1096:
Novum viri computatorii genus nomine Code Red in praesenti in
Interreti grassatur, ut nuntiavit institutum SANS, cuius est securitati retis informatici providere. Code Red II, quod per cursum electronicum diffunditur, priore viro acerbius est et, postquam in servitoria penetravit, in systema lacunam
342:
were over-represented. As the distribution of
Internet users shifted to be more representative of the population as a whole during the 2000s, the non-standard forms saw decline in usage. A tendency towards prescriptivism in the computer enthusiast community, combined with the growing awareness that
545:
In life sciences, "viruses" generally refers to several distinct strains or species of virus. "Virus" is used in the original way as an uncountable mass noun, e.g. "a vial of virus". Individual, physical particles are called
1097:
facit. Ita fieri potest, ut alia vira eaque etiam periculosiora in machinas computatorias irrepant. Iam vermis Code Red I molestissimus fuit, cum biduo in trecenta milia computatrorum in omni orbe terrarum invasit."
994:
503:
community, who researched the issue and wrote what eventually became referred to in various online discussions as the authoritative essay on the subject, favoring
365:, denoting something uncountable. These pluralize only under special circumstances, and no plural form of the word can be found in contemporary texts.
817:
as the plural, but in practice this form is hardly attested outside of discussions about pluralization. In scientific contexts, biologists often use
1043:
334:
was always a small percentage of the
English-speaking population, the variation was notable because it coincided with the growth of the
1229:
727:
1279:
931:
having prior claim to that name—though the common plural is "Priuses". Conversely, Toyota has also said that the plural of their
456:
285:"table of contents"; since it is not a classical word, some argue that it does not have a classical plural. However, the form
713:
307:. In most speaking communities, this is non-controversial and speakers would not attempt to use the non-standard plural in -
102:
Some
English words of Latin origin do not commonly take the Latin plural, but rather the regular English plurals in -(e)s:
1241:
1304:
1067:
407:, a plural form is necessary in order to express the modern concept of 'viruses', leading to the following declension:
1205:
515:
could be construed as a claim of superior knowledge of language when in fact more detailed research finds the native
805:; the word is etymologically Greek despite its Latinized ending, and so pluralizing it as if it were Latin (i.e. as
747:
17:
1291:
1092:
Nuntii Latini: Finnish
Broadcasting Company (Radiophonia Finnica Generalis). Archiv I. 19.5.2000 - 6.12.2002
499:
within
Internet communities has met with some resistance, most notably by Tom Christiansen, a figure in the
1317:
53:. There are many exceptions, some because the word does not derive from Latin, and others due to custom (
608:
311:. However, in computer enthusiast circles in the late 20th century and early 21st, the non-standard
1357:
695:
92:
1063:
96:
1217:
969:
1329:
1047:
1280:"Toyota decrees the plural of 'Prius' is 'Prii,' your Latin teacher looks on admonishingly"
8:
1106:
1052:. Translated by Côté, Emma. Cincinnati: Moore, Anderson, Wilstach & Keys. p. 48.
859:
is popularly used as both singular and plural, and is cited as both singular and plural.
944:
178:
641:
175:
1201:
1184:
1091:
940:
895:
373:
201:
31:
1305:
Breaking Minds and
Spirits Everywhere, Lexus Says the Plural of 'Lexus' Is 'Lexus'
842:
778:
524:
358:
384:) are rare enough that inferring rules is difficult. (One rare attested plural,
335:
320:
644:. (The long "ū" is not used in the 2nd declension.) Rather, it is (Latinized)
580:
568:
1351:
905:
645:
197:
1124:
David & Charles, third edition, 1983. Quote: "Virus: virus (s.n. II),
829:, but laypersons and scientists alike often use the simple English plural
927:
511:. The impetus of this discussion was the potential irony that the use of
574:
1069:
A Practical
Treatise of Diseases of the Urinary & Generative Organs
885:
are sometimes found for words ending with a sound (vaguely) similar to
429:
330:
While the number of users employing these non-standard plural forms of
278:
1122:
Botanical Latin. History, Grammar, Syntax, Terminology and
Vocabulary.
821:
as both the singular and plural form of the word, in the tradition of
1151:
872:
664:
650:
404:
362:
247:
Some
English words derive from Latin idiosyncratically. For example,
1082:
June 1999 issue of ASM News by the American Society for Microbiology
797:
763:
477:
446:
425:
351:
are not etymologically supported plural forms, also played a part.
