Rolls-Royce R - Knowledge

1058: 2840: 932: 1386: 1637: 31: 1167: 784: 1742: 2938: 511: 345: 997:. For this race the engine's rating was increased by 400 hp (300 kW) to 2,300 hp (1,700 kW). The Italian and French entrants however, failed to ready their aircraft and crews in time for the competition, and the remaining British team set both a new world speed record at 379 mph (610 km/h) and, unopposed, won the trophy outright with a third consecutive victory. "The Flight" was wound up within weeks of the 1931 win as there were to be no more Schneider Trophy contests. The original Trophy is on display in the 768:; however, starting problems were encountered during pre-race testing at Calshot due to moisture in the air and water contamination of the fuel. A complicated test procedure was devised to ensure clean fuel for competition flights since more than 0.3% water content made it unusable. As expected, minor engine failures continued to be experienced, and to counter this engines and parts were transported at high speed between Derby and Calshot using an adapted 3049: 668:. Superchargers could be tested on a separate rig that was driven by another Kestrel engine. Eight men were required to run a test cell, led by the "Chief Tester" who had the tasks of logging the figures and directing the other operators. One of these chief testers was Victor Halliwell who later lost his life whilst on board the water speed record contender 272:

Schneider Trophy seaplane. Shortly after this the engine's name was changed to R for "Racing". An official British Government contract to proceed with the project was not awarded until February 1929, leaving Rolls-Royce six months to develop the engine before the planned Schneider Trophy competition

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back together and had the long job of lapping in all 48 valves. It was a terrible job because the engine was two monoblocs, which meant that you couldn't just lift off the heads, you had to lift what amounted to two separate engines and even then getting the valves in was no easy task. But old Don

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seizures, while considerably more trouble than expected occurred with valve springs; at one time two or three would be found broken after a 10-minute run, but the continual redesigning and testing of components reduced all these problems. Unknown to Royce himself, the engineers had also fitted

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Villa was first employed by Malcolm Campbell in 1922, and continued in the service of Donald Campbell until 1967, when Campbell was killed during a record attempt on Coniston Water. He was the chief caretaker of their R engines until the last R-powered record attempt in 1951, after which his

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responsibilities centred on Campbell's jet engines. Villa's many responsibilities included installing and removing the engines, repairing and tuning them, and operating the compressed air and magneto for starting them. During the World War II years, he was responsible for the upkeep of

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with the new Rolls-Royce R engine retained the Schneider Trophy for Great Britain with an average speed of 328.63 mph (529 km/h), and also gained the 50 km and 100 km (31 mi and 62 mi) world speed records. The records were subsequently beaten when

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His relationship with Malcolm Campbell was strained at times: Campbell, with no engineering background, would often question Villa's intimate knowledge of the R engine, but his relations with Donald Campbell were much better, as they were of a similar age. At

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design, ability to run at high revolutions due to its structural strength, and the special blends of fuel used. The double-sided supercharger impeller was a new development for Rolls-Royce: running at a ratio of almost 8:1, it could supply intake air at up to

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New airspeed records were set after the 1929 and 1931 Schneider Trophy contests, both achieved using the R engine. In the two decades before World War II, the quest to break the land speed record was hotly contested, particularly so in the early 1930s.

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Schneider Trophy winner had reached the peak of its development, and that for Britain's entrant in the next race to be competitive a new, more powerful engine design was required. The first configuration drawing of the "Racing H" engine, based on the

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Further attempt at the 1-hour test, crankshaft failure after 34 minutes. Rebuilt but experienced a second crankshaft failure after 58 minutes, power output of 2,360 hp (1,760 kW) at 3,200 rpm noted just prior to failure.

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were among the engine types used in the 1920s. The Rolls-Royce R was the latest development in high-powered aero engine design at the time, and was chosen by several makers of land speed record-contending cars; the engine was also chosen for

384:". This was initially achieved by fitting one connecting rod inside the other at the lower end in a blade and fork arrangement; however, after cracking of the connecting rods was found during testing in 1931, the rod design was changed to an 1944:

machined. The crankcase modifications decreased over-oiling by 75%, a new scraper ring was suggested to cure the remainder. Fuel/air distribution problem due to new manifold design – return to the original Buzzard manifold suggested.

821:, but was otherwise a completely new design that first ran in the Experimental Department in November 1939. Although this single engine was never flown, the production version, the Griffon II, first flew in 1941 installed in the 3400:"Wet liners" are formed separately from the main cylinder block casting so that liquid coolant is free to flow around their outsides. As a result, wet-lined cylinders have better cooling and a more even temperature distribution. 1757:

Nineteen R engines were produced at Derby between 1929 and 1931, all given odd serial numbers. This was a Rolls-Royce convention when the propeller rotated anticlockwise when viewed from the front, but an exception was made for

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and supercharger drives to the front of the engine to reduce overall length. Another length-reducing measure was the use of a single magneto (the R had two, mounted at the rear), this again was moved to the front of the engine.

611:. The engine was further tested and cleared for limited sprint racing at 2,783 hp (2,075 kW) at 3,400 rpm and +21 lb (1.45 bar) of boost, but this capability was not used due to concerns with the S.6B's 760:

to witness the trials, and with their assistance one cylinder bank was removed, the damaged piston replaced and the cylinder refurbished. This work was completed overnight and allowed the team to continue in the competition.

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during water speed record attempt by Donald Campbell, salvaged, hull broken up and burnt on the shore. Suspected structural failure of the boat's engine mounts after driveshaft breakage at 170 mph (270 km/h).

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Of the size only of an office desk ... this 12-cylinder supercharged racing engine is more powerful than an express locomotive. Its design is stated to be so valuable that it is still on the Government's secret

2315:. This was the only R engine originally made as an anticlockwise unit – hence it had a different crankshaft, camshaft and ancillaries. Contrary to Rolls-Royce convention it was given an odd engine number. 498:, which accounts for the frequent reports of black smoke seen issuing from the engine exhaust stubs. Although this robbed the engine of some power, it increased reliability and reduced the possibility of 3874:

AVIA13/122 (Air Ministry and successors: Royal Aircraft Establishment (from 1988, Royal Aerospace Establishment)). National Archives, Kew (UK). www.nationalarchives.gov.uk. Retrieved 15 October 2009.

175:(2,090 kW), and weighed 1,640 pounds (770 kg). Intensive factory testing revealed mechanical failures which were remedied by redesigning the components, greatly improving reliability. 607:(rpm). With increased boost ratings and fuel developed by Banks, the R engine ultimately developed 2,530 hp (1,890 kW) at 3,200 rpm; well over double the maximum power output of the 1573:

born to a Swiss father, who was described as "the man behind the Campbells" and a central figure who "fitted the first nut to the first bolt". Villa learnt his trade of "aircraft mechanic" in the

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capsized at high speed after possibly hitting a log. Shortly before his death Segrave learnt that he had set a new water speed record of just under 100 mph (160 km/h). On 18 July 1932,

701:. Up to 200 gal (900 L) of the special fuel blend had to be mixed for each test, 80 gal (360 L) of which were used just to warm the engine to operating temperature. The same 864:

prototype fighter aircraft. Technological advances used in the R engine, such as sodium-cooled valves and spark plugs able to operate under high boost pressures, were incorporated into the

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to this mixture resulted in a 20 hp (15 kW) increase, with the further advantage of reduced fuel weight – particularly important for aircraft use – due to its lowered

395:, a Rolls-Royce engine designer, as there were inherent problems with the arrangement. The complicated geometry meant that a pair of rods had different effective lengths, giving a longer 841:

dated October and November 1932, to test four engines to destruction. This document states that there were five engines available for test purposes, the fifth to be used for a standard

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fitted to each cylinder. This is common practise for aero engines, as it ensures continued operation in the case of a single magneto failure, and has the advantage of more efficient

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was added to prevent intermittent misfiring; the composition of this final blend was 30% benzole, 60% methanol, and 10% acetone, plus 4.2 cc of tetra-ethyl lead per gallon.

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of 1939, of the same exact bore/stroke and resultant displacement figures as the "R" design. Three examples of the R engine are on public display in British museums as of 2014.

4426: 682:. Development time was short and the deafening sound of three Kestrels and an R engine running at high power for 24 hours a day took its toll on the local population. The 483:

skins. The S.6 was described at the time as a "flying radiator", and it had been estimated that this coolant system dissipated the equivalent of 1,000 hp (745 kW) of

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in flight. However, even with this system in use, engine overheating was noted during the race flights, requiring the pilots to reduce the throttle setting to maintain a safe

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into the shape of the aircraft's nose, the air intake was positioned in the vee of the engine (which also helped to avoid the ingress of spray), and beneath the engine the

3871: 376:. The engine's length was minimised by not staggering its cylinder banks fore and aft, which meant that the connecting rods from opposing cylinders had to share a short 982:

engine developed for the 1931 contest; effectively a coupled, double AS.5 that suffered from technical problems. With the assistance of Rod Banks, the AS.6 powered the

584:(4.5 L) was tried. This blend of fuel was used to win the 1929 Schneider Trophy race, and continued to be used until June 1931. It was discovered that adding 10% 421:

stems for improved cooling, while additional modifications included a redesigned lower crankcase casting and the introduction of an oil scraper ring below the piston

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To make the R as compact as possible, several design modifications were made in comparison to the Buzzard: the propeller reduction gear housing was reshaped, and the

806:, was used for "Moderately Supercharged Buzzard development" (which was not proceeded with until much later), and bore no direct relationship to the volume-produced 475:

as heat exchangers, employing a double-skinned structure through which the coolant could circulate. Engine oil was cooled in a similar manner using channels in the

46:. The rectangular red objects are the exhaust ports blanking plates which would be replaced by the exhaust stubs/pipes when fitted to an aircraft or other vehicle 697:. The majority of this was spat out of the exhaust ports and smothered the test cell walls, milk being given to staff to minimise the effects of this well-known 2152:

for sea trials and attempted first flight – aircraft refused to takeoff due to handling problems. All modifications to date were incorporated in this engine.

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failure due to the combined power of the engines. Nevertheless, he took the record in November 1937, reaching 312 mph (502 km/h), and in 1938 when

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placed first and second. 1927 was the last annual competition, the event then moving onto a biannual schedule to allow more development time between races.

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In 1932, Campbell stated that he "... was fortunate in procuring a special R.R. Schneider Trophy engine" for his land speed record car to replace its

5356: 5301: 5148: 5081: 4969: 4722: 1762:, the sole clockwise-rotation R engine. There is some confusion as to whether 19 or 20 R engines were produced. In his notes Leo Villa refers to an 3436:

The American and French entrants for 1929 withdrew before the start of the contest through a combination of technical problems and lack of training.

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The source is unclear as to the exact meaning of this statement – it may refer to the total force exerted on the piston, or the force per unit area.

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from Sir Malcolm Campbell and, with the continuing support that Rolls-Royce extended to both Campbell and Eyston, he also had the option of using

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of Derby stepped in and asked that the people endure the noise for the sake of British prestige; subsequently testing continued for seven months.

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failure which would require an engine re-build or replacement. The competition rules did not allow an engine change, but due to the foresight of

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competitions held in England in 1929 and 1931. Shortly after the 1931 competition, an R engine using a special fuel blend powered the winning

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not being able to withstand the power, and the inability of the aircraft to lift the extra fuel required to meet the increased consumption.

