History of ExxonMobil

1113: 299: 699: 975:. In late 1983, an "uneasy truce" was reached between two major stockholders, former chairman Howard B. Keck and his sister Willametta Keck Day. Day had in April of that year"led a stockholder revolt" leading to changes in Superior's bylaws, requiring the company's management to consider takeover bids. Howard Keck had opposed the bylaw change. He reversed his position on the bylaws November 1983 and disclosed his intention to sell his stake. Several months before March 1984, the Keck family, which owned a total of about 22 percent of the stock of Superior, approached Mobil Corporation (now part of ExxonMobil) with an offer to sell the family stock. 851: 863: 450:

test-marketing of the Exxon name, under two experimental logos, in the fall and winter of 1971–72. Exxon was "one of hundreds of names that came out of a computer and was then tested linguistically, psychologically, and for design potential." Along with the new name, Exxon settled on a rectangular logo using red lettering and blue trim on a white background, similar to the familiar color scheme on the old Enco and Esso logos. The rectangular Exxon logo, with the blue strip at the bottom and red lettering with the two 'X's interlinked together, was designed by noted industrial stylist

635: 260:. As a part of the cooperation between Jersey Standard and IG Farben, a joint company, Standard I.G. Company, was established with Jersey Standard having a stake of 80%. IG Farben transferred rights to the hydrogenation process outside of Germany to the joint venture in exchange of $ 35 million stake of Jersey Standard shares. In 1930, the joint company established Hydro Patents Company to license the hydrogenation process in the United States. The agreement with IG Farben gave to Jersey Standard access to patents related to 1728:, a deal which would make it the largest shale gas producer in the Permian. Some, but not all analysts, expect that ExxonMobil's interest in Pioneer could cause a larger wave of large US shale gas companies to consolidate or be acquired by other firms. The company announced it would acquire Pioneer on October 11, 2023, in a $ 59.5 billion all-stock deal, the largest of the energy industry in nearly 20 years. Woods commented that the deal closed "relatively quickly" and that the opportunity for both companies was notably big. 398: 1476: 8173: 737: 1353:. ExxonMobil cited trademark surveys in which there was no longer possible confusion with the Esso name as it was more than seven decades before. BP also had no objection to lifting the ban. ExxonMobil did not specify whether they would now open new stations in the U.S. under the Esso name; they were primarily concerned about the additional expenses of having separate marketing, letterheads, packaging, and other materials that omit "Esso". 7655: 30: 2146: 1184: 313:, a phonetic pronunciation of the initials "S" and "O" in the name Standard Oil, as one of its primary brand names. However, several of the other Standard Oil spinoffs objected to the use of that name in their territories, and successfully got the U.S. federal courts in the 1930s to ban the Esso brand in those states. In those territories where the ban was in force, Jersey Standard instead marketed its products under the 8183: 442: 923: 454:. The interlinked 'X's are incorporated in the modern-day ExxonMobil corporate logo; in mid-2016, as part of a corporate rebranding accompanying the launch of ExxonMobil's "Synergy" fuel products, the mixed-case Exxon wordmark from the ExxonMobil corporate logo became the brand's main logo. The current form of the Exxon logo was made on March 3, 1972, by New York-based Louis Liska. Exxon replaced the 979:

nation's largest independent oil producer. The takeover was completed in September 1984, with Superior, then based in Houston, becoming a wholly owned subsidiary of Mobil. It was the fifth-largest oil merger in history, with the combined companies having over $ 60 billion in combined sales. Among other changes, in February 1985 it was reported that Mobil was planning on selling an unprofitable

