Real ID Act - Knowledge

541:, the provisions regarding identification documents were originally intended to take effect in 2008, but enforcement was repeatedly delayed due to widespread opposition and refusal by many state governments to implement them. Eventually states began to comply in 2012, and enforcement began in 2014 for certain federal facilities. After numerous extensions, by 2020, all states were certified as compliant, and by 2024, all territories were certified. As of 2024, the implementation's final and most significant phase, regarding identification documents accepted for boarding flights, was scheduled for May 7, 2025, after being postponed many times. In 2024, the TSA proposed to delay full enforcement of the rule until 2027. 2445: 47: 2423: 2477: 2843:. The Senate passed H.R.1268 on April 21, 2005, without the Real ID Act. However, the Real ID Act was reinserted in the conference report on H.R.1268 and was then passed by the House on May 5, 2005, by a 368–58 vote and unanimously by the Senate on May 10, 2005. The Senate never discussed or voted on the Real ID Act specifically and no Senate committee hearings were conducted on the Real ID Act prior to its passage. Critics charged that this procedure was undemocratic and that the bill's proponents avoided a substantive debate on a far-reaching piece of legislation by attaching it to a "must-pass" bill. 1672: 3197:

judicial review amounted to an unconstitutional delegation of legislative power and whether the "grant of waiver authority violates Article I's requirement that a duly-enacted law may be repealed only by legislation approved by both Houses of Congress and presented to the President". On April 17, 2008, numerous amicus briefs "supporting the petition were filed on behalf of 14 members of Congress, a diverse coalition of conservation, religious and Native American organizations, and 28 law professors and constitutional scholars". The Supreme Court denied the petition on June 23, 2008.

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individual constitutional rights. Concerning the Tenth Amendment argument about the violation of states' constitutional rights, the DHS rule acknowledged that these concerns had been raised by several individual commenters and in the comments by some states. The DHS rule did not attempt to rebuff the Tenth Amendment argument directly, but said that the DHS was acting in accordance with the authority granted to it by the Real ID Act and that DHS had been and would be working closely with the states on the implementation of the Real ID Act.

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May 11, 2011. Documents issued by states and territories that were certified as compliant or that were granted an extension would continue to be accepted, even if the documents themselves did not satisfy the standards, until December 1, 2014, for people born after December 1, 1964, or until December 1, 2017, for others. After these last deadlines, identification documents themselves would have to satisfy the standards to be accepted by federal agencies.

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little regard to whether the evidence can realistically be obtained and the discretion to deny claims based on such subjective factors as 'demeanor'. Critics said the reason for putting such asylum restrictions into what was being sold as an anti-terrorism bill was unclear, given that suspected terrorists are already barred from obtaining asylum or any other immigration benefit".

2562: 846:. It authorized immigration judges to require that applicants present evidence for their asylum claim, if available, in addition to their testimony and to determine the credibility of witnesses based on their demeanor, plausibility, and consistency. The law also eliminated the numerical limit on individuals granted asylum, previously set at 10,000 per year. 3300:

Act placed more emphasis on applicant account discrepancies to determine asylum seekers as "incredible" and discretion on additional corroboration requirements, which discounted potential trauma-related psychological and other barriers related to persecution that might affect testimony accounts. Additionally, a 2005 article in

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final rule regarding the Real ID Act implementation, countered that the security precautions regarding handling sensitive personal data and hiring workers for this task, which were specified in the Real ID Act and in the rule, provided sufficient protections against unauthorized use and theft of such personal data.

1070:, on April 27, 2020, the extended deadline after which identification documents would have to satisfy the Real ID Act standards to be accepted by federal agencies was again extended, by one year to October 1, 2021. On May 3, 2021, it was extended to May 3, 2023,; on December 5, 2022, it was extended to May 7, 2025. 3299:

Many immigrant and civil rights advocates felt that the changes related to evidentiary standards and the immigration officers' discretion in asylum cases, contained in the Real ID Act, would prevent many legitimate asylum seekers from obtaining asylum. For example, scholars pointed to how the Real ID

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is unique in that it only offers enhanced and non-compliant versions, making its residents who are not U.S. nationals ineligible for compliant state-issued identification documents. It is also the only state that does not offer any document with a Real ID star symbol, even though its enhanced version

2526:. The non-compliant version has a text stating that it is not valid for federal purposes, but it can still be used to drive or as local identification, so it is useful for applicants who are ineligible or do not wish to provide all documentation required for a compliant version in their jurisdiction. 3160:

The DHS's final rule regarding the implementation of the Real ID Act discussed several constitutional concerns raised by the commenters on the proposed version of this rule. The DHS explicitly rejected the assertion that the implementation of the Real ID Act would lead to violations of the citizens'

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Despite the impending deadline, the adoption of Real ID-compliant licenses has been slow. As of January 2024, only 56% of all driver's licenses in circulation were Real ID-compliant. In 22 states, the compliance rate was below 40%. The delay in implementation raises questions about the effectiveness

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On March 7, 2011, DHS extended the deadline for states and territories to become compliant to January 15, 2013, but all identification documents continued to be accepted during 2013. On December 29, 2014, DHS extended the deadline for documents to satisfy the standards to October 1, 2020, regardless

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The Real ID Act, enacted on May 11, 2005, specified that after three years, from May 11, 2008, federal agencies would no longer accept identification documents that did not satisfy the standards. However, due to widespread opposition and refusal by many state governments to implement the provisions,

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On January 29, 2008, DHS issued the Real ID regulations, specifying a gradual implementation schedule. Until May 11, 2008, states and territories would have to comply with the Real ID Act or request an extension, valid until December 31, 2009, and they could later request an additional extension to

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There was disagreement about whether the Real ID Act instituted a "national identification card" system. The new law only set forth national standards, but left the issuance of cards and the maintenance of databases in state hands; therefore, the Department of Homeland Security claimed that it was

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wrote in a February 2008 article: "A person not possessing a Real ID Act-compliant identification card could not enter any federal building or an office of their congressman or senator or the U.S. Capitol. This effectively denies that person their fundamental rights to assembly and to petition the

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unanimously passed a resolution opposing the Real ID Act. The resolution stated that Real ID was "in opposition to the Jeffersonian principles of individual liberty, free markets, and limited government", and that "the use of identification-based security cannot be justified as part of a 'layered'

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resulting in their identification documents not being accepted for accessing federal facilities during some periods. However, from 2018 all states and territories were compliant or continuously maintained extensions, so their identification documents remained accepted for boarding airline flights.

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The Real ID Act prohibits federal agencies from accepting driver licenses and identification cards issued by U.S. states and territories that do not satisfy certain standards for accessing federal government facilities and nuclear power plants and boarding airline flights within the United States.

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Similarly, some immigration and human rights advocacy groups maintained that the Real ID Act provided an overly broad definition of "terrorist activity" that would prevent some deserving categories of applicants from gaining asylum or refugee status in the United States. A November 2007 report by

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stated, "The bill also contained changes to asylum standards, which according to LCCR, would prevent many legitimate asylum seekers from obtaining safe haven in the United States. These changes gave immigration officials broad discretion to demand certain evidence to support an asylum claim, with

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game, or buy a gun. The private sector could begin mandating a Real ID to perform countless commercial and financial activities, such as renting a DVD or buying car insurance. Real ID cards would become a necessity, making them de facto national IDs". However, government-issued identification was

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Many advocacy groups and individual opponents of the Real ID Act believed that having a Real ID-compliant identification might become a requirement for various basic tasks. A January 2008 statement by the ACLU of Maryland said: "The law places no limits on potential required uses for Real IDs. In

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said: "Because Congress held no hearings or meaningful debate on the legislation and amended it to a must-pass spending bill, the Real ID Act did not receive the scrutiny necessary for most measures, and most certainly not the level required for a measure of this importance and impact. Consistent

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DHS began certifying states as compliant in 2012. Adoption slowed after 2013 but increased significantly in 2018 and 2019, as the final phase of implementation approached and states were faced with potential air travel restrictions for their residents. DHS completed certification of all states by

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Many privacy rights advocates charged that by creating a national system electronically storing vast amounts of detailed personal data about individuals, the Real ID Act increased the chance of such data being stolen and thus raised the risk of identity theft. The Bush administration, in the DHS

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After the deadlines only identification documents issued by states and territories that were certified as compliant with the Real ID Act or granted an extension were accepted after the deadlines. Between 2014 and 2018, some states and territories were not compliant and did not have an extension,

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The Real ID Act requires that states and territories include an individual's gender on each driver license and identification card issued. As of 2022, all states and territories allowed individuals to change their gender on identification documents to either male or female, and many states also

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In the 2012 Florida Legislative Session, the anti-Real-ID bill HB 109 and its Senate companion S 220 were introduced. Named the Florida Driver's License Citizen Protection Act, it would require discontinuation of several of the federally mandated provisions of the Real ID Act and destruction of

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on privacy-related issues, released a statement regarding the Department of Homeland Security's proposed rules for the standardization of state driver licenses on May 7, 2007. The committee stated that "Given that these issues have not received adequate consideration, the Committee feels it is

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to hear their "constitutional challenge to the Secretary's decision waiving nineteen federal laws, and all state and local legal requirements related to them, in connection with the construction of a barrier along a portion of the border with Mexico". They questioned whether the preclusion of

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The above list is not exhaustive. Alternative forms of identification may be accepted in special circumstances, and passengers without any acceptable identification document may still be allowed to board flights after completing an identity verification process. From May 7, 2025, however, an

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The state or territory must confirm that any existing identification document of the applicant issued by another state or territory is terminated; limit the validity of identification documents to eight years; implement background checks and fraud prevention programs for employees issuing

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The Real ID Act requires that states and territories share their ID databases with each other, but this requirement was not included in the DHS certification criteria. The system used to share ID databases was implemented in 2015. As of 2024, 41 states were participating in this system.

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In 2008, Cindy Southworth, technology project director for the National Network to End Domestic Violence, noted a "conundrum" in the mission "to identify people who are dangerous, such as terrorists, and at the same time, in a way that keeps everyday citizens and victims safe." The

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important that the following comments do not constitute an endorsement of REAL ID or the regulations as workable or appropriate", and "The issues pose serious risks to an individual's privacy and, without amelioration, could undermine the stated goals of the REAL ID Act".

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are widely used as a form of identification. Before the Real ID Act, each state and territory set its own rules regarding issuing such cards, including what documents must be provided to obtain one, what information was displayed on the card, and its security features.

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The person applying for an identification document must provide documentation of the person's full name, date of birth, and residential address; a Social Security number or documentation that the person is not eligible for one; and documentation that the person is a

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peoples. Due to the construction of the border barrier, the flow of water declined precipitously from March 2020, and threatened the cultural landscape as well as the two endangered species, along with other desert animals and plants that relied on the water.

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activities, including members of terrorist organizations, of groups that endorsed their activities or who had received military training from them. It also prohibited those found inadmissible from seeking judicial review of their deportation orders through

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In September 2024, the TSA announced plans to delay the full implementation of the Real ID Act again. The original deadline, set for May 2025, has been proposed to be extended to May 2027. This marks a significant delay for a law that was enacted in 2005.

514:. The requirements include verification of the personal information presented when applying for the identification document, security features on the document, and electronic sharing of databases between states. The act also made various modifications to 2899:

Act, which would replace the Real ID Act with a similar law without some of the requirements that were considered excessive, such as the obligation to verify documents with the issuing authority and shared databases. The bill passed the

624:). The bill would repeal the provisions regarding identification documents in IRTPA, replace them with a version that would set the federal standards directly rather than in negotiation with the states, and would make various changes to 3262:

was that the implementation of the Real ID Act would make it substantially easier for the government to track numerous activities of Americans and conduct surveillance. Supporters of the Real ID Act, such as the conservative think-tank

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and identification document security standards, to prevent terrorists from abusing the asylum laws of the United States, to unify terrorism-related grounds for inadmissibility and removal, and to ensure expeditious construction of the

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The system used to share databases of identification documents between states and territories is the State-to-State (S2S) Verification Service, supported by the State Pointer Exchange Services (SPEXS) platform, developed by the

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offered the option of gender-neutral marker X. The requirements for changing the recorded gender varied by jurisdiction, from merely a personal request to additional documentation such as a court order or proof of surgery.

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The state or territory must capture a photograph of the applicant, store digital images of the documents presented by the applicant, and verify the documents directly with the authorities that issued them. For example, the

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lawmakers believed that the law would do more harm than good, they were concerned that it would create bureaucratic problems, threaten individual privacy, it could make citizens more vulnerable to ID theft, and would cost

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The last section of the Real ID Act allocated up to 50,000 previously unused employment-based immigration visas for new applicants to work as physical therapists, nurses, or with exceptional ability in sciences or arts.

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States and territories are still allowed to issue identification documents that do not satisfy the Real ID requirements, but in this case, the document must state that it may not be accepted for federal purposes.

8398: 740:, such as their Social Security card. In states that chose not to require such documentation, applicants were still required to provide their Social Security number, which states would verify directly with the 2501:

Most states and territories decided to offer two versions of identification documents, one compliant with the Real ID requirements and one not compliant. The compliant version is marked with a gold or black

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identification documents; maintain an electronic database of identification documents issued, including driver histories and violations, and provide access to it to all other states and territories.

