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Chemistry has existed under various names since ancient times. It has evolved, and now chemistry encompasses various areas of specialisation, or subdisciplines, that continue to increase in number and interrelate to create further interdisciplinary fields of study. The applications of various fields
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Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04).
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medications, as well as many prescription analgesics. It is considered safe for human use in recommended doses, but because of its wide availability, deliberate or accidental
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Clear text and comprehensive coverage of general chemistry topics by Fred Senese, Dept. of Chemistry Frostburg State University
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A large listing of chemistry resources maintained by Steven Murov, Emeritus Chemistry Professor Modesto Junior College.
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MathMol (Mathematics and Molecules) is a good starting point for those interested in the field of molecular modeling.
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is a collection of links and references that are useful for chemistry-related works. This includes free online
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scientific disciplines at a fundamental level. For example, chemistry explains aspects of plant growth (
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analgesics to be used, thereby minimizing overall side-effects. It is a major ingredient in numerous
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A directory of free full-text journals in chemistry, biochemistry and related subjects.
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and their isotopes, primarily within the solar system. Urey, along with his student
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In the scope of its subject, chemistry occupies an intermediate position between
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has quite recently developed along a path somewhat different from the general
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of chemistry are used frequently for economic purposes in the
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Video clips (and descriptions) of lecture demonstrations.
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is the scientific study of the properties and behavior of
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because it provides a foundation for understanding both
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Chemistry also addresses the nature of 5783: 5748: 5133: 4801: 4556: 1300: 860: 374: 5834: 5575: 5562: 5407:shows natural occurrence of the element 5339: 5299: 5279: 4676: 4596: 4576: 1144: 303: 58:update the maintenance information here 6060: 4959: 4913: 4847: 4696: 4536: 4476: 4416: 3670: 3647: 3008: 626: 578:Many chemists have an interest in the 5259: 5219: 5199: 5179: 5051: 4824: 4755: 4716: 4656: 4636: 3874: 3736: 3690: 3601: 3553: 3408: 3247: 3107: 2962: 2937: 2744: 1479: 766: 355:non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 5359: 5090: 4890: 4867: 4616: 4369: 4322: 4302: 4233: 4164: 4072: 4049: 4003: 3851: 3530: 3454: 3224: 3201: 3178: 3155: 3054: 2861: 2815: 2666: 2413: 641:Knowledge:WikiProject Chemicals/Data 16: 5319: 5156: 5110: 5028: 4982: 4936: 4516: 4496: 4456: 4279: 4210: 4141: 4095: 4026: 3950: 3782: 3713: 3624: 3578: 3500: 3477: 3431: 3385: 3130: 2985: 2721: 2437: 565:History and Philosophy of Chemistry 313: 235:), the formation of igneous rocks ( 13: 6035: 6017: 5999: 5981: 5963: 5945: 5927: 5909: 5891: 5873: 5855: 5837: 5755:Meija, Juris; et al. (2016). 5718: 5698: 5678: 5658: 5638: 5618: 5598: 5578: 5479: 5239: 5005: 4778: 4389: 4118: 3973: 3897: 3805: 3759: 3339: 3316: 3293: 3031: 2914: 2838: 2792: 2691: 1305: 1149: 973: 893: 717: 631: 569: 414: 52:when editing, especially if using 14: 6094: 4342: 3920: 3077: 2769: 2456: 711: 5548: 5536: 5524: 5512: 5500: 5488: 5081: 4746: 4407: 4256: 4187: 3994: 3362: 3270: 2884: 2436: 2424: 2412: 2401: 2400: 823:, which shows that a mixture of 795:, specifically the discovery of 772: 402: 319: 20: 3828: 1429: 803:isotope, and the production of 345:that is used for the relief of 149: 678:Chemistry Webercises Directory 1: 1765:Interface and colloid science 1519:Glossary of chemical formulae 598:Superseded chemistry theories 44:by an editor, and are needed. 867:More selected biographies... 783:(1893-1981) was an American 7: 2042:Bioorganometallic chemistry 1529:List of inorganic compounds 1314:Types of chemical industry: 889:Techniques used by chemists 703:Show chemistry resources... 