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482:, beginning with Part II, Bucke explains how animals developed the senses of hearing and seeing. Further development culminated in the ability to experience and enjoy music. Bucke states that, initially, only a small number of humans were able to see colors and experience music. But eventually these new abilities spread throughout the human race until only a very small number of people were unable to experience colors and music.
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185:. Some of his surgical treatments proved deeply controversial. After adopting the Victorian-era theory that mental illness in women was often due to defective reproductive organs, Bucke began performing surgical removals of these organs from female patients. He continued this practice until his death, despite receiving increasing amounts of criticism from the medical health care community.
404:. Bucke's friend, Carpenter, had derived the term "cosmic consciousness" from the Eastern term "universal consciousness." In his description of his personal experience, Bucke combined his recollection with thoughts of another of his friends, Caleb Pink ("C.P.")—and others—and recorded his experience in a poetic style.
99:
Horatio W. Bucke had given up the profession of religious minister, and trusted his family's income to their
Ontario farm. A sibling in a large family, Richard Maurice Bucke was a typical farm boy of that era. He was an athletic boy who enjoyed a good ball game. When he left home at the age of 16, he
488:
Bucke’s vision of the world was profoundly optimistic. He wrote in Part I (“First Words”) “that the universe is so built and ordered that without any peradventure all things work together for the good of each and all, that the foundation principle of the world is what we call love and that the
298:
The supreme occurrence of that night was his real and sole initiation to the new and higher order of ideas. But it was only an initiation. He saw the light but had no more idea whence it came and what it meant than had the first creature that saw the light of the
471:
Within self-consciousness, there exist gradations among individuals in their degrees of intellectual development and talent. (Bucke considered that no doubt there would be gradations within the level of cosmic consciousness, as well.)
410:
was a book which he researched and wrote over a period of many years. It was published in 1901 and has been reprinted several times since then. In it, Bucke describes his own experience, the experiences of contemporaries (most notably
1504:
143:, where he delivered a distinguished thesis in 1862. Although he practiced general medicine briefly as a ship's surgeon (in order to pay for his sea travel), he later specialized in psychiatry. He did his internship in
293:
Bucke's personal experience of the inner state had yet another attribute, mentioned separately by the author: the vivid sense of the universe as a living presence, rather than as basically lifeless, inert matter.
549:
Bucke's concept of cosmic consciousness took on a life of its own (though not always well understood) and influenced the thought and writings of many other people. His work is directly referenced by the mystics
475:
Among the effects of humanity's natural evolutionary progression, Bucke believed he detected a long historical trend in which religious conceptions and theologies had become less and less frightening.
33:
485:
In Part III, Bucke hypothesizes that the next stage of human development, which he calls "cosmic consciousness," is slowly beginning to appear and will eventually spread throughout all of humanity.
522:
Bucke later testified that he was "lifted to and set upon a higher plane of existence" because of his friendship with
Whitman. He published a biography of Whitman in 1883 and was one of Whitman's
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303:
Bucke did not immediately record the details and interpretation of his experience. This was not done until years later, and only after he had researched much of the world's literature on
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1799:
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88:, the son of Rev. Horatio Walpole Bucke (a parish curate) and his wife Clarissa Andrews. The parents and their children emigrated to Canada when he was a year old, settling near
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58:. Bucke was a friend of several noted men of letters in Canada, the United States, and England. Besides publishing professional articles, Bucke wrote three non-fiction books:
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1652:
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263:
In 1872, after an evening of stimulating conversation with his friend Walt
Whitman in the countryside, Richard M Bucke was traveling back to London in a buggy when he had a
169:
Bucke returned to Canada in 1864 and married Jessie Gurd in 1865; they had eight children. In
January 1876, Bucke became the superintendent of the Asylum for the Insane in
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2012:
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2006:
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108:. Along the way, Bucke worked at various odd jobs. He was part of a travelling party who had to fight for their lives when they were attacked by a group of
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On 19 February 1902, Bucke slipped on a patch of ice in front of his home and struck his head. He died a few hours later without regaining consciousness.