63:, which would become part of ExxonMobil through its own merger with Mobil during the 1930s. The present name of the company comes from a 1999 merger of Standard Oil's New Jersey and New York successors, which adopted the names Exxon and Mobil respectively throughout the middle of the 20th century. Because of Standard Oil of New Jersey's ownership over all Standard Oil assets at the time of the 1695:. April saw the company discover three new fields which total to about 11 billion new barrels of oil discovered. In September 2022, Exxon made two more discoveries off the coast of Guyana. Since Exxon's initial entry into Guyana in 2015, the South American country has been the home of one third of all oil discoveries made between then and now. In November 2022, Exxon also made 799: 421:. In 1969, it created a subsidiary, Jersey Nuclear Company (later: Exxon Nuclear Company), for manufacturing and marketing of uranium fuel, which was to be fabricated from uranium concentrates mined by the mineral department of Humble Oil (later: Exxon Minerals Company). In 1970, Jersey Nuclear opened a nuclear fuel manufacturing facility, now owned by 1047:, which was the largest industrial merger at the time. Formally, Mobil was acquired by Exxon. Mobil's shareholders received 1.32 Exxon's share for each Mobil's share. As a result, the former Mobil's shareholders receives about 30% in the merged company while the stake of former Exxon's shareholders was about 70%. The head of Exxon. 534:) lenses and flashes used a logo with the X's crossed in 'MAXXUM'. Exxon considered this a violation of their trademark, and as a result, Minolta was allowed to distribute cameras already produced, but was forced to change the stylistic 'XX' and implement this as a change in new production. ExxonMobil similarly sued 931:

Special was marketed in select areas as a midgrade gasoline. After a few years of advertising Mobil gasolines as "Megatane"-rated and as "High Energy" gasolines, Mobil began, in 1966, to promote both its Regular and Premium fuels as "Detergent Gasolines", due to the inclusion of additives designed to clean

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2022 saw continued rising profits for ExxonMobil, as their second quarter earnings totaled to $ 17.6 billion in profit, and $ 19.66 billion for the third quarter, which Woods attributed mostly to market conditions. The company attained wide scrutiny for the higher profits throughout 2022 for high gas

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In January 2022, ExxonMobil stated that it was consolidating and restructuring certain elements of its business, the most prominent being the consolidation of its chemical and refinery sectors. ExxonMobil additionally formalized the creation of a new low-carbon sector, which will handle the company's

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In October 2020, ExxonMobil announced that it will cut over 1,600 jobs in Europe as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. According to the company, the job cuts are necessary in order to produce cost cuts and they will be implemented by the end of 2021. The number of job cuts represents one-tenth of the

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In June 2019, following Washington D.C.'s increased sanctions on Iran, a rocket landed near the Iraqi headquarters of ExxonMobil, Shell, and Eni. It came after two separate attacks on United States Military bases in Iraq and one week after two oil tankers being hit by a 'flying object' in the Gulf of

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challenging the finding that the company violated sanctions imposed on Russia. William Holbrook, a company spokesman, said that the ExxonMobil had followed "clear guidance from the White House and Treasury Department when its representatives signed documents involving ongoing oil and gas activities

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plants, and a substantial part of the joint venture's finished lubricants business, while ExxonMobil acquired other base oil plants and a part of the finished lubricants business. The stake in Aral was sold to Vega Oel, later acquired by BP. The European Commission also demanded divesting of Mobil's

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and various internal engine parts. During the early 1970s, Mobil ran a TV commercial featuring a character known as "Mr. Dirt" to show the ruinous effects that dirt had on automotive engines for which a tank of Mobil Detergent Gasoline could provide a cure and preventive medicine against damage that

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announced that the major gas, coal, and oil companies would have to pay a windfall tax, an extra levy imposed by a government on a company that benefited from something they were not responsible for. In ExxonMobil's case, that was the Russian invasion of Ukraine, and their windfall tax was supposed

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emissions by 2030. Later, in January 2022, ExxonMobil additionally announced it was going to meet net zero emissions for Scope I and Scope II emissions across its entire business by 2050. Despite these commitments, the company was criticized for not fully committing to net zero Scope III emissions,