255:evidence at a crime scene ( 10: 6099: 5797:Pure and Applied Chemistry 5762:Pure and Applied Chemistry 5740: 5613:Free textbooks and manuals 5440:of the most stable isotope 4735: 2957: 2764: 2686: 1968:Dynamic covalent chemistry 1939:Enantioselective synthesis 1919:Physical organic chemistry 1872:Organolanthanide chemistry 1019:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 969:Equipment used by chemists 54:automated editing software 29:Portal maintenance status: 5826:Discover Knowledge using 5078: 2396: 2299: 2060: 1976: 1897: 1847: 1723: 1666: 1557:Electroanalytical methods 1542: 1514: 1470: 381:More selected articles... 247:), how medications work ( 219:. It is sometimes called 6083:Physical science portals 5733:Dictionary and thesaurus 5673:Collection of quotations 2312:Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2228:Supramolecular chemistry 1867:Organometallic chemistry 1325:Organometallic chemistry 1154:A model of a helium atom 789:Nobel Prize in Chemistry 666:General Chemistry Online 546:Supramolecular chemistry 518:Organometallic chemistry 176:that make up matter and 2640:Chal­co­gens 2250:Combinatorial chemistry 2161:Food physical chemistry 2124:Environmental chemistry 2008:Bioorthogonal chemistry 1934:Retrosynthetic analysis 1755:Chemical thermodynamics 1738:Spectroelectrochemistry 1681:Computational chemistry 843:, can interact to form 584:philosophy of chemistry 555:Computational chemistry 451:Environmental chemistry 6040: 6022: 6004: 5986: 5968: 5950: 5932: 5914: 5896: 5878: 5860: 5842: 5723: 5703: 5683: 5663: 5643: 5623: 5603: 5583: 5415:Standard atomic weight 2606:Alkaline earth metals 2322:of element discoveries 2168:Agricultural chemistry 2156:Carbohydrate chemistry 2047:Bioinorganic chemistry 1912:Alkane stereochemistry 1857:Coordination chemistry 1686:Mathematical chemistry 1552:Instrumental chemistry 1310: 1231:Hormonal contraception 1155: 979: 899: 821:Miller-Urey experiment 757:More selected pictures 723: 636: 575: 419: 251:), and how to collect 6039: 6021: 6003: 5985: 5967: 5949: 5931: 5913: 5902:Current events portal 5895: 5877: 5859: 5841: 5805:10.1515/pac-2019-0603 5776:10.1515/pac-2015-0305 5722: 5702: 5682: 5662: 5642: 5622: 5602: 5593:Free media repository 5582: 2317:Timeline of chemistry 2214:Post-mortem chemistry 2199:Clandestine chemistry 2129:Atmospheric chemistry 2052:Biophysical chemistry 1884:Solid-state chemistry 1834:Equilibrium chemistry 1743:Photoelectrochemistry 1309: 1301:Chemistry in industry 1153: 1027:Liquid Chromatography 977: 897: 837:ultraviolet radiation 721: 656:, and various tools. 635: 588:philosophy of science 573: 551:Theoretical chemistry 418: 5693:Free-content library 5570:Wikimedia Foundation 5563:Associated Wikimedia 2307:History of chemistry 2262:Chemical engineering 2037:Bioorganic chemistry 1787:Structural chemistry 1524:List of biomolecules 1368:Bristol-Myers Squibb 1145:Chemistry in society 660:unit-conversion.info 580:history of chemistry 424:Analytical chemistry 373:are fairly common. 6046:WikiProject Portals 5848:List of all portals 5713:Free learning tools 5633:Free knowledge base 4438:Ruther­fordium 2330:The central science 2284:Ceramic engineering 2209:Forensic toxicology 2182:Chemistry education 2080:Radiation chemistry 2062:Interdisciplinarity 2015:Medicinal chemistry 1953:Fullerene chemistry 1829:Microwave chemistry 1698:Molecular mechanics 1693:Molecular modelling 1462:Other WikiProjects… 787:, who won the 1934 627:Chemistry Resources 613:The central science 486:Medicinal chemistry 464:Inorganic reactions 460:Inorganic chemistry 410:Fields of Chemistry 221:the central science 56:. Learn how to 6041: 6023: 6005: 5987: 5969: 5956:Mathematics portal 5951: 5933: 5915: 5897: 5879: 5861: 5843: 5724: 5704: 5684: 5664: 5644: 5624: 5604: 5584: 5436:Po:  — 5135:Protac­tinium 4803:Praseo­dymium 4558:Darm­stadtium 2373:Chemical substance 2235:Chemical synthesis 2204:Forensic chemistry 2085:Actinide chemistry 2027:Clinical chemistry 1708:Molecular geometry 1703:Molecular dynamics 1658:Elemental analysis 1611:Separation process 1452:Rocks and minerals 1311: 1279:Soil contamination 1267:Psychoactive drugs 1156: 1079:Graduated cylinder 1031:Gas Chromatography 980: 900: 835:, when exposed to 767:Selected biography 724: 646:chemical databases 637: 576: 528:Physical chemistry 420: 206:chemical compounds 6010:Technology portal 5653:Free-content news 5472: 5471: 5380: 5379: 5341:Mende­levium 5301:Einstei­nium 5281:Califor­nium 4678:Liver­morium 4598:Coper­nicium 4578:Roent­genium 2637:Pnicto­gens 2452: 2451: 2388:Quantum mechanics 2353:Chemical compound 2336:Chemical reaction 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2877: 2876: 2875: 2870: 2867: 2864: 2856: 2854: 2853: 2852: 2847: 2844: 2841: 2833: 2831: 