
2019:
troops raised a large banner of Abdullah Öcalan in the city centre.
1696:
was also accused of being a branch of the PKK by Interior Minister
1680:
1358:
1346:
1286:
1125:
969:
890:
850:
and the PKK was portrayed trying to convince Turks of being Kurds.
800:
761:
9817:. Expatica. Agence France-Presse. 12 February 2013. Archived from
9766:(in French). Azerbaijan Press Agency. 12 June 2008. Archived from
2615:(KDP) in Iraqi Kurdistan which would facilitate their activities.
2243:
In the 1980s, the PKK was labeled as a terror organization by the
14538:
14232:
11264:
Kurdish awakening : nation building in a fragmented homeland
10737:"Rights Group Decries Missed Opportunity to Prosecute PKK Leader"
8327:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
6973:
6205:...Öcalan sends messages to his guerrillas through his lawyers...
6133:"Zoroastrianism and Secularity in Sinjar / Multiple Secularities"
5831:
Akkaya, Ahmet Hamdi; Jongerden, Joost. "The PKK in the 2000s" in
3008:
2989:
2946:
criticized Turkey of waging a proxy war against Kurds during the
2164:
2073:
in October 1988 along with parliamentarians from the center-left
2066:
2024:
1937:
1899:
1488:
1326:
1189:, workers, youth, and women. It was dissolved in 1999, after the
12295:"Turkey, US to create 'ISIL-free zone' inside Syria – DIPLOMACY"
12007:"Americans Shouldn't Accept Erdogan's Cynical Stance on the PKK"
10292:
Blood and Belief: The PKK and the Kurdish Fight for Independence
10218:"Kahramanlık Çizgisi Kürt Halkının Özgür Kimliğidir! – YJA STAR"
8345:
Blood and belief: the PKK and the Kurdish fight for independence
7740:"Foreign diplomats, countries condemn Cizre attack – World News"
5254:"Turkey must face a reckoning for its crimes in Iraqi Kurdistan"
4464:"US should follow Belgium's lead and end PKK terror designation"
2966:
2014 action against Islamic State and renewed tensions in Turkey
2725:
The fighting and violence augmented significantly following the
2467:
Flag of the People's Defense Forces (HPG, Formerly HRK and ARGK)
2349:
1877:
85% from Russia, 5.4% from Iraq, and 2.5% from China in origin.
865:. In May 2007, serving and former members of the PKK set up the
14921:
14663:
14524:
12587:
11414:
11009:
9903:"An Audit of Power: Turkey's Leverage in the Post Soviet Space"
9764:"Le Kirghizistan a connu PKK comme une organisation terroriste"
8540:"Syria and Iran 'backing Kurdish terrorist group', says Turkey"
8508:
Turkish Accession to the EU: Satisfying the Copenhagen Criteria
7669:
Rebel Courts: The Administration of Justice by Armed Insurgents
7348:
5331:
Understanding Insurgency: Popular Support for the PKK in Turkey
4948:"Knowledge, ideology and power. Deconstructing Kurdish Studies"
3466:
3021:
2555:
2312:
technicalities in French law, frustrating Turkish authorities.
1993:
1882:
1793:
1693:
1377:
1214:) was established in Germany under the lead of the music group
930:
686:
647:
595:
497:
10052:"Belgian government defies ruling of its supreme court on PKK"
9406:. UK Public General Acts. Vol. 2000 c. 11. 20 July 2000.
8375:"Kurdish fighters raise flag of PKK leader in centre of Raqqa"
8018:"Exceptional Inclusion: Understanding the PKK's Gender Policy"
7583:"Roj TV und PKK: Der Kurdensender, der Schäubles Zorn erregte"
7531:"Germany bans Kurdish PKK publishing houses | DW | 12.02.2019"
7121:
Tayyar's new book reveals PKK's ties with Turkish intelligence
6940:"Prosecutor's indictment notes no difference between HDP, PKK"
5592:," CEU Political Science Journal. Vol. 3, No. 1, page 127–132.
4043:. Australian National Security. 17 August 2012. Archived from
3116:
2290:
subject to "specific measures to combat terrorism" under its
1253:, HRK), renamed to the People's Liberation Army of Kurdistan (
14886:
14707:
14572:
12939:
12709:
12144:"Kurdish militants claim deadly ambush in Turkey's southeast"
11605:"The Kurdistan Freedom Falcons Emerges as a Rival to the PKK"
10907:"Turkey and War in Iraq: Avoiding Past Patterns of Violation"
10602:
10080:"Turkey summons Belgian ambassador in Ankara over PKK ruling"
8703:
8002:
7766:"PKK claims deadly suicide bombing at Turkish police station"
5907:
Turkey and the War on Terror: For Forty Years We Fought Alone
5258:
4910:
4908:
4606:"Under threat from Turkey, is the PKK changing its strategy?"
3830:"Assyrian Nationalists Cooperate with Kurdish PKK Insurgents"
3740:"Kurd vs Kurd: Fears of full-scale war rise in northern Iraq"
3403:
2903:
2592:
2354:
Russia has long ignored Turkish pressure to ban the PKK. The
2074:
2054:
2012:
1841:
1318:
1034:
977:
937:
The new group focused on the oppressed Kurdish population of
758:
699:
660:
11337:"Justice Comes from European Court for a Kurdish Journalist"
9318:"Turkey hails US stance on PKK leaders, seeks same in Syria"
5608:
Working Paper at UC Berkeley's Center for Right-Wing Studies
4946:
Scalbert-Yücel, Clémence; Ray, Marie Le (31 December 2006).
3238:
district that left at least six people dead and 81 injured.
3142:, criticized by the PKK of having links with ISIS after the
1907:
72% from Russia, 19.8% from United States, 8% from Germany,
15121:
Organisations designated as terrorist by the United Kingdom
15111:
Organisations designated as terrorist by the European Union
14350:
14261:
12552:
12174:"Exclusive: Inside the PKK's front-line fight against ISIL"
12021:"Iraq's Kurdistan backs Turkey peace efforts – Middle East"
9593:
Terrorism as a challenge for national and international law
8192:
7618:
7419:"Debatte PKK-Verbot in Deutschland: Aus einer anderen Zeit"
7418:
7371:"Drastischer Protest: PKK bittet Deutschland um Verzeihung"
6825:"Party for a Democratic Society (DTP) and Others v. Turkey"
5994:
4430:"Stop Calling Our Closest Allies Against ISIS 'Terrorists'"
3972:
3139:
2322:
1825:
The choice and origin of the traceable weapons (July 2007)
1507:
673:
621:
523:
15126:
Organizations designated as terrorist by the United States
12323:
11950:
PKK fighters arrive in Iraq under peace deal – Middle East
6664:"Turkey Weighs Military Options Against PKK Camps in Iraq"
6459:"Interview with the World's First Army of Women: YJA-STAR"
6433:
6187:. Vol. 133, no. 19. Brunswickan Publishing Inc.
5467:(1. publ. ed.). Westport, Conn.: Praeger. p. 3.
4905:
4733:
Schomberg, William (3 April 2008). Robert Woodward (ed.).
3270:
2854:
hideouts in mountainous northern Iraq in early June 2004.
2053:(ASALA) a cooperation has been agreed on in April 1980 in
1964:
On 14 October 2009, the U.S. Department of the Treasury's
1853:, 14.7% from China, 3.6% from Hungary, 3.6% from Bulgaria
1225:. Its activities spread over Kurdish community centers in
12313:"Kurdish group claims 'revenge murder' on Turkish police"
11580:. Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias. Archived from
11492:
11490:
11364:
The Kurds of Turkey: killings, disappearances and torture
8298:. United States Department of the Treasury. 20 April 2011
7850:"PKK has complied with the Geneva Conventions since 1995"
7556:"Bundesinnenminister Horst Seehofer verbietet PKK-Verlag"
7023:" which led the crowd to chant "Long live Chairman Apo" (
6410:. Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias. Archived from
6379:. Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias. Archived from
6320:. Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias. Archived from
5044:"Military action and three deaths after Ocalan's capture"
4001:
3787:
The PKK is estimated to consist of 4,000 to 5,000 members
3215:) with the aim of overthrowing the Turkish government of
2148:
2136:
1321:(YDG-H), the youth wing of the PKK. In February 2016 the
11724:
8505:
6489:"University students join the ranks of YPS-Jin in Cizre"
6162:
Briefing on Release of 2006 Country Reports on Terrorism
4658:
3691:"The Rise of Feminism in the PKK: Ideology or Strategy?"
2503:
Former flag of the Free Women's Units of Star (YJA-STAR)
12196:"Kurds protest against Turkey as IS advances on Kobane"
11733:"Insight: Iraq's Tensions Heightened by Syria Conflict"
11548:
Zübeyir Aydar: 'Military operations are going to begin'
9021:
8648:"The U.S. Joins the Turkey-PKK fight in northern Syria"
8423:"6 reasons why Turkey's war against the PKK won't last"
8056:
7712:"Öğretmen Necmettin Yılmaz'ın Öldürülmesini Kınıyoruz!"
7404:"Verbot der "Arbeiterpartei Kurdistans" in Deutschland"
4642:
German Institute for International and Security Affairs
4580:"Turkey says 12 soldiers killed in PKK attacks in Iraq"
4578:
Agencies, The New Arab Staff & (23 December 2023).
3046:
Timeline of the Kurdish–Turkish conflict (2015–present)
2259:
In 1994, Germany prohibited the activities of the PKK.
1920:
60.8% from Italy, 28.3% from Russia, 6.2% from Germany
1649:
in April 2016 it had to be pasted over by police order.
1084:
views of its arrested leader, which aim to replace the
11487:
11236:(1st ed.). New York: St. Martin's Press. p.
10766:
Dying to Win: The Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism
10463:, Belgrade, The National Counter-Terrorism Committee,
7096:"Ecevit Kılıç: Derin devleti var eden Kürt korkusudur"
3857:"MLKP salutes the PKK on the anniversary of 15 August"
3569:(in German). 10 July 2020. p. 159. Archived from
3039:
2807:– ARGK) was succeeded by the People's Defense Forces (
2587:. The PKK also managed to come to agreements with the
2387:
Flag of the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) (1978–1995)
2147:
said that PKK's leader Abdullah Öcalan was trained by
1381:
Percentage of the popular vote won by the pro-Kurdish
12070:"Turkish Kurds Want Ankara to Declare Stance on ISIL"
11524:"Leading PKK Commander Cemil Bayik Crosses into Iran"
11391:
Turkey : violations of free expression in Turkey
10479:
9694:"Erdogan Back Home From His Tehran Visit Empty Hands"
6721:
Bezci, Egemen; Borroz, Nicholas (22 September 2015).
6026:
Karakoç, Ekrem; Sarıgil, Zeki (June 2020). pp.253–254
5220:"Kurds Are Finally Heard: Turkey Burned Our Villages"
4854:
4852:
4549:"It's time for the US to delist the PKK — here's why"
3892:
Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution
3494:
2183:
arrest warrant on his name. Turkish foreign minister
1955:
Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution
1169:
In 1985, the National Liberation Front of Kurdistan (
15171:
Organisations designated as terrorist by New Zealand
10027:"Belgian court rules in PKK's favor in terror cases"
9973:"For Switzerland, there are no terror organizations"
9815:"Spain arrests six Kurds suspected of financing PKK"
9742:"Kazakhstan Updates List of Banned Terrorist Groups"
9663:"Condemnation of the PKK terrorist attack in Turkey"
8806:"Cyprus News Agency: News in English (PM), 99-02-19"
8271:
8137:
International Policy Institute for Counter-Terrorism
8092:
8090:
5604:"Turkey and the Kurds – From War to Reconciliation?"
5042:; Kundnani, Hans; Morris, Chris (18 February 1999).
5038:
4355:"Women and the PKK: Ideology, Gender, and Terrorism"
2207:, says that US support of the PKK undermines the US
1595:
who signed a declaration in support of peace in the
15131:
Organizations based in Asia designated as terrorist
11963:"PKK sets ultimatum for Turkey peace deal – Europe"
10122:
State Office for the Protection of the Constitution
9722:. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. 5 July 2002
9187:"Was wir über den mutmaßlichen Palme-Mörder wissen"
8272:Friedrich, Hans-Peter; Heinz Fromm (18 July 2012).
3800:"Terrorism Profile – Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK)"
2679:From the mid-1990s, the organization began to lose
2215:
1959:
Annual Report on the Protection of the Constitution
1655:The PKK could count with a strong support from the
15106:Organisations designated as terrorist by Australia
13295:December 2007 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq
12459:. Firat News Agency. 12 March 2016. Archived from
12352:
11685:"Turkey, Iran to Cooperate Against Kurdish Rebels"
11416:
11229:
11196:
10763:
10149:"KONGRA GEL calls on people to step up resistance"
8597:"Russian newspaper: Russia provided money for PKK"
8538:
8123:
8121:
5808:The Kurdish Issue in Turkey: A Spatial Perspective
5093:
5091:
4849:
3695:Zanj: The Journal of Critical Global South Studies
2871:
2051:Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia
1943:
11985:"PKK threatens to renew fight in Turkey – Europe"
11287:
10817:
9216:"Åklagaren: Det går inte att komma runt Engström"
8845:"From Rep. of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs"
8320:. US Department of the Treasury. 1 February 2012.
8087:
7915:. Archived from the original on 15 September 2007
7215:"Turkey: Academics on Trial for Signing Petition"
6541:. Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
5805:Gambetti, Zeynep; Jongerden, Joost, eds. (2015).
5804:
4945:
4352:
3364:Marxist–Leninist Party (Communist Reconstruction)
2337:(YPG) networks. On 28 June, the first day of the
2281:First designated as a terror organization by the
1671:in November 1993. In a meeting between German MP
1547:, colluded with militant groups such as the PKK,
1401:
1393:The PKK could count on support from protests and
943:Ankara Democratic Association of Higher Education
15062:
14546:
13135:August 1986 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq
12330:Capelouto, Susanna; Tuysuz, Gul (25 July 2015).
12222:"Turkish jets bomb Kurdish PKK rebels near Iraq"
11261:Neuberger, Benyamin (2014). Bengio, Ofra (ed.).
9350:. European Court of First Instance. 3 April 2008
8349:. New York: New York University Press. pp.
7933:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
6684:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
6035:Karakoç, Ekrem; Sarıgil, Zeki (June 2020). p.253
5833:Marlies, Casier; Jongerden, Joost, eds. (2010).
5832:
5655:"Who are Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) rebels?"
5160:
5158:
2962:Turkish brothers to support the peace process."
2819:Kurdistan Freedom and Democracy Congress (KADEK)
2690:In March 1993 Öcalan, in presence of PUK leader
2589:Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine
2043:
1412:The organization had sympathizer parties in the
15176:Organizations designated as terrorist by Turkey
15156:Organizations designated as terrorist by Canada
13488:2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria
13428:March 2016 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq
13145:March 1987 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq
12449:
12329:
11496:
11394:. New York: Human Rights Watch. pp. 37–8.
11232:The Kurds: a people in search of their homeland
10853:"Group Profile: Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK)"
10715:. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. pp. 302–303.
9532:"Australia declares PKK terrorist organization"
8193:Glenn E. Curtis; Tara Karacan (December 2002).
8118:
7143:Tenth hearing of Ergenekon trial held yesterday
7044:"JİTEM's illegal actions cost Turkey a fortune"
6666:. Archived from the original on 7 November 2007
6588:
5088:
4787:"EU-Gericht: PKK zu Unrecht auf EU-Terrorliste"
1133:and saw it as the first religion of the Kurds.
901:, while Turkey has depopulated and burned down
15116:Organisations designated as terrorist by Japan
14469:Kurdistan Democratic Party – Progressive Front
14409:Action Party for the Independence of Kurdistan
11784:"Planned PKK pullout heats up Turkey politics"
10615:
10473:
9502:"Turkey and France to jointly fight terrorism"
8849:Republic of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs
8839:
8837:
8776:"The Kurdish Factor in Turkish Foreign Policy"
8510:. Hoboken: Taylor & Francis. p. 168.
8425:. Al-Monitor. 8 September 2015. Archived from
8276:. Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz. p. 342
8239:
8237:
7528:
6855:"BDP'nin adı Demokratik Bölgeler Partisi oldu"
6622:"The Production of the New Man Within the PKK"
6044:
4223:. Radio France Internationale. 16 January 2014
4215:
4213:
4137:"Proscribed terrorist groups or organisations"
3012:Mass demonstration for the PKK and freedom of
2950:by supporting other extremist rebels who were
2848:
826:The PKK's ideology was originally a fusion of
15166:Organisations designated as terrorist by Iran
14953:
14209:
12538:
12116:
10182:
10180:
10146:
9068:International Strategic Research Organization
8906:"MFA - III. International Sources of Support"
8736:
8734:
8533:
8531:
8160:
8158:
7959:"The Vacillating PKK: Can It Be Resurrected?"
6181:"Kurdish leader continues struggle from jail"
5155:
3308:, former far-left organization in Turkey
2350:Refusal to designate PKK as a terrorist group
2308:used the phrase "Kurdish terrorism" in 2018.
2175:, the wife of the former President of France
1164:
14123:Monument of the Martyrs of Internal Security
13667:2009–2010 Kurdistan Workers' Party ceasefire
12807:Democratic Society Coordination of Kurdistan
12439:"Turkey: Mounting Security Operation Deaths"
12067:
11515:
11408:
11051:
10845:
10784:
9029:"Avusturya teröristi uçakla Irak'a gönderdi"
8934:. Chechen Press. 11 May 2007. Archived from
8808:. Hellenic Resources Network. Archived from
8243:
7617:Werthschulte, Christian (5 September 2016).
7616:
6909:
6451:
6272:
6235:
5993:Werthschulte, Christian (5 September 2016).
5992:
5451:, (Cambridge University Press, 1999), 90–91.
5324:
5166:"Child Soldiers Global Report 2001 – Turkey"
4735:"EU was wrong to include PKK on terror list"
3626:
3428:Estimates range from 4,000 to 7,000 members.
3260:List of armed groups in the Syrian Civil War
3160:In March 2016, the PKK helped to launch the
2887:On 21 October 2011 Iranian foreign minister
1610:, a book authored by the political prisoner
13647:1991–2004 Kurdish–Turkish peace initiatives
12843:Freedom and Democracy Congress of Kurdistan
12248:"Turkey bombs Kurdish PKK targets in south"
12166:
11891:
11889:
11887:
11885:
11294:. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. p. 98.
11288:Gunes, Cengiz; Zeydanlioğlu, Welat (2014).
10818:Gunes, Cengiz; Zeydanlioglu, Welat (2013).
10616:van Bruinessen, Martin (25 February 2009).
10567:"A de facto Kurdish State in Northern Iraq"
10252:"Les paradoxes du printemps kurde en Syrie"
10173:. Geopoliticalmonitor.com. 15 October 2014.
10111:
10109:
10107:
10105:
10103:
8958:"Dutch police raid 'PKK paramilitary camp'"
8834:
8499:
8234:
7560:Bundesministerium des Innern und für Heimat
6912:"Verfassungsgericht verbietet Kurdenpartei"
6720:
6514:"YPS-Jin Gever announces its establishment"
6045:Karakoç, Ekrem; Sarıgil, Zeki (June 2020).
5327:"PKK Pre-conflict Mobilisation (1974–1984)"
4993:Michael, Gasper (2019). Lust, Ellen (ed.).
4210:
4161:. New Zealand Government. 18 February 2010.
2432:Flag of the Kongra-Gel (KGK) (2003–present)
2191:initiated contact with high-ranking German
1555:, with the goal of profiting from the war.
1543:said that the state, using the clandestine
1372:
1097:PKK are known, after his honorary name, as
838:, seeking the foundation of an independent
783:. Since 1984, the PKK has been involved in
27:Kurdish militant and political organization
15049:Communist Party of Turkey/Marxist–Leninist
14960:
14946:
14420:Democratic Patriotic Alliance of Kurdistan
14311:Organization of Iranian Kurdistan Struggle
14216:
14202:
13340:August 2011 Turkey–Iraq cross-border raids
12545:
12531:
12092:"Forming the anti-ISIL Front – VERDA ÖZER"
11897:"Baghdad opposes PKK armed groups in Iraq"
11863:"PKK sets date for withdrawal from Turkey"
11762:"Peace at the end of a long PKK struggle?"
11316:"Police arrest and assistance of a lawyer"
11064:(The European Court of Human Rights). 2014
10977:"Inside the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK)"
10963:"Torture and Oppression of Kurds in Syria"
10755:
10177:
10024:
8731:
8528:
8288:
8155:
7906:
7904:
7902:
7900:
7898:
6657:
6655:
6653:
6589:Casier, Marlies; Jongerden, Joost (2010).
4174:
4172:
4170:
4168:
3289:Communist Party of Turkey/Marxist–Leninist
3157:massive destruction in residential areas.
2914:
2803:the Peoples Liberation Army of Kurdistan (
2738:women after their death. On 30 July 1996,
2550:During the 1970s, the PKK was involved in
2542:PKK supporters at 2003 march opposing the
1570:, had frequent contact with PKK commander
1261:, ARGK) in 1986, and again renamed to the
1177:, ERNK) was established by the PKK as its
923:Communist Party of Turkey/Marxist–Leninist
14994:Communist Labour Party of Turkey/Leninist
14223:
13305:2008 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq
11756:
11754:
11721:" Insight Turkey 15 (Spring 2013): 69–84.
11361:Whitman, Lois (1993). Laber, Jeri (ed.).
11260:
11227:
10436:
10115:
9213:
8873:
8506:Faucompret, Erik; Konings, Jozef (2008).
8166:"EU Terrorism Situation and Trend Report"
7799:"Iraq: Armed Groups Using Child Soldiers"
7793:
7791:
7266:"Turkey: Crackdown on Kurdish Opposition"
7068:
6633:
6558:
6556:
6434:"Yekîneyên Jinên Azad ên Star – YJA STAR"
6154:
6074:
5894:
5776:Secularism and Muslim Democracy in Turkey
5494:
5391:
5389:
5189:
5122:
4969:
4959:
4820:
4784:
4764:Prakken d'Oliveira | Human Rights Lawyers
4732:
4320:
3714:
3284:Communist Labour Party of Turkey/Leninist
1982:Foreign Narcotics Kingpin Designation Act
14164:Human rights of Kurdish people in Turkey
13099:Political violence in Turkey (1976–1980)
12837:Women's Liberation Movement of Kurdistan
12268:
11882:
11415:Ferhad Ibrahim, Gülistan Gürbey (2000).
10951:
10100:
9499:
9142:"Terör örgütü PKK 35 yıldır kan döküyor"
8996:. University Press of Kentucky. p.
8624:
8622:
7947:, Volume 4, Issue 28, 11 September 2007.
7650:
6268:
6266:
5584:
5582:
5580:
5251:
4577:
4489:
3688:
3647:
3645:
3501:[pɑ:ɾti:jɑ:kɑ:ɾkɛre:nkʊrdɪstɑ:n]
3007:
2975:
2956:progressive Kurdish government in Rojava
2537:
2219:
2002:
1775:
1767:
1715:
1508:Reported links with Turkish intelligence
1376:
1280:
1033:
14927:List of Kurdish dynasties and countries
13657:1993 Kurdistan Workers' Party ceasefire
13530:October 2023 Northeastern Syria clashes
12554:Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978–present)
11661:The PKK: Coming Down from the Mountains
11636:The PKK: Coming Down from the Mountains
11360:
11026:
9627:. News.Az. 28 July 2011. Archived from
9564:. Australian Government. Archived from
9472:
9392:
9276:U.S. Embassy & Consulates in Turkey
8710:
8571:"N. Iraq: A New Page in Foreign Policy"
8015:
7895:
7697:
7695:
7693:
7665:
7315:
6738:
6736:
6705:Report Of The Committee Against Torture
6650:
6619:
6539:"The Workers' Party of Kurdistan (PKK)"
6341:
6339:
6219:The PKK: Coming Down from the Mountains
6130:
5714:The PKK: Coming Down from the Mountains
5424:"Turkey – Linguistic and Ethnic Groups"
5217:
5123:Roth, Mitchel P.; Sever, Murat (2007).