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Also in September 2016, ExxonMobil successfully asked a U.S. federal court to lift the trademark injunction that banned it from using the Esso brand in various U.S. states. By this time, as a result of numerous mergers and rebranding, the remaining Standard Oil companies that previously objected to

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In 1962, the gasoline product lines marketed as Mobilgas and Mobilgas Special were rebranded as Mobil Regular and Mobil Premium in a move to emphasize the shortened brand name "Mobil" in promotional efforts, although Mobiloil continued as a single-word term until the 1970s. In select markets, Mobil

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In 1965, Jersey Standard started to acquire coal assets through its affiliate Carter Oil (later renamed Exxon Coal, U.S.A.). For managing the Midwest and Eastern coal assets in the United States, the Monterey Coal Company was established in 1969. Carter Oil focused on the developing synthetic fuels

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Activist investor efforts failed, though, at the 2022 and 2023 annual meetings for the company, though two firms, Follow This and Arjuna Capital, were noted in early 2024 as being backers for climate petitions at that year's meeting. In response, in January 2024, ExxonMobil filed suit against both

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seeking to allow it to leave the country and Sakhalin. During a public conference call held after ExxonMobil released its third quarter earnings for 2022, Woods stated that ExxonMobil had safely completed its exit from Sakhalin, though Woods maintained that ExxonMobil's rights had been violated by

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would replace Raymond as CEO of the company. With 2005's $ 36 billion net income being a year of record profits in both company history as well as world history up to that point, ExxonMobil gave Raymond a $ 400 million retirement package, described as being among history's most generous. Raymond's

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gasolines. The newest formulas of Mobilgas Special were advertised as offering "A Tune-Up in Every Tankful" due to a combination of chemicals known as the "Mobil Power Compound" which was designed to increase power, check pre-ignition ping, correct spark plug misfiring, control stalling and combat

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The case originated with Socony-Vacuum's practices of organizing a cartel among the "major" oil companies in which they bought oil—known as "hot oil"—from independent producers and stored the surplus in tanks to limit the supply of oil available on the market and keep the price of oil artificially

1598:. The company released its 2021 Q4 Earnings early the next day on February 1, recording a 3-month profit of US$ 8.9 Billion, jumping over 80%. ExxonMobil that day additionally announced that both its total debt was now around pre-pandemic levels, and it would begin buying back some of its shares. 1152:

following the Iraqi government's lack of power and instability resulting from the Iraq War. ExxonMobil alone produces 2,325,000 bpd or $ 967,432,500 per year of gross revenue in Iraq to maintain low prices. This practice is considered to be beneficial to the big oil consumer countries and allows

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and other automakers for increasing the detergency of its Super Unleaded gasoline in 1984 to prevent formation or deposit build-ups of the injectors but also remove existing deposits as well in normal driving. At the end of the 1980s Mobil sold its fuel stations in Norway, Sweden, and Denmark to

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Under the guidance of its paid consultants at Boston Consulting Group, Exxon announced in the 1970s that it would compete against IBM and Xerox. The mantra was "Information Is the Oil of the 21st Century". It launched Exxon Office Systems, and the early 1980s, Exxon retailed its fax machines and

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ExxonMobil today retains usage of both Exxon and Mobil as brands. Exxon is exclusively used at fuel stations within the United States, and its logo has been redesigned since so that all letters except for the leading "E" are in lowercase, while the double X has been retained. Mobil is also used

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In March 1984, Mobil announced that it had "secretly" agreed to buy the 22 percent, and would offer the company's remaining stockholders the same price, at $ 45 a share. In March 1984, Superior Oil was in the process of being acquired by Mobil for $ 5.7 billion. At that time the company was the

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In 1998, Exxon and Mobil signed a US$ 73.7 billion merger agreement forming a new company called Exxon Mobil Corp. (ExxonMobil), the largest oil company and the third-largest company in the world. This was the largest corporate merger at that time. At the time of the merger, Exxon was the

