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1805:, CA meaning "Core Alone", model premiered on 23 April 2007. The CA model does not include the six strap-on boosters used by the PSLV standard variant but two SITVC tanks with Roll Control Thruster modules are still attached to the side of the first stage with addition of two cylindrical aerodynamic stabilizers. The fourth stage of the CA variant has 400 kg (880 lb) less propellant when compared to its standard version. It currently has capability to launch 1,100 kg (2,400 lb) to 622 km (386 mi)
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As of 1 January 2024 the PSLV has made 60 launches, with 57 successfully reaching their planned orbits, two outright failures and one partial failure, yielding a success rate of 95% (or 97% including the partial failure). All launches have occurred from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, known
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ISRO has envisaged a number of variants of PSLV to cater to different mission requirements. There are currently two operational versions of the PSLV — the core-alone (PSLV-CA) without strap-on motors, and the (PSLV-XL) version, with six extended length (XL) strap-on motors carrying 12 tonnes of HTPB
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began in 1978. Among 35 proposed configurations, four were picked; by
November 1980, a vehicle configuration with two strap-ons on a core booster (S80) with 80 tonne solid propellant loading each, a liquid stage with 30 tonne propellant load (L30), and an upper stage called the Perigee-Apogee System
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problem led to the collision of the second and third stages at separation, and the payload failed to reach orbit. After this initial setback, the PSLV successfully completed its second mission in 1994. The fourth launch of PSLV suffered a partial failure in 1997, leaving its payload in a lower than
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About a year later, an important change was made, with the solid fourth stage being substituted by a liquid stage. This change was considered necessary since the accuracy with which the IRS satellites had to be put into orbit — within 15 km in terms of orbital height and within 0.1° of the desired
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is the upgraded version of Polar
Satellite Launch Vehicle in its standard configuration boosted by more powerful, stretched strap-on boosters with 12 tonne propellant load. Weighing 320 t (310 long tons; 350 short tons) at lift-off, the vehicle uses larger strap-on motors (PSOM-XL or S12) to
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first stage, liquid fueled second stage (L33), and two solid upper stages (S7 and S2.) This configuration needed further improvement to meet the orbital injection accuracy requirements of IRS satellites, and hence, the solid terminal stage (S2) was replaced with a pressure fed liquid fueled stage
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on PSLV-C14 and mRESINS on PSLV-C21. But now, PS4 is being augmented to serve as a long duration orbital platform after completion of primary mission. PS4 Orbital
Platform (PS4-OP) will have its own power supply, telemetry package, data storage and attitude control for hosted payloads.
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Payload fairing of PSLV, also referred as its "Heatshield" consists of a conical upper section with spherical nose-cap, a cylindrical middle section and a lower boat-tail section. Weighing 1,182 kilograms (2,606 lb), it has 3.2 meter diameter and 8.3 meter height. It has
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rocket engine firmed up, a new lighter configuration with the inclusion of a liquid powered stage was selected. Funding was approved in July 1982 for the finalized design, employing a single large S125 solid core as first stage with six 9 tonne strap-ons (S9) derived from the
1372:. Four boosters are ground-lit and the remaining two ignite 25 seconds after launch. The solid boosters carry 9 t (8.9 long tons; 9.9 short tons) or 12 t (12 long tons; 13 short tons) (for PSLV-XL configuration) propellant and produce 510 kN (110,000 lb
1558:. A total of 19 weld joints were eliminated through this process while engine's 14 components were reduced to one piece. It saved 60% of the production time and drastically decreased the amount of raw materials used per engine, from 565 kg to 13.7 kg of metal powder.
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had four stages using solid and liquid propulsion systems alternately and six strap-on motors (PSOM or S9) with 9 tonne propellant loading. It had capability to launch 1,678 kg (3,699 lb) to 622 km (386 mi) into sun-synchronous orbit.
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1171:(L1.8 or LUS) powered by twin engines derived from roll control engines of the first stage. Apart from increasing precision, liquid upper stage also absorbed any deviation in performance of solid third stage. The final configuration of
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PSLV-3S was conceived as a three-staged version of PSLV with its six strap-on boosters and second liquid stage removed. The total lift-off mass of PSLV-3S was expected to be 175 tonnes with capacity to place 500 kg in 550 km
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device based jettisoning system consisting of horizontal and lateral separation mechanisms. To protect the spacecraft from damage due to excessive acoustic loads during launch, the heatshield interior is lined with acoustic blankets.
4199:"In-situ observations of rocket burn induced modulations of the top side ionosphere using the IDEA payload on-board the unique orbiting experimental platform (PS4) of the Indian Polar Orbiting Satellite Launch Vehicle mission - ISRO"
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led conglomerate for the production of five PSLV-XL launch vehicles after they won competitive bidding. Under this contract, they have to deliver their first PSLV-XL within 24 months and the remaining four vehicles every six months.
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was the first campaign where PS4 functioned as independent orbital platform for short duration as there was no on-board power generation capacity. It carried KalamSAT-V2 as a fixed payload, a 1U cubesat by Space Kidz India based on
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on 15 February 2017, successfully deploying 104 satellites in Sun-synchronous orbit, tripling the previous record held by Russia for the highest number of satellites sent to space on a single launch, until 24 January 2021, when
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The third stage, which is a solid rocket booster, and burns 80 seconds and then coasts for the remainder of time and around T+8/10 minutes, it separates and the 4th stage ignites to give the rocket a final push into the
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On inter-stage (1/2U) of PS2 there are two pairs of ullage rockets to maintain positive acceleration during PS1/PS2 staging and also two pairs of retro-rockets to help push away spent stage during PS2/PS3 staging.
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1434:(±4°) in two planes to provide pitch and yaw control by two actuators, while roll control is provided by a Hot gas Reaction Control Motor (HRCM) that ejects hot gases diverted from gas generator of Vikas engine.
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services for small satellites, owing to its numerous multi-satellite deployment campaigns with auxiliary payloads, usually ride-sharing along with an Indian primary payload. As of June 2022, PSLV has launched
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on 24 January 2019 was the first flight to use PSLV-DL variant of Polar
Satellite Launch Vehicle. It is capable of launching 1,257 kg (2,771 lb) to 600 km (370 mi) Sun-synchronous orbit.
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project currently being processed by ISRO.It is planned to use a GSLV, modified by replacing it's
Cryogenic Upper Stage(CUS) with the PS-4 as the RLV would not required the excess thrust created by the CUS.
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This
Template lists historical, current, and future space rockets that at least once attempted (but not necessarily succeeded in) an orbital launch or that are planned to attempt such a launch in the future
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and carries 1,600 kg (3,500 lb) to 2,500 kg (5,500 lb) of propellant depending on the mission requirements. PS4 has three variants L1.6, L2.0 and L2.5 based on propellant tank capacity.
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1641:, and it hosted six payloads. POEM was the first PSLV fourth stage based orbital platform to be actively stabilised using Helium based cold gas thrusters after the primary mission and stage passivization.
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On PSLV-C29/TeLEOS-1 mission, the fourth stage demonstrated re-ignition capability for the first time which was used in many subsequent flights to deploy payloads in multiple orbits on a single campaign.
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based propellant each. These configurations provide wide variations in payload capabilities up to 3,800 kg (8,400 lb) in LEO and 1,800 kg (4,000 lb) in sun-synchronous orbit.
1241:(LEO) satellites. It has undergone several improvements with each subsequent version, especially those involving thrust, efficiency as well as weight. In November 2013, it was used to launch the
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tank at its bottom. Water spray is used to cool hot gases from Vikas' gas generator to about 600 °C before entering turbopump. Propellant and water tanks of second stage are pressurized by
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This 4th stage burn is highly variable and depends on the mass and number of payloads and usually is around 500 seconds long. The 4th stage may shut off around T+16/18 minutes followed by the
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1508:) thrust and is gimbaled (±3°) to provide pitch, yaw and roll control during powered flight. Coast phase attitude control is provided by six 50N RCS thrusters. The stage is pressurized by
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by venting pressurant and propellant vapour after achieving main mission objectives. Such passivation prevents any unintentional fragmentation or explosion due to stored internal energy.
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First stage separation is aided by four pairs of retro-rockets installed on inter-stage (1/2L). During staging, these eight rockets help push away the spent stage away from second stage.
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The fourth stage has three variants designated as L1.6, L2.0 and L2.5 based on the propellant loading capacity of 1.6t, 2t and 2.5t respectively required for a particular mission.
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achieve higher payload capability. On 29 December 2005, ISRO successfully tested the improved version of strap-on booster for the PSLV. The first use of PSLV-XL was the launch of
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At T+1:10, the first 4 ground-lit PSOMs have depleted its propellant and now separates and falls down to the ocean. The remaining 2 PSOMs and the PS1 continue to burn.
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Payloads can be integrated in tandem configuration employing a Dual Launch
Adapter. Smaller payloads are also placed on equipment deck and customized payload adapters.
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Today, the PSLV is available in three configurations — the generic vehicle with six strap-ons, which is the earlier edition of PSLV (which will be discontinued soon)
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Currently, two versions of PSLV are operational, namely PSLV-XL (with six extended version of Strap-on motors) and the PSLV Core-alone (without Strap-on motors).
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4381:"Congratulations to ISRO and SpaceKidzIndia on getting their CubeSat into orbit! The students modified their IOS CubeSat kit, complete w/ their own experiments!"
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on 1 April 2019 was the first flight of PSLV-QL. It has the capacity to launch 1,523 kg (3,358 lb) to 600 km (370 mi) Sun-synchronous orbit.
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Symbol indicates past or current rockets that attempted orbital launches but never succeeded (never did or has yet to perform a successful orbital launch)
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planned orbit. In
November 2014, the PSLV had launched 34 times with no further failures. (Although launch 41: August 2017 PSLV-C39 was unsuccessful.)
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around PS4 propellant tank. The three payloads hosted on PS4-OP were the
Advanced Retarding Potential Analyzer for Ionospheric Studies (ARIS 101F) by
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The third stage uses 7.6 t (7.5 long tons; 8.4 short tons) of HTPB solid propellant and produces a maximum thrust of 250 kN (56,000 lb
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72 billion or US$ 860 million in 2023) for 30 operational flights of the PSLV scheduled to take place between 2019 and 2024.
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2881:"Here's the #103ISC Official Newsletter 2nd edition brought by Journalism students and researchers. 2/2 @PIB_Indiapic.twitter.com/mLq9CZnY5T"
1380:) thrust respectively. Two strap-on boosters are equipped with SITVC for additional attitude control. The PSLV-CA uses no strap-on boosters.
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ISRO is working towards handing over the production and operation of PSLV to private industry through a joint venture. On 16 August 2019,
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Ramakrishnan, S.; Somanath, S.; Balakrishnan, S. S. (1 January 2002). "Multi-Orbit
Mission by PSLV-C3 and Future Launch Opportunities".
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control during first stage flight is provided by the Secondary Injection Thrust Vector Control (SITVC) System, which injects an
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At T+1:35, the remaining 2 PSOMs complete its 70 seconds burn and separate, leaving the rocket in a Core- Alone configuration.
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exhaust divergent from a ring of 24 injection ports to produce asymmetric thrust. The solution is stored in two cylindrical
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3301:"Press Release - NSIL signs Contract with HAL (lead member of HAL-L&T consortium) for production of 05 nos of PSLV-XL"
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3802:"Signatures, Newsletter of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing – Ahmedabad Chapter. Volume: 24, No.2, April- June 2012"
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1426:) as oxidiser in two tanks separated by a common bulkhead. It generates a maximum thrust of 800 kN (180,000 lb
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campaigns, as a demonstration PS4 was kept operational and monitored for over ten orbits after delivering spacecraft.
1157:, and the PSLV project objectives were upgraded to have the vehicle deliver a 1000 kg payload into a 900 km
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in March and April 2024. This substitution should increase payload capacity of PSLV by 15 kilograms (33 lb).
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At around T+23/26, the remaining 2 unlit boosters are air-lit bringing the rocket at its maximum thrust capacity.
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The second stage burns for around 130 seconds and around T+4 minutes, the second stages shuts off and separates.
