668:
1681:
56:
602:
108:
3160:
1502:
3168:
1907:
1896:
99:
1514:
674:
616:
68:
1701:
1718:
4679:
1689:
1830:, and the shogunate—to make Ryukyu seem as much a distinctive and foreign country as possible. Japanese were prohibited from visiting Ryukyu without shogunal permission, and the Ryukyuans were forbidden from adopting Japanese names, clothes, or customs. They were even forbidden from divulging their knowledge of the Japanese language during their trips to Edo; the Shimazu family,
1577:, "sea bans"), limiting trade with China to tributary states and those with formal authorization, along with the accompanying preferential treatment of the Ming Court towards Ryukyu, allowed the kingdom to flourish and prosper for roughly 150 years. In the late 16th century, however, the kingdom's commercial prosperity fell into decline. The rise of the
1853:, China had a special relationship with the island and the Ryukyu had paid tribute to China for hundreds of years, and the Chinese reserved certain trade rights for them in an amicable and beneficial relationship. Japan ordered tributary relations to end in 1875 after the tribute mission of 1874 was perceived as a show of submission to China.
1333:
period. Hokuzan, which constituted much of the northern half of the island, was the largest in terms of land area and military strength but was economically the weakest of the three. Nanzan constituted the southern portion of the island. Chūzan lay in the center of the island and was economically the
1825:
and those of the shogunate, in trading with China. Ryukyu was a tributary state of China, and since Japan had no formal diplomatic relations with China, it was essential that China not realize that Ryukyu was controlled by Japan. Thus, Satsuma—and the shogunate—was obliged to be mostly hands-off in
1361:
expressed horror when the
Ryukyuans castrated some of their own children to become eunuchs to serve in the Ming imperial palace. Emperor Yongle said that the boys who were castrated were innocent and did not deserve castration, and he returned them to Ryukyu, and instructed the kingdom not to send
1365:
These three principalities (tribal federations led by major chieftains) battled, and Chūzan emerged victorious. The Chūzan leaders were officially recognized by Ming dynasty China as the rightful kings over those of Nanzan and
Hokuzan, thus lending great legitimacy to their claims. The ruler of
1777:
Since Ming China prohibited trade with Japan, the
Satsuma domain, with the blessing of the Tokugawa shogunate, used the trade relations of the kingdom to continue to maintain trade relations with China. Considering that Japan had previously severed ties with most European countries except
1655:(modern-day Tokyo). To avoid giving the Qing any reason for military action against Japan, the king was released two years later and the Ryukyu Kingdom regained a degree of autonomy. However, the Satsuma domain seized control over some territory of the Ryukyu Kingdom, notably the
1643:
took place in 1609, but
Satsuma still allowed the Ryukyu Kingdom to find itself in a period of "dual subordination" to Japan and China, wherein Ryukyuan tributary relations were maintained with both the Tokugawa shogunate and the Chinese court.
1461:
in
Beijing, and formally recognized the authority of the King of Chūzan, allowing the kingdom to trade formally at Ming ports. Ryukyuan ships, often provided by China, traded at ports throughout the region, which included, among others, China,
1357:'s reign. Many Ryukyuan officials were descended from these Chinese immigrants, being born in China or having Chinese grandfathers. They assisted the Ryukyuans in advancing their technology and diplomatic relations. On 30 January 1406, the
1941:. Many royalist supporters fled to China. The king's death in 1901 diminished the historic connections with the former kingdom. With the abolition of the aristocracy after World War II, the Sho family continues to live in Tokyo.
1366:
Chūzan passed his throne to King Hashi; Hashi conquered
Hokuzan in 1416 and Nanzan in 1429, uniting the island of Okinawa for the first time, and founded the first Shō dynasty. Hashi was granted the surname "Shō" (Chinese:
1774:(the China's dynasty that followed Ming after 1644) were formally approved by the shogunate. This was seen to be justified, in part, because of the desire to avoid giving Qing any reason for military action against Japan.
1562:, an official record of diplomatic documents compiled by the kingdom, as having taken place between 1424 and the 1630s, with 61 of them bound for Siam, 10 for Malacca, 10 for Pattani, and 8 for Java, among others.
1456:
China, begun by Chūzan in 1372, and enjoyed by the three
Okinawan kingdoms which followed it. China provided ships for Ryukyu's maritime trade activities, allowed a limited number of Ryukyuans to study at the
1782:, such trade relations proved especially crucial to both the Tokugawa shogunate and Satsuma domain, which would use its power and influence, gained in this way, to help overthrow the shogunate in the 1860s.
1424:, were incorporated into the kingdom as well. While the kingdom's political system was adopted and the authority of Shuri recognized, in the Amami Ōshima Islands, the kingdom's authority over the
4570:(dissertation submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Hawaii in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, January 1967), Gushikawa: Yui Pub.,
4042:
1826:
terms of not visibly or forcibly occupying Ryukyu or controlling the policies and laws there. The situation benefited all three parties involved—the Ryukyu royal government, the
Satsuma
107:
1342:, and Kume-mura, the center of traditional Chinese education. These sites and Chūzan as a whole would continue to form the center of the Ryukyu Kingdom until its abolition.
630:
577:
563:
549:
1405:, who was a grandson of Shō Hashi, died without a male heir, a palatine servant declared he was Toku's adopted son and gained Chinese investiture. This pretender,
977:
6606:
1805:(大仮屋) at Shuri in 1628, and became the base of Ryukyu domination for 250 years, until 1872. The Satsuma Domain's residents can be roughly compared to a European
967:
6752:
1838:
to have a king and an entire kingdom as vassals, Satsuma gained significantly from Ryukyu's exoticness, reinforcing that it was an entirely separate kingdom.
1821:
part of Edo Japan. Though technically under the control of
Satsuma, Ryukyu was given a great degree of autonomy, to best serve the interests of the Satsuma
6747:
4429:
1583:
threat among other factors led to the gradual loss of
Chinese preferential treatment; the kingdom also suffered from increased maritime competition from
3488:
3641:. Vol. 4 of East Asian economic and socio-cultural studies: East Asian maritime history (illustrated ed.). Otto Harrassowitz. p. xiii.
4747:
3470:
1834:
of Satsuma, gained great prestige by putting on a show of parading the King, officials, and other people of Ryukyu to and through Edo. As the only
1345:
Many Chinese people moved to Ryukyu to serve the government or to engage in business during this period . At the request of the Ryukyuan King, the
3520:
4881:
4587:
3246:
1102:
6722:
4690:
1532:—and Chinese products—medicinal herbs, minted coins, glazed ceramics, brocades, textiles—were traded within the kingdom for Southeast Asian
6717:
5654:
5482:
5397:
5136:
1416:
The kingdom extended its authority over the southernmost islands in the Ryukyu archipelago by the end of the 15th century, and by 1571 the
908:
898:
1609:
1155:
4712:
918:
4798:
4328:
5551:
4195:. Vol. 29: October 1, 1878 – September 30, 1880 (illustrated ed.). SIU Press, Ulysses S. Grant Association. p. 165.
1815:(fief): up until the formal annexation of the islands and abolition of the kingdom in 1879, the Ryukyus were not truly considered
6757:
6742:
5869:
3526:
3176:
1659:
island group, which was incorporated into the Satsuma domain and remains a part of Kagoshima Prefecture, not Okinawa Prefecture.
1037:
690:
6712:
5141:
2220:
5921:
5476:
4629:
4200:
3804:
3714:
3646:
3241:
1984:
1112:
713:
703:
5886:
6737:
5106:
4499:
1377:
6374:
3231:
3181:
1097:
4601:
Okamoto, Hiromichi (2008), "Foreign Policy and Maritime Trade in the Early Ming Period Focusing on the Ryukyu Kingdom",
6379:
4478:
3557:
2190:
1854 – Perry returns to Okinawa to sign the Loochoo Compact with the Ryukyuan government. Bettelheim leaves with Perry.
5644:
4660:
4575:
3680:
3612:
1757:
667:
6189:
1917:
1875:. At the same time, the appearance of independence was maintained for diplomatic reasons with Qing China until the
1612:. If successful, Hideyoshi intended to then move against China. As the Ryukyu Kingdom was a tributary state of the
1027:
987:
5587:
5131:
4683:
3675:. Contributions in economics and economic history. Vol. 212 (illustrated ed.). Greenwood. p. 125.
1735:
1148:
4401:
1797:, after Shimazu's Ryukyu invasion in 1609, the Satsuma Clan established a governmental office's branch known as
6166:
5669:
3211:
1883:
on 27 March 1879. The Amami-Ōshima island group which had been integrated into Satsuma Domain became a part of
1739:
6003:
4791:
3495:
3191:
1811:
1680:
1267:
659:
55:
3444:
Nanzan and Hokuzan also entered into tributary relationships with Ming China, in 1380 and 1383 respectively.
6657:
5639:
5627:
5146:
4525:
3216:
1122:
3553:
6520:
6434:
6329:
6244:
6161:
5659:
5531:
5386:
3236:
1107:
204:
1556:. Altogether, 150 voyages between the kingdom and Southeast Asia on Ryukyuan ships were recorded in the
6667:
6582:
6171:
6069:
4652:
3531:
1141:
6359:
1065:
6732:
6637:
6324:
6259:
6249:
6234:
5569:
5516:
5426:
2224:
2172:, arrives in Ryukyu Kingdom. He establishes the first foreign hospital on the island at the Naminoue
1444:
For nearly two hundred years, the Ryukyu Kingdom would thrive as a key player in maritime trade with
1177:
132:
6459:
3779:
2075:, whose rule is called the "Great Days of Chūzan", ascends to the throne. Golden age of the kingdom.