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engines to airframes. After World War I he worked for a motor racing company and participated as co-driver and mechanic in several races.

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running the next day. Many mechanical failures were experienced during bench testing including burnt valves, connecting rod breakages and

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of over 400 miles per hour (640 km/h). Continuing through the 1930s, both new and used R engines were used to achieve various

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to a new speed record for piston-powered seaplanes in 1934 of 440.6 mph (709.2 km/h), a record that still stands as of 2009.

913: 3040:(a competing aircraft in the 1929 race as an S.6, and stand-by for the 1931 race, modified as an S.6A) does not contain an R engine. 2306: 1238: 216:

The experience gained by Rolls-Royce and Supermarine designers from the R engine was invaluable in the subsequent development of the

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1,500 hp (1,100 kW) at 2,750 rpm, briefly run at 1,686 hp (1,257 kW) at 3,000 rpm. Engine stripped, forked

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along with the S.6B that secured it, as well as the R engine that powered this aircraft for the subsequent airspeed record flight.

341:; and because of the short life expectancy of these engines, forged aluminium was used to replace bronze and steel in many parts. 4453: 4085: 2190:

Rebuilt to 1931 specification. 2,165 hp (1,614 kW) at 3,200 rpm. Cleared at Calshot for limited full-throttle use.

1131:, reaching an average speed of 407.5 mph (655.67 km/h). It had been intended to also use the identical sister aircraft, 4686: 5542: 3985: 3908: 834: 549:

design was +6 lb (0.4 bar), this figure not being achieved until 1934. The high boost pressures initially caused the

213:, the last record being set in 1939. A final R-powered water speed record attempt by Donald Campbell in 1951 was unsuccessful. 1609:

in 1951 Villa noted the willingness of "Don" to help with engineering tasks, and the difficulties of working on the R engine:

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in June 1937 the engine was "slightly damaged ... because of trouble with the circulating water system". In August 1937

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posed new challenges for both the Rolls-Royce and Supermarine design teams. Traditional cooling methods using honeycomb-type

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Royal Aircraft Establishment, proposal relating to destructive testing of Rolls-Royce R engines, October and November 1932

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These three engines are the only ones listed by the British Aircraft Preservation Council/Rolls-Royce Heritage Trust. The

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later registered higher speeds when he completed his laps of the circuit. The Italian team placed second and fourth using

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that was first held in 1913. The 1926 race was the first where all the teams fielded pilots from their armed forces, the

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engineers gained valuable experience of high-speed flight with the S.5 and S.6 aircraft, their next project being the

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converted to clockwise rotation at the request of Malcolm Campbell rather than an additional example. There was no

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were known to cause high drag in flight; consequently it was decided to use the surface skins of the S.6 wings and

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Development engine for the last two LSR engines. Thought to have been used as a mock-up model for display only.

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having run 4 hr 33 min on the ground and 2 hr 52 min in the air. Overhauled and refitted to

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1,900 hp (1,400 kW) at 3,200 rpm for 17 minutes – longest time at this power with new rods.

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as Rolls-Royce never used the number 13 in any of their designations. A summary production list is given below:

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attempting the water speed record. One car and two boats successfully used the combined power of two R engines.

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at Hendon has a Rolls-Royce R on display (museum number 65E1139) that came to the museum in November 1965 from

1290: 1194: 330: 5547: 5455: 3165: 2960: 2946: 2455: 1538:

for a nominal sum as well as the 1935 record car when his father's effects were auctioned. He also purchased

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Back in development for 1931 race. Probably this engine that blew up at 2,000 hp (1,500 kW) after

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was "damaged beyond any immediate repair" by overheating. Another attempt was made later in the year using

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on the articulated side; consequently the cylinder liners on that side had to be lengthened to prevent the

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Development engine. Completed 15-minute acceptance test. 1,500 hp (1,100 kW) at 2,750 rpm.

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Development engine. Completed 15-minute acceptance test. 1,500 hp (1,100 kW) at 2,750 rpm.

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which featured wet-liner cylinders and lower oil scraper rings, both originally developed for the R engine

156:. Nineteen R engines were assembled in a limited production run between 1929 and 1931. Developed from the 5286: 5012: 2999:

has an R engine on display which is catalogued as a stand-alone item, inventory number 1948-310. This is

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Back at Derby with new design crankshaft. 2,350 hp (1,750 kW) at 3,200 rpm for full hour.

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In late 1935, Sir Malcolm Campbell decided to challenge the water speed record. At that point he had two

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June, Segrave was fatally injured and a Rolls-Royce technical advisor, Victor Halliwell, was killed when

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On 29 September 1931, barely two weeks after the British team had secured the Schneider Trophy outright,

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Back in development test house. Spot reading of 2,300 hp (1,700 kW) at 3,200 rpm noted.

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expressed great interest in the R and asked many questions about its fuel consumption and performance.

1171: 1144: 369: 4429:, AVIA 13/112. National Archives, Kew (UK). www.nationalarchives.gov.uk.: Retrieved: 5 November 2010. 1219: 4031: 1351:, used by the same aircraft to win the Schneider Trophy two weeks earlier. Eyston had also borrowed 5346: 5096: 4989: 4782: 3350: 3003:, the second sprint engine prepared for the successful air speed record attempt, and later used in 989:

In 1931 the British Government withdrew financial support, but a private donation of £100,000 from

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First new 1931 engine, passed final inspection. 2,292 hp (1,709 kW). Installed in S.6B,

1319:, powered by two R engines to attempt the absolute land speed record. At first Eyston experienced 756:, several Rolls-Royce engineers and mechanics that were familiar with the R had travelled down to 5465: 5425: 5366: 5196: 5143: 5138: 5022: 2996: 2783:

raises water speed record again to 130.91 mph (210.67 km/h) with Sir Malcolm Campbell.

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Maximum power output of the Rolls-Royce Buzzard was 920 hp (690 kW) at 2,300 rpm.

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Quite simply the R-type engine was far ahead of its time, a marvel of British skill and ability.

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Rolls-Royce.com, 2002 C.S. Rolls lecture – Details and image of the Rolls-Royce R (Pages 12–13)

1098: 1010: 825:. A significant difference between the R and the production Griffon was the re-location of the 604: 541: 528: 190: 1268:. A press report from the event provides an insight into the public perception of the engine: 1057: 1028:

were often used to power wheeled vehicles to ever-higher speeds, chosen because of their high

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lasting up to two days were experienced by test personnel even after plugging their ears with

5401: 5191: 4979: 4895: 4827: 4777: 3289: 1176: 1135:, for the attempt but Stainforth had capsized it on 16 September whilst testing a propeller. 1029: 905: 769: 561: 519: 488: 385: 2795:

new record of 141.74 mph (228.11 km/h) by Sir Malcolm Campbell on Coniston Water.

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Completed first 1-hour full-throttle test. 1,568 hp (1,169 kW) at 3,000 rpm.

5512: 5445: 2724:"Factory spare" lent by Rolls-Royce to Sir Malcolm Campbell as a back-up (he already owned 2377:

Lent by Lord Wakefield to Sir Malcolm Campbell as a spare for a land speed record attempt.

861: 849: 705: 536: 221: 54: 1253:. Once he had achieved the 300 mph (480 km/h) record on 3 September 1935 at the 868:

design. The author Steve Holter sums up the design of the Rolls-Royce R with these words:

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On an early test run the R engine produced 1,400 hp (1,040 kW) and was noted to

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Lord Wakefield arranged for a replica of the Rolls-Royce R to be exhibited at the 1933

1018: 990: 865: 408: 349: 217: 198: 4427:"Notes on High Speed Flight, 1931" collected by Wing Commander A. H. Orlebar (T.3209) 581: 426: 5361: 5351: 5336: 5331: 5311: 5181: 5133: 5118: 5086: 5076: 5071: 5065: 5054: 4772: 4767: 4656: 4641: 4626: 4612: 4598: 4584: 4570: 4555: 4541: 3259: 3152: 2969: 2967:. According to the museum's records, before that it was with George Eyston as one of 2890: 2483: 2471: 2331: 1686: 1636: 1315: 1305: 1166: 1148: 1120: 1117: 1078: 1074: 1014: 956: 733: 683: 472: 430: 357: 314: 194: 4011: 3979: 3902: 2030:

Two runs of 29.5 minutes and 18.5 minutes, both terminated by broken exhaust valves

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engine. After Campbell's death from natural causes in 1948, Donald Campbell bought

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Development engine for the last two land speed record (LSR) engines. Installed in

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Engine starting was achieved by a combination of compressed air and a hand-turned

5485: 5128: 4787: 4187: 4042: 3989: 3912: 3221: 3090: 2918: 2865: 2860: 2702: 2301: 1699: 1660: 1438: 1429: 1391: 1368: 1265: 1186: 1102: 1091: 1066: 1025: 951: 947: 925: 909: 818: 670: 633: 554: 437: 396: 338: 302: 290: 269: 252: 210: 145: 100: 80: 60: 3011:, (winner of the 1931 race and the final air speed record aircraft) on display. 2981:

contract number A106961 which makes it the second 1931 race engine delivered to

564:, an engineer who specialised in fuels and engine development. After using neat 391:

The introduction of articulated connecting rods was regarded as a "nuisance" by

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Wellworthy was the trade name of a British piston and piston ring manufacturer.

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on initial build, later overheated and damaged due to cooling scoop problems.

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in Italy where "the modified system worked perfectly with a second engine",

1500: 1424: 1250: 983: 920:, in preparation for the 1927 race in which Supermarine's Mitchell-designed, 814: 795: 741: 717: 674:. The conditions in the test cell were particularly unpleasant; deafness and 392: 298: 286: 202: 30: 3644:, Recorded talks by Schneider Trophy Contest designers and the winning pilot 1449:

set a new world water speed record of 119.81 mph (192.82 km/h) on

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Passed 15-minute acceptance test. 1,552 hp (1,157 kW). Issued to

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on the "sprint" engines prepared for that year was raised from 6:1 to 7:1.

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Bought from Rolls-Royce for £5,800 by Sir Malcolm Campbell for use in the

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Failed after 2.5 minutes when the main bearing and connecting rods failed

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and the spare R engines, but unknown to him they had been sold along with

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motor car. Travelling mostly after dark, this vehicle became known as the

720:, flight testing commenced on 4 August 1929 in the new Supermarine S.6 at 689:

In the course of a 25-minute test an early R engine would consume 60

510: 411:, for which Arthur Rowledge had designed a revised blade and fork system. 403:

from running out of the cylinder skirt. Articulated rods were used in the

5490: 4680: 2982: 2116: 2097: 1492: 1478: 1450: 1201: 1037: 964: 921: 853: 757: 745: 729: 721: 702: 550: 445: 422: 400: 294: 265: 248: 2839: 230:, was tested in 1933, but it was not directly related to the production 5110: 3212: 3178: 3142: 3126: 3074: 3033: 2628: 1741: 1606: 1598: 1434: 917: 694: 664:, one to provide ventilation of the test area, and another to cool the 600: 532: 499: 449: 377: 361: 334: 172: 168: 149: 57: 1565:

The care and maintenance of the Campbell's R engines was entrusted to

5106: 3333: 3168:, ratio 7.47:1, maximum +18 lb boost at 24,000 impeller rpm 1941: 1566: 1328: 1218:

had been rebuilt to accommodate the larger engine and was running at

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Cost: £5,800, the price paid by Malcolm Campbell to Rolls-Royce for

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Option given to George Eyston to use this engine as a spare for the

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Direct-drive engine for Sir Henry Segrave's water speed record boat

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1,400 hp (1,000 kW) observed after 13 hours running.