802: 821:(AAMVA) with federal funds. Although the Real ID Act requires that states and territories share their databases, this requirement was not included in the DHS criteria to certify their compliance. 8742: 6124: 6788: 2870:, which provided more regulatory flexibility with state participation. Seven Democratic and Republican senators cosponsored the bill. Committee hearings were held but the bill did not advance. 3287:

Some scholars criticized the inclusion of gender markers in identification documents, pointing to the ineffectiveness of gender in confirming a person's identity or due to privacy concerns of

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merging the bill versions, including the Real ID Act added by the House and the visa sections added by the Senate, was agreed to by both houses, and the bill was signed into law by President

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The identification document must display the person's full name, date of birth, gender, photograph, address, signature, document number, security features, and machine-readable technology.

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already required to perform some of these tasks; for example, two forms of identification – usually a driver's license, passport, or Social Security card – were required by the

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in 2011 in protest of the Real ID Act. After being ticketed, Wyllie argued in court that Florida's identification laws violated his privacy rights; a judge rejected this claim.

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Highlighting the broad diversity of the coalition opposing Title II of the Real ID Act, the American Center for Law and Justice (ACLJ), founded by evangelical Christian

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challenging the Real ID Act. The amended complaint alleged that this unprecedented authority violated the fundamental separation of powers principles enshrined in the

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amended the Real ID Act to accept electronic versions of identification documents, and to exempt states from requiring applicants to provide documentation of their

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October 10, 2015: areas of federal facilities accessible to the general public with identification at facility security levels 3, 4, and 5, and military facilities

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security system if the costs of the identification 'layer'—in dollars, lost privacy, and lost liberty—are greater than the security identification provides".

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Enforcement based on the issuing state or territory finally began in 2014 and 2015 for accessing federal facilities and in 2018 for boarding airline flights:

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raised this criticism specifically in relation to former child soldiers who had been forcibly and illegally recruited to participate in an armed group.

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copies of U.S. citizens' documents from the government database. That bill died in the Transportation and Highway Safety Subcommittee on March 9, 2012.

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and other opponents of illegal immigration. However, it faced criticism from across the political spectrum, including from libertarian groups, like the

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The Save Our Small and Seasonal Businesses Act of 2005, added to the Real ID Act during its congressional passage, allowed foreign nationals who had an

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Driver license or identification card issued by the U.S. Department of State for foreign diplomatic and consular officers and their eligible dependents

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for temporary workers in any of the previous three years to apply as returning workers without counting toward the annual limit of that visa category.

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The House approved the original Real ID Act, H.R.418, on February 10, 2005, by a vote of 261–161. At the insistence of the bill's sponsor and then

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with the lack of debate and discussion, conference negotiations also were held behind closed doors, with Democrats prevented from participating."

6774: 6584: 6268: 2665: 275: 8608: 8224: 7836: 7831: 7566: 7338: 7308: 6957: 6598: 6570: 5074: 2820: 2733:; state-level opposition groups, such as North Carolinians Against Real ID and government accountability groups in Florida; labor groups, like 780: 263: 6368: 3809: 8053: 8033: 7817: 6999: 6730: 6663: 6542: 602: 598: 4280: 8388: 8378: 7366: 7345: 7278: 6985: 6744: 6633: 6577: 3944:, Minimum Standards for Driver's Licenses and Identification Cards Acceptable by Federal Agencies for Official Purposes, December 29, 2014. 2794: 5491: 4845: 3796:, Minimum Standards for Driver's Licenses and Identification Cards Acceptable by Federal Agencies for Official Purposes, January 29, 2008. 3267:, dismissed this criticism under the grounds that states would be permitted by law to share data only when validating someone's identity. 2584:

Driver license or identification card issued by a U.S. state or territory (from May 7, 2025, only if compliant with the Real ID standards)

8583: 8244: 7292: 7193: 6901: 6605: 6361: 4297: 3921: 4281:"Florida Becomes the 38th State to Join State-To-State Verification Service (S2S) and 8th State to Join S2S Driver History Record (DHR)" 2866:) introduced the Identification Security Enhancement Act of 2007 to repeal the Real ID Act and restore the equivalent provisions of the 2683:

Except for the first category of documents in the above list, the other documents listed remain accepted regardless of the Real ID Act.

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overwhelmingly passed a resolution refusing to implement the Real ID Act in that state and calling on Congress to repeal the law. Many

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January 19, 2015: areas of federal facilities accessible to the general public with identification, at facility security levels 1 and 2

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could use their court address instead of their residential address on their identification documents for purposes of the Real ID Act.

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signed this bill into law on July 13, 2009. This law was later repealed in 2017. Alaska also repealed its anti-Real-ID law in 2017.

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and may not have a Real ID star symbol but are also compliant with the Real ID requirements and are accepted for federal purposes.

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passed a bill prohibiting the state from complying with the Real ID Act, by a vote of 83–69 and 3 present. On May 13, 2009, the

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Libertarian gets ticketed on purpose to make argument in court Libertarian gets ticketed on purpose to make argument in court

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Applicants must provide at least two documents showing their address, but these documents do not need to be verified further.

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and after arrival at the destination, but they may still present any of the acceptable documents at the airport checkpoint.

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Before boarding an airline flight in the United States, passengers must pass through an airport checkpoint operated by the

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time, Real IDs could be required to vote, collect a Social Security check, access Medicaid, open a bank account, go to an

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July 21, 2014: areas of federal facilities and nuclear power plants accessible only to employees, contractors, and guests

744:. The amendment also repealed federal funds that the original law had provided for states to assist in their compliance. 5988: 5086: 4869: 801:

Birth certificates must be verified through the Electronic Verification of Vital Events (EVVE) system maintained by the

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Many state legislatures strongly opposed the Real ID Act, before the states eventually complied with it years later.

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Andrew J. Pincus, Charles A. Rothfeld, Robert Dreher, Brian Segee, Dan Kahan, Terri-Lei O'Malley (March 17, 2008).

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and consolidates every American's private information, leaving all of us far more vulnerable to identity thieves".

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as a federal legislation in an area that, under the terms of the Tenth Amendment, was the province of the states.

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The 9/11 Commission Report: Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States

3259: 2933: 871: 776: 741: 711: 374: 366: 359: 354: 8643: 8527: 8393: 8249: 8116: 7373: 7264: 6992: 5535: 5515:"Congressional, religious, cultural and academic leaders urge Supreme Court to hear challenge to border wall" 2534: 764: 5719: 5169: 8093: 8026: 7904: 7080: 7034: 6832: 6677: 6160: 5058: 4761: 2874: 2804: 2710: 2587: 2530: 2489: 1677: 75: 5883:"Artful Concealment and Strategic Visibility: Transgender Bodies & U.S. State Surveillance After 9/11" 3908: 3884: 3860: 3731: 3704: 3656: 3597: 3573: 7974: 7048: 6839: 6439: 6055: 5966: 4166: 4148: 4130: 4094: 4076: 4058: 3406: 3386: 2892:-ME), with four cosponsors, would have extended the deadlines for states to comply with the Real ID Act. 2738: 2669: 703: 17: 5292: 8663: 8653: 8638: 8532: 8517: 8413: 7969: 7726: 7675: 7655: 7639: 7635: 7631: 7538: 7529: 7476: 7027: 6103: 6079: 3896: 3872: 3848: 3719: 3692: 3644: 3585: 3222: 2648: 2641: 413: 7551: 6083: 5914: 5282:"Floridians Against REAL ID: Florida Driver's License Citizen Protection Act as of September 19, 2011" 4662: 3969: 3478:"Implementing the REAL ID Act: Intergovernmental Conflict and Cooperation in Homeland Security Policy" 3325:

In 2020, the section of the Real ID Act waived laws that could interfere with the construction of the

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may be required to present more specific documents, such as a passport or visa, to the airline during

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Other sections of the Real ID Act ordered some reports and pilot projects related to border security.

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and the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008 extended this provision to a much longer portion of the

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on May 11, 2005. The identification document provisions of the Real ID Act were codified as a note in

112: 8403: 7996: 7771: 7432: 7271: 7140: 5992: 5790:"Here are the states where you can (and cannot) change your gender designation on official documents" 5763: 5592: 5194: 4835: 4934: 8705: 8633: 8456: 8006: 7979: 7914: 7766: 7665: 7133: 6846: 3396: 3214: 2566: 1780: 875: 3905: 3881: 3857: 3728: 3701: 3653: 3594: 729:, extended the deadline for states to comply with the Real ID Act to at least September 30, 2021. 8451: 7858: 7853: 7776: 7761: 7746: 7741: 7736: 7721: 7700: 7685: 7446: 6014: 5665: 5034: 4604: 4515: 3264: 2751: 2714: 2422: 1040: 718:) were eligible for driver licenses and identification cards when admitted to the United States. 5745: 4921: 4247:"South Carolina Joins State to State Verification Service (S2S) and Driver History Record (DHR)" 3354: 3329:

negatively impacted the natural and cultural environment of the border area. One example was at

8699: 8124: 7396: 6936: 4909: 4897: 4885: 4403: 3668: 3454: 3401: 772: 737: 582: 306: 288: 5022: 4415: 4370:"Washington residents will need REAL ID-compliant identification to fly starting October 2020" 4356: 3609: 698:

On December 17, 2018, Congress amended the Real ID Act to remove an outdated reference to the

241: 8186: 7929: 7924: 7690: 7064: 6825: 6818: 4900:, REAL ID Repeal and Identification Security Enhancement Act of 2007, United States Congress. 4776: 4752:"Will REAL ID Actually Make Us Safer? An Examination of Privacy and Civil Liberties Concerns" 3165: 2742: 2615: 839: 812:, but the foreign passports themselves do not need to be verified with the issuing authority. 645: 594: 466: 446: 426: 403: 4998: 4184: 3680: 3050:

in passing legislation opposing the Real ID Act. Similar resolutions were introduced in the

46: 8578: 8548: 8522: 8512: 8507: 8497: 8254: 8229: 6723: 6700: 6693: 6129: 5560: 3330: 3051: 2967: 2786: 2694: 2631: 2462: 2274: 1161: 653: 570: 538: 453: 438: 5099: 458: 418: 8: 8487: 8194: 7964: 7801: 7751: 7615: 5579: 4635: 4002: 3391: 3225:

argued that this was a trivial distinction, and that the new cards were in fact national

3181: 3173: 2828: 2549: 2493: 794:

The Real ID regulations, issued by DHS, clarified some of the verification requirements:

641: 558: 503: 495: 4116: 4044: 3827: 8492: 8281: 8063: 7359: 6656: 6556: 6021: 4973: 3941: 3858:

104–208: Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (text)

3530: 3314: 3270:

The Data Privacy and Integrity Advisory Committee, which was established to advise the

3039: 2932:

million in five years to implement all aspects of the bill. The resolution vote in the

2690:

Passengers under 18 are not required to present identification at airport checkpoints.

2653: 2597: 2507: 2114: 1542: 406: 8301: 5989:"AIUSA Issue Brief: The REAL ID Act of 2005 and Its Negative Impact on Asylum Seekers" 5337: 3924: 3793: 8648: 8623: 8502: 8482: 8306: 8149: 8011: 7094: 6716: 6549: 5948: 5170:"Greitens signs Real ID legislation, putting Missouri in compliance with federal law" 5087:

https://www.azcentral.com/specials/special12/articles/0618real-id0618.html?&wired

4955: 4533: 3381: 3376: 3350: 3238: 3206: 3177: 2916: 2824: 2637: 2503: 1067: 726: 613: 433: 245: 3358: 2827:, the Real ID Act was subsequently attached by the House Republican leadership as a 1058:

January 22, 2018: boarding federally regulated commercial aircraft (airline flights)

8613: 8588: 8264: 7695: 7680: 5894: 5670: 4836:"Real ID Act Attached to "Must-Pass" Spending Bill Imposes Anti-Immigrant Measures" 4781: 4691: 4618: 3938: 3790: 3635:, Notes, Improved Security for Drivers' Licenses and Personal Identification Cards. 3632: 3527: 3489: 3146: 3071: 2944: 2698: 2403: 1482: 1383: 1044: 707: 221: 6087: 5859: 5621: 5536:

Defenders of Wildlife, et al., v. Michael Chertoff, Secretary of Homeland Security

8628: 8553: 7781: 7124: 6929: 5567: 5309: 5263: 4873: 3346: 3114: 2770: 843: 629: 605:

from accepting identification documents that did not conform to these standards.

578: 519: 487: 209: 205: 201: 197: 193: 189: 185: 181: 177: 173: 169: 165: 8399:

Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act of 2013

4935:"An Act To Prohibit Maine from Participating in the Federal REAL ID Act of 2005" 4512:"Florida LP Chairman Adrian Wyllie surrenders license in protest of REAL ID act" 3184:

rejected the challenge. On March 17, 2008, the attorneys filed a petition for a

2687:

acceptable form of identification will be required to pass through checkpoints.