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by PSLV-C11. The payload capability for this variant is 1,800 kg (4,000 lb) to Sun-synchronous orbit.
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campaign, the fourth stage had its own power generation capability as it was augmented with an array of fixed
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The PSLV was first launched on 20 September 1993. The first and second stages performed as expected, but an
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3915:"Design and operational practices for the passivation of spacecraft and launchers at the end of life"
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2306:"SURPLUS MISSILE MOTORS: Sale Price Drives Potential Effects on DOD and Commercial Launch Providers"
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3581:"Development & qualification of Titanium Alloy High-Pressure Gas Bottles for PSLV second Stage"
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Control Thruster (RCT) modules with small bi-propellant (MMH/MON) liquid engine are also attached.
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Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering
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Within T+1, 4 out of the 6 boosters ignite on ground, each producing 703 kN of thrust. 7658
1323:-bound (HTPB) propellant and develops a maximum thrust of about 4,800 kN (1,100,000 lb
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3985:"ISRO Develops Lightweight Carbon-Carbon Nozzle for Rocket Engines, Enhancing Payload Capacity"
3837:"ISRO Successfully Tests Multiple Burn Fuel Engine During Launch of Six Singaporean Satellites"
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fibre case and a submerged nozzle equipped with a flex-bearing-seal gimbaled nozzle with ±2°
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4507:"Bengaluru's Digantara, Hyderabad startup Dhruva become first to get IN-SPACe authorisation"
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Rao, P.V. Manoranjan, ed. (2015). "2.6 PSLV: The workhorse of ISRO by N. Narayanamoorthy".
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4636:"RLV re-entry mission to use GSLV with PSLV last stage; landing gear to change & more"
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3395:"HAL-L&T to build five PSLV rockets, bags Rs 860 crore deal from NSIL for the project"
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3452:"Hal-l&t Wins Over 824-cr Contract For Making 5 Pslvs | India News - Times of India"
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with a 3 mm thick steel nose-cap. The two halves of fairing are separated using a
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3365:"Adani, L&T among those in race for PSLV contract | India News - Times of India"
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1190:. The liquid propulsion for the second and fourth stages of the PSLV as well as the
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kN of total thrust is produced by the combined propulsion of the PSOMs and the PS1.
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nozzle used on twin engines of fourth stage is expected to be replaced by lighter,
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variant has four ground-lit strap-on boosters, each with 12 tonnes of propellant.
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to develop a vehicle capable of delivering a 600 kg payload to a 550 km
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4592:"Har Ghar Tiranga happened in Antriksh. ISRO did hoist the Indian flag in Space!"
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The PSLV has four stages, using solid and liquid propulsion systems alternately.
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2426:"Galileo Galilei (GG) Launcher Identification And Compatibility Analysis Report"
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PSLV continues to support Indian and foreign satellite launches especially for
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At T+1:50, the PS1 has completed its 110-second burn and it separates and the
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variant has only two strap-on boosters with 12 tonne propellant load on them.
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4404:"Indian military satellite, 20 more Planet imaging CubeSats launched by PSLV"
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Thomas, George; Pant, Bhanu; Ganesan, R.; Singh, S. K.; Sinha, P. P. (1999).
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5150:"Space Debris Mitigation – Coordination and Implementation efforts in India"
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3275:"Government approves Rs 10,000-crore continuation programmes for PSLV, GSLV"
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for manufacturing PSLV entirely by private industries. On 5 September 2022,
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Indian expendable launch vehicle for launching satellites, developed by ISRO
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4112:"Opportunities for science experiments in the fourth stage of India's PSLV"
2755:"India Launches 104 Satellites From a Single Rocket, Ramping Up Space Race"
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The fourth stage is powered by regeneratively cooled twin engines, burning
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2305:
1219:
7635:
5349:
5321:
3425:"ISRO looks at JV for PSLV manufacture; launch to be privatized by 2020"
2824:"SpaceX launches 143 satellites on one rocket in record-setting mission"
2362:
1484:
for pitch and yaw control. Roll control is provided by the fourth stage
8267:
7903:
7775:
7770:
7765:
7760:
7755:
7716:
7692:
7687:
7682:
7677:
7551:
7531:
7127:
7036:
7031:
7026:
7021:
7016:
7011:
6929:
6740:
6666:
6592:
6572:
6512:
6495:
6490:
6485:
6411:
6406:
6396:
6277:
6267:
6190:
6151:
5927:
5915:
5879:
3054:
Raj, Gopal (2000). "8. PSLV: Achieving Operational Launch Capability".
1654:
1611:
1551:
1327:). The 2.8 m (9 ft 2 in) diameter motor case is made of
1793:
was the last operational launch of PSLV-G before its discontinuation.
1009:
8787:
8767:
8603:
8404:
8257:
8236:
7915:
7898:
7822:
7817:
7785:
7780:
7655:
7591:
7586:
7576:
7571:
7566:
7526:
7516:
7499:
7450:
7436:
7352:
7347:
7211:
7199:
7189:
7137:
7046:
6914:
6889:
6867:
6760:
6661:
6539:
6250:
6245:
6215:
6156:
6038:
5783:
4836:"Where India reaches for the stars: Inside ISRO's Sriharikota Centre"
2706:"Rideshare demand grows despite development of small launch vehicles"
1675:
1623:
1577:
1477:
1354:
1125:
1086:
1043:
722:
485:
2468:
1504:(MON). Each pressure fed engine generates 7.4 kN (1,700 lb
1319:
in the world, carries 138 t (136 long tons; 152 short tons) of
8808:
8252:
8153:
8099:
Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre (IN–SPACe)
7920:
7908:
7893:
7888:
7839:
7795:
7645:
7608:
7603:
7598:
7504:
7494:
7426:
7421:
7394:
7374:
7194:
7184:
7105:
7100:
7051:
7041:
6909:
6862:
6845:
6840:
6835:
6830:
6825:
6735:
6703:
6698:
6607:
6567:
6544:
6458:
6443:
6433:
6272:
6163:
6045:
6033:
6025:
6013:
6005:
5993:
5981:
5969:
5957:
5945:
5922:
5910:
5903:
5898:
5886:
5874:
5862:
5854:
5847:
5842:
5830:
5823:
5818:
5810:
5802:
5790:
5778:
5770:
5763:
5758:
5751:
5746:
5739:
5734:
5706:
5699:
5694:
5687:
5682:
5674:
5667:
5662:
5650:
5643:
5638:
1864:
1853:
1837:
1790:
1634:
1607:
1595:
1589:
1585:
1573:
1462:
1358:
1357:
tanks strapped to the core solid rocket motor and pressurised with
1308:
1111:
1102:
1078:
470:
1368:
On the PSLV-G and PSLV-XL, first stage thrust is augmented by six
8819:
8589:
7883:
7812:
7802:
7640:
7561:
7556:
7389:
7384:
7379:
7164:
7006:
7001:
6996:
6991:
6986:
6981:
6976:
6971:
6966:
6961:
6904:
6899:
6894:
6646:
6480:
6173:
6168:
5539:
5515:
5503:
5491:
5479:
5471:
5443:
5435:
5427:
5419:
5411:
4388:
4015:"With 3D-printed rocket engine, Isro adds another feather to cap"
2729:"PSLV-C48 successfully launches RISAT-2BRI, 9 foreign satellites"
2331:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1684:
1543:
nozzle divergent. The new nozzle was hot tested at facilities of
1172:
4870:. Government of India, Department of Space. 2016. Archived from
4726:
Ramamurti, V; Rajarajan, S; Rao, G Venkateswara (October 2001).
3704:
8752:
8563:
8262:
8206:
7317:
7290:
7159:
6750:
6527:
6050:
5986:
5962:
5950:
5891:
5508:
5484:
3071:
orbital inclination — could not be achieved with a solid stage.
1509:
1473:
1446:
1442:
1431:
1207:
1107:
728:
5106:. Indian Academy of Sciences. 25 December 2007. Archived from
3056:
Reach For the Stars: The Evolution of India's Rocket Programme
1101:
from 36 countries. Most notable among these was the launch of
8568:
8226:
8211:
8160:
8016:
7873:
7844:
7455:
7154:
6423:
6225:
5867:
5711:
5296:"PSLV- The Travel Beyond the Blue! #ISRO #VikatanInfographic"
2651:"PSLV-C25: the vehicle that launched the Indian Mars Orbiter"
1407:
1406:
and carries 41.5 t (40.8 long tons; 45.7 short tons) of
1256:
1057:
Some notable payloads launched by PSLV include India's first
480:
475:
96:
78:
8470:
8133:
7285:
7280:
7275:
7270:
7149:
6517:
6386:
4781:"Aerodynamic simulation of heatshield separation on ground"
2785:
2260:
1626:. To function as orbital platform, fourth stage was put in
1615:
1058:
838:
4756:. 21 August 2015. Event occurs at 20 minutes 40 seconds.
3001:
Rao, P.V. Monoranjan; Radhakrishnan, Paramaswaran (2012).
1331:
and has an empty mass of 30,200 kg (66,600 lb).
7295:
7144:
4902:"2.6 PSLV: The workhorse of ISRO by N. Narayanamoorthy".
4695:"IRNSS-1H/PSLV-C39 Orbit Evolution and Re-entry Analysis"
3084:
Ready To Fire: How India and I Survived the ISRO Spy Case
2945:
Ready to Fire: How India and I survived the ISRO Spy case
2312:. U.S. Government Accountability Office. 16 August 2017.
4979:"New Solid Propellant Motor to Increase PSLV Capability"
4904:
From Fishing Hamlet to Red Planet: India's Space Journey
1651:
Reusable Launch Vehicle Technology Demonstration program
8059:
Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST)
5456:
4753:
Indigenous Development of Materials for Space Programme
3578:
1441:
Second stage also carries some quantity of water in a
1175:
to fly in 1993 was (6 × S9 + S125) + L37.5 + S7 + L2.
1038:(ISRO). It was developed to allow India to launch its
104:
235 crore or US$ 28 million in 2023)
86:
153 crore or US$ 18 million in 2023)
8084:
Development and Educational Communication Unit (DECU)
4725:
1572:
PS4 has carried hosted payloads like AAM on PSLV-C8,
1092:
PSLV has gained credibility as a leading provider of
4953:
4806:"The PSLV is a proud symbol of ISRO's self-reliance"
4378:
2919:
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
2209:
3626:. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company. p. 40.
3326:"ISRO's business arm begins search for PSLV makers"
2671:
1550:ISRO successfully completed 665-second hot test of
6009:(EOS-06, BhutanSat aka INS-2B, Anand, 26 Nov 2022)
5396:
2645:
2643:
5097:"Evolution of Indian launch vehicle technologies"
3861:
2388:
2386:
2384:
8860:
3621:
3135:"Current Science (Volume 65 - Issue 07) PSLV-D1"
3086:. Bloomsbury Publishing. 2018. pp. 207–208.
3000:
2793:"ISRO's record satellites' launch: 10 top facts"
1561:
1472:). Its burn duration is 113.5 seconds. It has a
8069:National Atmospheric Research Laboratory (NARL)
4778:
3862:Adimurthy, V.; Ganeshan, A.S. (February 2006).
2975:. New Scientist. 22 January 1981. p. 215.
2854:"PSLV C35 / Scatsat-1 with Dual Launch Adapter"
2640:
1784:The standard or "Generic" version of the PSLV,
8685:Development and Educational Communication Unit
2575:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2381:
1410:store-able liquid propellant –
7999:
6099:
5382:
5125:"Future of Space Transportation: S. Somanath"
3449:
3362:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2526:
1953:before 2002 as the Sriharikota Range (SHAR).
8711:ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network
5234:"Flight Profile – PSLV C38 | Spaceflight101"
5208:"Flight Profile – PSLV C40 | Spaceflight101"
4960:PSLV-C11 Successfully Launches Chandrayaan-1
3768:. Archived from the original on 28 July 2020
2909:
2497:. Archived from the original on 28 July 2020
1226:, which also carries out launch operations.