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During the mid-1930s, George Eyston set many speed records with his

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The Schneider Trophy was a prestigious annual prize competition for

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Failed after 17.33 minutes when supercharger slipper bushes seized

1645: 1546:. Attempts on the record were made in 1949, and again in 1951 when 1446: 993:

allowed Supermarine to compete on 13 September using the R-powered

912:. Sometimes known simply as The Flight, the team was formed at the 897: 833:

Further possible development work on the R engine was discussed in

826: 725: 698: 675: 661: 612: 585: 476: 468: 381: 373: 182: 3925:"Schneider Race Trophy Held By Britain, 328 Miles An Hour". News. 2002:

2,210 hp (1,650 kW) at 3,200 rpm. Attempted 1-hour

798:'s memoirs, a de-rated version of the R engine, known by the name 3195: 3187: 2006:

acceptance test but oil pressure was lost after 22 minutes.

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type X170 plug was chosen as it proved to be extremely reliable.

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The R was a physically imposing engine designed by a team led by

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at his disposal, and it was decided to install the R engine in

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Second edition. London, UK: Arms and Armour Press Ltd., 1986.

3929:. No. 45303. London. 9 September 1929. col G, p. 13. 2937: 2311:

2,053 hp (1,531 kW) at 3,000 rpm. Water-cooled

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The development of special fuel was attributed to the work of

3584:, p. 989. www.flightglobal.com. Retrieved: 14 November 2009. 3567:, p. 990. www.flightglobal.com. Retrieved: 14 November 2009. 2709:

jet engine installed unsuccessfully by Sir Malcolm Campbell.

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A not-so-obvious cooling measure was the deliberate use of a

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on 3 July 1928, allowing Mitchell to start design of the new

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Rolls-Royce R (exhibit) at the Royal Air Force Museum London

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Last of batch of 6 made for 1931 contest. Installed in S.6A

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reached 357.5 mph (575 km/h). When first built at

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tests, metal particles were found on two of the engine's 24

3445:

Highest record for each aircraft/car/boat type listed only.

1731: 1123:

broke the world airspeed record in a Rolls-Royce R-powered

484: 4098:, p. 966. www.flightglobal.com. Retrieved 29 October 2009. 3835:, p. 309. www.flightglobal.com. Retrieved 29 October 2009. 708:

used for flight trials was fitted throughout these tests.

545: lb". By comparison the maximum boost of the earlier 539:, a figure known as "boost" and commonly abbreviated as "+ 425:; a measure that was carried over to the Merlin engine. A 4655:

Historical Series (16) Rolls-Royce Heritage Trust, 1990.

3650:, p. 61. www.flightglobal.com. Retrieved 21 October 2009. 3025:

which is destined to be fitted in its restoration of the

1994:

Failed after 17 minutes when the main bearings collapsed

1097:, commanding officer of the High Speed Flight, set a new 778: 650: 649:" pistons that were better able to withstand the 13 4625:. Marlborough, Wiltshire, UK: Airlife Publishing, 2003. 1347:

when it set the air speed record in 1931. The other was

1257:, Campbell retired from further land speed endeavours. 837:' file AVIA 13/122, which contains a proposal from the 4674:

1929 Schneider Trophy, original footage and soundtrack

4653:

Rolls-Royce Piston Aero Engines – a designer remembers

4611:. London, UK: Abacus, Little, Brown Book Group, 2004. 4540:, Midland Publishing, Hinckley, Leicestershire. 2004. 4190:

www.sirmalcolmcampbell.com. Retrieved 21 October 2009.

1727:: 19 August 1939 – 141.74 mph (228.11 km/h) 1719:: 17 August 1938 – 130.91 mph (210.67 km/h) 1663:: 8 September 1929 – 355.8 mph (572.6 km/h) 1204:. Lent to him by Rolls-Royce, this engine was either 1189:, used R engines from 1931 to 1951. At Sir Malcolm's 4730: 4045:

www.sciencemuseum.org.uk. Retrieved 15 October 2009.

3473: 3471: 3147:

Two intake and two exhaust valves per cylinder with

1766:engine, but according to Holter this may have been 1690:: 16 September 1938 – 357.5 mph (575 km/h) 1669:: 29 September 1931 – 407.5 mph (656 km/h) 1090:

Immediately after the 1929 Schneider Trophy contest

4456:

navigator.rafmuseum.org. Retrieved 15 October 2009.