8678: 8668: 8436: 8164: 7791: 7299: 4840: 4482: 4329:"New York Becomes 41st State To Join State-to-State Verification Service (S2S)" 3769: 3342: 3138: 3027: 2840: 2808: 2718: 2476: 2349: 2165: 1832: 1805: 1518: 665: 338: 320: 292: 284: 4600: 4586: 4530:"PA State Rep. Dennis O'Brien - Rohrer to Join ACLJ and ACLU Opposing Real ID" 4511: 3494: 3477: 691:

On January 7, 2008, the Court Security Improvement Act of 2007 specified that

8721: 8558: 8179: 7227: 6767: 6512: 6114: 5952: 5246:"HB 109 - Issuance and Renewal of Drivers' Licenses and Identification Cards" 4866: 4747: 3226: 3095: 3067: 3011: 2885: 2800: 2782: 2759: 2577: 2298: 2066: 1470: 1434: 1245: 903: 808:

U.S. passports and U.S. visas on foreign passports must be verified with the

649: 589:(IRTPA), enacted to implement the commission's recommendations, directed the 550: 511: 4812: 3681:

H.R. 3398 (115th): Real ID Act Modification for Freely Associated States Act

3595:

108–458: Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (text)

2721:; immigrant advocacy groups; human and civil rights organizations, like the 648:, H.R. 1268, the Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act for Defense, the 8683: 8446: 7869:

Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA) (1996)

7786: 6751: 6432: 5406:"Conservation Groups Challenge Chertoff's Waiver Power as Unconstitutional" 5392:"Border Fence Construction: San Pedro Riparian NCA – Defenders of Wildlife" 4454: 4345:

REAL ID Documents and Digital Driver's Licenses (US states and territories)

3954:

REAL ID Act of 2005 Implementation: An Interagency Security Committee Guide

3748: 3083: 3023: 3015: 2937: 2855: 2774: 2730: 2603: 2177: 2090: 1988: 1877: 1846:

States and territories by year of joining the system to share ID databases

1665: 1653: 1494: 1221: 676: 5899: 5882: 5694:"Real ID. Threatening Your Privacy Through an Unfunded Government Mandate" 5643: 4888:, Identification Security Enhancement Act of 2007, United States Congress. 4331:. American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators. September 3, 2024. 4303:. American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators. September 5, 2023. 2741:; consumer and patient protection groups; some gun rights groups, such as 7843: 7013: 6964: 6880: 5746:"Homeland Security's Own Privacy Panel Declines to Endorse License Rules" 5128: 5046: 4286:. American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators. January 17, 2023. 4097:. U.S. Department of Homeland Security. December 22, 2020. Archived from 3812:. American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators. October 26, 2022. 3288: 3243: 3229:, due to the uniform national standards, the linked databases created by 3169: 2766: 2734: 2433: 2141: 1506: 1332: 1137: 1091:

States and territories by year of DHS certification as Real ID compliant

945: 894: 803:

National Association for Public Health Statistics and Information Systems

657: 637: 531: 527: 502:

must satisfy to be accepted for accessing federal government facilities,

4215: 2881:), with 41 cosponsors, all Democrats. This bill did not advance either. 131: 8673: 7581: 4317:. American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators. March 18, 2024. 3189: 2621: 2511: 2454: 2391: 2078: 1765: 1692: 1569: 31: 5941:"Terrorism and asylum seekers: why the Real ID Act is a false promise" 5840: 5816:"Non-Binary, Gender X Driver's Licenses, Passports Gaining Popularity" 4383: 4269:. American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators. December 2022. 4214:. American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators. Archived from 3702:

116–136: Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (text)

3233:, and the requirement of such identification for domestic air travel. 2873:

A similar bill was introduced on February 16, 2007, by Representative

8659:

National Korean American Service & Education Consortium (NAKASEC)

8408: 8363: 7879:

American Competitiveness and Workforce Improvement Act (ACWIA) (1998)

7874:

Nicaraguan Adjustment and Central American Relief Act (NACARA) (1997)

7756: 7705: 6094: 6043:

Sacred Arizona spring drying up as border wall construction continues

5940: 5693: 5332: 3118: 3099: 3059: 3031: 2991: 2983: 2542: 2129: 2102: 2054: 1889: 1458: 1422: 1257: 1233: 930: 919: 898: 863: 722: 621: 363: 253: 4573: 608:

In February 2005, less than two months after IRTPA was enacted, the

8269: 8001: 7991: 6795: 4235:. American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators. April 2022. 3153: 3063: 3055: 3035: 3019: 3003: 2995: 2987: 2979: 2963: 2959: 2832: 2778: 2659: 2593: 2519: 2286: 2223: 2153: 2000: 1976: 1964: 1916: 1904: 1753: 1704: 1629: 1605: 1593: 1530: 1446: 1344: 1197: 1149: 1125: 926: 907: 856:

Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996

702:(terminated in 1994) and to clarify that citizens of its successor 7864:

Immigration and Nationality Technical Corrections Act (INTCA) 1994

7507:

Small Business Liability Relief and Brownfields Revitalization Act

4430:"What Travelers Need to Know About the Real ID Deadline Extension" 4252:. American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators. July 2022. 2831:

to H.R.1268, a bill dealing with emergency appropriations for the

2762:, participated in a joint press conference with the ACLU in 2008. 4811:. National Immigration Law Center. March 31, 2005. Archived from 3338: 3103: 3091: 2999: 2955: 2896: 2884:

A more limited bill, introduced on February 13, 2007, by Senator

2506:, a white star in a gold or black circle, a white star in a gold 2458: 2364: 2325: 2247: 2039: 2012: 1940: 1741: 1641: 1368: 1296: 1284: 1269: 1173: 1078:

of the Real ID Act and its ability to enhance national security.

805:(NAPHSIS), rather than the authority that issued the certificate. 680: 612:

passed the Real ID Act as H.R. 418, introduced by Representative

507: 5447:"U.S. Supreme Court Asked to Answer: Is Chertoff Above the Law?" 5195:"Missouri House of Representatives - Bill Information for HB151" 5049:, Electronic Privacy Information Center. Accessed July 23, 2007. 3258:

Another privacy concern raised by privacy advocates such as the

3205:

For more detailed arguments for and against identity cards, see

2453:

Sample driver licenses compliant with the Real ID Act issued by

656:

removed the Real ID Act from the bill, added sections regarding

8743:

United States federal defense and national security legislation

8067: 7935:

Ending Discriminatory Bans on Entry to The United States (2021)

7201:

White House Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships

4601:"Real ID Exposed at National Press Club with Mark Lerner, Host" 4315:"New Jersey To Begin Using State-to-State Verification Service" 3079: 3007: 2971: 2951: 2863: 2745:; many state lawmakers, state legislatures, and governors; the 2611: 2523: 2337: 2259: 2235: 2027: 1716: 1557: 1395: 1320: 1308: 633: 523: 7895:

American Competitiveness in the 21st Century Act (AC21) (2000)

7454:

Committee on Climate Change Science and Technology Integration

4170: 4152: 4134: 4098: 4080: 4062: 3547:"DHS Announces Extension of REAL ID Full Enforcement Deadline" 3511: 652:, and Tsunami Relief 2005, which was passed by the House. The 597:

committee with representatives from state governments and the

8748:

United States federal immigration and nationality legislation

3576:, U.S. Government Publishing Office, July 22, 2004. Page 390. 3341:, one of the only reliable above-ground water sources in the 3230: 3087: 3043: 2975: 2925: 2920: 2878: 2607: 2515: 2376: 1928: 1817: 1617: 1410: 893:

The Real ID Act expanded the grounds for inadmissibility and

715: 6159: 5444: 4230:"AAMVA Congratulates Alabama on a Successful S2S DHR Launch" 5599: 5421:"Petition for Writ of Certiorari re: San Pedro Border Case" 4607:

from the original on December 13, 2021 – via YouTube.

4518:

from the original on December 13, 2021 – via YouTube.

4487: 3970:"Surprise: TSA May Not Enforce Real ID Next Year After All" 3751:, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, September 28, 2022. 3301: 3185: 3142: 3075: 3047: 2722: 2310: 2189: 1952: 1581: 1356: 1209: 1185: 767:

or a foreign national legally present in the United States.

8738:

Riders to United States federal appropriations legislation

5938: 4714:

Judge to former gubernatorial candidate: Good try, no dice

4372:. Transportation Security Administration. October 1, 2019. 4030:, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, December 20, 2013. 4018:, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, December 20, 2012. 3654:

110–177: Court Security Improvement Act of 2007 (text)

3353:. The spring and surrounding lands are also sacred to the 2713:'s Real ID Act was strongly supported by the conservative 2531:

enhanced driver licenses and enhanced identification cards

640:. In March, the text of the Real ID Act was appended as a 57:

An Act to establish and rapidly implement regulations for

7235:

Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001

5723: 5561:

DHS: REAL ID Proposed Guidelines: Questions & Answers

4619:"In '08 presidential race, who's the most tech-friendly?" 4555: 3956:, Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, 2019. 3906:

110–161: Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008 (text)

3729:

116–260: Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (text)

3549:. U.S. Department of Homeland Security. December 5, 2022. 2580:. Many types of documents are accepted for this purpose: 581:

to provide recommendations to prevent future attacks. In

360:

Real ID Act Modification for Freely Associated States Act

5512: 2561: 866:, with a waiver of two specific environmental laws, the 5467: 4187:. American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators. 3133:

Some critics claimed that the Real ID Act violated the

2902:

Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs

2588:

Enhanced driver license or enhanced identification card

7404:

Tax Increase Prevention and Reconciliation Act of 2005

7157:

President's Council on Service and Civic Participation

7088:

Higher Education Relief Opportunities For Students Act

4169:. U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Archived from 4151:. U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Archived from 4133:. U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Archived from 4115:. U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Archived from 4079:. U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Archived from 4061:. U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Archived from 4043:. U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Archived from 4001:. U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Archived from 3773:, Real ID driver's licenses, and identification cards. 3218: 2895:

On June 15, 2009, Senator Daniel Akaka introduced the

933:

and their dependents, with an annual limit of 10,500.

683:. ID is a common acronym for identification document. 675:

Although the title of the law has the term REAL ID in

7900:

Legal Immigration Family Equity Act (LIFE Act) (2000)

7242:

Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003

5582:", ACLU, January 15, 2008. Accessed February 17, 2008 5077:

Tennessee State Legislature. Accessed August 8, 2007.

2514:, or a white star in a gold state map in the case of 949:

Real ID Act compliance by year of DHS certification.

8604:

Coalition for Humane Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles

6854:

Foreign Investment and National Security Act of 2007

4621:, CNET, February 5, 2008. Accessed February 17, 2008 4028:

DHS releases phased enforcement schedule for Real ID

3117:

unanimously passed the bill 43–0. Missouri Governor

2465:. The star symbol appears in the upper right corner. 819:

American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators

6112: 5023:'Washington Becomes Fourth State to Oppose REAL ID' 5125:"Status of Anti-Real ID Legislation in the States" 3897: 3873: 3849: 3720: 3693: 3645: 3586: 3157:government as guaranteed in the First Amendment". 888: 27:2005 United States law on identification documents 5624:. Privacy Rights Clearinghouse. February 28, 2007 5445:Joe Vickless; Oliver Bernstein (March 17, 2008). 5360:"Real ID Act a Real Intrusion on Rights, Privacy" 5221:"UPDATE: Gov. Walker signs REAL ID bill into law" 3135:Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution 2556: 660:for workers, and passed it in April. In May, the 8719: 8348:United States Border Patrol interior checkpoints 7007:National Security Entry-Exit Registration System 6425:Joint session of Congress (September 11 attacks) 5860:"Are You a Boy or a Girl - Show Me Your REAL ID" 5622:"Real ID Act Will Increase Exposure to ID Theft" 5037:, CNET News, May 8, 2007. Accessed May 19, 2016. 2868:Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act 587:Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act 147:Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act 5580:ACLU Of Maryland Blasts New Real ID Regulations 5470:"Congress to hold field hearing on border wall" 4016:DHS determines 13 states meet Real ID standards 2839:relief funding, which was widely regarded as a 2666:Transportation Worker Identification Credential 2565:Sample diplomatic driver license issued by the 679:, it does not provide a meaning for REAL as an 30:"Real ID" redirects here. For another use, see 8609:Coalition for Comprehensive Immigration Reform 8287:List of people deported from the United States 7339:Job Creation and Worker Assistance Act of 2002 7309:Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 5025:, ACLU, April 5, 2007. Accessed July 23, 2007. 4688:"National Coalition Against Domestic Violence" 3761: 3759: 3757: 3612:, REAL ID Act of 2005, United States Congress. 781:Systematic Alien Verification for Entitlements 8034:Trump administration family separation policy 7567: 6145: 5920:. National Immigration Law Center. March 2005 5593:"ACLU Scorecard on Final Real ID Regulations" 5513:Joe Vickless; Cat Lazaroff (April 18, 2008). 4809:"Immigrants' Rights Update, Vol. 19, Issue 2" 4177: 3213:not a "national ID" system. Websites such as 8084:Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) 7367:Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 7346:Mortgage Forgiveness Debt Relief Act of 2007 7279:Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 5468:Brian Segee; Cat Lazaroff (April 25, 2008). 4212:"State-to-State (S2S) Verification Services" 3882:109–367: Secure Fence Act of 2006 (text) 3715: 3713: 2795:National Coalition Against Domestic Violence 8584:California Coalition for Immigration Reform 7293:Financial Literacy and Education Commission 6916:Government response to September 11 attacks 6902:Emmett Till Unsolved Civil Rights Crime Act 5666:"Real ID Act mostly helps identity thieves" 4598: 4556:"North Carolinians Against Real ID website" 4477: 4475: 4386:. Washington State Department of Licensing. 3810:"State-to-State (S2S) Verification Service" 3754: 3624: 3622: 3620: 3618: 2797:also voiced concern about the Real ID Act. 2785:called it "a huge mistake." The subsequent 752: 8619:Federation for American Immigration Reform 7574: 7560: 7332:Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 6874:Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act 6152: 6138: 5967:"Anti-immigrant 'REAL ID' Act Becomes Law" 5764:"Changing Gender On Your Driver's License" 5551:", CNET, May 6, 2005. Accessed May 5, 2007 4663:"Real ID worries domestic violence groups" 4340: 4338: 4206: 4204: 4202: 4200: 4198: 4196: 4194: 2729:(ACLJ); privacy advocacy groups, like the 2662:for U.S. federal employees and contractors 1024:the deadline was extended numerous times. 313:Reported by the joint conference committee 8394:Uniting American Families Act (2000–2013) 8389:Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act 2007 8379:Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act 2006 8322:Unaccompanied minors from Central America 8079:U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services 7849:Immigration Reform and Control Act (1986) 7286:Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act 6909:Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act 6543:Jordan–United States Free Trade Agreement 5898: 5880: 5720:"Federal ID plan raises privacy concerns" 5065:, April 17, 2007. Accessed July 23, 2007. 4418:, U.S. Department of State, May 30, 2017. 4406:, Transportation Security Administration. 4357:Enhanced Drivers Licenses: What Are They? 4264:"Hawaii To Begin Using S2S Functionality" 3785: 3783: 3781: 3779: 3710: 3541: 3539: 3493: 3475: 3471: 3469: 3467: 3465: 3463: 3294: 2725:; Christian advocacy groups, such as the 2660:Personal Identity Verification (PIV) card 2654:U.S. Department of Defense identification 925:A section of the Real ID Act created the 97:April 21, 2014–January 22, 2018 (partial) 8728:Acts of the 109th United States Congress 8599:Center for Migration Studies of New York 7742:Immigration Act 1917 (Asian Barred Zone) 7611:Nationality law in the American Colonies 6123:) is being considered for deletion. See 5915:"The 'REAL ID' Act Is a Really Bad Idea" 5845:National Center for Transgender Equality 5219:reports, Staff and Wire (May 19, 2017). 4757:United States Committee on the Judiciary 4472: 3615: 3522: 3520: 2848:American Immigration Lawyers Association 2769:strongly supported the Real ID Act, but 2765:Among the 2008 presidential candidates, 2560: 2539:international travel within the Americas 2496:. The U.S. flag appears near the photo. 1039:April 21, 2014: DHS headquarters at the 944: 8733:Identity documents of the United States 8533:"Faithful Patriot" (2018–present) 8089:Executive Office for Immigration Review 7514:Water Resources Development Act of 2007 7251:Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act 6276:Dismissal of U.S. attorneys controversy 5857: 5218: 4833: 4660: 4427: 4359:, U.S. Department of Homeland Security. 4335: 4191: 3993: 3991: 3964: 3962: 3821: 3819: 3744: 3742: 3740: 3561:"TSA Punts REAL ID Enforcement To 2027" 3514:, U.S. Department of Homeland Security. 3372:Coalition for a Secure Driver's License 2541:by land or sea. They are marked with a 1081: 929:, a type of work visa for nationals of 14: 8720: 8549:California DREAM Act (2006–2010) 7411:Tax Relief and Health Care Act of 2006 7021:Secondary Security Screening Selection 5787: 5089:Napolitano: Real ID a no-go in Arizona 4924:, PASS ID Act, United States Congress. 4774: 4509: 4428:Puckett, Jessica (February 18, 2022). 4399: 4397: 4395: 4393: 4347:, Keesing Technologies, February 2024. 4113:"Current status of states/territories" 4041:"Current status of states/territories" 3804: 3802: 3776: 3536: 3460: 3450: 3448: 3446: 2647:Photo identification card issued by a 2574:Transportation Security Administration 1547: 1400: 1274: 1115: 1087:2020, and of all territories by 2024. 700:Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands 544: 355:Court Security Improvement Act of 2007 7797:Alien Fiancées and Fiancés Act (1946) 7555: 6951:National Construction Safety Team Act 6710:Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty 6133: 6045:, National Geographic, July 20, 2020. 5814:Perry, Tatiania (November 29, 2021). 5813: 5059:'Gov signs law rejecting Real ID act' 4789:from the original on December 7, 2013 4746: 3553: 3517: 3507: 3505: 3444: 3442: 3440: 3438: 3436: 3434: 3432: 3430: 3428: 3426: 2907: 2727:American Center for Law & Justice 858:had provided for improvements to the 734:Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 372:Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 8518:"Return to Sender" (2006–2007) 7823:Immigration and Nationality Act 1952 7484:Magnuson–Stevens Reauthorization Act 7383:Renovation, Repair and Painting Rule 7000:U.S. Department of Homeland Security 5674:. San Jose, California. May 19, 2005 5646:. PrivacyActivism. February 28, 2007 4638:. September 25, 2007. Archived from 4570:"Floridians Against REAL ID website" 3999:"REAL ID Frequently Asked Questions" 3988: 3959: 3816: 3737: 3412:Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative 3128: 2412: 8204:Department of State v. Muñoz (2024) 8174:DHS v. Regents of the Univ. of Cal. 8059:Immigration and Customs Enforcement 7661:Act to Encourage Immigration (1864) 7173:Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003 6650:Darfur Peace and Accountability Act 5939:Marisa Silenzi Cianciarulo (2006). 5761: 5644:"The Many Faces of the Real ID Act" 5494:. Defenders of Wildlife. April 2008 5100:"Real ID Nullification Legislation" 5047:'National ID Cards and REAL ID Act' 5035:"Congress rethinks the Real ID Act" 4483:"Congress rethinks the Real ID Act" 4416:Diplomatic Note 17-823: Real ID Act 4390: 3799: 3335:Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument 3200: 3164:On November 1, 2007, attorneys for 490:that establishes requirements that 214:Identification document provisions: 92:Identification document provisions: 24: 8292:Mexico–United States border crisis 8074:U.S. Customs and Border Protection 7325:Flood Insurance Reform Act of 2004 7221:American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 6592:Dominican Republic–Central America 5858:McGrath, James (January 1, 2009). 5549:FAQ: How Real ID will affect you 5368:. February 6, 2008. Archived from 4661:Broache, Anne (February 8, 2008). 4632:"Mike Huckabee: The RCP Interview" 4455:"REAL ID FAQs | Homeland Security" 3902:Tooltip Public Law (United States) 3878:Tooltip Public Law (United States) 3854:Tooltip Public Law (United States) 3828:"What Is Real REAL ID Compliance?" 3825: 3749:REAL ID Frequently Asked Questions 3725:Tooltip Public Law (United States) 3698:Tooltip Public Law (United States) 3650:Tooltip Public Law (United States) 3591:Tooltip Public Law (United States) 3502: 3482:Publius: The Journal of Federalism 3423: 2675:Veteran Health Identification Card 849: 25: 8759: 8513:"Streamline" (2005–present) 8235:Central American migrant caravans 7782:Bracero Program (1942–1964) 6895:Born-Alive Infants Protection Act 6127:to help reach a consensus. › 6073: 4848:from the original on July 7, 2013 4834:Shahani, Aarti (April 29, 2005). 