5071:"PKK group says Turkish ceasefire over"
5026:"Why Is Turkey Fighting Syria's Kurds?"
4992:
4888:
4886:
4685:
4683:
4654:
4652:
4630:
4628:
4626:
4603:
4546:
4428:Levy, Bernard-Henri (22 October 2014).
4178:
4165:
4033:
3651:
3271:Related and/or associated organizations
2797:
2529:History of the Kurdistan Workers' Party
2270:since 1997. In 2016, US Vice-president
2224:The PKK flag at a march in Cardiff for
805:political and cultural rights for Kurds
771:which historically operated throughout
69:
14:
15063:
14977:Peoples' United Revolutionary Movement
14708:Patriotic Revolutionary Youth Movement
14414:Democratic National Union of Kurdistan
14169:Kurdish villages depopulated by Turkey
12940:Patriotic Revolutionary Youth Movement
12783:National Liberation Front of Kurdistan
11921:
11833:
11751:
11464:
11462:
11387:
11143:
10790:
10729:
10710:
10697:
10695:
10561:
10414:
10362:
10288:
10151:. Ajansa Nûçeyan a Firatê. ANF English
10025:Faidhi Dri, Karwan (29 January 2020).
9970:
9900:
9795:. New Zealand Police. 11 February 2013
9589:
9477:(in French). France 24. Archived from
9414:
9400:"Schedule 2: Proscribed Organisations"
9055:
8980:
8773:
8716:
8340:
8230:. George Mason University. p. 91.
8222:
7913:"PKK Recruitment of Female Operatives"
7788:
7580:
7524:
7522:
7071:"Iraqi Kurdish party pushes PKK aside"
6966:
6810:
6808:
6767:
6765:
6742:
6562:
6553:
6282:. Peace Research Institute Frankfurt.
5861:Peoples' United Revolutionary Movement
5679:
5566:
5519:
5490:
5488:
5486:
5484:
5395:
5386:
4858:
4816:
4814:
4812:
4810:
4808:
4295:
3369:Peoples' United Revolutionary Movement
3354:Marxist–Leninist Armed Propaganda Unit
3320:, Yazidi women's militia in Syria
3162:Peoples' United Revolutionary Movement
1686:Association of Students from Kurdistan
1445:(DBP) on 11 July 2014, as well as the
1319:Patriotic Revolutionary Youth Movement
1075:Peoples' United Revolutionary Movement
956:of Kurdistan by Turkey. Following the
821:Court of Justice of the European Union
812:designated as a terrorist organization
202:Peoples' United Revolutionary Movement
14941:
14829:Peoples' Equality and Democracy Party
14197:
12795:People's Liberation Army of Kurdistan
12526:
11952:. Al Jazeera. Retrieved 15 July 2013.
11915:
11730:
11658:
11633:
11468:
11267:. : Univ of Texas Press. p. 27.
11097:
10931:Graaf, Sophie de (27 November 2020).
10930:
10673:
10648:
10506:
10337:
10246:
9691:
9410:from the original on 21 January 2013.
9184:
8986:
8824:"TURKEY CELEBRATES CAPTURE OF OCALAN"
8660:
8619:
8265:
7956:
7450:
7417:Jakob, Christian (2 September 2014).
7416:
7160:
7069:Bozarslan, Mahmut (8 December 2018).
6969:"Sevr travması ve Kürtlerin empatisi"
6694:, Volume 4, Issue 33 16 October 2007.
6401:
6345:
6314:"Kurdistan National Liberation Front"
6263:
6260:Volume 5, Issue 3 (15 February 2007).
6221:. London: Zed Books Ltd. p. 26.
6216:
5900:
5772:
5710:
5577:
5460:
5023:
4918:Nation Building in Turkey and Morocco
4914:
4754:
4752:
4728:
4726:
4604:Rodgers, Winthrop (16 October 2023).
4461:
4359:International Criminal Justice Review
3642:
3499:
1894:, 20.2% from Spain, 19.8% from Italy
1684:several Kurdish entities such as the
1677:Christian Democratic Union of Germany
1479:HDP was also initiated a closure case
1276:
1201:In 1983, the Association of Artists (
1080:The organization has adapted the new
976:, the Turkish government categorized
14502:Kurdistan Socialist Democratic Party
14332:Iranian Call and Reform Organization
12855:Confederation Community of Kurdistan
12801:Democratic People's Union of Kurdish
12365:from the original on 11 January 2022
11803:
11735:. Middle East Voices. Archived from
11521:
11203:. Human Rights Watch. 1998. p.
10957:
10761:
9937:
9696:. Iran Press Service. Archived from
8874:Calabresi, Massimo (30 March 1998).
8654:
8551:from the original on 11 January 2022
8393:
7690:
7472:
7444:
6903:
6875:
6733:
6613:
6336:
5964:"Öcalan poster in Diyarbakır Newroz"
5627:
5601:
5573:. Nubihar Akademi. pp. 191–192.
5306:The Political Geography of Kurdistan
5288:, Palgrave Macmillan, 2000. p. 167.
4883:
4680:
4649:
4623:
4427:
4401:"Kurdish Fighters Aren't Terrorists"
3627:O'Connor, Francis (1 January 2017).
3049:
2986:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
2658:, and including proclamation of the
1617:
1562:"First Step" testified that General
1539:Former police special forces member
1408:Kurdish Political Movement in Turkey
1029:
14864:Workers Vanguard Party of Kurdistan
14638:Kurdistan Democratic Party of Syria
14474:Kurdistan Democratic Solution Party
14453:Communist Party of Kurdistan – Iraq
13473:Turkish airstrikes on Sinjar (2018)
12867:Workers Vanguard Party of Kurdistan
11602:
11571:
11459:
10692:
10365:"PKK suicide bomb attack in Ankara"
10331:
10313:
9500:Demirtaş, Serkan (6 October 2011).
9473:Le Roux, Gaëlle (17 October 2012).
8719:"PKK's Cooperation with the Greeks"
8098:"İşte PKK'nın silahlarının listesi"
8022:Studies in Conflict & Terrorism
7519:
7453:""PKK wird Deutschland verschonen""
7316:English, Duvar (13 November 2020).
7196:Ersöz and PKK's Bayık kept in touch
7163:"Çarkın'ın itiraflarına soruşturma"
6805:
6762:
6565:"PKK's decades of violent struggle"
5859:See details and sources in article
5481:
5464:Contemporary Turkish foreign policy
5218:Filkins, Dexter (24 October 2003).
5129:Studies in Conflict & Terrorism
4821:Jongerden, Joost (1 October 2017).
4805:
4634:
4547:Bodette, Meghan (23 October 2018).
4289:
4260:
4159:"Designation of Terrorist Entities"
3770:"Country Reports on Terrorism 2019"
3487:
3334:Kurdistan Democratic Solution Party
3040:July 2015–present: Third insurgency
2727:presidential elections of June 1993
2199:and German intelligence officials.
1577:
539:Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency
24:
14644:Kurdish Democratic Political Union
14632:Kurdish National Alliance in Syria
14287:Kurdistan Democratic Party of Iran
12504:
11687:. Voice of America. Archived from
11578:Historical Dictionary of the Kurds
10885:"No Security Without Human Rights"
10116:Spielberg, Georg (8 August 2013).
10000:"Bundesrat nimmt PKK an die Leine"
9445:. Diane Publishing Company. 1994.
8964:. 12 November 2004. Archived from
8742:The Kurds and the Future of Turkey
8603:. 28 February 2000. Archived from
7825:"The PKK and the 'Child Soldiers'"
6743:Ünaldı, Gönenç (21 October 2014).
6408:Historical Dictionary of the Kurds
6377:Historical Dictionary of the Kurds
6370:
6318:Historical Dictionary of the Kurds
6309:
6191:. 18 February 2000. Archived from
5099:"No Security Without Human Rights"
5024:Abadi, Cameron (17 October 2019).
4749:
4723:
4490:Beklevic, Tuna (22 October 2019).
4462:Rubin, Michael (7 February 2020).
4235:
3725:10.13169/zanjglobsoutstud.2.1.0115
3707:10.13169/zanjglobsoutstud.2.1.0115
3633:Peace Research Institute Frankfurt
3437:Attributed to multiple references:
2906:, under President Masoud Barzani.
2601:Palestinian Popular Struggle Front
2292:Common Foreign and Security Policy
2160:Support of various European states
2030:
1534:National Intelligence Organization
1528:, author and member of the ruling
1441:, which later changed its name to
1349:. After the Iran-Iraq War and the
1196:
919:People's Liberation Army of Turkey
25:
15197:
15186:Kurdish nationalist organizations
14853:Society for the Rise of Kurdistan
14649:Movement for a Democratic Society
13365:September 2012 Beytüşşebap attack
12819:Workers' Women Party of Kurdistan
11663:. Zed Books Ltd. pp. 50–51.
11473:. London: Zed Books. p. 19.
11014:Death penalty abolished in Turkey
10507:Gunes, Cengiz (11 January 2013).
10342:. London: Zed Books. p. 20.
10147:ANF News Desk (9 December 2018).
9910:Black Sea Discussion Paper Series
9667:Czech Ministry of Foreign Affairs
9442:Patterns of Global Terrorism 1993
9214:Thurfjell, Karin (10 June 2020).
8666:"Turks and Kurds: Review Article"
8449:"Turkey says Greece supports PKK"
8401:Federation of American Scientists
7161:Kilic, Ecevit (22 October 2008).
6910:Strittmatter, Kai (17 May 2010).
6785:. 3 December 2007. Archived from
6563:Hooper, Simon (11 October 2007).
5383:O'Connor, Francis, ed., pp. 75–76
5284:Ferhad Ibrahim, Gülistan Gürbey.
4692:Protesting as a terrorist offense
4334:from the original on 6 April 2013
4247:United States Department of State
4243:"Foreign Terrorist Organizations"
3995:"Foreign Terrorist Organizations"
3775:United States Department of State
3000:, some PKK fighters engaged with
2760:prosecuted and sentenced to death
2451:
2262:The PKK has been designated as a
2037:Federation of American Scientists
1469:and the PKK. In 2007 against the
1414:Grand National Assembly of Turkey
1332:
1017:, Cemil Bayık. The party program
933:who made themselves known as the
791:(with several ceasefires between
764:political organization and armed
15141:Organized crime groups in Turkey
15018:Marxist–Leninist Communist Party
14969:
14841:Revolutionary Party of Kurdistan
14805:Kurdistan Democratic Party/North
13355:June–August 2012 Hakkari clashes
13266:2000 Turkish Hezbollah crackdown
12989:
12934:Marxist–Leninist Communist Party
12927:
12921:Free Youth Movement of Kurdistan
12909:
12897:
12885:
12873:
12861:Revolutionary Party of Kurdistan
12770:
12757:
12738:
12726:
12580:
12475:
12431:
12413:
12395:
12377:
12345:
12305:
12287:
12262:
12240:
12214:
12188:
12136:
12117:Joe Parkinson (18 August 2014).
12110:
12084:
12061:
12035:
12013:
11999:
11977:
11955:
11943:
11922:Letsch, Constanze (7 May 2013).
11855:
11834:Letsch, Constanze (7 May 2013).
11827:
11797:
11776:
11731:Salem, Paul (29 November 2012).
11703:
11677:
11652:
11627:
11596:
11565:
11541:
11437:
11381:
11367:. New York: Human Rights Watch.
11354:
11329:
11308:
11281:
11254:
11221:
11189:
11003:
10994:
10969:
10924:
10899:
10877:
10811:
10704:
10667:
10642:
10609:
10555:
10525:
10500:
10453:
10408:
10391:"Paris'te Sabah'a PKK Saldırısı"
10383:
10356:
10322:
10282:
10240:
10210:
10163:
10140:
10120:(in German). Baden-Württemberg:
10072:
10044:
10018:
9992:
9964:
9931:
9894:
9876:
9858:
9833:
9807:
9782:
9756:
9734:
9712:
9685:
9655:
9643:
9617:
9583:
9550:
9524:
9493:
9466:
9433:
9362:
9340:
9310:
9290:
9264:
9243:
9207:
9178:
9152:
9134:
9104:
9086:
9049:
8950:
8924:
8898:
8867:
8816:
8798:
8767:
8747:
8640:
8589:
8563:
8479:"Greece dogged by Öcalan affair"
8471:
8455:. 7 January 1997. Archived from
8441:
8415:
8396:"Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK)"
8387:
8367:
8334:
8322:
8310:
8244:Press Center (14 October 2009).
8216:
8186:
8129:"Kurdistan Worker's Party (PKK)"
8009:
7950:
7869:
7842:
7817:
7758:
7732:
7704:
7659:
7644:
7610:
7574:
7548:
7498:
7410:
7396:
7363:
7336:
7309:
7284:
7258:
7233:
7207:
7185:
7154:
7132:
7110:
7088:
7062:
7036:
6993:
6960:
6932:
6847:
6817:
6714:
6697:
6620:Grojean, Olivier (9 July 2014).
6582:
6531:
6506:
6481:
6465:. 17 August 2015. Archived from
6426:
6395:
6364:
6303:
5628:Self, Andrew (3 February 2013).
5190:Jongerden, Joost (6 June 2005).
4298:"Listed terrorist organisations"
4296:department, Attorney-General's.
3737:
3597:"Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK)"
3561:"Handbuch Extremismusprävention"
3440:
3374:Revolutionary Party of Kurdistan
3359:Marxist–Leninist Communist Party
3106:
3095:
3054:
2996:. In September 2014, during the
2980:A Kurdish PKK guerrilla in 2014.
2681:the upper hand in its operations
2508:
2496:
2484:
2472:
2460:
2437:
2425:
2404:
2392:
2380:
2216:Designation as a terrorist group
1990:Office of Foreign Assets Control
1966:Office of Foreign Assets Control
1938:European Police Office (EUROPOL)
1635:
1626:
1589:Peoples' Democratic closure case
1471:DTP was initiated a closure case
1175:Eniye Rizgariye Navata Kurdistan
731:
718:
705:
692:
679:
666:
653:
640:
627:
614:
601:
588:
516:
503:
490:
478:
451:
439:
427:
415:
403:
391:
379:
367:
355:
343:
331:
319:
195:
182:
169:
156:
143:
49:
13463:December 2016 Istanbul bombings
13290:October 2007 clashes in Hakkâri
12831:Free Women's Party of Kurdistan
12813:Free Women's Union of Kurdistan
12043:"PKK joins battle against Isil"
10511:. Routledge. pp. 104–105.
10224:. 26 March 2014. Archived from
10171:"Turkey Takes Aim at the Kurds"
9938:Hotz, Stefan (7 October 2006).
9185:Seher, Dietmar (10 June 2020).
8274:"Verfassungsschutzbericht 2011"
8251:U.S. Department of the Treasury
7651:McDowall, David (August 2011).
7513:Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz
7506:Arbeiterpartei Kurdistans (PKK)
6350:. Routledge. pp. 112–113.
6210:
6173:
6124:
6099:
6038:
6029:
6020:
5986:
5956:
5928:
5866:
5853:
5825:
5797:
5766:
5738:
5704:
5673:
5647:
5621:
5595:
5560:
5513:
5454:
5441:
5416:
5377:
5325:O'Connor, Francis, ed. (2021),
5318:
5298:
5278:
5252:Phillips, David (8 July 2020).
5245:
5211:
5183:
5116:
5063:
5032:
5017:
4986:
4939:
4778:
4673:Genocide Studies and Prevention
4597:
4571:
4540:
4514:
4483:
4455:
4421:
4393:
4346:
4151:
4129:
4103:
4085:
4059:
4041:"Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK)"
4015:
3987:
3957:
3936:
3922:
3884:"Verfassungsschutzbericht 2007"
3876:
3849:
3822:
3792:
3652:de Jong, Alex (18 March 2016).
3477:
3431:
3422:
3324:International Freedom Battalion
2872:Cease-fire and renewed conflict
2805:Artêşa Rizgariya Gelê Kurdistan
1944:Involvement in drug trafficking
1722:slain PKK founder and activists
1383:Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP)
1259:Arteşa Rizgariya Gelî Kurdistan
1136:
1101:(Apo-ites) under his movement,
579:Designated as a terrorist group
15076:Apoist organizations in Turkey
14588:Descendants of Saladin Brigade
14431:Islamic Fayli Grouping in Iraq
13458:Assassination of Deryan Aktert
12789:Liberation Forces OF Kurdistan
12269:Tastekin, Fehim (6 May 2015).
11522:Uslu, Emrullah (20 May 2008).
11445:"Kurdish rebels abandon truce"
11038:Bianet – Bagimsiz Iletisim Agi
10533:"After Saddam Hussein – 92.12"
10486:. Greenwood Publishing Group.
10480:Cordesman, Anthony H. (1999).
8780:Journal of Third World Studies
8717:Külebi, Ali (9 October 2007).
7581:Ataman, Ferda (11 July 2008).
7529:Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche.
7451:Dalan, Marco (10 April 1996).
7245:Bianet – Bagimsiz Iletisim Agi
7001:"Önderimiz 99'da İmralı'daydı"
6883:"Turkey: Kurdish Party Banned"
6833:European Court of Human Rights
4095:. 1 March 2016. Archived from
4071:The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com
3762:
3731:
3682:
3668:
3620:
3589:
3553:
3525:
3314:, Yazidi militia in Syria
2827:People's Congress of Kurdistan
2776:European Court of Human Rights
2444:Flag of the PKK (2005–present)
2371:
2331:Democratic Union Party (Syria)
2325:alliance as a response to the
2264:Foreign Terrorist Organization
2240:) by the Turkish authorities.
1763:
1679:(CDU) and Abdullah Öcalan in
1501:European Court of Human Rights
1402:Alleged political presentation
1317:(YPS) is the successor of the
1052:worldwide communist revolution
877:. In 2013, the PKK declared a
42:
13:
1:
15146:Libertarian socialist parties
15030:Revolutionary Communard Party
14497:Kurdistan Revolutionary Party
13280:2005 Kuşadası minibus bombing
12250:. Al Jazeera. 14 October 2014
12068:Dorian Jones (25 July 2014).
11638:. Zed Books Ltd. p. 47.
10858:MIPT Terrorism Knowledge Base
10363:Shaikh, Thair (23 May 2007).
9971:Keinon, Herb (17 July 2009).
9940:"Nicht mit dem Finger zeigen"
9056:Lacine, Sedat (14 May 2006).
8034:10.1080/1057610X.2020.1759265
7653:A Modern History of the Kurds
7046:. 6 June 2012. Archived from
6967:Tuğluk, Aysel (27 May 2007).
5944:(in German). 30 November 2014
5936:"Mit wehenden Öcalan-Flaggen"
4469:American Enterprise Institute
3518:
2921:Kurdish–Turkish peace process
2788:Council of the European Union
2417:Flag of the KADEK (2002–2003)
2342:June 2022, Turkish President
2044:Alleged international support
1387:2015 Turkish general election
1308:
1240:
908:
903:thousands of Kurdish villages
848:denied the existence of Kurds
554:Kurdistan Region–PKK conflict
15091:Kurdish separatism in Turkey
14739:Communist Party of Kurdistan
14720:Civil Protection Units-Women
14514:Patriotic Union of Kurdistan
14458:Kurdistan Conservative Party
14154:Kurdish rebellions in Turkey
13418:February 2016 Ankara bombing
13195:Winter Campaign of 1994–1995
11388:Panico, Christopher (1999).
11151:"The prohibition of torture"
10981:Council on Foreign Relations
10711:Randal, Jonathan C. (1997).
10429:10.1080/14683849.2012.686575
10006:(in German). 5 November 2008
9692:Haeri, Safa (31 July 2004).
9562:Australian National Security
8064:"Hepsi kandırılmış çocuklar"
7701:Provost, René (2021), p. 358
7169:(in Turkish). Archived from
6977:(in Turkish). Archived from
6137:www.multiple-secularities.de
5602:Arin, Yado (26 March 2015).
5170:Child Soldiers International
4766:(in Dutch). 15 November 2018
4179:Stanton, Jessica A. (2016).
3676:"Mad Dreams of Independence"
3379:Revolutionary People's Party
2619:Kurdistan Liberation Force (
2554:. PKK tactics were based on
2515:Current flag of the YJA-STAR
2203:, of the Turkish think tank
1926:
1743:
1303:Yekîneyên Jinên Azad ên Star
1042:in Germany, January 21, 2016
913:As a result of the military
7:
15081:Far-left politics in Turkey
14787:Kurdistan Communities Union
14775:Freedom and Democracy Party
14248:Yezidi National Union (ULE)
13443:May 2016 Diyarbakır bombing
13315:October 2008 Aktütün attack
11806:"Turkey's pullout politics"
11659:White, Doctor Paul (2015).
11000:Marcus, Aliza (2012). p.271
10701:Gunes, Cengiz (2013), p.134
10623:. p. 3. Archived from
9948:(in German). Archived from
8774:Gunter, Michael M. (1994).
7028:
6373:"Hazen Rizgariya Kurdistan"
4635:Can, Osman (17 June 2021).
4302:www.nationalsecurity.gov.au
4009:"Currently listed entities"
3495:
3329:Kurdistan Communities Union
3248:
2865:Kurdish Freedom Hawks (TAK)
2849:Second insurgency 2004–2006
2667:by the then prime minister
2414:Flag of the PKK (2000–2002)
2399:Flag of the PKK (1995–2000)
1720:Demonstration in Paris for
1663:for which the PKK official
1492:in support of this policy.
1302:
1270:
1258:
1250:
1174:
1114:
964:, including the use of the
867:Kurdistan Communities Union
569:2017 Iraqi–Kurdish conflict
189:Kurdistan Communities Union
123:; 46 years ago
43:Partiya Karkerên Kurdistanê
10:
15202:
14799:Islamic Party of Kurdistan
14793:Kurdistan Islamic Movement
14781:Freedom and Equality Party
14463:Kurdistan Democratic Party
14448:Kurdish Tribal Association
14442:Kurdistan Islamic Movement
14293:Kurdistan Democratic Party
14144:Kurdish separatism in Iran
13652:2013–2015 Solution process
13413:February 2016 Lice bombing
13403:Şırnak clashes (2015–2016)
12176:. Al Jazeera. 11 June 2015
11501:. Routledge. p. 149.
10678:. Routledge. p. 133.
10653:. Routledge. p. 205.
10461:Suicide Bombers Who's Next
10328:Marcus, Aliza (2012). p.70
10319:Marcus, Aliza (2012). p.57
9590:Walter, Christian (2004).
9374:Official Journal of the EU
9037:(in Turkish). 18 July 2007
8394:Pike, John (21 May 2004).
7619:"Ein Volksfest für Öcalan"
7019:"in 99 our leader was in
6727:London School of Economics
6273:O'Connor, Francis (2017).
6131:Raßbach, Benjamin (2021).
6059:Cambridge University Press
5995:"Ein Volksfest für Öcalan"
5874:"Democratic Confederalism"
5839:. Routledge. p. 156.