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and motor oils in the United States and even held the top spot during the 1940s and much of the 1950s. Various Mobil products during the Socony-Vacuum and Socony-Mobil years included Metro, Mobilgas and Mobilgas Special gasolines; Mobilfuel Diesel, MobilHeat and Mobil-flame heating oil, Mobil

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In 1972, Exxon was unveiled as the new, unified brand name for all former Enco and Esso outlets. At the same time, the company changed its corporate name from Standard Oil of New Jersey to Exxon Corporation, and Humble Oil became Exxon Company, U.S.A. The rebranding came after successful

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headquartered in England, conducted business with Iran, Syria, and Sudan while those states were under US sanctions. ExxonMobil representatives said that because Infineum was based in Europe and the transactions did not involve any U.S. employees, this did not violate the sanctions.

1625:) and halting all new investments in Russia. In a company statement, ExxonMobil detailed that it stands with the Ukrainian people "as they seek to defend their freedom and determine their own future as a nation". ExxonMobil concurrently announced it would increase investments into 1516:

and other GOP-supporting organizations, neither ExxonMobil nor Woods donated to Donald Trump. After the rally, the company stated on Twitter that a "hypothetical" call between Trump and Woods never happened. The oil giant's employees additionally donated to Trump's then-opponent

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in the United States, especially during a time where oil prices were at high levels, though the company defended its generous retirement package by explaining that Lee's leadership helped increase ExxonMobil's stock price by 500% and become the largest oil company in the world.

892:, Gargoyle, Mobiloil and Mobiloil Special motor oils; Mobilgrease, Mobillubrication, Mobil Upperlube, Mobil Freezone and Permazone antifreezes, Mobilfluid automatic transmission fluid, Mobil Premiere tires, Mobil Stop-Leak, and Mobil Lustrecloth, among many others. 201:, a Texas oil producer. In 1920, it was listed on the New York Stock Exchange. In the following years it acquired or established Tropical Oil Company of Colombia (1920), Standard Oil Company of Venezuela (1921), and Creole Petroleum Company of Venezuela (1928). 1703:

in January 2023 for $ 603 million USD, though the final sale price will be determined based on Esso Thailand's last quarterly earnings. The sale to Bangchak will rebrand all Esso stations in Thailand to Bangchak, and also cede ownership of an oil refinery in

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and partners in 1870 as the Standard Oil Company of Ohio. In 1882, it together with its affiliated companies was incorporated as the Standard Oil Trust with Standard Oil Company of New Jersey and Standard Oil Company of New York as its largest companies. The

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from California, said that the "Treasury Department should reject any waiver from sanctions which would allow ExxonMobil or any other company to resume business with prohibited Russian entities." Three months later, ExxonMobil filed a lawsuit against the

1420:, an online site where the company posts content in support of "smarter regulations" with regard to the oil and gas business and in defense of oil and gas jobs. The site attracted considerable controversy targeted towards both ExxonMobil and PR firm 1645:. The major oil and gas companies, including ExxonMobil, reported sharp rises in interim revenues and profits. When Russia attempted to ban the company from leaving Sakhalin-I in response to the invasion, ExxonMobil launched a lawsuit against the 1317:

awarded ExxonMobil $ 1.6 billion in the case the company had brought against the Venezuelan government. ExxonMobil alleged that the Venezuelan government illegally expropriated its Venezuelan assets in 2007 and paid unfair compensation.