4599:Steve Meyer (February 10, 2009). 3246:in order to open a bank account. 3152:Former Republican Representative 3111:Missouri House of Representatives 2626:employment authorization document 940: 868:National Environmental Policy Act 8297:Mexico–United States border wall 7772:Filipino Repatriation Act (1935) 7583:Immigration to the United States 7102:Criticism of government response 7081:Higher Education Opportunity Act 6972:President's Surveillance Program 6048: 6036: 6007: 5981: 5959: 5932: 5907: 5874: 5851: 5833: 5807: 5781: 5755: 5738: 5712: 5686: 5658: 5636: 5614: 5585: 5572: 5554: 5541: 5529: 5506: 5484: 5461: 5438: 5412: 5398: 5384: 5365:The Atlanta Journal-Constitution 5250:Florida House of Representatives 3141:, the executive director of the 2846:A May 3, 2005, statement by the 2475: 2443: 2432: 2421: 2396: 2384: 2369: 2357: 2342: 2330: 2318: 2303: 2291: 2279: 2267: 2252: 2240: 2228: 2216: 2182: 2170: 2158: 2146: 2134: 2122: 2107: 2095: 2083: 2071: 2059: 2047: 2032: 2020: 2005: 1993: 1981: 1969: 1957: 1945: 1933: 1921: 1909: 1897: 1882: 1870: 1825: 1810: 1798: 1773: 1758: 1746: 1734: 1709: 1697: 1685: 1670: 1658: 1646: 1634: 1622: 1610: 1598: 1586: 1574: 1562: 1550: 1535: 1523: 1511: 1499: 1487: 1475: 1463: 1451: 1439: 1427: 1415: 1403: 1388: 1376: 1361: 1349: 1337: 1325: 1313: 1301: 1289: 1277: 1262: 1250: 1238: 1226: 1214: 1202: 1190: 1178: 1166: 1154: 1142: 1130: 1118: 45: 8054:Department of Homeland Security 7498:Renewable Identification Number 7316:Forest Land Enhancement Program 7258:Credit Rating Agency Reform Act 7180:Public Service Loan Forgiveness 6958:NIST WTC Disaster Investigation 6095:Statute Compilations collection 5788:Migdon, Brooke (May 31, 2022). 5352: 5336:. March 6, 2007. Archived from 5328:"Opposing view: Repeal Real ID" 5320: 5302: 5274: 5256: 5238: 5212: 5187: 5161: 5143: 5117: 5092: 5080: 5068: 5052: 5040: 5028: 5016: 4991: 4966: 4948: 4927: 4915: 4903: 4891: 4879: 4860: 4827: 4801: 4768: 4740: 4723: 4706: 4680: 4654: 4624: 4611: 4592: 4580: 4562: 4548: 4522: 4503: 4447: 4421: 4409: 4376: 4362: 4350: 4321: 4307: 4290: 4273: 4256: 4239: 4222: 4159: 4141: 4123: 4105: 4087: 4069: 4051: 4033: 4021: 4009: 3947: 3931: 3914: 3890: 3866: 3842: 3686: 3674: 3662: 3638: 3272:Department of Homeland Security 889:Inadmissibility and deportation 599:Department of Homeland Security 8594:Center for Immigration Studies 8523:"Jump Start" (2006–2008) 8508:"Front Line" (2004–2005) 8158:Chamber of Commerce v. Whiting 8099:Office of Refugee Resettlement 7854:American Homecoming Act (1989) 7470:Diesel Emissions Reduction Act 7390:SAFE Transportation Equity Act 7353:Pension Protection Act of 2006 7187:Unborn Victims of Violence Act 7150:Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act 7072:Election Assistance Commission 6979:Terrorist Surveillance Program 6888:Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act 6383:State funeral of Ronald Reagan 5945:Harvard Journal on Legislation 5698:Electronic Frontier Foundation 5167: 5075:'Bill Information for SJR0248' 4185:"IT Systems Participation Map" 3603: 3579: 3567: 3320: 3260:Electronic Frontier Foundation 3180:. On December 18, 2007, Judge 3172:filed an amended complaint in 2934:Maine House of Representatives 2854:On February 28, 2007, Senator 2773:called for it to be reviewed, 2557:Documents for boarding flights 2533:, which are only available to 872:Endangered Species Act of 1973 838:The Real ID Act increased the 828: 777:Social Security Administration 742:Social Security Administration 13: 1: 8644:Minuteman Civil Defense Corps 8488:"Peter Pan" (1960–1962) 8250:Eugenics in the United States 7374:Troubled Asset Relief Program 7265:Economic Stimulus Act of 2008 6993:Homeland Security Act of 2002 6058:. National Park Service. 2018 3563:. Forbes. September 26, 2024. 3476:Krajewska, Magdalena (2020). 3417: 2904:but did not advance further. 913: 842:for individuals applying for 747: 725:, enacted in response to the 686: 8312:Illegal immigrant population 8094:Board of Immigration Appeals 7930:Executive Order 13780 (2017) 7925:Executive Order 13769 (2017) 7818:UN Refugee Convention (1951) 7732:Gentlemen's Agreement (1907) 7035:Terrorist Screening Database 6986:NSA warrantless surveillance 6833:H-1B Visa Reform Act of 2004 6678:Vision for Space Exploration 6390:State funeral of Gerald Ford 6161:Presidency of George W. Bush 6120:Presidency of George W. Bush 5492:"Wildlife and Border Policy" 4777:"No Real Debate for Real ID" 4775:Zetter, Kim (May 10, 2005). 2805:Libertarian Party of Florida 2749:; and the editorial page of 2704: 2622:U.S. permanent resident card 897:of foreign nationals due to 758:The standards require that: 76:109th United States Congress 7: 8528:"Phalanx" (2010–2016) 8503:"Endgame" (2003–2012) 8374:McCain–Kennedy (2005) 8364:DREAM Act (2001–2010) 8343:Canada–United States border 8338:Mexico–United States border 7905:H-1B Visa Reform Act (2004) 7767:Tydings–McDuffie Act (1934) 7056:FISA Amendments Act of 2008 7049:Protect America Act of 2007 6840:L-1 Visa Reform Act of 2004 3407:United States Passport Card 3387:Internal passport of Russia 3365: 3345:and home to the endangered 2814: 2807:, drove without carrying a 2739:People for the American Way 2670:Merchant Mariner Credential 2636:Driver license issued by a 2602:DHS trusted traveler card ( 880:Mexico–United States border 591:Secretary of Transportation 537:Enacted in response to the 500:U.S. states and territories 383:United States Supreme Court 283:on February 10, 2005 ( 10: 8764: 8664:Negative Population Growth 8654:National Immigration Forum 8639:Migration Policy Institute 8414:US Citizenship Act of 2021 7970:Temporary protected status 7752:Emergency Quota Act (1921) 7477:Healthy Forests Initiative 7118:Medicare Modernization Act 7028:Terrorist Screening Center 6923:Rescue and recovery effort 6759:August 2001 daily briefing 6376:Presidential proclamations 5887:Surveillance & Society 5744:Ryan Singel. May 7, 2007. 4999:"Alaska State Legislature" 4974:"Alaska State Legislature" 4589:Accessed February 17, 2008 3249: 3204: 2943:On February 16, 2007, the 2656:, including for dependents 2649:federally recognized tribe 2381: 2354: 2315: 2264: 2213: 2119: 2044: 2017: 1894: 1867: 1822: 1795: 1770: 1731: 1682: 1373: 985: 775:must be verified with the 732:On December 27, 2020, the 414:Guerrero-Lasprilla v. Barr 29: 8692: 8567: 8541: 8475: 8422: 8356: 8330: 8213: 8107: 8042: 7997:Security Advisory Opinion 7947: 7887: 7810: 7714: 7648: 7624: 7603: 7590: 7523: 7433:Clean Boating Act of 2008 7420: 7272:Energy Policy Act of 2005 7210: 7141:Highly qualified teachers 6863: 6557:Trade promotion authority 6502: 6417:Joint session of Congress 6408: 6177: 6168: 5993:Amnesty International USA 4956:"Utah Legislature HR0002" 4867:AILA Statement on REAL ID 3671:, United States Congress. 3278: 2915:On January 25, 2007, the 2821:House Judiciary Committee 833: 389: 381: 353: 348: 233: 228: 153: 142: 137: 118: 108: 103: 81: 70: 53: 44: 8706:Missing in Brooks County 8634:Mexicans Without Borders 8134:US v. Bhagat Singh Thind 8007:National Origins Formula 7691:Chinese Exclusion (1882) 7666:Civil Rights Act of 1866 7530:← Clinton administration 7134:No Child Left Behind Act 6847:Secure Fence Act of 2006 6304:Supreme Court candidates 6269:Legislation and programs 6125:templates for discussion 5881:Beauchamp, Toby (2009). 3397:Secure Fence Act of 2006 2928:taxpayers at least $ 185 2803:, the then-chair of the 2567:U.S. Department of State 876:Secure Fence Act of 2006 753:Identification documents 704:Freely Associated States 610:House of Representatives 301:on April 21, 2005 ( 7985:Central American Minors 7915:Secure Fence Act (2006) 7777:Nationality Act of 1940 7727:Naturalization Act 1906 7701:Immigration Act of 1891 7686:Immigration Act of 1882 7676:Naturalization Act 1870 7656:Naturalization Law 1802 7632:Naturalization Act 1790 7491:Renewable Fuel Standard 6745:Pre-attack intelligence 5517:. Defenders of Wildlife 5472:. Defenders of Wildlife 5449:. Defenders of Wildlife 4510:ccpafl (May 18, 2011). 3495:10.1093/publius/pjaa010 3109:On April 16, 2009, the 2781:flatly opposed it, and 2752:The Wall Street Journal 2693:Passengers boarding an 2529:Some states also offer 2490:enhanced driver license 1041:Nebraska Avenue Complex 721:On March 27, 2020, the 272:House Government Reform 268:House Homeland Security 260:Committee consideration 158:Immigration provisions: 154:U.S.C. sections amended 95:May 11, 2008 (original) 86:Immigration provisions: 8700:Borderland (TV series) 8554:Arizona SB 1070 (2010) 8027:Unaccompanied children 7802:Luce–Celler Act (1946) 7592:Relevant colonial era, 7539:Obama administration → 7447:Clear Skies Initiative 6056:"Quitobaquito Springs" 5977:(1). Fall–Winter 2005. 5566:March 4, 2007, at the 5104:Tenth Amendment Center 3402:United States passport 3295:Asylum and deportation 2642:Canadian Indian Status 2590:issued by a U.S. state 2569: 1020: 773:Social Security number 738:Social Security number 563:states and territories 327:on May 10, 2005 ( 317:agreed to by the House 64:San Diego border fence 59:state driver's license 8277:Immigration reduction 8188:Niz-Chavez v. Garland 7792:War Brides Act (1945) 7671:14th Amendment (1868) 7461:Executive Order 13432 7440:Climate change policy 7065:Help America Vote Act 6826:Executive Order 13470 6819:Executive Order 13355 6297:Judicial appointments 5900:10.24908/ss.v6i4.3267 5841:"ID Documents Center" 5538:, U.S. Supreme Court. 4872:May 10, 2008, at the 4587:The Privacy Coalition 4173:on February 15, 2024. 4155:on December 31, 2017. 4137:on December 31, 2021. 4119:on December 31, 2016. 4101:on December 31, 2020. 4083:on December 31, 2019. 4065:on December 31, 2018. 3166:Defenders of Wildlife 2936:was 137–4 and in the 2743:Gun Owners of America 2564: 948: 646:omnibus spending bill 595:negotiated rulemaking 319:on May 5, 2005 ( 256:) on January 26, 2005 8579:Arizona Border Recon 8559:Alabama HB 56 (2011) 8423:Immigration stations 8357:Proposed legislation 8255:Guest worker program 8230:Brooks County, Texas 8142:US v. Brignoni-Ponce 7859:Immigration Act 1990 7762:Immigration Act 1924 7747:Immigration Act 1918 7737:Immigration Act 1907 7722:Immigration Act 1903 6731:Communication issues 6724:September 11 attacks 6440:Mission Accomplished 6108:US Statutes at Large 5971:Civil Rights Monitor 5762:Rivelli, Elizabeth. 