258:
562:
855:, which has become the prevalent usage in English. Regardless,
995:"Which Is The Correct Plural Spelling? (It's a Trick Question)"
847:
547:
473:
262:
59:
781:
Octopoda but has no classical equivalent. The collective form
253:
909:
imitators). The Toyota corporation has determined that their
671:
657:
220:, and fourth declension masculine and feminine nouns such as
99:
may simply describe them as a natural evolution of language.
42:
71:
and Latin words that did not have their Latin plurals with
851:
follows standard Latin rules for pluralization and becomes
588:
is occasionally used by scientists for taxonomic purposes.
500:
396:.) Plural neuter nouns of other declensions always end in
833:. Different dictionaries make different recommendations.
534:
appears in the official Scrabble words list, but neither
392:, is borrowed from Greek, so does not give guidance for
281:(16th c.) word, derived from a misreading of the Greek
1072:(third ed.). London: John Churchill. p. 293.
751:
states that "the only acceptable plural in English is
813:, importing Greek morphology into English would have
595:
is the most common form in the UK as well as the US;
289:is used and considered acceptable by some sources.
1049:A Homœopathic Treatise on the Diseases of Children
785:is usually reserved for animals consumed as food.
327:is also found in some nineteenth-century sources.
319:) was well attested, generally in the context of
1349:
1149:
943:were famously referred to as "the Winklevi" in
376:, but neuter second declension nouns ending in
519:is actually more appropriate. In other words,
400:(in the nominative, accusative and vocative).
114:; while others regularly use the Latin forms:
67:). Conversely, some non-Latin words ending in
1143:
1021:(1950) H. W. Fowler, Oxford University Press
91:(the standard English plural is octopuses).
634:
238:
230:
632:derives from the mistaken assumption that
1200:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
863:is also an acceptable plural in English.
1292:"GREEN: Toyota Readies Fleet Of Priuses"
866:
809:) is sometimes ill-considered. As with
14:
1350:
728:Webster's New World College Dictionary
189:. However, some Latin nouns ending in
1150:Tom Christiansen (17 December 1999).
1062:
1042:
662:, gender masculine), whose plural is
1198:The Cambridge Guide to English Usage
1019:A Dictionary of Modern English Usage
845:(as distinct from Classical Latin),
95:consider these forms incorrect, but
27:English language pluralization rules
603:is often objected to as incorrect.
24:
1267:Random House Unabridged Dictionary
1136:vīrorum (to be distinguished from
913:model should have the plural form
877:Facetious mock-erudite plurals in
836:
694:is "still occasionally used"; the
273:is a verb form, 'we do not know'.
87:is sometimes used as a plural for
25:
1369:
690:, although the latter notes that
200:). For example, third declension
1282:, Tim Stevens, 21 February 2011
1230:Chambers 21st Century Dictionary
680:Chambers 21st Century Dictionary
560:There are three plural forms of
372:was a neuter noun of the second
130:). Still others may use either:
75:form their English plurals with
41:, especially those derived from
1310:
1297:
1285:
1272:
1260:
1247:
1235:
1223:
1211:
1190:
1178:
1166:
1152:"What's the Plural of 'Virus'?"
1114:
36:plural form of words ending in
1330:"What is the plural of virus?"
1255:Fowler's Modern English Usage,
1100:
1085:
1076:
1056:
1036:
1024:
1012:
987:
974:Online Etymological Dictionary
962:
162:mostly in technical contexts,
13:
1:
1257:Oxford University Press, 539.
1232:. Retrieved October 19, 2007.
955:
917:, even though the Latin word
748:Fowler's Modern English Usage
338:, a medium on which users of
1320:, Dana Vachon, December 2011
1307:, Alanis King, 26 April 2019
1094:: "NOVUM VIRUS COMPUTATORIUM
795:The situation with the word
665:
651:
642:second declension Latin noun
88:
7:
1244:Retrieved October 19, 2007.
1220:Retrieved November 2, 2023.
1173:OSW Official Scrabble Words
788:
624:(in that order); it labels
409:
193:are not second declension (
10:
1374:
1318:"The Code of the Winklevi"
1187:. Retrieved March 18, 2018
1185:PubMed search for octopods
870:
672:
658:
553:
169:
1242:Compact Oxford Dictionary
1218:Oxford English Dictionary
684:Compact Oxford Dictionary
609:Oxford English Dictionary
550:" or "virus particles".
292:
1033:, Issues #1, #3, #5, #7
696:British National Corpus
628:"rare", and notes that
251:is a shortened form of
150:in technical contexts,
801:is similar to that of
635:
299:The English plural of
239:
231:
714:Collegiate Dictionary
712:Merriam-Webster 11th
315:form (sometimes even
185:form their plural in
1196:Peters, Pam (2004).