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research in the United States. Jersey Standard assumed this cooperation to be beneficial as it believed the United States oil reserves to be exhausted in the near future and that the coal hydrogenation would give an access for producing

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within the United States, though Mobil is also used in several other countries, and is the dominant brand name for the company worldwide especially when factoring in the numerous auto sponsorships that ExxonMobil has entered for their

725:(which had oil production and refineries in Indonesia) merged their interests in the Far East into a 50–50 joint venture. Standard-Vacuum Oil Co., or "Stanvac", operated in 50 countries, including New Zealand, China, and the region of 268:

in 1937. As the agreement with IG Farben gave to the German company a veto right of licensing chemical industry patents in the United States, including patent for butyl rubber, Jersey Standard was accused of treason by senator

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engines during the early to mid-1980s, and the detergent additives that existed in most available gasolines proved not to be enough to prevent injection clogging, leading to drivability problems, Mobil received accolades from

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on November 30, 1999. As a condition for the Exxon and Mobil merger, the European Commission ordered to dissolve Mobil's partnership with BP, as also to sell its stake in Aral. As a result, BP acquired all fuels assets, two

3444: 1175:. However, in November 2015 the company relinquished its federal research, development and demonstration lease. In 2009, ExxonMobil phased-out coal mining by selling its last operational coal mine in the United States. 4346: 335:

Humble Oil became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Jersey Standard and was reorganized into the United States marketing division of Jersey Standard in 1959. In 1967, Humble Oil purchased all remaining Signal stations from

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firms to block their efforts, the first time the company had taken activist investors to court. Petitioning courts in its home state of Texas to exclude Scope 3 emission proposals, the company released a statement to

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captained by Klaus Schlotz), and all 52 people survived after 86 hours adrift in lifeboats. Socony-Mobil ranked 86th among United States corporations in the value of World War II military production contracts.

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of California in 1936 (which was purchased by Socony-Vacuum in 1940) and later became the Mobilgas Economy Run, and still later the Mobil Economy Run. The cars driven in the economy run were fueled with Mobil

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ExxonMobil, despite earlier sales in shale gas assets, experienced interest in 2023 in expanding its holdings in the Permian Basin. In April of that year, news broke that ExxonMobil was considering acquiring

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In late 1960s Jersey Standard task force was looking for projects 30 years in the future. In April 1973, Exxon founded Solar Power Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary for manufacturing of terrestrial

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that Standard Oil must be dissolved and split into 34 companies, with two of them becoming Standard Oil Company of New Jersey (Jersey Standard for short) and Standard Oil of New York (Socony for short).

5860: 1508:. During a rally in Tucson, Arizona, Trump commented that he would be able to call CEO Darren Woods and obtain a $ 25 million donation from the company in exchange for drilling permits. While the company's 1447:

that drove oil demand sharply down. It would have been one of the biggest corporate mergers in history, and a combined ExxonMobil and Chevron would have been the second biggest oil company in the world.

7403: 4985: 7048: 5828: 1735:. The company further looked into lobbying the Biden administration into providing subsidies towards hydrogen projects under recent climate-related laws passed by Biden, mostly beginning in 2023. 4949: 818:

In 1955, Socony-Vacuum was renamed Socony Mobil Oil Company. In 1963, it changed its trade name from "Mobiloil" to simply "Mobil", introducing a new logo (created by New York graphic design firm

6665: 4942:"Exxon/Mobil Agree to Largest FTC Divestiture Ever in Order to Settle FTC Antitrust Charges; Settlement Requires Extensive Restructuring and Prevents Merger of Significant Competing U.S. Assets" 474:. The venture failed since "the giant oil company failed to fully realize the subtleties of managing small high-tech companies." Exxon announced the closure of the venture at the end of 1984. 4771:"Commission agrees to dissolution of BP/Mobil Joint Venture, a European fuel and lubricants producer and retailer; the dissolution was a condition of the ExxonMobil merger clearance decision" 4664:"Commission agrees to dissolution of BP/Mobil Joint Venture, a European fuel and lubricants producer and retailer; the dissolution was a condition of the ExxonMobil merger clearance decision" 325: 5697: 833:) in which domestic automobiles of various manufacturers in a number of price and size classes were driven by light-footed drivers on cross-country runs. The Economy Run originated with the 1266:, ExxonMobil announces that it will end these joint ventures with Rosneft, but will continue the Sakhalin-I project. The company estimates it would cost about $ 200 million after tax. 714:

to form Socony-Vacuum. Vacuum Oil had used "Mobiloil" automobile lubricating oil brand since 1904, and by 1918 it became recognizable enough that the company filed it for registration as a

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Analysts repeatedly have rapped Exxon for its performance in office systems, saying that the giant oil company failed to fully realize the subtleties of managing small high-tech companies.