1668:
6727:
6079:
6059:
6024:
5977:
5931:
5283:
5099:
4784:
4621:
4333:
3923:
3313:
3226:
1783:
1779:
1693:
1117:
2234:, formally annexing the islands. Shō Tai is forced to abdicate, but is granted the rank of marquis
67:
6707:
6702:
5957:
5649:
5632:
5622:
5597:
5441:
5167:
4696:
4546:
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1728:
880:
519:
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6592:
6439:
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6084:
5952:
5901:
5833:
5733:
5723:
5521:
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5263:
5192:
3206:
3201:
4190:
4014:
3757:
3670:
3602:
6662:
6642:
6622:
6485:
6449:
6404:
6349:
6141:
6136:
5911:
5858:
5683:
5592:
5561:
5501:
5451:
5233:
5223:
4239:
4236:
3998:
3766:
3704:
3636:
3580:
3259:
3196:
2169:
1007:
5813:
4952:
4721:
4377:
846:
6647:
6566:
6530:
6480:
6339:
6264:
6049:
5926:
5718:
5493:
5471:
5466:
5431:
5373:
4776:
3741:. Working Paper Series (93). Asia Research Institute National University of Singapore: 75.
1884:
1636:
1475:
5035:
4904:
3060:
836:
8:
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6617:
6454:
6444:
6429:
6419:
6384:
6314:
6229:
6199:
6146:
5863:
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5612:
5511:
5506:
5273:
5228:
5187:
5092:
2173:
1458:
932:
515:
1448:
and East Asia. Central to the kingdom's maritime activities was the continuation of the
6571:
6394:
6389:
6354:
6334:
6309:
6304:
6299:
6294:
6289:
6274:
6269:
6214:
6121:
5967:
5838:
5728:
5708:
5664:
5607:
5602:
5579:
5546:
5536:
5526:
5408:
4124:
4116:
4070:
4062:
3950:
3942:
3638:
The East Asian maritime world 1400–1800: its fabrics of power and dynamics of exchanges
2231:
2099:
1988:
1880:
1640:
1617:
1605:
1599:
1251:
1247:
1229:
1051:
997:
860:
493:
467:
196:
113:
6597:
6587:
6550:
6424:
6409:
6284:
6254:
6224:
6219:
6194:
6131:
6126:
6116:
5987:
5936:
5823:
5818:
5541:
5177:
5162:
4656:
4635:
4625:
4571:
4554:
4550:
4529:
4505:
4495:
4474:
4291:
4196:
4128:
4074:
3954:
3810:
3800:
3752:
3710:
3676:
3642:
3608:
3356:
3304:
3286:
2576:
2278:
2079:
1806:
1491:
1479:
1467:
1425:
1201:
941:
214:
200:
1704:
Traditional Ryukyuan clothes in late period, which were much closer to the Japanese
6613:
6577:
6495:
6319:
6089:
6034:
5997:
5972:
5962:
5896:
5848:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5748:
5743:
5436:
5182:
4143:"The Satsuma clan of Japan maintained a local office charged with governing Ryukyu"
4108:
4097:"Early Meiji Policies Towards the Ryukyus and the Taiwanese Aboriginal Territories"
4054:
3932:
3742:
3385:
2216:
2180:
2118:
1876:
1850:
1205:
92:
4720:, Okinawa Convention & Visitors Bureau (OCVBOkinawaFilmOffice), archived from
3872:
2139:
6490:
6239:
6209:
6204:
6064:
6054:
6019:
6009:
5992:
5828:
5783:
5698:
5416:
5391:
5238:
4937:
4856:
4815:
4615:
4489:
4010:
3345:
3264:
3159:
2681:
2521:
2382:
1483:
1429:
1409:, began the Second Shō dynasty. Ryukyu's golden age occurred during the reign of
1243:
750:
595:
369:
247:
171:
4965:
4927:
4270:
3167:
2751:
2637:
2148:
1700:
1558:
1417:
6632:
6414:
6399:
6364:
6104:
5982:
5916:
5788:
5446:
5421:
5326:
5243:
5197:
5063:
4833:
4807:
4517:
4446:
3428:
3325:
3221:
2499:
2338:
2264:
2114:
2092:
2036:
2017:
1663:
1621:
1501:
1495:
1445:
1358:
1354:
1335:
1278:
1221:
1213:
1189:
1185:
1173:
740:
609:
264:
218:
186:
163:
4932:
4112:
3814:
3576:
2659:
2130:
1906:
1895:
6696:
6279:
6044:
6039:
5461:
5319:
5278:
5258:
5073:
4871:
4861:
4762:
4749:
4649:
Visions of Ryukyu: identity and ideology in early-modern thought and politics
4509:
4142:
2455:
2404:
2360:
2209:
2201:
2110:
2028:
1980:
1966:
1962:
1955:
1872:
1868:
1656:
1513:
1321:
1239:
1197:
1193:
870:
774:
726:
696:
673:
623:
480:
144:
117:
98:
5808:
5005:
4639:
2928:
1979:
envoy visits Okinawa, which had been divided into three kingdoms during the
1463:
1401:
and the town as his capital, and constructed Naha harbor. When in 1469 King
6369:
5891:
5853:
5753:
5336:
4922:
4843:
4533:
4271:"The Ryukyus and Taiwan in the East Asian Seas: A Longue Durée Perspective"
4245:
3794:
2615:
2058:
2040:
1976:
1846:
1842:
1771:
1613:
1553:
1518:
1506:
1453:
1398:
1346:
1217:
1181:
760:
511:
231:
159:
152:
136:
73:
4917:
4558:
4436:(沖縄入門, "Introduction to Okinawa"). Tokyo: Chikuma Shobō, 2000, pp. 207–13.
4145:. Naha City Economic and Tourism Department Tourism Division. 29 June 2018
3874:
2592:
2543:
2013:
1381:
292:
6601:
6110:
5906:
5798:
5793:
5713:
5304:
5288:
5040:
4995:
4851:
4828:
3747:
3738:
3082:
2884:
2316:
2194:
2096:
1632:
1629:
1421:
719:
5025:
4970:
4942:
4120:
4096:
3016:
2773:
2703:
2072:
1647:
Occupation occurred fairly quickly, with some fierce fighting, and King
1639:)—to send an expeditionary force to conquer the Ryukyus. The subsequent
1410:
1402:
304:
6156:
6094:
6013:
5253:
5218:
4866:
4738:
4066:
3946:
3432:
2433:
2157:
1742: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1537:
1533:
5050:
5045:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5000:
4990:
4980:
4975:
3126:
3104:
2994:
2972:
2950:
2906:
2861:
2817:
2795:
2205:
2103:
1938:
1648:
328:
316:
6515:
6505:
6074:
5381:
5268:
1809:
in a protectorate. But the kingdom was not considered as part of any
1545:
1487:
1209:
1017:
429:
5030:
4985:
4960:
4912:
4058:
3937:
3918:
3038:
2839:
2725:
2215:
1874 – The last tributary envoy to China is dispatched from Naha. /
2122:
2087:
2065:
2009:
1787:
1717:
1625:
1406:
1295:
798:
568:
6652:
6535:
6525:
6344:
5843:
5115:
4164:
3253:
1879:
abolished the Ryukyu Kingdom when the islands were incorporated as
1587:
1584:
1433:
257:
227:
4300:
The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
2230:
1879 – Japan abolishes Ryukyu Domain and declares the creation of
1529:
1413:, the second king of that dynasty, who reigned from 1478 to 1526.
6545:
6500:
6475:
6029:
5738:
5356:
5309:
5248:
5172:
5126:
4823:
3527:
Department of History – University of California at Santa Barbara
2294:
2184:
2051:
2021:
1951:
1817:
1525:
1449:
1282:
1234:
788:
554:
242:
2109:
1611 – In accordance with the peace treaty, Satsuma annexes the
6627:
6540:
5803:
5703:
5346:
5202:
4678:
4016:
San kokf tsou ran to sets, ou Aperçu général des trois royaumes
3672:
Maritime sector, institutions, and sea power of premodern China
3186:
3145:
2879:
ruled during Satsuma invasion; first king to be Satsuma vassal
2251:
2032:
2002:
1998:
Kingdom, resulting in diplomatic ties between the two kingdoms.
1995:
1933:
1705:
1567:
1397:
Shō Hashi adopted the Chinese hierarchical court system, built
1350:
1308:
1255:
808:
582:
408:
380:
340:
235:
223:
4739:
Comprehensive Database of Archaeological Site Reports in Japan
4491:
East Asia Before the West: Five Centuries of Trade and Tribute
4165:"Nakahara Zenshu: Character and Weapons of the Ryukyu Kingdom"
3879:
Comprehensive Database of Archaeological Site Reports in Japan
2168:(d. 1870), a Hungarian Protestant missionary serving with the
1688:
1353:
to manage oceanic dealings in the kingdom in 1392, during the
5084:
4894:
4889:
3709:(illustrated ed.). Leuven University Press. p. 39.
3635:
Schottenhammer, Angela (2007). Schottenhammer, Angela (ed.).
2477:
2187:
visits the kingdom and establishes a coaling station in Naha.
1928:
1579:
1549:
1471:
1225:
648:
4806:
4043:"The Satsuma-Ryukyu Trade and the Tokugawa Seclusion Policy"
6510:
5351:
5341:
5331:
5314:
4595:, Tokyo: The Tōhō Gakkai (The Institute of Eastern Culture)
4447:"Lew Chew (Loochoo)* - Countries - Office of the Historian"
3873:
Okinawa Prefectural reserve cultural assets center (2012).
3474:
2044:
1339:
4741:, Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties
1972:
1276 – Mongols are violently driven off the island again.
1652:
1541:
3897:
3895:
3832:
3830:
3828:
3826:
3824:
1254:, and the Ryukyuan monarchy was integrated into the new
4216:
3706:
The Origins of Banana-fibre Cloth in the Ryukyus, Japan
1620:
that emerged following Hideyoshi's fall authorized the
3799:. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. p. 137.
3318:
3297:
1593:
1428:
to the south remained for centuries at the level of a
112:
The Ryukyu Kingdom at its maximum extent (present-day
35:
16:
Historical kingdom in Okinawa, Japan from 1429 to 1875
3973:
3892:
3854:
3842:
3821:
4189:
Grant, Ulysses Simpson (2008). Simon, John Y (ed.).