5781:Cambridge University Press
5339:Cambridge University Press
4923:Cambridge University Press
4187:Cambridge University Press
3533:"Kurdistan Workers' Party"
3496:Partiya Karkerên Kurdistan
3043:
2969:
2918:
2613:Kurdistan Democratic Party
2526:
2522:
1931:
1811:
1711:
1511:
1486:, published an article in
1405:
1191:capture of Abdullah Öcalan
1165:Political and popular wing
935:Kurdistan Revolutionaries.
15096:Left-wing militant groups
15039:
14984:
14877:
14847:Rights and Freedoms Party
14817:Peoples' Democratic Party
14811:Peace and Democracy Party
14751:Democratic People's Party
14729:
14671:
14662:
14627:Kurdish Supreme Committee
14613:
14593:People's Protection Units
14580:
14571:
14537:
14401:
14358:
14349:
14324:
14305:Kurdistan Free Life Party
14269:
14260:
14240:
14231:
14131:
14098:
14091:
14006:
13895:
13888:
13773:
13682:
13675:
13637:
13617:
13549:
13542:
13423:March 2016 Ankara bombing
13373:
13272:
13260:
13117:
13091:
13084:
13007:
12971:
12718:
12708:
12661:
12608:National Security Council
12595:
12578:
12560:
11804:Uras, Umut (8 May 2013).
11228:McKiernan, Kevin (2006).
11156:(Torturing). 2003: 11, 13
10841:– via Google Books.
10649:Özcan, Ali Kemal (2006).
10583:10.1080/01436599308420326
10118:"PKK Embleme und Symbole"
9650:Currently listed entities
9558:"Kurdistan Workers Party"
9063:Journal of Turkish Weekly
8684:10.1080/00263209408701034
8133:Counter-Terrorism Studies
7975:10.1080/00263200601079740
7957:Özcan, Alị Kemal (2007).
7941:Global Terrorism Analysis
7486:(in German). 29 June 2004
7031:) the nickname of Öcalan.
6692:Global Terrorism Analysis
6254:Global Terrorism Analysis
6243:The PKK and Syria's Kurds
6067:10.1017/S1755048319000312
5495:Jongerden, Joost (2007).
5347:10.1017/9781108975087.004
5141:10.1080/10576100701558620
3689:Novellis, Andrea (2018).
3602:Counter Extremism Project
3339:Kurdistan Free Life Party
3063:This section needs to be
3030:People's Protection Units
2878:PKK declared a cease fire
2764:European Union membership
2621:Hêzên Rizgariya Kurdistan
2356:government of Switzerland
1917:11,568 (8,015 traceable)
1824:
1602:Peace and Democracy Party
1518:During the controversial
1363:Operation Provide Comfort
1285:Female PKK guerrillas of
1251:Hêzên Rizgariya Kurdistan
577:
531:
471:
311:
303:
283:
221:
211:
135:
115:
57:
48:
41:
34:
15181:Democratic confederalism
15071:Kurdistan Workers' Party
15006:Kurdistan Workers' Party
14823:People's Democracy Party
14763:Democratic Regions Party
14757:Democratic Society Party
14679:Kurdistan Workers' Party
14621:Kurdish National Council
14599:Women's Protection Units
14554:Kurdish Democratic Party
14508:Kurdistan Toilers' Party
14371:Êzîdxan Protection Force
13493:2020 İskenderun shootout
13438:May 2016 Dürümlü bombing
13330:2010 Hakkâri bus bombing
13109:1980 Turkish coup d'état
12517:Interviews and Speeches
11764:. Al Jazeera. 9 May 2013
11609:The Jamestown foundation
7625:(in German). p. 7.
7515:. July 2015. p. 21.
6166:U.S. Department of State
6001:(in German). p. 7.
5773:Yavuz, M. Hakan (2009).
5520:Schoon, Eric W. (2015).
5449:The Dynamic of Secession
4999:. CQ Press. p. 37.
4702:. 2010. pp. 40–41.
4371:10.1177/1057567719826632
3537:Encyclopaedia Britannica
3488:پارتی کرێکارانی کوردستان
3415:
3399:Women's Protection Units
3312:Êzîdxan Protection Force
2909:
2769:
2674:
2581:1980 Turkish coup d'état
2574:
2533:
2366:
1887:2,885 (2,208 traceable)
1784:fighters, 11 August 2015
1597:Kurdish–Turkish conflict
1443:Democratic Regions Party
1373:Political representation
1082:democratic confederalist
1056:democratic confederalism
789:Kurdish–Turkish conflict
751:Kurdistan Workers' Party
237:Democratic confederalism
35:Kurdistan Workers' Party
14702:Kurdistan Freedom Hawks
14690:People's Defence Forces
14520:Service and Reform List
14486:New Generation Movement
14480:Kurdistan Islamic Union
14436:Kurdistan Islamic Group
14377:Sinjar Resistance Units
14299:Kurdistan Freedom Party
14118:Düzce Military Cemetery
13468:2017 Diyarbakır bombing
13388:Operation Martyr Yalçın
13300:2008 Diyarbakır bombing
13180:May 24, 1993 PKK attack
13175:Operation Northern Iraq
12764:People's Defence Forces
12681:Turkish Revenge Brigade
12123:The Wall Street Journal
11717:16 October 2013 at the
11447:. BBC. 2 September 2003
11023:". The new Courier n°1.
10887:. Amnesty International
9258:University of Pittsburg
7674:Oxford University Press
7201:1 February 2014 at the
7126:19 October 2011 at the
7100:mezopotamyaajansi35.com
6248:7 November 2007 at the
6107:"PKK camileri de böldü"
5968:mezopotamyaajansi35.com
5461:Çelik, Yasemin (1999).
5192:"Villages of No Return"
3965:"TRILATERAL MEMORANDUM"
3805:The Mackenzie Institute
3566:Federal Criminal Office
3463:Heckler & Koch PSG1
3389:Sinjar Resistance Units
3344:Kurdistan Freedom Hawks
3016:in the Turkish city of
2915:2013–2015 peace process
2562:, riots, protests, and
2287:Court of First Instance
1591:. In January 2016, the
1315:Civil Protections Units
1263:People's Defense Forces
1038:Protest for freedom of
1019:Kürdistan Devrimci Yolu
863:captured and imprisoned
828:revolutionary socialism
559:Iraqi Kurdish Civil War
285:Political position
150:People's Defence Forces
15151:Communism in Kurdistan
15136:Rebel groups in Turkey
15012:Maoist Communist Party
14714:Civil Protection Units
14672:Militant organizations
14581:Militant organizations
14359:Militant organizations
14270:Militant organizations
14139:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict
13662:Musa Anter peace train
13498:Operation Claw-Eagle 2
13398:Siege of Silvan (2015)
13360:2012 Gaziantep bombing
13325:2010 İskenderun attack
13310:2008 Istanbul bombings
13245:1999 Istanbul bombings
12999:(until the late 1980s)
11553:3 January 2011 at the
11423:. Palgrave Macmillan.
11177:Cite journal requires
11131:Cite journal requires
11085:Cite journal requires
10791:Alakoc, Burcu (2007).
10674:Gunes, Cengiz (2013).
10289:Marcus, Aliza (2012).
9669:. 2008. Archived from
9652:, Public Safety Canada
9251:"The Kurdish Movement"
8671:Middle Eastern Studies
8341:Marcus, Aliza (2007).
8223:Turhal, Tugru (2015).
7963:Middle Eastern Studies
7666:Provost, René (2021).
7511:(Report) (in German).
6711:, 2004, pages 276–277.
6346:Gunes, Cengiz (2013).
5680:Marcus, Aliza (2009).
5630:"What Was It All For?"
5567:Yilmaz, Cihat (2021).
5396:Hannum, Hurst (1996).
3349:Maoist Communist Party
3300:Democratic Union Party
3278:Civil Protection Units
3089:YBS and PKK guerrillas
3024:
2981:
2876:On 13 April 2009, the
2547:
2335:People's Defense Units
2303:British Prime Minister
2237:
2229:
2020:
1904:3,490 (136 traceable)
1874:1,610 (313 traceable)
1861:5,713 (959 traceable)
1785:
1773:
1724:
1390:
1343:Mahsum Korkmaz Academy
1290:
1043:
15086:Kurdish organisations
14383:Êzîdxan Women's Units
14225:Kurdish organisations
13943:İsmail Hakkı Karadayı
13625:Mothers of Diyarbakır
13335:2010 Istanbul bombing
12299:Hurriyetdailynews.com
10762:Pape, Robert (2005).
10571:Third World Quarterly
9901:Balcer, Adam (2012).
8139:(ICT). Archived from
8016:Szekely, Ora (2020).
7717:İnsan Hakları Derneği
7623:Die Tageszeitung: taz
7423:Die Tageszeitung: taz
6404:"Hezen Parastina Gel"
6051:Politics and Religion
5999:Die Tageszeitung: taz
5941:Frankfurter Rundschau
5538:10.1093/socpro/spv006
5499:. Brill. p. 55.
5103:Amnesty International
4915:Aslan, Senem (2014).
4660:Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove
3455:Heckler & Koch G3
3451:Dragunov Sniper Rifle
3394:United Freedom Forces
3318:Êzîdxan Women's Units
3222:In November 2022, an
3119:and PKK guerillas in
3011:
2979:
2752:Amnesty International
2541:
2223:
2006:
1948:PKK's involvement in
1779:
1771:
1732:of 1949 and also its
1719:
1704:and its party leader
1380:
1284:
1183:umbrella organization
1105:(Apoism). The slogan
1037:
958:military coup of 1980
844:military coup of 1980
242:Libertarian socialism
15101:Resistance movements
14897:Kingdom of Kurdistan
14835:People's Labor Party
14337:Kurdish United Front
14100:Memorials, monuments
14074:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
13520:Operation Claw-Sword
13393:2015 Hakkari assault
13250:Blue Market massacre
13215:1996 Tunceli bombing
13165:1992 Taşdelen attack
12409:. 29 September 2015.
11709:Güneş Murat Tezcür,"
11634:White, Paul (2015).
11572:Gunter., Michael M.
11469:White, Paul (2015).
11019:29 June 2009 at the
10338:White, Paul (2015).
9952:on 29 September 2007
8547:. 3 September 2012.
8074:University of Ankara
7945:Jamestown Foundation
7322:www.duvarenglish.com
7148:10 June 2015 at the
6402:M. Gunter, Michael.
6258:Jamestown Foundation
6217:White, Paul (2015).
6160:Frank C. Urbancic, "
5912:Taylor & Francis
5783:. pp. 176–177.
5711:White, Paul (2015).
4559:on 30 September 2021
4268:"Turkey 2019 Report"
3910:on 20 September 2008
3835:Jamestown Foundation
3240:Minister of Interior
3217:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
2992:escape an encircled
2984:The PKK engaged the
2972:2014 Kobanî protests
2798:Cease fire 1999–2004
2708:People's Labor Party
2696:unilateral ceasefire
2665:village guard system
2344:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
2145:Alexander Litvinenko
1806:Jamestown Foundation
1772:PKK female fighters.
1475:constitutional court
1071:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
15161:Kurdish irredentism
14912:Republic of Mahabad
14892:Kurdish nationalism
14113:33 Martyrs Memorial
14105:military cemeteries
13876:Sırrı Süreyya Önder
13826:Selahattin Demirtaş
13781:Ahmet Fehmi Işıklar
13525:2023 Ankara bombing
13508:Zakho resort attack
13503:Operation Claw-Lock
13483:2018 Gercüş bombing
13453:2016 Elazığ bombing
13408:Siege of Sur (2016)
13345:2011 Hakkâri attack
13285:2007 Ankara bombing
12445:. 22 December 2015.
12427:. 30 December 2015.
12359:The Daily Telegraph
12154:on 11 November 2014
12098:. 13 September 2011
12096:Hürriyet Daily News
11615:on 25 December 2010
11110:. 24 March 2014: 57
10937:Lawyers for Lawyers
10630:on 25 February 2009
10256:Politique étrangère
9945:St. Galler Tagblatt
9919:on 21 February 2014
9821:on 21 February 2014
9631:on 30 December 2013
9506:Hürriyet Daily News
9122:on 16 November 2019
9034:Hürriyet Daily News
8886:on 12 February 2007
8830:. 20 February 1999.
8763:. 23 February 1999.
8740:Gunter, Michael M.
8724:Hürriyet Daily News
8601:Hürriyet Daily News
8575:Hürriyet Daily News
8453:Hürriyet Daily News
8202:Library of Congress
8103:Hürriyet Daily News
8069:Hürriyet Daily News
7776:on 14 December 2018
7744:Hürriyet Daily News
7406:. 26 November 1993.
7141:, 8 November 2008,
7119:, 18 October 2011,
7006:Hürriyet Daily News
6917:Süddeutsche Zeitung
6371:Gunter, Michael M.
6185:Bruns International
6141:Universität Leipzig
5588:Jongerden, Joost. "
5447:Bartkus, Viva Ona,
4859:Joseph, J. (2006).
4835:10.4000/anatoli.618
4497:The Washington Post
4117:on 24 December 2018
4073:. 13 September 2017
4011:. 21 December 2018.
3951:European Commission
3447:PKC automatic rifle
2841:'s younger brother
2810:Hêzên Parastina Gel
2720:Diyarbakir province
2327:invasion of Ukraine
2268:US State Department
2238:Bölücü terör örgütü
2177:François Mitterrand
2173:Danielle Mitterrand
1821:
1657:diaspora in Germany
1612:Selahattin Demirtaş
1593:Academics for Peace
1271:Hêzên Parastina Gel
997:Mehmet Hayri Durmuş
895:bombed city centres
836:Kurdish nationalism
777:southeastern Turkey
544:Israel–PKK conflict
231:Kurdish nationalism
176:Civil Defense Units
14907:Republic of Ararat
14902:Kurdistansky Uyezd
14696:Free Women's Units
14393:Fayli Kurd Brigade
14174:Turkish war crimes
14064:Ahmet Necdet Sezer
13948:Hüseyin Kıvrıkoğlu
13515:2022 Mersin attack
13448:2016 Cizre bombing
13433:2016 Bursa bombing
13383:2015 Siirt bombing
13185:Başbağlar massacre
12777:Free Women's Units
12515:Öcalan, Abdullah.
12443:Human Rights Watch
12425:The New York Times
12072:. Voice of America
11691:on 31 January 2012
11199:Human Rights Watch
10911:Human Rights Watch
10741:Human Rights Watch
10563:Gunter, Michael M.
10543:on 18 January 2019
10459:Matovic, Violeta,
10299:. pp. 55–57.
10228:on 11 October 2019
10198:on 30 October 2019
10192:hezenparastin.info
10057:The Brussels Times
9978:The Jerusalem Post
9538:. 16 December 2005
9481:on 14 January 2014
9404:Terrorism Act 2000
9328:on 8 November 2018
9306:. 23 January 2016.
8968:on 6 December 2008
8912:on 15 October 2015
8876:"A Hellenic Haven"
8607:on 19 October 2017
8577:. 15 November 1998
8487:. 27 February 1999
8459:on 19 October 2017
8383:. 19 October 2017.
8143:on 6 February 2016
7805:. 22 December 2016
7803:Human Rights Watch
7297:. 7 September 2018
7270:Human Rights Watch
7219:Human Rights Watch
7194:, 22 August 2009,
7173:on 6 November 2019
6891:. 11 December 2009
6888:Human Rights Watch
6789:on 14 January 2009
6707:," United Nations
6469:on 27 October 2019
6414:on 17 October 2019
6311:Gunter, Michael M.
6195:on 14 October 2009
5311:2008-10-03 at the
5266:on 31 January 2021
5224:The New York Times
4902:, 17 February 2008
4899:The New York Times
4867:Palgrave Macmillan
4700:Human Rights Watch
4664:Fernandes, Desmond
4528:. 11 February 2016
4308:on 5 February 2016
3932:. 16 January 2014.
3656:. Jacobin Magazine
3144:2015 Suruç bombing
3125:Southern Kurdistan
3025:
2982:
2756:Human Rights Watch
2660:state of emergency
2652:counter-insurgency
2569:1980 military coup
2548:
2299:Terrorism Act 2000
2253:Palme was murdered
2245:Swedish government
2230:
2226:Welsh independence
2109:the undeclared war
2088:Republic of Cyprus
2021:
1842:AK-47 Kalashnikovs
1820:
1786:
1774:
1754:Human Rights Watch
1730:Geneva Conventions
1725:
1391:
1295:Free Women's Units
1291:
1277:Women's armed wing
1142:the organization.
1044:
785:asymmetric warfare
163:Free Women's Units
117:Dates of operation
15058:
15057:
15000:Devrimci Karargâh
14935:
14934:
14873:
14872:
14731:Political parties
14685:Kurdish Hizbollah
14658:
14657:
14614:Political parties
14567:
14566:
14547:Political parties
14533:
14532:
14402:Political parties
14345:
14344:
14325:Political parties
14256:
14255:
14241:Political parties
14191:
14190:
14187:
14186:
14087:
14086:
14059:Necmettin Erbakan
13884:
13883:
13831:Nurettin Demirtaş
13640:and peace efforts
13633:
13632:
13538:
13537:
13320:Reşadiye shooting
13155:Yeşilova incident
13150:Pınarcık massacre
13080:
13079:
13000:
12964:
12849:People's Congress
12704:
12703:
12671:Counter-Guerrilla
12228:. 14 October 2014
11810:www.aljazeera.com
11584:on 2 October 2017
10865:on 9 January 2008
10743:. 20 January 1999
10518:978-1-136-58798-6
10060:. 30 January 2020
9673:on 11 August 2016
9568:on 31 August 2007
9322:Stars and Stripes
9221:Svenska Dagbladet
9014:charge d'affaires
8173:Europol.europa.eu
7221:. 5 December 2017
6783:Cihan News Agency
6635:10.4000/ejts.4925
6324:on 3 January 2020
6241:Brandon, James. "
6111:m.yeniakit.com.tr
5754:. 2 February 2016
5717:. Zed Books Ltd.
5661:. 4 November 2016
5428:Countrystudies.us
5028:. Foreign Policy.
4892:Toumani, Meline.
4047:on 5 October 2013
3862:Firat News Agency
3738:Wali, Zhelwan Z.
3654:"The New-Old PKK"
3573:on 3 October 2020
3493:
3409:YPG International
3306:Devrimci Karargâh
3084:
3083:
2882:"Kurdish Opening"
2780:arbitrary arrests
2656:1982 Constitution
2625:Turkish Kurdistan
2107:. However, after
1986:U.S. jurisdiction
1924:
1923:
1804:According to the
1738:Turkish provinces
1734:amendment of 1977
1698:Wolfgang Schäuble
1618:Status in Germany
1566:, former head of
1553:Turkish Hezbollah
1545:Ergenekon network
1351:Kurdish Civil War
1030:Ideology and aims
1008:Mehmet Karasungur
939:Turkish Kurdistan
747:
746:
16:(Redirected from
15193:
15042:
14987:
14978:
14974:
14973:
14972:
14962:
14955:
14948:
14939:
14938:
14917:Kurdistan Region
14769:Free Cause Party
14669:
14668:
14578:
14577:
14544:
14543:
14388:Asayîşa Êzîdxanê
14356:
14355:
14267:
14266:
14238:
14237:
14218:
14211:
14204:
14195:
14194:
14159:Kurdish refugees
14096:
14095:
14034:Yıldırım Akbulut
14019:Süleyman Demirel
13998:Hayri Kıvrıkoğlu
13988:Erdal Ceylanoğlu
13973:Aydoğan Babaoğlu
13908:Tahsin Şahinkaya
13893:
13892:
13755:Hüseyin Velioğlu
13750:Muhammad Mustafa
13680:
13679:
13547:
13546:
13350:Roboski massacre
13230:Operation Hammer
13160:Battle of Şırnak
13125:1984 PKK attacks
13089:
13088:
12998:
12994:
12993:
12992:
12958:
12932:
12931:
12930:
12914:
12913:
12912:
12902:
12901:
12900:
12890:
12889:
12888:
12878:
12877:
12876:
12825:Free Women Party
12775:
12774:
12773:
12762:
12761:
12760:
12743:
12742:
12741:
12731:
12730:
12729:
12716:
12715:
12686:Susurluk scandal
12593:
12592:
12586:
12584:
12583:
12547:
12540:
12533:
12524:
12523:
12498:
12497:
12495:
12493:
12479:
12473:
12472:
12470:
12468:
12463:on 14 March 2016
12453:
12447:
12446:
12435:
12429:
12428:
12417:
12411:
12410:
12399:
12393:
12392:
12381:
12375:
12374:
12372:
12370:
12356:
12349:
12343:
12342:
12327:
12321:
12320:
12309:
12303:
12302:
12291:
12285:
12284:
12283:on 3 March 2016.
12279:. Archived from
12266:
12260:
12259:
12257:
12255:
12244:
12238:
12237:
12235:
12233:
12218:
12212:
12211:
12209:
12207:
12202:. 7 October 2014
12192:
12186:
12185:
12183:
12181:
12170:
12164:
12163:
12161:
12159:
12150:. Archived from
12140:
12134:
12133:
12131:
12129:
12114:
12108:
12107:
12105:
12103:
12088:
12082:
12081:
12079:
12077:
12065:
12059:
12058:
12056:
12054:
12039:
12033:
12032:
12030:
12028:
12017:
12011:
12010:
12003:
11997:
11996:
11994:
11992:
11981:
11975:
11974:
11972:
11970:
11959:
11953:
11947:
11941:
11940:
11938:
11936:
11919:
11913:
11912:
11910:
11908:
11893:
11880:
11879:
11877:
11875:
11859:
11853:
11852:
11850:
11848:
11831:
11825:
11824:
11822:
11820:
11801:
11795:
11794:
11792:
11790:
11780:
11774:
11773:
11771:
11769:
11758:
11749:
11748:
11746:
11744:
11728:
11722:
11707:
11701:
11700:
11698:
11696:
11681:
11675:
11674:
11656:
11650:
11649:
11631:
11625:
11624:
11622:
11620:
11611:. Archived from
11603:Brandon, James.
11600:
11594:
11593:
11591:
11589:
11569:
11563:
11545:
11539:
11538:
11536:
11534:
11519:
11513:
11512:
11494:
11485:
11484:
11466:
11457:
11456:
11454:
11452:
11441:
11435:
11434:
11422:
11412:
11406:
11405:
11385:
11379:
11378:
11358:
11352:
11351:
11349:
11347:
11333:
11327:
11326:
11320:
11312:
11306:
11305:
11285:
11279:
11278:
11258:
11252:
11251:
11235:
11225:
11219:
11218:
11202:
11193:
11187:
11186:
11180:
11175:
11173:
11165:
11163:
11161:
11155:
11147:
11141:
11140:
11134:
11129:
11127:
11119:
11117:
11115:
11109:
11101:
11095:
11094:
11088:
11083:
11081:
11073:
11071:
11069:
11063:
11055:
11049:
11048:
11046:
11044:
11030:
11024:
11007:
11001:
10998:
10992:
10991:
10989:
10987:
10973:
10967:
10966:
10955:
10949:
10948:
10946:
10944:
10928:
10922:
10921:
10919:
10917:
10903:
10897:
10896:
10894:
10892:
10881:
10875:
10874:
10872:
10870:
10861:. Archived from
10849:
10843:
10842:
10840:
10838:
10815:
10809:
10808:
10788:
10782:
10781:
10770:. Random House.
