594:
528:
386:
299:
459:
Henry crossed over to
Ireland in October 1172 and stayed there for six months, stationing his own men where needed. His rule in Ireland was accepted by both the Gaelic and the Norman lords, and the relationship between him and Richard was restored. Richard, in fact, also agreed to help Henry with the
1256:
James Graves, 'Armorial bearings of
Strongbow', Gentleman's magazine and historical review, ccxvi, 1 (March 1864), 362–3; 'On the arms of Richard de Clare', Gentleman's magazine and historical review, ccxviii, 1 (April 1865), 403–8; ccxvix, 2 (July 1865), 3–11; (August 1865), 207–8;(November 1865),
371:, Dermot's eldest daughter, in marriage, along with the succession to the crown if it was regained. Since Henry II's letter to Dermot was general in nature, Richard wanted to obtain the king's specific consent to travel to Ireland. In 1168 he raised the issue at court and he was granted permission.
616:
claimed was "that of
Strongbow’s son, whom his father had cleft in twain for cowardice in battle", although "no contemporary authors" mention any such tale. Richard de Clare's actual tomb effigy was destroyed when the roof of the Cathedral collapsed in 1562. The effigy was replaced by "Strongbow’s
625:", in 1570. "The larger figure dates from c. 1330, while the smaller is probably late thirteenth- or early fourteenth-century. What is clear is that the present tomb replaced the original. The tomb’s shield is not that of the de Clare family and today remains unidentified".
731:
Aline was born well before her father married Aoife, daughter of Dermot. That both she and her unnamed sister were illegitimate is indicated by the fact that neither inherited anything from their father's great holdings. See: Cokayne,
1270:(Dublin: Hodges, Foster, & Figgis, 1878), p. 66 notes no more than a 'fearful malediction ... pronounced against him by a Bishop of Ferns' citing King's Church History, ii, 622 and Haverty's 'History of Ireland', p. 256.
1257:
551–63 gives the best summary. Stuart
Kinsella summarised the most recent work in a lecture to the conference on 'Monuments and Monumentality in Later Medieval and Early Modern Europe' at Stirling University in August 2011
717:
where the Viking raiders settled, marrying Gaelic women and slightly acculturating to Gaelic customs (such as naming practices, MacGiollamhuire, MacTurkill, etc.), Dublin being the most famous. See: James F. Lydon,
940:
Brut y
Tywysogyon or The Chronicle of the Princes. Peniarth Ms. 20 version, ed. and trans. T. Jones , 65. Richard vabGilbert Stragbow, Brenhinedd y Saeson or The Kings of the Saxons, ed. and trans. T. Jones , p.
452:
and Wales (which he had confiscated) in exchange for the conquered possessions in
Ireland. Richard accepted and surrendered Dublin, Waterford and other fortresses to the English king, only keeping
38:
1366:
571:
265:
Gilbert died in about 1148, and
Richard inherited his father’s possessions when he was roughly 18 years old. It is possible that the title of Earl of Pembroke was never recognized, and in 1154
593:
492:. King Henry II took Richard's possessions for himself and placed a royal official in charge of them, protecting the inheritance of Richard's children. Richard's wife
1139:
A J Otway-Ruthven; Kathleen Hughes, "A History of
Medieval Ireland" (London: Ernest Benn Limited; New York: Barnes & Noble Inc., 1968), p. 48
759:
230:
In reality, Stranghose is probably a different spelling of
Striguil. In the 14th century, the nickname was finally rendered as "Strongbow".
652:
refer to his father, while those to "Strongbow" in
Tintern abbey refer probably to Walter or Anselm Marshall, both of whom died in 1245.
1028:
1404:
577:
504:
247:
196:
133:
444:
to Henry II to appease the king who was growing worried with Richard's increasing power. Henry offered to return Richard's lands in
503:
Richard was first succeeded by his son Gilbert. When Gilbert died, still a minor, the inheritance passed onto Richard's daughter
425:
to join the force; however, a royal messenger arrived to forbid him to go. Richard sailed anyway and ignored the king's wishes.