3151:-cooled exhaust valve stems, actuated via a single 2119:for test flying with minimum use of full throttle. 1711:: 18 July 1932 – 119.81 mph (192.82 km/h) 1703:: 9 July 1931 – 110.28 mph (177.48 km/h) 813:The pre-production Griffon I shared the R engine's 656:Ground testing of the R involved the use of three 4583:. Cambridge, UK: Patrick Stephens Limited, 2006. 4569:. Cambridge, UK: Patrick Stephens Limited, 1989. 4554:. Shrewsbury, UK: Airlife Publishing Ltd., 2001. 3468: 2973:record engines. Its data plate states that it is 2366:2,053 hp (1,531 kW) at 3,000 rpm. 1682:: 3 September 1935 – 301 mph (484 km/h) 1644:; engine oil cooling channels are evident on the 975:engine attended the contest but did not compete. 440:consisted of two rear-mounted, crankshaft-driven 5529: 4027: 4025: 4023: 2470:for first Air Speed Record runs flown by Flt Lt 463:this large engine whilst minimising aerodynamic 372:were raised a little to reduce the depth of the 3246:2,530 hp (1,887 kW) at 3,200 rpm 3211:with one pressure pump and two scavenge pumps, 1593:. Villa eventually took the three R engines to 1562:. It was recovered and broken up on the shore. 802:at that time, was tested in 1933. This engine, 4207: 4205: 3073:12-cylinder, supercharged, liquid-cooled, 60° 2529:(the Trophy-winning aircraft), and gained the 309:V-12 layout. A new single-stage, double-sided 4716: 4597:. Wilmslow, Cheshire, UK: Sigma Press, 2002. 4020: 1978:First test with articulated connecting rods. 1631: 1542:back from a car dealer and reinstalled it in 568:for early ground test runs, a mixture of 11% 148:that was designed and built specifically for 4422: 4420: 4247: 4245: 4243: 4241: 4239: 4237: 4235: 3683: 3681: 3555: 3553: 3551: 3498: 3496: 3494: 3492: 3043: 1526:. In 1947 Campbell unsuccessfully converted 4491: 4489: 4418: 4416: 4414: 4412: 4410: 4408: 4406: 4404: 4402: 4400: 4376: 4374: 4372: 4370: 4368: 4295: 4293: 4202: 4140: 4138: 4136: 4134: 4132: 4130: 4128: 4126: 4124: 4122: 3753: 3751: 3749: 3747: 3745: 1882: 407:engine, but were not embodied in the later 171:capable of producing just under 2,800 4723: 4709: 4437: 4435: 4390: 4388: 4386: 4062: 4060: 4017:www.raf.mod.uk. Retrieved 17 October 2009. 3992:www.raf.mod.uk. Retrieved 17 October 2009. 3938: 3936: 3918: 3915:www.raf.mod.uk. Retrieved 17 October 2009. 3814: 3812: 3810: 3808: 3806: 3804: 3767: 3765: 3763: 3717: 3715: 3713: 3711: 3671: 3669: 3667: 3665: 3617: 3615: 3613: 3611: 3609: 3607: 3605: 3603: 3601: 3599: 3541: 3539: 3537: 3535: 3533: 3531: 3529: 3510: 3508: 3064: 2728:) for the 1935 land speed record attempt. 2427:Delivered to Supermarine. Fitted in S.6B 2345:as a spare for land speed record attempt. 2231:MS (moderately supercharged) development. 1940:found cracked. Redesigned rods fitted and 1914:Development engine. First test using neat 1558:suffered a structural failure and sank in 1101:of 355.8 mph (572.6 km/h) using 914:Marine Aircraft Experimental Establishment 4623:British Piston Engines and their Aircraft 4232: 3678: 3570: 3548: 3489: 1618:just rolled up his sleeves and mucked in. 1229:from Rolls-Royce; and had also been lent 1004: 313:impeller was designed along with revised 237: 178:The R was used with great success in the 4486: 4397: 4365: 4290: 4119: 3792: 3742: 3047: 2936: 2838: 2385:Timed at 85 mph (137 km/h) in 1740: 1732:Production and individual engine history 1635: 1613:I was in the workshop stitching the old 1427:'s twin-engined water speed record boat 1384: 1165: 1056: 978:More comparable to the R engine was the 930: 782: 514:Supercharger detail of the Rolls-Royce R 509: 505: 343: 4432: 4383: 4069: 4057: 4013:The Schneider Trophy – 70th Anniversary 3981:The Schneider Trophy – 70th Anniversary 3933: 3904:The Schneider Trophy – 70th Anniversary 3801: 3760: 3708: 3662: 3596: 3526: 3505: 3374:The Buzzard was itself a 6:5 scaled-up 2769:at 126.32 mph (203.29 km/h). 1433:, this craft being ready for trials on 967:aircraft. Another racing seaplane, the 935:The Schneider Trophy on display at the 885: 660:engines: one to simulate a headwind or 592:. For the 1931 airspeed record attempt 160:, it was a 37-litre (2,240 cu in) 5530: 4449: 4447: 4036:, Inventory number: 1932-532 (exhibit) 3517: 1861:1931 Development/factory spare engines 1512:Blue Bird K4 and the work of Leo Villa 1313:. In 1937 he built a massive new car, 904:financing a British team known as the 779:Relationship to the Griffon and Merlin 452:over a single spark plug application. 4704: 2932: 2533:at 407.5 mph (655.8 km/h). 1736: 1362: 848:Although not directly related to the 3255:1.13 hp/cu in (51.41 kW/L) 3021:The Filching Manor Motor Museum has 3007:. The Science Museum also has S.6B, 1225:In late 1933 Campbell bought engine 1138: 553:to fail on test, and eventually the 429:was introduced in May 1931, and the 414:Later production R engines featured 224:. A de-rated R engine, known as the 5538:Rolls-Royce aircraft piston engines 4567:World Encyclopaedia of Aero Engines 4444: 3305:Rolls-Royce aircraft piston engines 305:and capacity, and used the same 60- 13: 4691:, 10 January 1933 – Design details 4581:Development of Piston Aero Engines 3174:Four duplex updraught Rolls-Royce/ 2577:Contest. Aircraft flown by Flt Lt 2559:Third 1931 race engine delivered. 1753:, camshaft drive and exhaust ports 1309:car, powered by an unsupercharged 1212:. By February 1933 the car, named 1052: 653:"pressure" of each firing stroke. 444:, each supplying one of a pair of 14: 5559: 4667: 3294:1.54 hp/lb (2.54 kW/kg) 1640:The Rolls-Royce R installed in a 1155:Campbell-Napier-Railton Blue Bird 946:between Great Britain and Italy, 711: 693:(gal) (270 L) of pre-heated 623: 4538:Wrecks and Relics - 19th Edition 3270:3.5 gal/min (16 L/min) 2341:Lent by Sir Malcolm Campbell to 1335:, the nearside engine fitted to 518:The keys to the R engine's high 201:by such racing personalities as 29: 4529: 4516: 4507: 4498: 4477: 4468: 4459: 4356: 4347: 4338: 4329: 4320: 4311: 4302: 4281: 4272: 4263: 4254: 4223: 4214: 4193: 4174: 4165: 4156: 4147: 4110: 4101: 4078: 4048: 4004: 3995: 3972: 3963: 3954: 3945: 3895: 3886: 3877: 3865: 3856: 3847: 3838: 3821: 3783: 3774: 3733: 3724: 3699: 3690: 3653: 3633: 3624: 3587: 3439: 3430: 3421: 3412: 3403: 2834: 2364:, sponsored by Lord Wakefield. 2038:Ran for 25 minutes fitted with 5163:Rolls-Royce Barnoldswick (RB) 3578:The Rolls-Royce Racing Engines 3561:The Rolls-Royce Racing Engines 3480: 3459: 3394: 3381: 3368: 3237: 3104:2,239 cu in (36.7 L) 2217:. Development engine in 1930. 1918:fuel. No power figures taken. 1481:and one Rolls-Royce R engine, 1291:Daytona International Speedway 380:bearing journal known as the " 276: 247:Rolls-Royce realised that the 1: 5543:1920s aircraft piston engines 4181:Blue Bird at Daytona Speedway 3356: 3285:14 gal/hr (64 L/hr) 3166:centrifugal type supercharger 3135: 2961:Royal Air Force Museum London 2947:Royal Air Force Museum London 2456:Royal Air Force Museum London 2129:Post race, installed in S.6, 2042:-filled valves. Heads failed 1833:1931 Schneider Trophy engines 1794:1929 Schneider Trophy engines 1245:by Rolls-Royce. He then lent 636:factory on 7 April 1929 with 333:castings were produced from " 297:. The R shared the Buzzard's 4687:Campbell-Railton Blue Bird, 3452: 3361: 3224:coolant mixture, pressurised 2811:was damaged by overheating. 2807:with Donald Campbell, after 2765:Takes water speed record in 2671:Filching Manor Motor Museum 2600:as reserve aircraft for the 2431:for first flight 12 August. 1577:; his first job was fitting 839:Royal Aircraft Establishment 632:took place at Rolls-Royce's 572:and 89% benzole plus 5 7: 5381:Aero-derivative industrial 4220:Jennings 2004, pp. 169–172. 4032:Supermarine Seaplane S.6B, 3298: 3233:0.605:1, right-hand tractor 3131:1,640 lb (744 kg) 3110:100 in (2,540 mm) 3095:6.6 in (167.6 mm) 2391:with Sir Malcolm Campbell. 2227:Redesignated "R-MS-11" for 1193:ceremony in February 1931, 1175:replica, an exhibit at the 10: 5564: 5517:Rolls-Royce Heritage Trust 4552:The Schneider Trophy Story 4087:The Three-Kilometre Record 3122:42 in (1,067 mm) 2884:Campbell-Railton Blue Bird 2666:Campbell-Railton Blue Bird 2624:Campbell-Railton Blue Bird 2410:for first flight 29 July. 2326:Lent by Lord Wakefield to 2133:for speed record attempt. 1962: 1949: 1632:World speed record summary 1520:was again used in 1939 in 1459:, which also used engines 1366: 1172:Campbell-Railton Blue Bird 1161:Campbell-Railton Blue Bird 1152: 1145:Campbell-Railton Blue Bird 1142: 1008: 889: 618: 455: 5509: 5438: 5410: 5389: 5380: 5162: 5105: 5003: 4909: 4886: 4846: 4750: 4741: 4054:Holter 2002, pp. 164–171. 3275:Specific fuel consumption 3086:6 in (152.4 mm) 3044:Specifications (R – 1931) 3029:water speed record boat. 2757:by Sir Malcolm Campbell. 2730: 2713: 2670: 2653: 2561: 2548: 2540:To George Eyston for the 2513: 2497: 2454: 2437: 2369: 2349: 2318: 2280: 2252: 2235: 2219: 2202: 2154: 2137: 2121: 2104: 2080: 2067: 1920: 1903: 1818:1930 Wakefield order for 1289:is now on display at the 242: 37: 28: 23: 3351:List of aircraft engines 3116:32 in (813 mm) 3077:, aircraft piston engine 2291:Direct-drive engine for 1883:Individual history table 1778:1929 Development engines 942:During the 1929 race at 628:The first run of engine 364:covers were modified to 331:propeller reduction gear 251:engine used in the 1927 16:1929 British aero engine 4847:By company designation: 4186:6 November 2009 at the 3988:25 October 2008 at the 3960:Eves 2001, pp. 244–245. 