3431:, the Ryukyu Kingdom was not considered part of any
1856:
1216:
despite its small size. The Ryukyu Kingdom became a
4568:'The Government of the Kingdom of Ryukyu, 1609–1872
4382:
4305:
4251:
3961:
1696:, Japan; 98 people with a music band and officials.
1927:The last king of Ryukyu was forced to relocate to
1204:. The Ryukyu Kingdom played a central role in the
4360:Dictionnaire d'histoire et de géographie du Japon
3607:(illustrated ed.). SUNY Press. p. 145.
6694:
4277:. 27 October 2006, translated and abridged from
1915:Ryukyu people depicted in the Chinese paintings
1871:unilaterally declared that the kingdom was then
1277:In the 14th century, small domains scattered on
1238:independence until it was transformed into the
4094:
3556:(in Chinese). Ancient History Institute of the
3427:Although the Ryukyuan king was a vassal of the
3247:Imperial Chinese missions to the Ryukyu Kingdom
2243:
1684:Ryukyu Tribute Ship Folding Screen (circa 1830)
1509:giving authority to the King of Ryukyu to rule.
1439:
4364:Dictionary of History & Geography of Japan
3634:
3571:
3569:
3567:
3131:
3109:
3087:
3065:
3043:
3021:
2999:
2977:
2955:
2933:
2911:
2889:
2866:
2844:
2822:
2800:
2778:
2756:
2730:
2708:
2686:
2664:
2642:
2620:
2597:
2548:
2526:
2504:
2482:
2460:
2438:
2409:
2387:
2365:
2343:
2321:
2299:
2237:
2068:(Kanemaru) establishes the Second Shō dynasty.
1793:The Ryukyuan king was a vassal of the Satsuma
1770:In 1655, tribute relations between Ryukyu and
1349:Chinese sent thirty-six Chinese families from
1326:
1313:
1300:
1287:
433:
423:
385:
346:
269:
28:
6753:States and territories disestablished in 1879
5100:
4792:
3739:"Ryukyu in the Ming Reign Annals 1380s–1580s"
3494:(in Japanese). pp. 23–25. Archived from
3360:
3338:
3329:
1651:was taken prisoner to Kagoshima and later to
1572:
1149:
4471:The Ryukyu Kingdom: Cornerstone of East Asia
4425:
4423:
4421:
4419:
4417:
4415:
4413:
4411:
3990:
3988:
3349:
4692:Brief History of the Uchinanchu (Okinawans)
4494:, New York, NY: Columbia University Press,
4294:Okinawa: the History of an Island People...
4024:, or General overview of the three kingdoms
3912:
3910:
3564:
3366:
1338:, Nanzan was adjacent to the major port of
1320:. This was known as the Three Kingdoms, or
6748:States and territories established in 1429
5107:
5093:
4799:
4785:
4322:
4320:
2193:1866 – The last official mission from the
1156:
1142:
106:
4408:
3985:
3936:
3756:
3746:
3702:
2258:
2121:); Kings of Ryukyu become vassals to the
1758:Learn how and when to remove this message
1272:
4613:
4543:Okinawa: the History of an Island People
4040:
4036:
4034:
4009:
3916:
3907:
3166:
3158:
1699:
1687:
1679:
1524:Japanese products—silver, swords, fans,
1512:
1500:
1281:were unified into three principalities:
4600:
4585:Murai, Shōsuke (2008), "Introduction",
4565:
4522:Ryukyu Kingdom and Province before 1945
4468:
4358:Papinot, Jacques Edmond Joseph (1906),
4357:
4327:Papinot, Jacques Edmond Joseph (2003),
4326:
4317:
4263:
4240:The Secret Royal Martial Arts of Ryukyu
3979:
3901:
3860:
3836:
3177:Foreign relations of the Ryukyu Kingdom
2001:1392 – An envoy from Ryukyu visits the
1994:1389 – An envoy from Ryukyu visits the
1608:asked the Ryukyu Kingdom to aid in his
1250:and dissolved by Japan in 1879 to form
6695:
5142:List of current non-sovereign monarchs
3463:
1675:
5372:
5088:
4780:
4646:
4584:
4188:
4031:
3967:
3848:
3792:
3546:
3242:Joseon missions to the Ryukyu Kingdom
2743:
1176:from 1429 to 1879. It was ruled as a
6723:Former countries in Japanese history
4714:Okinawa Filming Guide Book 2014–2015
4540:
4516:
4487:
4388:
4311:
4302:, May 1959, Vol. 323, No. 1, p. 165.
4257:
4222:
3994:
3736:
3668:
3600:
1740:adding citations to reliable sources
1711:
1334:strongest. Its political capital at
6718:Former countries in Chinese history
4026:] (in French), pp. 169–180
3232:Ryukyuan missions to Imperial China
3182:Foreign relations of Imperial China
1594:Japanese invasion and subordination
13:
5137:List of current sovereign monarchs
3558:Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
3435:due to trade relations with China.
1965:are expelled from Okinawa by King
1954:becomes King of Okinawa, based at
1196:, and extended the kingdom to the
14:
6769:
4671:
4614:Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2002),
4275:Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus
3530:. 24 October 2003. Archived from
2054:'s rebellion against the Kingdom.
2039:. Shō Hashi moves the capital to
1857:Annexation by the Japanese Empire
5655:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
4677:
3486:
1918:Portraits of Periodical Offering
1905:
1894:
1716:
1246:in 1872. The Ryukyu Kingdom was
672:
666:
628:
614:
600:
575:
561:
547:
97:
66:
54:
5132:Imperial, royal and noble ranks
4808:Ryūkyū Kingdom's King of Chūzan
4439:
4394:
4371:
4351:
4284:
4234:Matsuo, Kanenori Sakon (2005).
4228:
4182:
4157:
4135:
4088:
4003:
3866:
3786:
3730:
3696:
3662:
3604:The eunuchs in the Ming dynasty
3438:
1944:
1931:, and was given a compensating
1727:needs additional citations for
1672:, which was published in 1785.
1616:, the request was refused. The
6758:Former monarchies of East Asia
6743:1879 disestablishments in Asia
5114:
4541:——— (1958),
4292:Book Review: "George H. Kerr.
3628:
3601:Tsai, Shih-shan Henry (1996).
3594:
3513:
3480:
3421:
3361:
3330:
3277:
3212:Military of the Ryukyu Kingdom
3163:Location of the Ryukyu Islands
1390:
1372:
1:
6713:Former countries in East Asia
4528:, National Research Council,
4346:] (in French), p. 56
3469:Seisai Tokuchi『日本文学から見た琉歌概論』（
3451:
3192:History of the Ryukyu Islands
1662:The kingdom was described by
1268:History of the Ryukyu Islands
5147:List of monarchy referendums
4526:National Academy of Sciences
4047:The Journal of Asian Studies
3456:
3298:
3217:Ryukyu independence movement
3197:History of Sakishima Islands
2223:" on Miyako Island. / Japan
1440:Golden age of maritime trade
1103:Missions from Imperial China
36:
7:
6738:1429 establishments in Asia
4695:, Uninanchu, archived from
4281:, No. 1084. 24 August 2006.
3919:"Ryukyu and Southeast Asia"
3737:Wade, Geoff (1 July 2007).
3703:Hendrickx, Katrien (2007).
3351:ᠯᡳᠣ ᠴᡳᠣ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ Lio cio gurun
3339:
3319:
3237:Ryukyuan missions to Joseon
3154:
2244:
2204:unilaterally declares King
1841:According to statements by
1420:Islands, to the north near
1380:in 1421, becoming known as
1028:Okinawa Reversion Agreement
10:
6774:
4653:University of Hawaii Press
4461:
3796:Maritime Ryukyu, 1050–1650
3350:
3290:
3144:last King of Ryukyu (then
3132:
3110:
3088:
3066:
3044:
3022:
3000:
2978:
2956:
2934:
2912:
2890:
2867:
2845:
2823:
2801:
2779:
2757:
2731:
2709:
2687:
2665:
2643:
2621:
2598:
2549:
2527:
2505:
2483:
2461:
2439:
2410:
2388:
2366:
2344:
2322:
2300:
2262:
1860:
1597:
1265:
1261:
1098:Missions to Imperial China
434:
424:
386:
347:
270:
29:
6559:
6468:
6182:
5945:
5879:
5691:
5682:
5578:
5560:
5492:
5407:
5365:
5297:
5211:
5155:
5122:
5059:
4951:
4903:
4880:
4842:
4814:
4566:Matsuda, Mitsugu (2001),
4113:10.1017/S0026749X07003034
4041:K. Sakai, Robert (1964).
4022:San kokf tsou ran to sets
3917:Sakamaki, Shunzō (1964).
3308:
2238:
1610:campaign to conquer Korea
1573:
1385:
1367:
1327:
1314:
1301:
1288:
1093:
1064:
1060:
1050:
1036:
1026:
1016:
1006:
996:
986:
976:
966:
962:
954:
940:
931:
927:
917:
907:
897:
879:
869:
859:
855:
845:
835:
831:
821:
807:
797:
787:
783:
773:
759:
749:
745:16616 BC?– 1186 AD?
739:
735:
725:
712:
702:
689:
644:
526:
507:
503:
490:
477:
464:
454:
450:
442:
418:
414:
402:
398:
379:
375:
363:
359:
338:
334:
322:
310:
298:
286:
282:
263:
253:
241:
210:
192:
182:
125:
105:
90:
82:
50:
45:
23:
5284:Self-proclaimed monarchy
4622:Harvard University Press
4473:. University of Hawaii.
4469:Akamine, Mamoru (2016).
4095:Norihito Mizuno (2009).
3924:Journal of Asian Studies
3406:Historical French name:
3270:
3227:Ryukyuan missions to Edo
2270:Kings of Ryukyu Islands
2043:(now part of modern-day
1784:Ryukyuan missions to Edo
479:• Reorganized into
5552:Vatican City (Holy See)
4647:Smits, Gregory (1999),
4488:Kang, David C. (2010),
4378:论战后琉球独立运动及琉球归属问题 – 百度文库
3793:Smits, Gregory (2019).