2830: 2829: 2824: 2821: 2818: 2810: 2808: 2807: 2806: 2801: 2798: 2795: 2787: 2785: 2784: 2783: 2778: 2775: 2772: 2762: 2760: 2759: 2758: 2753: 2750: 2747: 2739: 2737: 2736: 2735: 2730: 2727: 2724: 2709: 2707: 2706: 2705: 2700: 2697: 2694: 2684: 2682: 2681: 2680: 2675: 2672: 2669: 2496: 2495: 2483: 2476: 2469: 2440: 2439: 2428: 2416: 2415: 2404: 2403: 2348:Chemical element 2003:Chemical biology 1862:Magnetochemistry 1839:Mechanochemistry 1792:Chemical physics 1733:Electrochemistry 1638:Characterization 1500: 1493: 1486: 1477: 1476: 1199:Chemical warfare 963:Isotope dilution 861: 857:paleoclimatology 791:for his work on 785:physical chemist 776: 731: 696:The Element Song 648:, publications, 532:Electrochemistry 375: 323: 314:Selected article 309: 307: 170:natural sciences 166:physical science 61: 32: 31: 24: 17: 6098: 6097: 6093: 6092: 6091: 6089: 6088: 6087: 6058: 6057: 6056: 6055: 6054: 6049: 6044: 6042: 6031: 6026: 6024: 6013: 6008: 6006: 5995: 5990: 5988: 5977: 5972: 5970: 5959: 5954: 5952: 5941: 5936: 5934: 5928: 5923: 5918: 5916: 5910: 5905: 5900: 5898: 5892: 5887: 5882: 5880: 5874: 5869: 5866:The arts portal 5864: 5862: 5851: 5846: 5844: 5832: 5831: 5822: 5821: 5820: 5788: 5784: 5753: 5749: 5743: 5738: 5737: 5734: 5732: 5727: 5725: 5714: 5712: 5707: 5705: 5694: 5692: 5687: 5685: 5674: 5672: 5667: 5665: 5654: 5652: 5647: 5645: 5634: 5632: 5627: 5625: 5614: 5612: 5607: 5605: 5594: 5592: 5587: 5585: 5565: 5560: 5559: 5547: 5535: 5525: 5523: 5511: 5501: 5499: 5487: 5482: 5480:Related portals 5477: 5476: 5475: 5474: 5473: 5445: 5444: 5443: 5430: 5423: 5412: 5409: 5403: 5397: 5391: 5389: 5383: 5369: 5366: 5363: 5360: 5357: 5349: 5346: 5343: 5340: 5337: 5329: 5326: 5323: 5320: 5317: 5309: 5306: 5303: 5300: 5297: 5289: 5286: 5283: 5280: 5277: 5269: 5266: 5263: 5261:Berkel­ium 5260: 5257: 5249: 5246: 5243: 5240: 5237: 5229: 5226: 5223: 5221:Ameri­cium 5220: 5217: 5209: 5206: 5203: 5201:Pluto­nium 5200: 5197: 5189: 5186: 5183: 5181:Neptu­nium 5180: 5177: 5168: 5166: 5163: 5160: 5157: 5154: 5145: 5143: 5140: 5137: 5134: 5131: 5122: 5120: 5117: 5114: 5111: 5108: 5100: 5097: 5094: 5091: 5088: 5082: 5063: 5061: 5058: 5055: 5053:Ytter­bium 5052: 5049: 5040: 5038: 5035: 5032: 5029: 5026: 5017: 5015: 5012: 5009: 5006: 5003: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4986: 4983: 4980: 4971: 4969: 4966: 4963: 4960: 4957: 4948: 4946: 4943: 4940: 4937: 4934: 4925: 4923: 4920: 4917: 4914: 4911: 4902: 4900: 4897: 4894: 4891: 4888: 4879: 4877: 4874: 4871: 4868: 4865: 4857: 4854: 4851: 4848: 4845: 4836: 4834: 4831: 4828: 4826:Neo­dymium 4825: 4822: 4813: 4811: 4808: 4805: 4802: 4799: 4790: 4788: 4785: 4782: 4779: 4776: 4767: 4765: 4762: 4759: 4757:Lan­thanum 4756: 4753: 4747: 4726: 4723: 4720: 4718:Oga­nesson 4717: 4714: 4706: 4703: 4700: 4697: 4694: 4686: 4683: 4680: 4677: 4674: 4666: 4663: 4660: 4658:Moscov­ium 4657: 4654: 4646: 4643: 4640: 4638:Flerov­ium 4637: 4634: 4626: 4623: 4620: 4617: 4614: 4606: 4603: 4600: 4597: 4594: 4586: 4583: 4580: 4577: 4574: 4566: 4563: 4560: 4557: 4554: 4546: 4543: 4540: 4537: 4534: 4526: 4523: 4520: 4517: 4514: 4506: 4503: 4500: 4497: 4494: 4486: 4483: 4480: 4477: 4474: 4466: 4463: 4460: 4457: 4454: 4446: 4443: 4440: 4437: 4434: 4426: 4423: 4420: 4417: 4414: 4408: 4399: 4396: 4393: 4390: 4387: 4379: 4376: 4373: 4370: 4367: 4352: 4349: 4346: 4343: 4340: 4332: 4329: 4326: 4323: 4320: 4312: 4309: 4306: 4303: 4300: 4291: 4289: 4286: 4283: 4280: 4277: 4268: 4266: 4263: 4260: 4257: 4254: 4245: 4243: 4240: 4237: 4234: 4231: 4222: 4220: 4217: 4214: 4211: 4208: 4199: 4197: 4194: 4191: 4188: 4185: 4176: 4174: 4171: 4168: 4165: 4162: 4153: 4151: 4148: 4145: 4142: 4139: 4130: 4128: 4125: 4122: 4119: 4116: 4107: 4105: 4102: 4099: 4096: 4093: 4084: 4082: 4079: 4076: 4073: 4070: 4061: 4059: 4056: 4053: 4050: 4047: 4038: 4036: 4033: 4030: 4027: 4024: 4015: 4013: 4010: 4007: 4004: 4001: 3995: 3985: 3983: 3980: 3977: 3974: 3971: 3962: 3960: 3957: 3954: 3951: 3948: 3932: 3930: 3927: 3924: 3921: 3918: 3909: 3907: 3904: 3901: 3898: 3895: 3886: 3884: 3881: 3878: 3876:Tellur­ium 3875: 3872: 3863: 3861: 3858: 3855: 3852: 3849: 3840: 3838: 3835: 3832: 3829: 3826: 3817: 3815: 3812: 3809: 3806: 3803: 3794: 3792: 3789: 3786: 3783: 3780: 3771: 3769: 3766: 3763: 3760: 3757: 3748: 3746: 3743: 3740: 3738:Pallad­ium 3737: 3734: 3725: 3723: 3720: 3717: 3714: 3711: 3702: 3700: 3697: 3694: 3692:Ruthe­nium 3691: 3688: 3680: 3677: 3674: 3671: 3668: 3659: 3657: 3654: 3651: 3648: 3645: 3636: 3634: 3631: 3628: 3625: 3622: 3613: 3611: 3608: 3605: 3603:Zirco­nium 3602: 3599: 3590: 3588: 3585: 3582: 3579: 3576: 3565: 3563: 3560: 3557: 3555:Stront­ium 3554: 3551: 3542: 3540: 3537: 3534: 3531: 3528: 3512: 3510: 3507: 3504: 3501: 3498: 3489: 3487: 3484: 3481: 3478: 3475: 3466: 3464: 3461: 3458: 3455: 3452: 3443: 3441: 3438: 3435: 