893:(supposed plural of
867:Facetious formations
777:) is taken from the
759:is misconceived and
698:has 29 instances of
257:'for everyone', the
1120:William T. Stearn:
1253:Burchfield, R.W.,
45:, often replaces
1334:reference.com FAQ
903:(as a plural for
743:(in that order).
725:, in that order;
493:
492:
176:second declension
16:(Redirected from
1365:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1321:
1314:
1308:
1301:
1295:
1289:
1283:
1276:
1270:
1264:
1258:
1251:
1245:
1239:
1233:
1227:
1221:
1215:
1209:
1194:
1188:
1182:
1176:
1170:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1147:
1141:
1118:
1112:
1104:
1098:
1089:
1083:
1080:
1074:
1073:
1060:
1054:
1053:
1040:
1034:
1028:
1022:
1016:
1010:
1009:
1007:
1005:
991:
985:
984:
982:
980:
966:
941:Winklevoss twins
675:
674:
668:
661:
660:
654:
638:
584:. A fourth form
410:
321:computer viruses
242:
234:
181:nouns ending in
21:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1363:
1362:
1358:English grammar
1348:
1347:
1338:
1336:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1315:
1311:
1302:
1298:
1294:, John Voelcker
1290:
1286:
1277:
1273:
1265:
1261:
1252:
1248:
1240:
1236:
1228:
1224:
1216:
1212:
1195:
1191:
1183:
1179:
1175:(1989) Chambers
1171:
1167:
1157:
1155:
1148:
1144:
1119:
1115:
1105:
1101:
1095:
1090:
1086:
1081:
1077:
1061:
1057:
1041:
1037:
1029:
1025:
1017:
1013:
1003:
1001:
999:Merriam-Webster
993:
992:
988:
978:
976:
968:
967:
963:
958:
889:. Examples are
875:
869:
843:Botanical Latin
839:
837:Botanical Latin
793:
779:taxonomic order
558:
525:hypercorrection
476:
454:
428:
424:
388:as a plural of
368:The Latin word
359:Classical Latin
297:
174:In Latin, most
172:
93:Prescriptivists
28:
23:
22:
18:Plural of virus
15:
12:
11:
5:
1371:
1361:
1360:
1346:
1345:
1323:
1322:
1309:
1296:
1284:
1271:
1259:
1246:
1234:
1222:
1210:
1189:
1177:
1165:
1142:
1113:
1099:
1084:
1075:
1064:Acton, William
1055:
1035:
1023:
1011:
986:
960:
959:
957:
954:
949:Social Network
868:
865:
838:
835:
792:
787:
557:
552:
491:
490:
485:
480:
470:
469:
464:
449:
443:
442:
437:
432:
420:
419:
416:
413:
296:
291:
204:nouns such as
171:
168:
97:descriptivists
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1370:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1326:
1319:
1316:Vanity Fair,
1313:
1306:
1300:
1293:
1288:
1281:
1275:
1268:
1263:
1256:
1250:
1243:
1238:
1231:
1226:
1219:
1214:
1207:
1206:0-521-62181-X
1203:
1199:
1193:
1186:
1181:
1174:
1169:
1153:
1146:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1103:
1093:
1088:
1079:
1071:
1070:
1065:
1059:
1051:
1050:
1045:
1039:
1032:
1031:VLAD Magazine
1027:
1020:
1015:
1000:
996:
990:
975:
971:
965:
961:
953:
951:
950:
947:
942:
938:
934:
930:
929:
924:
921:has a plural
920:
916:
912:
908:
907:
902:
898:
897:
892:
888:
884:
880:
874:
864:
862:
858:
854:
850:
849:
844:
841:As a word in
834:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
799:
791:
786:
784:
780:
776:
772:
767:
765:
762:
758:
754:
750:
749:
744:
742:
738:
734:
730:
729:
724:
720:
716:
715:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
669:
667:
655:
653:
647:
646:Ancient Greek
643:
639:
637:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
610:
604:
602:
599:is rare, and
598:
594:
589:
587:
583:
582:
577:
576:
571:
570:
565:
564:
556:
551:
549:
543:
541:
537:
533:
528:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
475:
472:
471:
468:
465:
462:
458:
453:
450:
448:
445:
444:
441:
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436:
433:
431:
427:
422:
421:
417:
414:
412:
411:
408:
406:
401:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
380:(rather than
379:
375:
371:
366:
364:
360:
356:
352:
350:
346:
341:
337:
333:
328:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
295:
290:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
255:
250:
245:
243:
241:
235:
233:
228:have plurals
227:
223:
219:
215:
212:have plurals
211:
207:
203:
199:
198:Latin grammar
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
177:
167:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
100:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
61:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
39:
33:
19:
1337:. Retrieved
1333:
1312:
1299:
1287:
1274:
1266:
1262:
1254:
1249:
1237:
1225:
1213:
1197:
1192:
1180:
1172:
1168:
1156:. Retrieved
1145:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1116:
1108:
1102:
1087:
1078:
1068:
1058:
1048:
1038:
1030:
1026:
1018:
1014:
1002:. Retrieved
998:
989:
977:. Retrieved
973:
964:
948:
945:
936:
932:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
904:
900:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
876:
860:
856:
852:
846:
840:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
796:
794:
789:
782:
774:
770:
768:
760:
756:
752:
746:
745:
740:
736:
732:
726:
722:
718:
711:
707:
703:
699:
691:
687:
683:
679:
678:
663:
649:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
607:
605:
600:
596:
592:
590:
585:
579:
573:
567:
561:
559:
554:
544:
539:
535:
531:
529:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
496:
494:
487:
482:
466:
460:
457:heteroclitic
451:
439:
434:
402:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
369:
367:
354:
353:
348:
344:
339:
331:
329:
324:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
298:
293:
286:
282:
274:
270:
266:
265:) plural of
252:
248:
246:
237:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
194:
190:
186:
182:
173:
166:otherwise).