3412:Historical Dutch name:
3171:Hokuzan, Chūzan, Nanzan
2208:as the "Domain Head of
2166:Bernard Jean Bettelheim
2027:1429 – Chūzan occupies
1961:1272 – Envoys from the
1694:Ryukyuan mission to Edo
151:Tributary state of the
5834:Islands of Refreshment
5264:Legitimacy (political)
4279:Academia Sinica Weekly
3774:Cite journal requires
3376:Great Lew Chew Country
3207:Mudan Incident of 1871
3172:
3164:
2259:List of Ryukyuan kings
2125:of the Satsuma Domain.
1709:
1697:
1685:
1669:Sangoku Tsūran Zusetsu
1565:The Chinese policy of
1521:
1510:
1273:Origins of the Kingdom
5645:Saint Kitts and Nevis
5234:Criticism of monarchy
5224:Abolition of monarchy
3581:National Diet Library
3260:Okinawan martial arts
3170:
3162:
2170:Loochoo Naval Mission
2155:1745 – Completion of
2146:1724 – Completion of
2137:1650 – Completion of
2128:1623 – Completion of
1703:
1691:
1683:
1517:The main building of
1516:
1504:
1232:in 1609 but retained
1208:networks of medieval
1172:was a kingdom in the
1123:Independence movement
193:Common languages
86: Ishinagu no Uta
5477:United Arab Emirates
4686:at Wikimedia Commons
4404:. 26 September 2013.
4290:Goodenough, Ward H.
4101:Modern Asian Studies
3748:10.2139/ssrn.1317152
3525:Luke Roberts at the
3256:(intact royal tombs)
3138:1848 – 11 March 1879
2252:Meiji peerage system
2227:on behalf of Ryukyu.
1885:Kagoshima Prefecture
1736:improve this article
1637:Kagoshima Prefecture
1318:, Southern Mountain)
1292:, Northern Mountain)
1113:Missions from Joseon
1066:Kagoshima Prefecture
978:Civil Administration
955:U. S. administration
704:Early Kaizuka Period
170:Vassal state of the
6673:Trinidad and Tobago
6560:Commonwealth realms
6445:United Baltic Duchy
5588:Antigua and Barbuda
5580:Commonwealth realms
5274:Order of succession
4759: /
4727:on 11 February 2017
4402:"Forgotten Dynasty"
3669:Deng, Gang (1999).
3577:"旧条約彙纂. 第３巻（朝鮮・琉球）"
3560:. 25 December 2018.
3501:on 18 February 2022
2569:
2429:
2271:
2221:friendship monument
2197:visits the kingdom.
2100:invades the kingdom
1985:tributary relations
1676:Tributary relations
1305:, Central Mountain)
1182:imperial Ming China
968:Military Government
881:Japanese Annexation
714:Late Kaizuka Period
456:• Unification
143:Tributary state of
4953:Second Shō dynasty
4763:26.200°N 127.683°E
4617:Japan Encyclopedia
4524:, Washington, DC:
4430:Hamashita, Takeshi
4340:Nobiliare du Japon
4225:, p. 366-367.
3521:"Ryuukyuuan coins"
3202:Hua–Yi distinction
3173:
3165:
3141:Second Shō dynasty
3119:Second Shō dynasty
3097:Second Shō dynasty
3075:Second Shō dynasty
3053:Second Shō dynasty
3031:Second Shō dynasty
3009:Second Shō dynasty
2987:Second Shō dynasty
2965:Second Shō dynasty
2943:Second Shō dynasty
2921:Second Shō dynasty
2899:Second Shō dynasty
2876:Second Shō dynasty
2854:Second Shō dynasty
2832:Second Shō dynasty
2810:Second Shō dynasty
2788:Second Shō dynasty
2766:Second Shō dynasty
2740:Second Shō dynasty
2610:as King of Ryukyu
2577:Chinese characters
2567:
2561:as King of Chūzan
2427:
2279:Chinese characters
2269:
2232:Okinawa Prefecture
2082:annexed by Ryukyu.
2061:invaded by Ryukyu.
1881:Okinawa Prefecture
1863:Ryūkyū Disposition
1849:in a meeting with
1845:imperial official
1710:
1698:
1686:
1618:Tokugawa shogunate
1606:Toyotomi Hideyoshi
1600:Invasion of Ryukyu
1522:
1511:
1466:(Vietnam), Japan,
1452:relationship with
1331:, Three Mountains)
1252:Okinawa Prefecture
1230:invasion of Ryukyu
1108:Missions to Joseon
1070:1953–present
1056:1972–present
1052:Okinawa Prefecture
847:Second Shō dynasty
755:1187?– 1259?
718:300 BC–1100
708:8,000–300 BC
205:Classical Japanese
197:Ryukyuan languages
114:Okinawa Prefecture
6690:
6689:
6686:
6685:
6375:Piedmont-Sardinia
6127:Sip Song Chau Tai
5937:Thirteen Colonies
5678:
5677:
5082:
5081:
4905:First Shō dynasty
4699:on 25 August 2016
4682:Media related to
4631:978-0-674-01753-5
4620:, Cambridge, MA:
4551:Charles Tuttle Co
4451:history.state.gov
4366:] (in French)
4344:Nobility of Japan
4202:978-0-8093-2775-1
4169:Ryukyu Bugei 琉球武芸
3806:978-0-8248-7708-8
3716:978-90-5867-614-6
3648:978-3-447-05474-4
3487:Kikō, Nishizato.
3357:Classical Chinese
3317:
3296:
3152:
3151:
3148:1884–1901)
3061:Shō Sei (r. 1803)
2718:First Shō dynasty
2696:First Shō dynasty
2674:First Shō dynasty
2666:尚金福 shoo chinfuku
2652:First Shō dynasty
2630:First Shō dynasty
2607:First Shō dynasty
2565:
2564:
2558:First Shō dynasty
2536:First Shō dynasty
2425:
2424:
2323:舜馬順熈 shunbajunchi
2179:1852 – Commodore
2085:1609 – (5 April)
2080:Sakishima Islands
1975:1372 – The first
1768:
1767:
1760:
1426:Sakishima Islands
1256:Japanese nobility
1202:Sakishima Islands
1186:Ryukyuan monarchy
1166:
1165:
1131:
1130:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1046:
1045:
1038:Okinawa Reversion
950:
949:
942:Battle of Okinawa
893:
892:
889:
888:
837:First Shō dynasty
817:
816:
769:
768:
765:1260?– 1349
695:pre–10,000
660:History of Ryukyu
654:
653:
640:
639:
636:
635:
588:
587:
404:• 1751–1752
365:• 1666–1673
324:• 1848–1879
312:• 1587–1620
300:• 1477–1526
288:• 1429–1439
215:Ryukyuan religion
201:Classical Chinese
6765:
6733:Island countries
6614:Irish Free State
6380:Poland–Lithuania
5689:
5688:
5640:Papua New Guinea
5370:
5369:
5109:
5102:
5095:
5086:
5085:
4801:
4794:
4787:
4778:
4777:
4774:
4773:
4771:
4770:
4769:
4764:
4760:
4757:
4756:
4755:
4752:
4735:
4734:
4732:
4726:
4719:
4707:
4706:
4704:
4681:
4665:
4651:, Honolulu, HI:
4642:
4609:
4596:
4580:
4561:
4536:
4512:
4501:978-0-23115318-8
4484:
4455:
4454:
4443:
4437:
4427:
4406:
4405:
4398:
4392:
4386:
4380:
4375:
4369:
4367:
4355:
4349:
4347:
4337:
4324:
4315:
4309:
4303:
4288:
4282:
4269:Lin, Man-houng.
4267:
4261:
4255:
4249:
4232:
4226:
4220:
4214:
4213:
4211:
4209:
4186:
4180:
4179:
4177:
4175:
4161:
4155:
4154:
4152:
4150:
4139:
4133:
4132:
4092:
4086:
4085:
4083:
4081:
4038:
4029:
4027:
4011:Klaproth, Julius
4007:
4001:
3992:
3983:
3977:
3971:
3965:
3959:
3958:
3940:
3914:
3905:
3899:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3885:
3870:
3864:
3858:
3852:
3851:, pp. iv–v.