3432: 3429: 3420: 3418: 3415: 3412: 3410:Germa­nium 3409: 3406: 3397: 3395: 3392: 3389: 3386: 3383: 3374: 3372: 3369: 3366: 3363: 3360: 3351: 3349: 3346: 3343: 3340: 3337: 3328: 3326: 3323: 3320: 3317: 3314: 3305: 3303: 3300: 3297: 3294: 3291: 3282: 3280: 3277: 3274: 3271: 3268: 3259: 3257: 3254: 3251: 3249:Manga­nese 3248: 3245: 3236: 3234: 3231: 3228: 3225: 3222: 3213: 3211: 3208: 3205: 3202: 3199: 3190: 3188: 3185: 3182: 3179: 3176: 3167: 3165: 3162: 3159: 3156: 3153: 3142: 3140: 3137: 3134: 3131: 3128: 3119: 3117: 3114: 3111: 3109:Potas­sium 3108: 3105: 3089: 3087: 3084: 3081: 3078: 3075: 3066: 3064: 3061: 3058: 3055: 3052: 3043: 3041: 3038: 3035: 3032: 3029: 3020: 3018: 3015: 3012: 3009: 3006: 2997: 2995: 2992: 2989: 2986: 2983: 2974: 2972: 2969: 2966: 2964:Alumin­ium 2963: 2960: 2949: 2947: 2944: 2941: 2939:Magne­sium 2938: 2935: 2926: 2924: 2921: 2918: 2915: 2912: 2896: 2894: 2891: 2888: 2885: 2882: 2873: 2871: 2868: 2865: 2862: 2859: 2850: 2848: 2845: 2842: 2839: 2836: 2827: 2825: 2822: 2819: 2816: 2813: 2804: 2802: 2799: 2796: 2793: 2790: 2781: 2779: 2776: 2773: 2770: 2767: 2756: 2754: 2751: 2748: 2746:Beryl­lium 2745: 2742: 2733: 2731: 2728: 2725: 2722: 2719: 2703: 2701: 2698: 2695: 2692: 2689: 2678: 2676: 2673: 2670: 2667: 2664: 2656: 2647: 2643:Halo­gens 2602: 2493: 2492: 2487: 2459: 2454: 2453: 2448: 2392: 2295: 2289:Polymer science 2245:Click chemistry 2240:Green chemistry 2134:Ocean chemistry 2110:Biogeochemistry 2056: 1972: 1944:Total synthesis 1907:Stereochemistry 1893: 1843: 1760:Surface science 1750:Thermochemistry 1719: 1662: 1633:Crystallography 1538: 1510: 1504: 1473: 1467: 1466: 1465: 1458: 1432: 1427: 1426: 1420:GlaxoSmithKline 1347: 1341:Pharmaceuticals 1303: 1298: 1297: 1227:Green chemistry 1147: 1142: 1141: 1083:Perkin triangle 1015:Conical measure 971: 966: 965: 915:Crystallization 891: 886: 881: 870: 777: 769: 764: 763: 762: 750: 734: 733: 732: 727: 714: 708: 707: 706: 629: 624: 567: 562: 560: 405: 400: 395: 384: 324: 316: 310: 301: 299: 298: 297: 295: 270:Full article... 152: 147: 146: 69: 66: 47: 27: 12: 11: 5: 6096: 6086: 6085: 6080: 6075: 6070: 6053: 6052: 6050: 6043: 6034: 6032: 6025: 6016: 6014: 6007: 5998: 5996: 5992:Society portal 5989: 5980: 5978: 5974:Science portal 5971: 5962: 5960: 5953: 5944: 5942: 5938:History portal 5935: 5926: 5924: 5917: 5908: 5906: 5899: 5890: 5888: 5881: 5872: 5870: 5863: 5854: 5852: 5845: 5836: 5833: 5824: 5823: 5819: 5818: 5782: 5746: 5745: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5736: 5735: 5726: 5717: 5715: 5706: 5697: 5695: 5686: 5677: 5675: 5666: 5657: 5655: 5646: 5637: 5635: 5626: 5617: 5615: 5606: 5597: 5595: 5586: 5577: 5574: 5568:The following 5566: 5564: 5561: 5558: 5557: 5545: 5533: 5521: 5509: 5507:Earth sciences 5497: 5483: 5481: 5478: 5470: 5469: 5464: 5459: 5454: 5446: 5442: 5441: 5434: 5426: 5421: 5411: 5410: 5382: 5378: 5377: 5375: 5361:Nobel­ium 5355: 5335: 5315: 5295: 5275: 5255: 5235: 5215: 5195: 5175: 5152: 5129: 5106: 5092:Actin­ium 5086: 5079: 5076: 5075: 5072: 5070: 5047: 5024: 5001: 4978: 4955: 4932: 4909: 4892:Europ­ium 4886: 4869:Sama­rium 4863: 4843: 4820: 4797: 4774: 4751: 4744: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4736: 4733: 4732: 4712: 4692: 4672: 4652: 4632: 4618:Nihon­ium 4612: 4592: 4572: 4552: 4532: 4512: 4492: 4472: 4452: 4432: 4412: 4405: 4385: 4371:Fran­cium 4365: 4359: 4358: 4338: 4324:Asta­tine 4318: 4304:Polo­nium 4298: 4275: 4252: 4229: 4206: 4183: 4166:Plat­inum 4160: 4137: 4114: 4091: 4074:Tung­sten 4068: 4051:Tanta­lum 4045: 4022: 4005:Lute­tium 3999: 3992: 3969: 3946: 3940: 3939: 3916: 3893: 3870: 3853:Anti­mony 3847: 3824: 3801: 3778: 3755: 3732: 3709: 3686: 3666: 3643: 3620: 3597: 3574: 3572: 3549: 3532:Rubid­ium 3526: 3520: 3519: 3496: 3473: 3456:Sele­nium 3450: 3427: 3404: 3381: 3358: 3335: 3312: 3289: 3266: 3243: 3226:Chrom­ium 3220: 3203:Vana­dium 3197: 3180:Tita­nium 3174: 3157:Scan­dium 3151: 3149: 3126: 3103: 3097: 3096: 3073: 3056:Chlor­ine 3050: 3027: 3004: 2981: 2958: 2956: 2933: 2910: 2904: 2903: 2880: 2863:Fluor­ine 2857: 2834: 2817:Nitro­gen 2811: 2788: 2765: 2763: 2740: 2717: 2711: 2710: 2687: 2685: 2668:Hydro­gen 2662: 2650: 2649: 2644: 2641: 2638: 2635: 2632: 2629: 2627: 2625: 2623: 2621: 2619: 2617: 2615: 2613: 2611: 2609: 2607: 2604: 2603:alkali metals 2601:Hydrogen & 2599: 2596: 2595: 2590: 2585: 2580: 2575: 2570: 2565: 2560: 2555: 2550: 2545: 2540: 2535: 2530: 2525: 2520: 2515: 2512: 2507: 2502: 2494: 2490:Periodic table 2488: 2486: 2485: 2478: 2471: 2463: 2462: 2461: 2460: 2458: 2457:Periodic Table 2455: 2450: 2449: 2447: 2446: 2434: 2422: 2410: 2397: 2394: 2393: 2391: 2390: 2385: 2380: 2375: 2370: 2365: 2360: 2355: 2350: 2345: 2344: 2343: 2333: 2326: 2325: 2324: 2314: 2309: 2303: 2301: 2297: 2296: 2294: 2293: 2292: 2291: 2286: 2281: 2271: 2270: 2269: 