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515:, he notes that his cosmic consciousness experience occurred following a night reading Whitman and Romantic poets. Later, he met Whitman in 1877 in
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Franklin
Merrell-Wolff's Experience and Philosophy: A Personal Record of Transformation and a Discussion of Transcendental Consciousness
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393:. The book is a compilation of various theories rather than strictly a simple record of his original mystical experience.
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267:. He later described the characteristics and effects of the faculty of experiencing this type of consciousness as:
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594:, "What Bucke describes as cosmic consciousness is, in my opinion, precisely the experience which is called
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In the winter of 1857–58, he was nearly frozen to death in the mountains of
California, where he was
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177:, a post he held for nearly the remainder of his life. In his work with asylum inmates, he was a
123:. As a result, a foot and several of his toes were amputated. He then returned to Canada via the
20:
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1988:
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1401:
Stevenson, George Hope (1937). "The Life and Work of
Richard Maurice Bucke: An Appraisal".
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Richard
Maurice Bucke, Medical Mystic: Letters of Dr. Bucke to Walt Whitman and his Friends
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563:
512:
264:
182:
68:
54:. Eventually, as a psychiatrist, he headed the provincial Asylum for the Insane in London,
702:
8:
2047:
1384:
Victorian Lunacy: Richard M. Bucke and the
Practice of Late Nineteenth-Century Psychiatry
604:" and that "Bucke's book is perhaps the book most germane to the topic of this article."
19:
This article is about the
Canadian psychiatrist. For the Colonial Virginia minister, see
665:
641:. His papers are held at Western University's Archives and Research Collections Centre.
454:
Bucke developed a theory that posited three stages in the development of consciousness:
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cosmic consciousness — an emerging faculty which is the next stage of human development
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the self-consciousness of the mass of humanity (encompassing reason, imagination, and
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of a silver-mining party. He had to walk out over the mountains and suffered extreme
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Bucke was deeply involved in the poetry scene in America and had friends among the
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1918:
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Mysticism: A Study of the Nature and Development of Man's Spiritual Consciousness
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Bucke was part of a movement that sought to improve the care and treatment of
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in the late 19th century. An adventurer during his youth, Bucke later studied
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173:. In 1877, he was appointed head of the provincial Asylum for the Insane in
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127:, probably in 1858. Henry Mills Hurd says he returned to Canada in 1860.
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43:(18 March 1837 – 19 February 1902), often called Maurice Bucke, was a
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1422:
Whitman, Walt (1992). Greenland, Cyril; Colombo, John Robert (eds.).
575:
571:
555:
304:
120:
44:
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The Institutional Care of the Insane in the United States and Canada
774:
Bucke, R. M. (1997). Greenland, Cyril; Colombo, John Robert (eds.).
529:
In 1882, Bucke was elected to the English Literature Section of the
198:
428:
424:
140:
81:
51:
188:
85:
55:
1176:
Hurd, Henry Mills; Drewry, William Francis; et al. (1917).
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Cosmic Consciousness: A Study in the Evolution of the Human Mind
725:
Cosmic Consciousness: A Study in the Evolution of the Human Mind
704:
Cosmic Consciousness: A Study in the Evolution of the Human Mind
694:
Cosmic Consciousness: A Study in the Evolution of the Human Mind
390:
Cosmic Consciousness: A Study in the Evolution of the Human Mind
69:
Cosmic Consciousness: A Study in the Evolution of the Human Mind
799:
776:
The New Consciousness: Selected Papers of Richard Maurice Bucke
596:
489:
happiness of every one is in the long run absolutely certain.”
401:
178:
144:
911:
Restoring Perspective: Life & Treatment at London's Asylum
432:
416:
1300:
Journey to Cosmic Consciousness: The Life of Dr. R. M. Bucke
985:
311:
and had corresponded with many others about this subject.