10769:
10759:
10753:
10752:
10750:
10748:
10733:
10727:
10726:
10708:
10702:
10699:
10690:
10689:
10671:
10665:
10664:
10646:
10640:
10639:
10637:
10635:
10629:
10622:
10613:
10607:
10606:
10559:
10553:
10552:
10550:
10548:
10539:. Archived from
10529:
10523:
10522:
10504:
10498:
10497:
10477:
10471:
10457:
10451:
10450:
10440:
10412:
10406:
10405:
10403:
10401:
10387:
10381:
10380:
10378:
10376:
10360:
10354:
10353:
10335:
10329:
10326:
10320:
10317:
10311:
10310:
10286:
10280:
10279:
10244:
10238:
10237:
10235:
10233:
10214:
10208:
10207:
10205:
10203:
10194:. Archived from
10184:
10175:
10174:
10167:
10161:
10160:
10158:
10156:
10144:
10138:
10137:
10135:
10133:
10124:. Archived from
10113:
10098:
10097:
10095:
10093:
10076:
10070:
10069:
10067:
10065:
10048:
10042:
10041:
10039:
10037:
10022:
10016:
10015:
10013:
10011:
9996:
9990:
9989:
9987:
9985:
9968:
9962:
9961:
9959:
9957:
9935:
9929:
9928:
9926:
9924:
9918:
9907:
9898:
9892:
9891:
9880:
9874:
9873:
9862:
9856:
9855:
9853:
9851:
9837:
9831:
9830:
9828:
9826:
9811:
9805:
9804:
9802:
9800:
9794:
9786:
9780:
9779:
9777:
9775:
9760:
9754:
9753:
9751:
9749:
9738:
9732:
9731:
9729:
9727:
9716:
9710:
9709:
9707:
9705:
9700:on 19 April 2013
9689:
9683:
9682:
9680:
9678:
9659:
9653:
9647:
9641:
9640:
9638:
9636:
9621:
9615:
9614:
9612:
9610:
9587:
9581:
9580:
9575:
9573:
9554:
9548:
9547:
9545:
9543:
9528:
9522:
9521:
9519:
9517:
9508:. Archived from
9497:
9491:
9490:
9488:
9486:
9470:
9464:
9463:
9461:
9459:
9437:
9431:
9418:
9412:
9411:
9396:
9390:
9389:
9387:
9385:
9376:. Archived from
9366:
9360:
9359:
9357:
9355:
9344:
9338:
9337:
9335:
9333:
9324:. Archived from
9314:
9308:
9307:
9294:
9288:
9287:
9285:
9283:
9268:
9262:
9261:
9255:
9247:
9241:
9240:
9238:
9236:
9211:
9205:
9204:
9202:
9200:
9182:
9176:
9175:
9173:
9171:
9156:
9150:
9149:
9138:
9132:
9131:
9129:
9127:
9118:. Archived from
9108:
9102:
9101:
9090:
9084:
9083:
9081:
9079:
9070:. Archived from
9053:
9047:
9046:
9044:
9042:
9025:
9019:
9018:
8984:
8978:
8977:
8975:
8973:
8954:
8948:
8947:
8945:
8943:
8938:on 22 March 2019
8928:
8922:
8921:
8919:
8917:
8908:. Archived from
8902:
8896:
8895:
8893:
8891:
8882:. Archived from
8871:
8865:
8864:
8862:
8860:
8851:. Archived from
8841:
8832:
8831:
8820:
8814:
8813:
8812:on 2 April 2015.
8802:
8796:
8795:
8771:
8765:
8764:
8751:
8745:
8738:
8729:
8728:
8714:
8708:
8707:
8658:
8652:
8651:
8644:
8638:
8637:
8626:
8617:
8616:
8614:
8612:
8593:
8587:
8586:
8584:
8582:
8567:
8561:
8560:
8558:
8556:
8542:
8535:
8526:
8525:
8503:
8497:
8496:
8494:
8492:
8475:
8469:
8468:
8466:
8464:
8445:
8439:
8438:
8436:
8434:
8429:on 28 March 2016
8419:
8413:
8412:
8410:
8408:
8391:
8385:
8384:
8371:
8365:
8364:
8348:
8338:
8332:
8326:
8325:
8321:
8314:
8308:
8307:
8305:
8303:
8292:
8286:
8285:
8283:
8281:
8269:
8263:
8262:
8260:
8258:
8241:
8232:
8231:
8229:
8220:
8214:
8213:
8211:
8209:
8199:
8190:
8184:
8183:
8181:
8179:
8170:
8162:
8153:
8152:
8150:
8148:
8125:
8116:
8115:
8113:
8111:
8094:
8085:
8084:
8082:
8080:
8060:
8054:
8053:
8013:
8007:
8006:
7954:
7948:
7938:
7932:
7924:
7922:
7920:
7910:Ali Özcan, Nihat
7908:
7893:
7892:
7890:
7888:
7873:
7867:
7866:
7864:
7862:
7846:
7840:
7839:
7837:
7835:
7821:
7815:
7814:
7812:
7810:
7795:
7786:
7785:
7783:
7781:
7772:. Archived from
7762:
7756:
7755:
7753:
7751:
7746:. 27 August 2016
7736:
7730:
7729:
7727:
7725:
7708:
7702:
7699:
7688:
7687:
7663:
7657:
7656:
7648:
7642:
7641:
7639:
7637:
7614:
7608:
7607:
7605:
7603:
7578:
7572:
7571:
7569:
7567:
7552:
7546:
7545:
7543:
7541:
7526:
7517:
7516:
7510:
7502:
7496:
7495:
7493:
7491:
7476:
7470:
7469:
7467:
7465:
7448:
7442:
7441:
7439:
7437:
7414:
7408:
7407:
7400:
7394:
7393:
7391:
7389:
7367:
7361:
7360:
7358:
7356:
7340:
7334:
7333:
7331:
7329:
7313:
7307:
7306:
7304:
7302:
7288:
7282:
7281:
7279:
7277:
7262:
7256:
7255:
7253:
7251:
7237:
7231:
7230:
7228:
7226:
7211:
7205:
7189:
7183:
7182:
7180:
7178:
7158:
7152:
7136:
7130:
7114:
7108:
7107:
7106:on 16 July 2023.
7102:. Archived from
7092:
7086:
7085:
7083:
7081:
7066:
7060:
7059:
7057:
7055:
7040:
7034:
7033:
7016:
7014:
6997:
6991:
6990:
6988:
6986:
6964:
6958:
6957:
6955:
6953:
6936:
6930:
6929:
6927:
6925:
6907:
6901:
6900:
6898:
6896:
6879:
6873:
6872:
6870:
6868:
6851:
6845:
6844:
6842:
6840:
6829:
6821:
6815:
6812:
6803:
6802:
6796:
6794:
6769:
6760:
6759:
6757:
6755:
6740:
6731:
6730:
6718:
6712:
6701:
6695:
6689:
6683:
6675:
6673:
6671:
6661:Jenkins, Gareth.
6659:
6648:
6647:
6637:
6617:
6611:
6610:
6586:
6580:
6579:
6577:
6575:
6560:
6551:
6550:
6548:
6546:
6535:
6529:
6528:
6526:
6524:
6510:
6504:
6503:
6501:
6499:
6485:
6479:
6478:
6476:
6474:
6455:
6449:
6448:
6446:
6444:
6430:
6424:
6423:
6421:
6419:
6399:
6393:
6392:
6390:
6388:
6368:
6362:
6361:
6343:
6334:
6333:
6331:
6329:
6307:
6301:
6300:
6298:
6296:
6281:
6270:
6261:
6239:
6233:
6232:
6214:
6208:
6207:
6202:
6200:
6189:Associated Press
6177:
6171:
6168:, 30 April 2007
6158:
6152:
6151:
6149:
6147:
6128:
6122:
6121:
6119:
6117:
6103:
6097:
6096:
6078:
6042:
6036:
6033:
6027:
6024:
6018:
6017:
6015:
6013:
5990:
5984:
5983:
5981:
5979:
5970:. Archived from
5960:
5954:
5953:
5951:
5949:
5932:
5926:
5925:
5898:
5892:
5891:
5889:
5887:
5878:
5870:
5864:
5857:
5851:
5850:
5829:
5823:
5822:
5801:
5795:
5794:
5770:
5764:
5763:
5761:
5759:
5742:
5736:
5735:
5733:
5731:
5708:
5702:
5701:
5677:
5671:
5670:
5668:
5666:
5651:
5645:
5644:
5642:
5640:
5625:
5619:
5618:
5616:
5614:
5599:
5593:
5586:
5575:
5574:
5564:
5558:
5557:
5517:
5511:
5510:
5492:
5479:
5478:
5458:
5452:
5445:
5439:
5438:
5436:
5434:
5420:
5414:
5413:
5393:
5384:
5381:
5375:
5374:
5373:
5371:
5322:
5316:
5302:
5296:
5282:
5276:
5275:
5273:
5271:
5262:. Archived from
5249:
5243:
5242:
5240:
5238:
5215:
5209:
5208:
5206:
5204:
5187:
5181:
5180:
5178:
5176:
5162:
5153:
5152:
5120:
5114:
5113:
5111:
5109:
5095:
5086:
5085:
5083:
5081:
5067:
5061:
5060:
5058:
5056:
5036:
5030:
5029:
5021:
5015:
5014:
4990:
4984:
4983:
4973:
4963:
4961:10.4000/ejts.777
4943:
4937:
4936:
4912:
4903:
4890:
4881:
4880:
4865:. Basingstoke :
4856:
4847:
4846:
4818:
4803:
4802:
4800:
4798:
4782:
4776:
4775:
4773:
4771:
4756:
4747:
4746:
4744:
4742:
4730:
4721:
4720:
4718:
4716:
4697:
4687:
4678:
4677:
4656:
4647:
4646:
4632:
4621:
4620:
4618:
4616:
4610:www.newarab.com/
4601:
4595:
4594:
4592:
4590:
4584:www.newarab.com/
4575:
4569:
4568:
4566:
4564:
4555:. Archived from
4544:
4538:
4537:
4535:
4533:
4518:
4512:
4511:
4506:
4504:
4487:
4481:
4480:
4478:
4476:
4459:
4453:
4452:
4450:
4448:
4434:The New Republic
4425:
4419:
4418:
4416:
4414:
4409:. 20 August 2014
4397:
4391:
4390:
4350:
4344:
4343:
4341:
4339:
4324:
4318:
4317:
4315:
4313:
4304:. Archived from
4293:
4287:
4286:
4284:
4282:
4272:
4264:
4258:
4257:
4255:
4253:
4239:
4233:
4232:
4230:
4228:
4217:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4203:
4176:
4163:
4162:
4155:
4149:
4148:
4146:
4144:
4133:
4127:
4126:
4124:
4122:
4113:. Archived from
4107:
4101:
4100:
4099:on 1 March 2016.
4089:
4083:
4082:
4080:
4078:
4063:
4057:
4056:
4054:
4052:
4037:
4031:
4030:
4019:
4013:
4012:
4005:
3999:
3998:
3991:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3980:
3969:
3961:
3955:
3954:
3948:
3940:
3934:
3933:
3926:
3920:
3919:
3917:
3915:
3909:
3903:. Archived from
3888:
3880:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3869:
3853:
3847:
3846:
3844:
3842:
3826:
3820:
3819:
3814:
3812:
3796:
3790:
3789:
3784:
3782:
3766:
3760:
3759:
3754:
3752:
3735:
3729:
3728:
3718:
3686:
3680:
3679:
3672:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3661:
3649:
3640:
3639:
3624:
3618:
3617:
3611:
3609:
3593:
3587:
3586:
3580:
3578:
3557:
3551:
3550:
3545:
3543:
3529:
3512:
3511:
3510:
3509:
3503:
3498:
3492:romanized:
3491:
3489:
3481:
3469:
3444:
3438:
3435:
3429:
3426:
3265:Aslı Ceren Aslan
3202:
3110:
3099:
3079:
3076:
3070:
3058:
3057:
3050:
2948:Syrian Civil War
2900:Syrian Civil War
2889:Ali Akbar Salehi
2831:Kongra-Gel (KGK)
2784:Kurdish language
2710:(HEP) and also
2512:
2500:
2488:
2476:
2464:
2441:
2429:
2408:
2396:
2384:
2339:2022 NATO summit
1950:drug trafficking
1870:Rocket launchers
1822:
1819:
1639:
1630:
1584:Kurdish language
1578:Status in Turkey
1520:Ergenekon trials
1514:Ergenekon trials
1355:Qandil Mountains
1273:, HPG) in 1999.
1224:
1212:
1016:
1005:
966:Kurdish language
951:
875:Syrian Kurdistan
832:Marxism–Leninism
737:
735:
734:
724:
722:
721:
711:
709:
708:
698:
696:
695:
685:
683:
682:
672:
670:
669:
659:
657:
656:
646:
644:
643:
633:
631:
630:
620:
618:
617:
607:
605:
604:
594:
592:
591:
564:Syrian Civil War
549:1982 Lebanon War
532:Battles and wars
522:
520:
519:
509:
507:
506:
496:
494:
493:
483:
482:
456:
455:
454:
444:
443:
442:
432:
431:
430:
420:
419:
418:
408:
407:
406:
396:
395:
394:
384:
383:
382:
372:
371:
370:
360:
359:
358:
348:
347:
346:
336:
335:
334:
324:
323:
322:
307:5,000 (estimate)
299:
275:Marxism–Leninism
216:Qandil Mountains
200:
199:
198:
187:
186:
185:
174:
173:
172:
161:
160:
159:
148:
147:
146:
131:
129:
124:
118:
71:
53:
44:
32:
31:
21:
15201:
15200:
15196:
15195:
15194:
15192:
15191:
15190:
15061:
15060:
15059:
15054:
15040:
15035:
14985:
14980:
14976:
14970:
14968:
14966:
14936:
14931:
14869:
14745:Democracy Party
14725:
14654:
14609:
14563:
14529:
14397:
14341:
14320:
14252:
14227:
14222:
14192:
14183:
14179:Iraq operations
14149:Rojava conflict
14127:
14102:
14083:
14002:
13968:Yaşar Büyükanıt
13958:İbrahim Fırtına
13889:Turkish leaders
13880:
13816:Tuncer Bakırhan
13769:
13695:Murat Karayılan
13690:Abdullah Öcalan
13676:Kurdish leaders
13671:
13639:
13629:
13613:
13534:
13478:2018 Siirt raid
13369:
13268:
13256:
13240:Operation Murat
13210:Operation Tokat
13200:Operation Steel
13113:
13076:
13003:
12990:
12988:
12967:
12928:
12926:
12910:
12908:
12898:
12896:
12886:
12884:
12874:
12872:
12771:
12769:
12758:
12756:
12739:
12737:
12727:
12725:
12700:
12657:
12581:
12579:
12574:
12556:
12551:
12507:
12505:Further reading
12502:
12501:
12491:
12489:
12481:
12480:
12476:
12466:
12464:
12455:
12454:
12450:
12437:
12436:
12432:
12419:
12418:
12414:
12401:
12400:
12396:
12383:
12382:
12378:
12368:
12366:
12351:
12350:
12346:
12328:
12324:
12311:
12310:
12306:
12301:. 26 July 2015.
12293:
12292:
12288:
12267:
12263:
12253:
12251:
12246:
12245:
12241:
12231:
12229:
12220:
12219:
12215:
12205:
12203:
12194:
12193:
12189:
12179:
12177:
12172:
12171:
12167:
12157:
12155:
12148:Middle East Eye
12142:
12141:
12137:
12127:
12125:
12115:
12111:
12101:
12099:
12090:
12089:
12085:
12075:
12073:
12066:
12062:
12052:
12050:
12041:
12040:
12036:
12026:
12024:
12019:
12018:
12014:
12005:
12004:
12000:
11990:
11988:
11983:
11982:
11978:
11968:
11966:
11961:
11960:
11956:
11948:
11944:
11934:
11932:
11920:
11916:
11906:
11904:
11895:
11894:
11883:
11873:
11871:
11861:
11860:
11856:
11846:
11844:
11832:
11828:
11818:
11816:
11802:
11798:
11788:
11786:
11782:
11781:
11777:
11767:
11765:
11760:
11759:
11752:
11742:
11740:
11739:on 19 June 2013
11729:
11725:
11719:Wayback Machine
11708:
11704:
11694:
11692:
11683:
11682:
11678:
11671:
11657:
11653:
11646:
11632:
11628:
11618:
11616:
11601:
11597:
11587:
11585:
11570:
11566:
11555:Wayback Machine
11546:
11542:
11532:
11530:
11520:
11516:
11509:
11495:
11488:
11481:
11467:
11460:
11450:
11448:
11443:
11442:
11438:
11431:
11413:
11409:
11402:
11386:
11382:
11375:
11359:
11355:
11345:
11343:
11335:
11334:
11330:
11318:
11314:
11313:
11309:
11302:
11286:
11282:
11275:
11259:
11255:
11248:
11226:
11222:
11215:
11195:
11194:
11190:
11178:
11176:
11167:
11166:
11159:
11157:
11153:
11149:
11148:
11144:
11132:
11130:
11121:
11120:
11113:
11111:
11107:
11103:
11102:
11098:
11086:
11084:
11075:
11074:
11067:
11065:
11061:
11059:"Annual report"
11057:
11056:
11052:
11042:
11040:
11032:
11031:
11027:
11021:Wayback Machine
11008:
11004:
10999:
10995:
10985:
10983:
10975:
10974:
10970:
10961:(11 May 2005).
10956:
10952:
10942:
10940:
10929:
10925:
10915:
10913:
10905:
10904:
10900:
10890:
10888:
10883:
10882:
10878:
10868:
10866:
10851:
10850:
10846:
10836:
10834:
10832:
10816:
10812:
10805:
10789:
10785:
10778:
10760:
10756:
10746:
10744:
10735:
10734:
10730:
10723:
10709:
10705:
10700:
10693:
10686:
10672:
10668:
10661:
10647:
10643:
10633:
10631:
10627:
10620:
10614:
10610:
10560:
10556:
10546:
10544:
10531:
10530:
10526:
10519:
10505:
10501:
10494:
10478:
10474:
10458:
10454:
10417:Turkish Studies
10413:
10409:
10399:
10397:
10389:
10388:
10384:
10374:
10372:
10369:The Independent
10361:
10357:
10350:
10336:
10332:
10327:
10323:
10318:
10314:
10307:
10287:
10283:
10245:
10241:
10231:
10229:
10216:
10215:
10211:
10201:
10199:
10186:
10185:
10178:
10169:
10168:
10164:
10154:
10152:
10145:
10141:
10131:
10129:
10114:
10101:
10091:
10089:
10088:. 11 March 2019
10078:
10077:
10073:
10063:
10061:
10050:
10049:
10045:
10035:
10033:
10023:
10019:
10009:
10007:
9998:
9997:
9993:
9983:
9981:
9969:
9965:
9955:
9953:
9936:
9932:
9922:
9920:
9916:
9905:
9899:
9895:
9882:
9881:
9877:
9872:. 29 June 2022.
9864:
9863:
9859:
9849:
9847:
9839:
9838:
9834:
9824:
9822:
9813:
9812:
9808:
9798:
9796:
9792:
9788:
9787:
9783:
9773:
9771:
9770:on 10 July 2012
9762:
9761:
9757:
9747:
9745:
9740:
9739:
9735:
9725:
9723:
9718:
9717:
9713:
9703:
9701:
9690:
9686:
9676:
9674:
9661:
9660:
9656:
9648:
9644:
9634:
9632:
9623:
9622:
9618:
9608:
9606:
9604:
9588:
9584:
9571:
9569:
9556:
9555:
9551:
9541:
9539:
9530:
9529:
9525:
9515:
9513:
9512:on 27 June 2013
9498:
9494:
9484:
9482:
9471:
9467:
9457:
9455:
9453:
9439:
9438:
9434:
9419:
9415:
9398:
9397:
9393:
9383:
9381:
9380:on 22 July 2012
9368:
9367:
9363:
9353:
9351:
9346:
9345:
9341:
9331:
9329:
9316:
9315:
9311:
9296:
9295:
9291:
9281:
9279:
9270:
9269:
9265:
9253:
9249:
9248:
9244:
9234:
9232:
9212:
9208:
9198:
9196:
9183:
9179:
9169:
9167:
9158:
9157:
9153:
9140:
9139:
9135:
9125:
9123:
9110:
9109:
9105:
9092:
9091:
9087:
9077:
9075:
9054:
9050:
9040:
9038:
9027:
9026:
9022:
9008:
8988:Olson, Robert W
8985:
8981:
8971:
8969:
8956:
8955:
8951:
8941:
8939:
8930:
8929:
8925:
8915:
8913:
8904:
8903:
8899:
8889:
8887:
8872:
8868:
8858:
8856:
8855:on 1 March 2016
8843:
8842:
8835:
8828:Washington Post
8822:
8821:
8817:
8804:
8803:
8799:
8772:
8768:
8760:The Irish Times
8753:
8752:
8748:
8739:
8732:
8715:
8711:
8659:
8655:
8646:
8645:
8641:
8628:
8627:
8620:
8610:
8608:
8595:
8594:
8590:
8580:
8578:
8569:
8568:
8564:
8554:
8552:
8537:
8536:
8529:
8518:
8504:
8500:
8490:
8488:
8477:
8476:
8472:
8462:
8460:
8447:
8446:
8442:
8432:
8430:
8421:
8420:
8416:
8406:
8404:
8392:
8388:
8380:Middle East Eye
8373:
8372:
8368:
8361:
8339:
8335:
8323:
8316:
8315:
8311:
8301:
8299:
8294:
8293:
8289:
8279:
8277:
8270:
8266:
8256:
8254:
8242:
8235:
8227:
8221:
8217:
8207:
8205:
8197:
8191:
8187:
8177:
8175:
8168:
8164:
8163:
8156:
8146:
8144:
8127:
8126:
8119:
8109:
8107:
8096:
8095:
8088:
8078:
8076:
8062:
8061:
8057:
8014:
8010:
7955:
7951:
7926:
7925:
7918:
7916:
7911:
7909:
7896:
7886:
7884:
7875:
7874:
7870:
7860:
7858:
7848:
7847:
7843:
7833:
7831:
7823:
7822:
7818:
7808:
7806:
7797:
7796:
7789:
7779:
7777:
7770:Middle East Eye
7764:
7763:
7759:
7749:
7747:
7738:
7737:
7733:
7723:
7721:
7710:
7709:
7705:
7700:
7691:
7684:
7676:. p. 359.
7664:
7660:
7649:
7645:
7635:
7633:
7615:
7611:
7601:
7599:
7579:
7575:
7565:
7563:
7554:
7553:
7549:
7539:
7537:
7527:
7520:
7508:
7504:
7503:
7499:
7489:
7487:
7478:
7477:
7473:
7463:
7461:
7449:
7445:
7435:
7433:
7415:
7411:
7402:
7401:
7397:
7387:
7385:
7369:
7368:
7364:
7354:
7352:
7342:
7341:
7337:
7327:
7325:
7314:
7310:
7300:
7298:
7290:
7289:
7285:
7275:
7273:
7272:. 20 March 2017
7264:
7263:
7259:
7249:
7247:
7239:
7238:
7234:
7224:
7222:
7213:
7212:
7208:
7203:Wayback Machine
7190:
7186:
7176:
7174:
7159:
7155:
7150:Wayback Machine
7137:
7133:
7128:Wayback Machine
7115:
7111:
7094:
7093:
7089:
7079:
7077:
7067:
7063:
7053:
7051:
7042:
7041:
7037:
7012:
7010:
6999:
6998:
6994:
6984:
6982:
6981:on 3 March 2009
6965:
6961:
6951:
6949:
6948:. 18 March 2021
6938:
6937:
6933:
6923:
6921:
6908:
6904:
6894:
6892:
6881:
6880:
6876:
6866:
6864:
6853:
6852:
6848:
6838:
6836:
6827:
6823:
6822:
6818:
6813:
6806:
6792:
6790:
6771:
6770:
6763:
6753:
6751:
6741:
6734:
6719:
6715:
6702:
6698:
6677:
6676:
6669:
6667:
6662:
6660:
6651:
6618:
6614:
6607:
6599:. p. 137.