2259: 2258: 2257: 2252: 2247: 2242: 2232: 2231: 2230: 2219: 2218: 2217: 2216: 2211: 2201: 2196: 2195: 2194: 2189: 2178: 2177: 2176: 2175: 2173:Soil chemistry 2165: 2164: 2163: 2158: 2151:Food chemistry 2148: 2146:Carbochemistry 2143: 2141:Clay chemistry 2138: 2137: 2136: 2131: 2120: 2119: 2118: 2117: 2112: 2102: 2096:Astrochemistry 2092:Cosmochemistry 2089: 2088: 2087: 2082: 2077: 2075:Radiochemistry 2066: 2064: 2058: 2057: 2055: 2054: 2049: 2044: 2039: 2034: 2032:Neurochemistry 2029: 2024: 2023: 2022: 2012: 2011: 2010: 2000: 1999: 1998: 1993: 1982: 1980: 1974: 1973: 1971: 1970: 1965: 1963:Petrochemistry 1960: 1955: 1950: 1941: 1936: 1931: 1926: 1921: 1916: 1915: 1914: 1903: 1901: 1895: 1894: 1892: 1891: 1886: 1881: 1876: 1875: 1874: 1864: 1859: 1853: 1851: 1845: 1844: 1842: 1841: 1836: 1831: 1826: 1824:Spin chemistry 1821: 1819:Photochemistry 1816: 1811: 1806: 1804:Femtochemistry 1801: 1800: 1799: 1789: 1784: 1779: 1774: 1773: 1772: 1762: 1757: 1752: 1747: 1746: 1745: 1740: 1729: 1727: 1721: 1720: 1718: 1717: 1716: 1715: 1705: 1700: 1695: 1690: 1689: 1688: 1678: 1672: 1670: 1664: 1663: 1661: 1660: 1655: 1650: 1645: 1640: 1635: 1630: 1629: 1628: 1623: 1616:Chromatography 1613: 1608: 1607: 1606: 1601: 1596: 1586: 1585: 1584: 1579: 1574: 1569: 1559: 1554: 1548: 1546: 1540: 1539: 1537: 1536: 1534:Periodic table 1531: 1526: 1521: 1515: 1512: 1511: 1503: 1502: 1495: 1488: 1480: 1474: 1472: 1469: 1468: 1459: 1434: 1433: 1431: 1428: 1337:Petrochemicals 1312: 1304: 1302: 1299: 1243:Nuclear fusion 1195:Carbon dioxide 1157: 1148: 1146: 1143: 995:BĂĽchner funnel 981: 972: 970: 967: 907:Chromatography 901: 892: 890: 887: 883: 882: 873: 871: 864: 817:Stanley Miller 809:cosmochemistry 771: 770: 768: 765: 761: 760: 752: 751: 735: 726: 725: 716: 715: 713: 712:Selected image 710: 709: 700: 630: 628: 625: 616: 615: 610: 605: 600: 568: 566: 563: 558: 557: 548: 543: 538: 525: 520: 515: 498: 493: 488: 483: 473:Nanotechnology 466: 457: 448: 443: 434: 428:Chromatography 406: 404: 401: 397: 396: 387: 385: 378: 318: 317: 315: 312: 311: 300: 294: 293: 291:Periodic table 288: 283: 277: 275: 245:cosmochemistry 202:chemical bonds 153: 151: 148: 145: 144: 139: 134: 129: 124: 119: 114: 109: 104: 99: 94: 89: 84: 79: 73: 72: 71: 70: 67: 63: 62: 46: 45: 37:This portal's 25: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6095: 6084: 6081: 6079: 6076: 6074: 6071: 6069: 6066: 6065: 6063: 6051: 6047: 6038: 6033: 6029: 6028:Random portal 6020: 6015: 6011: 6002: 5997: 5993: 5984: 5979: 5975: 5966: 5961: 5957: 5948: 5943: 5939: 5925: 5921: 5907: 5903: 5889: 5885: 5871: 5867: 5858: 5853: 5849: 5840: 5835: 5830: 5829: 5814: 5810: 5806: 5802: 5798: 5794: 5786: 5777: 5772: 5769:(3): 265–91. 5768: 5764: 5763: 5758: 5751: 5747: 5730: 5721: 5716: 5710: 5701: 5696: 5690: 5681: 5676: 5670: 5661: 5656: 5650: 5641: 5636: 5630: 5621: 5616: 5610: 5601: 5596: 5590: 5581: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5556: 5551: 5546: 5544: 5539: 5534: 5532: 5522: 5520: 5515: 5510: 5508: 5498: 5496: 5491: 5486: 5485: 5468: 5465: 5463: 5460: 5458: 5455: 5453: 5450: 5449: 5439: 5435: 5428: 5427: 5420: 5417: 5416: 5406: 5400: 5394: 5386: 5376: 5373: 5356: 5353: 5336: 5333: 5321:Fer­mium 5316: 5313: 5296: 5293: 5276: 5273: 5256: 5253: 5236: 5233: 5216: 5213: 5196: 5193: 5176: 5173: 5158:Ura­nium 5153: 5150: 5130: 5127: 5112:Thor­ium 5107: 5104: 5087: 5080: 5077: 5073: 5071: 5068: 5048: 5045: 5025: 5022: 5002: 4999: 4984:Hol­mium 4979: 4976: 4956: 4953: 4938:Ter­bium 4933: 4930: 4910: 4907: 4887: 4884: 4864: 4861: 4844: 4841: 4821: 4818: 4798: 4795: 4775: 4772: 4752: 4745: 4743: 4741: 4739: 4738: 4734: 4730: 4713: 4710: 4693: 4690: 4673: 4670: 4653: 4650: 4633: 4630: 4613: 4610: 4593: 4590: 4573: 4570: 4553: 4550: 4533: 4530: 4518:Has­sium 4513: 4510: 4498:Bohr­ium 4493: 4490: 4473: 4470: 4458:Dub­nium 4453: 4450: 4433: 4430: 4413: 4406: 4403: 4386: 4383: 4366: 4364: 4361: 4360: 4356: 4339: 4336: 4319: 4316: 4299: 4296: 4281:Bis­muth 4276: 4273: 4253: 4250: 4230: 4227: 4212:Mer­cury 4207: 4204: 4184: 4181: 4161: 4158: 4138: 4135: 4115: 4112: 4097:Rhe­nium 4092: 4089: 4069: 4066: 4046: 4043: 4028:Haf­nium 4023: 4020: 4000: 3993: 3990: 3970: 3967: 3952:Cae­sium 3947: 3945: 3942: 3941: 3937: 3917: 3914: 3894: 3891: 3871: 3868: 3848: 3845: 3825: 3822: 3802: 3799: 3784:Cad­mium 3779: 3776: 3756: 3753: 3733: 3730: 3715:Rho­dium 3710: 3707: 3687: 3684: 3667: 3664: 3644: 3641: 3626:Nio­bium 3621: 3618: 3598: 3595: 3575: 3573: 3570: 3550: 3547: 3527: 3525: 3522: 3521: 3517: 3502:Kryp­ton 3497: 3494: 3474: 3471: 3451: 3448: 3428: 3425: 3405: 3402: 3382: 3379: 3359: 3356: 3336: 3333: 3313: 3310: 3290: 3287: 3267: 3264: 3244: 3241: 3221: 3218: 3198: 3195: 3175: 3172: 3152: 3150: 3147: 3132:Cal­cium 3127: 3124: 3104: 3102: 3099: 3098: 3094: 3074: 3071: 3051: 3048: 3028: 