755:
Bucke, R. M.; Whitman, W. (1977). Lozynsky, Artem (ed.).
492:
1096:
Bucke, Richard M. (June 1883). "Twenty-five years ago".
885:
883:
637:
He was one of the founders of the Medical School of the
511:, an American poet, and was deeply impressed by it. In
415:), and the experiences of historical figures, including
181:
who encouraged organized sports and what is now called
1072:
1048:
938:
936:
868:
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501:, especially those who were poets. In 1869, he read
396:
Bucke borrowed the term "cosmic consciousness" from
162:. Comte's belief that religion, if by that is meant
1228:
Be As You Are: The Teachings of Sri Ramana Maharshi
960:
933:
921:
847:
845:
843:
841:
839:
837:
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1272:The Cosmic Consciousness of Dr. Richard M. Bucke
856:
274:a subjective experience of light ("inner light")
213:, potentially preventing the article from being
400:, who had traveled and studied religion in the
834:
519:, and the two developed a lasting friendship.
1505:
1244:
991:
2543:McGill University Faculty of Medicine alumni
1462:Collections at University of Western Ontario
1132:(Rev. ed.). Toronto: Henry S. Saunders.
754:
112:, on whose territory they were trespassing.
1171:. Vol. 1. India: Sri Aurobindo Ashram.
1136:Transactions of The Royal Society of Canada
1512:
1498:
1358:. Vol. I. New York University Press.
1297:
1194:(1st ed.). London: Chatto and Windus.
1175:
889:
851:
828:
233:reliable, independent, third-party sources
154:He was for several years an enthusiast of
130:
80:Richard Maurice Bucke was born in 1837 in
1328:
1266:
1029:
1004:
759:. Detroit: Wayne State University Press.
696:(1st ed.). E. P. Dutton and Company.
371:Learn how and when to remove this message
251:Learn how and when to remove this message
1354:(2007) . Miller, Edward Haviland (ed.).
1222:
1054:
334:This section includes a list of general
227:by replacing them with more appropriate
31:
1467:Works by or about Richard Maurice Bucke
1451:Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
1350:
979:
314:
210:too closely associated with the subject
23:. For the modern British sprinter, see
2510:
1252:. State University of New York Press.
1184:
1016:
493:Involvement with poetry and literature
151:. During that time he visited France.
1493:
1316:
1205:The Varieties of Religious Experience
1198:
1163:
1141:
1127:
1104:
1095:
1078:
1066:
1042:
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862:
773:
747:Diary of R. Maurice Bucke, M.D., C.M.
743:
722:
700:
691:
663:
623:has become part of the foundation of
614:The Varieties of Religious Experience
1288:
954:
320:
192:
189:Experience of "cosmic consciousness"
1457:Notes on Bucke at McGill University
1382:Shortt, Samuel Edward Dole (1986).
1180:. Vol. 4. Johns Hopkins Press.
458:the simple consciousness of animals
13:
1374:
778:. Toronto: Colombo & Company.
340:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
2569:
1442:
586:was asked about Bucke's concept.
16:Canadian psychiatrist (1837–1902)
2548:Pre-Confederation Ontario people
2538:Expatriates in the United States
1525:American Psychiatric Association
1324:. San Francisco: Harper Collins.
710:. Philadelphia: Innes & Sons
670:. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
325:
208:may rely excessively on sources
197:
72:, which is his best-known work.
1147:Psychoanalysis and Zen Buddhism
1130:Richard Maurice Bucke: A Sketch
1105:Bucke, Richard Maurice (2009).
1100:. (Second series) (6): 553–560.
1035:
1022:
997:
972:
657:
592:Psychoanalysis and Zen Buddhism
1476:Works by Richard Maurice Bucke
1403:American Journal of Psychiatry
1386:. Cambridge University Press.
1291:The Angel of the Mental Orient
1088:
899:
1:
2558:University of Western Ontario
1226:(1989). Godman, David (ed.).