5547:McCullagh, Declan, " 5372:on February 12, 2008 5340:on February 22, 2008 5298:on January 13, 2012. 4737:(September 7, 2011). 4735:St. Petersburg Times 4218:on October 28, 2021. 3976:. September 12, 2024 3331:Quitobaquito Springs 3306:Civil Rights Monitor 3052:District of Columbia 2787:Obama administration 2695:international flight 2632:Border Crossing Card 2537:and may be used for 2463:District of Columbia 1384:District of Columbia 1082:State certifications 910:or other petitions. 650:Global War on Terror 626:U.S. immigration law 571:September 11 attacks 559:identification cards 539:September 11 attacks 530:, and specific work 516:U.S. immigration law 504:nuclear power plants 496:identification cards 454:Wilkinson v. Garland 8498:"Gatekeeper" (1994) 8425:and points of entry 8317:Reverse immigration 8196:Sanchez v. Mayorkas 8109:Supreme Court cases 7965:Visa Waiver Program 7960:Permanent residence 7787:Magnuson Act (1943) 7616:Plantation Act 1740 7194:2006 VRA Amendments 6534:by Condoleezza Rice 6520:International trips 6355:Impeachment efforts 6100:REAL ID Act of 2005 6080:REAL ID Act of 2005 5408:. November 1, 2007. 4815:on October 23, 2005 4642:on October 12, 2007 4636:Real Clear Politics 4617:McCullagh, Declan. 4434:Condé Nast Traveler 4047:on January 7, 2016. 3392:Registered Traveler 3265:Heritage Foundation 3182:Ellen Segal Huvelle 3174:U.S. District Court 2715:Heritage Foundation 2711:Bush administration 2550:state of Washington 2494:state of Washington 1847: 1678:U.S. Virgin Islands 1092: 810:Department of State 569:In response to the 545:Legislative history 506:, and for boarding 484:REAL ID Act of 2005 480:Real ID Act of 2005 229:Legislative history 149:§§ 5402, 5403, 7212 41: 40:Real ID Act of 2005 8282:Immigration reform 8118:US v. Wong Kim Ark 8064:U.S. Border Patrol 7980:Green Card Lottery 7948:Visas and policies 7910:Real ID Act (2005) 7844:Refugee Act (1980) 7596:international laws 7585:and related topics 7397:Sarbanes–Oxley Act 7360:Public Law 110-343 6657:Mexico City policy 6022:Human Rights Watch 5864:Nevada Law Journal 5602:. January 17, 2008 5314:The Florida Senate 5268:The Florida Senate 4536:on October 1, 2011 4005:on April 19, 2020. 3315:Human Rights Watch 3194:U.S. Supreme Court 2908:State legislatures 2747:Constitution Party 2598:U.S. passport card 2596:of any country or 2570: 1845: 1781:N. Mariana Islands 1090: 1021: 295:on March 16, 2005) 99:May 7, 2025 (full) 39: 8715: 8714: 8649:Minuteman Project 8624:Improve The Dream 8542:State legislation 8493:"Babylift" (1975) 8467:Washington Avenue 8462:Sullivan's Island 8384:STRIVE Act (2007) 8307:March for America 8260:Human trafficking 8150:Zadvydas v. Davis 8012:Expedited removal 7943: 7942: 7594:United States and 7549: 7548: 7095:Hurricane Katrina 6738:Military response 6717:USA Freedom Corps 6643:2002 steel tariff 6550:Trade Act of 2002 6498: 6497: 6489:2008 SOTU Address 6482:2007 SOTU Address 6475:2006 SOTU Address 6468:2005 SOTU Address 6461:2004 SOTU Address 6454:2003 SOTU Address 6447:2002 SOTU Address 6362:Executive actions 6283:Email controversy 5726:. August 16, 2007 5700:. August 16, 2007 5264:"Senate Bill 220" 4942:Maine Legislature 4718:Naples Daily News 4712:Jacob Carpenter, 3382:Internal passport 3377:Identity document 3351:Sonora mud turtle 3223:realnightmare.org 3207:Identity document 3178:U.S. Constitution 3129:Constitutionality 2940:unanimous, 34–0. 2917:Maine Legislature 2825:Jim Sensenbrenner 2638:Canadian province 2413:Document versions 2410: 2409: 1839: 1838: 1068:COVID-19 pandemic 1019: 1018: 727:COVID-19 pandemic 662:conference report 614:Jim Sensenbrenner 476: 475: 434:Nasrallah v. Barr 299:Passed the Senate 246:Jim Sensenbrenner 121:Statutes at Large 16:(Redirected from 8755: 8614:Community Change 8589:CASA of Maryland 8569:Non-governmental 8483:"Wetback" (1954) 8409:RAISE Act (2017) 8369:H.R. 4437 (2005) 7757:Cable Act (1922) 7706:Geary Act (1892) 7696:Scott Act (1888) 7601: 7600: 7576: 7569: 7562: 7553: 7552: 7542: 7533: 7516: 7509: 7500: 7493: 7486: 7479: 7472: 7463: 7456: 7449: 7442: 7435: 7413: 7406: 7399: 7392: 7385: 7376: 7369: 7362: 7355: 7348: 7341: 7334: 7327: 7318: 7311: 7302: 7295: 7288: 7281: 7274: 7267: 7260: 7253: 7244: 7237: 7230: 7223: 7203: 7196: 7189: 7182: 7175: 7166: 7159: 7152: 7143: 7136: 7127: 7120: 7111: 7104: 7097: 7090: 7083: 7074: 7067: 7058: 7051: 7044: 7037: 7030: 7023: 7016: 7009: 7002: 6995: 6988: 6981: 6974: 6967: 6960: 6953: 6946: 6939: 6932: 6925: 6918: 6911: 6904: 6897: 6890: 6883: 6876: 6856: 6849: 6842: 6835: 6828: 6821: 6812: 6805: 6798: 6791: 6784: 6777: 6770: 6761: 6754: 6747: 6740: 6733: 6726: 6719: 6712: 6703: 6696: 6689: 6680: 6673: 6666: 6659: 6652: 6645: 6636: 6629: 6622: 6615: 6608: 6601: 6594: 6587: 6580: 6573: 6566: 6559: 6552: 6545: 6536: 6529: 6522: 6515: 6491: 6484: 6477: 6470: 6463: 6456: 6449: 6442: 6435: 6428: 6420: 6401: 6399:Obama transition 6392: 6385: 6378: 6371: 6369:Executive orders 6364: 6357: 6350: 6343: 6334: 6327: 6320: 6313: 6306: 6299: 6292: 6290:Shoeing incident 6285: 6278: 6271: 6262: 6255: 6248: 6241: 6234: 6227: 6220: 6213: 6206: 6199: 6197:2nd inauguration 6192: 6190:1st inauguration 6185: 6175: 6174: 6154: 6147: 6140: 6131: 6130: 6068: 6067: 6065: 6063: 6052: 6046: 6040: 6034: 6033: 6031: 6029: 6019: 6011: 6005: 6004: 6002: 6000: 5985: 5979: 5978: 5963: 5957: 5956: 5936: 5930: 5929: 5927: 5925: 5919: 5911: 5905: 5904: 5902: 5878: 5872: 5871: 5855: 5849: 5848: 5847:. November 2021. 5837: 5831: 5830: 5828: 5826: 5811: 5805: 5804: 5802: 5800: 5785: 5779: 5778: 5776: 5774: 5759: 5753: 5742: 5736: 5735: 5733: 5731: 5716: 5710: 5709: 5707: 5705: 5690: 5684: 5683: 5681: 5679: 5671:The Mercury News 5662: 5656: 5655: 5653: 5651: 5640: 5634: 5633: 5631: 5629: 5618: 5612: 5611: 5609: 5607: 5597: 5589: 5583: 5576: 5570: 5558: 5552: 5545: 5539: 5533: 5527: 5526: 5524: 5522: 5510: 5504: 5503: 5501: 5499: 5488: 5482: 5481: 5479: 5477: 5465: 5459: 5458: 5456: 5454: 5442: 5436: 5435: 5433: 5431: 5425: 5416: 5410: 5409: 5402: 5396: 5395: 5388: 5382: 5381: 5379: 5377: 5356: 5350: 5349: 5347: 5345: 5324: 5318: 5317: 5310:"House Bill 109" 5306: 5300: 5299: 5297: 5291:. Archived from 5286: 5278: 5272: 5271: 5260: 5254: 5253: 5242: 5236: 5235: 5233: 5231: 5216: 5210: 5209: 5207: 5205: 5191: 5185: 5184: 5182: 5180: 5165: 5159: 5158: 5147: 5141: 5140: 5138: 5136: 5127:. Archived from 5121: 5115: 5114: 5112: 5110: 5096: 5090: 5084: 5078: 5072: 5066: 5063:Billings Gazette 5056: 5050: 5044: 5038: 5032: 5026: 5020: 5014: 5013: 5011: 5009: 4995: 4989: 4988: 4986: 4984: 4970: 4964: 4963: 4960:Utah Legislature 4952: 4946: 4945: 4939: 4931: 4925: 4919: 4913: 4907: 4901: 4895: 4889: 4883: 4877: 4864: 4858: 4857: 4855: 4853: 4831: 4825: 4824: 4822: 4820: 4805: 4799: 4798: 4796: 4794: 4772: 4766: 4765: 4764:on May 31, 2007. 4760:. Archived from 4744: 4738: 4729:Curtis Krueger, 4727: 4721: 4720:(March 2, 2015). 4710: 4704: 4703: 4701: 4699: 4694:on July 27, 2011 4690:. Archived from 4684: 4678: 4677: 4675: 4673: 4658: 4652: 4651: 4649: 4647: 4628: 4622: 4615: 4609: 4608: 4596: 4590: 4584: 4578: 4577: 4576:on July 6, 2011. 4572:. Archived from 4566: 4560: 4559: 4552: 4546: 4545: 4543: 4541: 4532:. Archived from 4526: 4520: 4519: 4507: 4501: 4500: 4498: 4496: 4479: 4470: 4469: 4467: 4465: 4451: 4445: 4444: 4442: 4440: 4425: 4419: 4413: 4407: 4401: 4388: 4387: 4380: 4374: 4373: 4366: 4360: 4354: 4348: 4342: 4333: 4332: 4325: 4319: 4318: 4311: 4305: 4304: 4302: 4294: 4288: 4287: 4285: 4277: 4271: 4270: 4268: 4260: 4254: 4253: 4251: 4243: 4237: 4236: 4234: 4226: 4220: 4219: 4208: 4189: 4188: 4181: 4175: 4174: 4163: 4157: 4156: 4145: 4139: 4138: 4127: 4121: 4120: 4109: 4103: 4102: 4091: 4085: 4084: 4073: 4067: 4066: 4055: 4049: 4048: 4037: 4031: 4025: 4019: 4013: 4007: 4006: 3995: 3986: 3985: 3983: 3981: 3974:Thrifty Traveler 3966: 3957: 3951: 3945: 3935: 3929: 3927: 3918: 3912: 3903: 3899: 3894: 3888: 3879: 3875: 3870: 3864: 3855: 3851: 3846: 3840: 3839: 3837: 3835: 3830:. Cato Institute 3823: 3814: 3813: 3806: 3797: 3787: 3774: 3772: 3763: 3752: 3746: 3735: 3726: 3722: 3717: 3708: 3699: 3695: 3690: 3684: 3678: 3672: 3666: 3660: 3651: 3647: 3642: 3636: 3626: 3613: 3607: 3601: 3592: 3588: 3583: 3577: 3571: 3565: 3564: 3557: 3551: 3550: 3543: 3534: 3524: 3515: 3509: 3500: 3499: 3497: 3473: 3458: 3452: 3355:Hia C-eḍ Oʼodham 3201:National ID card 3147:dual sovereignty 2945:Utah legislature 2931: 2755:, among others. 2479: 2447: 2436: 2425: 2402: 2400: 2399: 2390: 2388: 2387: 2375: 2373: 2372: 2363: 2361: 2360: 2348: 2346: 2345: 2336: 2334: 2333: 2324: 2322: 2321: 2309: 2307: 2306: 2297: 2295: 2294: 2285: 2283: 2282: 2273: 2271: 2270: 2258: 2256: 2255: 2246: 2244: 2243: 2234: 2232: 2231: 2222: 2220: 2219: 2188: 2186: 2185: 2176: 2174: 2173: 2164: 2162: 2161: 2152: 2150: 2149: 2140: 2138: 2137: 2128: 2126: 2125: 2113: 2111: 2110: 2101: 2099: 2098: 2089: 2087: 2086: 2077: 2075: 2074: 2065: 2063: 2062: 2053: 2051: 2050: 2038: 2036: 2035: 2026: 2024: 2023: 2011: 2009: 2008: 1999: 1997: 1996: 1987: 1985: 1984: 1975: 1973: 1972: 1963: 1961: 1960: 1951: 1949: 1948: 1939: 1937: 1936: 1927: 1925: 1924: 1915: 1913: 1912: 1903: 1901: 1900: 1888: 1886: 1885: 1876: 1874: 1873: 1848: 1844: 1831: 1829: 1828: 1816: 1814: 1813: 1804: 1802: 1801: 1779: 1777: 1776: 1764: 1762: 1761: 1752: 1750: 1749: 1740: 1738: 1737: 1715: 1713: 1712: 1703: 1701: 1700: 1691: 1689: 1688: 1676: 1674: 1673: 1664: 1662: 1661: 1652: 1650: 1649: 1640: 1638: 1637: 1628: 1626: 1625: 1616: 1614: 1613: 1604: 1602: 1601: 1592: 1590: 1589: 1580: 1578: 1577: 1568: 1566: 1565: 1556: 1554: 1553: 1541: 1539: 1538: 1529: 1527: 1526: 1517: 1515: 1514: 1505: 1503: 1502: 1493: 1491: 1490: 1481: 1479: 1478: 1469: 1467: 1466: 1457: 1455: 1454: 1445: 1443: 1442: 1433: 1431: 1430: 1421: 1419: 1418: 1409: 1407: 1406: 1394: 1392: 1391: 1382: 1380: 1379: 1367: 1365: 1364: 1355: 1353: 1352: 1343: 1341: 1340: 1331: 1329: 1328: 1319: 1317: 1316: 1307: 1305: 1304: 1295: 1293: 1292: 1283: 1281: 1280: 1268: 1266: 1265: 1256: 1254: 1253: 1244: 1242: 1241: 1232: 1230: 1229: 1220: 1218: 1217: 1208: 1206: 1205: 1196: 1194: 1193: 1184: 1182: 1181: 1172: 