3025: 3005: 3002: 2987:Sili­con 2982: 2979: 2959: 2954: 2934: 2931: 2911: 2909: 2906: 2905: 2901: 2881: 2878: 2858: 2855: 2835: 2832: 2812: 2809: 2789: 2786: 2766: 2761: 2741: 2738: 2723:Lith­ium 2718: 2716: 2713: 2712: 2708: 2688: 2683: 2663: 2661: 2660: 2655: 2652: 2651: 2645: 2642: 2639: 2636: 2633: 2630: 2628: 2626: 2624: 2622: 2620: 2618: 2616: 2614: 2612: 2610: 2608: 2605: 2600: 2598: 2597: 2594: 2591: 2589: 2586: 2584: 2581: 2579: 2576: 2574: 2571: 2569: 2566: 2564: 2561: 2559: 2556: 2554: 2551: 2549: 2546: 2544: 2541: 2539: 2536: 2534: 2531: 2529: 2526: 2524: 2521: 2519: 2516: 2513: 2511: 2508: 2506: 2503: 2501: 2498: 2497: 2491: 2484: 2479: 2477: 2472: 2470: 2465: 2464: 2445: 2444: 2435: 2433: 2432: 2427: 2423: 2421: 2420: 2411: 2409: 2408: 2399: 2398: 2395: 2389: 2386: 2384: 2381: 2379: 2378:Chemical bond 2376: 2374: 2371: 2369: 2366: 2364: 2361: 2359: 2356: 2354: 2351: 2349: 2346: 2342: 2339: 2338: 2337: 2334: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2320: 2319: 2318: 2315: 2313: 2310: 2308: 2305: 2304: 2302: 2298: 2290: 2287: 2285: 2282: 2280: 2277: 2276: 2275: 2272: 2268: 2267:Stoichiometry 2265: 2264: 2263: 2260: 2256: 2253: 2251: 2248: 2246: 2243: 2241: 2238: 2237: 2236: 2233: 2229: 2226: 2225: 2224: 2223:Nanochemistry 2221: 2220: 2215: 2212: 2210: 2207: 2206: 2205: 2202: 2200: 2197: 2193: 2190: 2188: 2185: 2184: 2183: 2180: 2179: 2174: 2171: 2170: 2169: 2166: 2162: 2159: 2157: 2154: 2153: 2152: 2149: 2147: 2144: 2142: 2139: 2135: 2132: 2130: 2127: 2126: 2125: 2122: 2121: 2116: 2113: 2111: 2108: 2107: 2106: 2103: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2090: 2086: 2083: 2081: 2078: 2076: 2073: 2072: 2071: 2068: 2067: 2065: 2063: 2059: 2053: 2050: 2048: 2045: 2043: 2040: 2038: 2035: 2033: 2030: 2028: 2025: 2021: 2018: 2017: 2016: 2013: 2009: 2006: 2005: 2004: 2001: 1997: 1994: 1992: 1989: 1988: 1987: 1984: 1983: 1981: 1979: 1975: 1969: 1966: 1964: 1961: 1959: 1956: 1954: 1951: 1949: 1948:Semisynthesis 1945: 1942: 1940: 1937: 1935: 1932: 1930: 1927: 1925: 1922: 1920: 1917: 1913: 1910: 1909: 1908: 1905: 1904: 1902: 1900: 1896: 1890: 1887: 1885: 1882: 1880: 1877: 1873: 1870: 1869: 1868: 1865: 1863: 1860: 1858: 1855: 1854: 1852: 1850: 1846: 1840: 1837: 1835: 1832: 1830: 1827: 1825: 1822: 1820: 1817: 1815: 1812: 1810: 1807: 1805: 1802: 1798: 1795: 1794: 1793: 1790: 1788: 1785: 1783: 1782:Sonochemistry 1780: 1778: 1777:Cryochemistry 1775: 1771: 1770:Micromeritics 1768: 1767: 1766: 1763: 1761: 1758: 1756: 1753: 1751: 1748: 1744: 1741: 1739: 1736: 1735: 1734: 1731: 1730: 1728: 1726: 1722: 1714: 1711: 1710: 1709: 1706: 1704: 1701: 1699: 1696: 1694: 1691: 1687: 1684: 1683: 1682: 1679: 1677: 1674: 1673: 1671: 1669: 1665: 1659: 1656: 1654: 1651: 1649: 1648:Wet chemistry 1646: 1644: 1641: 1639: 1636: 1634: 1631: 1627: 1624: 1622: 1619: 1618: 1617: 1614: 1612: 1609: 1605: 1602: 1600: 1597: 1595: 1592: 1591: 1590: 1587: 1583: 1580: 1578: 1575: 1573: 1570: 1568: 1565: 1564: 1563: 1560: 1558: 1555: 1553: 1550: 1549: 1547: 1545: 1541: 1535: 1532: 1530: 1527: 1525: 1522: 1520: 1517: 1516: 1513: 1509: 1501: 1496: 1494: 1489: 1487: 1482: 1481: 1478: 1464: 1463: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1408:Sigma-Aldrich 1405: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1329:Oleochemicals 1326: 1322: 1318: 1317:Agrochemicals 1315: 1308: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1215:Free radicals 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1191:Carbohydrates 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1163:Air pollution 1160: 1152: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1111:Litmus papers 1108: 1104: 1103:Schlenk flask 1100: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1000: 999:Bunsen burner 996: 992: 988: 984: 976: 964: 960: 956: 952: 948: 944: 940: 939:Fractionation 936: 932: 928: 924: 920: 916: 912: 908: 904: 896: 880: 879: 878: 872: 869: 868: 863: 862: 858: 854: 850: 846: 842: 838: 834: 830: 826: 822: 818: 814: 810: 806: 802: 798: 794: 790: 786: 782: 781: 775: 759: 758: 754: 753: 748: 744: 740: 739: 730: 720: 705: 704: 699: 697: 693: 691: 690:ABC-Chemistry 687: 685: 681: 679: 675: 673: 669: 667: 663: 661: 657: 655: 651: 647: 643: 642: 634: 623: 621: 614: 611: 609: 606: 604: 601: 599: 596: 595: 594: 591: 589: 585: 581: 572: 561: 556: 552: 549: 547: 544: 542: 539: 537: 533: 529: 526: 524: 521: 519: 516: 514: 510: 506: 502: 499: 497: 494: 492: 489: 487: 484: 482: 478: 474: 470: 467: 465: 461: 458: 456: 452: 449: 447: 444: 442: 438: 435: 433: 429: 425: 422: 421: 417: 413: 412: 411: 403:Subcategories 394: 393: 392: 386: 383: 382: 377: 376: 372: 368: 364: 360: 356: 352: 348: 344: 341: 337: 333: 332:acetaminophen 329: 328: 322: 308: 306: 296: 292: 289: 287: 284: 282: 279: 278: 274: 272: 271: 266: 260: 258: 254: 250: 246: 242: 238: 