810:
639:University of Western Ontario
617:(which cites Bucke), Bucke's
582:extensively in his work and
75:
1230:. Penguin Publishing Group.
1208:. Harvard University Press.
1149:. George Allen & Unwin.
815:
667:Man's Moral Nature: An Essay
7:
1426:. Toronto: Hounslow Press.
793:
679:. Philadelphia: D. Mackay.
149:University College Hospital
10:
2574:
1794:Carlos Frederick MacDonald
1298:Rechnitzer, Peter (1993).
648:in the 1990 Canadian film
558:, and it was essential to
18:
2553:Province of Canada people
2350:
2189:
2028:
1869:
1704:
1531:
1293:. London: William Reeves.
1128:Coyne, James H. (1923) .
544:
280:intellectual illumination
2168:Perry Clement Talkingten
2013:William Claire Menninger
1274:. Kessinger Publishing.
1191:The Perennial Philosophy
890:Hurd & Drewry (1917)
625:transpersonal psychology
536:
1943:Charles Macfie Campbell
1246:Merrell-Wolff, Franklin
1032:, pp. 7, 193, 255.
907:"The Hysterical Female"
531:Royal Society of Canada
355:more precise citations.
286:loss of a fear of death
131:Medicine and psychiatry
21:Richard Buck (chaplain)
2533:Canadian psychiatrists
2007:Winfred Overholser Sr.
1806:Edward Nathaniel Brush
1569:Thomas Story Kirkbride
1539:Samuel Bayard Woodward
1336:. Dover Publications.
1113:: Dover Publications.
744:Bucke, R. M. (1971) .
552:Franklin Merrell-Wolff
301:
289:loss of a sense of sin
283:a sense of immortality
37:
36:Richard Maurice Bucke.
1860:William Alanson White
1854:Thomas William Salmon
1824:Elmer Ernest Southard
1683:Richard Maurice Bucke
1424:Walt Whitman's Canada
1415:10.1176/ajp.93.5.1127
723:Bucke, R. M. (2015).
701:Bucke, R. M. (1905).
692:Bucke, R. M. (1901).
675:Bucke, R. M. (1883).
664:Bucke, R. M. (1879).
296:
271:its sudden appearance
160:positivist philosophy
139:'s medical school in
41:Richard Maurice Bucke
35:
2528:19th-century mystics
2358:Daniel B. Borenstein
2180:John Patrick Spiegel
2132:Harvey John Tompkins
2072:Francis J. Braceland
1989:Edward Adam Strecker
1955:Richard H. Hutchings
1949:Ross McClure Chapman
1842:Albert Moore Barrett
1677:Theophilus O. Powell
1485:Archives finding aid
1322:Why Religion Matters
1289:Pink, Caleb (1895).
992:Merrell-Wolff (1994)
917:on 11 November 2020.
644:He was portrayed by
632:mentally ill persons
620:Cosmic Consciousness
580:cosmic consciousness
564:perennial philosophy
513:Cosmic Consciousness
480:Cosmic Consciousness
408:Cosmic Consciousness
316:Cosmic Consciousness
265:religious experience
183:occupational therapy
2150:Raymond W. Waggoner
2108:C. H. Hardin Branch
2066:R. Finley Gayle Jr.
2048:Donald Ewen Cameron
2019:George S. Stevenson
1967:George H. Stevenson
1764:Arthur F. Kilbourne
1758:Charles P. Bancroft
1134:Reprinted from the
2490:Rebecca W. Brendel
2418:Carol A. Bernstein
2412:Alan F. Schatzberg
2400:Carolyn Robinowitz
2364:Richard K. Harding
2239:H. Keith H. Brodie
2233:Daniel X. Freedman
2227:Donald G. Langsley
2215:Jules H. Masserman
2060:Arthur Percy Noyes
2001:Samuel W. Hamilton
1937:Clarence O. Cheney
1913:William L. Russell
1776:Charles W. Pilgrim
1545:William Maclay Awl
1356:The Correspondence
727:. Merchant Books.