8838:List of Satish Dhawan Space Centre launches
4927:
4925:
4923:
4803:
4620:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
4589:
4229:"Department of Space Annual Report 2017-18"
3864:"Space debris mitigation measures in India"
2947:. Bloomsbury Publishing. 2018. p. 203.
2566:
2465:"The Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV)"
2459:
2457:
2455:
2453:
1637:campaign, the PS4-OP is referred to as the
1524:mitigation measure, PSLV fourth stage gets
1114:rocket carrying 143 satellites into orbit.
8617:Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station
8006:
7992:
6113:
6106:
6092:
5389:
5375:
4282:
2726:
2523:
2418:
27:
8064:Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (IIRS)
8049:Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
5006:"SLV-C44 to lift-off with added features"
4379:Interorbital Systems (25 January 2019).
2679:"Welcome To ISRO :: Launch Vehicles"
2431:. 8 June 2009. p. 27. Archived from
1554:PS4 engine, produced by Wipro 3D through
1248:In June 2018, the Union Cabinet approved
1133:Studies by the PSLV Planning group under
4920:
3760:
3758:
3756:
3754:
2450:
2271:Comparison of orbital launchers families
1848:
1665:
1456:
1402:The second stage is powered by a single
1390:
1311:first stage inside Mobile Service Tower.
1303:
1124:
1110:launched the Transporter-1 mission on a
5063:
4997:
4686:
2973:"Indian ambitions in space go sky-high"
2912:"Research on PSLV-C37 Launcher by ISRO"
2879:Cong, Indian Science (5 January 2016).
2821:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2610:
2608:
2256:Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle
1639:PSLV Orbital Experimental Module (POEM)
8861:
8511:RLV Technology Demonstration Programme
5147:
4842:from the original on 15 September 2018
4241:from the original on 13 February 2018.
4209:from the original on 21 September 2022
4080:"Space-India July 2012 to August 2013"
3912:
2357:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2341:
1894:The PS1 ignites at T+0 providing 4846
1291:
1245:, India's first interplanetary probe.
689:138,200 kg (304,700 lb) each
8675:Laboratory for Electro-Optics Systems
7987:
6087:
5370:
5328:from the original on 22 December 2016
5240:from the original on 15 February 2022
5214:from the original on 13 February 2022
5030:
4985:from the original on 17 February 2009
4897:
4895:
4693:Singh, Satyendra (11 December 2019).
4692:
4602:from the original on 9 September 2022
4504:
4462:from the original on 23 February 2020
4436:from the original on 13 February 2020
4309:
4251:
4166:
3751:
3686:from the original on 11 December 2017
3603:from the original on 11 November 2020
3542:
3540:
3479:
3477:
3462:from the original on 9 September 2022
3431:from the original on 16 November 2017
3427:. Geospatial World. 26 October 2017.
3405:from the original on 9 September 2022
3375:from the original on 9 September 2022
3344:from the original on 9 September 2022
3129:
3127:
3125:
3123:
3024:
3022:
2996:
2994:
2860:from the original on 22 December 2017
2803:from the original on 16 February 2017
2752:
2703:
2369:from the original on 22 December 2016
1491:
1386:
6131:Comparison of orbital launch systems
5162:from the original on 10 October 2022
5148:Murthi, K.R. Sridhara (9 May 2009).
5012:from the original on 11 January 2019
4816:from the original on 26 October 2012
4793:from the original on 9 October 2022.
4760:from the original on 3 December 2020
4561:"పీఎస్ఎల్వీ-సి53లో నూతన సాంకేతికత"
4494:from the original on 9 October 2022.
4264:from the original on 8 November 2020
4252:Singh, Surendra (16 December 2018).
4124:from the original on 9 October 2022.
3973:from the original on 9 October 2022.
3255:from the original on 27 October 2014
3199:from the original on 5 December 2020
3108:from the original on 9 February 2020
2979:from the original on 10 October 2022
2891:from the original on 11 January 2022
2878:
2834:from the original on 24 January 2021
2605:
2287:Comparison of orbital launch systems
2282:Comparison of orbital rocket engines
2093:Decade-wise summary of PSLV launches
1941:
1870:
1758:HRCM Hot Gas Reaction Control Motor
1452:
1361:. Underneath these two SITVC tanks,
1315:The first stage, one of the largest
1299:
778:42,000 kg (93,000 lb) each
588:12,200 kg (26,900 lb) each
5188:from the original on 3 January 2018
5033:"PSLV lift-off with added features"
4740:from the original on 6 August 2020.
4707:from the original on 9 October 2022
4312:"PSLV lift-off with added features"
4283:rajasekhar, pathri (20 June 2017).
4179:from the original on 24 August 2019
3829:
3323:
3277:. The Economic Times. 7 June 2018.
3053:
3028:
3003:A brief history of rocketry in ISRO
2822:Wattles, Jackie (24 January 2021).
2660:. 25 September 2015. Archived from
2338:
869:7,600 kg (16,800 lb) each
13:
8385:Indian human spaceflight programme
8079:Physical Research Laboratory (PRL)
5174:
5077:from the original on 24 March 2019
5051:from the original on 6 August 2020
4892:
4804:Subramanian, T.S. (15 July 2011).
4797:
4330:from the original on 6 August 2020
4291:from the original on 6 August 2020
3894:from the original on 12 April 2022
3537:
3525:from the original on 6 August 2020
3495:from the original on 6 August 2020
3474:
3324:D.s, Madhumathi (16 August 2019).
3147:from the original on 6 August 2020
3120:
3019:
2991:
2727:Tejonmayam, U (11 December 2019).
2316:from the original on 13 April 2018
1661:
1644:
1376:) and 719 kN (162,000 lb
1036:Indian Space Research Organisation
946:2,500 kg (5,500 lb) each
707:4,846.9 kN (1,089,600 lb
14:
8895:
6074:Italics indicates future missions
5343:
5130:. 9 February 2016. Archived from
5003:
4838:. Hindustan Times. 22 June 2016.
4517:from the original on 25 June 2022
4410:from the original on 6 April 2019
4401:
4285:"Isro to lower rocket's altitude"
3660:from the original on 7 April 2021
3229:from the original on 24 July 2011
3031:From fishing hamlet to red planet
3005:. Orient Blackswan. p. 215.
2959:From Fishing Hamlet to Red Planet
2773:from the original on 5 April 2017
2753:Barry, Ellen (15 February 2017).
2624:. Spaceflight 101. Archived from
2622:"PSLV Launch Vehicle Information"
1883:
1321:hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene
146:320,000 kg (710,000 lb)
141:230,000 kg (510,000 lb)
136:295,000 kg (650,000 lb)
8706:Indian Space Science Data Centre
8655:Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre
8107:
8015:
5455:
5322:"Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle"
5314:
5288:
4590:News9 Staff (8 September 2022).
4571:from the original on 6 July 2022
3363:Chethan Kumar (27 August 2021).
3281:from the original on 8 June 2018
3173:from the original on 20 May 2016
2363:"Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle"
2326:
2278:, 2,000 to 20,000 kg to LEO
2240:
2226:
2212:
1687:construction and is made out of
1196:Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre
938:1.3 m (4 ft 3 in)
770:2.8 m (9 ft 2 in)
681:2.8 m (9 ft 2 in)
125:2.8 m (9 ft 2 in)
8884:Expendable space launch systems
8351:Lunar Polar Exploration Mission
7959:Super heavy-lift launch vehicle
6029:(DS-SAR, VELOX-AM, 30 Jul 2023)
5252:
5226:
5200:
5141:
5117:
5089:
5031:Rajwi, Tiki (12 January 2019).
5024:
4971:
4942:. 15 March 2009. Archived from
4857:
4828:
4772:
4744:
4719:
4661:
4628:
4583:
4553:
4529:
4505:Kumar, Chethan (25 June 2012).
4498:
4474:
4448:
4422:
4395:
4372:
4342:
4310:Rajwi, Tiki (12 January 2019).
4303:
4276:
4245:
4221:
4191:
4167:Kumar, Chethan (15 June 2019).
4160:
4128:
4104:
4072:
4040:
4007:
3977:
3953:
3906:
3888:10.1016/j.actaastro.2005.09.002
3855:
3794:
3739:from the original on 7 May 2021
3721:
3698:
3672:
3640:
3624:Envisioning An Empowered nation
3615:
3572:
3507:
3443:
3417:
3387:
3356:
3317:
3293:
3267:
3241:
3211:
3185:
3159:
3090:
3076:
3047:
2965:
2951:
2937:
2903:
2872:
2846:
2815:
2746:
2720:
2697:
1412:unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine
1153:development with the launch of
8869:Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle
8721:National Remote Sensing Centre
6126:List of orbital launch systems
5398:Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle
5350:PSLV : Official ISRO Page
4141:. 15 June 2019. Archived from
4048:"PSLV C14/Oceansat-2 brochure"
3450:Chethan Kumar (9 April 2022).
2910:Aisha Nazeer (November 2018).
2483:
2298:
2266:Next Generation Launch Vehicle
2074:Total as of January 2024
1630:mode using its RCS thrusters.
1622:payload by ISRO, and AISAT by
1568:PSLV Orbital Experiment Module
1120:
1021:Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle
861:2 m (6 ft 7 in)
797:803.7 kN (180,700 lb
628:1,407 kN (316,000 lb
622:2,814 kN (633,000 lb
616:4,221 kN (949,000 lb
604:703.5 kN (158,200 lb
580:1 m (3 ft 3 in)
552:Boosters (PSLV-XL/QL/DL) – S12
22:Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle
1:
8074:NewSpace India Limited (NSIL)
4779:Chakraborty, D; Vasantha, S.
3680:"ASACO sub-systems for space"
3622:Sivathanu Pillai, A. (2004).
3249:"ISRO - Mars Orbiter Mission"
2292:
1562:PS4 stage as orbital platform
1281:Hindustan Aeronautics Limited
1034:designed and operated by the
727:269 s (2.64 km/s) (
721:237 s (2.32 km/s) (
284:1,300 kg (2,900 lb)
278:1,150 kg (2,540 lb)
252:1,425 kg (3,142 lb)
232:1,750 kg (3,860 lb)
226:1,100 kg (2,400 lb)
220:1,600 kg (3,500 lb)
194:3,800 kg (8,400 lb)
188:2,100 kg (4,600 lb)
182:3,200 kg (7,100 lb)
8645:Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre
2704:Foust, Jeff (23 June 2017).
1161:. As technology transfer of
1149:By 1981, confidence grew in
1146:(PAS) was being considered.
1073:(Mangalyaan), India's first
1052:Geostationary Transfer Orbit
962:14.66 kN (3,300 lb
515:510 kN (110,000 lb
7:
8879:Vehicles introduced in 1993
8627:Kulasekharapatnam Spaceport
8181:Human Spaceflight Programme
3169:. Spacecraft Encyclopedia.
2205:
1770:
1461:Third and fourth stages of
1395:PSLV-C50 second stage with
1194:(RCS) are developed by the
1180:inertial navigation systems
976:308 s (3.02 km/s)
899:295 s (2.89 km/s)
885:250 kN (56,000 lb
811:293 s (2.87 km/s)
642:262 s (2.57 km/s)
529:262 s (2.57 km/s)
10:
8900:
8874:ISRO space launch vehicles
8670:ISRO Inertial Systems Unit
8612:Satish Dhawan Space Centre
8105:
7949:Medium-lift launch vehicle
5184:. The New Indian Express.
4865:"Outcome Budget 2016–2017"
3648:"Space India Jan-Mar 1990"
3548:"PSLV C8 / AGILE brochure"
2276:Medium-lift launch vehicle
1945:
1844:
1828:
1812:
1796:
1565:
1216:Satish Dhawan Space Centre
1184:ISRO Inertial Systems Unit
1032:medium-lift launch vehicle
332:Satish Dhawan Space Centre
168:(200 km @ 30° inclination)
8848:List of ISRO chairpersons
8833:List of Indian satellites
8828:
8796:
8745:
8729:
8701:Indian Deep Space Network
8693:
8680:Human Space Flight Centre
8665:Space Applications Centre
8637:
8602:
8582:
8556:
8549:
8524:
8503:
8436:
8427:
8377:
8277:
8245:
8189:
8116:
8041:
8033:Department of Space (DoS)
8028:
7967:
7954:Heavy-lift launch vehicle
7944:Small-lift launch vehicle
7931:
6781:
6555:
6139:
6121:
6065:
5997:(DS-EO, NeuSAR, Scoob-1,
5938:
5575:
5464:
5453:
5404:
3913:Bonnal, C (1 June 2007).