3846:
3840:
3834:
3819:
3818:
3790:
3784:
3783:
3777:
3772:
3770:
3762:
3760:
3750:
3734:
3728:
3727:
3725:
3723:
3700:
3694:
3693:
3691:
3689:
3666:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3655:
3632:
3626:
3625:
3623:
3621:
3598:
3592:
3591:
3589:
3587:
3573:
3562:
3561:
3550:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3539:
3534:on 4 August 2017
3517:
3511:
3510:
3508:
3506:
3500:
3493:
3484:
3478:
3467:
3445:
3442:
3436:
3425:
3419:
3380:
3377:
3374:
3371:
3368:
3364:
3363:
3353:
3352:
3342:
3337:
3333:
3332:
3322:
3312:
3310:
3301:
3295:romanized:
3294:
3292:
3281:
3146:Japanese Marquis
3135:
3134:
3113:
3112:
3091:
3090:
3069:
3068:
3047:
3046:
3025:
3024:
3003:
3002:
2981:
2980:
2959:
2958:
2937:
2936:
2915:
2914:
2893:
2892:
2870:
2869:
2848:
2847:
2826:
2825:
2804:
2803:
2782:
2781:
2760:
2759:
2746:Kanemaru Uchima
2745:
2734:
2733:
2712:
2711:
2690:
2689:
2688:尚泰久 shoo teechuu
2668:
2667:
2646:
2645:
2624:
2623:
2601:
2600:
2570:
2568:Kings of Ryukyu
2566:
2552:
2551:
2530:
2529:
2508:
2507:
2486:
2485:
2464:
2463:
2442:
2441:
2430:
2428:Kings of Chūzan
2426:
2413:
2412:
2391:
2390:
2369:
2368:
2347:
2346:
2325:
2324:
2303:
2302:
2272:
2268:
2249:
2247:
2241:
2240:
2217:Kaiser Wilhelm I
2181:Matthew C. Perry
2119:Satsunan Islands
1909:
1898:
1877:Meiji government
1851:Ulysses S. Grant
1763:
1756:
1752:
1749:
1743:
1720:
1712:
1576:
1575:
1459:Imperial Academy
1392:
1387:
1374:
1369:
1332:
1330:
1329:
1319:
1317:
1316:
1306:
1304:
1303:
1293:
1291:
1290:
1248:formally annexed
1158:
1151:
1144:
1091:
1090:
1062:
1061:
998:Tokara Reversion
964:
963:
929:
928:
919:Pre-World War II
861:Satsuma Invasion
857:
856:
833:
832:
813:1314?–1429
803:1314?–1429
793:1314?–1416
785:
784:
737:
736:
687:
686:
676:
670:
656:
655:
632:
631:
618:
617:
604:
603:
592:
591:
579:
578:
565:
564:
551:
550:
544:
543:
528:
527:
494:Annexed by Japan
468:Satsuma invasion
437:
436:
427:
426:
391:
389:
388:
352:
350:
349:
275:
273:
272:
110:
101:
70:
58:
40:
39:
32:
31:
21:
20:
6773:
6772:
6768:
6767:
6766:
6764:
6763:
6762:
6728:Former kingdoms
6693:
6692:
6691:
6682:
6607:princely states
6555:
6491:Kingdom of Fiji
6464:
6210:Austria-Hungary
6178:
5941:
5875:
5674:
5660:Solomon Islands
5574:
5556:
5488:
5403:
5361:
5293:
5239:Democratization
5207:
5151:
5118:
5113:
5083:
5078:
5055:
4947:
4899:
4876:
4838:
4816:Shunten dynasty
4810:
4805:
4768:26.200; 127.683
4767:
4765:
4761:
4758:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4746:
4745:
4730:
4728:
4724:
4717:
4711:
4702:
4700:
4689:
4674:
4669:
4663:
4632:
4578:
4518:Kerr, George H.
4502:
4481:
4464:
4459:
4458:
4445:
4444:
4440:
4428:
4409:
4400:
4399:
4395:
4387:
4383:
4376:
4372:
4356:
4352:
4331:
4325:
4318:
4310:
4306:
4289:
4285:
4268:
4264:
4256:
4252:
4233:
4229:
4221:
4217:
4207:
4205:
4203:
4187:
4183:
4173:
4171:
4163:
4162:
4158:
4148:
4146:
4141:
4140:
4136:
4093:
4089:
4079:
4077:
4059:10.2307/2050758
4039:
4032:
4008:
4004:
3993:
3986:
3978:
3974:
3966:
3962:
3938:10.2307/2050757
3915:
3908:
3900:
3893:
3883:
3881:
3871:
3867:
3859:
3855:
3847:
3843:
3835:
3822:
3807:
3791:
3787:
3775:
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3764:
3763:
3735:
3731:
3721:
3719:
3717:
3701:
3697:
3687:
3685:
3683:
3667:
3663:
3653:
3651:
3649:
3633:
3629:
3619:
3617:
3615:
3599:
3595:
3585:
3583:
3579:(in Japanese).
3575:
3574:
3565:
3552:
3551:
3547:
3537:
3535:
3519:
3518:
3514:
3504:
3502:
3498:
3491:
3489:"明清交替期の中琉日関係再考"
3485:
3481:
3468:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3448:
3443:
3439:
3426:
3422:
3418:
3378:
3375:
3372:
3369:
3335:
3282:
3278:
3273:
3265:Names of Ryukyu
3157:
2758:尚宣威 shoo shin-i
2644:尚思達 shoo shitaa
2599:尚巴志 shoo hashii
2584:Line or dynasty
2550:尚巴志 shoo hashii
2528:尚思紹 shoo shisoo
2353:Shunten dynasty
2331:Shunten dynasty
2309:Shunten dynasty
2267:
2261:
2235:
1947:
1939:Marquis Shō Tai
1925:
1924:
1923:
1922:
1912:
1911:
1910:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1865:
1859:
1764:
1753:
1747:
1744:
1733:
1721:
1678:
1602:
1596:
1544:, sugar, iron,
1530:folding screens
1442:
1362:eunuchs again.
1324:
1311:
1298:
1285:
1275:
1270:
1264:
1244:Empire of Japan
1178:tributary state
1162:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1118:Missions to Edo
1088:
1080:
1079:
1008:Amami Reversion
992:1952–1972
982:1950–1972
972:1945–1950
958:1945–1972
923:1926–1945
913:1912–1926
903:1879–1912
875:1872–1879
851:1469–1879
841:1429–1469
827:1429–1879
779:1314–1429
751:Shunten dynasty
731:1187–1314
684:
671:
629:
615:
601:
596:Empire of Japan
576:
562:
548:
496:
483:
470:
457:
422:Shuri cabinet (
405:
383:
366:
344:
325:
313:
301:
289:
267:
222:
178:
174:
172:Empire of Japan
166:
155:
147:
139:
133:Tributary state
121:
78:
77:
76:
71:
63:
62:
59:
41:
34:
33:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6771:
6761:
6760:
6755:
6750:
6745:
6740:
6735:
6730:
6725:
6720:
6715:
6710:
6708:Ryukyu Islands
6705:
6703:Ryukyu Kingdom
6688:
6687:
6684:
6683:
6681:
6680:
6675:
6670:
6665:
6660:
6655:
6650:
6645:
6640:
6635:
6630:
6625:
6620:
6611:
6595:
6590:
6585:
6580:
6575:
6569:
6563:
6561:
6557:
6556:
6554:
6553:
6548:
6543:
6538:
6533:
6528:
6523:
6518:
6513:
6508:
6503:
6498:
6493:
6488:
6483:
6478:
6472:
6470:
6466:
6465:
6463:
6462:
6457:
6452:
6447:
6442:
6437:
6432:
6427:
6422:
6417:
6412:
6407:
6402:
6397:
6392:
6387:
6382:
6377:
6372:
6367:
6365:Ottoman Empire
6362:
6357:
6352:
6347:
6342:
6337:
6332:
6327:
6325:Kartli-Kakheti
6322:
6317:
6312:
6307:
6302:
6297:
6292:
6287:
6282:
6277:
6272:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6232:
6227:
6222:
6217:
6212:
6207:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6186:
6184:
6180:
6179:
6177:
6176:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6047:
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6037:
6032:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6007:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5980:
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5965:
5960:
5955:
5949:
5947:
5943:
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5909:
5904:
5899:
5894:
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5866:
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5831:
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5811:
5806:
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5796:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5734:Central Africa
5731:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5695:
5693:
5686:
5680:
5679:
5676:
5675:
5673:
5672:
5670:United Kingdom
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5636:
5635:
5630:
5620:
5615:
5610:
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5469:
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5459:
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5439:
5434:
5429:
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5419:
5413:
5411:
5405:
5404:
5402:
5401:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5378:
5376:
5367:
5363:
5362:
5360:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5327:Prince regnant
5324:
5323:
5322:
5312:
5307:
5301:
5299:
5295:
5294:
5292:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5244:Decolonization
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5215:
5213:
5209:
5208:
5206:
5205:
5200:
5198:Personal union
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5168:Constitutional
5165:
5159:
5157:
5153:
5152:
5150:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5123:
5120:
5119:
5112:
5111:
5104:
5097:
5089:
5080:
5079:
5077:
5076:
5071:
5069:Ryukyu Kingdom
5066:
5064:King of Ryukyu
5060:
5057:
5056:
5054:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
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4957:
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4859:
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4840:
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4826:
4820:
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4812:
4811:
4804:
4803:
4796:
4789:
4781:
4743:
4742:
4736:
4709:
4687:
4684:Ryukyu Kingdom
4673:
4672:External links
4670:
4668:
4667:
4661:
4644:
4630:
4611:
4598:
4582:
4576:
4563:
4538:
4514:
4500:
4485:
4480:978-0824855178
4479:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4457:
4456:
4438:
4434:Okinawa Nyūmon
4407:
4393:
4391:, p. 236.
4381:
4370:
4350:
4316:
4314:, p. 381.
4304:
4283:
4262:
4260:, p. 175.
4250:
4227:
4215:
4201:
4181:
4156:
4134:
4107:(3): 683–739.
4087:
4053:(3): 391–403.
4030:
4002:
3984:
3972:
3960:
3931:(3): 382–384.
3906:
3891:
3865:
3853:
3841:
3820:
3805:
3785:
3776:|journal=
3729:
3715:
3695:
3681:
3661:
3647:
3627:
3613:
3593:
3563:
3545:
3512:
3479:
3471:Musashinoshoin
3461:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3447:
3446:
3437:
3429:Satsuma Domain
3420:
3417:
3416:
3410:
3404:
3382:
3354:
3343:
3340:Ljuw-gjuw kwok
3326:Middle Chinese
3323:
3302:
3283:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3251:
3250:
3249:
3244:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3222:Ryukyu Islands
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3156:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3142:
3139:
3136:
3129:
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3120:
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3107:
3101:
3100:
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3063:
3057:
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3019:
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3007:
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2990:
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2975:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2960:
2953:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2938:
2935:尚質 shoo shichi
2931:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2916:
2909:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2894:
2887:
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2647:
2640:
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2628:
2625:
2618:
2612:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2595:
2589:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2574:
2563:
2562:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2546:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2531:
2524:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2502:
2496:
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2490:
2487:
2480:
2474:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2458:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2440:玉城 tamagushiku
2436:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2414:
2407:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2385:
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2341:
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2329:
2326:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2304:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2276:
2265:King of Ryukyu
2263:Main article:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2255:
2228:
2225:invades Taiwan
2213:
2198:
2191:
2188:
2177:
2162:
2153:
2144:
2135:
2126:
2115:Tokara Islands
2107:
2083:
2076:
2069:
2062:
2055:
2048:
2037:Okinawa Island
2025:
2018:Nakijin Castle
2006:
1999:
1992:
1989:Chinese Empire
1973:
1970:
1959:
1946:
1943:
1914:
1913:
1904:
1903:
1902:
1893:
1892:
1891:
1890:
1889:
1861:Main article:
1858:
1855:
1766:
1765:
1724:
1722:
1715:
1677:
1674:
1664:Hayashi Shihei
1622:Shimazu family
1598:Main article:
1595:
1592:
1552:, and Arabian
1441:
1438:
1436:relationship.