651:Beautiful Dreamers
562:'s concept of the
524:literary executors
517:Camden, New Jersey
135:Bucke enrolled in
60:Man's Moral Nature
38:
2505:
2504:
2472:Bruce J. Schwartz
2436:Jeffrey Lieberman
2388:Steven Sharfstein
2376:Marcia Kraft Goin
2370:Paul S. Appelbaum
2317:Mary Jane England
2299:Joseph T. English
2293:Lawrence Hartmann
2287:Elissa P. Benedek
2269:George H. Pollock
2042:Leo H. Bartemeier
2036:John C. Whitehorn
1983:Arthur H. Ruggles
1973:H. Douglas Singer
1907:Walter M. English
1877:C. Floyd Haviland
1848:Henry W. Mitchell
1812:Charles G. Wagner
1770:William F. Drewry
1718:Robert J. Preston
1480:Project Gutenberg
1449:Biography at the
1343:978-0-486-42238-1
1330:Underhill, Evelyn
1120:978-0-486-47190-7
1111:Mineola, New York
1081:, pp. 1–477.
877:, pp. 26–30.
852:Rechnitzer (1993)
829:Rechnitzer (1993)
381:
380:
373:
261:
260:
253:
171:Hamilton, Ontario
137:McGill University
125:Isthmus of Panama
117:the sole survivor
2565:
2454:Maria A. Oquendo
2335:Rodrigo A. Muñoz
2329:Herbert S. Sacks
2305:John S. McIntyre
2263:Robert O. Pasnau
2203:Robert W. Gibson
2156:Robert S. Garber
2102:Walter E. Barton
2084:Francis J. Gerty
2078:Harry C. Solomon
2054:Kenneth E. Appel
1961:William C. Sandy
1931:C. Fred Williams
1740:T. J. W. Burgess
1728:G. Adler Bloomer
1724:A. B. Richardson
1695:Joseph G. Rogers
1689:Henry Mills Hurd
1563:Andrew McFarland
1551:Luther Vose Bell
1514:
1507:
1500:
1491:
1490:
1471:Internet Archive
1437:
1418:
1397:
1369:
1347:
1325:
1313:
1302:. Quarry Press.
1294:
1285:
1268:Ouspensky, P. D.
1263:
1241:
1224:Maharshi, Ramana
1219:
1195:
1181:
1172:
1165:Ghose, Aurobindo
1160:
1133:
1124:
1101:
1098:Overland Monthly
1082:
1076:
1070:
1064:
1058:
1052:
1046:
1039:
1033:
1030:Underhill (2002)
1026:
1020:
1014:
1008:
1005:Ouspensky (2005)
1001:
995:
989:
983:
978:Miller (ed.) in
976:
970:
964:
958:
952:
946:
940:
931:
925:
919:
918:
913:. Archived from
903:
897:
887:
878:
872:
866:
860:
854:
849:
832:
826:
789:
770:
751:
738:
719:
717:
715:
709:
697:
688:
671:
611:'s classic work
568:Evelyn Underhill
398:Edward Carpenter
376:
369:
365:
362:
356:
351:this section by
342:inline citations
329:
328:
321:
256:
249:
245:
242:
236:
201:
193:
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2572:
2568:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2563:
2562:
2508:
2507:
2506:
2501:
2496:Petros Levounis
2442:Paul Summergrad
2346:
2311:Jerry M. Wiener
2251:John A. Talbott
2185:
2174:Alfred Freedman
2138:Henry W. Brosin
2096:Robert H. Felix
2090:William Malamud
2024:
1977:James King Hall
1925:George H. Kirby
1919:James Vance May
1883:George M. Kline
1865:
1818:James V. Anglin
1800:Samuel E. Smith
1788:James T. Searcy
1752:Charles G. Hill
1734:A. E. Macdonald
1700:
1593:J. H. Callender
1581:Charles Nichols
1527:
1518:
1445:
1440:
1434:
1421:
1400:
1394:
1381:
1377:
1375:Further reading
1372:
1366:
1344:
1310:
1282:
1260:
1238:
1216:
1169:The Life Divine
1157:
1121:
1091:
1086:
1085:
1077:
1073:
1065:
1061:
1055:Maharshi (1989)
1053:
1049:
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1036:
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990:
986:
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953:
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873:
869:
861:
857:
850:
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827:
823:
818:
813:
796:
786:
767:
750:Canada: (n.p.).