6587:
6583:
6573:
6571:
6561:
6554:
6544:
6542:
6537:
6536:
6532:
6522:
6520:
6512:
6511:
6507:
6497:
6495:
6487:
6486:
6482:
6472:
6470:
6457:
6456:
6452:
6442:
6440:
6438:www.yjastar.com
6432:
6431:
6427:
6417:
6415:
6400:
6396:
6386:
6384:
6383:on 15 July 2016
6369:
6365:
6358:
6344:
6337:
6327:
6325:
6308:
6304:
6294:
6292:
6290:
6279:
6271:
6264:
6250:Wayback Machine
6240:
6236:
6229:
6215:
6211:
6198:
6196:
6179:
6178:
6174:
6159:
6155:
6145:
6143:
6129:
6125:
6115:
6113:
6105:
6104:
6100:
6043:
6039:
6034:
6030:
6025:
6021:
6011:
6009:
5991:
5987:
5977:
5975:
5974:on 16 July 2023
5962:
5961:
5957:
5947:
5945:
5934:
5933:
5929:
5922:
5899:
5895:
5885:
5883:
5876:
5872:
5871:
5867:
5858:
5854:
5847:
5830:
5826:
5819:
5802:
5798:
5791:
5771:
5767:
5757:
5755:
5744:
5743:
5739:
5729:
5727:
5725:
5709:
5705:
5694:
5678:
5674:
5664:
5662:
5653:
5652:
5648:
5638:
5636:
5634:Huffington Post
5626:
5622:
5612:
5610:
5600:
5596:
5587:
5578:
5565:
5561:
5526:Social Problems
5518:
5514:
5507:
5493:
5482:
5475:
5459:
5455:
5446:
5442:
5432:
5430:
5422:
5421:
5417:
5410:
5394:
5387:
5382:
5378:
5369:
5367:
5357:
5323:
5319:
5313:Wayback Machine
5304:Dahlman, Carl.
5303:
5299:
5283:
5279:
5269:
5267:
5250:
5246:
5236:
5234:
5216:
5212:
5202:
5200:
5188:
5184:
5174:
5172:
5164:
5163:
5156:
5135:(10): 901–920.
5121:
5117:
5107:
5105:
5097:
5096:
5089:
5079:
5077:
5069:
5068:
5064:
5054:
5052:
5037:
5033:
5022:
5018:
5007:
4996:The Middle East
4991:
4987:
4944:
4940:
4933:
4925:. p. 134.
4913:
4906:
4891:
4884:
4877:
4869:. p. 100.
4857:
4850:
4819:
4806:
4796:
4794:
4785:tagesschau.de.
4783:
4779:
4769:
4767:
4758:
4757:
4750:
4740:
4738:
4731:
4724:
4714:
4712:
4710:
4695:
4689:
4688:
4681:
4657:
4650:
4633:
4624:
4614:
4612:
4602:
4598:
4588:
4586:
4576:
4572:
4562:
4560:
4545:
4541:
4531:
4529:
4520:
4519:
4515:
4502:
4500:
4488:
4484:
4474:
4472:
4460:
4456:
4446:
4444:
4426:
4422:
4412:
4410:
4399:
4398:
4394:
4351:
4347:
4337:
4335:
4326:
4325:
4321:
4311:
4309:
4294:
4290:
4280:
4278:
4270:
4266:
4265:
4261:
4251:
4249:
4241:
4240:
4236:
4226:
4224:
4219:
4218:
4211:
4201:
4199:
4197:
4189:. p. 217.
4177:
4166:
4157:
4156:
4152:
4142:
4140:
4135:
4134:
4130:
4120:
4118:
4109:
4108:
4104:
4091:
4090:
4086:
4076:
4074:
4065:
4064:
4060:
4050:
4048:
4039:
4038:
4034:
4021:
4020:
4016:
4007:
4006:
4002:
3993:
3992:
3988:
3978:
3976:
3967:
3963:
3962:
3958:
3946:
3942:
3941:
3937:
3928:
3927:
3923:
3913:
3911:
3907:
3886:
3882:
3881:
3877:
3867:
3865:
3855:
3854:
3850:
3840:
3838:
3828:
3827:
3823:
3810:
3808:
3798:
3797:
3793:
3780:
3778:
3768:
3767:
3763:
3750:
3748:
3736:
3732:
3687:
3683:
3678:. 15 July 1994.
3674:
3673:
3669:
3659:
3657:
3650:
3643:
3625:
3621:
3615:confederalism.'
3607:
3605:
3595:
3594:
3590:
3576:
3574:
3559:
3558:
3554:
3541:
3539:
3531:
3530:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3515:
3505:
3504:
3482:
3478:
3473:
3472:
3445:
3441:
3436:
3432:
3427:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3384:Sinjar Alliance
3273:
3251:
3228:İstiklal Avenue
3184:
3131:
3130:
3129:
3128:
3113:
3112:
3111:
3102:
3101:
3100:
3091:
3090:
3080:
3074:
3071:
3068:
3059:
3055:
3048:
3042:
3014:Abdullah Ocalan
2998:Siege of Kobanî
2974:
2968:
2931:Murat Karayılan
2923:
2917:
2912:
2874:
2851:
2839:Abdullah Öcalan
2800:
2772:
2677:
2629:Iraqi Kurdistan
2577:
2536:
2531:
2525:
2520:
2519:
2518:
2517:
2516:
2513:
2505:
2504:
2501:
2493:
2492:
2489:
2481:
2480:
2477:
2469:
2468:
2465:
2454:
2449:
2448:
2447:
2446:
2445:
2442:
2434:
2433:
2430:
2422:
2421:
2420:
2409:
2401:
2400:
2397:
2389:
2388:
2385:
2374:
2369:
2352:
2218:
2197:Heinrich Lummer
2122:Muammar Gaddafi
2093:Abdullah Öcalan
2046:
2033:
2031:Human resources
1946:
1934:
1929:
1849:71.6% from the
1814:
1766:
1750:suicide bombers
1746:
1714:
1706:Bernd Riexinger
1673:Heinrich Lummer
1669:Manfred Kanther
1653:
1652:
1651:
1650:
1642:
1641:
1640:
1632:
1631:
1620:
1580:
1516:
1510:
1410:
1404:
1375:
1335:
1311:
1279:
1243:
1218:
1206:
1199:
1197:Cultural branch
1167:
1146:Murat Karayılan
1139:
1117:
1073:, through the '
1032:
1010:
999:
982:Kurds in Turkey
962:Kurdish culture
945:
927:Abdullah Öcalan
911:
859:Abdullah Öcalan
807:within Turkey.
743:
732:
730:
719:
717:
706:
704:
693:
691:
680:
678:
667:
665:
654:
652:
641:
639:
628:
626:
615:
613:
602:
600:
589:
587:
573:
517:
515:
504:
502:
491:
489:
477:
467:
452:
450:
440:
438:
428:
426:
416:
414:
404:
402:
392:
390:
380:
378:
368:
366:
356:
354:
344:
342:
332:
330:
320:
318:
298:
289:
279:
266:
252:Anti-capitalism
207:
196:
194:
183:
181:
170:
168:
157:
155:
144:
142:
127:
125:
122:
116:
111:
77:Murat Karayılan
65:Abdullah Öcalan
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
15199:
15189:
15188:
15183:
15178:
15173:
15168:
15163:
15158:
15153:
15148:
15143:
15138:
15133:
15128:
15123:
15118:
15113:
15108:
15103:
15098:
15093:
15088:
15083:
15078:
15073:
15056:
15055:
15053:
15052:
15045:
15043:
15037:
15036:
15034:
15033:
15027:
15026:(THKP-C/MLSPB)
15021:
15015:
15009:
15003:
14997:
14990:
14988:
14982:
14981:
14965:
14964:
14957:
14950:
14942:
14933:
14932:
14930:
14929:
14924:
14919:
14914:
14909:
14904:
14899:
14894:
14889:
14884:
14878:
14875:
14874:
14871:
14870:
14868:
14867:
14861:
14855:
14850:
14844:
14838:
14832:
14826:
14820:
14814:
14808:
14802:
14796:
14790:
14784:
14778:
14772:
14766:
14760:
14754:
14748:
14742:
14735:
14733:
14727:
14726:
14724:
14723:
14717:
14711:
14705:
14699:
14693:
14687:
14682:
14675:
14673:
14666:
14660:
14659:
14656:
14655:
14653:
14652:
14646:
14641:
14635:
14629:
14624:
14617:
14615:
14611:
14610:
14608:
14607:
14602:
14596:
14590:
14584:
14582:
14575:
14569:
14568:
14565:
14564:
14562:
14561:
14556:
14550:
14548:
14541:
14535:
14534:
14531:
14530:
14528:
14527:
14522:
14517:
14511:
14505:
14499:
14494:
14492:Kurdistan List
14489:
14483:
14477:
14471:
14466:
14460:
14455:
14450:
14445:
14439:
14433:
14428:
14423:
14417:
14411:
14405:
14403:
14399:
14398:
14396:
14395:
14390:
14385:
14380:
14374:
14368:
14362:
14360:
14353:
14347:
14346:
14343:
14342:
14340:
14339:
14334:
14328:
14326:
14322:
14321:
14319:
14318:
14313:
14308:
14302:
14296:
14290:
14284:
14279:
14273:
14271:
14264:
14258:
14257:
14254:
14253:
14251:
14250:
14244:
14242:
14235:
14229:
14228:
14221:
14220:
14213:
14206:
14198:
14189:
14188:
14185:
14184:
14182:
14181:
14176:
14171:
14166:
14161:
14156:
14151:
14146:
14141:
14135:
14133:
14129:
14128:
14126:
14125:
14120:
14115:
14109:
14107:
14093:
14089:
14088:
14085:
14084:
14082:
14081:
14079:Süleyman Soylu
14076:
14071:
14066:
14061:
14056:
14051:
14046:
14041:
14036:
14031:
14026:
14021:
14016:
14010:
14008:
14004:
14003:
14001:
14000:
13995:
13990:
13985:
13980:
13975:
13970:
13965:
13960:
13955:
13950:
13945:
13940:
13935:
13930:
13928:Necip Torumtay
13925:
13920:
13918:Nurettin Ersin
13915:
13910:
13905:
13899:
13897:
13890:
13886:
13885:
13882:
13881:
13879:
13878:
13873:
13871:Osman Baydemir
13868:
13866:Fatma Kurtulan
13863:
13858:
13856:Sebahat Tuncel
13853:
13848:
13843:
13841:Gültan Kışanak
13838:
13833:
13828:
13823:
13818:
13813:
13808:
13803:
13798:
13793:
13788:
13783:
13777:
13775:
13771:
13770:
13768:
13767:
13762:
13757:
13752:
13747:
13742:
13740:Nizamettin Taş
13737:
13732:
13730:Mahsum Korkmaz
13727:
13722:
13717:
13712:
13710:Mustafa Karasu
13707:
13702:
13697:
13692:
13686:
13684:
13677:
13673:
13672:
13670:
13669:
13664:
13659:
13654:
13649:
13643:
13641:
13635:
13634:
13631:
13630:
13628:
13627:
13621:
13619:
13615:
13614:
13612:
13611:
13606:
13601:
13596:
13591:
13586:
13581:
13576:
13571:
13566:
13561:
13555:
13553:
13544:
13540:
13539:
13536:
13535:
13533:
13532:
13527:
13522:
13517:
13512:
13511:
13510:
13500:
13495:
13490:
13485:
13480:
13475:
13470:
13465:
13460:
13455:
13450:
13445:
13440:
13435:
13430:
13425:
13420:
13415:
13410:
13405:
13400:
13395:
13390:
13385:
13379:
13377:
13371:
13370:
13368:
13367:
13362:
13357:
13352:
13347:
13342:
13337:
13332:
13327:
13322:
13317:
13312:
13307:
13302:
13297:
13292:
13287:
13282:
13276:
13274:
13270:
13269:
13264:
13262:
13258:
13257:
13255:
13254:
13253:
13252:
13242:
13237:
13235:Operation Dawn
13232:
13227:
13222:
13220:Siege of Varto
13217:
13212:
13207:
13205:Operation Hawk
13202:
13197:
13192:
13187:
13182:
13177:
13172:
13170:Battle of Kulp
13167:
13162:
13157:
13152:
13147:
13142:
13137:
13132:
13127:
13121:
13119:
13115:
13114:
13112:
13111:
13106:
13104:Maraş massacre
13101:
13095:
13093:
13086:
13082:
13081:
13078:
13077:
13075:
13074:
13073:(2023–present)
13068:
13067:(2014–present)
13062:
13061:(2012–present)
13056:
13050:
13044:
13038:
13032:
13026:
13020:
13013:
13011:
13005:
13004:
13002:
13001:
12986:
12981:
12975:
12973:
12969:
12968:
12966:
12965:
12953:
12948:
12943:
12937:
12924:
12918:
12906:
12894:
12882:
12870:
12864:
12858:
12852:
12846:
12840:
12834:
12828:
12822:
12816:
12810:
12804:
12798:
12792:
12786:
12780:
12767:
12754:
12753:
12752:
12735:
12722:
12720:
12713:
12706:
12705:
12702:
12701:
12699:
12698:
12693:
12688:
12683:
12678:
12673:
12667:
12665:
12659:
12658:
12656:
12655:
12653:Village Guards
12650:
12645:
12640:
12635:
12630:
12625:
12620:
12615:
12610:
12605:
12599:
12597:
12590:
12576:
12575:
12573:
12572:
12567:
12561:
12558:
12557:
12550:
12549:
12542:
12535:
12527:
12521:
12520:
12513:
12506:
12503:
12500:
12499:
12474:
12448:
12430:
12412:
12394:
12376:
12344:
12322:
12315:. Al Jazeera.
12304:
12286:
12261:
12239:
12213:
12187:
12165:
12135:
12109:
12083:
12060:
12049:. 15 July 2014
12034:
12012:
11998:
11976:
11954:
11942:
11914:
11881:
11854:
11826:
11796:
11775:
11750:
11723:
11702:
11676:
11670:978-1783600403
11669:
11651:
11645:978-1783600403
11644:
11626:
11595:
11564:
11540:
11514:
11508:978-1136938672
11507:
11486:
11480:978-1783600373
11479:
11458:
11436:
11429:
11407:
11400:
11380:
11373:
11353:
11328:
11307:
11301:978-1135140632
11300:
11280:
11274:978-0292758131
11273:
11253:
11246:
11220:
11214:978-1564321909
11213:
11188:
11179:|journal=
11142:
11133:|journal=
11096:
11087:|journal=
11050:
11025:
11002:
10993:
10968:
10965:. antiwar.com.
10950:
10923:
10898:
10876:
10844:
10831:978-1135140717
10830:
10810:
10804:978-0549422532
10803:
10783:
10776:
10754:
10728:
10722:978-0374102005
10721:
10703:
10691:
10685:978-1136587986
10684:
10666:
10660:978-0415366878
10659:
10641:
10608:
10554:
10524:
10517:
10499:
10492:
10472:
10469:978-8690830923
10452:
10423:(2): 169–189.
10407:
10382:
10355:
10349:978-1783600373
10348:
10330:
10321:
10312:
10306:978-0814759561
10305:
10281:
10239:
10209:
10176:
10162:
10139:
10128:on 17 May 2019
10099:
10085:Deutsche Welle
10071:
10043:
10017:
10004:Berner Zeitung
9991:
9963:
9930:
9893:
9890:. 3 July 2022.
9875:
9857:
9832:
9806:
9781:
9755:
9733:
9711:
9684:
9654:
9642:
9616:
9602:
9582:
9549:
9523:
9492:
9465:
9452:978-0788123597
9451:
9432:
9413:
9391:
9361:
9339:
9309:
9289:
9278:. 2 March 2019
9263:
9242:
9224:(in Swedish).
9206:
9177:
9166:. 10 June 2020
9151:
9133:
9103:
9085:
9048:
9020:
9006:
8979:
8949:
8923:
8897:
8866:
8833:
8815:
8797:
8766:
8746:
8730:
8709:
8653:
8650:. 12 May 2017.
8639:
8636:. 8 June 2022.
8618:
8588:
8562:
8527:
8517:978-0203928967
8516:
8498:
8470:
8440:
8414:
8386:
8366:
8360:978-0814757116
8359:
8333:
8309:
8287:
8264:
8233:
8215:
8185:
8154:
8117:
8086:
8072:(in Turkish).
8055:
8028:(4): 433–450.
8008:
7969:(1): 107–110.
7949:
7894:
7883:. 25 July 2015
7868:
7841:
7816:
7787:
7757:
7731:
7703:
7689:
7683:978-0190912246
7682:
7658:
7655:. p. 443.
7643:
7609:
7573:
7547:
7518:
7497:
7471:
7443:
7409:
7395:
7362:
7335:
7308:
7283:
7257:
7232:
7206:
7184:
7153:
7131:
7109:
7087:
7061:
7050:on 6 June 2012
7035:
7029:Bijî Serok Apo
6992:
6959:
6931:
6902:
6874:
6863:. 11 July 2014
6846:
6816:
6804:
6781:(in Turkish).
6761:
6732:
6713:
6696:
6649:
6612:
6606:978-1136938672
6605:
6581:
6552:
6530:
6505:
6480:
6450:
6425:
6394:
6363:
6357:978-1136587986
6356:
6335:
6302:
6289:978-3946459217
6288:
6262:
6234:
6228:978-1783600403
6227:
6209:
6172:
6153:
6123:
6098:
6037:
6028:
6019:
5985:
5955:
5927:
5921:978-0415350020
5920:
5914:. p. 32.
5893:
5881:Freeocalan.org
5865:
5852:
5846:978-1136938672
5845:
5824:
5818:978-1317581529
5817:
5796:
5790:978-0521888783
5789:
5765:
5737:
5724:978-1783600403
5723:
5703:
5693:978-0814795873
5692:
5672:
5646:
5620:
5594:
5576:
5559:
5532:(2): 273–274.
5512:
5506:978-9047420118
5505:
5480:
5474:978-0275965907
5473:
5453:
5440:
5415:
5408:
5385:
5376:
5356:978-1108838504
5355:
5341:, p. 75,
5317:
5297:
5277:
5244:
5210:
5182:
5154:
5115:
5087:
5062:
5031:
5016:
5006:978-1544358215
5005:
4985:
4938:
4932:978-1107054608
4931:
4904:
4894:Minority Rules
4882:
4875:
4848:
4829:(8): 233–256.
4804:
4777:
4748:
4737:. Reuters (UK)
4722:
4709:978-1564327086
4708:
4679:
4648:
4622:
4596:
4570:
4539:
4513:
4482:
4454:
4420:
4406:Bloomberg News
4392:
4365:(3): 279–301.
4345:
4319:
4288:
4259:
4234:
4209:
4196:978-1107069107
4195:
4164:
4150:
4128:
4102:
4084:
4058:
4032:
4027:www.mofa.go.jp
4014:
4000:
3986:
3956:
3953:. 29 May 2019.
3935:
3921:
3875:
3848:
3821:
3791:
3761:
3730:
3701:(1): 115–133.
3681:
3667:
3641:
3619:
3588:
3552:
3523:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3514:
3513:
3475:
3474:
3471:
3470:
3439:
3430:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3315:
3309:
3303:
3297:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3250:
3247:
3243:Süleyman Soylu
3226:took place on
3115:
3114:
3105:
3104:
3103:
3094:
3093:
3092:
3088:
3087:
3086:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3062:
3060:
3053:
3044:Main article:
3041:
3038:
2970:Main article:
2967:
2964:
2919:Main article:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2873:
2870:
2850:
2847:
2835:Nizamettin Taş
2799:
2796:
2771:
2768:
2692:Jalal Talabani
2685:Saddam Hussein
2676:
2673:
2636:village guards
2609:Masoud Barzani
2607:and also with
2605:Samir Ghawshah
2585:Hafez al-Assad
2576:
2573:
2564:demonstrations
2535:
2532:
2527:Main article:
2524:
2521:
2514:
2507:
2506:
2502:
2495:
2494:
2490:
2483:
2482:
2478:
2471:
2470:
2466:
2459:
2458:
2457:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2452:Flags of wings
2450:
2443:
2436:
2435:
2431:
2424:
2423:
2419:
2418:
2415:
2411:
2410:
2403:
2402:
2398:
2391:
2390:
2386:
2379:
2378:
2377:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:organization.