1349:
239:
177:
143:
881:
851:
825:
780:
512:
200:
1429:
367:
Dermot came to an agreement with Richard: if the latter helped the deposed king in the retaking of Leinster, he could have
931:
Goodrich Castle and the families of Godric Mapson, Monmouth, Clare, Marshall, Montchesney, Valence, Despenser and Talbot
1419:
641:
632:
Richard de Clare was buried in Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin, within sight of the cross according to an eyewitness,
972:
626:
333:
173:
1399:
678:
605:
598:
481:
360:, Dermot tried to rally some forces, but failed. This is when he met Richard De Clare and the other lords of the
111:
1280:
907:
1409:
1231:
165:
1424:
356:, in the autumn, but Henry only sent him a letter and did not offer his military support. On his return to
219:, written between 1300 and 1304 (that means, over 120 years after Richard's death), he was referred to as "
195:
After his son and heir, Gilbert, died childless before 1189, the earldom passed through Richard's daughter
1394:
464:
in 1173 and as a reward he was given his possession of Leinster back. In 1174 he tried to advance into
436:. Richard, in turn, claimed the kingship in the right of his wife. At the same time he sent his uncle,
380:
764:
The Complete Peerage; or, A History of the House of Lords and All its Members from the Earliest Times
317:
1414:
1022:
325:
461:
618:
480:
Richard de Clare died in June 1176 of an infection in either his leg or foot. He was buried in
429:
755:
508:
437:
321:
185:
215:, official documents, with few exceptions, were written in Latin; in the Domesday Exchequer
1389:
1384:
1325:
702:
This may be a mistranscription or mistranslation of "Striguil", see Cognomen section below.
649:
489:
329:
8:
996:
M.T. Flanagan, 'Clare, Richard fitz Gilbert de, second earl of Pembroke (c. 1130–1176)',
789:
485:
349:
337:
302:
266:
100:
629:"described Strongbow’s tomb astutely as ‘the least authentic and the most remarkable’."
1340:
683:
613:
441:
398:
341:
255:
75:
877:
857:
847:
821:
793:
776:
661:
493:
469:
368:
251:
121:
1356:
673:
556:
259:
243:
157:
527:
815:
637:
636:. There is little evidence to support the tradition that he was buried either in
633:
277:. In fact, Richard’s contemporaries referred to him as "Count Striguil", for his
270:
48:
535:
390:
310:
223:, which translates to "Richard, known as Stranghose, earl of Striguil" (modern
1378:
1017:
869:
766:. Vol. X: Oakham – Richmond (2nd ed.). London: St. Catherine Press.
422:
361:
1268:
Inscriptions on the monuments, mural tablets &c, Christ Church Cathedral
861:
385:
811:
622:
421:
between 1169 and 1170. On 23 August 1170, Richard embarked on his ships at
402:
278:
298:
1021:
645:
609:
516:
274:
212:
500:
rights and possibly held Striguil until the Welsh rebellion of 1184/85.
344:, 15 years prior. In order to recover his kingdom, Dermot embarked from
1032:. Vol. 21 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 78.
820:(1st ed.). Berkeley, Los Angeles: University of California Press.
433:
1288:
713:
564:
539:
414:
353:
67:
567:), Richard de Clare married Aoife MacMurrough. Their children were:
172:), was an Anglo-Norman nobleman notable for his leading role in the
581:
282:
224:
161:
612:
is located. Next to it lies a "smaller half-sized monument" which
584:
in 1185 (on the death of her brother) until her own death in 1220.
1081:, ed. R. F. Foster (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000), p. 57
549:
Aline de Clare, married William FitzMaurice FitzGerald, baron of
545:
By an unknown mistress, Richard de Clare fathered two daughters:
465:
453:
449:
410:
406:
345:
754:
908:"Richard FitzGilbert, 2nd earl of Pembroke | Anglo-Norman lord"
445:
418:
216:
96:
497:
357:
269:
deprived Richard of the title for siding against his mother,
773:
A Baronial Family in Medieval England: The Clares, 1217-1314
37:
550:
71:
846:(2nd ed.). New Haven; London: Yale University Press.