735:
713:
711:
707:
674:
660:
584:Ramana Maharshi
547:
539:
504:Leaves of Grass
495:
377:
366:
360:
357:
347:Please help to
346:
330:
326:
319:
277:moral elevation
257:
246:
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1018:
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361:December 2023
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241:December 2023
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206:This section
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156:Auguste Comte
152:
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2448:Renée Binder
2341:Allan Tasman
2275:Paul J. Fink
2120:Daniel Blain
1901:Earl D. Bond
1895:Samuel Orton
1682:
1647:Daniel Clark
1599:John P. Gray
1450:
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1143:Fromm, Erich
1135:
1129:
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1079:James (1985)
1074:
1067:Fromm (1960)
1062:
1050:
1043:Ghose (1973)
1037:
1024:
1012:
999:
987:
974:
969:, p. 7.
967:Bucke (2009)
962:
950:
943:Bucke (2009)
930:, p. 8.
928:Bucke (2009)
923:
915:the original
910:
901:
875:Coyne (1923)
870:
863:Bucke (1883)
858:
824:
775:
756:
746:
724:
712:. Retrieved
703:
693:
677:Walt Whitman
676:
666:
658:Publications
649:
643:
636:
629:
618:
612:
606:
602:Zen Buddhism
595:
591:
574:. In India,
548:
540:
528:
521:
509:Walt Whitman
502:
496:
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413:Walt Whitman
407:
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262:
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238:
223:Please help
207:
168:
164:spirituality
153:
134:
114:
104:and then to
100:traveled to
98:
94:Upper Canada
79:
67:
64:Walt Whitman
63:
59:
48:psychiatrist
40:
39:
29:
25:Richard Buck
2523:1902 deaths
2518:1837 births
2498:(2023–2024)
2492:(2022–2023)
2486:(2021–2022)
2480:(2020–2021)
2474:(2019–2020)
2468:(2018–2019)
2462:(2017–2018)
2456:(2016–2017)
2450:(2015–2016)
2444:(2014–2015)
2438:(2013–2014)
2432:(2012–2013)
2426:(2011–2012)
2424:John Oldham
2420:(2010–2011)
2414:(2009–2010)
2408:(2008–2009)
2402:(2007–2008)
2396:(2006–2007)
2390:(2005–2006)
2384:(2004–2005)
2378:(2003–2004)
2372:(2002–2003)
2366:(2001–2002)
2360:(2000–2001)
2343:(1999–2000)
2337:(1998–1999)
2331:(1997–1998)
2325:(1996–1997)
2323:Harold Eist
2319:(1995–1996)
2313:(1994–1995)
2307:(1993–1994)
2301:(1992–1993)
2295:(1991–1992)
2289:(1990–1991)
2283:(1989–1990)
2281:Herb Pardes
2277:(1988–1989)
2271:(1987–1988)
2265:(1986–1987)
2259:(1985–1986)
2253:(1984–1985)
2247:(1983–1984)
2241:(1982–1983)
2235:(1981–1982)
2229:(1980–1981)
2223:(1979–1980)
2217:(1978–1979)
2211:(1977–1978)
2205:(1976–1977)
2199:(1975–1976)
2197:Judd Marmor
2182:(1974–1975)
2176:(1973–1974)
2170:(1972–1973)