3951:Eves 2001, pp. 171–197. 3829:The Rolls-Royce Griffon 3705:Eves 2001, pp. 230–231. 3065:General characteristics 2627:during construction at 2544:land speed record car. 1810:1930 Development engine 1749:showing details of one 1601:for long-term storage. 4344:Jennings 2004, p. 272. 4326:Jennings 2004, p. 106. 4287:Jennings 2004, p. 107. 4278:Jennings 2004, p. 302. 4260:Jennings 2004, p. 298. 4211:Jennings 2004, p. 291. 4199:Jennings 2004. p. 282. 4171:Jennings 2002, p. 277. 4162:Jennings 2004, p. 236. 4153:Jennings 2004, p. 273. 4116:Jennings 2004, p. 237. 4107:Jennings 2004, p. 193. 3883:Price 1982, pp. 19–20. 3198:, plus 4.2 cc of 3053: 2949: 2851: 2487:land speed record car. 2162:First flight, in S.6, 1754: 1648: 1629: 1401: 1284: 1179: 1082: 1030:power-to-weight ratios 1011:Flight airspeed record 1005:World speed record use 939: 883: 791: 605:revolutions per minute 529:pounds per square inch 515: 353: 238:Design and development 5402:Rolls-Royce Meteorite 4041:18 March 2010 at the 3853:Lumsden 2003, p. 217. 3844:Lumsden 2003, p. 216. 3739:Gunston 1989, p. 139. 3730:Lumsden 2003, p. 198. 3696:Lumsden 2003, p. 195. 3502:Lumsden 2003, p. 199. 3486:Lumsden 2004, p. 168. 3290:Power-to-weight ratio 3051: 2997:London Science Museum 2940: 2842: 2515:London Science Museum 2481:To George Eyston for 1744: 1639: 1611: 1530:to jet power using a 1388: 1270: 1177:Lakeland Motor Museum 1169: 1060: 999:London Science Museum 937:London Science Museum 934: 870: 845:at high revolutions. 835:The National Archives 786: 774:Phantom of The Night. 770:Rolls-Royce Phantom I 520:power-to-weight ratio 513: 506:Supercharger and fuel 489:operating temperature 347: 44:London Science Museum 5548:V12 aircraft engines 5513:Rolls-Royce Holdings 5446:Alan Arnold Griffith 4353:Holter 2002, p. 170. 4251:Holter 2002, p. 171. 4084:25 September 1931. " 3969:Gunston 1989, p. 58. 3911:13 July 2007 at the 3862:Rubbra 1990, p. 118. 3827:20 September 1945. " 3687:Holter 2002, p. 175. 3642:Voices From The Past 3630:Gunston 2006, p. 60. 2705:. This replaced the 2466:Fitted to the S.6B, 2328:Sir Malcolm Campbell 1595:Thomson & Taylor 1185:, and later his son 1183:Sir Malcolm Campbell 1065:team. left to right 886:Schneider Trophy use 862:Supermarine Type 224 603:happily at 450 537:atmospheric pressure 348:Sectioned view of a 207:Sir Malcolm Campbell 42:) on display at the 5501:Spirito Mario Viale 4732:Rolls-Royce Limited 4607:Jennings, Charles. 4513:Holter 2002, p. 84. 4504:Holter 2002, p. 30. 4495:Holter 2002, p. 44. 4483:Holter 2002, p. 29. 4474:Holter 2002, p. 71. 4465:Holter 2002, p. 31. 4380:Holter 2002, p. 37. 4362:Holter 2002, p. 45. 4335:Holter 2002, p. 85. 4317:Holter 2002, p. 79. 4308:Holter 2002, p. 69. 4299:Holter 2002, p. 87. 4269:Holter 2002, p. 63. 4229:Holter 2002, p. 13. 4144:Holter 2002, p. 43. 3892:Holter 2002, p. 46. 3798:Holter 2002, p. 41. 3789:Holter 2002, p. 40. 3780:Holter 2002, p. 36. 3757:Holter 2002, p. 38. 3593:Rubbra 1990, p. 60. 3576:" 2 October 1931. " 3514:Holter 2002, p. 42. 3477:Holter 2002, p. 35. 3376:Rolls-Royce Kestrel 3322:Rolls-Royce Griffon 3317:Rolls-Royce Buzzard 3311:Related development 3060:Lumsden and Holter. 2569:Installed in S.6B, 2126:Mid-September 1929 1532:de Havilland Goblin 1491:. During trials on 1311:Rolls-Royce Kestrel 1255:Bonneville Speedway 858:Rolls-Royce Goshawk 789:Rolls-Royce Griffon 547:Rolls-Royce Kestrel 502:in the cylinders. 427:balanced crankshaft 232:Rolls-Royce Griffon 199:water speed records 158:Rolls-Royce Buzzard 154:Rolls-Royce Limited 133:Rolls-Royce Buzzard 71:Rolls-Royce Limited 5451:R.W. Harvey-Bailey 5397:Rolls-Royce Meteor 5383:and marine engines 4638:The Spitfire Story 4522:Ellis 2004, p. 75. 4441:Eves 2001, p. 202. 4394:Eves 2001, p. 227. 4075:Price 1986, p. 10. 4066:Eves 2001, p. 193. 4001:Eves 2001, p. 206. 3942:Price 1986, p. 11. 3818:Eves 2001, p. 228. 3771:Eves 2001, p. 177. 3721:Eves 2001, p. 230. 3675:Eves 2001, p. 210. 3659:Eves 2001, p. 208. 3621:Eves 2001, p. 229. 3545:Eves 2001, p. 226. 3523:Eves 2001, p. 225. 3465:Eves 2001, p. 174. 3328:Comparable engines 3279:0.85 pt/hp/hr 3220:70% water and 30% 3054: 2950: 2933:Engines on display 2852: 2816:10 September 1951 2593:13 September 1931 2566:13 September 1931 2522:29 September 1931 2463:13 September 1931 2297:water speed record 2148:Installed in S.6, 2100:coupling failure. 1755: 1737:Production summary 1695:Water speed record 1649: 1575:Royal Flying Corps 1402: 1363:Water speed record 1343:which had powered 1180: 1083: 1019:Water speed record 991:Lucy, Lady Houston 940: 866:Rolls-Royce Merlin 792: 787:A late-production 740:. During pre-race 516: 409:Rolls-Royce Merlin 354: 350:Rolls-Royce Merlin 218:Rolls-Royce Merlin 189:aircraft to a new 96:Major applications 5523: 5522: 5434: 5433: 4882: 4881: 4617:978-0-349-11596-2 4089:– the sinking of 3559:2 October 1931. " 3268:Fuel consumption: 3260:Compression ratio 3153:overhead camshaft 3052:The Rolls-Royce R 2832: 2831: 2762:1 September 1937 2746:July/August 1937 2676:July/August 1937 2556:3 September 1931 2505:8 September 1931 2472:George Stainforth 2445:9 September 1931 2332:land speed record 2313:exhaust manifolds 2293:Sir Henry Segrave 2246:Probably in S.6, 2243:7 September 1929 2093:25 February 1931 1967:26 February 1931 1899:Display location 1674:Land speed record 1437:by June 1930. On 1425:Sir Henry Segrave 1423:, were built for 1306:Speed of the Wind 1149:Thunderbolt (car) 1139:Land speed record 1121:George Stainforth 1118:Flight Lieutenant 1061:The 1929 British 1015:Land speed record 957:Richard Atcherley 906:High Speed Flight 734:Southampton Water 574:cubic centimetres 531:(psi) (1.24 496:rich fuel mixture 431:compression ratio 317:and strengthened 203:Sir Henry Segrave 138: 137: 5555: 5387: 5386: 5068:(as Turbo-Union) 5062:(with MAN Turbo) 5041:(with MAN Turbo) 4901:Rolls-Royce RZ.2 4778:Eagle XVI (X-16) 4748: 4747: 4725: 4718: 4711: 4702: 4701: 4595:Leap into Legend 4523: 4520: 4514: 4511: 4505: 4502: 4496: 4493: 4484: 4481: 4475: 4472: 4466: 4463: 4457: 4451: 4442: 4439: 4430: 4424: 4395: 4392: 4381: 4378: 4363: 4360: 4354: 4351: 4345: 4342: 4336: 4333: 4327: 4324: 4318: 4315: 4309: 4306: 4300: 4297: 4288: 4285: 4279: 4276: 4270: 4267: 4261: 4258: 4252: 4249: 4230: 4227: 4221: 4218: 4212: 4209: 4200: 4197: 4191: 4178: 4172: 4169: 4163: 4160: 4154: 4151: 4145: 4142: 4117: 4114: 4108: 4105: 4099: 4082: 4076: 4073: 4067: 4064: 4055: 4052: 4046: 4029: 4018: 4008: 4002: 3999: 3993: 3976: 3970: 3967: 3961: 3958: 3952: 3949: 3943: 3940: 3931: 3930: 3922: 3916: 3899: 3893: 3890: 3884: 3881: 3875: 3869: 3863: 3860: 3854: 3851: 3845: 3842: 3836: 3825: 3819: 3816: 3799: 3796: 3790: 3787: 3781: 3778: 3772: 3769: 3758: 3755: 3740: 3737: 3731: 3728: 3722: 3719: 3706: 3703: 3697: 3694: 3688: 3685: 3676: 3673: 3660: 3657: 3651: 3637: 3631: 3628: 3622: 3619: 3594: 3591: 3585: 3574: 3568: 3557: 3546: 3543: 3524: 3521: 3515: 3512: 3503: 3500: 3487: 3484: 3478: 3475: 3466: 3463: 3446: 3443: 3437: 3434: 3428: 3425: 3419: 3416: 3410: 3407: 3401: 3398: 3392: 3385: 3379: 3372: 3283:Oil consumption: 3200:tetra-ethyl lead 2926:Miss England III 2871:Supermarine S.6B 2866:Supermarine S.6A 2845:Supermarine S.6B 2602:Schneider Trophy 2575:Schneider Trophy 2531:air speed record 2054:-filled valves. 1887: 1886: 1708:Miss England III 1667:Supermarine S.6B 1657:Air speed record 1642:Supermarine S.6B 1627: 1625:Leap Into Legend 1579:Beardmore 160 hp 1456:Miss England III 1389:Scale models of 1373:Miss England III 1282: 1125:Supermarine S.6B 1112:Supermarine S.6B 1095:Augustus Orlebar 1063:Schneider Trophy 1042:Sunbeam Matabele 995:Supermarine S.6B 926:Supermarine S.5s 892:Schneider Trophy 881: 879:Leap Into Legend 691:Imperial gallons 590:specific gravity 578:tetra-ethyl lead 401:oil scraper ring 386:articulated type 321:. The wet-liner 187:Supermarine S.6B 180:Schneider Trophy 129: 119: 105:Supermarine S.6B 97: 33: 21: 20: 5563: 5562: 5558: 5557: 5556: 5554: 5553: 5552: 5528: 5527: 5524: 5519: 5505: 5486:Arthur Rowledge 5430: 5406: 5390:Piston engines: 5382: 5376: 5164: 5158: 5101: 4999: 4905: 4878: 4842: 4737: 4729: 4670: 4665: 4636:Price, Alfred. 4621:Lumsden, Alec. 4593:Holter, Steve. 