1388:; pinyin:
1384:(Chinese:
1370:; pinyin:
1359:Yongle Emperor
1355:Hongwu emperor
1279:Okinawa Island
1274:
1271:
1263:
1260:
1222:Satsuma Domain
1214:Southeast Asia
1206:maritime trade
1190:Okinawa Island
1188:, who unified
1174:Ryukyu Islands
1170:Ryukyu Kingdom
1164:
1163:
1161:
1160:
1153:
1146:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1129:
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873:
867:
866:
863:
853:
852:
849:
843:
842:
839:
829:
828:
825:
823:Ryukyu Kingdom
819:
818:
815:
814:
811:
805:
804:
801:
795:
794:
791:
781:
780:
777:
771:
770:
767:
766:
763:
757:
756:
753:
747:
746:
743:
741:Tenson dynasty
733:
732:
729:
723:
722:
716:
710:
709:
706:
700:
699:
693:
685:
682:
681:
678:
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663:
662:
652:
651:
646:
642:
641:
638:
637:
634:
633:
626:
620:
619:
612:
610:Satsuma Domain
606:
605:
598:
589:
586:
585:
580:
572:
571:
566:
558:
557:
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540:
539:
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283:
280:
279:
276:
261:
260:
255:
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250:
245:
239:
238:
219:State Religion
212:
208:
207:
199:(indigenous),
194:
190:
189:
184:
180:
179:
177:
176:
168:
164:Satsuma Domain
157:
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141:
129:
127:
123:
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111:
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88:
87:
80:
79:
72:
65:
64:
60:
53:
52:
51:
48:
47:
43:
42:
27:
25:Ryukyu Kingdom
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6770:
6759:
6756:
6754:
6751:
6749:
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6512:
6509:
6507:
6504:
6502:
6499:
6497:
6494:
6492:
6489:
6487:
6486:Easter Island
6484:
6482:
6479:
6477:
6474:
6473:
6471:
6467:
6461:
6458:
6456:
6453:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6426:
6423:
6421:
6418:
6416:
6413:
6411:
6408:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6398:
6396:
6393:
6391:
6388:
6386:
6383:
6381:
6378:
6376:
6373:
6371:
6368:
6366:
6363:
6361:
6358:
6356:
6353:
6351:
6348:
6346:
6343:
6341:
6338:
6336:
6333:
6331:
6328:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6311:
6308:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6187:
6185:
6181:
6174:
6173:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6112:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6025:Jabal Shammar
6023:
6021:
6018:
6015:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6005:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5950:
5948:
5944:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5884:
5882:
5878:
5872:
5871:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5696:
5694:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5681:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5625:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5585:
5583:
5581:
5577:
5571:
5568:
5567:
5565:
5563:
5559:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5517:Liechtenstein
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5499:
5497:
5495:
5491:
5485:
5484:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5414:
5412:
5410:
5406:
5400:
5399:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5379:
5377:
5375:
5371:
5368:
5364:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5321:
5320:Queen regnant
5318:
5317:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5302:
5300:
5296:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5279:Republicanism
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5259:Head of state
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5216:
5214:
5210:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5193:Non-sovereign
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5160:
5158:
5154:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5124:
5121:
5117:
5110:
5105:
5103:
5098:
5096:
5091:
5090:
5087:
5075:
5074:Ryukyu Domain
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5061:
5058:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4958:
4956:
4954:
4950:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4910:
4908:
4906:
4902:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4887:
4885:
4883:
4882:Satto dynasty
4879:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4849:
4847:
4845:
4841:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4821:
4819:
4817:
4813:
4809:
4802:
4797:
4795:
4790:
4788:
4783:
4782:
4779:
4775:
4772:
4740:
4737:
4723:
4716:
4715:
4710:
4698:
4694:
4693:
4688:
4685:
4680:
4676:
4675:
4664:
4662:0-8248-2037-1
4658:
4654:
4650:
4645:
4641:
4637:
4633:
4627:
4623:
4619:
4618:
4612:
4608:
4604:
4603:Acta Asiatica
4599:
4594:
4590:
4589:
4588:Acta Asiatica
4583:
4579:
4577:4-946539-16-6
4573:
4569:
4564:
4560:
4556:
4552:
4548:
4544:
4539:
4535:
4531:
4527:
4523:
4519:
4515:
4511:
4507:
4503:
4497:
4493:
4492:
4486:
4482:
4476:
4472:
4467:
4466:
4452:
4448:
4442:
4435:
4431:
4426:
4424:
4422:
4420:
4418:
4416:
4414:
4412:
4403:
4397:
4390:
4385:
4379:
4374:
4365:
4361:
4354:
4345:
4341:
4335:
4330:
4323:
4321:
4313:
4308:
4301:
4297:
4295:
4287:
4280:
4276:
4272:
4266:
4259:
4254:
4247:
4243:
4242:
4238:
4237:
4231:
4224:
4219:
4204:
4198:
4194:
4193:
4185:
4170:
4166:
4160:
4144:
4138:
4130:
4126:
4122:
4118:
4114:
4110:
4106:
4102:
4098:
4091:
4076:
4072:
4068:
4064:
4060:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4044:
4037:
4035:
4025:
4021:
4018:
4017:
4012:
4006:
4000:
3996:
3991:
3989:
3982:, p. 53.
3981:
3976:
3970:, p. iv.
3969:
3964:
3956:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3930:
3926:
3925:
3920:
3913:
3911:
3904:, p. 36.
3903:
3898:
3896:
3880:
3876:
3869:
3863:, p. 35.
3862:
3857:
3850:
3845:
3839:, p. 16.
3838:
3833:
3831:
3829:
3827:
3825:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3802:
3798:
3797:
3789:
3781:
3768:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3740:
3733:
3718:
3712:
3708:
3707:
3699:
3684:
3682:0-313-30712-1
3678:
3674:
3673:
3665:
3650:
3644:
3640:
3639:
3631:
3616:
3614:0-7914-2687-4
3610:
3606:
3605:
3597:
3582:
3578:
3572:
3570:
3568:
3559:
3555:
3549:
3533:
3529:
3528:
3522:
3516:
3497:
3490:
3483:
3476:
3472:
3466:
3462:
3441:
3434:
3430:
3424:
3415:
3411:
3409:
3405:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3358:
3355:
3347:
3344:
3341:
3327:
3324:
3321:
3315:
3306:
3303:
3300:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3255:
3252:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3239:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3169:
3161:
3147:
3143:
3140:
3137:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3121:
3118:
3115:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3099:
3096:
3093:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3080:
3077:
3074:
3071:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3058:
3055:
3052:
3049:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3033:
3030:
3027:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3011:
3008:
3005:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2989:
2986:
2983:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2970:
2967:
2964:
2961:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2945:
2942:
2939:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2926:
2923:
2920:
2917:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2901:
2898:
2895:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2882:
2878:
2875:
2872:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2856:
2853:
2850:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2837:
2834:
2831:
2828:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2815:
2812:
2809:
2806:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2790:
2787:
2784:
2780:尚真 shoo shin
2777:
2775:
2772:
2771:
2768:
2765:
2762:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2749:
2742:
2739:
2736:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2701:
2698:
2695:
2692:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2679:
2676:
2673:
2670:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2586:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2572:
2571:
2560:
2557:
2554:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2538:
2535:
2532:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2519:
2516:
2514:Satto dynasty
2513:
2510:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2497:
2494:
2492:Satto dynasty
2491:
2488:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2466:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2453:
2450:
2447:
2444:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2421:
2418:
2415:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2349:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2292:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2266:
2253:
2246:
2233:
2229:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2211:
2210:Ryukyu Domain
2207:
2203:
2202:Emperor Meiji
2199:
2196:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2140:Chūzan Seikan
2136:
2133:
2132:
2127:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2105:
2101:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2089:
2084:
2081:
2077:
2074:
2070:
2067:
2063:
2060:
2056:
2053:
2049:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2031:, capital of
2030:
2029:Nanzan Castle
2026:
2023:
2020:, capital of
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2004:
2000:
1997:
1993:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1981:Sanzan period
1978:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1964:
1963:Mongol Empire
1960:
1957:
1956:Urasoe Castle
1953:
1949:
1948:
1942:
1940:
1936:
1935:
1930:
1920:
1919:
1908:
1897:
1888:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1873:Ryukyu Domain