2164:(1971–1972)
2158:(1970–1971)
2152:(1969–1970)
2146:(1968–1969)
2140:(1967–1968)
2134:(1966–1967)
2128:(1965–1966)
2122:(1964–1965)
2116:(1963–1964)
2110:(1962–1963)
2104:(1961–1962)
2098:(1960–1961)
2092:(1959–1960)
2086:(1958–1959)
2080:(1957–1958)
2074:(1956–1957)
2068:(1955–1956)
2062:(1954–1955)
2056:(1953–1954)
2050:(1952–1953)
2044:(1951–1952)
2038:(1950–1951)
2021:(1949–1950)
2015:(1948–1949)
2009:(1947–1948)
2003:(1946–1947)
1997:(1944–1946)
1991:(1943–1944)
1985:(1942–1943)
1979:(1941–1942)
1969:(1940–1941)
1963:(1939–1940)
1957:(1938–1939)
1951:(1937–1938)
1945:(1936–1937)
1939:(1935–1936)
1933:(1934–1935)
1927:(1933–1934)
1921:(1932–1933)
1915:(1931–1932)
1909:(1930–1931)
1903:(1929–1930)
1897:(1928–1929)
1891:(1927–1928)
1889:Adolf Meyer
1885:(1926–1927)
1879:(1925–1926)
1862:(1924–1925)
1856:(1923–1924)
1850:(1922–1923)
1844:(1921–1922)
1838:(1920–1921)
1832:(1919–1920)
1826:(1918–1919)
1820:(1917–1918)
1814:(1916–1917)
1808:(1915–1916)
1802:(1914–1915)
1796:(1913–1914)
1790:(1912–1913)
1784:(1911–1912)
1782:Hubert Work
1778:(1910–1911)
1772:(1909–1910)
1766:(1908–1909)
1760:(1907–1908)
1754:(1906–1907)
1748:(1905–1906)
1742:(1904–1905)
1736:(1903–1904)
1730:(1902–1903)
1720:(1901–1902)
1714:(1900–1901)
1697:(1899–1900)
1691:(1898–1899)
1685:(1897–1898)
1679:(1896–1897)
1673:(1895–1896)
1667:(1894–1895)
1661:(1893–1894)
1659:John Curwen
1655:(1892–1893)
1649:(1891–1892)
1643:(1890–1891)
1637:(1889–1890)
1631:(1888–1889)
1625:(1887–1888)
1619:(1886–1887)
1613:(1885–1886)
1607:(1884–1885)
1605:Pliny Earle
1601:(1883–1884)
1595:(1882–1883)
1589:(1879–1882)
1583:(1873–1879)
1577:(1870–1873)
1571:(1862–1870)
1565:(1859–1862)
1559:(1855–1859)
1553:(1851–1855)
1547:(1848–1851)
1541:(1844–1848)
1089:Works cited
1069:, p. .
957:, p. .
955:Pink (1895)
831:, p. .
714:31 December
607:Along with
588:Erich Fromm
449:Ramakrishna
385:magnum opus
353:introducing
2512:Categories
2394:Pedro Ruiz
1746:C. B. Burr
1521:Presidents
892:, p.
811:References
766:0814315763
646:Colm Feore
463:foresight)
421:Saint Paul
336:references
225:improve it
215:verifiable
106:California
76:Early life
2190:1975–2000
2029:1950–1975
1870:1925–1950
1836:Owen Copp
1705:1900–1925
1557:Isaac Ray
1532:1844–1900
1332:(2002) .
1202:(1985) .
816:Citations
685:859421735
590:says, in
576:Aurobindo
572:mysticism
556:Ouspensky
305:mysticism
229:citations
121:frostbite
1320:(2001).
1270:(2005).
1248:(1994).
1188:(1946).
1167:(1973).
1145:(1960).
794:See also
499:literati
429:Plotinus
425:Muhammad
383:Bucke's
179:reformer
141:Montreal
82:Methwold
52:medicine
45:Canadian
1523:of the
1469:at the
1138:, 1906.
349:improve
219:neutral
86:England
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