4579:Gunston, Bill. 4565:Gunston, Bill. 4532: 4527: 4526: 4521: 4517: 4512: 4508: 4503: 4499: 4494: 4487: 4482: 4478: 4473: 4469: 4464: 4460: 4452: 4445: 4440: 4433: 4425: 4398: 4393: 4384: 4379: 4366: 4361: 4357: 4352: 4348: 4343: 4339: 4334: 4330: 4325: 4321: 4316: 4312: 4307: 4303: 4298: 4291: 4286: 4282: 4277: 4273: 4268: 4264: 4259: 4255: 4250: 4233: 4228: 4224: 4219: 4215: 4210: 4203: 4198: 4194: 4188:Wayback Machine 4179: 4175: 4170: 4166: 4161: 4157: 4152: 4148: 4143: 4120: 4115: 4111: 4106: 4102: 4083: 4079: 4074: 4070: 4065: 4058: 4053: 4049: 4043:Wayback Machine 4030: 4021: 4009: 4005: 4000: 3996: 3990:Wayback Machine 3977: 3973: 3968: 3964: 3959: 3955: 3950: 3946: 3941: 3934: 3924: 3923: 3919: 3913:Wayback Machine 3906:, The 1927 Race 3900: 3896: 3891: 3887: 3882: 3878: 3870: 3866: 3861: 3857: 3852: 3848: 3843: 3839: 3826: 3822: 3817: 3802: 3797: 3793: 3788: 3784: 3779: 3775: 3770: 3761: 3756: 3743: 3738: 3734: 3729: 3725: 3720: 3709: 3704: 3700: 3695: 3691: 3686: 3679: 3674: 3663: 3658: 3654: 3639:16 July 1942. " 3638: 3634: 3629: 3625: 3620: 3597: 3592: 3588: 3575: 3571: 3558: 3549: 3544: 3527: 3522: 3518: 3513: 3506: 3501: 3490: 3485: 3481: 3476: 3469: 3464: 3460: 3455: 3450: 3449: 3444: 3440: 3435: 3431: 3426: 3422: 3417: 3413: 3408: 3404: 3399: 3395: 3386: 3382: 3373: 3369: 3364: 3359: 3301: 3240: 3222:ethylene glycol 3218:Cooling system: 3213:pure castor oil 3138: 3067: 3046: 3036:museum's S.6A, 2941:Rolls-Royce R, 2935: 2919:Miss England II 2861:Supermarine S.6 2837: 2788:19 August 1939 2774:17 August 1938 2703:Donald Campbell 2692:17 August 1949 2581:won the Trophy 2525:Fitted in S.6B 2488: 2362:Miss England II 2330:as a spare for 2305:, sponsored by 2302:Miss England II 2269:22 August 1931 2210:25 August 1929 2195:12 August 1931 2171:22 August 1929 2159:10 August 1929 1938:connecting rods 1885: 1820:Miss England II 1739: 1734: 1700:Miss England II 1661:Supermarine S.6 1634: 1628: 1622: 1453:in a new boat, 1443:Miss England II 1430:Miss England II 1415:Two R engines, 1406:Miss England II 1392:Miss England II 1383: 1369:Miss England II 1367:Main articles: 1365: 1329:Bean Industries 1283: 1277: 1266:Olympia, London 1157: 1151: 1143:Main articles: 1141: 1103:Supermarine S.6 1099:airspeed record 1092:Squadron Leader 1086:Supermarine S.6 1069:, Moon, Grieg, 1055: 1053:Airspeed record 1021: 1009:Main articles: 1007: 971:powered by the 952:Supermarine S.6 948:Richard Waghorn 910:Royal Air Force 908:drawn from the 894: 888: 882: 876: 781: 714: 671:Miss England II 626: 621: 582:Imperial gallon 570:aviation petrol 508: 458: 438:ignition system 339:aluminium alloy 323:cylinder blocks 319:connecting rods 291:Arthur Rowledge 279: 253:Supermarine S.5 245: 240: 220:engine and the 191:airspeed record 127: 117: 107: 103: 101:Supermarine S.6 95: 81:Arthur Rowledge 38:Rolls-Royce R ( 17: 12: 11: 5: 5561: 5551: 5550: 5545: 5540: 5521: 5520: 5510: 5507: 5506: 5504: 5503: 5498: 5493: 5488: 5483: 5478: 5473: 5471:Adrian Lombard 5468: 5463: 5461:Stanley Hooker 5458: 5453: 5448: 5442: 5440: 5436: 5435: 5432: 5431: 5429: 5428: 5423: 5421:Marine Olympus 5417: 5415: 5408: 5407: 5405: 5404: 5399: 5393: 5391: 5384: 5378: 5377: 5375: 5374: 5369: 5364: 5359: 5354: 5349: 5344: 5339: 5334: 5329: 5324: 5319: 5314: 5309: 5304: 5299: 5294: 5289: 5284: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5264: 5259: 5254: 5249: 5244: 5239: 5234: 5229: 5224: 5219: 5214: 5209: 5204: 5199: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5179: 5174: 5168: 5166: 5160: 5159: 5157: 5156: 5151: 5146: 5141: 5136: 5131: 5126: 5121: 5115: 5113: 5103: 5102: 5100: 5099: 5094: 5089: 5084: 5079: 5074: 5069: 5063: 5057: 5052: 5047: 5042: 5036: 5031: 5026: 5020: 5015: 5009: 5007: 5001: 5000: 4998: 4997: 4992: 4987: 4982: 4977: 4972: 4967: 4962: 4957: 4952: 4947: 4941: 4931: 4926: 4921: 4915: 4913: 4907: 4906: 4904: 4903: 4898: 4892: 4890: 4888:Rocket engines 4884: 4883: 4880: 4879: 4877: 4876: 4871: 4866: 4861: 4856: 4850: 4848: 4844: 4843: 4841: 4840: 4835: 4830: 4825: 4820: 4815: 4810: 4805: 4800: 4795: 4790: 4785: 4780: 4775: 4770: 4765: 4760: 4754: 4752: 4745: 4743:Piston engines 4739: 4738: 4728: 4727: 4720: 4713: 4705: 4699: 4698: 4693: 4684: 4669: 4668:External links 4666: 4664: 4663: 4649: 4634: 4619: 4605: 4591: 4577: 4563: 4550:Eves, Edward. 4548: 4533: 4531: 4528: 4525: 4524: 4515: 4506: 4497: 4485: 4476: 4467: 4458: 4443: 4431: 4396: 4382: 4364: 4355: 4346: 4337: 4328: 4319: 4310: 4301: 4289: 4280: 4271: 4262: 4253: 4231: 4222: 4213: 4201: 4192: 4173: 4164: 4155: 4146: 4118: 4109: 4100: 4077: 4068: 4056: 4047: 4019: 4003: 3994: 3983:, The Build-up 3971: 3962: 3953: 3944: 3932: 3917: 3894: 3885: 3876: 3864: 3855: 3846: 3837: 3820: 3800: 3791: 3782: 3773: 3759: 3741: 3732: 3723: 3707: 3698: 3689: 3677: 3661: 3652: 3632: 3623: 3595: 3586: 3569: 3547: 3525: 3516: 3504: 3488: 3479: 3467: 3457: 3456: 3454: 3451: 3448: 3447: 3438: 3429: 3420: 3411: 3402: 3393: 3380: 3366: 3365: 3363: 3360: 3358: 3355: 3354: 3353: 3342: 3341: 3336: 3325: 3324: 3319: 3308: 3307: 3300: 3297: 3296: 3295: 3286: 3280: 3271: 3265: 3256: 3251:Specific power 3247: 3239: 3236: 3235: 3234: 3229:Reduction gear 3225: 3215: 3203: 3181: 3176:Claudel-Hobson 3169: 3156: 3137: 3134: 3133: 3132: 3123: 3117: 3111: 3105: 3096: 3087: 3078: 3066: 3063: 3045: 3042: 3019: 3018: 2993: 2992: 2957: 2956: 2934: 2931: 2930: 2929: 2922: 2915: 2908: 2900: 2899: 2895: 2894: 2887: 2879: 2878: 2874: 2873: 2868: 2863: 2857: 2856: 2843:The R-powered 2836: 2833: 2830: 2829: 2821:Coniston Water 2817: 2813: 2812: 2801: 2797: 2796: 2789: 2785: 2784: 2775: 2771: 2770: 2763: 2759: 2758: 2747: 2743: 2742: 2735: 2732: 2731: 2729: 2722: 2719: 2711: 2710: 2693: 2689: 2688: 2677: 2673: 2672: 2669: 2662: 2659: 2651: 2650: 2648: 2645: 2643: 2635: 2634: 2632: 2619: 2616: 2608: 2607: 2605: 2594: 2591: 2583: 2582: 2567: 2563: 2562: 2560: 2557: 2554: 2546: 2545: 2538: 2535: 2534: 2523: 2519: 2518: 2512: 2508:Flown in S.6B 2506: 2503: 2495: 2494: 2479: 2476: 2475: 2464: 2460: 2459: 2453: 2448:Fitted in S6B 2446: 2443: 2435: 2434: 2432: 2425: 2422: 2414: 2413: 2411: 2404: 2401: 2393: 2392: 2383: 2379: 2378: 2375: 2371: 2370: 2368: 2358: 2355: 2347: 2346: 2339: 2336: 2335: 2324: 2320: 2319: 2317: 2307:Lord Wakefield 2289: 2286: 2278: 2277: 2272:Flown in S.6B 2270: 2266: 2265: 2260:Flown in S.6A 2258: 2254: 2253: 2251: 2250:for the race. 2244: 2241: 2233: 2232: 2225: 2221: 2220: 2218: 2211: 2208: 2200: 2199: 2196: 2192: 2191: 2188: 2184: 2183: 2182:for the race. 2172: 2168: 2167: 2160: 2156: 2155: 2153: 2146: 2145:4 August 1929 2143: 2135: 2134: 2127: 2123: 2122: 2120: 2113: 2110: 2102: 2101: 2094: 2090: 2089: 2086: 2085:7 August 1929 2082: 2081: 2079: 2076: 2073: 2065: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2055: 2048: 2044: 2043: 2036: 2032: 2031: 2028: 2024: 2023: 2020: 2016: 2015: 2012: 2008: 2007: 2000: 1999:25 April 1931 1996: 1995: 1992: 1991:24 April 1931 1988: 1987: 1984: 1983:23 April 1931 1980: 1979: 1976: 1975:21 April 1931 1972: 1971: 1968: 1964: 1963: 1961: 1958: 1955: 1947: 1946: 1934: 1930: 1929: 1926: 1922: 1921: 1919: 1912: 1909: 1901: 1900: 1897: 1894: 1891: 1884: 1881: 1880: 1879: 1862: 1859: 1834: 1831: 1822: 1816: 1811: 1808: 1795: 1792: 1779: 1738: 1735: 1733: 1730: 1729: 1728: 1720: 1712: 1704: 1696: 1692: 1691: 1683: 1675: 1671: 1670: 1664: 1658: 1633: 1630: 1620: 1560:Coniston Water 1515: 1514: 1475: 1474: 1413: 1412: 1364: 1361: 1301: 1300: 1278:Press report, 1275: 1239:Lord Wakefield 1164: 1163: 1140: 1137: 1114: 1113: 1088: 1087: 1054: 1051: 1034:Liberty engine 1006: 1003: 890:Main article: 887: 884: 877:Steve Holter, 874: 823:Fairey Firefly 810:of the 1940s. 780: 777: 713: 712:Flight testing 710: 625: 624:Ground testing 622: 620: 617: 507: 504: 457: 454: 285:and including 278: 275: 273:of that year. 262:R. J. Mitchell 260:, was sent to 244: 241: 239: 236: 136: 135: 130: 128:Developed from 124: 123: 120: 114: 113: 98: 92: 91: 88: 84: 83: 78: 74: 73: 68: 64: 63: 52: 48: 47: 35: 34: 26: 25: 24:Rolls-Royce R 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5560: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5541: 5539: 5536: 5535: 5533: 5526: 5518: 5514: 5508: 5502: 5499: 5497: 5496:Arthur Rubbra 5494: 5492: 5489: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5481:Harry Ricardo 5479: 5477: 5476:Cyril Lovesey 5474: 5472: 5469: 5467: 5464: 5462: 5459: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5447: 5444: 5443: 5441: 5437: 5427: 5424: 5422: 5419: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5409: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5395: 5394: 5392: 5388: 5385: 5379: 5373: 5370: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5360: 5358: 5355: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5295: 5293: 5290: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5245: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5225: 5223: 5220: 5218: 5215: 5213: 5210: 5208: 5205: 5203: 5200: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5190: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5180: 5178: 5175: 5173: 5170: 5169: 5167: 5161: 5155: 5152: 5150: 5147: 5145: 5142: 5140: 5137: 5135: 5132: 5130: 5127: 5125: 5122: 5120: 5117: 5116: 5114: 5112: 5108: 5104: 5098: 5097:Trent (RB203) 5095: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5083: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5073: 5070: 5067: 5064: 5061: 5058: 5056: 5053: 5051: 5048: 5046: 5043: 5040: 5037: 5035: 5032: 5030: 5027: 5025:(with SNECMA) 5024: 5021: 5019: 5016: 5014: 5011: 5010: 5008: 5006: 5002: 4996: 4993: 4991: 4988: 4986: 4983: 4981: 4978: 4976: 4973: 4971: 4968: 4966: 4963: 4961: 4958: 4956: 4953: 4951: 4948: 4946:(with SNECMA) 4945: 4942: 4939: 4935: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4925: 4922: 4920: 4917: 4916: 4914: 4912: 4908: 4902: 4899: 4897: 4894: 4893: 4891: 4889: 4885: 4875: 4872: 4870: 4867: 4865: 4862: 4860: 4857: 4855: 4852: 4851: 4849: 4845: 4839: 4836: 4834: 4831: 4829: 4826: 4824: 4821: 4819: 4816: 4814: 4811: 4809: 4806: 4804: 4801: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4791: 4789: 4786: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4769: 4766: 4764: 4761: 4759: 4756: 4755: 4753: 4749: 4746: 4744: 4740: 4736: 4733: 4726: 4721: 4719: 4714: 4712: 4707: 4706: 4703: 4697: 4694: 4692: 4690: 4685: 4682: 4678: 4675: 4672: 4671: 4662: 4661:1-872922-00-7 4658: 4654: 4651:Rubbra, A.A. 4650: 4647: 4646:0-85368-861-3 4643: 4639: 4635: 4632: 4631:1-85310-294-6 4628: 4624: 4620: 4618: 4614: 4610: 4606: 4604: 4603:1-85058-804-X 4600: 4596: 4592: 4590: 4589:0-7509-4478-1 