2351:
2348:
2283:European Union
2217:
2214:
2213:
2212:
2168:
2161:
2157:
2156:
2133:
2126:
2125:
2118:
2114:
2113:
2101:
2097:
2096:
2089:
2085:
2084:
2062:
2045:
2042:
2032:
2029:
2007:Following the
1945:
1942:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1892:Czechoslovakia
1888:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1866:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1855:
1854:
1847:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1827:
1826:
1813:
1810:
1765:
1762:
1745:
1742:
1713:
1710:
1690:Horst Seehofer
1661:self-immolated
1644:
1643:
1634:
1633:
1625:
1624:
1623:
1622:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1579:
1576:
1560:secret witness
1509:
1506:
1406:Main article:
1403:
1400:
1395:demonstrations
1374:
1371:
1334:
1333:Training camps
1331:
1310:
1307:
1278:
1275:
1242:
1239:
1216:Koma Berxwedan
1198:
1195:
1166:
1163:
1155:Fehman Huseyin
1138:
1135:
1131:Zoroastrianism
1121:Friday prayers
1116:
1113:
1108:Bijî Serok Apo
1086:United Nations
1031:
1028:
995:, Baki Karer,
974:Turkish people
921:(THKO) or the
910:
907:
899:child soldiers
897:and recruited
893:. The PKK has
889:and targeting
887:terror tactics
855:15 August 1984
803:and increased
745:
744:
742:
741:
728:
726:United Kingdom
715:
702:
689:
676:
663:
650:
637:
624:
611:
609:European Union
598:
584:
582:
575:
574:
572:
571:
566:
561:
556:
551:
546:
541:
535:
533:
529:
528:
527:
526:
513:
511:European Union
500:
487:
473:
469:
468:
466:
465:
460:
448:
436:
424:
412:
400:
388:
376:
364:
352:
340:
328:
315:
313:
309:
308:
305:
301:
300:
297:
296:
290:
287:
281:
280:
278:
277:
271:
265:
264:
259:
254:
249:
244:
239:
234:
227:
225:
219:
218:
213:
209:
208:
206:
205:
192:
179:
166:
153:
139:
137:
133:
132:
119:
113:
112:
110:
109:
107:Mustafa Karasu
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
61:
59:
55:
54:
46:
45:
39:
38:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
15198:
15187:
15184:
15182:
15179:
15177:
15174:
15172:
15169:
15167:
15164:
15162:
15159:
15157:
15154:
15152:
15149:
15147:
15144:
15142:
15139:
15137:
15134:
15132:
15129:
15127:
15124:
15122:
15119:
15117:
15114:
15112:
15109:
15107:
15104:
15102:
15099:
15097:
15094:
15092:
15089:
15087:
15084:
15082:
15079:
15077:
15074:
15072:
15069:
15068:
15066:
15050:
15047:
15046:
15044:
15038:
15031:
15028:
15025:
15022:
15019:
15016:
15013:
15010:
15007:
15004:
15001:
14998:
14995:
14992:
14991:
14989:
14983:
14979:
14963:
14958:
14956:
14951:
14949:
14944:
14943:
14940:
14928:
14925:
14923:
14920:
14918:
14915:
14913:
14910:
14908:
14905:
14903:
14900:
14898:
14895:
14893:
14890:
14888:
14885:
14883:
14880:
14879:
14876:
14865:
14862:
14859:
14856:
14854:
14851:
14848:
14845:
14842:
14839:
14836:
14833:
14830:
14827:
14824:
14821:
14818:
14815:
14812:
14809:
14806:
14803:
14800:
14797:
14794:
14791:
14788:
14785:
14782:
14779:
14776:
14773:
14770:
14767:
14764:
14761:
14758:
14755:
14752:
14749:
14746:
14743:
14740:
14737:
14736:
14734:
14732:
14728:
14721:
14718:
14715:
14712:
14709:
14706:
14703:
14700:
14697:
14694:
14691:
14688:
14686:
14683:
14680:
14677:
14676:
14674:
14670:
14667:
14665:
14661:
14650:
14647:
14645:
14642:
14639:
14636:
14633:
14630:
14628:
14625:
14622:
14619:
14618:
14616:
14612:
14606:
14605:Kurdish Front
14603:
14600:
14597:
14594:
14591:
14589:
14586:
14585:
14583:
14579:
14576:
14574:
14570:
14560:
14559:Razkari Party
14557:
14555:
14552:
14551:
14549:
14545:
14542:
14540:
14536:
14526:
14523:
14521:
14518:
14515:
14512:
14509:
14506:
14503:
14500:
14498:
14495:
14493:
14490:
14487:
14484:
14481:
14478:
14475:
14472:
14470:
14467:
14464:
14461:
14459:
14456:
14454:
14451:
14449:
14446:
14443:
14440:
14437:
14434:
14432:
14429:
14427:
14424:
14421:
14418:
14415:
14412:
14410:
14407:
14406:
14404:
14400:
14394:
14391:
14389:
14386:
14384:
14381:
14378:
14375:
14372:
14369:
14367:
14364:
14363:
14361:
14357:
14354:
14352:
14348:
14338:
14335:
14333:
14330:
14329:
14327:
14323:
14317:
14316:Sipay Rizgari
14314:
14312:
14309:
14306:
14303:
14300:
14297:
14294:
14291:
14288:
14285:
14283:
14282:Komalah (CPI)
14280:
14278:
14275:
14274:
14272:
14268:
14265:
14263:
14259:
14249:
14246:
14245:
14243:
14239:
14236:
14234:
14230:
14226:
14219:
14214:
14212:
14207:
14205:
14200:
14199:
14196:
14180:
14177:
14175:
14172:
14170:
14167:
14165:
14162:
14160:
14157:
14155:
14152:
14150:
14147:
14145:
14142:
14140:
14137:
14136:
14134:
14130:
14124:
14121:
14119:
14116:
14114:
14111:
14110:
14108:
14106:
14101:
14097:
14094:
14090:
14080:
14077:
14075:
14072:
14070:
14067:
14065:
14062:
14060:
14057:
14055:
14052:
14050:
14047:
14045:
14042:
14040:
14037:
14035:
14032:
14030:
14027:
14025:
14024:Bülent Ecevit
14022:
14020:
14017:
14015:
14012:
14011:
14009:
14005:
13999:
13996:
13994:
13991:
13989:
13986:
13984:
13981:
13979:
13976:
13974:
13971:
13969:
13966:
13964:
13961:
13959:
13956:
13954:
13951:
13949:
13946:
13944:
13941:
13939:
13936:
13934:
13931:
13929:
13926:
13924:
13921:
13919:
13916:
13914:
13911:
13909:
13906:
13904:
13901:
13900:
13898:
13894:
13891:
13887:
13877:
13874:
13872:
13869:
13867:
13864:
13862:
13859:
13857:
13854:
13852:
13849:
13847:
13846:Pervin Buldan
13844:
13842:
13839:
13837:
13836:Ayla Akat Ata
13834:
13832:
13829:
13827:
13824:
13822:
13819:
13817:
13814:
13812:
13809:
13807:
13804:
13802:
13799:
13797:
13794:
13792:
13789:
13787:
13784:
13782:
13779:
13778:
13776:
13772:
13766:
13763:
13761:
13760:Celal Başkale
13758:
13756:
13753:
13751:
13748:
13746:
13743:
13741:
13738:
13736:
13733:
13731:
13728:
13726:
13723:
13721:
13718:
13716:
13713:
13711:
13708:
13706:
13703:
13701:
13698:
13696:
13693:
13691:
13688:
13687:
13685:
13681:
13678:
13674:
13668:
13665:
13663:
13660:
13658:
13655:
13653:
13650:
13648:
13645:
13644:
13642:
13638:Peace process
13636:
13626:
13623:
13622:
13620:
13616:
13610:
13607:
13605:
13602:
13600:
13597:
13595:
13592:
13590:
13587:
13585:
13582:
13580:
13577:
13575:
13572:
13570:
13567:
13565:
13562:
13560:
13557:
13556:
13554:
13552:
13548:
13545:
13541:
13531:
13528:
13526:
13523:
13521:
13518:
13516:
13513:
13509:
13506:
13505:
13504:
13501:
13499:
13496:
13494:
13491:
13489:
13486:
13484:
13481:
13479:
13476:
13474:
13471:
13469:
13466:
13464:
13461:
13459:
13456:
13454:
13451:
13449:
13446:
13444:
13441:
13439:
13436:
13434:
13431:
13429:
13426:
13424:
13421:
13419:
13416:
13414:
13411:
13409:
13406:
13404:
13401:
13399:
13396:
13394:
13391:
13389:
13386:
13384:
13381:
13380:
13378:
13376:
13372:
13366:
13363:
13361:
13358:
13356:
13353:
13351:
13348:
13346:
13343:
13341:
13338:
13336:
13333:
13331:
13328:
13326:
13323:
13321:
13318:
13316:
13313:
13311:
13308:
13306:
13303:
13301:
13298:
13296:
13293:
13291:
13288:
13286:
13283:
13281:
13278:
13277:
13275:
13271:
13267:
13263:
13259:
13251:
13248:
13247:
13246:
13243:
13241:
13238:
13236:
13233:
13231:
13228:
13226:
13225:Sazak assault
13223:
13221:
13218:
13216:
13213:
13211:
13208:
13206:
13203:
13201:
13198:
13196:
13193:
13191:
13190:Lice massacre
13188:
13186:
13183:
13181:
13178:
13176:
13173:
13171:
13168:
13166:
13163:
13161:
13158:
13156:
13153:
13151:
13148:
13146:
13143:
13141:
13138:
13136:
13133:
13131:
13128:
13126:
13123:
13122:
13120:
13116:
13110:
13107:
13105:
13102:
13100:
13097:
13096:
13094:
13090:
13087:
13083:
13072:
13069:
13066:
13063:
13060:
13057:
13054:
13051:
13048:
13045:
13042:
13039:
13036:
13033:
13030:
13027:
13024:
13021:
13018:
13015:
13014:
13012:
13010:
13006:
12997:
12987:
12985:
12982:
12980:
12977:
12976:
12974:
12970:
12962:
12957:
12954:
12952:
12949:
12947:
12944:
12941:
12938:
12935:
12925:
12922:
12919:
12917:
12907:
12905:
12895:
12893:
12883:
12881:
12871:
12868:
12865:
12862:
12859:
12856:
12853:
12850:
12847:
12844:
12841:
12838:
12835:
12832:
12829:
12826:
12823:
12820:
12817:
12814:
12811:
12808:
12805:
12802:
12799:
12796:
12793:
12790:
12787:
12784:
12781:
12778:
12768:
12765:
12755:
12751:
12748:
12747:
12746:
12736:
12734:
12724:
12723:
12721:
12717:
12714:
12711:
12707:
12697:
12694:
12692:
12689:
12687:
12684:
12682:
12679:
12677:
12674:
12672:
12669:
12668:
12666:
12664:
12660:
12654:
12651:
12649:
12646:
12644:
12641:
12639:
12636:
12634:
12631:
12629:
12626:
12624:
12621:
12619:
12616:
12614:
12611:
12609:
12606:
12604:
12601:
12600:
12598:
12594:
12591:
12589:
12577:
12571:
12568:
12566:
12563:
12562:
12559:
12555:
12548:
12543:
12541:
12536:
12534:
12529:
12528:
12525:
12518:
12514:
12512:
12509:
12508:
12488:
12484:
12478:
12462:
12458:
12452:
12444:
12440:
12434:
12426:
12422:
12416:
12408:
12404:
12398:
12390:
12386:
12380:
12364:
12360:
12355:
12348:
12341:
12337:
12333:
12326:
12319:
12314:
12308:
12300:
12296:
12290:
12282:
12278:
12277:
12272:
12265:
12249:
12243:
12227:
12223:
12217:
12201:
12197:
12191:
12175:
12169:
12153:
12149:
12145:
12139:
12124:
12120:
12113:
12097:
12093:
12087:
12071:
12064:
12048:
12044:
12038:
12022:
12016:
12008:
12002:
11986:
11980:
11964:
11958:
11951:
11946:
11931:
11930:
11925:
11918:
11902:
11898:
11892:
11890:
11888:
11886:
11870:
11869:
11864:
11858:
11843:
11842:
11837:
11830:
11815:
11811:
11807:
11800:
11785:
11779:
11763:
11757:
11755:
11738:
11734:
11727:
11720:
11716:
11712:
11706:
11690:
11686:
11680:
11672:
11666:
11662:
11655:
11647:
11641:
11637:
11630:
11614:
11610:
11606:
11599:
11583:
11579:
11575:
11568:
11561:
11556:
11552:
11549:
11544:
11529:
11525:
11518:
11510:
11504:
11500:
11493:
11491:
11482:
11476:
11472:
11465:
11463:
11446:
11440:
11432:
11426:
11421:
11420:
11411:
11403:
11397:
11393:
11392:
11384:
11376:
11370:
11366:
11365:
11357:
11342:
11338:
11332:
11324:
11317:
11311:
11303:
11297:
11293:
11292:
11284:
11276:
11270:
11266:
11265:
11257:
11249:
11243:
11239:
11234:
11233:
11224:
11216:
11210:
11206:
11201:
11200:
11192:
11184:
11171:
11152:
11146:
11138:
11125:
11106:
11100:
11092:
11079:
11060:
11054:
11039:
11035:
11029:
11022:
11018:
11015:
11011:
11006:
10997:
10982:
10978:
10972:
10964:
10960:
10954:
10938:
10934:
10927:
10912:
10908:
10902:
10886:
10880:
10864:
10860:
10859:
10854:
10848:
10833:
10827:
10824:. Routledge.
10823:
10822:
10814:
10806:
10800:
10797:. p. 4.
10796:
10795:
10787:
10779:
10773:
10768:
10767:
10758:
10742:
10738:
10732:
10724:
10718:
10714:
10707:
10698:
10696:
10687:
10681:
10677:
10670:
10662:
10656:
10652:
10645:
10626:
10619:
10612:
10604:
10600:
10596:
10592:
10588:
10584:
10580:
10576:
10572:
10568:
10564:
10558:
10542:
10538:
10534:
10528:
10520:
10514:
10510:
10503:
10495:
10489:
10485:
10484:
10476:
10470:
10466:
10462:
10456:
10448:
10444:
10439:
10434:
10430:
10426:
10422:
10418:
10411:
10396:
10392:
10386:
10370:
10366:
10359:
10351:
10345:
10341:
10334:
10325:
10316:
10308:
10302:
10298:
10294:
10293:
10285:
10277:
10273:
10269:
10265:
10261:
10257:
10253:
10249:
10243:
10227:
10223:
10219:
10213:
10197:
10193:
10189:
10183:
10181:
10172:
10166:
10150:
10143:
10127:
10123:
10119:
10112:
10110:
10108:
10106:
10104:
10087:
10086:
10081:
10075:
10059:
10058:
10053:
10047:
10032:
10028:
10021:
10005:
10001:
9995:
9980:
9979:
9974:
9967:
9951:
9947:
9946:
9941:
9934:
9915:
9911:
9904:
9897:
9889:
9885:
9879:
9871:
9867:
9861:
9846:
9845:www.rudaw.net
9842:
9836:
9820:
9816:
9810:
9791:
9785:
9769:
9765:
9759:
9743:
9737:
9721:
9715:
9699:
9695:
9688:
9672:
9668:
9664:
9658:
9651:
9646:
9630:
9626:
9620:
9605:
9599:
9595:
9594:
9586:
9579:
9567:
9563:
9559:
9553:
9537:
9533:
9527:
9511:
9507:
9503:
9496:
9480:
9476:
9469:
9454:
9448:
9444:
9443:
9436:
9429:
9427:
9422:
9417:
9409:
9405:
9401:
9395:
9379:
9375:
9371:
9365:
9349:
9343:
9327:
9323:
9319:
9313:
9305:
9304:
9299:
9293:
9277:
9273:
9267:
9259:
9252:
9246:
9231:
9227:
9223:
9222:
9217:
9210:
9194:
9193:
9188:
9181:
9165:
9161:
9155:
9147:
9146:www.aa.com.tr
9143:
9137:
9121:
9117:
9113:
9107:
9099:
9095:
9089:
9074:on 4 May 2008
9073:
9069:
9065:
9064:
9059:
9052:
9036:
9035:
9030:
9024:
9017:
9015:
9009:
9003:
8999:
8995:
8994:
8989:
8983:
8967:
8963:
8959:
8953:
8937:
8933:
8927:
8911:
8907:
8901:
8885:
8881:
8877:
8870:
8854:
8850:
8846:
8840:
8838:
8829:
8825:
8819:
8811:
8807:
8801:
8793:
8789:
8785:
8781:
8777:
8770:
8762:
8761:
8756:
8750:
8743:
8737:
8735:
8726:
8725:
8720:
8713:
8705:
8701:
8697:
8693:
8689:
8685:
8681:
8677:
8673:
8672:
8667:
8663:
8662:Mango, Andrew
8657:
8649:
8643:
8635:
8631:
8625:
8623:
8606:
8602:
8598:
8592:
8576:
8572:
8566:
8550:
8546:
8545:The Telegraph
8541:
8534:
8532:
8524:
8519:
8513:
8509:
8502:
8486:
8485:
8480:
8474:
8458:
8454:
8450:
8444:
8428:
8424:
8418:
8403:
8402:
8397:
8390:
8382:
8381:
8376:
8370:
8362:
8356:
8352:
8347:
8346:
8337:
8330:
8329:public domain
8319:
8313:
8297:
8291:
8275:
8268:
8253:
8252:
8247:
8240:
8238:
8226:
8219:
8203:
8196:
8189:
8174:
8167:
8161:
8159:
8142:
8138:
8134:
8130:
8124:
8122:
8105:
8104:
8099:
8093:
8091:
8075:
8071:
8070:
8065:
8059:
8051:
8047:
8043:
8039:
8035:
8031:
8027:
8023:
8019:
8012:
8004:
8000:
7996:
7992:
7988:
7984:
7980:
7976:
7972:
7968:
7964:
7960:
7953:
7946:
7942:
7936:
7930:
7914:
7907:
7905:
7903:
7901:
7899:
7882:
7878:
7872:
7857:
7856:
7851:
7845:
7830:
7826:
7820:
7804:
7800:
7794:
7792:
7775:
7771:
7767:
7761:
7745:
7741:
7735:
7719:
7718:
7713:
7707:
7698:
7696:
7694:
7685:
7679:
7675:
7671:
7670:
7662:
7654:
7647:
7632:
7628:
7624:
7620:
7613:
7598:
7594:
7591:(in German).
7590:
7589:
7584:
7577:
7561:
7557:
7551:
7536:
7532:
7525:
7523:
7514:
7507:
7501:
7485:
7481:
7475:
7460:
7459:
7454:
7447:
7432:
7428:
7425:(in German).
7424:
7420:
7413:
7405:
7399:
7384:
7380:
7377:(in German).
7376:
7372:
7366:
7351:
7350:
7345:
7339:
7323:
7319:
7312:
7296:
7293:
7287:
7271:
7267:
7261:
7246:
7242:
7236:
7220:
7216:
7210:
7204:
7200:
7197:
7193:
7192:Today's Zaman
7188:
7172:
7168:
7164:
7157:
7151:
7147:
7144:
7140:
7139:Today's Zaman
7135:
7129:
7125:
7122:
7118:
7117:Today's Zaman
7113:
7105:
7101:
7097:
7091:
7076:
7072:
7065:
7049:
7045:
7039:
7032:
7030:
7026:
7022:
7008:
7007:
7002:
6996:
6980:
6976:
6975:
6970:
6963:
6947:
6946:
6941:
6935:
6919:
6918:
6913:
6906:
6890:
6889:
6884:
6878:
6862:
6861:
6856:
6850:
6835:
6834:
6826:
6820:
6811:
6809:
6801:
6788:
6784:
6780:
6779:
6774:
6768:
6766:
6750:
6749:openDemocracy
6746:
6739:
6737:
6728:
6724:
6717:
6710:
6706:
6700:
6693:
6687:
6681:
6665:
6658:
6656:
6654:
6645:
6641:
6636:
6631:
6627:
6623:
6616:
6608:
6602:
6598:
6594:
6593:
6585:
6570:
6566:
6559:
6557:
6540:
6534:
6519:
6515:
6509:
6494:
6490:
6484:
6468:
6464:
6460:
6454:
6439:
6435:
6429:
6413:
6409:
6405:
6398:
6382:
6378:
6374:
6367:
6359:
6353:
6349:
6342:
6340:
6323:
6319:
6315:
6312:
6306:
6291:
6285:
6278:
6277:
6269:
6267:
6259:
6255:
6251:
6247:
6244:
6238:
6230:
6224:
6220:
6213:
6206:
6194:
6190:
6186:
6182:
6176:
6170:
6167:
6163:
6157:
6142:
6138:
6134:
6127:
6112:
6108:
6102:
6094:
6090:
6086:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6068:
6064:
6060:
6056:
6052:
6048:
6041:
6032:
6023:
6008:
6004:
6000:
5996:
5989:
5973:
5969:
5965:
5959:
5943:
5942:
5937:
5931:
5923:
5917:
5913:
5909:
5908:
5903:
5902:Mango, Andrew
5897:
5882:
5875:
5869:
5862:
5856:
5848:
5842:
5838:
5837:
5828:
5820:
5814:
5811:. Routledge.
5810:
5809:
5800:
5792:
5786:
5782:
5778:
5777:
5769:
5753:
5752:
5747:
5741:
5726:
5720:
5716:
5715:
5707:
5700:
5695:
5689:
5685:
5684:
5676:
5660:
5656:
5650:
5635:
5631:
5624:
5609:
5605:
5598:
5591:
5585:
5583:
5581:
5572:
5571:
5563:
5555:
5551:
5547:
5543:
5539:
5535:
5531:
5527:
5523:
5516:
5508:
5502:
5498:
5491:
5489:
5487:
5485:
5476:
5470:
5466:
5465:
5457:
5450:
5444:
5429:
5425:
5419:
5411:
5405:
5401:
5400:
5392:
5390:
5380:
5366:
5362:
5358:
5352:
5348:
5344:
5340:
5336:
5332:
5328:
5321:
5314:
5310:
5307:
5301:
5295:
5291:
5287:
5281:
5265:
5261:
5260:
5255:
5248:
5233:
5229:
5225:
5221:
5214:
5199:
5198:
5193:
5186:
5171:
5167:
5161:
5159:
5150:
5146:
5142:
5138:
5134:
5130:
5126:
5119:
5104:
5100:
5094:
5092:
5076:
5072:
5066:
5051:
5050:
5045:
5041:
5035:
5027:
5020:
5013:
5008:
5002:
4998:
4997:
4989:
4981:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4953:
4949:
4942:
4934:
4928:
4924:
4920:
4919:
4911:
4909:
4901:
4900:
4895:
4889:
4887:
4878:
4872:
4868:
4864:
4863:
4855:
4853:
4844:
4840:
4836:
4832:
4828:
4824:
4817:
4815:
4813:
4811:
4809:
4792:
4791:tagesschau.de
4788:
4781:
4765:
4761:
4755:
4753:
4736:
4729:
4727:
4711:
4705:
4701:
4694:
4693:
4686:
4684:
4676:. p. 46.
4675:
4674:
4669:
4665:
4661:
4655:
4653:
4644:
4643:
4638:
4631:
4629:
4627:
4611:
4607:
4600:
4585:
4581:
4574:
4558:
4554:
4550:
4543:
4527:
4523:
4517:
4510:
4499:
4498:
4493:
4486:
4471:
4470:
4465:
4458:
4443:
4439:
4435:
4431:
4424:
4408:
4407:
4402:
4396:
4388:
4384:
4380:
4376:
4372:
4368:
4364:
4360:
4356:
4349:
4333:
4329:
4323:
4307:
4303:
4299:
4292:
4276:
4269:
4263:
4248:
4244:
4238:
4222:
4216:
4214:
4198:
4192:
4188:
4184:
4183:
4175:
4173:
4171:
4169:
4160:
4154:
4139:. Home Office
4138:
4132:
4116:
4112:
4106:
4098:
4094:
4088:
4072:
4068:
4062:
4046:
4042:
4036:
4028:
4024:
4018:
4010:
4004:
3996:
3990:
3975:
3974:
3966:
3960:
3952:
3945:
3939:
3931:
3925:
3906:
3902:
3898:
3894:
3893:
3885:
3879:
3864:
3863:
3858:
3852:
3837:
3836:
3831:
3825:
3818:
3807:
3806:
3801:
3795:
3788:
3777:
3776:
3771:
3765:
3758:
3747:
3746:
3741:
3734:
3726:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3700:
3696:
3692:
3685:
3677:
3671:
3655:
3648:
3646:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3623:
3616:
3604:
3603:
3598:
3592:
3584:
3572:
3568:
3567:
3562:
3556:
3549:
3538:
3534:
3528:
3524:
3508:
3502:
3497:
3485:
3480:
3476:
3468:
3464:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3443:
3434:
3425:
3421:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3319:
3316:
3313:
3310:
3307:
3304:
3301:
3298:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3279:
3276:
3275:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3252:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3220:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3158:
3154:
3152:
3147:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3109:
3098:
3078:
3066:
3061:
3052:
3051:
3047:
3037:
3033:
3031:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3010:
3006:
3003:
3002:Islamic State
2999:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2978:
2973:
2963:
2959:
2957:
2953:
2952:fighting them
2949:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2932:
2928:
2922:
2907:
2905:
2901:
2896:
2892:
2890:
2885:
2883:
2879:
2869:
2866:
2861:
2855:
2846:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2823:
2820:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2806:
2795:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2767:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2747:
2745:
2741:
2740:Zeynep Kınacı
2735:
2732:
2728:
2723:
2722:in May 1993.