3786:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
2515:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1779:
1755:RCT and SITVC in 2 PSOMs
1151:remote sensing spacecraft
1006:
1002:
988:
980:
970:
958:
950:
942:
934:
926:
921:
911:
903:
893:
881:
873:
865:
857:
849:
844:
823:
815:
805:
793:
782:
774:
766:
758:
753:
743:
735:
715:
703:
693:
685:
677:
669:
664:
654:
646:
636:
612:
600:
592:
584:
576:
568:
556:
551:
541:
533:
523:
511:
503:
498:
494:
453:
412:
371:
363:
355:
347:
337:
327:
319:
314:
300:
295:
291:
268:
260:
248:
239:
210:
201:
172:
163:
158:
150:
129:
121:
113:
108:
67:
59:
51:
46:Medium-lift launch system
41:
26:
8650:U R Rao Satellite Centre
5362:India in Space PSLV page
5355:22 December 2016 at the
4537:"PSLV-C53/DS-EO mission"
3931:10.1243/09544100JAERO231
1502:mixed oxides of nitrogen
1192:Reaction control systems
762:12.8 m (42 ft)
454:Type of passengers/cargo
8716:Master Control Facility
8660:ISRO Propulsion Complex
6017:(TeLEOS-2, Lumelite-4,
5826:, 31 Aug 2017, failure)
4965:25 October 2008 at the
4906:. Harpercollins. 2015.
3195:. Gunter's Space Page.
1921:inside the PS2 ignites.
1556:selective laser melting
1486:reaction control system
1370:strap-on solid boosters
1279:signed a contract with
853:3.6 m (12 ft)
117:44 m (144 ft)
8730:Legislation and policy
8362:Mars Orbiter Mission 2
8022:Indian space programme
6115:Orbital launch systems
6021:(hosted), 22 Apr 2023)
6001:(hosted), 30 Jun 2022)
5415:(20 Sep 1993, failure)
2550:. ISRO. Archived from
2399:. 2011. Archived from
1857:
1679:
1465:
1399:
1312:
1277:NewSpace India Limited
1269:NewSpace India Limited
1130:
1099:345 foreign satellites
1067:interplanetary mission
1048:Sun-synchronous orbits
930:3 m (9.8 ft)
673:20 m (66 ft)
572:12 m (39 ft)
499:Boosters (PSLV-G) – S9
8843:List of ISRO missions
8737:Space Activities Bill
8368:Venus Orbiter Mission
8089:Integrated Space Cell
6070:List of PSLV launches
6057:(hosted), 1 Jan 2024)
2006:PSLV-CA (Core Alone)
1948:List of PSLV launches
1852:
1807:Sun-synchronous orbit
1669:
1460:
1394:
1347:strontium perchlorate
1317:solid rocket boosters
1307:
1139:sun-synchronous orbit
1128:
1040:Indian Remote Sensing
8357:Mars Orbiter Mission
8280:planetary spacecraft
8232:South Asia Satellite
8094:Defence Space Agency
5656:Mars Orbiter Mission
4287:. Deccan Chronicle.
4117:. 21 February 2019.
3585:Cooperation in Space
3515:"Space India 1/1990"
3313:on 9 September 2022.
2961:. ISRO. p. 173.
2667:on 24 December 2015.
2628:on 24 September 2015
1957:Launch system status
1672:HAL Aerospace Museum
1670:PSLV heat shield at
1601:Interorbital Systems
1273:invitation to tender
1243:Mars Orbiter Mission
1071:Mars Orbiter Mission
466:Mars Orbiter Mission
8783:Bellatrix Aerospace
8638:Research facilities
8246:Space observatories
5260:"PSLV-C24 Brochure"
5137:on 24 October 2018.
4940:www.earth2orbit.com
4406:. Spaceflight Now.
3880:2006AcAau..58..168A
3814:on 21 December 2021
3715:2002iaf..confE.936R
3597:1999ESASP.430..559T
3560:on 23 February 2020
3223:Gunter's Space Page
3167:"India (Launchers)"
3140:. 10 October 1993.
2581:"PSLV_C41_Brochure"
2548:"PSLV-C37 Brochure"
2495:Space Launch Report
2406:on 22 November 2010
2023:PSLV-XL (Extended)
1689:7075 aluminum alloy
1498:monomethylhydrazine
1414:(UDMH) as fuel and
1292:Vehicle description
1285:Larsen & Toubro
23:
8815:Statio Shiv Shakti
8804:National Space Day
8623:under development
8418:ISRO Space Station
8054:Antrix Corporation
7121:v1.2 "Full Thrust"
4812:. Chennai, India.
4640:The Times of India
4511:The Times of India
4360:on 17 January 2019
4258:The Times of India
4173:The Times of India
4019:The Times of India
3456:The Times of India
3399:The Economic Times
3369:The Times of India
2797:The Times of India
2759:The New York Times
2733:The Times of India
2685:on 29 October 2014
2471:on 26 January 2022
2248:Spaceflight portal
1989:PSLV-G (Standard)
1933:Payload Deployment
1858:
1680:
1618:, an experimental
1545:IPRC, Mahendragiri
1492:Fourth stage (PS4)
1466:
1416:nitrogen tetroxide
1400:
1387:Second stage (PS2)
1313:
1204:Thiruvananthapuram
1188:Thiruvananthapuram
1131:
1081:and India's first
364:Partial failure(s)
296:Associated rockets
21:
8856:
8855:
8758:Skyroot Aerospace
8746:Private companies
8598:
8597:
8545:
8544:
8378:Human spaceflight
8292:Moon Impact Probe
7981:
7980:
6081:
6080:
4350:"PSLV-C44 - ISRO"
3868:Acta Astronautica
3033:. Harpercollins.
2394:"Access to Space"
2203:
2202:
2090:
2089:
1984:Partial failures
1942:Launch statistics
1871:PSLV-3S (concept)
1768:
1767:
1453:Third stage (PS3)
1430:). The engine is
1300:First stage (PS1)
1214:are processed at
1212:propellant motors
1182:are developed by
1129:PSLV-C11 strap-on
1075:space observatory
1017:
1016:
422:26 September 2016
381:20 September 1993
206:(620 km circular)
60:Country of origin
8891:
8554:
8553:
8434:
8433:
8111:
8020:
8019:
8008:
8001:
7994:
7985:
7984:
7830:Universal Rocket
6201:Falcon 9 Block 5
6108:
6101:
6094:
6085:
6084:
6058:
6042:
6030:
6022:
6010:
6002:
5990:
5978:
5966:
5954:
5931:
5919:
5907:
5895:
5883:
5871:
5859:
5851:
5839:
5827:
5815:
5807:
5799:
5787:
5775:
5767:
5755:
5743:
5731:
5723:
5715:
5703:
5691:
5679:
5671:
5659:
5647:
5635:
5627:
5619:
5611:
5603:
5595:
5587:
5568:
5560:
5552:
5544:
5536:
5528:
5520:
5512:
5500:
5488:
5476:
5459:
5448:
5440:
5432:
5424:
5416:
5391:
5384:
5377:
5368:
5367:
5338:
5337:
5335:
5333:
5318:
5312:
5311:
5309:
5307:
5292:
5286:
5285:
5283:
5281:
5276:on 20 March 2022
5275:
5269:. Archived from
5264:
5256:
5250:
5249:
5247:
5245:
5236:. 23 June 2017.
5230:
5224:
5223:
5221:
5219:
5204:
5198:
5197:
5195:
5193:
5178:
5172:
5171:
5169:
5167:
5161:
5154:
5145:
5139:
5138:
5136:
5129:
5121:
5115:
5114:
5112:
5101:
5093:
5087:
5086:
5084:
5082:
5071:"Launch Kit C45"
5067:
5061:
5060:
5058:
5056:
5028:
5022:
5021:
5019:
5017:
5001:
4995:
4994:
4992:
4990:
4975:
4969:
4957:
4951:
4950:
4949:on 10 July 2011.
4948:
4937:
4929:
4918:
4917:
4899:
4890:
4889:
4884:
4882:
4876:
4869:
4861:
4855:
4854:
4849:
4847:
4832:
4826:
4825:
4823:
4821:
4801:
4795:
4794:
4792:
4785:
4776:
4770:
4769:
4767:
4765:
4748:
4742:
4741:
4739:
4732:
4723:
4717:
4716:
4714:
4712:
4706:
4699:
4690:
4684:
4683:
4681:
4679:
4665:
4659:
4658:
4656:
4654:
4632:
4626:
4625:
4619:
4611:
4609:
4607:
4587:
4581:
4580:
4578:
4576:
4557:
4551:
4550:
4548:
4542:. Archived from
4541:
4533:
4527:
4526:
4524:
4522:
4502:
4496:
4495:
4493:
4487:. 16 June 2021.
4486:
4478:
4472:
4471:
4469:
4467:
4452:
4446:
4445:
4443:
4441:
4426:
4420:
4419:
4417:
4415:
4402:Clark, Stephen.
4399:
4393:
4392:
4376:
4370:
4369:
4367:
4365:
4356:. Archived from
4346:
4340:
4339:
4337:
4335:
4307:
4301:
4300:
4298:
4296:
4280:
4274:
4273:
4271:
4269:
4249:
4243:
4242:
4240:
4233:
4225:
4219:
4218:
4216:
4214:
4195:
4189:
4188:
4186:
4184:
4164:
4158:
4157:
4155:
4153:
4148:on 6 August 2020
4147:
4140:
4132:
4126:
4125:
4123:
4116:
4108:
4102:
4101:
4099:
4097:
4092:on 6 August 2020
4091:
4085:. Archived from
4084:
4076:
4070:
4069:
4067:
4065:
4060:on 6 August 2020
4059:
4053:. Archived from
4052:
4044:
4038:
4037:
4035:
4033:
4011:
4005:
4004:
4002:
4000:
3995:on 19 April 2024
3991:. Archived from
3981:
3975:
3974:
3972:
3965:
3957:
3951:
3950:
3910:
3904:
3903:
3901:
3899:
3859:
3853:
3852:
3850:
3848:
3839:. Archived from
3833:
3827:
3826:
3821:
3819:
3813:
3807:. Archived from
3806:
3798:
3792:
3791:
3785:
3777:
3775:
3773:
3766:"PSLV Datasheet"
3762:
3749:
3748:
3746:
3744:
3725:
3719:
3718:
3702:
3696:
3695:
3693:
3691:
3676:
3670:
3669:
3667:
3665:
3659:
3652:
3644:
3638:
3637:
3619:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3608:
3576:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3565:
3559:
3553:. Archived from
3552:
3544:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3530:
3511:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3500:
3481:
3472:
3471:
3469:
3467:
3447:
3441:
3440:
3438:
3436:
3421:
3415:
3414:
3412:
3410:
3391:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3380:
3360:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3349:
3321:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3306:. Archived from
3305:
3297:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3286:
3271:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3260:
3245:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3215:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3189:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3163:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3152:
3146:
3139:
3131:
3118:
3117:
3115:
3113:
3094:
3088:
3087:
3080:
3074:
3073:
3051:
3045:
3044:
3026:
3017:
3016:
2998:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2969:
2963:
2962:
2955:
2949:
2948:
2941:
2935:
2934:
2932:
2930:
2916:
2907:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2876:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2850:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2819:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2789:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2750:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2724:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2701:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2681:. Archived from
2675:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2655:
2647:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2633:
2618:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2592:
2586:. Archived from
2585:
2577:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2559:
2544:
2521:
2520:
2514:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2487:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2467:. Archived from
2461:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2438:on 10 April 2015
2437:
2430:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2405:
2398:
2390:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2359:
2336:
2330:
2329:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2302:
2250:
2245:
2244:
2243:
2236:
2231:
2230:
2229:
2222:
2217:
2216:
2215:
2108:Partial success
2099:
2098:
1969:
1968:
1965:
1904:
1897:
1699:
1698:
1653:is an prototype
1343:aqueous solution
1263:
1259:
1254:
1231:attitude control
1065:, India's first
1010:edit on Wikidata
972:Specific impulse
895:Specific impulse
807:Specific impulse
717:Specific impulse
638:Specific impulse
525:Specific impulse
446:11 December 2019
434:2 September 2023
244:(284 × 20650 km)
103:
99:
94:
85:
81:
76:
33:PSLV-C35 on the
31:
24:
20:
8899:
8898:
8894:
8893:
8892:
8890:
8889:
8888:
8859:
8858:
8857:
8852:
8824:
8811:(supercomputer)
8792:
8741:
8725:
8689:
8633:
8594:
8578:
8541:
8520:
8499:
8429:Launch vehicles
8423:
8373:
8279:
8273:
8241:
8217:Megha-Tropiques
8185:
8112:
8103:
8037:
8024:
8014:
8012:
7982:
7977:
7963:
7939:Sounding rocket
7927:
6777:
6551:
6135:
6117:
6112:
6082:
6077:
6061:
6048:
6036:
6028:
6016:
6008:
5996:
5984:
5972:
5960:
5948:
5934:
5925:
5913:
5901:
5889:
5877:
5865:
5857:
5845:
5833:
5821:
5813:
5805:
5793:
5781:
5773:
5761:
5749:
5737:
5729:
5721:
5709:
5697:
5685:
5677:
5665:
5653:
5641:
5633:
5625:
5617:
5609:
5601:
5593:
5585:
5571:
5566:
5558:
5550:
5542:
5534:
5526:
5518:
5506:
5494:
5482:
5474:
5460:
5451:
5446:
5438:
5430:
5422:
5414:
5400:
5395:
5357:Wayback Machine
5346:
5341:
5331:
5329:
5320:
5319:
5315:
5305:
5303:
5294:
5293:
5289:
5279:
5277:
5273:
5262:
5258:
5257:
5253:
5243:
5241:
5232:
5231:
5227:
5217:
5215:
5206:
5205:
5201:
5191:
5189:
5180:
5179:
5175:
5165:
5163:
5159:
5152:
5146:
5142:
5134:
5127:
5123:
5122:
5118:
5113:on 24 May 2011.