902:
900:
538:, a romanticised depiction of the union in the ruins of
897:
953:
432:
claimed the kingdom of Leinster in accordance to the
397:
Dermot and Richard raised a large army, commanded by
720:
The Making of Ireland: From Ancient Times to Present
1232:"ARTEFACTS: 'Strongbow's tomb'—nothing to deClare"
221:Ricardus cognomento Stranghose Comes Strugulliae"
1376:
604:Richard de Clare was first interred in Dublin's
507:. Isabel, on the wishes of Henry II and his son
563:On about 26 August 1171, in Reginald's Tower (
246:and his wife, Isabel de Beaumont, daughter of
180:, Richard is commonly known by his nickname,
1225:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1209:(Dublin: M.H. Gill & Son, 1878), p. 130
1165:
1163:
722:(London; New York: Routledge, 1998), p. 21.
648:. References to "de Clare" being buried in
1079:The Oxford Illustrated History of Ireland
578:Isabel de Clare, 4th Countess of Pembroke
134:Isabel de Clare, 4th Countess of Pembroke
16:12th-century Anglo-Norman lord in Ireland
1229:
1212:
1160:
1016:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1006:
959:
770:
758:; Doubleday, H. A.; White, Geoffrey H.;
592:
526:
384:
297:
998:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
868:
475:
1377:
1199:
1036:
841:
810:
798:. Vol. I. Oxford: Clarendon Press
572:Gilbert de Clare, 3rd Earl of Pembroke
515:, who became the Earl of Pembroke for
374:
144:Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke
131:Gilbert de Clare, 3rd Earl of Pembroke
1130:(London: Penguin Group, 1993), p. 126
1003:
788:
655:
522:
428:Dermot died in May 1171, and his son
795:Ireland under the Normans, 1169–1216
348:on 1 August 1166 to ask for help to
532:The Marriage of Strongbow and Aoife
13:
775:, Johns Hopkins University Press,
642:Christ Church Cathedral, Waterford
580:, who became Countess of Pembroke
484:, together with his uncle-in-law,
14:
1441:
1405:Earls of Pembroke (1138 creation)
1306:
1169:Cokayne 1945, Appendix H, p. 103
1000:, Oxford University Press (2004)
627:Marc Marie, Marquis de Bombelles
238:Richard de Clare was the son of
174:Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland
47:Richard de Clare as depicted by
36:
1273:
1260:
1250:
1207:A compendium of Irish biography
1190:
1181:
1172:
1151:
1142:
1133:
1120:
1111:
1102:
1093:
1084:
1072:
1063:
1054:
1045:
725:
705:
679:The Song of Dermot and the Earl
599:Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin
324:, was deprived of his title by
112:Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin
1230:Kinsella, Stuart (June 2019).
990:
965:
944:
934:
925:
842:Warren, Wilfred Lewis (2000).
696:
309:) among the other kingdoms of
1:
743:
409:and took the Ostman towns of
293:
258:. Richard also had a sister,
233:
93:20 April 1176 (aged 45 or 46)
891:
405:archers. The army sailed in
156:(1130 – 20 April 1176), 2nd
7:
1430:Lords Lieutenant of Ireland
667:
482:Holy Trinity Church, Dublin
206:
10:
1446:
1023:"Pembroke, Earls of"
771:Altschul, Michael (2019),
748:
646:Dominican priory, Kilkenny
638:St Edan's Cathedral, Ferns
574:, who died a minor in 1185
555:Basilia de Clare, married
381:Norman invasion of Ireland
378:
1420:People from Pembrokeshire
1363:
1354:
1346:
1339:
1332:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1108:Kostick 2013, pp. 142-143
876:. Dublin: O'Brien Press.
588:
511:, was given in spouse to
389:Detail of Strongbow from
288:
285:where he had a fortress.