1170: 1169: 1160: 1158: 1157: 1148: 1146: 1145: 1136: 1134: 1133: 1124: 1122: 1121: 1093: 1089: 1045:Washington, D.C. 1013: 1007: 1001: 995: 989: 981: 975: 969: 963: 957: 951: 950: 708:Marshall Islands 603:federal agencies 577:established the 395:Kucana v. Holder 349:Major amendments 315:on May 3, 2005; 281:Passed the House 276:Senate Judiciary 240:in the House as 122: 49: 42: 38: 21: 8763: 8762: 8758: 8757: 8756: 8754: 8753: 8752: 8718: 8717: 8716: 8711: 8688: 8629:Mexica Movement 8572: 8570: 8563: 8537: 8471: 8424: 8418: 8404:SAFE Act (2015) 8352: 8326: 8265:Human smuggling 8240:Economic impact 8218: 8216: 8209: 8103: 8047: 8045: 8038: 7939: 7883: 7811:1950–1999 7806: 7715:1900–1949 7710: 7681:Page Act (1875) 7644: 7620: 7597: 7595: 7593: 7586: 7580: 7550: 7545: 7536: 7527: 7519: 7512: 7505: 7496: 7489: 7482: 7475: 7468: 7459: 7452: 7445: 7438: 7431: 7423: 7416: 7409: 7402: 7395: 7388: 7381: 7372: 7365: 7358: 7351: 7344: 7337: 7330: 7323: 7314: 7307: 7298: 7291: 7284: 7277: 7270: 7263: 7256: 7249: 7240: 7233: 7226: 7219: 7212:Economic policy 7206: 7199: 7192: 7185: 7178: 7171: 7162: 7155: 7148: 7139: 7132: 7125:Medicare Part D 7123: 7116: 7109:Disaster relief 7107: 7100: 7093: 7086: 7079: 7070: 7063: 7054: 7047: 7040: 7033: 7026: 7019: 7012: 7005: 6998: 6991: 6984: 6977: 6970: 6963: 6956: 6949: 6942: 6935: 6930:9/11 Commission 6928: 6921: 6914: 6907: 6900: 6893: 6886: 6879: 6872: 6865:Domestic policy 6859: 6852: 6845: 6838: 6831: 6824: 6817: 6808: 6801: 6794: 6787: 6782:Afghanistan War 6780: 6773: 6766: 6757: 6750: 6743: 6736: 6729: 6722: 6715: 6708: 6701:Slovakia summit 6699: 6694:Slovenia summit 6692: 6685: 6676: 6669: 6662: 6655: 6648: 6641: 6632: 6625: 6618: 6611: 6604: 6597: 6590: 6583: 6576: 6569: 6562: 6555: 6548: 6541: 6532: 6527:by Colin Powell 6525: 6518: 6511: 6494: 6487: 6480: 6473: 6466: 6459: 6452: 6445: 6438: 6431: 6423: 6415: 6404: 6397: 6388: 6381: 6374: 6367: 6360: 6353: 6346: 6339: 6330: 6323: 6316: 6309: 6302: 6295: 6288: 6281: 6274: 6267: 6258: 6251: 6244: 6237: 6230: 6223: 6216: 6209: 6202: 6195: 6188: 6181: 6164: 6158: 6128: 6076: 6071: 6061: 6059: 6054: 6053: 6049: 6041: 6037: 6027: 6025: 6024:. November 2007 6017: 6013: 6012: 6008: 5998: 5996: 5987: 5986: 5982: 5965: 5964: 5960: 5937: 5933: 5923: 5921: 5917: 5913: 5912: 5908: 5879: 5875: 5856: 5852: 5839: 5838: 5834: 5824: 5822: 5812: 5808: 5798: 5796: 5786: 5782: 5772: 5770: 5760: 5756: 5743: 5739: 5729: 5727: 5718: 5717: 5713: 5703: 5701: 5692: 5691: 5687: 5677: 5675: 5664: 5663: 5659: 5649: 5647: 5642: 5641: 5637: 5627: 5625: 5620: 5619: 5615: 5605: 5603: 5595: 5591: 5590: 5586: 5577: 5573: 5568:Wayback Machine 5559: 5555: 5546: 5542: 5534: 5530: 5520: 5518: 5511: 5507: 5497: 5495: 5490: 5489: 5485: 5475: 5473: 5466: 5462: 5452: 5450: 5443: 5439: 5429: 5427: 5423: 5417: 5413: 5404: 5403: 5399: 5390: 5389: 5385: 5375: 5373: 5358: 5357: 5353: 5343: 5341: 5326: 5325: 5321: 5308: 5307: 5303: 5295: 5284: 5280: 5279: 5275: 5262: 5261: 5257: 5244: 5243: 5239: 5229: 5227: 5217: 5213: 5203: 5201: 5193: 5192: 5188: 5178: 5176: 5166: 5162: 5149: 5148: 5144: 5134: 5132: 5131:on May 28, 2019 5123: 5122: 5118: 5108: 5106: 5098: 5097: 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4124: 4111: 4110: 4106: 4093: 4092: 4088: 4075: 4074: 4070: 4057: 4056: 4052: 4039: 4038: 4034: 4026: 4022: 4014: 4010: 3997: 3996: 3989: 3979: 3977: 3968: 3967: 3960: 3952: 3948: 3936: 3932: 3920: 3919: 3915: 3901: 3895: 3891: 3877: 3871: 3867: 3853: 3847: 3843: 3833: 3831: 3824: 3817: 3808: 3807: 3800: 3788: 3777: 3765: 3764: 3755: 3747: 3738: 3724: 3718: 3711: 3697: 3691: 3687: 3679: 3675: 3667: 3663: 3649: 3643: 3639: 3627: 3616: 3608: 3604: 3590: 3584: 3580: 3572: 3568: 3559: 3558: 3554: 3545: 3544: 3537: 3525: 3518: 3510: 3503: 3474: 3461: 3453: 3424: 3420: 3368: 3347:Sonoyta pupfish 3323: 3297: 3281: 3252: 3210: 3203: 3131: 3115:Missouri Senate 2929: 2910: 2817: 2771:Hillary Clinton 2707: 2559: 2510:in the case of 2499: 2498: 2497: 2487: 2482: 2481: 2480: 2469: 2468: 2467: 2466: 2450: 2449: 2448: 2439: 2438: 2437: 2428: 2427: 2426: 2415: 2397: 2395: 2394: 2385: 2383: 2370: 2368: 2367: 2358: 2356: 2343: 2341: 2340: 2331: 2329: 2328: 2319: 2317: 2304: 2302: 2301: 2292: 2290: 2289: 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1461: 1452: 1450: 1449: 1440: 1438: 1437: 1428: 1426: 1425: 1416: 1414: 1413: 1404: 1402: 1389: 1387: 1386: 1377: 1375: 1362: 1360: 1359: 1350: 1348: 1347: 1338: 1336: 1335: 1326: 1324: 1323: 1314: 1312: 1311: 1302: 1300: 1299: 1290: 1288: 1287: 1278: 1276: 1263: 1261: 1260: 1251: 1249: 1248: 1239: 1237: 1236: 1227: 1225: 1224: 1215: 1213: 1212: 1203: 1201: 1200: 1191: 1189: 1188: 1179: 1177: 1176: 1167: 1165: 1164: 1155: 1153: 1152: 1143: 1141: 1140: 1131: 1129: 1128: 1119: 1117: 1084: 1015: 1011: 1009: 1005: 1003: 999: 997: 993: 991: 987: 983: 979: 977: 973: 971: 967: 965: 961: 959: 955: 943: 916: 891: 852: 850:Border security 840:burden of proof 836: 831: 755: 750: 689: 579:9/11 Commission 575:U.S. government 555:driver licenses 547: 510:flights in the 492:driver licenses 488:Act of Congress 472: 370: 362: 358: 344: 341:on May 11, 2005 335:Signed into law 264:House Judiciary 216: 212: 160: 120: 98: 96: 94: 90: 88: 71:Enacted by 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8761: 8751: 8750: 8745: 8740: 8735: 8730: 8713: 8712: 8710: 8709: 8702: 8696: 8694: 8690: 8689: 8687: 8686: 8681: 8679:Save Our State 8676: 8671: 8669:No More Deaths 8666: 8661: 8656: 8651: 8646: 8641: 8636: 8631: 8626: 8621: 8616: 8611: 8606: 8601: 8596: 8591: 8586: 8581: 8575: 8573: 8568: 8565: 8564: 8562: 8561: 8556: 8551: 8545: 8543: 8539: 8538: 8536: 8535: 8530: 8525: 8520: 8515: 8510: 8505: 8500: 8495: 8490: 8485: 8479: 8477: 8473: 8472: 8470: 8469: 8464: 8459: 8454: 8449: 8444: 8439: 8434: 8428: 8426: 8420: 8419: 8417: 8416: 8411: 8406: 8401: 8396: 8391: 8386: 8381: 8376: 8371: 8366: 8360: 8358: 8354: 8353: 8351: 8350: 8345: 8340: 8334: 8332: 8328: 8327: 8325: 8324: 8319: 8314: 8309: 8304: 8302:Labor shortage 8299: 8294: 8289: 8284: 8279: 8274: 8273: 8272: 8262: 8257: 8252: 8247: 8242: 8237: 8232: 8227: 8221: 8219: 8215:Related issues 8214: 8211: 8210: 8208: 8207: 8200: 8192: 8184: 8170: 8166:Barton v. Barr 8162: 8154: 8146: 8138: 8130: 8122: 8113: 8111: 8105: 8104: 8102: 8101: 8096: 8091: 8086: 8081: 8076: 8071: 8061: 8056: 8050: 8048: 8043: 8040: 8039: 8037: 8036: 8031: 8030: 8029: 8024: 8014: 8009: 8004: 7999: 7994: 7989: 7988: 7987: 7982: 7977: 7972: 7967: 7962: 7951: 7949: 7945: 7944: 7941: 7940: 7938: 7937: 7932: 7927: 7922: 7917: 7912: 7907: 7902: 7897: 7891: 7889: 7885: 7884: 7882: 7881: 7876: 7871: 7866: 7861: 7856: 7851: 7846: 7841: 7840: 7839: 7837:Section 287(g) 7834: 7832:Section 212(f) 7820: 7814: 7812: 7808: 7807: 7805: 7804: 7799: 7794: 7789: 7784: 7779: 7774: 7769: 7764: 7759: 7754: 7749: 7744: 7739: 7734: 7729: 7724: 7718: 7716: 7712: 7711: 7709: 7708: 7703: 7698: 7693: 7688: 7683: 7678: 7673: 7668: 7663: 7658: 7652: 7650: 7646: 7645: 7643: 7642: 7628: 7626: 7622: 7621: 7619: 7618: 7613: 7607: 7605: 7598: 7591: 7588: 7587: 7579: 7578: 7571: 7564: 7556: 7547: 7546: 7544: 7543: 7534: 7524: 7521: 7520: 7518: 7517: 7510: 7503: 7502: 7501: 7487: 7480: 7473: 7466: 7465: 7464: 7457: 7450: 7436: 7428: 7426: 7418: 7417: 7415: 7414: 7407: 7400: 7393: 7386: 7379: 7378: 7377: 7370: 7356: 7349: 7342: 7335: 7328: 7321: 7320: 7319: 7305: 7304: 7303: 7300:Red Flags Rule 7296: 7282: 7275: 7268: 7261: 7254: 7247: 7246: 7245: 7238: 7224: 7216: 7214: 7208: 7207: 7205: 7204: 7197: 7190: 7183: 7176: 7169: 7168: 7167: 7153: 7146: 7145: 7144: 7130: 7129: 7128: 7114: 7113: 7112: 7105: 7091: 7084: 7077: 7076: 7075: 7061: 7060: 7059: 7052: 7045: 7038: 7031: 7024: 7017: 7010: 7003: 6996: 6989: 6982: 6975: 6968: 6961: 6954: 6947: 6940: 6933: 6926: 6912: 6905: 6898: 6891: 6884: 6877: 6869: 6867: 6861: 6860: 6858: 6857: 6850: 6843: 6836: 6829: 6822: 6815: 6814: 6813: 6810:2008 Iraq SOFA 6806: 6803:financial cost 6799: 6792: 6789:2002 Iraq AUMF 6785: 6778: 6764: 6763: 6762: 6755: 6748: 6741: 6734: 6720: 6713: 6706: 6705: 6704: 6697: 6687:Russia summits 6683: 6682: 6681: 6667: 6660: 6653: 6646: 6639: 6638: 6637: 6630: 6623: 6616: 6609: 6602: 6595: 6588: 6581: 6574: 6567: 6560: 6546: 6539: 6538: 6537: 6530: 6516: 6508: 6506: 6504:Foreign policy 6500: 6499: 6496: 6495: 6493: 6492: 6485: 6478: 6471: 6464: 6457: 6450: 6443: 6436: 6429: 6421: 6412: 6410: 6406: 6405: 6403: 6402: 6395: 6394: 6393: 6386: 6379: 6372: 6358: 6351: 6344: 6337: 6336: 6335: 6328: 6321: 6314: 6307: 6293: 6286: 6279: 6272: 6265: 6264: 6263: 6256: 6249: 6242: 6235: 6228: 6221: 6214: 6200: 6193: 6186: 6178: 6172: 6166: 6165: 6157: 6156: 6149: 6142: 6134: 6111: 6110: 6097: 6075: 6074:External links 6072: 6070: 6069: 6047: 6035: 6006: 5980: 5958: 5931: 5906: 5893:(4): 356–366. 5873: 5850: 5832: 5806: 5780: 5754: 5737: 5711: 5685: 5657: 5635: 5613: 5584: 5571: 5553: 5540: 5528: 5505: 5483: 5460: 5437: 5411: 5397: 5383: 5351: 5319: 5301: 5273: 5255: 5237: 5211: 5186: 5160: 5151:"Bill Actions" 5142: 5116: 5091: 5079: 5067: 5051: 5039: 5027: 5015: 4990: 4965: 4947: 4926: 4914: 4902: 4898:H.R. 1117 4890: 4878: 4859: 4841:Democracy Now! 4826: 4800: 4767: 4748:Leahy, Patrick 4739: 4722: 4705: 4679: 4653: 4623: 4610: 4591: 4579: 4561: 4547: 4521: 4502: 4471: 4446: 4420: 4408: 4404:Identification 4389: 4375: 4361: 4349: 4334: 4320: 4306: 4289: 4272: 4255: 4238: 4221: 4190: 4176: 4158: 4140: 4122: 4104: 4086: 4068: 4050: 4032: 4020: 4008: 3987: 3958: 3946: 3930: 3913: 3889: 3865: 3841: 3815: 3798: 3775: 3753: 3736: 3709: 3685: 3673: 3669:H.R. 3398 3661: 3637: 3629:49 U.S.C. 3614: 3602: 3578: 3566: 3552: 3535: 3516: 3501: 3488:(3): 398–422. 3459: 3455:H.R. 1268 3421: 3419: 3416: 3415: 3414: 3409: 3404: 3399: 3394: 3389: 3384: 3379: 3374: 3367: 3364: 3359:Tohono Oʼodham 3343:Sonoran Desert 3327:border barrier 3322: 3319: 3296: 3293: 3280: 3277: 3251: 3248: 3202: 3199: 3139:Anthony Romero 3130: 3127: 3028:South Carolina 2909: 2906: 2841:must pass bill 2816: 2813: 2809:driver license 2719:Cato Institute 2706: 2703: 2681: 2680: 2677: 2672: 2663: 2657: 2651: 2645: 2634: 2629: 2619: 2600: 2591: 2585: 2558: 2555: 2553:is compliant. 