1870:
1869:Emperor Meiji
1864:
1854:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1839:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1824:
1820:
1819:
1814:
1813:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1791:
1789:
1786:for Tokugawa
1785:
1781:
1775:
1773:
1762:
1759:
1751:
1741:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1725:This section
1723:
1719:
1714:
1713:
1707:
1702:
1695:
1690:
1682:
1673:
1671:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1645:
1642:
1638:
1635:(present-day
1634:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1604:Around 1590,
1601:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1582:
1581:
1570:
1569:
1563:
1561:
1560:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1520:
1515:
1508:
1503:
1499:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1437:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1395:
1393:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1363:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1323:
1310:
1297:
1284:
1280:
1269:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1240:Ryukyu Domain
1237:
1236:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1198:Amami Islands
1195:
1194:Sanzan period
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1159:
1154:
1152:
1147:
1145:
1140:
1139:
1137:
1136:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1092:
1084:
1083:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1041:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1009:
1005:
1001:
999:
995:
991:
989:
985:
981:
979:
975:
971:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
945:
943:
939:
936:
934:
930:
926:
922:
920:
916:
912:
910:
906:
902:
900:
896:
884:
882:
878:
874:
872:
871:Ryukyu Domain
868:
864:
862:
858:
854:
850:
848:
844:
840:
838:
834:
830:
826:
824:
820:
812:
810:
806:
802:
800:
796:
792:
790:
786:
782:
778:
776:
772:
764:
762:
758:
754:
752:
748:
744:
742:
738:
734:
730:
728:
727:Gusuku period
724:
721:
717:
715:
711:
707:
705:
701:
698:
694:
692:
688:
680:
679:
675:
669:
665:
664:
661:
658:
657:
650:
647:
645:Today part of
643:
627:
625:
624:Ryukyu Domain
622:
621:
613:
611:
608:
607:
599:
597:
594:
593:
590:
584:
581:
574:
573:
570:
567:
560:
559:
556:
553:
546:
545:
542:
541:
538:
535:
533:
530:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
510:
506:
502:
499:27 March 1879
498:
495:
489:
485:
482:
481:Ryukyu Domain
476:
472:
469:
463:
459:
453:
449:
445:
441:
431:
421:
417:
413:
410:
407:
401:
397:
393:
382:
378:
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371:
368:
362:
358:
354:
343:
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337:
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330:
327:
321:
318:
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309:
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297:
294:
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285:
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266:
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237:
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229:
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209:
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202:
198:
195:
191:
188:
185:
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173:
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165:
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158:
154:
150:
146:
145:Southern Ming
142:
138:
134:
131:
130:
128:
124:
119:
118:Amami Islands
115:
109:
104:
100:
96:
94:
89:
85:
81:
75:
69:
61:Merchant flag
57:
49:
44:
38:
22:
19:
6663:South Africa
6658:Sierra Leone
6605:
6435:Two Sicilies
6370:Papal States
6170:
6109:
6099:
6002:
5868:
5628:Cook Islands
5481:
5467:Saudi Arabia
5396:
5068:
4928:Shō Shitatsu
4844:Eiso dynasty
4744:
4729:, retrieved
4722:the original
4713:
4701:, retrieved
4697:the original
4691:
4648:
4616:
4606:
4602:
4592:
4586:
4567:
4542:
4521:
4490:
4470:
4450:
4441:
4433:
4396:
4384:
4373:
4363:
4359:
4353:
4343:
4339:
4307:
4299:
4293:
4286:
4278:
4274:
4265:
4253:
4246:Google Books
4244:, p. 40, at
4241:
4235:
4230:
4218:
4206:. Retrieved
4191:
4184:
4172:. Retrieved
4168:
4159:
4147:. Retrieved
4137:
4104:
4100:
4090:
4078:. Retrieved
4050:
4046:
4023:
4020:
4015:
4005:
3980:Okamoto 2008
3975:
3963:
3928:
3922:
3902:Okamoto 2008
3882:. Retrieved
3878:
3868:
3861:Okamoto 2008
3856:
3844:
3837:Matsuda 2001
3795:
3788:
3767:cite journal
3732:
3720:. Retrieved
3705:
3698:
3686:. Retrieved
3671:
3664:
3652:. Retrieved
3637:
3630:
3618:. Retrieved
3603:
3596:
3584:. Retrieved
3548:
3536:. Retrieved
3532:the original
3524:
3515:
3503:. Retrieved
3496:the original
3482:
3465:
3440:
3423:
3413:
3407:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3320:Ryūkyū Ōkoku
3299:Ruuchuu-kuku
3279:
3067:尚成 shoo shii
3023:尚穆 shoo buku
3001:尚敬 shoo chii
2979:尚益 shoo ichi
2913:尚賢 shoo chin
2824:尚元 shoo gwan
2802:尚清 shoo shii
2710:尚徳 shoo tuku
2638:Shō Shitatsu
2622:尚忠 shoo chuu
2470:Eiso dynasty
2448:Eiso dynasty
2419:Eiso dynasty
2397:Eiso dynasty
2375:Eiso dynasty
2156:
2149:Chūzan Seifu
2147:
2138:
2129:
2106:is captured.
2095:in southern
2086:
2059:Kikai Island
2041:Shuri Castle
1977:Ming dynasty
1945:Major events
1932:
1926:
1916:
1866:
1847:Li Hongzhang
1840:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1822:
1816:
1810:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1792:
1776:
1772:Qing dynasty
1769:
1754:
1745:
1734:Please help
1729:verification
1726:
1667:
1661:
1657:Amami-Ōshima
1646:
1626:feudal lords
1614:Ming dynasty
1603:
1578:
1566:
1564:
1559:Rekidai Hōan
1557:
1554:frankincense
1523:
1519:Shuri Castle
1454:Ming dynasty
1443:
1418:Amami Ōshima
1415:
1399:Shuri Castle
1396:
1389:
1378:Ming emperor
1371:
1364:
1344:
1276:
1233:
1218:vassal state
1169:
1167:
822:
761:Eiso dynasty
691:Palaeolithic
537:Succeeded by
536:
531:
520:Japanese mon
473:5 April 1609
339:
232:Confucianism
160:Vassal state
153:Qing dynasty
137:Ming dynasty
91:
83:
37:Ruuchuu-kuku
18:
6602:British Raj
6574:(Sri Lanka)
6460:Württemberg
6172:South Yemen
6060:Maguindanao
5953:Afghanistan
5714:Barotseland
5650:Saint Lucia
5623:New Zealand
5532:Netherlands
5305:Chhatrapati
5289:Sovereignty
5229:Aristocracy
4933:Shō Kinpuku
4829:Shunbajunki
4766: /
4731:11 February
4547:Rutland, VT
3884:2 September
3554:"琉球国金石文献述略"
3384:Historical
3133:尚泰 shoo tee
3111:尚育 shoo iku
3089:尚灝 shoo koo
2957:尚貞 shoo tii
2891:尚豊 shoo fuu
2868:尚寧 shoo nii
2660:Shō Kinpuku
2317:Shunbajunki
2250:within the
2195:Qing Empire
2164:1846 – Dr.
2131:Omoro Sōshi
2035:, unifying
2016:, occupies
1799:Zaibankaiya
1526:lacquerware
1391:Shàng Bāzhì
1192:to end the
532:Preceded by
419:Legislature
175:(1872–1879)
167:(1609–1872)
156:(1646–1875)
148:(1644–1646)
140:(1429–1644)
74:Royal crest
6697:Categories
6668:Tanganyika
6583:The Gambia
6511:Niuē-Fekai
6450:Yugoslavia
6350:Montenegro
6157:Upper Yafa
6152:Upper Asir
5789:Madagascar
5522:Luxembourg
5254:Government
5219:Abdication
5188:Hereditary
5116:Monarchies
5006:Shō Shitsu
4938:Shō Taikyū
4913:Shō Shishō
4867:Tamagusuku
4208:11 January
4192:The Papers
3997:, p.
3968:Murai 2008
3875:"東南アジアと琉球"
3849:Murai 2008
3815:1098213229
3722:11 January
3688:4 February
3654:4 February
3620:4 February
3452:References
3408:Liou-tchou
3336:romanized:
3045:尚温 shoo un
2929:Shō Shitsu
2846:尚永 shoo ii
2732:尚圓 shoo in
2682:Shō Taikyū
2522:Shō Shishō
2434:Tamagusuku
2389:大成 teeshii
2301:舜天 shuntin
2219:erects a "
2091:(Lord) of
1801:(在番仮屋) or
1585:Portuguese
1534:sappanwood
1507:Qing China
1505:Seal from
1266:See also:
1228:after the
988:Government
933:Militarism
370:Shō Shōken
254:Government
243:Demonym(s)
93:Royal seal
6638:Mauritius
6531:Rarotonga
6516:Nuku Hiva
6506:Mangareva
6481:Bora Bora
6360:Neuchâtel
6330:Lithuania
6235:Catalonia
6122:Sri Lanka
6075:Manchukuo
6050:Kurdistan
6004:Indonesia
5927:Talamanca
5887:Araucanía
5870:and other
5849:Wassoulou
5593:Australia
5269:Oligarchy
4966:Shō Sen'i
4918:Shō Hashi
4666:, 213 pp.
4581:, 283 pp.
4510:562768984
4389:Kerr 1953
4312:Kerr 1953
4258:Kerr 1953
4223:Kerr 1953
4129:145344717
4075:162751444
3995:Kang 2010
3955:162443515
3477:）,299-300
3457:Citations
3414:Lioe-kioe
3314:romanized
3116:1829–1847
3094:1804–1828
3050:1796–1802
3028:1752–1795
3006:1713–1751
2984:1710–1712
2962:1669–1709
2940:1648–1668
2918:1641–1647
2896:1621–1640
2873:1587–1620
2851:1573–1586
2829:1556–1572
2807:1527–1555
2785:1477–1526
2752:Shō Sen'i
2737:1470–1476
2715:1461–1469
2693:1454–1460
2671:1450–1453
2649:1443–1449
2627:1440–1442
2604:1429–1439
2593:Shō Hashi
2555:1422–1429
2544:Shō Hashi
2533:1407–1421
2511:1398–1406
2489:1355–1397
2467:1337–1354
2445:1314–1336
2416:1309–1313
2394:1300–1308
2372:1260–1299
2350:1249–1259
2328:1238–1248
2306:1187–1237
2174:Gokoku-ji
2014:Shō Hashi
2012:, led by
1987:with the
1983:. Formal
1867:In 1872,
1780:the Dutch
1548:, Indian
1546:ambergris
1488:Palembang
1450:tributary
1446:Southeast
1430:tributary
1382:Shō Hashi
1376:) by the
1210:East Asia
1018:Koza riot
430:Sanshikan
293:Shō Hashi
211:Religion
46:1429–1879
6653:Rhodesia
6648:Pakistan
6567:Barbados
6536:Rimatara
6526:Rapa Iti
6455:Valencia
6430:Tavolara
6420:Scotland
6385:Portugal
6345:Moldavia
6230:Bulgaria
6225:Brittany
6200:Asturias
6080:Mongolia
6070:Maldives
5932:Trinidad
5922:Suriname
5880:Americas
5864:Zimbabwe
5859:Zanzibar
5844:Wituland
5819:Ngazidja
5814:Ndzuwani
5749:Ethiopia
5472:Thailand
5452:Malaysia
5432:Cambodia
5382:Eswatini
5178:Elective
5163:Absolute
5026:Shō Boku
4971:Shō Shin
4943:Shō Toku
4754:127°41′E
4640:48943301
4520:(1953),
4121:20488100
4080:23 March
4013:(1832),
3586:20 April
3390:Lew Chew
3305:Japanese
3287:Okinawan
3254:Tamaudun
3155:See also
3017:Shō Boku
2774:Shō Shin
2704:Shō Toku
2506:武寧 bunii
2484:察度 sattu
2462:西威 see-i
2345:義本 gifun
2073:Shō Shin
2005:Kingdom.