2721:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2688:
2686:
2682:
2672:
2670:
2666:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2632:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2597:Yassir Arafat
2594:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2572:
2570:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2552:urban warfare
2545:
2540:
2530:
2511:
2499:
2487:
2475:
2463:
2440:
2428:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2407:
2395:
2383:
2364:
2360:
2357:
2347:
2345:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2300:
2295:
2293:
2288:
2284:
2279:
2277:
2276:Islamic State
2273:
2269:
2265:
2260:
2257:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2227:
2222:
2210:
2209:War on Terror
2206:
2202:
2201:Sedat Laçiner
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2169:
2166:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2081:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2052:
2041:
2038:
2028:
2026:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1970:Zübeyir Aydar
1967:
1962:
1960:
1956:
1951:
1941:
1939:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1809:
1807:
1802:
1800:
1799:guest workers
1795:
1790:
1783:
1778:
1770:
1761:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1741:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1723:
1718:
1709:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1648:
1638:
1629:
1615:
1613:
1609:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1585:
1575:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1537:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1521:
1515:
1505:
1502:
1498:
1493:
1491:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1454:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1415:
1409:
1399:
1396:
1388:
1384:
1379:
1370:
1366:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1306:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1288:
1283:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1222:
1217:
1213:
1210:
1205:
1194:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1179:popular front
1176:
1172:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1151:nom de guerre
1147:
1143:
1134:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1112:
1110:
1109:
1104:
1100:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1041:
1036:
1027:
1025:
1024:Justice Party
1020:
1014:
1009:
1003:
998:
994:
990:
985:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
949:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
906:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
883:peace process
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
851:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
824:
822:
818:
813:
808:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
781:northern Iraq
778:
774:
770:
767:
763:
760:
756:
752:
740:
729:
727:
716:
714:
703:
701:
690:
688:
677:
675:
664:
662:
651:
649:
638:
636:
635:United States
625:
623:
612:
610:
599:
597:
586:
585:
583:
580:
576:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
536:
534:
530:
525:
514:
512:
501:
499:
488:
486:
485:Islamic State
481:
476:
475:
474:
470:
464:
461:
459:
449:
447:
437:
435:
425:
423:
413:
411:
401:
399:
389:
387:
377:
375:
365:
363:
353:
351:
341:
339:
329:
327:
317:
316:
314:
310:
306:
302:
295:
292:
291:
288:
286:
282:
276:
273:
272:
269:
263:
260:
258:
255:
253:
250:
248:
247:Progressivism
245:
243:
240:
238:
235:
232:
229:
228:
226:
224:
220:
217:
214:
210:
203:
193:
190:
180:
177:
167:
164:
154:
151:
141:
140:
138:
134:
120:
114:
108:
105:
103:
100:
98:
97:Sozdar Avesta
95:
93:
90:
88:
85:
83:
80:
78:
75:
72:
66:
63:
62:
60:
56:
52:
47:
40:
33:
30:
19:
15005:
14678:
14069:Abdullah Gül
14054:Mesut Yılmaz
14049:Tansu Çiller
14039:Mesut Yılmaz
13983:Işık Koşaner
13978:İlker Başbuğ
13963:Faruk Cömert
13933:Eşref Bitlis
13913:Bülend Ulusu
13861:Kemal Burkay
13821:Aysel Tuğluk
13811:Murat Bozlak
13765:İsmail Özden
13745:Mazlum Doğan
13735:Şemdin Sakık
13725:Osman Öcalan
13715:Duran Kalkan
13375:2015–present
13085:The conflict
12851:(Kongra-Gel)
12744:
12516:
12490:. Retrieved
12486:
12477:
12465:. Retrieved
12461:the original
12451:
12442:
12433:
12424:
12415:
12397:
12388:
12379:
12367:. Retrieved
12358:
12347:
12339:
12335:
12325:
12316:
12307:
12298:
12289:
12281:the original
12274:
12264:
12252:. Retrieved
12242:
12230:. Retrieved
12225:
12216:
12204:. Retrieved
12199:
12190:
12178:. Retrieved
12168:
12156:. Retrieved
12152:the original
12147:
12138:
12126:. Retrieved
12122:
12112:
12100:. Retrieved
12095:
12086:
12074:. Retrieved
12063:
12051:. Retrieved
12046:
12037:
12025:. Retrieved
12023:. Al Jazeera
12015:
12001:
11989:. Retrieved
11987:. Al Jazeera
11979:
11967:. Retrieved
11965:. Al Jazeera
11957:
11945:
11933:. Retrieved
11929:The Guardian
11927:
11917:
11905:. Retrieved
11903:. 9 May 2013
11872:. Retrieved
11866:
11857:
11845:. Retrieved
11841:The Guardian
11839:
11829:
11817:. Retrieved
11809:
11799:
11787:. Retrieved
11778:
11766:. Retrieved
11741:. Retrieved
11737:the original
11726:
11705:
11693:. Retrieved
11689:the original
11679:
11660:
11654:
11635:
11629:
11617:. Retrieved
11613:the original
11608:
11598:
11586:. Retrieved
11582:the original
11577:
11574:"Kongra-Gel"
11567:
11558:
11543:
11531:. Retrieved
11527:
11517:
11498:
11470:
11449:. Retrieved
11439:
11418:
11410:
11390:
11383:
11363:
11356:
11344:. Retrieved
11340:
11331:
11323:Echr.coe.int
11322:
11310:
11290:
11283:
11263:
11256:
11231:
11223:
11198:
11191:
11170:cite journal
11158:. Retrieved
11145:
11124:cite journal
11112:. Retrieved
11099:
11078:cite journal
11066:. Retrieved
11053:
11041:. Retrieved
11037:
11028:
11005:
10996:
10984:. Retrieved
10980:
10971:
10959:Suri, Sanjay
10953:
10941:. Retrieved
10936:
10926:
10916:26 September
10914:. Retrieved
10910:
10901:
10891:26 September
10889:. Retrieved
10879:
10867:. Retrieved
10863:the original
10856:
10847:
10835:. Retrieved
10820:
10813:
10793:
10786:
10765:
10757:
10745:. Retrieved
10740:
10731:
10712:
10706:
10675:
10669:
10650:
10644:
10632:. Retrieved
10625:the original
10611:
10601:– via
10574:
10570:
10557:
10545:. Retrieved
10541:the original
10537:The Atlantic
10536:
10527:
10508:
10502:
10482:
10475:
10460:
10455:
10420:
10416:
10410:
10398:. Retrieved
10394:
10385:
10373:. Retrieved
10368:
10358:
10339:
10333:
10324:
10315:
10291:
10284:
10259:
10255:
10248:Tejel, Jordi
10242:
10230:. Retrieved
10226:the original
10221:
10212:
10200:. Retrieved
10196:the original
10191:
10165:
10153:. Retrieved
10142:
10130:. Retrieved
10126:the original
10090:. Retrieved
10083:
10074:
10062:. Retrieved
10055:
10046:
10034:. Retrieved
10030:
10020:
10008:. Retrieved
10003:
9994:
9982:. Retrieved
9976:
9966:
9954:. Retrieved
9950:the original
9943:
9933:
9921:. Retrieved
9914:the original
9909:
9896:
9887:
9878:
9869:
9860:
9848:. Retrieved
9844:
9835:
9823:. Retrieved
9819:the original
9809:
9797:. Retrieved
9784:
9772:. Retrieved
9768:the original
9758:
9746:. Retrieved
9736:
9724:. Retrieved
9714:
9702:. Retrieved
9698:the original
9687:
9675:. Retrieved
9671:the original
9657:
9645:
9633:. Retrieved
9629:the original
9619:
9607:. Retrieved
9596:. Springer.
9592:
9585:
9577:
9570:. Retrieved
9566:the original
9561:
9552:
9540:. Retrieved
9536:People Daily
9535:
9526:
9514:. Retrieved
9510:the original
9505:
9495:
9483:. Retrieved
9479:the original
9468:
9456:. Retrieved
9441:
9435:
9430:15 May 2018.
9426:Kurdistan 24
9424:
9416:
9394:
9382:. Retrieved
9378:the original
9373:
9364:
9352:. Retrieved
9342:
9330:. Retrieved
9326:the original
9321:
9312:
9301:
9292:
9280:. Retrieved
9275:
9266:
9257:
9245:
9233:. Retrieved
9219:
9209:
9197:. Retrieved
9190:
9180:
9168:. Retrieved
9163:
9154:
9145:
9136:
9124:. Retrieved
9120:the original
9115:
9106:
9098:Timeturk.com
9097:
9088:
9076:. Retrieved
9072:the original
9061:
9051:
9039:. Retrieved
9032:
9023:
9013:
9011:
8992:
8982:
8970:. Retrieved
8966:the original
8961:
8952:
8940:. Retrieved
8936:the original
8926:
8914:. Retrieved
8910:the original
8900:
8888:. Retrieved
8884:the original
8879:
8869:
8857:. Retrieved
8853:the original
8848:
8827:
8818:
8810:the original
8800:
8783:
8779:
8769:
8758:
8749:
8741:
8722:
8712:
8702:– via
8675:
8669:
8656:
8642:
8633:
8609:. Retrieved
8605:the original
8600:
8591:
8579:. Retrieved
8574:
8565:
8553:. Retrieved
8544:
8521:
8507:
8501:
8489:. Retrieved
8482:
8473:
8461:. Retrieved
8457:the original
8452:
8443:
8431:. Retrieved
8427:the original
8417:
8405:. Retrieved
8399:
8389:
8378:
8369:
8344:
8336:
8312:
8300:. Retrieved
8290:
8278:. Retrieved
8267:
8255:. Retrieved
8249:
8218:
8206:. Retrieved
8204:. p. 20
8201:
8188:
8176:. Retrieved
8172:
8145:. Retrieved
8141:the original
8132:
8108:. Retrieved
8106:(in Turkish)
8101:
8077:. Retrieved
8067:
8058:
8025:
8021:
8011:
8001:– via
7966:
7962:
7952:
7940:
7917:. Retrieved
7885:. Retrieved
7880:
7871:
7859:. Retrieved
7853:
7844:
7832:. Retrieved
7828:
7819:
7807:. Retrieved
7802:
7778:. Retrieved
7774:the original
7769:
7760:
7748:. Retrieved
7743:
7734:
7722:. Retrieved
7720:(in Turkish)
7715:
7706:
7668:
7661:
7652:
7646:
7634:. Retrieved
7622:
7612:
7600:. Retrieved
7586:
7576:
7564:. Retrieved
7559:
7550:
7538:. Retrieved
7534:
7500:
7488:. Retrieved
7483:
7474:
7462:. Retrieved
7456:
7446:
7434:. Retrieved
7422:
7412:
7398:
7386:. Retrieved
7374:
7365:
7353:. Retrieved
7347:
7338:
7326:. Retrieved
7324:(in Turkish)
7321:
7311:
7299:. Retrieved
7294:
7286:
7274:. Retrieved
7269:
7260:
7248:. Retrieved
7244:
7235:
7223:. Retrieved
7218:
7209:
7187:
7175:. Retrieved
7171:the original
7166:
7156:
7134:
7112:
7104:the original
7099:
7090:
7078:. Retrieved
7074:
7064:
7052:. Retrieved
7048:the original
7038:
7018:
7011:. Retrieved
7009:(in Turkish)
7004:
6995:
6983:. Retrieved
6979:the original
6972:
6962:
6950:. Retrieved
6943:
6934:
6922:. Retrieved
6915:
6905:
6893:. Retrieved
6886:
6877:
6865:. Retrieved
6858:
6849:
6837:. Retrieved
6831:
6819:
6798:
6791:. Retrieved
6787:the original
6776:
6752:. Retrieved
6748:
6716:
6699:
6691:
6668:. Retrieved
6625:
6615:
6591:
6584:
6572:. Retrieved
6568:
6543:. Retrieved
6533:
6521:. Retrieved
6517:
6508:
6496:. Retrieved
6492:
6483:
6471:. Retrieved
6467:the original
6462:
6453:
6441:. Retrieved
6437:
6428:
6416:. Retrieved
6412:the original
6407:
6397:
6385:. Retrieved
6381:the original
6376:
6366:
6347:
6326:. Retrieved
6322:the original
6317:
6305:
6293:. Retrieved
6275:
6253:
6237:
6218:
6212:
6204:
6197:. Retrieved
6193:the original
6184:
6175:
6156:
6144:. Retrieved
6136:
6126:
6114:. Retrieved
6110:
6101:
6054:
6050:
6040:
6031:
6022:
6010:. Retrieved
5998:
5988:
5976:. Retrieved
5972:the original
5967:
5958:
5946:. Retrieved
5939:
5930:
5906:
5896:
5884:. Retrieved
5880:
5868:
5855:
5835:
5827:
5807:
5799:
5775:
5768:
5756:. Retrieved
5751:The Guardian
5749:
5740:
5728:. Retrieved
5713:
5706:
5697:
5682:
5675:
5663:. Retrieved
5658:
5649:
5637:. Retrieved
5633:
5623:
5611:. Retrieved
5607:
5597:
5569:
5562:
5529:
5525:
5515:
5496:
5463:
5456:
5448:
5443:
5431:. Retrieved
5427:
5418:
5398:
5379:
5368:, retrieved
5330:
5320:
5300:
5280:
5268:. Retrieved
5264:the original
5257:
5247:
5235:. Retrieved
5223:
5213:
5201:. Retrieved
5195:
5185:
5173:. Retrieved
5132:
5128:
5118:
5106:. Retrieved
5078:. Retrieved
5074:
5065:
5053:. Retrieved
5049:The Guardian
5047:
5040:Hooper, John
5034:
5019:
5010:
4995:
4988:
4951:
4941:
4917:
4897:
4861:
4826:
4795:. Retrieved
4790:
4780:
4768:. Retrieved
4763:
4739:. Retrieved
4713:. Retrieved
4691:
4671:
4640:
4613:. Retrieved
4609:
4599:
4587:. Retrieved
4583:
4573:
4561:. Retrieved
4557:the original
4552:
4542:
4530:. Retrieved
4525:
4516:
4508:
4501:. Retrieved
4495:
4485:
4473:. Retrieved
4467:
4457:
4445:. Retrieved
4433:
4423:
4411:. Retrieved
4404:
4395:
4362:
4358:
4348:
4336:. Retrieved
4322:
4310:. Retrieved
4306:the original
4301:
4291:
4279:. Retrieved
4275:ec.europa.eu
4274:
4262:
4250:. Retrieved
4246:
4237:
4225:. Retrieved
4200:. Retrieved
4181:
4153:
4141:. Retrieved
4131:
4119:. Retrieved
4115:the original
4105:
4097:the original
4087:
4075:. Retrieved
4070:
4061:
4049:. Retrieved
4045:the original
4035:
4026:
4017:
4003:
3989:
3977:. Retrieved
3971:
3959:
3938:
3924:
3912:. Retrieved
3905:the original
3890:
3878:
3866:. Retrieved
3860:
3851:
3839:. Retrieved
3833:
3824:
3816:
3809:. Retrieved
3803:
3794:
3786:
3779:. Retrieved
3773:
3764:
3756:
3749:. Retrieved
3743:
3733:
3698:
3694:
3684:
3670:
3658:. Retrieved
3636:
3632:
3622:
3613:
3606:. Retrieved
3600:
3591:
3582:
3575:. Retrieved
3571:the original
3564:
3555:
3547:
3540:. Retrieved
3536:
3527:
3479:
3442:
3433:
3424:
3221:
3170:THKP-C/MLSPB
3159:
3155:
3148:
3132:
3075:January 2021
3072:
3064:
3034:
3026:
2994:Mount Sinjar
2983:
2960:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2924:
2897:
2893:
2886:
2875:
2859:
2856:
2852:
2843:Osman Öcalan
2830:
2826:
2824:
2818:
2816:
2808:
2804:
2801:
2773:
2748:
2736:
2731:Tansu Çiller
2729:after which
2724:
2712:Kemal Burkay
2689:
2678:
2633:
2620:
2617:
2591:(DFLP), the
2578:
2549:
2361:
2353:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2310:
2296:
2280:
2261:
2258:
2242:
2231:
2185:Abdullah Gül
2130:Soviet Union
2105:Beqaa Valley
2078:
2071:Beqaa Valley
2047:
2034:
2022:
1998:
1978:Duran Kalkan
1963:
1947:
1935:
1815:
1803:
1791:
1787:
1747:
1726:
1654:
1605:
1581:
1564:Levent Ersöz
1557:
1541:Ayhan Çarkın
1538:
1526:Şamil Tayyar
1524:
1517:
1494:
1487:
1484:Aysel Tuğluk
1455:
1411:
1392:
1367:
1339:Beqaa Valley
1336:
1312:
1292:
1244:
1202:
1200:
1168:
1144:
1140:
1137:Organization
1118:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:nation state
1079:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1045:
1018:
993:Mazlûm Dogan
986:
954:colonization
934:
915:coup of 1971
912:
852:
825:
809:
754:
750:
748:
267:
212:Headquarters
87:Duran Kalkan
29:
14807:(KDP/Bakur)
14044:Erdal İnönü
14014:Turgut Özal
13993:Necdet Özel
13953:Hilmi Özkök
13938:Doğan Güreş
13923:Necdet Üruğ
13903:Kenan Evren
13801:Orhan Doğan
13796:Hatip Dicle
13720:Haji Ahmadi
13705:Bahoz Erdal
13700:Cemîl Bayik
13055:(2008–2014)
13049:(2005–2009)
13037:(1997–2005)
13031:(1994–2003)
13025:(1993–1994)
13019:(1990–1993)
12676:Grey Wolves
12638:Coast Guard
12633:Gendarmerie
12492:15 November
11695:10 December
11451:1 September
11160:29 December
11114:29 December
11068:29 December
11043:29 December
10986:27 December
10837:27 December
10747:27 December
10547:27 December
10438:11693/21264
10222:yjastar.com
10188:"Bayraklar"
9799:21 November
9726:21 November
9704:21 November
9635:21 November
9609:14 November
9572:1 September
9542:10 December
9458:14 November
9384:10 December
9282:7 September
9195:(in German)
9126:16 November
9116:Mynet Haber
8916:14 November
8859:18 February
8280:21 November
8178:28 December
8147:1 September
7881:Geneva Call
7780:27 December
7588:Der Spiegel
7562:(in German)
7484:www1.wdr.de
7355:13 November
7328:13 November
7276:13 November
7250:13 November
7225:13 November
7054:27 December
6945:Daily Sabah
6924:28 November
6920:(in German)
6867:24 February
6670:18 December
6523:17 February
6498:17 February
6443:16 December
6076:11693/53234
6012:27 November
5978:27 November
5948:27 November
5886:28 December
5613:28 December
5433:27 December
5055:29 November
4971:10036/37913
4793:(in German)
4770:7 September
4715:11 December
4615:23 December
4589:23 December
4338:21 November
4312:18 December
4281:16 December
4277:. p. 5
4143:24 December
4121:30 November
4077:15 December
4051:25 December
3716:2434/817740
3577:7 September
3542:7 September
3185: [
3136:Ceylanpınar
2898:During the
2792:US Treasury
2694:declared a
2669:Turgut Özal
2372:Party flags
2306:Theresa May
2301:; the then
2228:in May 2019
2057:, Lebanon.
2011:capture of
1974:Cemîl Bayik
1890:21.9% from
1764:Recruitment
1665:Cemil Bayik
1572:Cemîl Bayik
1473:before the
1235:Netherlands
1219: [
1207: [
1159:Syrian Kurd
1011: [
1000: [
946: [
929:("Apo") in
810:The PKK is
739:New Zealand
257:Communalism
102:Bahoz Erdal
82:Cemîl Bayik
15065:Categories
14771:(HÜDA PAR)
14698:(YJA-STAR)
14623:(KNC-ENKS)
13851:Emine Ayna
13806:Ahmet Türk
13791:Leyla Zana
13786:Yaşar Kaya
12779:(YJA-STAR)
12663:Deep state
12603:Government
12407:Al Jazeera
12389:Al-Monitor
12276:Al-Monitor
12254:14 October
12232:14 October
12206:14 October
11901:Al Jazeera
11868:Al Jazeera
11814:Al Jazeera
11743:3 November
11430:0312236298
11401:1564322262
11374:1564320960
11247:0312325460
10939:(in Dutch)
10777:1588364607
10577:(2): 303.
10493:0275965287
10232:11 October
10202:11 October
10010:5 February
9956:5 February
9923:5 February
9825:5 February
9774:5 February
9748:5 February
9603:3540212256
9516:5 February
9485:5 February
9354:5 February
9332:8 November
9199:15 October
9170:15 October
9007:0813119995
8890:22 October
8786:(2): 461.
8744:, page 110
8678:(4): 986.
8611:17 October
8581:17 October
8555:17 October
8491:17 October
8463:17 October
7388:26 January
7301:12 January
7080:12 January
7075:Al-Monitor
6952:4 December
6895:1 December
6839:6 December
6754:6 December
6574:10 October
5409:0812215729
5294:0312236298
5175:1 February
5108:1 February
4876:0230598587
4797:17 January
4741:5 February
4553:The Region
4227:5 February
3868:28 October
3745:Al Jazeera
3660:6 February
3519:References
3453:, Arbiki,
2704:Ahmet Türk
2640:Kidnapping
2603:(PPSF) of
2333:(PYD) and
2249:Olof Palme
2132:and Russia
2015:, YPJ and
1913:Land mines
1512:See also:
1497:Leyla Zana
1309:Youth wing
1241:Armed wing
1090:capitalism
909:Background
268:Historical
233:(disputed)
165:(YJA-STAR)
136:Allegiance
92:Besê Hozat
14882:Kurdistan
14849:(HAK-PAR)
14722:(YPS-Jin)
14651:(TEV-DEM)
14366:Peshmerga
14029:Ali Bozer
14007:Political
13774:Political
13683:Insurgent
13604:2011–2012
13551:Serhildan
13273:2004–2012
13261:1999–2004
13130:Karageçit
13118:1984–1999
13092:1974–1984
13009:Political
12719:Insurgent
12691:Ergenekon
12623:Air Force
12369:1 January
12128:21 August
12102:14 August
12076:14 August
12053:14 August
12047:Gulf News
12027:14 August
11991:14 August
11969:14 August
11528:Jamestown
11346:1 January
11012:. 2002. "
10591:0143-6597
10297:NYU Press
10268:0032-342X
10262:(2): 54.
10031:rudaw.net
9888:The Local
9230:1101-2412
8692:0026-3206
8050:219481924
8042:1057-610X
7999:144547591
7983:0026-3206
7919:23 August
7636:15 August
7631:0931-9085
7597:2195-1349
7490:8 October
7464:8 October
7436:15 August
7431:0931-9085
7383:0174-4909
7177:8 January
6985:28 August
6644:1773-0546
6597:Routledge
6545:9 October
6199:8 October
6093:202266557
6085:1755-0483
6007:0931-9085
5546:0037-7791
5365:242499406
5335:Cambridge
5232:0362-4331
5149:110700560
5080:1 January
4980:1773-0546
4843:2111-4064
4442:0028-6583
4387:150900998
4379:1057-5677
3979:7 October
3914:26 August
3901:0177-0357
3841:3 October
3635:: 16–17.
3459:M16 rifle
3294:Dawronoye
3255:Peshmerga
3224:explosion
3140:Şanlıurfa
2927:ceasefire
2706:from the
2700:Bar Elias
2644:sabotages
2272:Joe Biden
1927:Resources
1833:Quantity
1782:Peshmerga
1744:Criticism
1708:in 2016.
1702:Die Linke
1647:Frankfurt
1449:and then
1361:-related
1297:of Star (
1187:peasantry
968:, dress,
891:civilians
879:ceasefire
840:Kurdistan
797:2013–2015
773:Kurdistan
766:guerrilla
713:Australia
472:Opponents
294:Left-wing
262:Jineology
15051:(TKP/ML)
15041:Withdrew
14996:(TKEP/L)
14092:See also
13896:Military
13543:Protests
12961:Hüda-Par
12613:Military
12565:Timeline
12487:The Wire
12467:14 March
12363:Archived
12226:BBC News
12200:BBC News
11715:Archived
11619:17 March
11551:Archived
11533:16 March
11341:Khrp.org
11017:Archived
10869:17 April
10565:(1993).
10447:55920795
10371:. London
10276:24638616
10250:(2014).