139:
127:
117:
107:
82:
60:
55:(The Conquest of Ireland)
30:
23:
1196:Cokayne 1945, pp. 358–64
689:
660:The English cider brand
559:, Constable of Leinster.
468:but was defeated in the
1029:Encyclopædia Britannica
912:Encyclopedia Britannica
606:Christ Church Cathedral
189:
1400:Anglo-Normans in Wales
1238:. History Publications
756:Cokayne, George Edward
601:
542:
394:
332:, for having abducted
313:
1410:People from Tonbridge
1051:Orpen 1911, pp. 85–89
812:Warren, Wilfred Lewis
596:
530:
509:Richard the Lionheart
438:Hervey de Montmorency
388:
352:. He met the king in
301:
254:and mistress of King
1326:Justiciar of Ireland
1187:Cokayne 1945, p. 357
1178:Cokayne 1945, p. 356
950:Cokayne 1945, p. 352
790:Orpen, Goddard Henry
736:, X, Appendix H, 103
664:is named after him.
650:Gloucester Cathedral
608:, where a purported
490:Archbishop of Dublin
476:Death and succession
330:High King of Ireland
199:and to her husband,
168:(sometimes known as
166:Justiciar of Ireland
53:Expugnatio Hibernica
1425:Earls of Buckingham
1157:Warren 2000, p. 200
1148:Warren 2000, p. 197
1069:Kostick 2013, p. 94
1060:Warren 1973, p. 114
1042:Warren 1973, p. 193
973:"Clare, Richard de"
760:Scott-Ellis, Thomas
634:Giraldus Cambrensis
617:distant successor,
375:Campaign in Ireland
350:Henry II of England
170:Richard FitzGilbert
1395:Normans in Ireland
1341:Peerage of England
1314:Political offices
1128:A History of Wales
1117:Orpen 1911, p. 184
684:Normans in Ireland
656:In popular culture
614:Richard Stanyhurst
602:
597:Strongbow's tomb,
543:
523:Marriage and issue
399:Raymond FitzGerald
395:
322:Dermot MacMurrough
314:
248:Robert de Beaumont
147:Isabel de Beaumont
1373:
1372:
1364:Succeeded by
1281:"About Strongbow"
1099:Orpen 1911, p. 93
1090:Orpen 1911, p. 91
883:978-1-84717-200-6
853:978-0-300-08474-0
827:978-0-520-02282-9
782:978-1-4214-3617-3
470:battle of Thurles
430:Donal MacMurrough
401:, which included
393:'s painting below
252:Earl of Leicester
151:
150:
122:Aoife MacMurrough
1437:
1367:Gilbert de Clare
1357:Earl of Pembroke
1350:Gilbert de Clare
1347:Preceded by
1311:
1310:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1287:. Archived from
1285:strongbow.com.au
1277:
1271:
1266:John Finlayson,
1264:
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582:in her own right
557:Robert de Quincy
486:Laurence O'Toole
462:revolt in France
338:Tiernan O'Rourke
318:King of Leinster
279:marcher lordship
260:Basilea de Clare
244:Earl of Pembroke
240:Gilbert de Clare
158:Earl of Pembroke
154:Richard de Clare
92:
90:
40:
25:Richard de Clare
21:
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1291:on 7 March 2019
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197:Isabel de Clare
160:, also Lord of
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917:20 November
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610:tomb effigy
517:jure uxoris
434:Brehon laws
334:Dervorgilla
275:the Anarchy
213:Middle Ages
211:During the
1379:Categories
1361:1148–1168
1330:1173–1176
1320:New office
744:References
714:longphorts
534:(1854) by
379:See also:
294:Background
234:Early life
178:his father
89:1176-04-20
1242:16 August
982:8 October
892:Citations
874:Strongbow
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668:See also
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162:Leinster
128:Children
1334:Unknown
749:Sources
466:Munster
454:Kildare
450:England
442:embassy
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690:Notes
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