4586: 4582: 4578: 4576: 4575:1-85260-163-9 4572: 4568: 4564: 4561: 4560:1-84037-257-5 4557: 4553: 4549: 4547: 4546:1-85780-183-0 4543: 4539: 4535: 4534: 4519: 4510: 4501: 4492: 4490: 4480: 4471: 4462: 4455: 4450: 4448: 4438: 4436: 4428: 4423: 4421: 4419: 4417: 4415: 4413: 4411: 4409: 4407: 4405: 4403: 4401: 4391: 4389: 4387: 4377: 4375: 4373: 4371: 4369: 4359: 4350: 4341: 4332: 4323: 4314: 4305: 4296: 4294: 4284: 4275: 4266: 4257: 4248: 4246: 4244: 4242: 4240: 4238: 4236: 4226: 4217: 4208: 4206: 4196: 4189: 4185: 4182: 4177: 4168: 4159: 4150: 4141: 4139: 4137: 4135: 4133: 4131: 4129: 4127: 4125: 4123: 4113: 4104: 4097: 4093: 4092: 4088: 4081: 4072: 4063: 4061: 4051: 4044: 4040: 4037: 4035: 4028: 4026: 4024: 4016: 4015:, 1931 Report 4014: 4007: 3998: 3991: 3987: 3984: 3982: 3975: 3966: 3957: 3948: 3939: 3937: 3928: 3921: 3914: 3910: 3907: 3905: 3898: 3889: 3880: 3873: 3868: 3859: 3850: 3841: 3834: 3830: 3824: 3815: 3813: 3811: 3809: 3807: 3805: 3795: 3786: 3777: 3768: 3766: 3764: 3754: 3752: 3750: 3748: 3746: 3736: 3727: 3718: 3716: 3714: 3712: 3702: 3693: 3684: 3682: 3672: 3670: 3668: 3666: 3656: 3649: 3645: 3643: 3636: 3627: 3618: 3616: 3614: 3612: 3610: 3608: 3606: 3604: 3602: 3600: 3590: 3583: 3579: 3573: 3566: 3562: 3556: 3554: 3552: 3542: 3540: 3538: 3536: 3534: 3532: 3530: 3520: 3511: 3509: 3499: 3497: 3495: 3493: 3483: 3474: 3472: 3462: 3458: 3442: 3433: 3424: 3415: 3406: 3397: 3390: 3384: 3377: 3371: 3367: 3352: 3349: 3348: 3347: 3346: 3345:Related lists 3340: 3339:Mikulin AM-38 3337: 3335: 3332: 3331: 3330: 3329: 3323: 3320: 3318: 3315: 3314: 3313: 3312: 3306: 3303: 3302: 3293: 3291: 3287: 3284: 3281: 3278: 3276: 3272: 3269: 3266: 3263: 3261: 3257: 3254: 3252: 3248: 3245: 3244:Power output: 3242: 3241: 3232: 3230: 3226: 3223: 3219: 3216: 3214: 3210: 3207: 3204: 3201: 3197: 3193: 3189: 3185: 3182: 3180: 3177: 3173: 3170: 3167: 3164:Single-speed 3163: 3161: 3157: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3144: 3140: 3139: 3130: 3128: 3124: 3121: 3118: 3115: 3112: 3109: 3106: 3103: 3101: 3097: 3094: 3092: 3088: 3085: 3083: 3079: 3076: 3072: 3069: 3068: 3062: 3061: 3058: 3050: 3041: 3039: 3035: 3030: 3028: 3024: 3017: 3014: 3013: 3012: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2991: 2988: 2987: 2986: 2984: 2980: 2976: 2972: 2971: 2970:Thunderbolt's 2966: 2962: 2955: 2952: 2951: 2948: 2944: 2939: 2928: 2927: 2923: 2921: 2920: 2916: 2914: 2913: 2909: 2907: 2906: 2902: 2901: 2897: 2896: 2893: 2892: 2888: 2886: 2885: 2881: 2880: 2876: 2875: 2872: 2869: 2867: 2864: 2862: 2859: 2858: 2854: 2853: 2850: 2846: 2841: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2815: 2814: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2800:10 June 1951 2799: 2798: 2794: 2793:Blue Bird K4, 2790: 2787: 2786: 2782: 2781: 2776: 2773: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2761: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2745: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2734: 2733: 2727: 2723: 2720: 2718: 2717: 2712: 2708: 2704: 2700: 2699: 2694: 2691: 2690: 2686: 2682: 2678: 2675: 2674: 2667: 2663: 2660: 2658: 2657: 2652: 2649: 2646: 2644: 2642: 2641: 2637: 2636: 2633: 2630: 2626: 2625: 2620: 2617: 2615: 2614: 2610: 2609: 2606: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2592: 2590: 2589: 2585: 2584: 2580: 2579:John Boothman 2576: 2572: 2568: 2565: 2564: 2558: 2555: 2553: 2552: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2537: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2521: 2520: 2516: 2511: 2507: 2504: 2502: 2501: 2496: 2492: 2486: 2485: 2480: 2478: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2465: 2462: 2461: 2457: 2451: 2447: 2444: 2442: 2441: 2436: 2433: 2430: 2426: 2424:30 July 1931 2423: 2421: 2420: 2416: 2415: 2412: 2409: 2405: 2402: 2400: 2399: 2395: 2394: 2390: 2389: 2384: 2382:30 June 1937 2381: 2380: 2376: 2373: 2372: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2356: 2354: 2353: 2348: 2344: 2343:George Eyston 2340: 2338: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2322: 2321: 2316: 2314: 2308: 2304: 2303: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2287: 2285: 2284: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2268: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2257:26 June 1931 2256: 2255: 2249: 2245: 2242: 2240: 2239: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2223: 2222: 2216: 2213:Flown in S.6 2212: 2209: 2207: 2206: 2201: 2197: 2194: 2193: 2189: 2186: 2185: 2181: 2177: 2173: 2170: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2158: 2157: 2151: 2147: 2144: 2142: 2141: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2125: 2124: 2118: 2114: 2111: 2109: 2108: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2092: 2091: 2087: 2084: 2083: 2077: 2075:18 June 1929 2074: 2072: 2071: 2066: 2061: 2059:28 July 1931 2058: 2057: 2053: 2050:Running with 2049: 2047:14 July 1931 2046: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2034: 2033: 2029: 2026: 2025: 2021: 2018: 2017: 2013: 2010: 2009: 2005: 2001: 1998: 1997: 1993: 1990: 1989: 1985: 1982: 1981: 1977: 1974: 1973: 1969: 1966: 1965: 1959: 1956: 1954: 1953: 1948: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1932: 1931: 1927: 1924: 1923: 1917: 1913: 1911:7 April 1929 1910: 1908: 1907: 1902: 1898: 1895: 1892: 1889: 1888: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1863: 1860: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1835: 1832: 1830: 1826: 1823: 1821: 1817: 1815: 1812: 1809: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1796: 1793: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1780: 1777: 1776: 1775: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1752: 1748: 1745:Rear view of 1743: 1726: 1725: 1721: 1718: 1717: 1713: 1710: 1709: 1705: 1702: 1701: 1697: 1694: 1693: 1689: 1688: 1684: 1681: 1680: 1676: 1673: 1672: 1668: 1665: 1662: 1659: 1656: 1655: 1654: 1653: 1647: 1643: 1638: 1626: 1619: 1616: 1610: 1608: 1602: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1582: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1563: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1524: 1519: 1513: 1510: 1509: 1508: 1506: 1502: 1501:Lake Maggiore 1499:was taken to 1498: 1494: 1490: 1489: 1484: 1480: 1473: 1470: 1469: 1468: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1457: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1431: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1411: 1407: 1404: 1403: 1400: 1399: 1394: 1393: 1387: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1360: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1317: 1312: 1308: 1307: 1299: 1296: 1295: 1294: 1292: 1288: 1281: 1274: 1269: 1267: 1263: 1258: 1256: 1252: 1251:George Eyston 1248: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1223: 1221: 1217: 1216: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1198: 1196: 1195:King George V 1192: 1188: 1184: 1178: 1174: 1173: 1168: 1162: 1159: 1158: 1156: 1150: 1146: 1136: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1119: 1111: 1110: 1109: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1093: 1085: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1059: 1050: 1048: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1002: 1000: 996: 992: 987: 985: 984:Macchi M.C.72 981: 976: 974: 970: 966: 963:V-12-powered 962: 958: 953: 949: 945: 938: 933: 929: 927: 923: 919: 915: 911: 907: 903: 899: 893: 880: 873: 869: 867: 863: 859: 855: 851: 846: 844: 840: 836: 831: 828: 824: 820: 816: 811: 809: 805: 801: 797: 796:Arthur Rubbra 794:According to 790: 785: 776: 775: 771: 767: 762: 759: 755: 751: 748:indicating a 747: 743: 742:scrutineering 739: 735: 731: 727: 723: 719: 718:Cyril Lovesey 709: 707: 704: 700: 696: 692: 687: 685: 681: 677: 673: 672: 667: 663: 659: 654: 652: 648: 643: 639: 635: 631: 616: 614: 610: 606: 602: 597: 595: 591: 587: 583: 579: 575: 571: 567: 563: 558: 556: 552: 548: 544: 543: 538: 534: 530: 525: 521: 512: 503: 501: 497: 492: 490: 486: 482: 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 453: 451: 447: 443: 439: 434: 432: 428: 424: 420: 419:exhaust valve 417: 416:sodium-filled 412: 410: 406: 402: 398: 394: 393:Arthur Rubbra 389: 387: 383: 379: 375: 371: 367: 363: 359: 351: 346: 342: 340: 336: 332: 328: 324: 320: 316: 312: 308: 304: 300: 296: 292: 288: 287:Cyril Lovesey 284: 274: 271: 267: 263: 259: 254: 250: 235: 233: 229: 228: 223: 219: 214: 212: 208: 204: 200: 196: 192: 188: 184: 181: 176: 174: 170: 167: 163: 159: 155: 151: 147: 144:is a British 143: 142:Rolls-Royce R 134: 131: 126: 125: 121: 116: 115: 112: 111: 106: 102: 99: 94: 93: 90:7 April 1929 89: 86: 85: 82: 79: 76: 75: 72: 69: 67:Manufacturer 66: 65: 62: 59: 56: 53: 50: 49: 45: 41: 36: 32: 27: 22: 19: 5525: 5466:Gordon Lewis 5456:Ernest Hives 5412:Gas turbines 5165:designations 4873: 4832: 4783:Eagle (H-24) 4773:Eagle (V-12) 4735:aero engines 4688: 4676: 4652: 4637: 4622: 4609:The Fast Set 4608: 4594: 4580: 4566: 4551: 4537: 4536:Ellis, Ken. 4530:Bibliography 4518: 4509: 4500: 4479: 4470: 4461: 4358: 4349: 4340: 4331: 4322: 4313: 4304: 4283: 4274: 4265: 4256: 4225: 4216: 4195: 4176: 4167: 4158: 4149: 4112: 4103: 4095: 4090: 4086: 4080: 4071: 4050: 4033: 4012: 4006: 3997: 3980: 3974: 3965: 3956: 3947: 3926: 3920: 3903: 3897: 3888: 3879: 3867: 3858: 3849: 3840: 3832: 3823: 3794: 3785: 3776: 3735: 3726: 3701: 3692: 3655: 3647: 3641: 3635: 3626: 3589: 3581: 3572: 3564: 3519: 