10064:10 March
10036:10 March
9870:Le Monde
9850:15 March
9408:Archived
9192:t-online
9164:BBC News
8990:(1996).
8962:Expatica
8792:45197497
8664:(1994).
8549:Archived
8484:BBC News
8302:23 April
8257:23 April
8198:(Report)
7929:cite web
7887:12 March
7861:12 March
7855:ANF News
7834:12 March
7809:12 March
7750:12 March
7724:12 March
7458:Die Welt
7199:Archived
7146:Archived
7124:Archived
6860:Evrensel
6800:ortamda.
6680:cite web
6518:ANF News
6493:ANF News
6463:Machorka
6246:Archived
5904:(2005).
5699:imagined
5659:BBC News
5554:26370847
5370:16 March
5309:Archived
5270:18 March
5237:18 March
5203:18 March
4666:(2008).
4563:18 March
4532:18 March
4503:18 March
4475:18 March
4447:18 March
4413:18 March
4332:Archived
4252:10 March
3895:. 2007.
3811:19 April
3781:19 April
3751:19 April
3280:, Turkey
3249:See also
3232:Istanbul
3121:Northern
2648:Istanbul
2560:sabotage
2546:, London
2544:Iraq War
2251:. After
2189:Damascus
2181:Interpol
2143:officer
2080:Hürriyet
1900:Grenades
1836:Sources
1780:PKK and
1681:Damascus
1530:AK Party
1437:and the
1359:Gulf War
1347:Damascus
1287:YJA-STAR
1233:and the
1204:Hunerkom
1126:Muhammad
1115:Religion
1103:Apoculuk
1048:Dev-Genç
970:folklore
801:autonomy
769:movement
762:militant
223:Ideology
14986:Members
14825:(HADEP)
14777:(ÖZDEP)
14753:(DEHAP)
14710:(YDG-H)
14640:(KDP-S)
14539:Lebanon
14289:(KDP-I)
14233:Armenia
13140:Ortabağ
12942:(YDG-H)
12923:(TECAK)
12845:(KADEK)
12750:History
12710:Kurdish
12180:11 June
12158:25 June
11874:13 June
11847:13 June
11819:13 June
11789:25 June
11471:The PKK
10599:3992569
10400:17 July
10375:17 July
10340:The PKK
10092:13 June
9984:13 June
9677:17 July
9260:. 2003.
9235:22 June
9078:29 June
9041:18 July
8972:22 July
8942:29 June
8700:4283686
8407:23 July
8208:13 July
8110:19 July
7991:4284527
7602:23 June
7566:23 June
7540:23 June
7375:FAZ.NET
7295:Reuters
7025:Kurdish
7013:19 July
6974:Radikal
6061:: 251.
5758:24 July
5730:24 July
5665:24 July
5639:24 July
4526:Lawfare
4202:24 July
3484:Kurdish
3465:(G-1),
3302:, Syria
3236:Beyoğlu
3127:in 2017
3065:updated
3020:during
2990:Yazidis
2599:or the
2523:History
2266:by the
2234:Turkish
2165:Liempde
2135:Former
2067:Lavrion
2025:EUROPOL
1932:Funding
1883:Pistols
1858:Rifles
1812:Weapons
1712:Tactics
1675:of the
1549:Dev-Sol
1489:Radikal
1385:in the
1327:YPS-Jin
1299:Kurdish
1267:Kurdish
1255:Kurdish
1247:Kurdish
1231:Germany
1171:Kurdish
871:Iranian
817:Kurdish
787:in the
759:Kurdish
126: (
67: (
58:Leaders
15020:(MLKP)
14922:Rojava
14866:(PPKK)
14858:Xoybûn
14783:(ÖZEP)
14664:Turkey
14634:(HNKS)
14525:Shursh
14504:(KSDP)
14476:(PÇDK)
14426:Gorran
14422:(DPAK)
14416:(YNDK)
14307:(PJAK)
14277:Komala
13618:Others
13043:(2005)
12972:Allies
12936:(MLKP)
12869:(PPKK)
12833:(PAJK)
12821:(PJKK)
12815:(YAJK)
12797:(ARGK)
12785:(ERNK)
12712:groups
12643:Police
12588:Turkey
12585:
11935:10 May
11907:10 May
11768:10 May
11667:
11642:
11588:23 May
11505:
11477:
11427:
11398:
11371:
11298:
11271:
11244:
11211:
11010:UNESCO
10828:
10801:
10774:
10719:
10682:
10657:
10597:
10589:
10515:
10490:
10467:
10445:
10346:
10303:
10274:
10266:
10155:22 May
10132:17 May
9600:
9449:
9228:
9004:
8790:
8698:
8690:
8514:
8433:18 May
8357:
8353:–184.
8079:9 June
8048:
8040:
7997:
7989:
7981:
7680:
7629:
7595:
7535:DW.COM
7429:
7381:
7349:Bianet
7021:İmralı
6793:9 July
6642:
6603:
6473:22 May
6418:22 May
6387:22 May
6354:
6328:22 May
6295:22 May
6286:
6225:
6146:30 May
6091:
6083:
6005:
5918:
5843:
5815:
5787:
5721:
5690:
5552:
5544:
5503:
5471:
5406:
5363:
5353:
5292:
5230:
5147:
5012:Turkey
5003:
4978:
4929:
4873:
4841:
4706:
4440:
4385:
4377:
4193:
3899:
3723:
3608:15 May
3467:Mauser
3178:TKEP/L
3166:TKP/ML
3022:Newroz
2556:ambush
2061:Greece
1994:Europe
1846:4,500
1794:Muslim
1694:Roj TV
1607:Devran
1499:. The
1227:France
1040:Ocalan
931:Ankara
873:, and
736:
723:
710:
697:
687:Israel
684:
671:
658:
648:Canada
645:
632:
619:
606:
596:Turkey
593:
521:
508:
498:Turkey
495:
312:Allies
204:(HBDH)
15032:(DKP)
15014:(MKP)
15008:(PKK)
14887:Kurds
14860:(CSK)
14843:(PŞK)
14837:(HEP)
14831:(DEM)
14819:(HDP)
14813:(BDP)
14801:(PİK)
14795:(HİK)
14789:(KCK)
14765:(DBP)
14759:(DTP)
14747:(DEP)
14741:(KKP)
14716:(YPS)
14704:(TAK)
14692:(HPG)
14681:(PKK)
14601:(YPJ)
14595:(YPG)
14573:Syria
14516:(PUK)
14510:(KZP)
14482:(KIU)
14465:(KDP)
14444:(IMK)
14438:(IGK)
14379:(YBŞ)
14373:(HPŞ)
14301:(PAK)
14295:(KDP)
14132:Other
13035:DEHAP
13029:HADEP
12996:ASALA
12892:KDP/N
12863:(PŞK)
12857:(KKK)
12839:(KJB)
12827:(PJA)
12809:(CDK)
12803:(YDK)
12791:(HRK)
12766:(HPG)
12696:JİTEM
12596:State
11319:(PDF)
11154:(PDF)
11108:(PDF)
11062:(PDF)
10943:9 May
10634:9 May
10628:(PDF)
10621:(PDF)
10603:JSTOR
10595:JSTOR
10443:S2CID
10395:Sabah
10272:JSTOR
9917:(PDF)
9906:(PDF)
9793:(PDF)
9254:(PDF)
8788:JSTOR
8704:JSTOR
8696:JSTOR
8228:(PDF)
8169:(PDF)
8046:S2CID
8003:JSTOR
7995:S2CID
7987:JSTOR
7829:TEPAV
7509:(PDF)
7167:Sabah
6828:(PDF)
6778:Zaman
6709:OHCHR
6280:(PDF)
6116:6 May
6089:S2CID
6057:(2).
5877:(PDF)
5550:JSTOR
5361:S2CID
5315:p. 11
5259:Ahval
5197:MERIP
5145:S2CID
5075:Rudaw
4954:(5).
4696:(PDF)
4383:S2CID
4271:(PDF)
3968:(PDF)
3947:(PDF)
3908:(PDF)
3887:(PDF)
3721:JSTOR
3416:Notes
3404:YDG-H
3201:]
2910:2010s
2904:Erbil
2770:2000s
2675:1990s
2593:Fatah
2575:1980s
2534:1970s
2367:Flags
2117:Libya
2100:Syria
2075:PASOK
2055:Sidon
2013:Raqqa
1830:Type
1568:JITEM
1467:HADEP
1431:DEHAP
1427:HADEP
1223:]
1211:]
1099:Apocu
1015:]
1004:]
978:Kurds
950:]
834:with
757:is a
700:Syria
661:Japan
446:TİKKO
191:(KCK)
178:(YPS)
152:(HPG)
37:(PKK)
15002:(DK)
14488:(NG)
14351:Iraq
14262:Iran
14103:and
13609:2014
13599:2009
13594:2008
13589:2006
13584:2005
13579:2001
13574:1999
13569:1992
13564:1991
13559:1990
12904:PJAK
12628:Navy
12618:Army
12494:2022
12469:2016
12371:2016
12256:2014
12234:2014
12208:2014
12182:2015
12160:2015
12130:2014
12104:2014
12078:2014
12055:2014
12029:2014
11993:2014
11971:2014
11937:2013
11909:2013
11876:2021
11849:2021
11821:2021
11791:2015
11770:2013
11745:2012
11697:2012
11665:ISBN
11640:ISBN
11621:2016
11590:2019
11535:2021
11503:ISBN
11475:ISBN
11453:2007
11425:ISBN
11396:ISBN
11369:ISBN
11348:2016
11296:ISBN
11269:ISBN
11242:ISBN
11209:ISBN
11183:help
11162:2015
11137:help
11116:2015
11091:help
11070:2015
11045:2015
10988:2018
10945:2023
10918:2017
10893:2017
10871:2007
10839:2018
10826:ISBN
10799:ISBN
10772:ISBN
10749:2018
10717:ISBN
10680:ISBN
10655:ISBN
10636:2023
10587:ISSN
10549:2018
10513:ISBN
10488:ISBN
10465:ISBN
10402:2011
10377:2011
10344:ISBN
10301:ISBN
10264:ISSN
10234:2019
10204:2019
10157:2019
10134:2019
10094:2020
10066:2021
10038:2021
10012:2014
9986:2020
9958:2014
9925:2014
9852:2024
9827:2014
9801:2013
9776:2014
9750:2014
9728:2013
9706:2013
9679:2016
9637:2013
9611:2011
9598:ISBN
9574:2007
9544:2012
9518:2014
9487:2014
9460:2011
9447:ISBN
9386:2012
9356:2014
9334:2018
9303:Vice
9284:2020
9237:2022
9226:ISSN
9201:2020
9172:2020
9128:2019
9080:2008
9043:2007
9002:ISBN
8974:2008
8944:2008
8918:2015
8892:2007
8880:Time
8861:2016
8688:ISSN
8634:CNBC
8613:2012
8583:2012
8557:2012
8512:ISBN
8493:2012
8465:2012
8435:2016
8409:2008
8355:ISBN
8304:2011
8282:2013
8259:2011
8210:2016
8180:2018
8149:2007
8112:2007
8081:2007
8038:ISSN
7979:ISSN
7935:link
7921:2010
7889:2021
7863:2021
7836:2021
7811:2021
7782:2018
7752:2021
7726:2021
7678:ISBN
7638:2022
7627:ISSN
7604:2022
7593:ISSN
7568:2022
7542:2022
7492:2020
7466:2020
7438:2022
7427:ISSN
7390:2022
7379:ISSN
7357:2020
7330:2020
7303:2019
7278:2020
7252:2020
7227:2020
7179:2009
7082:2019
7056:2018
7015:2007
6987:2008
6954:2021
6926:2021
6897:2021
6869:2015
6841:2021
6795:2008
6756:2021
6686:link
6672:2008
6640:ISSN
6601:ISBN
6576:2008
6547:2008
6525:2020
6500:2020
6475:2019
6445:2019
6420:2019
6389:2019
6352:ISBN
6330:2019
6297:2019
6284:ISBN
6223:ISBN
6201:2008
6148:2022
6118:2023
6081:ISSN
6014:2022
6003:ISSN
5980:2022
5950:2022
5916:ISBN
5888:2018
5841:ISBN
5813:ISBN
5785:ISBN
5760:2017
5732:2017
5719:ISBN
5688:ISBN
5667:2017
5641:2017
5615:2018
5542:ISSN
5501:ISBN
5469:ISBN
5435:2018
5404:ISBN
5372:2022
5351:ISBN
5290:ISBN
5272:2021
5239:2021
5228:ISSN
5205:2021
5177:2021
5110:2021
5082:2016
5057:2021
5001:ISBN
4976:ISSN
4927:ISBN
4871:ISBN
4839:ISSN
4799:2021
4772:2020
4743:2014
4717:2021
4704:ISBN
4617:2023
4591:2023
4565:2021
4534:2021
4505:2021
4477:2021
4449:2021
4438:ISSN
4415:2021
4375:ISSN
4340:2013
4314:2019
4283:2019
4254:2021
4229:2014
4204:2017
4191:ISBN
4145:2021
4123:2019
4079:2023
4053:2013
3981:2023
3973:NATO
3916:2024
3897:ISSN
3870:2021
3843:2021
3813:2021
3783:2021
3753:2021
3662:2019
3610:2021
3579:2020
3544:2020
3213:MLKP
3211:and
3182:TİKB
3123:and
2837:and
2774:The
2754:and
2716:Kulp
2579:The
2323:NATO
2205:ISRO
2023:The
1976:and
1851:USSR
1558:The
1551:and
1313:The
1293:The
1157:, a
1092:and
861:was
830:and
795:and
793:1993
779:and
749:The
674:Iran
622:NATO
524:NATO
434:MLKP
362:PJAK
304:Size
128:1978
121:1978
13071:DEM
13065:DBP
13059:HDP
13053:BDP
13047:DTP
13041:DTH
13023:DEP
13017:HEP
12984:TDP
12979:DHP
12951:HİK
12946:PIK
12916:KKP
12880:TAK
12745:PKK
12733:KCK
12648:MİT
12570:Map
12336:CNN
11238:130
10579:doi
10433:hdl
10425:doi
8998:122
8680:doi
8351:183
8030:doi
7971:doi
6630:doi
6569:CNN
6252:,"
6164:,"
6071:hdl
6063:doi
5590:PKK
5534:doi
5343:doi
5137:doi
4966:hdl
4956:doi
4831:doi
4367:doi
3711:hdl
3703:doi
3234:'s
3230:in
3205:DKP
3174:MKP
3117:YBŞ
3018:Van
2860:PKK
2829:or
2744:HRW
2611:'s
2595:of
2247:of
2195:MP
2193:CDU
2153:FSB
2149:KGB
2141:FSB
2137:KGB
2017:YPG
2009:SDF
1758:YBŞ
1463:DEP
1459:HEP
1451:DEM
1447:HDP
1439:BDP
1435:DTP
1423:DEP
1419:HEP
1323:ANF
1153:of
1077:'.
989:Fîs
755:PKK
753:or
463:KNC
458:PUK
422:BÖG
410:IFB
398:MUB
386:YJÊ
374:YBŞ
350:YPJ
338:YPG
326:PYD
70:POW
18:PKK
15067::
12956:KH
12485:.
12441:.
12423:.
12405:.
12387:.
12361:.
12357:.
12338:.
12334:.
12297:.
12273:.
12224:.
12198:.
12146:.
12121:.
12094:.
12045:.
11926:.
11899:.
11884:^
11865:.
11838:.
11812:.
11808:.
11753:^
11713:,
11607:.
11576:.
11562:."
11526:.
11489:^
11461:^
11339:.
11321:.
11240:.
11207:.
11174::
11172:}}
11168:{{
11128::
11126:}}
11122:{{
11082::
11080:}}
11076:{{
11036:.
10979:.
10935:.
10909:.
10855:.
10739:.
10694:^
10593:.
10585:.
10575:14
10573:.
10569:.
10535:.
10441:.
10431:.
10421:13
10419:.
10393:.
10367:.
10295:.
10270:.
10260:79
10258:.
10254:.
10220:.
10190:.
10179:^
10102:^
10082:.
10054:.
10029:.
10002:.
9975:.
9942:.
9908:.
9886:.
9868:.
9843:.
9665:.
9576:.
9560:.
9534:.
9504:.
9423:.
9402:.
9372:.
9320:.
9300:.
9274:.
9256:.
9218:.
9189:.
9162:.
9144:.
9114:.
9096:.
9066:.
9060:.
9031:.
9010:.
9000:.
8960:.
8878:.
8847:.
8836:^
8826:.
8784:11
8782:.
8778:.
8757:.
8733:^
8721:.
8694:.
8686:.
8676:30
8674:.
8668:.
8632:.
8621:^
8599:.
8573:.
8543:.
8530:^
8520:.
8481:.
8451:.
8398:.
8377:.
8248:.
8236:^
8200:.
8171:.
8157:^
8135:.
8131:.
8120:^
8100:.
8089:^
8066:.
8044:.
8036:.
8026:46
8024:.
8020:.
7993:.
7985:.
7977:.
7967:43
7965:.
7961:.
7943:,
7939:,
7931:}}
7927:{{
7897:^
7879:.
7852:.
7827:.
7801:.
7790:^
7768:.
7742:.
7714:.
7692:^
7672:.
7621:.
7585:.
7558:.
7533:.
7521:^
7482:.
7455:.
7421:.
7373:.
7346:.
7320:.
7268:.
7243:.
7217:.
7165:.
7098:.
7073:.
7027::
7017:.
7003:.
6971:.
6942:.
6914:.
6885:.
6857:.
6830:.
6807:^
6797:.
6775:.
6764:^
6747:.
6735:^
6725:.
6690:,
6682:}}
6678:{{
6652:^
6638:.
6628:.
6624:.
6595:.
6567:.
6555:^
6516:.
6491:.
6461:.
6436:.
6406:.
6375:.
6338:^
6316:.
6265:^
6256:,
6203:.
6183:.
6139:.
6135:.
6109:.
6087:.
6079:.
6069:.
6055:13
6053:.
6049:.
5997:.
5966:.
5938:.
5910:.
5879:.
5779:.
5748:.
5696:.
5657:.
5632:.
5606:.
5579:^
5548:.
5540:.
5530:62
5528:.
5524:.
5483:^
5426:.
5388:^
5359:,
5349:,
5337::
5333:,
5329:,
5256:.
5226:.
5222:.
5194:.
5168:.
5157:^
5143:.
5133:30
5131:.
5127:.
5101:.
5090:^
5073:.
5046:.
5009:.
4974:.
4964:.
4950:.
4921:.
4907:^
4896:,
4885:^
4851:^
4837:.
4825:.
4807:^
4789:.
4762:.
4751:^
4725:^
4698:.
4682:^
4670:.
4662:;
4651:^
4639:.
4625:^
4608:.
4582:.
4551:.
4524:.
4507:.
4494:.
4466:.
4436:.
4432:.
4403:.
4381:.
4373:.
4363:30
4361:.
4357:.
4330:.
4300:.
4273:.
4245:.
4212:^
4185:.
4167:^
4069:.
4025:.
3970:.
3949:.
3889:.
3859:.
3832:.
3815:.
3802:.
3785:.
3772:.
3755:.
3742:.
3719:.
3709:.
3697:.
3693:.
3644:^
3631:.
3612:.
3599:.
3581:.
3563:.
3546:.
3535:.
3490:,
3486::
3461:,
3457:,
3449:,
3219:.
3209:DK
3207:,
3203:,
3199:zh
3197:;
3195:tr
3193:;
3191:fr
3189:;
3187:de
3180:,
3176:,
3172:,
3168:,
3151:US
3138:,
2958:.
2845:.
2812:–
2766:.
2718:,
2627:,
2571:.
2558:,
2236::
1574:.
1329:.
1301::
1269::
1257::
1249::
1229:,
1221:ku
1209:ku
1193:.
1173::
1088:,
1058:.
1013:tr
1006:,
1002:ku
948:tr
581:by
14961:e
14954:t
14947:v
14217:e
14210:t
14203:v
12963:)
12959:(
12546:e
12539:t
12532:v
12496:.
12471:.
12391:.
12373:.
12258:.
12236:.
12210:.
12184:.
12162:.
12132:.
12106:.
12080:.
12057:.
12031:.
12009:.
11995:.
11973:.
11939:.
11911:.
11878:.
11851:.
11823:.
11793:.
11772:.
11747:.
11699:.
11673:.
11648:.
11623:.
11592:.
11537:.
11511:.
11483:.
11455:.
11433:.
11404:.
11377:.
11350:.
11325:.
11304:.
11277:.
11250:.
11217:.
11205:7
11185:)
11181:(
11164:.
11139:)
11135:(
11118:.
11093:)
11089:(
11072:.
11047:.
10990:.
10947:.
10920:.
10895:.
10873:.
10807:.
10780:.
10751:.
10725:.
10688:.
10663:.
10638:.
10605:.
10581::
10551:.
10521:.
10496:.
10449:.
10435::
10427::
10404:.
10379:.
10352:.
10309:.
10278:.
10236:.
10206:.
10159:.
10136:.
10096:.
10068:.
10040:.
10014:.
9988:.
9960:.
9927:.
9854:.
9829:.
9803:.
9778:.
9752:.
9730:.
9708:.
9681:.
9639:.
9613:.
9546:.
9520:.
9489:.
9462:.
9428:.
9388:.
9358:.
9336:.
9286:.
9239:.
9203:.
9174:.
9148:.
9130:.
9100:.
9082:.
9045:.
9016:.
8976:.
8946:.
8920:.
8894:.
8863:.
8794:.
8727:.
8706:.
8682::
8615:.
8585:.
8559:.
8495:.
8467:.
8437:.
8411:.
8363:.
8331:.
8306:.
8284:.
8261:.
8212:.
8182:.
8151:.
8114:.
8083:.
8052:.
8032::
8005:.
7973::
7937:)
7923:.
7891:.
7865:.
7838:.
7813:.
7784:.
7754:.
7728:.
7686:.
7640:.
7606:.
7570:.
7544:.
7494:.
7468:.
7440:.
7392:.
7359:.
7332:.
7305:.
7280:.
7254:.
7229:.
7181:.
7084:.
7058:.
6989:.
6956:.
6928:.
6899:.
6871:.
6843:.
6758:.
6729:.
6703:"
6688:)
6674:.
6646:.
6632::
6609:.
6578:.
6549:.
6527:.
6502:.
6477:.
6447:.
6422:.
6391:.
6360:.
6332:.
6299:.
6231:.
6150:.
6120:.
6095:.
6073::
6065::
6016:.
5982:.
5952:.
5924:.
5890:.
5863:.
5849:.
5821:.
5793:.
5762:.
5734:.
5669:.
5643:.
5617:.
5556:.
5536::
5509:.
5477:.
5437:.
5412:.
5345::
5274:.
5241:.
5207:.
5179:.
5151:.
5139::
5112:.
5084:.
5059:.
4982:.
4968::
4958::
4935:.
4879:.
4845:.
4833::
4801:.
4774:.
4745:.
4719:.
4645:.
4619:.
4593:.
4567:.
4536:.
4479:.
4451:.
4417:.
4389:.
4369::
4342:.
4316:.
4285:.
4256:.
4231:.
4206:.
4147:.
4125:.
4081:.
4055:.
4029:.
3997:.
3983:.
3918:.
3872:.
3845:.
3727:.
3713::
3705::
3699:2
3664:.
3077:)
3073:(
3067:.
2211:.
2151:-
2139:-
2124:.
1465:/
1461:/
1433:/
1429:/
1425:/
1421:/
1289:.
1265:(
270::
130:)
73:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.