1937:rank as
1807:resident
1803:Ufukaiya
1748:May 2013
1692:An 1832
1641:invasion
1464:Đại Việt
1434:suzerain
1411:Shō Shin
1403:Shō Toku
512:Ryukyuan
508:Currency
305:Shō Shin
258:Monarchy
248:Ryukyuan
228:Buddhism
116:and the
6643:Nigeria
6618:Ireland
6546:Tahuata
6521:Raiatea
6501:Huahine
6476:Abemama
6469:Oceania
6440:Tuscany
6395:Romania
6390:Prussia
6355:Navarre
6335:Majorca
6315:Ireland
6310:Imereti
6305:Iceland
6300:Hungary
6295:Hanover
6290:Granada
6280:Germany
6275:Georgia
6270:Galicia
6260:Finland
6250:Corsica
6245:Cilicia
6215:Bavaria
6205:Austria
6190:Albania
6162:Vietnam
6105:Sarawak
6095:Qu'aiti
6030:Kathiri
5993:Dapitan
5968:Bukhara
5917:Miskito
5839:Tunisia
5829:Shilluk
5739:Dahomey
5729:Burundi
5719:Bagirmi
5699:Adamawa
5618:Jamaica
5613:Grenada
5598:Bahamas
5562:Oceania
5512:Denmark
5507:Belgium
5502:Andorra
5417:Bahrain
5392:Morocco
5387:Lesotho
5366:Current
5357:Pharaoh
5310:Emperor
5249:Dynasty
5203:Regency
5183:Federal
5173:Diarchy
5127:Monarch
5051:Shō Tai
5046:Shō Iku
5036:Shō Sei
5021:Shō Kei
5016:Shō Eki
5011:Shō Tei
5001:Shō Ken
4991:Shō Nei
4981:Shō Gen
4976:Shō Sei
4923:Shō Chū
4824:Shunten
4751:26°12′N
4703:30 June
4534:5455582
4462:Sources
4174:8 April
4067:2050758
3947:2050757
3758:1317152
3402:Loochoo
3394:Lewchew
3388:names:
3386:English
3370:
3316::
3127:Shō Tai
3105:Shō Iku
2995:Shō Kei
2973:Shō Eki
2951:Shō Tei
2907:Shō Ken
2862:Shō Nei
2818:Shō Gen
2796:Shō Sei
2616:Shō Chū
2411:英慈 eeji
2367:英祖 eeso
2295:Shunten
2286:Dynasty
2245:kōshaku
2206:Shō Tai
2200:1872 –
2185:US Navy
2183:of the
2176:Temple.
2104:Shō Nei
2102:. King
2093:Satsuma
2078:1500 –
2071:1477 –
2064:1470 –
2057:1466 –
2052:Amawari
2050:1458 –
2022:Hokuzan
2008:1416 –
1952:Shunten
1950:1187 –
1832:daimyōs
1818:de jure
1649:Shō Nei
1630:Satsuma
1628:of the
1588:traders
1496:Sumatra
1484:Pattani
1480:Malacca
1283:Hokuzan
1262:History
1242:by the
1235:de jure
1220:of the
1184:by the
789:Hokuzan
683:Periods
555:Hokuzan
516:Chinese
492:•
466:•
443:History
329:Shō Tai
317:Shō Nei
183:Capital
135:of the
84:Anthem:
6678:Uganda
6628:Malawi
6593:Guyana
6572:Ceylon
6551:Tahiti
6541:Rurutu
6496:Hawaii
6425:Serbia
6410:Saxony
6400:Russia
6285:Greece
6265:France
6255:Cyprus
6240:Crimea
6220:Bosnia
6195:Aragon
6183:Europe
6147:Taiwan
6117:Sikkim
6100:Ryukyu
6085:Najran
5983:Chehab
5963:Bengal
5912:Mexico
5897:Brazil
5824:Rwanda
5804:Maravi
5704:Ankole
5692:Africa
5684:Former
5665:Tuvalu
5608:Canada
5603:Belize
5547:Sweden
5537:Norway
5527:Monaco
5494:Europe
5447:Kuwait
5442:Jordan
5427:Brunei
5422:Bhutan
5374:Africa
5347:Sultan
5298:Titles
5212:Topics
5041:Shō Kō
5031:Shō On
4996:Shō Hō
4986:Shō Ei
4961:Shō En
4857:Taisei
4659:
4638:
4628:
4574:
4559:722356
4557:
4532:
4508:
4498:
4477:
4199:
4149:20 May
4127:
4119:
4073:
4065:
3953:
3945:
3813:
3803:
3755:
3713:
3679:
3645:
3611:
3538:1 June
3505:17 May
3400:, and
3348::
3346:Manchu
3187:Gusuku
3083:Shō Kō
3039:Shō On
2885:Shō Hō
2840:Shō Ei
2744:a.k.a.
2726:Shō En
2587:Notes
2383:Taisei
2289:Notes
2123:daimyō
2097:Kyūshū
2088:Daimyō
2066:Shō En
2033:Nanzan
2010:Chūzan
2003:Joseon
1996:Goryeo
1991:begin.
1934:kazoku
1828:daimyō
1823:daimyō
1795:daimyō
1788:Shōgun
1706:kimono
1633:domain
1568:haijin
1540:horn,
1494:, and
1422:Kyūshū
1407:Shō En
1351:Fujian
1322:Sanzan
1309:Nanzan
1307:, and
1296:Chūzan
1087:Topics
909:Taishō
809:Nanzan
799:Chūzan
775:Sanzan
583:Nanzan
569:Chūzan
518:, and
446:
409:Sai On
394:
381:Regent
355:
341:Sessei
278:
236:Taoism
224:Shinto
126:Status
6633:Malta
6623:Kenya
6598:India
6588:Ghana
6415:Savoy
6405:Samos
6320:Italy
6167:Yemen
6142:Tibet
6137:Syria
6090:Nepal
6065:Mahra
6045:Kumul
6040:Korea
6035:Khiva
6014:Qajar
5998:Hejaz
5988:China
5973:Burma
5902:Haiti
5892:Aztec
5809:Mwali
5799:Maore
5779:Libya
5774:Kongo
5769:Kaffa
5764:Gumma
5759:Gomma
5754:Ghana
5744:Egypt
5724:Bornu
5709:Aussa
5570:Tonga
5542:Spain
5462:Qatar
5437:Japan
4895:Bunei
4890:Satto
4834:Gihon
4725:(PDF)
4718:(PDF)
4362:[
4342:[
4329:"Sho"
4125:S2CID
4117:JSTOR
4071:S2CID
4063:JSTOR
4019:[
3951:S2CID
3943:JSTOR
3499:(PDF)
3492:(PDF)
3398:Luchu
3271:Notes
2581:Reign
2500:Bunei
2478:Satto
2339:Gihon
2283:Reign
2158:Kyūyō
2111:Amami
1929:Tokyo
1580:wokou
1550:ivory
1538:rhino
1476:Luzon
1472:Korea
1373:Shàng
1336:Shuri
1226:Japan
899:Meiji
649:Japan
522:coins
187:Shuri
6578:Fiji
6132:Sulu
6111:Shan
6055:Laos
6020:Iraq
6010:Iran
5978:Cebu
5958:Asir
5946:Asia
5907:Inca
5854:Yeke
5794:Mali
5784:Luba
5633:Niue
5483:list
5457:Oman
5409:Asia
5398:list
5352:Shah
5342:Tsar
5337:khan
5332:Raja
5315:King
5156:Type
4872:Seii
4862:Eiji
4852:Eiso
4733:2017
4705:2007
4657:ISBN
4636:OCLC
4626:ISBN
4572:ISBN
4555:OCLC
4530:OCLC
4506:OCLC
4496:ISBN
4475:ISBN
4336:@60)
4210:2011
4197:ISBN
4176:2015
4151:2021
4082:2011
3886:2016
3811:OCLC
3801:ISBN
3780:help
3753:SSRN
3724:2011
3711:ISBN
3690:2011
3677:ISBN
3656:2011
3643:ISBN
3622:2011
3609:ISBN
3588:2021
3540:2017
3507:2021
3475:1972
3367:lit.
3362:大琉球國
3309:琉球王国
3072:1803
2763:1477
2573:Name
2456:Seii
2405:Eiji
2361:Eiso
2275:Name
2113:and
2045:Naha
1967:Eiso
1843:Qing
1492:Siam
1468:Java
1347:Ming
1340:Naha
1212:and
1200:and
1168:The
1042:1972
1032:1971
1022:1970
1012:1953
1002:1952
946:1945
885:1879
865:1609
486:1872
460:1429
425:首里王府
265:King
6340:Man
4334:PDF
4109:doi
4055:doi
3933:doi
3743:doi
3433:Han
3331:琉球國
3291:琉球國
1836:han
1812:han
1738:by
1666:in
1653:Edo
1542:tin
1394:).
1386:尚巴志
1224:of
1180:of
435:三司官
428:),
162:of
30:琉球國
6699::
6616:/
6604:,
4655:,
4634:,
4624:,
4607:95
4605:,
4593:95
4591:,
4553:,
4549::
4545:,
4504:,
4449:.
4432:.
4410:^
4338:,
4319:^
4298:,
4273:,
4167:.
4123:.
4115:.
4105:43
4103:.
4099:.
4069:.
4061:.
4051:23
4049:.
4045:.
4033:^
3999:81
3987:^
3949:.
3941:.
3929:23
3927:.
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