3482: 3461: 3441: 3432: 3423: 3414: 3405: 3396: 3388: 3383: 3370: 3344: 3343: 3327: 3326: 3310: 3309: 3288: 3282: 3273: 3267: 3258: 3249: 3243: 3227: 3217: 3205: 3183: 3179:carburettors 3172:Fuel system: 3171: 3160:Supercharger 3158: 3155:on each bank 3141: 3125: 3119: 3113: 3107: 3100:Displacement 3098: 3089: 3080: 3070: 3059: 3056: 3055: 3037: 3031: 3027:Blue Bird K3 3026: 3022: 3020: 3015: 3008: 3004: 3000: 2994: 2989: 2979:Air Ministry 2974: 2968: 2965:RAF Cranwell 2958: 2953: 2942: 2924: 2917: 2912:Blue Bird K4 2910: 2905:Blue Bird K3 2903: 2889: 2882: 2848: 2835:Applications 2825:Blue Bird K4 2824: 2808: 2805:Blue Bird K4 2804: 2792: 2780:Blue Bird K4 2778: 2766: 2755:Blue Bird K3 2754: 2750: 2738: 2725: 2715: 2714: 2698:Blue Bird K4 2696: 2685:Saunders-Roe 2681:Blue Bird K3 2680: 2679:Fitted into 2665: 2655: 2654: 2639: 2638: 2622: 2612: 2611: 2597: 2587: 2586: 2570: 2550: 2549: 2541: 2526: 2509: 2499: 2498: 2491:RAF Cranwell 2482: 2467: 2449: 2439: 2438: 2428: 2418: 2417: 2407: 2403:6 July 1931 2397: 2396: 2388:Blue Bird K3 2386: 2365: 2361: 2351: 2350: 2310: 2300: 2282: 2281: 2273: 2261: 2247: 2237: 2236: 2214: 2204: 2203: 2179: 2174:Returned to 2163: 2149: 2139: 2138: 2130: 2112:6 July 1929 2106: 2105: 2069: 2068: 2035:29 May 1931 2027:15 May 1931 2019:14 May 1931 2004:Air Ministry 1957:15 May 1929 1951: 1950: 1905: 1904: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1828: 1824: 1819: 1813: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1756: 1746: 1724:Blue Bird K4 1722: 1716:Blue Bird K3 1714: 1706: 1698: 1685: 1677: 1651: 1650: 1624: 1614: 1612: 1603: 1590: 1587:Blue Bird K4 1586: 1583: 1564: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1527: 1523:Blue Bird K4 1521: 1517: 1516: 1511: 1504: 1497:Blue Bird K3 1496: 1488:Blue Bird K3 1486: 1482: 1479:Napier Lions 1476: 1472:Blue Bird K3 1471: 1464: 1460: 1454: 1442: 1428: 1420: 1416: 1414: 1409: 1405: 1396: 1390: 1381:Blue Bird K4 1377:Blue Bird K3 1356: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1324: 1314: 1304: 1302: 1297: 1286: 1285: 1280:The Fast Set 1279: 1271: 1259: 1246: 1242: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1224: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1199: 1181: 1170: 1160: 1132: 1128: 1115: 1106: 1089: 1026:Aero engines 1022: 988: 977: 941: 902:Air Ministry 895: 878: 871: 847: 832: 812: 803: 799: 793: 773: 763: 754:Ernest Hives 716:Overseen by 715: 703:coarse-pitch 688: 669: 655: 642:main bearing 637: 629: 627: 598: 559: 540: 524:supercharger 517: 493: 459: 435: 413: 390: 355: 311:supercharger 283:Ernest Hives 280: 246: 226: 225: 215: 209:and his son 177: 166:supercharged 152:purposes by 141: 139: 118:Number built 110:Blue Bird K4 108: 39: 18: 5491:Henry Royce 5426:Marine Spey 5111:Turboshafts 4944:Olympus 593 4681:Flash Video 3238:Performance 3206:Oil system: 3005:Thunderbolt 2983:RAF Calshot 2891:Thunderbolt 2739:Thunderbolt 2542:Thunderbolt 2484:Thunderbolt 2357:April 1930 2288:April 1930 2098:dynamometer 2011:1 May 1931 1933:7 May 1929 1925:1 May 1929 1687:Thunderbolt 1623:Leo Villa, 1493:Loch Lomond 1451:Loch Lomond 1337:Thunderbolt 1325:Thunderbolt 1316:Thunderbolt 1298:Thunderbolt 1202:Napier Lion 1038:Napier Lion 965:Macchi M.52 950:flying the 922:Napier Lion 854:Supermarine 758:Southampton 746:spark plugs 732:station on 730:flying boat 722:RAF Calshot 680:cotton wool 562:"Rod" Banks 551:spark plugs 446:spark plugs 423:gudgeon pin 370:auxiliaries 295:Henry Royce 277:Description 266:Supermarine 249:Napier Lion 146:aero engine 61:aero engine 5532:Categories 5107:Turboprops 4010:RAF (UK). 3978:RAF (UK). 3901:RAF (UK). 3357:References 3202:per gallon 3184:Fuel type: 3143:Valvetrain 3136:Components 3127:Dry weight 3034:Solent Sky 2749:Replaced 2661:Late-1933 2629:Brooklands 2187:June 1931 1607:Lake Garda 1599:Brooklands 1435:Windermere 1264:, held at 1262:Motor Show 1191:knighthood 1153:See also: 1075:Stainforth 1047:powerboats 918:Felixstowe 695:castor oil 647:Wellworthy 500:detonation 450:combustion 378:crankshaft 173:horsepower 150:air racing 87:First run 5511:See also 5439:Designers 5005:Turbofans 4911:Turbojets 4828:Peregrine 4689:The Motor 4679:Requires 3927:The Times 3453:Citations 3362:Footnotes 3334:Fiat AS.6 3057:Data from 2489:Later to 2334:attempt. 1942:crankcase 1679:Blue Bird 1567:Leo Villa 1439:Friday 13 1287:Blue Bird 1215:Blue Bird 1127:, serial 1079:Atcherley 980:Fiat AS.6 969:Fiat C.29 961:Fiat AS.3 924:-powered 898:seaplanes 860:-powered 843:Type Test 738:Hampshire 706:propeller 666:crankcase 522:were its 481:empennage 469:radiators 327:crankcase 315:cylinders 77:Designer 5282:RB168-62 5045:RB168-62 4938:variants 4751:By name: 4683:to view. 4184:Archived 4039:Archived 3986:Archived 3909:Archived 3391:in 1933. 3299:See also 3209:Dry sump 3192:methanol 2855:Aircraft 2819:Sank at 2604:Contest 2573:for the 1646:fuselage 1621:— 1447:Kaye Don 1276:— 1040:and the 875:— 850:Spitfire 827:camshaft 726:seaplane 699:laxative 676:tinnitus 662:airspeed 613:airframe 586:methanol 576:(cc) of 535:) above 527:18 477:fuselage 442:magnetos 374:fuselage 358:camshaft 222:Spitfire 183:seaplane 162:capacity 5034:Pegasus 4995:Welland 4936: ( 4934:Olympus 4924:Derwent 4838:Vulture 4823:Pennine 4813:Kestrel 4803:Griffon 4798:Goshawk 4758:Buzzard 3196:acetone 3188:benzole 3120:Height: 3108:Length: 2945:at the 2229:Buzzard 2117:Calshot 1916:benzole 1751:magneto 1571:Cockney 1220:Daytona 1071:Orlebar 1067:Waghorn 808:Griffon 800:Griffon 766:magneto 658:Kestrel 619:Testing 609:Buzzard 594:acetone 566:benzole 461:Cooling 456:Cooling 405:Goshawk 382:big end 258:Buzzard 227:Griffon 5327:RB.193 5267:RB.162 5139:Nimbus 5060:RB.193 5050:RB.175 5029:Medway 5018:Conway 4985:Thames 4965:RB.162 4960:RB.145 4955:RB.108 4950:RB.106 4874:Type R 4869:Type F 4864:Type G 4859:Type H 4818:Merlin 4793:Falcon 4763:Condor 4659: 4644: 4629: 4615: 4601: 4587: 4573: 4558: 4544: 4096:Flight 3833:Flight 3648:Flight 3582:Flight 3565:Flight 3194:, 10% 3190:, 60% 3149:sodium 3114:Width: 3091:Stroke 2977:under 2707:Goblin 2571:S1595, 2510:S1596, 2450:S1596, 2429:S1596, 2408:S1595, 2274:S1595, 2052:sodium 2040:sodium 1890:Engine 1554:, but 1379:, and 1333:Tipton 1321:clutch 1241:, and 1187:Donald 1032:: the 1017:, and 852:, the 819:stroke 750:piston 473:floats 397:stroke 362:rocker 335:R.R 50 307:degree 303:stroke 243:Origin 211:Donald 55:Piston 5372:RB508 5367:RB410 5362:RB235 5357:RB220 5352:RB211 5347:RB203 5342:RB207 5337:RB202 5332:RB199 5322:RB183 5317:RB181 5312:RB178 5307:RB177 5302:RB176 5297:RB175 5292:RB174 5287:RB172 5277:RB168 5272:RB163 5262:RB153 5257:RB146 5252:RB145 5247:RB142 5242:RB141 5237:RB140 5232:RB109 5227:RB108 5222:RB106 5149:Tweed 5144:Trent 5134:Gnome 5119:Clyde 5087:RB235 5082:RB220 5077:RB211 5072:RB202 5066:RB199 5055:RB178 5039:RB153 5013:Adour 4990:Viper 4970:RB176 4896:Larch 4768:Crecy 4677:Note: 4091:S1596 4034:S1595 3071:Type: 3038:N248, 3009:S1595 2898:Boats 2849:S1596 2741:car. 2721:1935 2701:with 2668:car. 2618:1933 2527:S1595 2468:S1596 2374:1935 2323:1935 2299:boat 2262:N248, 2248:N248, 2224:1930 2176:Derby 2150:N247, 2131:N248, 1896:Notes 1652:Note: 1345:S1595 1273:list. 1133:S1596 1129:S1595 1107:N247. 944:Cowes 684:Mayor 634:Derby 555:Lodge 51:Type 5515:and 5217:RB93 5212:RB82 5207:RB80 5202:RB53 5197:RB50 5192:RB44 5187:RB41 5182:RB39 5177:RB37 5172:RB23 5154:Tyne 5124:Dart 5092:Spey 5023:M45H 4975:Soar 4929:Nene 4919:Avon 4854:PV12 4808:Hawk 4657:ISBN 4642:ISBN 4627:ISBN 4613:ISBN 4599:ISBN 4585:ISBN 4571:ISBN 4556:ISBN 4542:ISBN 3186:30% 3082:Bore 2995:The 2959:The 2943:R25, 2877:Cars 2598:N248 2215:N248 2180:N247 2164:N247 1893:Date 1875:and 1855:and 1827:and 1804:and 1788:and 1569:, a 1463:and 1419:and 1408:and 1395:and 1339:was 1233:and 1147:and 1077:and 973:AS.5 817:and 815:bore 728:and 724:, a 651:tons 601:idle 580:per 485:heat 479:and 465:drag 436:The 366:fair 360:and 329:and 299:bore 293:and 197:and 195:land 169:V-12 140:The 58:V-12 5129:Gem 4980:Tay 4833:"R" 4788:Exe 3389:R37 3264:6:1 3075:"V" 3023:R37 3016:R37 3001:R27 2990:R27 2985:. 2975:R25 2954:R25 2823:in 2809:R37 2803:In 2791:In 2777:In 2753:in 2751:R37 2726:R37 2716:R39 2695:In 2683:by 2656:R37 2640:R35 2613:R33 2588:R31 2551:R29 2500:R27 2440:R25 2419:R23 2398:R21 2352:R19 2295:'s 2283:R17 2238:R15 2205:R11 1877:R39 1873:R37 1869:R35 1865:R33 1857:R31 1853:R29 1849:R27 1845:R25 1841:R23 1837:R21 1829:R19 1825:R17 1814:R11 1806:R15 1772:R13 1768:R17 1764:R18 1760:R17 1747:R27 1615:R37 1597:at 1552:R39 1548:R37 1540:R37 1518:R39 1505:R39 1483:R37 1465:R19 1461:R17 1421:R19 1417:R17 1410:III 1398:III 1357:R39 1353:R17 1349:R25 1341:R27 1331:in 1293:. 1249:to 1247:R17 1243:R39 1237:by 1235:R19 1231:R17 1227:R37 1210:R31 1208:or 1206:R25 804:R11 736:in 533:bar 270:S.6 264:of 122:19 40:R27 5534:: 4488:^ 4446:^ 4434:^ 4399:^ 4385:^ 4367:^ 4292:^ 4234:^ 4204:^ 4121:^ 4094:" 4059:^ 4022:^ 3935:^ 3831:" 3803:^ 3762:^ 3744:^ 3710:^ 3680:^ 3664:^ 3646:" 3598:^ 3580:" 3563:" 3550:^ 3528:^ 3507:^ 3491:^ 3470:^ 2847:, 2767:K3 2631:. 2517:. 2493:. 2474:. 2458:. 2452:. 2309:. 2276:. 2264:. 2166:. 2140:R9 2107:R7 2070:R5 1952:R3 1906:R1 1871:, 1867:, 1851:, 1847:, 1843:, 1839:, 1802:R9 1800:, 1798:R7 1790:R5 1786:R3 1784:, 1782:R1 1591:K3 1556:K4 1544:K4 1536:K4 1528:K4 1507:. 1467:. 1375:, 1371:, 1359:. 1222:. 1105:, 1073:, 1036:, 1013:, 916:, 638:R7 630:R1 491:. 388:. 337:" 325:, 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Index