234: 230: 226: 222: 218: 214: 209: 207: 203: 199: 195: 191: 187: 183: 179: 175: 171: 167: 163: 159: 158: 143: 142:Random portal 140: 138: 135: 133: 130: 128: 125: 123: 120: 118: 115: 113: 110: 108: 105: 103: 100: 98: 95: 93: 90: 88: 85: 83: 80: 78: 77:Portal topics 75: 74: 59: 55: 51: 43: 40: 36: 35: 30: 26: 23: 19: 18: 5825: 5796: 5785: 5766: 5760: 5750: 5567: 5418: 5413: 5404: 4391:Ra­dium 4120:Os­mium 3975:Ba­rium 2916:So­dium 2840:Oxy­gen 2693:He­lium 2657: 2441: 2430: 2429: 2417: 2405: 2255:Biosynthesis 2105:Geochemistry 2020:Pharmacology 1996:Cell biology 1986:Biochemistry 1814:Spectroscopy 1713:VSEPR theory 1562:Spectroscopy 1506:Branches of 1460: 1430:WikiProjects 1348: 1313: 1239:Nuclear fuel 1135:Thistle tube 1127:Static mixer 1107:pH indicator 1063:Round-bottom 991:Boiling tube 947:Spectrometry 927:Electrolysis 923:Distillation 898:Distillation 877:Read more... 875: 874: 865: 778: 755: 736: 701: 694: 688: 682: 676: 670: 664: 658: 639: 638: 617: 592: 577: 559: 455:Geochemistry 437:Biochemistry 432:Spectroscopy 408: 407: 391:Read more... 389: 388: 379: 357:(NSAIDs) or 334:is a common 331: 325: 304: 276: 268: 261: 249:pharmacology 210: 155: 154: 150:Introduction 41: 28: 6068:All portals 5709:Wikiversity 5519:Mathematics 5438:mass number 2443:WikiProject 1668:Theoretical 1653:Calorimetry 1352:AstraZeneca 1255:Paracetamol 1187:Cholesterol 1075:Gas syringe 1011:Colorimeter 1007:Calorimeter 951:Sublimation 919:Decantation 845:amino acids 805:heavy water 780:Harold Urey 618:There is a 340:antipyretic 327:Paracetamol 196:with other 168:within the 107:Mathematics 33:(June 2018) 6062:Categories 5729:Wiktionary 5689:Wikisource 5392:From decay 5385:Primordial 2279:Metallurgy 1978:Biological 1544:Analytical 1388:Mitsubishi 1380:ExxonMobil 1349:Companies: 1259:Penicillin 1211:Fatty acid 1139:Viscometer 1067:Volumetric 1051:Erlenmeyer 935:Filtration 931:Extraction 911:Combustion 738:Paclitaxel 729:Paclitaxel 722:Paclitaxel 491:Metallurgy 198:substances 164:. It is a 137:Technology 122:Philosophy 82:Activities 6078:Chemistry 5813:1365-3075 5669:Wikiquote 5609:Wikibooks 5429:Ca:  5399:Synthetic 2341:Catalysis 1849:Inorganic 1643:Titration 1508:chemistry 1440:Chemicals 1436:Chemistry 1384:Linde plc 1372:DowDuPont 1219:Fuel cell 1175:Aspartame 1159:Acid rain 1131:Test tube 1071:Fume hood 983:Aspirator 955:Titration 903:Catalysis 797:deuterium 371:overdoses 351:headaches 336:analgesic 257:forensics 194:reactions 186:molecules 178:compounds 157:Chemistry 92:Geography 50:take care 5649:Wikinews 5629:Wikidata 5531:Medicine 4235:Thallium 2634:Tetrels 2407:Category 2363:Molecule 2300:See also 1725:Physical 1454: - 1450: - 1448:Polymers 1446: - 1444:Elements 1442: - 1438: - 1392:Monsanto 1345:Polymers 1295:Vitamins 1223:Gasoline 1171:Asbestos 1123:Stir bar 1055:Florence 1035:Crucible 851:isotope 833:hydrogen 813:elements 801:hydrogen 793:isotopes 523:Pharmacy 481:Ceramics 180:made of 127:Religion 39:subpages 5828:portals 5741:Sources 5589:Commons 5555:Science 5543:Physics 5495:Biology 5467:p-block 5462:d-block 5457:f-block 5452:s-block 5402:  5396:  5388:  5370:​ 5350:​ 5330:​ 5310:​ 5290:​ 5270:​ 5250:​ 5230:​ 5210:​ 5190:​ 5167:​ 5144:​ 5121:​ 5101:​ 5074:  5062:​ 5039:​ 5030:Thulium 5016:​ 4993:​ 4970:​ 4947:​ 4924:​ 4901:​ 4878:​ 4858:​ 4835:​ 4812:​ 4789:​ 4766:​ 4727:​ 4707:​ 4687:​ 4667:​ 4647:​ 4627:​ 4607:​ 4587:​ 4567:​ 4547:​ 4527:​ 4507:​ 4487:​ 4467:​ 4447:​ 4427:​ 4400:​ 4380:​ 4353:​ 4333:​ 4313:​ 4290:​ 4267:​ 4244:​ 4221:​ 4198:​ 4175:​ 4152:​ 4143:Iridium 4129:​ 4106:​ 4083:​ 4060:​ 4037:​ 4014:​ 3984:​ 3961:​ 3931:​ 3908:​ 3885:​ 3862:​ 3839:​ 3816:​ 3793:​ 3770:​ 3747:​ 3724:​ 3701:​ 3681:​ 3658:​ 3635:​ 3612:​ 3589:​ 3580:Yttrium 3564:​ 3541:​ 3511:​ 3488:​ 3479:Bromine 3465:​ 3442:​ 3433:Arsenic 3419:​ 3396:​ 3387:Gallium 3373:​ 3350:​ 3327:​ 3304:​ 3281:​ 3258:​ 3235:​ 3212:​ 3189:​ 3166:​ 3141:​ 3118:​ 3088:​ 3065:​ 3042:​ 3019:​ 2996:​ 2973:​ 2948:​ 2925:​ 2895:​ 2872:​ 2849:​ 2826:​ 2803:​ 2780:​ 2755:​ 2732:​ 2702:​ 2677:​ 2631:Triels 2514:  2419:Commons 2383:Alchemy 1899:Organic 1456:Science 1287:Tamiflu 1263:Plastic 1235:Insulin 1203:Enzymes 1179:Aspirin 1091:Reagent 1087:Pipette 1047:BĂĽchner 1039:Cuvette 1003:Burette 829:methane 825:ammonia 684:MathMol 650:patents 603:Alchemy 281:Outline 241:ecology 237:geology 229:applied 217:biology 213:physics 132:Society 102:History 87:Culture 48:Please 5811:  5431:40.078 5422:r, std 5405:Border 5241:Curium 5169:238.03 5146:231.04 5123:232.04 5064:173.05 5041:168.93 5018:167.26 5007:Erbium 4995:164.93 4972:162.50 4949:158.93 4926:157.25 4903:151.96 4880:150.36 4837:144.24 4814:140.91 4791:140.12 4780:Cerium 4768:138.91 4292:208.98 4246:204.38 4223:200.59 4200:196.97 4177:195.08 4154:192.22 4131:190.23 4108:186.21 4085:183.84 4062:180.95 4039:178.49 4016:174.97 