2535:U.S. nationals 2492:issued by the 2484: 2483: 2474: 2473: 2472: 2471: 2470: 2452: 2451: 2442: 2441: 2440: 2431: 2430: 2429: 2420: 2419: 2418: 2417: 2416: 2414: 2411: 2408: 2407: 2380: 2353: 2350:South Carolina 2314: 2263: 2211: 2210: 2207: 2204: 2201: 2198: 2194: 2193: 2166:North Carolina 2118: 2043: 2016: 1893: 1865: 1864: 1861: 1858: 1855: 1852: 1837: 1836: 1833:American Samoa 1821: 1806:North Carolina 1793: 1792: 1789: 1785: 1784: 1769: 1729: 1728: 1725: 1721: 1720: 1681: 1546: 1519:South Carolina 1399: 1372: 1273: 1113: 1112: 1109: 1106: 1103: 1100: 1097: 1083: 1080: 1060: 1059: 1056: 1053: 1050: 1047: 1017: 1016: 1010: 1004: 998: 992: 986: 984: 978: 972: 966: 960: 954: 942: 941:Implementation 939: 915: 912: 890: 887: 860:border barrier 851: 848: 835: 832: 830: 827: 814: 813: 806: 799: 792: 791: 788: 784: 768: 754: 751: 749: 746: 693:federal judges 688: 685: 666:George W. Bush 561:issued by the 546: 543: 474: 473: 471: 470: 469:___ (2024) 450: 449:___ (2020) 430: 429:___ (2020) 410: 390: 387: 386: 379: 378: 351: 350: 346: 345: 343: 342: 339:George W. Bush 332: 310: 307:H.R. 1268 296: 289:H.R. 1268 287:; appended to 278: 257: 234: 231: 230: 226: 225: 218:49 U.S.C. 155: 151: 150: 144: 140: 139: 135: 134: 124: 116: 115: 110: 106: 105: 101: 100: 83: 79: 78: 72: 68: 67: 55: 51: 50: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8760: 8749: 8746: 8744: 8741: 8739: 8736: 8734: 8731: 8729: 8726: 8725: 8723: 8708: 8707: 8703: 8701: 8698: 8697: 8695: 8693:Documentaries 8691: 8685: 8682: 8680: 8677: 8675: 8672: 8670: 8667: 8665: 8662: 8660: 8657: 8655: 8652: 8650: 8647: 8645: 8642: 8640: 8637: 8635: 8632: 8630: 8627: 8625: 8622: 8620: 8617: 8615: 8612: 8610: 8607: 8605: 8602: 8600: 8597: 8595: 8592: 8590: 8587: 8585: 8582: 8580: 8577: 8576: 8574: 8571:organizations 8566: 8560: 8557: 8555: 8552: 8550: 8547: 8546: 8544: 8540: 8534: 8531: 8529: 8526: 8524: 8521: 8519: 8516: 8514: 8511: 8509: 8506: 8504: 8501: 8499: 8496: 8494: 8491: 8489: 8486: 8484: 8481: 8480: 8478: 8474: 8468: 8465: 8463: 8460: 8458: 8455: 8453: 8450: 8448: 8445: 8443: 8440: 8438: 8437:Castle Garden 8435: 8433: 8430: 8429: 8427: 8421: 8415: 8412: 8410: 8407: 8405: 8402: 8400: 8397: 8395: 8392: 8390: 8387: 8385: 8382: 8380: 8377: 8375: 8372: 8370: 8367: 8365: 8362: 8361: 8359: 8355: 8349: 8346: 8344: 8341: 8339: 8336: 8335: 8333: 8329: 8323: 8320: 8318: 8315: 8313: 8310: 8308: 8305: 8303: 8300: 8298: 8295: 8293: 8290: 8288: 8285: 8283: 8280: 8278: 8275: 8271: 8268: 8267: 8266: 8263: 8261: 8258: 8256: 8253: 8251: 8248: 8246: 8243: 8241: 8238: 8236: 8233: 8231: 8228: 8226: 8225:2006 protests 8223: 8222: 8220: 8212: 8206: 8205: 8201: 8199: 8197: 8193: 8191: 8189: 8185: 8182: 8181: 8180:Wolf v. Vidal 8176: 8175: 8171: 8169: 8167: 8163: 8161: 8159: 8155: 8152: 8151: 8147: 8145: 8143: 8139: 8137: 8135: 8131: 8129: 8127: 8123: 8121: 8119: 8115: 8114: 8112: 8110: 8106: 8100: 8097: 8095: 8092: 8090: 8087: 8085: 8082: 8080: 8077: 8075: 8072: 8069: 8065: 8062: 8060: 8057: 8055: 8052: 8051: 8049: 8046:organizations 8041: 8035: 8032: 8028: 8025: 8023: 8020: 8019: 8018: 8015: 8013: 8010: 8008: 8005: 8003: 8000: 7998: 7995: 7993: 7990: 7986: 7983: 7981: 7978: 7976: 7973: 7971: 7968: 7966: 7963: 7961: 7958: 7957: 7956: 7953: 7952: 7950: 7946: 7936: 7933: 7931: 7928: 7926: 7923: 7921: 7918: 7916: 7913: 7911: 7908: 7906: 7903: 7901: 7898: 7896: 7893: 7892: 7890: 7886: 7880: 7877: 7875: 7872: 7870: 7867: 7865: 7862: 7860: 7857: 7855: 7852: 7850: 7847: 7845: 7842: 7838: 7835: 7833: 7830: 7829: 7828: 7824: 7821: 7819: 7816: 7815: 7813: 7809: 7803: 7800: 7798: 7795: 7793: 7790: 7788: 7785: 7783: 7780: 7778: 7775: 7773: 7770: 7768: 7765: 7763: 7760: 7758: 7755: 7753: 7750: 7748: 7745: 7743: 7740: 7738: 7735: 7733: 7730: 7728: 7725: 7723: 7720: 7719: 7717: 7713: 7707: 7704: 7702: 7699: 7697: 7694: 7692: 7689: 7687: 7684: 7682: 7679: 7677: 7674: 7672: 7669: 7667: 7664: 7662: 7659: 7657: 7654: 7653: 7651: 7647: 7641: 7637: 7633: 7630: 7629: 7627: 7623: 7617: 7614: 7612: 7609: 7608: 7606: 7602: 7599: 7589: 7584: 7577: 7572: 7570: 7565: 7563: 7558: 7557: 7554: 7541: 7540: 7535: 7532: 7531: 7526: 7525: 7522: 7515: 7511: 7508: 7504: 7499: 7495: 7494: 7492: 7488: 7485: 7481: 7478: 7474: 7471: 7467: 7462: 7458: 7455: 7451: 7448: 7444: 7443: 7441: 7437: 7434: 7430: 7429: 7427: 7425: 7422:Environmental 7419: 7412: 7408: 7405: 7401: 7398: 7394: 7391: 7387: 7384: 7380: 7375: 7371: 7368: 7364: 7363: 7361: 7357: 7354: 7350: 7347: 7343: 7340: 7336: 7333: 7329: 7326: 7322: 7317: 7313: 7312: 7310: 7306: 7301: 7297: 7294: 7290: 7289: 7287: 7283: 7280: 7276: 7273: 7269: 7266: 7262: 7259: 7255: 7252: 7248: 7243: 7239: 7236: 7232: 7231: 7229: 7228:Bush tax cuts 7225: 7222: 7218: 7217: 7215: 7213: 7209: 7202: 7198: 7195: 7191: 7188: 7184: 7181: 7177: 7174: 7170: 7165: 7161: 7160: 7158: 7154: 7151: 7147: 7142: 7138: 7137: 7135: 7131: 7126: 7122: 7121: 7119: 7115: 7110: 7106: 7103: 7099: 7098: 7096: 7092: 7089: 7085: 7082: 7078: 7073: 7069: 7068: 7066: 7062: 7057: 7053: 7050: 7046: 7043: 7039: 7036: 7032: 7029: 7025: 7022: 7018: 7015: 7011: 7008: 7004: 7001: 6997: 6994: 6990: 6987: 6983: 6980: 6976: 6973: 6969: 6966: 6962: 6959: 6955: 6952: 6948: 6945: 6941: 6938: 6934: 6931: 6927: 6924: 6920: 6919: 6917: 6913: 6910: 6906: 6903: 6899: 6896: 6892: 6889: 6885: 6882: 6878: 6875: 6871: 6870: 6868: 6866: 6862: 6855: 6851: 6848: 6844: 6841: 6837: 6834: 6830: 6827: 6823: 6820: 6816: 6811: 6807: 6804: 6800: 6797: 6793: 6790: 6786: 6783: 6779: 6776: 6772: 6771: 6769: 6768:War on terror 6765: 6760: 6756: 6753: 6749: 6746: 6742: 6739: 6735: 6732: 6728: 6727: 6725: 6721: 6718: 6714: 6711: 6707: 6702: 6698: 6695: 6691: 6690: 6688: 6684: 6679: 6675: 6674: 6672: 6668: 6665: 6661: 6658: 6654: 6651: 6647: 6644: 6640: 6635: 6631: 6628: 6624: 6621: 6617: 6614: 6610: 6607: 6603: 6600: 6596: 6593: 6589: 6586: 6582: 6579: 6575: 6572: 6568: 6565: 6561: 6558: 6554: 6553: 6551: 6547: 6544: 6540: 6535: 6531: 6528: 6524: 6523: 6521: 6517: 6514: 6513:Bush Doctrine 6510: 6509: 6507: 6505: 6501: 6490: 6486: 6483: 6479: 6476: 6472: 6469: 6465: 6462: 6458: 6455: 6451: 6448: 6444: 6441: 6437: 6434: 6430: 6426: 6422: 6418: 6414: 6413: 6411: 6407: 6400: 6396: 6391: 6387: 6384: 6380: 6377: 6373: 6370: 6366: 6365: 6363: 6359: 6356: 6352: 6349: 6345: 6342: 6338: 6333: 6332:controversies 6329: 6326: 6322: 6319: 6318:Harriet Miers 6315: 6312: 6308: 6305: 6301: 6300: 6298: 6294: 6291: 6287: 6284: 6280: 6277: 6273: 6270: 6266: 6261: 6257: 6254: 6250: 6247: 6243: 6240: 6236: 6233: 6229: 6226: 6222: 6219: 6215: 6212: 6208: 6207: 6205: 6201: 6198: 6194: 6191: 6187: 6184: 6180: 6179: 6176: 6173: 6171: 6167: 6162: 6155: 6150: 6148: 6143: 6141: 6136: 6135: 6132: 6126: 6122: 6121: 6116: 6109: 6105: 6101: 6098: 6096: 6093: 6089: 6085: 6081: 6078: 6077: 6057: 6051: 6044: 6039: 6023: 6016: 6010: 5994: 5990: 5984: 5976: 5972: 5968: 5962: 5954: 5950: 5946: 5942: 5935: 5916: 5910: 5901: 5896: 5892: 5888: 5884: 5877: 5869: 5865: 5861: 5854: 5846: 5842: 5836: 5821: 5817: 5810: 5795: 5791: 5784: 5769: 5765: 5758: 5751: 5747: 5741: 5725: 5721: 5715: 5699: 5695: 5689: 5673: 5672: 5667: 5661: 5645: 5639: 5623: 5617: 5601: 5594: 5588: 5581: 5575: 5569: 5565: 5562: 5557: 5550: 5544: 5537: 5532: 5521:September 16, 5516: 5509: 5498:September 16, 5493: 5487: 5476:September 16, 5471: 5464: 5453:September 16, 5448: 5441: 5430:September 16, 5422: 5415: 5407: 5401: 5393: 5387: 5371: 5367: 5366: 5361: 5355: 5339: 5335: 5334: 5329: 5323: 5315: 5311: 5305: 5294: 5290: 5283: 5277: 5269: 5265: 5259: 5251: 5247: 5241: 5226: 5222: 5215: 5200: 5196: 5190: 5175: 5171: 5164: 5156: 5152: 5146: 5130: 5126: 5120: 5105: 5101: 5095: 5088: 5083: 5076: 5071: 5064: 5060: 5055: 5048: 5043: 5036: 5031: 5024: 5019: 5004: 5003:www.akleg.gov 5000: 4994: 4979: 4978:www.akleg.gov 4975: 4969: 4961: 4957: 4951: 4943: 4936: 4930: 4923: 4918: 4911: 4906: 4899: 4894: 4887: 4882: 4875: 4871: 4868: 4863: 4847: 4843: 4842: 4837: 4830: 4814: 4810: 4804: 4788: 4784: 4783: 4778: 4771: 4763: 4759: 4758: 4753: 4749: 4743: 4736: 4732: 4726: 4719: 4715: 4709: 4693: 4689: 4683: 4668: 4664: 4657: 4641: 4637: 4633: 4627: 4620: 4614: 4606: 4602: 4595: 4588: 4583: 4575: 4571: 4565: 4557: 4551: 4535: 4531: 4525: 4517: 4513: 4506: 4491:. May 8, 2007 4490: 4489: 4484: 4478: 4476: 4460: 4456: 4450: 4435: 4431: 4424: 4417: 4412: 4405: 4400: 4398: 4396: 4394: 4385: 4379: 4371: 4365: 4358: 4353: 4346: 4341: 4339: 4330: 4324: 4316: 4310: 4299: 4293: 4282: 4276: 4265: 4259: 4248: 4242: 4231: 4225: 4217: 4213: 4207: 4205: 4203: 4201: 4199: 4197: 4195: 4186: 4180: 4172: 4168: 4162: 4154: 4150: 4144: 4136: 4132: 4126: 4118: 4114: 4108: 4100: 4096: 4090: 4082: 4078: 4072: 4064: 4060: 4054: 4046: 4042: 4036: 4029: 4024: 4017: 4012: 4004: 4000: 3994: 3992: 3980:September 13, 3975: 3971: 3965: 3963: 3955: 3950: 3943: 3940: 3934: 3928:, Schedule A. 3926: 3923: 3917: 3910: 3907: 3900: 3893: 3886: 3883: 3876: 3869: 3862: 3859: 3852: 3845: 3829: 3826:Harper, Jim. 3822: 3820: 3811: 3805: 3803: 3795: 3792: 3786: 3784: 3782: 3780: 3771: 3768: 3762: 3760: 3758: 3750: 3745: 3743: 3741: 3733: 3730: 3723: 3716: 3714: 3706: 3703: 3696: 3689: 3682: 3677: 3670: 3665: 3658: 3655: 3648: 3641: 3634: 3630: 3625: 3623: 3621: 3619: 3611: 3610:H.R. 418 3606: 3599: 3596: 3589: 3582: 3575: 3570: 3562: 3556: 3548: 3542: 3540: 3532: 3529: 3523: 3521: 3513: 3508: 3506: 3496: 3491: 3487: 3483: 3479: 3472: 3470: 3468: 3466: 3464: 3456: 3451: 3449: 3447: 3445: 3443: 3441: 3439: 3437: 3435: 3433: 3431: 3429: 3427: 3422: 3413: 3410: 3408: 3405: 3403: 3400: 3398: 3395: 3393: 3390: 3388: 3385: 3383: 3380: 3378: 3375: 3373: 3370: 3369: 3363: 3360: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3336: 3332: 3328: 3318: 3316: 3310: 3307: 3303: 3292: 3291:individuals. 3290: 3285: 3276: 3273: 3268: 3266: 3261: 3256: 3247: 3245: 3240: 3234: 3232: 3228: 3224: 3220: 3216: 3215:no2realid.org 3208: 3198: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3167: 3162: 3158: 3155: 3150: 3148: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3126: 3122: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3107: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3096:West Virginia 3093: 3089: 3085: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3068:Massachusetts 3065: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3045: 3041: 3037: 3033: 3029: 3025: 3021: 3017: 3013: 3012:New Hampshire 3009: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2985: 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