2976: 842:, and Mobiloil and lubricants were also used. The vehicles in each class that achieved the highest fuel economy numbers were awarded the coveted title as the Mobilgas Economy Run winner. 3392: 1699:'s first oil discovery in nearly 20 years, and the first on the African continent in 10 years. Adding to its increased focus on the Americas and Africa, ExxonMobil sold Esso Thailand to 6900: 6417: 5077: 3717: 763:

a combination formed for the purpose and with the effect of raising, depressing, fixing, pegging, or stabilizing the price of a commodity in interstate or foreign commerce is illegal

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market was assigned to Standard Oil Company of New York in order to improve trade with the Asian counterparts. In 1898, Standard Oil of New Jersey acquired controlling stake in

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would replace Tillerson as CEO and Chairman. A longtime employee of the company, Woods served as one of ExxonMobil's senior vice presidents immediately prior to his accession.

511:. In 1980, Exxon merged its assets in the mineral industry into newly established Exxon Minerals (later ExxonMobil Coal and Minerals). At the same year, Exxon entered into the 7167: 4343: 895:

In 1954, Mobil introduced a new and improved Mobilgas Special in response to trends toward new automobiles powered by high-compression engines that demanded higher and higher

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Today, ExxonMobil is the largest investor-owned oil and gas company in the world by revenue and market capitalization. The company is frequently included near the top of the

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holdings to subsidiaries of BKV Corporation for $ 750 million, with additional payments based on the price of natural gas. October saw Exxon both finalize plans to sell its

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package included pensions from the company, stock options, a $ 1 million consulting deal, two years of home security, personal security, a car and driver, and use of a

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world's largest energy company while Mobil was the second-largest oil and gas company in the United States. The merger announcement followed shortly after the merge of

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gumming up of carburetors. Later Mobil campaigns advertised Mobilgas as the "New Car Gasoline" following extensive testing during the annual Mobilgas Economy Run.

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The anti-monopoly proceedings against the Standard Oil were launched in 1898. The reputation of Standard Oil in the public eye suffered badly after publication of

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and the stake in Thyssengas was acquired by RWE. The company also divested Exxon's aviation fuel business to BP and Mobil's certain pipeline capacity servicing

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ExxonMobil's Low Carbon Solutions division also began exploring hydrogen-related energy projects in the 2020s, including furthering the development of turning

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Over the next few decades, Jersey Standard grew significantly. John Duston Archbold was the first president of Jersey Standard. Archbold was followed by

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In October 1983, Howard B. Keck stepped down as a director, while still controlling 18.4 percent of the company, saying he wanted to sell his stake in

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for $ 310 million, itself seen as a continuation of the company reducing its refining footprint, and the joint sale of its California oil wells with

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which had a capacity of handling 250 million gallons of petroleum products a year and could transship oil from ocean-going tankers and river barges.

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between the first edition of the list and the year of its merger with Mobil and reaching the #1 spot on the list a few years between 1970 and 1995.

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Exxon's internal report projected that solar would not become viable until 2012 or 2013. Consequently, Exxon sold Solar Power Corporation in 1984.