3986:137.33 3963:132.91 3933:131.29 3910:126.90 3899:Iodine 3887:127.60 3864:121.76 3841:118.71 3818:114.82 3807:Indium 3795:112.41 3772:107.87 3761:Silver 3749:106.42 3726:102.91 3703:101.07 3637:92.906 3614:91.224 3591:88.906 3543:85.468 3513:83.798 3490:79.904 3467:78.971 3444:74.922 3421:72.630 3398:69.723 3352:63.546 3341:Copper 3329:58.693 3318:Nickel 3306:58.933 3295:Cobalt 3283:55.845 3260:54.938 3237:51.996 3214:50.942 3191:47.867 3168:44.956 3143:40.078 3120:39.098 3033:Sulfur 3021:30.974 2998:28.085 2975:26.982 2950:24.305 2927:22.990 2897:20.180 2874:18.998 2851:15.999 2828:14.007 2805:12.011 2794:Carbon 2757:9.0122 2704:4.0026 2679:1.0080 2654:Period 2648:gases 2431:Portal 1577:UV-Vis 1471:Topics 1396:NestlĂ© 1333:Paints 1291:Viagra 1059:Retort 987:Beaker 978:Beaker 943:Reflux 849:oxygen 743:cancer 359:opioid 233:botany 162:matter 117:People 112:Nature 97:Health 4344:Radon 4269:207.2 3922:Xenon 3660:95.95 3566:87.62 3375:65.38 3090:39.95 3079:Argon 3067:35.45 3044:32.06 2782:10.81 2771:Boron 2646:Noble 2500:Group 1604:MALDI 1572:Raman 1416:Total 1412:Sasol 1404:Shell 1356:Bayer 1283:Sugar 1251:Ozone 1247:Nylon 1115:Tongs 841:water 477:Glass 347:fever 286:Index 225:basic 182:atoms 5809:ISSN 4258:Lead 4189:Gold 3364:Zinc 3272:Iron 2886:Neon 2734:6.94 2358:Atom 1626:HPLC 1424:Teva 1364:BASF 1275:Smog 1183:CFCs 1069:) - 839:and 831:and 799:, a 365:and 363:cold 343:drug 338:and 227:and 215:and 190:ions 188:and 5801:doi 5771:doi 5424:(E) 5364:102 5344:101 5324:100 4721:118 4701:117 4681:116 4661:115 4641:114 4621:113 4601:112 4581:111 4561:110 4541:109 4521:108 4501:107 4481:106 4461:105 4441:104 4421:103 3830:Tin 2368:Ion 1599:ICP 1582:NMR 1406:- 1400:OSI 1207:Fat 1053:, 853:18O 367:flu 330:or 267:. ( 259:). 253:DNA 204:in 6064:: 5807:. 5799:. 5795:. 5767:88 5765:. 5759:. 5367:No 5347:Md 5327:Fm 5307:Es 5304:99 5287:Cf 5284:98 5267:Bk 5264:97 5247:Cm 5244:96 5227:Am 5224:95 5207:Pu 5204:94 5187:Np 5184:93 5161:92 5141:Pa 5138:91 5118:Th 5115:90 5098:Ac 5095:89 5059:Yb 5056:70 5036:Tm 5033:69 5013:Er 5010:68 4990:Ho 4987:67 4967:Dy 4964:66 4944:Tb 4941:65 4921:Gd 4918:64 4898:Eu 4895:63 4875:Sm 4872:62 4855:Pm 4852:61 4832:Nd 4829:60 4809:Pr 4806:59 4786:Ce 4783:58 4763:La 4760:57 4724:Og 4704:Ts 4684:Lv 4664:Mc 4644:Fl 4624:Nh 4604:Cn 4584:Rg 4564:Ds 4544:Mt 4524:Hs 4504:Bh 4484:Sg 4464:Db 4444:Rf 4424:Lr 4397:Ra 4394:88 4377:Fr 4374:87 4350:Rn 4347:86 4330:At 4327:85 4310:Po 4307:84 4287:Bi 4284:83 4264:Pb 4261:82 4241:Tl 4238:81 4218:Hg 4215:80 4195:Au 4192:79 4172:Pt 4169:78 4149:Ir 4146:77 4126:Os 4123:76 4103:Re 4100:75 4077:74 4057:Ta 4054:73 4034:Hf 4031:72 4011:Lu 4008:71 3981:Ba 3978:56 3958:Cs 3955:55 3928:Xe 3925:54 3902:53 3882:Te 3879:52 3859:Sb 3856:51 3836:Sn 3833:50 3813:In 3810:49 3790:Cd 3787:48 3767:Ag 3764:47 3744:Pd 3741:46 3721:Rh 3718:45 3698:Ru 3695:44 3678:Tc 3675:43 3655:Mo 3652:42 3632:Nb 3629:41 3609:Zr 3606:40 3583:39 3561:Sr 3558:38 3538:Rb 3535:37 3508:Kr 3505:36 3485:Br 3482:35 3462:Se 3459:34 3439:As 3436:33 3416:Ge 3413:32 3393:Ga 3390:31 3370:Zn 3367:30 3347:Cu 3344:29 3324:Ni 3321:28 3301:Co 3298:27 3278:Fe 3275:26 3255:Mn 3252:25 3232:Cr 3229:24 3206:23 3186:Ti 3183:22 3163:Sc 3160:21 3138:Ca 3135:20 3112:19 3085:Ar 3082:18 3062:Cl 3059:17 3036:16 3013:15 2993:Si 2990:14 2970:Al 2967:13 2945:Mg 2942:12 2922:Na 2919:11 2892:Ne 2889:10 2752:Be 2729:Li 2699:He 2593:18 2588:17 2583:16 2578:15 2573:14 2568:13 2563:12 2558:11 2553:10 2098:/ 2094:/ 1946:/ 1621:GC 1594:EI 1567:IR 1422:- 1418:- 1414:- 1410:- 1402:- 1398:- 1394:- 1390:- 1386:- 1382:- 1378:- 1374:- 1370:- 1366:- 1362:- 1360:BP 1358:- 1354:- 1343:- 1339:- 1335:- 1331:- 1327:- 1323:- 1319:- 1293:- 1289:- 1285:- 1281:- 1277:- 1273:- 1269:- 1265:- 1261:- 1257:- 1253:- 1249:- 1245:- 1241:- 1237:- 1233:- 1229:- 1225:- 1221:- 1217:- 1213:- 1209:- 1205:- 1201:- 1197:- 1193:- 1189:- 1185:- 1181:- 1177:- 1173:- 1169:- 1165:- 1161:- 1137:- 1133:- 1129:- 1125:- 1121:- 1117:- 1113:- 1109:- 1105:- 1101:- 1097:- 1093:- 1089:- 1085:- 1081:- 1077:- 1073:- 1065:, 1061:, 1057:, 1049:, 1041:- 1037:- 1033:- 1029:- 1025:- 1021:- 1017:- 1013:- 1009:- 1005:- 1001:- 997:- 993:- 989:- 985:- 961:- 957:- 953:- 949:- 945:- 941:- 937:- 933:- 929:- 925:- 921:- 917:- 913:- 909:- 905:- 827:, 652:, 622:. 590:. 553:: 534:, 530:: 511:, 507:, 503:: 479:, 475:, 471:: 462:: 453:: 439:: 430:, 426:: 349:, 273:) 208:. 184:, 5815:. 5803:: 5779:. 5773:: 5419:A 5164:U 4363:7 4080:W 3944:6 3905:I 3586:Y 3524:5 3209:V 3115:K 3101:4 3039:S 3016:P 2908:3 2869:F 2866:9 2846:O 2843:8 2823:N 2820:7 2800:C 2797:6 2777:B 2774:5 2749:4 2726:3 2715:2 2696:2 2674:H 2671:1 2659:1 2548:9 2543:8 2538:7 2533:6 2528:5 2523:4 2518:3 2510:2 2505:1 2482:e 2475:t 2468:v 2332:" 2328:" 1499:e 1492:t 1485:v 1045:( 60:.

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