163:
159:
155:
154:otherwise),
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
101:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
58:
54:
50:
46:
37:
35:
29:
1158:29 December
1154:. Rick Moen
1140:, of men)."
1044:Teste, Alph
928:Lada Priora
755:" and that
591:Currently,
507:instead of
1303:jalopnik,
1278:engadget,
1126:gen. sing.
979:21 October
970:"Syllabus"
956:References
896:stewardess
871:See also:
831:platypuses
815:platypodes
753:octopuses,
686:list only
455:(antique,
430:accusative
423:nominative
374:declension
279:Late Latin
1339:2 January
1208:, p. 388.
1004:26 August
873:Dog Latin
769:The term
761:octopodes
741:octopodes
733:octopuses
719:octopuses
708:octopodes
706:and 4 of
700:octopuses
692:octopodes
688:octopuses
673:ὀκτώποδες
666:oktṓpodes
626:octopodes
622:octopodes
618:octopuses
597:octopodes
593:octopuses
581:octopodes
569:octopuses
530:The form
495:Usage of
405:Neo-Latin
363:mass noun
271:ignoramus
179:masculine
63:, plural
1352:Category
1134:gen. pl.
1130:nom. pl.
1066:(1860).
1046:(1854).
939:. The
935:line is
891:stewardi
881:or even
861:Cactuses
819:platypus
798:platypus
790:Platypus
775:octopods
773:(plural
764:pedantic
702:, 11 of
682:and the
659:ὀκτώπους
652:oktṓpous
586:octopods
478:ablative
447:genitive
426:vocative
415:singular
283:sittybos
275:Syllabus
259:ablative
152:formulas
148:formulae
140:corpuses
65:campuses
1138:virorum
811:octopus
807:platypi
803:octopus
783:octopus
771:octopod
648:, from
636:octōpūs
563:octopus
555:Octopus
548:virions
532:viruses
517:viruses
505:viruses
467:vīrōrum
418:plural
390:pelagus
305:viruses
287:syllabi
254:omnibus
218:corpora
170:History
164:indexes
160:indices
144:formula
136:corpora
124:alumnus
89:octopus
32:English
1269:(2006)
1204:
1132:vira,
1128:viri,
1107:Pons:
925:, the
923:priora
899:) and
857:cactus
848:cactus
757:octopi
737:octopi
731:lists
723:octopi
717:lists
704:octopi
630:octopi
614:octopi
612:lists
601:octopi
578:, and
575:octopi
542:does.
474:dative
386:pelage
361:was a
269:, and
263:dative
240:tribūs
226:tribus
210:corpus
202:neuter
132:corpus
128:alumni
122:) and
116:radius
110:, and
104:campus
85:octopi
60:campus
34:, the
1109:virus
937:Lexus
933:Lexus
919:prius
911:Prius
906:Elvis
853:cacti
823:sheep
640:is a
540:virii
523:is a
521:virii
513:virii
509:virii
497:virii
488:vīrīs
461:vīrus
435:vīrus
394:virus
370:vīrus
355:Vīrus
349:virii
332:virus
317:virii
301:virus
294:Virus
277:is a
267:omnis
261:(and
232:sinūs
222:sinus
214:opera
156:index
120:radii
108:bonus
49:with
43:Latin
1341:2005
1202:ISBN
1160:2010
1006:2023
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