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In 2014, ExxonMobil had two "non-monetary" asset swap deals with LINN Energy LLC. In these transactions, ExxonMobil gave to LINN interests in the

6273: 5973: 4567: 2968: 1080:. The Federal Trade Commission required to sell 2,431 gas stations in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic (1,740), California (360), Texas (319), and 175: 95: 64: 3388: 2302: 767:..." This rule remains in use today for agreements that appear on their face to always or almost always restrict competition and reduce output. 7218: 1017:) and terminated franchise contracts with the rest of the stations in the area, withdrawing the Mobil brand from the area for 29 years until a 523:, Australia. On May 2, 1982, Exxon announced the termination of the Colony Shale Oil Project because of low oil-prices and increased expenses. 7193: 4846: 4284: 3933: 572:. John Walsh, president of Exxon subsidiary Friendswood Development Company, stated that Exxon left New York because the costs were too high. 507:

In 1976, Exxon, through its subsidiary Intercor, entered into partnership with Colombian state owned company Carbocol to start coal mining in

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To beef up its marketing, Exxon is selling its electronic typewriters through Sears, Roebuck & Company's new business equipment stores.

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to be 33% of their profits. ExxonMobil responded by filing suit against the EU in an attempt to force the bloc to scrap this windfall tax.

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in 1904, leading to a growing outcry for the government to take action against the company. By 1911, with public outcry at a climax, the

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ruled that regardless of the purpose of the price fixing or if the prices varied, such conduct was illegal in and of itself: "Under the

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We are aware of the President’s statement regarding a hypothetical call with our CEO…and just so we’re all clear, it never happened.

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coal mine in Colombia, and copper-mining business in Chile. At the same time, it renewed its interest in oil shale by developing the

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In the Asia-Pacific region, Jersey Standard has established through its Dutch subsidiary an exploration and production company

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was established in the United Kingdom in 1888. In 1890, Standard Oil, together with local ship merchants in Bremen established

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made out of concrete. Mobil credits Beryl A with being the prototype for other concrete-based deepwater oil platforms in the

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was reduced to $ 507.5 million by the US Supreme Court in June 2008, and distributions of this award commenced in 2008.

5639: 4609: 7567: 7293: 7096: 7049:"ExxonMobil makes three new discoveries offshore Guyana, increases Stabroek resource estimate to nearly 11 billion barrels" 5720: 4498: 3567: 3229: 2834: 2691: 1522: 1366: 1133: 560:, to a unit of Mitsui Real Estate Development Co. Ltd. in 1986 for $ 610 million, and in 1989, moved its headquarters from 124:(later: Esso A.G.). In 1891, a sale branch for the Netherlands and Belgium, American Petroleum Company, was established in 7531:

Growth in a Changing Environment: A History of Standard Oil Company (New Jersey) 1950–1972 and Exxon Corporation 1972–1975

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emissions by 63 percent as compared with continued flaring. In 2021 and 2022, an index constructed by researchers at the

7947: 4392: 1819: 1322: 496:, Africa, and Asia. Mobil diversified its activities into retail sale and packaging by acquiring the parent company of 337: 170: 6248:

A 501tax-exempt; Street, charitable organization 1100 13th; NW; Washington, Suite 800; Dc 20005857-0044 (2020-10-20).

4311: 1688:, which had been problematic for the company since a 2015 oil spill; the company took a $ 2 billion loss on the sale. 1668:

ExxonMobil also saw the sales of some of its assets in 2022, in addition to its Irving campus. In May, Exxon sold its

1658:, who claimed that the oil giant was "making more money than God". Analysts speculate that both ExxonMobil and fellow 4388: 4220: 3771: 3194: 3038: 2842: 698: 295:. In 1937, its assets in Bolivia were nationalized, followed by the nationalization of its assets in Mexico in 1938. 120: 6802:"US oil giants Exxon and Chevron are poised to reap $ 100 billion total profit bonanza from Russia's war on Ukraine" 6073: 5099: 4631: 4517: 3497: 1153:

Exxon to produce higher profit crude oil products such as plastic, fertilizer, medication, lubricant, and clothing.

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in 1911, the "Standard Oil Company of New York" (or 'Socony') was founded, along with 33 other successor companies.

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Since 2021, the American oil giant engaged with climate-focused activist investors as part of a trend noted by the

1614: 1558: 1404: 1362: 501: 328:

for oil and gas exploration and production in the Netherlands. In 1948, Jersey Standard acquired interests in the

156:

of Canada. In 1899, Standard Oil Company of New Jersey became the holding company for the Standard Oil Interests.