5110:
5099:
5095:
5094:
5090:
5080:
5078:
5069:
5068:
5064:
5054:
5052:
5029:
5025:
5015:
5013:
5002:
4998:
4988:
4986:
4977:
4976:
4972:
4967:Wayback Machine
4958:
4954:
4946:
4935:
4931:
4930:
4921:
4914:
4901:
4900:
4893:
4880:
4878:
4877:on 25 June 2017
4874:
4867:
4863:
4862:
4858:
4845:
4843:
4834:
4833:
4829:
4819:
4817:
4802:
4798:
4790:
4783:
4777:
4773:
4763:
4761:
4750:
4749:
4745:
4737:
4730:
4724:
4720:
4710:
4708:
4704:
4697:
4691:
4687:
4677:
4675:
4667:
4666:
4662:
4652:
4650:
4634:
4633:
4629:
4613:
4612:
4605:
4603:
4588:
4584:
4574:
4572:
4559:
4558:
4554:
4549:on 5 July 2022.
4546:
4539:
4535:
4534:
4530:
4520:
4518:
4503:
4499:
4491:
4484:
4480:
4479:
4475:
4465:
4463:
4454:
4453:
4449:
4439:
4437:
4428:
4427:
4423:
4413:
4411:
4400:
4396:
4377:
4373:
4363:
4361:
4348:
4347:
4343:
4333:
4331:
4308:
4304:
4294:
4292:
4281:
4277:
4267:
4265:
4250:
4246:
4238:
4231:
4227:
4226:
4222:
4212:
4210:
4203:www.isro.gov.in
4197:
4196:
4192:
4182:
4180:
4165:
4161:
4151:
4149:
4145:
4138:
4134:
4133:
4129:
4121:
4114:
4110:
4109:
4105:
4095:
4093:
4089:
4082:
4078:
4077:
4073:
4063:
4061:
4057:
4050:
4046:
4045:
4041:
4031:
4029:
4021:. 11 May 2024.
4013:
4012:
4008:
3998:
3996:
3989:www.isro.gov.in
3983:
3982:
3978:
3970:
3963:
3959:
3958:
3954:
3911:
3907:
3897:
3895:
3860:
3856:
3846:
3844:
3835:
3834:
3830:
3817:
3815:
3811:
3804:
3800:
3799:
3795:
3779:
3778:
3771:
3769:
3764:
3763:
3752:
3742:
3740:
3727:
3726:
3722:
3703:
3699:
3689:
3687:
3678:
3677:
3673:
3663:
3661:
3657:
3650:
3646:
3645:
3641:
3634:
3620:
3616:
3606:
3604:
3577:
3573:
3563:
3561:
3557:
3550:
3546:
3545:
3538:
3528:
3526:
3513:
3512:
3508:
3498:
3496:
3483:
3482:
3475:
3465:
3463:
3448:
3444:
3434:
3432:
3423:
3422:
3418:
3408:
3406:
3393:
3392:
3388:
3378:
3376:
3361:
3357:
3347:
3345:
3322:
3318:
3310:
3303:
3299:
3298:
3294:
3284:
3282:
3273:
3272:
3268:
3258:
3256:
3247:
3246:
3242:
3232:
3230:
3217:
3216:
3212:
3202:
3200:
3191:
3190:
3186:
3176:
3174:
3165:
3164:
3160:
3150:
3148:
3144:
3137:
3133:
3132:
3121:
3111:
3109:
3102:www.isro.gov.in
3096:
3095:
3091:
3082:
3081:
3077:
3066:
3052:
3048:
3041:
3027:
3020:
3013:
2999:
2992:
2982:
2980:
2971:
2970:
2966:
2957:
2956:
2952:
2943:
2942:
2938:
2928:
2926:
2914:
2908:
2904:
2894:
2892:
2877:
2873:
2863:
2861:
2852:
2851:
2847:
2837:
2835:
2820:
2816:
2806:
2804:
2791:
2790:
2786:
2776:
2774:
2751:
2747:
2737:
2735:
2725:
2721:
2711:
2709:
2702:
2698:
2688:
2686:
2677:
2676:
2672:
2664:
2658:Current Science
2653:
2649:
2648:
2641:
2631:
2629:
2620:
2619:
2606:
2596:
2594:
2593:on 9 April 2018
2590:
2583:
2579:
2578:
2567:
2557:
2555:
2554:on 8 April 2017
2546:
2545:
2524:
2508:
2507:
2500:
2498:
2489:
2488:
2484:
2474:
2472:
2463:
2462:
2451:
2441:
2439:
2435:
2428:
2424:
2423:
2419:
2409:
2407:
2403:
2396:
2392:
2391:
2382:
2372:
2370:
2361:
2360:
2339:
2327:
2319:
2317:
2304:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2246:
2241:
2239:
2234:Rocketry portal
2232:
2227:
2225:
2218:
2213:
2211:
2208:
1967:
1963:
1950:
1944:
1902:
1895:
1886:
1878:low Earth orbit
1873:
1847:
1831:
1815:
1799:
1782:
1773:
1664:
1662:Payload fairing
1647:
1645:PS4 on RLV-OREX
1628:spin-stabilized
1570:
1564:
1537:silicon carbide
1507:
1494:
1471:
1455:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1389:
1379:
1375:
1326:
1302:
1294:
1261:
1260:(equivalent to
1250:
1249:
1239:low Earth orbit
1123:
1013:
965:
943:Propellant mass
888:
866:Propellant mass
835:
831:
800:
775:Propellant mass
726:
710:
686:Propellant mass
631:
627:
625:
621:
619:
607:
585:Propellant mass
563:
561:
518:
490:
449:
408:
399:24 January 2019
393:22 October 2008
287:
253:
235:
197:
142:
137:
101:
100:(equivalent to
90:
89:
87:
83:
82:(equivalent to
72:
71:
68:Cost per launch
37:
17:
12:
11:
5:
8897:
8887:
8886:
8881:
8876:
8871:
8854:
8853:
8851:
8850:
8845:
8840:
8835:
8829:
8826:
8825:
8823:
8822:
8817:
8812:
8806:
8800:
8798:
8794:
8793:
8791:
8790:
8785:
8780:
8775:
8773:AgniKul Cosmos
8770:
8765:
8760:
8755:
8749:
8747:
8743:
8742:
8740:
8739:
8733:
8731:
8727:
8726:
8724:
8723:
8718:
8713:
8708:
8703:
8697:
8695:
8694:Communications
8691:
8690:
8688:
8687:
8682:
8677:
8672:
8667:
8662:
8657:
8652:
8647:
8641:
8639:
8635:
8634:
8632:
8631:
8630:
8629:
8620:
8619:
8614:
8608:
8606:
8600:
8599:
8596:
8595:
8593:
8592:
8586:
8584:
8583:In development
8580:
8579:
8577:
8576:
8571:
8566:
8560:
8558:
8551:
8547:
8546:
8543:
8542:
8540:
8539:
8534:
8528:
8526:
8522:
8521:
8519:
8518:
8513:
8507:
8505:
8504:In development
8501:
8500:
8498:
8497:
8496:
8495:
8490:
8481:
8480:
8479:
8478:
8473:
8468:
8467:
8466:
8456:
8455:
8454:
8440:
8438:
8431:
8425:
8424:
8422:
8421:
8415:
8414:
8413:
8401:
8400:
8399:
8392:
8381:
8379:
8375:
8374:
8372:
8371:
8365:
8359:
8354:
8348:
8342:
8341:
8340:
8332:
8319:
8318:
8317:
8309:
8296:
8295:
8294:
8283:
8281:
8275:
8274:
8272:
8271:
8265:
8260:
8255:
8249:
8247:
8243:
8242:
8240:
8239:
8234:
8229:
8224:
8219:
8214:
8209:
8204:
8199:
8193:
8191:
8187:
8186:
8184:
8183:
8178:
8173:
8168:
8163:
8158:
8157:
8156:
8146:
8141:
8136:
8131:
8126:
8120:
8118:
8114:
8113:
8106:
8104:
8102:
8101:
8096:
8091:
8086:
8081:
8076:
8071:
8066:
8061:
8056:
8051:
8045:
8043:
8039:
8038:
8036:
8035:
8029:
8026:
8025:
8011:
8010:
8003:
7996:
7988:
7979:
7978:
7976:
7975:
7972:
7968:
7965:
7964:
7962:
7961:
7956:
7951:
7946:
7941:
7935:
7933:
7929:
7928:
7926:
7925:
7924:
7923:
7913:
7912:
7911:
7906:
7901:
7896:
7891:
7886:
7876:
7871:
7870:
7869:
7859:
7854:
7853:
7852:
7847:
7842:
7837:
7827:
7826:
7825:
7820:
7815:
7810:
7800:
7799:
7798:
7793:
7788:
7783:
7778:
7773:
7768:
7763:
7758:
7753:
7743:
7742:
7741:
7736:
7726:
7725:
7724:
7719:
7714:
7713:
7712:
7707:
7697:
7696:
7695:
7690:
7685:
7675:
7674:
7673:
7668:
7658:
7648:
7643:
7638:
7633:
7628:
7623:
7618:
7613:
7612:
7611:
7606:
7596:
7595:
7594:
7589:
7584:
7579:
7574:
7569:
7564:
7559:
7554:
7549:
7544:
7539:
7534:
7529:
7524:
7519:
7509:
7508:
7507:
7502:
7497:
7487:
7486:
7485:
7480:
7475:
7465:
7460:
7459:
7458:
7453:
7443:
7442:
7441:
7440:
7439:
7434:
7429:
7424:
7414:
7409:
7404:
7399:
7398:
7397:
7392:
7387:
7382:
7377:
7372:
7362:
7357:
7356:
7355:
7350:
7340:
7330:
7325:
7320:
7315:
7310:
7305:
7300:
7299:
7298:
7293:
7288:
7283:
7278:
7273:
7263:
7262:
7261:
7256:
7251:
7246:
7241:
7236:
7231:
7221:
7216:
7215:
7214:
7204:
7203:
7202:
7197:
7192:
7187:
7182:
7172:
7167:
7162:
7157:
7152:
7147:
7142:
7141:
7140:
7130:
7125:
7124:
7123:
7118:
7113:
7103:
7098:
7097:
7096:
7091:
7081:
7076:
7071:
7066:
7061:
7060:
7059:
7054:
7049:
7044:
7039:
7034:
7029:
7024:
7019:
7014:
7009:
7004:
6999:
6994:
6989:
6984:
6979:
6974:
6969:
6964:
6954:
6949:
6944:
6943:
6942:
6937:
6932:
6927:
6922:
6917:
6912:
6907:
6902:
6897:
6892:
6887:
6882:
6872:
6871:
6870:
6865:
6855:
6850:
6849:
6848:
6843:
6838:
6833:
6828:
6818:
6817:
6816:
6811:
6806:
6801:
6796:
6785:
6783:
6779:
6778:
6776:
6775:
6770:
6769:
6768:
6758:
6753:
6748:
6743:
6738:
6733:
6728:
6727:
6726:
6721:
6711:
6706:
6701:
6696:
6695:
6694:
6689:
6679:
6674:
6669:
6664:
6659:
6654:
6649:
6644:
6643:
6642:
6637:
6632:
6622:
6621:
6620:
6615:
6605:
6600:
6595:
6590:
6585:
6580:
6575:
6570:
6565:
6559:
6557:
6556:In development
6553:
6552:
6550:
6549:
6548:
6547:
6537:
6535:Vulcan Centaur
6532:
6531:
6530:
6520:
6515:
6510:
6505:
6500:
6499:
6498:
6493:
6488:
6478:
6477:
6476:
6466:
6461:
6456:
6451:
6446:
6441:
6436:
6431:
6426:
6421:
6416:
6415:
6414:
6409:
6404:
6399:
6389:
6384:
6383:
6382:
6377:
6372:
6367:
6362:
6357:
6352:
6347:
6342:
6337:
6332:
6327:
6322:
6317:
6312:
6307:
6302:
6292:
6291:
6290:
6285:
6280:
6270:
6265:
6260:
6255:
6254:
6253:
6248:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6223:
6218:
6213:
6208:
6203:
6198:
6193:
6188:
6187:
6186:
6181:
6171:
6166:
6161:
6160:
6159:
6154:
6143:
6141:
6137:
6136:
6134:
6133:
6128:
6122:
6119:
6118:
6111:
6110:
6103:
6096:
6088:
6079:
6078:
6076:
6075:
6072:
6066:
6063:
6062:
6060:
6059:
6043:
6031:
6023:
6011:
6003:
5991:
5989:, 14 Feb 2022)
5979:
5977:, 28 Feb 2021)
5967:
5965:, 17 Dec 2020)
5955:
5942:
5940:
5936:
5935:
5933:
5932:
5930:, 11 Dec 2019)
5920:
5918:, 27 Nov 2019)
5908:
5906:, 22 May 2019)
5896:
5884:
5882:, 24 Jan 2019)
5872:
5870:, 29 Nov 2018)
5860:
5852:
5850:, 11 Apr 2018)
5840:
5838:, 12 Jan 2018)
5828:
5816:
5808:
5800:
5796:Resourcesat-2A
5788:
5786:, 26 Sep 2016)
5776:
5768:
5766:, 28 Apr 2016)
5756:
5754:, 10 Mar 2016)
5744:
5742:, 20 Jan 2016)
5732:
5724:
5716:
5714:, 10 Jul 2015)
5704:
5702:, 28 Mar 2015)
5692:
5690:, 16 Oct 2014)
5680:
5672:
5660:
5648:
5636:
5628:
5620:
5612:
5604:
5596:
5588:
5579:
5577:
5573:
5572:
5570:
5569:
5561:
5553:
5545:
5537:
5529:
5521:
5513:
5501:
5499:, 17 Oct 2003)
5489:
5487:, 12 Sep 2002)
5477:
5468:
5466:
5462:
5461:
5454:
5452:
5450:
5449:
5441:
5433:
5425:
5417:
5408:
5406:
5402:
5401:
5394:
5393:
5386:
5379:
5371:
5365:
5364:
5359:
5345:
5344:External links
5342:
5340:
5339:
5313:
5287:
5251:
5225:
5199:
5173:
5140:
5116:
5088:
5062:
5023:
4996:
4970:
4952:
4933:"India's PSLV"
4919:
4913:978-9351776895
4912:
4891:
4856:
4827:
4796:
4771:
4743:
4718:
4685:
4660:
4627:
4582:
4552:
4528:
4497:
4473:
4456:"Exseed Sat-2"
4447:
4421:
4394:
4387:) – via
4371:
4341:
4302:
4275:
4244:
4220:
4190:
4159:
4127:
4103:
4071:
4039:
4006:
3976:
3952:
3925:(6): 925–931.
3905:
3874:(3): 168–174.
3854:
3828:
3793:
3750:
3720:
3697:
3671:
3653:. April 1990.
3639:
3633:978-0070531543
3632:
3614:
3571:
3536:
3506:
3473:
3442:
3416:
3386:
3355:
3316:
3292:
3266:
3240:
3210:
3184:
3158:
3119:
3089:
3075:
3065:978-0670899500
3064:
3046:
3040:978-9351776895
3039:
3018:
3012:978-8173717642
3011:
2990:
2964:
2950:
2936:
2902:
2871:
2845:
2814:
2784:
2745:
2719:
2696:
2670:
2639:
2604:
2565:
2522:
2482:
2449:
2417:
2380:
2337:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2237:
2223:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2184:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2167:
2166:
2163:
2160:
2157:
2154:
2150:
2149:
2146:
2143:
2140:
2137:
2133:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2116:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2088:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2071:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2054:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2037:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2020:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2003:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1986:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1962:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1946:Main article:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1929:
1925:
1922:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1899:
1885:
1884:Launch profile
1882:
1872:
1869:
1846:
1843:
1830:
1827:
1814:
1811:
1798:
1795:
1781:
1778:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1749:
1748:
1747:Engine Gimbal
1745:
1742:
1741:Engine Gimbal
1739:
1736:
1732:
1731:
1730:Engine Gimbal
1728:
1725:
1724:Engine Gimbal
1722:
1719:
1715:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1663:
1660:
1646:
1643:
1566:Main article:
1563:
1560:
1505:
1493:
1490:
1469:
1454:
1451:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1388:
1385:
1377:
1373:
1329:maraging steel
1324:
1301:
1298:
1293:
1290:
1224:Andhra Pradesh
1122:
1119:
1015:
1014:
1007:
1004:
1003:
1000:
999:
990:
986:
985:
982:
978:
977:
974:
968:
967:
963:
960:
959:Maximum thrust
956:
955:
952:
948:
947:
944:
940:
939:
936:
932:
931:
928:
924:
923:
919:
918:
913:
909:
908:
905:
901:
900:
897:
891:
890:
886:
883:
882:Maximum thrust
879:
878:
875:
871:
870:
867:
863:
862:
859:
855:
854:
851:
847:
846:
842:
841:
833:
829:
825:
821:
820:
817:
813:
812:
809:
803:
802:
798:
795:
794:Maximum thrust
791:
790:
784:
780:
779:
776:
772:
771:
768:
764:
763:
760:
756:
755:
751:
750:
745:
741:
740:
737:
733:
732:
719:
713:
712:
708:
705:
704:Maximum thrust
701:
700:
695:
691:
690:
687:
683:
682:
679:
675:
674:
671:
667:
666:
662:
661:
656:
652:
651:
648:
644:
643:
640:
634:
633:
629:
623:
617:
614:
610:
609:
605:
602:
601:Maximum thrust
598:
597:
594:
590:
589:
586:
582:
581:
578:
574:
573:
570:
566:
565:
558:
554:
553:
549:
548:
543:
539:
538:
535:
531:
530:
527:
521:
520:
516:
513:
512:Maximum thrust
509:
508:
505:
501:
500:
496:
495:
492:
491:
489:
488:
483:
478:
473:
468:
463:
457:
455:
451:
450:
448:
447:
441:
440:1 January 2024
435:
429:
423:
416:
414:
410:
409:
407:
406:
400:
394:
388:
382:
375:
373:
369:
368:
365:
361:
360:
357:
353:
352:
349:
345:
344:
339:
338:Total launches
335:
334:
329:
325:
324:
321:
317:
316:
315:Launch history
312:
311:
302:
298:
297:
293:
292:
289:
288:
286:
285:
279:
272:
270:
266:
265:
258:
257:
250:
246:
245:
237:
236:
234:
233:
227:
221:
214:
212:
208:
207:
199:
198:
196:
195:
189:
183:
176:
174:
170:
169:
161:
160:
156:
155:
152:
148:
147:
131:
127:
126:
123:
119:
118:
115:
111:
110:
106:
105:
69:
65:
64:
61:
57:
56:
53:
49:
48:
43:
39:
38:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8896:
8885:
8882:
8880:
8877:
8875:
8872:
8870:
8867:
8866:
8864:
8849:
8846:
8844:
8841:
8839:
8836:
8834:
8831:
8830:
8827:
8821:
8818:
8816:
8813:
8810:
8807:
8805:
8802:
8801:
8799:
8795:
8789:
8786:
8784:
8781:
8779:
8776:
8774:
8771:
8769:
8766:
8764:
8761:
8759:
8756:
8754:
8751:
8750:
8748:
8744:
8738:
8735:
8734:
8732:
8728:
8722:
8719:
8717:
8714:
8712:
8709:
8707:
8704:
8702:
8699:
8698:
8696:
8692:
8686:
8683:
8681:
8678:
8676:
8673:
8671:
8668:
8666:
8663:
8661:
8658:
8656:
8653:
8651:
8648:
8646:
8643:
8642:
8640:
8636:
8628:
8625:
8624:
8622:
8621:
8618:
8615:
8613:
8610:
8609:
8607:
8605:
8601:
8591:
8588:
8587:
8585:
8581:
8575:
8572:
8570:
8567:
8565:
8562:
8561:
8559:
8555:
8552:
8548:
8538:
8535:
8533:
8530:
8529:
8527:
8523:
8517:
8514:
8512:
8509:
8508:
8506:
8502:
8494:
8491:
8489:
8486:
8485:
8483:
8482:
8477:
8474:
8472:
8469:
8465:
8462:
8461:
8460:
8457:
8453:
8450:
8449:
8448:
8445:
8444:
8442:
8441:
8439:
8435:
8432:
8430:
8426:
8419:
8416:
8412:
8409:
8408:
8407:
8406:
8402:
8398:
8397:
8393:
8391:
8388:
8387:
8386:
8383:
8382:
8380:
8376:
8369:
8366:
8363:
8360:
8358:
8355:
8352:
8349:
8346:
8345:Chandrayaan-4
8343:
8339:
8337:
8333:
8331:
8329:
8325:
8324:
8323:
8322:Chandrayaan-3
8320:
8316:
8314:
8310:
8308:
8306:
8302:
8301:
8300:
8299:Chandrayaan-2
8297:
8293:
8290:
8289:
8288:
8287:Chandrayaan-1
8285:
8284:
8282:
8276:
8269:
8266:
8264:
8261:
8259:
8256:
8254:
8251:
8250:
8248:
8244:
8238:
8235:
8233:
8230:
8228:
8225:
8223:
8220:
8218:
8215:
8213:
8210:
8208:
8205:
8203:
8200:
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8195:
8194:
8192:
8188:
8182:
8179:
8177:
8174:
8172:
8169:
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8164:
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8159:
8155:
8152:
8151:
8150:
8147:
8145:
8142:
8140:
8137:
8135:
8132:
8130:
8127:
8125:
8122:
8121:
8119:
8115:
8110:
8100:
8097:
8095:
8092:
8090:
8087:
8085:
8082:
8080:
8077:
8075:
8072:
8070:
8067:
8065:
8062:
8060:
8057:
8055:
8052:
8050:
8047:
8046:
8044:
8042:Organisations
8040:
8034:
8031:
8030:
8027:
8023:
8018:
8009:
8004:
8002:
7997:
7995:
7990:
7989:
7986:
7973:
7970:
7969:
7966:
7960:
7957:
7955:
7952:
7950:
7947:
7945:
7942:
7940:
7937:
7936:
7934:
7930:
7922:
7919:
7918:
7917:
7914:
7910:
7907:
7905:
7902:
7900:
7897:
7895:
7892:
7890:
7887:
7885:
7882:
7881:
7880:
7877:
7875:
7872:
7868:
7865:
7864:
7863:
7860:
7858:
7855:
7851:
7848:
7846:
7843:
7841:
7838:
7836:
7835:UR-500 Proton
7833:
7832:
7831:
7828:
7824:
7821:
7819:
7816:
7814:
7811:
7809:
7806:
7805:
7804:
7801:
7797:
7794:
7792:
7789:
7787:
7784:
7782:
7779:
7777:
7774:
7772:
7769:
7767:
7764:
7762:
7759:
7757:
7754:
7752:
7749:
7748:
7747:
7744:
7740:
7737:
7735:
7732:
7731:
7730:
7727:
7723:
7720:
7718:
7715:
7711:
7708:
7706:
7703:
7702:
7701:
7698:
7694:
7691:
7689:
7686:
7684:
7681:
7680:
7679:
7676:
7672:
7669:
7667:
7664:
7663:
7662:
7659:
7657:
7654:
7653:
7652:
7649:
7647:
7644:
7642:
7639:
7637:
7634:
7632:
7629:
7627:
7624:
7622:
7621:Space Shuttle
7619:
7617:
7614:
7610:
7607:
7605:
7602:
7601:
7600:
7597:
7593:
7590:
7588:
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7580:
7578:
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7568:
7565:
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7560:
7558:
7555:
7553:
7550:
7548:
7545:
7543:
7540:
7538:
7535:
7533:
7530:
7528:
7525:
7523:
7522:Blue Scout II
7520:
7518:
7515:
7514:
7513:
7510:
7506:
7503:
7501:
7498:
7496:
7493:
7492:
7491:
7488:
7484:
7481:
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7476:
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7470:
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7457:
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7410:
7408:
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7396:
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7388:
7386:
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7381:
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7371:
7368:
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7354:
7351:
7349:
7346:
7345:
7344:
7341:
7339:
7336:
7335:
7334:
7331:
7329:
7326:
7324:
7321:
7319:
7316:
7314:
7311:
7309:
7306:
7304:
7301:
7297:
7294:
7292:
7289:
7287:
7284:
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7274:
7272:
7269:
7268:
7267:
7264:
7260:
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7255:
7252:
7250:
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6988:
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6888:
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6851:
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6807:
6805:
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6780:
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6759:
6757:
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6752:
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6717:
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6712:
6710:
6707:
6705:
6702:
6700:
6697:
6693:
6690:
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6684:
6683:
6680:
6678:
6675:
6673:
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6668:
6665:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6655:
6653:
6650:
6648:
6645:
6641:
6638:
6636:
6633:
6631:
6628:
6627:
6626:
6623:
6619:
6616:
6614:
6611:
6610:
6609:
6606:
6604:
6601:
6599:
6596:
6594:
6591:
6589:
6586:
6584:
6581:
6579:
6576:
6574:
6571:
6569:
6566:
6564:
6561:
6560:
6558:
6554:
6546:
6543:
6542:
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6538:
6536:
6533:
6529:
6526:
6525:
6524:
6521:
6519:
6516:
6514:
6511:
6509:
6506:
6504:
6501:
6497:
6494:
6492:
6489:
6487:
6484:
6483:
6482:
6479:
6475:
6472:
6471:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6455:
6452:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6432:
6430:
6427:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6417:
6413:
6410:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6394:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6381:
6378:
6376:
6373:
6371:
6368:
6366:
6363:
6361:
6358:
6356:
6353:
6351:
6348:
6346:
6343:
6341:
6338:
6336:
6333:
6331:
6328:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6311:
6308:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6297:
6296:
6293:
6289:
6286:
6284:
6281:
6279:
6276:
6275:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6266:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6243:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6211:Firefly Alpha
6209:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6189:
6185:
6182:
6180:
6177:
6176:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6162:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6149:
6148:
6145:
6144:
6142:
6138:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6123:
6120:
6116:
6109:
6104:
6102:
6097:
6095:
6090:
6089:
6086:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6067:
6064:
6056:
6052:
6047:
6044:
6041:, 2 Sep 2023)
6040:
6035:
6032:
6027:
6024:
6020:
6015:
6012:
6007:
6004:
6000:
5995:
5992:
5988:
5983:
5980:
5976:
5971:
5968:
5964:
5959:
5956:
5953:, 7 Nov 2020)
5952:
5947:
5944:
5943:
5941:
5937:
5929:
5924:
5921:
5917:
5912:
5909:
5905:
5900:
5897:
5894:, 1 Apr 2019)
5893:
5888:
5885:
5881:
5876:
5873:
5869:
5864:
5861:
5858:(16 Sep 2018)
5856:
5853:
5849:
5844:
5841:
5837:
5832:
5829:
5825:
5820:
5817:
5814:(23 Jun 2017)
5812:
5809:
5806:(15 Feb 2017)
5804:
5801:
5798:, 7 Dec 2016)
5797:
5792:
5789:
5785:
5780:
5777:
5774:(22 Jun 2016)
5772:
5769:
5765:
5760:
5757:
5753:
5748:
5745:
5741:
5736:
5733:
5730:(16 Dec 2015)
5728:
5725:
5722:(28 Sep 2015)
5720:
5717:
5713:
5708:
5705:
5701:
5696:
5693:
5689:
5684:
5681:
5678:(30 Jun 2014)
5676:
5673:
5670:, 4 Apr 2014)
5669:
5664:
5661:
5658:, 5 Nov 2013)
5657:
5652:
5649:
5646:, 1 Jul 2013)
5645:
5640:
5637:
5634:(25 Feb 2013)
5632:
5629:
5624:
5621:
5618:(26 Apr 2012)
5616:
5613:
5610:(12 Oct 2011)
5608:
5605:
5602:(15 Jul 2011)
5600:
5597:
5594:(20 Apr 2011)
5592:
5589:
5586:(12 Jul 2010)
5584:
5581:
5580:
5578:
5574:
5567:(23 Sep 2009)
5565:
5562:
5559:(20 Apr 2009)
5557:
5554:
5551:(22 Oct 2008)
5549:
5546:
5543:(28 Apr 2008)
5541:
5538:
5535:(21 Jan 2008)
5533:
5530:
5527:(23 Apr 2007)
5525:
5522:
5519:(10 Jan 2007)
5517:
5514:
5511:, 5 May 2005)
5510:
5505:
5502:
5498:
5497:Resourcesat-1
5493:
5490:
5486:
5481:
5478:
5475:(22 Oct 2001)
5473:
5470:
5469:
5467:
5463:
5458:
5447:(26 May 1999)
5445:
5442:
5439:(29 Sep 1997)
5437:
5434:
5431:(21 Mar 1996)
5429:
5426:
5423:(15 Oct 1994)
5421:
5418:
5413:
5410:
5409:
5407:
5403:
5399:
5392:
5387:
5385:
5380:
5378:
5373:
5372:
5369:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5354:
5351:
5348:
5347:
5327:
5323:
5317:
5301:
5297:
5291:
5272:
5268:
5261:
5255:
5239:
5235:
5229:
5213:
5209:
5203:
5187:
5183:
5177:
5158:
5151:
5144:
5133:
5126:
5120:
5109:
5105:
5104:www.ias.ac.in
5098:
5092:
5076:
5072:
5066:
5050:
5046:
5042:
5038:
5034:
5027:
5011:
5007:
5004:Rajwi, Tiki.
5000:
4984:
4980:
4974:
4968:
4964:
4961:
4956:
4945:
4941:
4934:
4928:
4926:
4924:
4915:
4909:
4905:
4898:
4896:
4888:
4873:
4866:
4860:
4853:
4841:
4837:
4831:
4815:
4811:
4807:
4800:
4789:
4782:
4775:
4759:
4755:
4754:
4747:
4736:
4729:
4722:
4703:
4696:
4689:
4674:
4670:
4664:
4649:
4645:
4641:
4637:
4631:
4623:
4617:
4601:
4597:
4593:
4586:
4570:
4567:(in Telugu).
4566:
4562:
4556:
4545:
4538:
4532:
4516:
4512:
4508:
4501:
4490:
4483:
4477:
4461:
4458:. Satellize.
4457:
4451:
4435:
4431:
4425:
4409:
4405:
4398:
4390:
4386:
4382:
4375:
4359:
4355:
4351:
4345:
4329:
4325:
4321:
4317:
4313:
4306:
4290:
4286:
4279:
4263:
4259:
4255:
4248:
4237:
4230:
4224:
4208:
4204:
4200:
4194:
4178:
4174:
4170:
4163:
4144:
4137:
4131:
4120:
4113:
4107:
4088:
4081:
4075:
4056:
4049:
4043:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4016:
4010:
3994:
3990:
3986:
3980:
3969:
3962:
3956:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3936:
3932:
3928:
3924:
3920:
3916:
3909:
3893:
3889:
3885:
3881:
3877:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3858:
3843:on 3 May 2016
3842:
3838:
3832:
3825:
3810:
3803:
3797:
3789:
3783:
3767:
3761:
3759:
3757:
3755:
3738:
3734:
3730:
3724:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3707:Iaf Abstracts
3701:
3685:
3681:
3675:
3656:
3649:
3643:
3635:
3629:
3625:
3618:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3575:
3556:
3549:
3543:
3541:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3510:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3480:
3478:
3461:
3457:
3453:
3446:
3430:
3426:
3420:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3390:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3359:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3320:
3309:
3302:
3296:
3280:
3276:
3270:
3254:
3250:
3244:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3214:
3198:
3194:
3188:
3172:
3168:
3162:
3143:
3136:
3130:
3128:
3126:
3124:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3098:"PSLV - ISRO"
3093:
3085:
3079:
3072:
3067:
3061:
3057:
3050:
3042:
3036:
3032:
3025:
3023:
3014:
3008:
3004:
2997:
2995:
2978:
2974:
2968:
2960:
2954:
2946:
2940:
2924:
2920:
2913:
2906:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2875:
2859:
2855:
2849:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2818:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2788:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2749:
2734:
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1966: Retired
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1898:kN of thrust.
1893:
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1823:Chandrayaan-1
1819:
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1541:carbon–carbon
1538:
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1533:niobium alloy
1529:
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1482:thrust vector
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1083:Solar mission
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1063:Chandrayaan-1
1060:
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387:23 April 2007
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19:
8778:Dhruva Space
8446:
8403:
8394:
8335:
8327:
8312:
8304:
7729:Thorad-Agena
7402:Soyuz/Vostok
6438:
6206:Falcon Heavy
5626:(9 Sep 2012)
5397:
5330:. Retrieved
5316:
5304:. Retrieved
5299:
5290:
5278:. Retrieved
5271:the original
5266:
5254:
5242:. Retrieved
5228:
5216:. Retrieved
5202:
5190:. Retrieved
5176:
5164:. Retrieved
5143:
5132:the original
5119:
5108:the original
5103:
5091:
5079:. Retrieved
5065:
5053:. Retrieved
5036:
5026:
5014:. Retrieved
4999:
4987:. Retrieved
4973:
4955:
4944:the original
4939:
4903:
4886:
4881:15 September
4879:. Retrieved
4872:the original
4859:
4851:
4846:15 September
4844:. Retrieved
4830:
4818:. Retrieved
4809:
4799:
4774:
4762:. Retrieved
4752:
4746:
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4709:. Retrieved
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4639:
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4595:
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4564:
4555:
4544:the original
4531:
4519:. Retrieved
4510:
4500:
4476:
4464:. Retrieved
4450:
4438:. Retrieved
4424:
4412:. Retrieved
4397:
4374:
4362:. Retrieved
4358:the original
4353:
4344:
4332:. Retrieved
4315:
4305:
4293:. Retrieved
4278:
4266:. Retrieved
4257:
4247:
4223:
4211:. Retrieved
4202:
4193:
4181:. Retrieved
4172:
4162:
4150:. Retrieved
4143:the original
4130:
4106:
4094:. Retrieved
4087:the original
4074:
4062:. Retrieved
4055:the original
4042:
4030:. Retrieved
4018:
4009:
3997:. Retrieved
3993:the original
3988:
3979:
3955:
3922:
3918:
3908:
3896:. Retrieved
3871:
3867:
3857:
3845:. Retrieved
3841:the original
3831:
3823:
3816:. Retrieved
3809:the original
3796:
3772:27 September
3770:. Retrieved
3741:. Retrieved
3732:
3723:
3706:
3700:
3688:. Retrieved
3674:
3662:. Retrieved
3642:
3623:
3617:
3605:. Retrieved
3588:
3584:
3574:
3562:. Retrieved
3555:the original
3527:. Retrieved
3518:
3509:
3497:. Retrieved
3488:
3464:. Retrieved
3455:
3445:
3433:. Retrieved
3419:
3407:. Retrieved
3398:
3389:
3377:. Retrieved
3368:
3358:
3346:. Retrieved
3329:
3319:
3308:the original
3295:
3283:. Retrieved
3269:
3257:. Retrieved
3243:
3231:. Retrieved
3222:
3213:
3201:. Retrieved
3187:
3175:. Retrieved
3161:
3149:. Retrieved
3110:. Retrieved
3101:
3092:
3083:
3078:
3069:
3055:
3049:
3030:
3002:
2981:. Retrieved
2967:
2958:
2953:
2944:
2939:
2927:. Retrieved
2922:
2918:
2905:
2893:. Retrieved
2884:
2874:
2862:. Retrieved
2848:
2836:. Retrieved
2827:
2817:
2805:. Retrieved
2796:
2787:
2775:. Retrieved
2758:
2748:
2736:. Retrieved
2732:
2722:
2710:. Retrieved
2708:. Space News
2699:
2687:. Retrieved
2683:the original
2673:
2662:the original
2657:
2630:. Retrieved
2626:the original
2595:. Retrieved
2588:the original
2556:. Retrieved
2552:the original
2499:. Retrieved
2494:
2485:
2473:. Retrieved
2469:the original
2440:. Retrieved
2433:the original
2420:
2408:. Retrieved
2401:the original
2371:. Retrieved
2318:. Retrieved
2309:
2300:
2220:India portal
1951:
1938:
1932:
1919:Vikas Engine
1888:
1887:
1874:
1860:
1859:
1833:
1832:
1817:
1816:
1802:
1800:
1785:
1783:
1774:
1744:Nozzle Flex
1727:Nozzle Flex
1681:
1648:
1632:
1605:
1594:
1583:
1571:
1549:
1530:
1522:space debris
1519:
1515:
1495:
1467:
1440:
1436:
1404:Vikas engine
1401:
1397:Vikas engine
1382:
1367:
1333:
1314:
1295:
1266:
1247:
1236:
1228:
1210:. The solid
1177:
1148:
1135:S Srinivasan
1132:
1116:
1091:
1056:
1024:
1020:
1018:
922:Fourth stage
754:Second stage
613:Total thrust
557:No. boosters
504:No. boosters
443:
437:
431:
428:30 July 2023
425:
419:
405:1 April 2019
402:
396:
390:
384:
378:
372:First flight
328:Launch sites
281:
275:
254:
229:
223:
217:
191:
185:
179:
143:
138:
133:
52:Manufacturer
18:
8763:Sisir Radar
8484:Suborbital
8176:Chandrayaan
7219:LauncherOne
7170:Kaituozhe-1
6947:Black Arrow
6699:Orbex Prime
6598:Hyperbola-2
6563:Antares 330
6263:Kaituozhe 2
6236:Hyperbola-1
5836:Cartosat-2F
5332:29 November
5306:20 February
5300:vikatan.com
5280:15 February
5244:15 February
5218:15 February
5166:22 November
4711:19 December
4673:www.msn.com
4606:9 September
4466:23 February
4440:23 February
4414:23 February
4354:isro.gov.in
4334:23 February
4295:23 February
4268:23 February
4183:23 February
4152:23 February
4096:23 February
4064:23 February
3898:26 December
3847:16 December
3564:23 February
3529:22 February
3519:isro.gov.in
3499:22 February
3489:isro.gov.in
3466:9 September
3409:9 September
3379:9 September
3348:9 September
3233:12 November
3203:12 November
3177:12 November
3151:20 December
2983:30 December
2895:19 December
2864:19 December
2807:15 February
2777:15 February
2738:11 December
2632:20 February
2501:17 December
2442:27 February
2373:21 December
2105:Successful
1693:pyrotechnic
1612:solar cells
1220:Sriharikota
1121:Development
845:Third stage
665:First stage
413:Last flight
348:Success(es)
261:Payload to
240:Payload to
202:Payload to
164:Payload to
8863:Categories
8604:Spaceports
8420:(proposed)
8370:(proposed)
8364:(proposed)
8353:(proposed)
8347:(upcoming)
8270:(proposed)
8268:AstroSat-2
8190:Satellites
8117:Programmes
7224:Long March
7128:Feng Bao 1
6741:Tianlong-3
6667:New Line 1
6625:Long March
6573:Cyclone-4M
6513:Tianlong-2
6491:2.1b / STB
6486:2.1a / STA
6429:Pegasus XL
6295:Long March
6268:Kinetica 1
6191:Chollima-1
5975:Amazônia-1
5928:RISAT-2BR1
5916:Cartosat-3
5880:Microsat-R
5302:(in Tamil)
5055:12 January
5016:11 January
3690:16 October
3435:26 October
3193:"PSLV (1)"
3058:. Viking.
2838:24 January
2475:27 January
2293:References
1978:Successes
1889:PSLV - XL:
1655:spaceplane
1552:3D printed
1526:passivated
1500:(MMH) and
1271:issued an
1218:(SHAR) at
1198:(LPSC) at
1186:(IISU) at
1155:Bhaskara-1
1044:satellites
1029:expendable
989:Propellant
951:Powered by
912:Propellant
874:Powered by
824:Propellant
783:Powered by
744:Propellant
694:Powered by
655:Propellant
593:Powered by
542:Propellant
356:Failure(s)
301:Comparable
8788:TeamIndus
8768:Satellize
8405:Gaganyaan
8278:Lunar and
8258:Aditya-L1
8237:Kalpana-1
8202:Aryabhata
7323:Paektusan
6952:Conestoga
6709:Red Dwarf
6662:New Glenn
6593:Gravity-2
6583:Epsilon S
6216:Gravity-1
6039:Aditya-L1
5784:SCATSAT-1
5192:2 January
5045:0971-751X
5037:The Hindu
4810:The Hindu
4764:8 January
4648:0971-8257
4596:NEWS9LIVE
4324:0971-751X
4316:The Hindu
4027:0971-8257
3947:110656798
3939:0954-4100
3733:Frontline
3485:"PSLV-C1"
3338:0971-751X
3330:The Hindu
2767:0362-4331
1981:Failures
1975:Launches
1676:Bengaluru
1624:Satellize
1578:Rubin 9.2
1574:Rubin 9.1
1478:polyamide
1355:aluminium
1349:into the
1200:Valiamala
1094:rideshare
1087:Aditya-L1
981:Burn time
954:2 x L-2-5
904:Burn time
816:Burn time
736:Burn time
723:sea level
647:Burn time
534:Burn time
486:Aditya-L1
255:(PSLV-XL)
159:Capacity
8809:SAGA-220
8464:Launches
8452:Launches
8443:Orbital
8253:Astrosat
8154:Cartosat
8124:Bhaskara
7867:original
7857:Vanguard
7840:Proton-K
7813:original
7661:Ablestar
7646:Terran 1
7604:original
7463:Rocket 3
7370:original
7180:original
7106:Falcon 9
7101:Falcon 1
7057:IV Heavy
6773:Zuljanah
6736:Terran R
6719:Block 1B
6704:Pallas-1
6608:Kuaizhou
6568:Bloostar
6508:Starship
6459:Shavit 2
6444:Qaem 100
6434:Proton-M
6392:Minotaur
6273:Kuaizhou
6196:Electron
6164:Ariane 6
6046:PSLV-C58
6034:PSLV-C57
6026:PSLV-C56
6014:PSLV-C55
6006:PSLV-C54
5994:PSLV-C53
5982:PSLV-C52
5970:PSLV-C51
5958:PSLV-C50
5946:PSLV-C49
5923:PSLV-C48
5911:PSLV-C47
5904:RISAT-2B
5899:PSLV-C46
5887:PSLV-C45
5875:PSLV-C44
5863:PSLV-C43
5855:PSLV-C42
5848:IRNSS-1I
5843:PSLV-C41
5831:PSLV-C40
5824:IRNSS-1H
5819:PSLV-C39
5811:PSLV-C38
5803:PSLV-C37
5791:PSLV-C36
5779:PSLV-C35
5771:PSLV-C34
5764:IRNSS-1G
5759:PSLV-C33
5752:IRNSS-1F
5747:PSLV-C32
5740:IRNSS-1E
5735:PSLV-C31
5727:PSLV-C29
5719:PSLV-C30
5707:PSLV-C28
5700:IRNSS-1D
5695:PSLV-C27
5688:IRNSS-1C
5683:PSLV-C26
5675:PSLV-C23
5668:IRNSS-1B
5663:PSLV-C24
5651:PSLV-C25
5644:IRNSS-1A
5639:PSLV-C22
5631:PSLV-C20
5623:PSLV-C21
5615:PSLV-C19
5607:PSLV-C18
5599:PSLV-C17
5591:PSLV-C16
5583:PSLV-C15
5564:PSLV-C14
5556:PSLV-C12
5548:PSLV-C11
5532:PSLV-C10
5353:Archived
5326:Archived
5238:Archived
5212:Archived
5186:Archived
5157:Archived
5081:23 March
5075:Archived
5073:. ISRO.
5049:Archived
5010:Archived
4989:27 April
4983:Archived
4981:. ISRO.
4963:Archived
4840:Archived
4814:Archived
4788:Archived
4758:Archived
4735:Archived
4702:Archived
4616:cite web
4600:Archived
4569:Archived
4515:Archived
4489:Archived
4460:Archived
4434:Archived
4408:Archived
4328:Archived
4289:Archived
4262:Archived
4236:Archived
4207:Archived
4177:Archived
4119:Archived
3999:21 April
3968:Archived
3892:Archived
3782:cite web
3737:Archived
3684:Archived
3655:Archived
3601:Archived
3523:Archived
3493:Archived
3460:Archived
3429:Archived
3403:Archived
3373:Archived
3342:Archived
3279:Archived
3253:Archived
3227:Archived
3197:Archived
3171:Archived
3142:Archived
3106:Archived
2977:Archived
2889:Archived
2858:Archived
2832:Archived
2801:Archived
2771:Archived
2511:cite web
2367:Archived
2314:Archived
2206:See also
2111:Failure
2057:PSLV-QL
2040:PSLV-DL
1972:Variant
1865:PSLV-C45
1856:lift off
1854:PSLV-C45
1838:PSLV-C44
1791:PSLV-C35
1771:Variants
1764:PS4 RCS
1761:PS4 RCS
1713:Stage 4
1710:Stage 3
1707:Stage 2
1704:Stage 1
1635:PSLV-C53
1608:PSLV-C45
1596:PSLV-C44
1590:PSLV-C38
1586:PSLV-C37
1463:PSLV-C45
1443:toroidal
1432:gimbaled
1359:nitrogen
1309:PSLV-C44
1112:Falcon 9
1103:PSLV-C37
1079:Astrosat
1027:) is an
935:Diameter
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4025:
3945:
3937:
3630:
3336:
3285:8 June
3219:"PSLV"
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3037:
3009:
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2765:
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2170:2020s
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1928:orbit.
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1896:
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1510:Helium
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