7850: 6525: 3984: 1673: 1582:

biofuel and carbon capture ventures. Concurrently, the company announced it would be closing its headquarters in

989:

was President of Mobil Corporation until succeeded by Allen E. Murray in 1984. Mobil moved its headquarters from

1276:

In 2012, ExxonMobil confirmed a deal for production and exploration activities in the Kurdistan region of Iraq.

530:

introduced an autofocus SLR camera system named "Maxxum" in the United States. Originally, cameras (such as the

7619: 7143: 6851: 6287: 3746: 3104: 2523: 1573:. In December 2021, ExxonMobil announced it was committing to net-zero Scope I and Scope II emissions from its 8081: 7168:"Exxon Mobil to buy Pioneer Natural for $ 59.5 billion, doubling down on fossil fuels as energy prices surge" 6249: 5104: 4252: 4075: 1574: 1299: 599: 445:

First Exxon logo, launched in 1973. It contained the red and blue colors of the Esso, Enco and Humble brands.

7483: 7432: 6467: 197:

in 1917, who made it the largest oil company in the world. In 1919, Jersey Standard acquired a 50% share in

7890: 7855: 6385: 5324: 4176: 2873:

America's Economic Way of War: War and the US Economy from the Spanish–American War to the Persian Gulf War

1691:

Despite its sales of assets, ExxonMobil's upstream department continued to make significant discoveries in

1452: 1396: 1208:

In 2008, ExxonMobil started to phase-out from the United States direct-served retail market by selling its

1093: 1052: 6028:"The Trump administration has denied ExxonMobil permission to bypass sanctions to drill for oil in Russia" 4411:

Finally, in March 1984, Mobil acquired Superior Oil for $ 5.7 billion in an intra-FRS company transaction.

8212: 8186: 7923: 7752: 1172: 553: 387: 7530: 7450: 7325: 3149: 288:

merge to maintain dominance in the oil industry, though no serious moves were ever made by either side.

8046: 8036: 7981: 7732: 6733:"Oil giants reap record profits as war rages in Ukraine, energy prices soar: Here's how much they made" 5674: 5136: 4276: 2938: 2877: 1965: 1892: 1659: 1630: 1509: 1392: 1334: 1235: 371:

list, Jersey Standard both before and after it rebranded as Exxon was one of the top five companies on

228: 148:

in 1892; however, it reemerged as the Standard Oil Interests. In 1893, the Chinese and the whole Asian

115: 48: 6418:"Exxon Mobil Promises Net-Zero Emissions For The Permian, But It's Unsure Footing On The Climate Path" 1684:

to a German conglomerate. In November, Exxon sold its share in an offshore oil field off the coast of

8061: 7976: 7953: 7860: 5576: 2294: 1725: 1685: 1168: 1101: 1072:

MEGAS and Exxon's 25% stake in the German gas transmission company Thyssengas. MEGAS was acquired by

856:

Former Mobil station in Michigan, displaying several pumps and a Mobil Pegasus sign, pictured in 2008

603: 329: 4485: 4430: 3655: 3441:"AREVA Inc.'s Richland Fuel Manufacturing Facility Celebrates 45 Years of Innovation and Excellence" 2502: 1100:

gas stations. The Benicia Refinery and 340 Exxon-branded stations in California were bought by

8031: 7986: 7560: 6715:""Big Oil is intentionally profiteering from the war": Exxon profits double after Putin's invasion" 6395: 4945: 4836: 3937: 3309: 2773: 1950: 1862: 1550: 1291: 1224: 1022: 998: 783: 516: 430: 6558: 6200: 5453: 2917: 1533:

In January 2021, ExxonMobil started a pilot program with Crusoe Energy Systems to also divert its

1088:

in California, terminal operations in Boston, the Washington, D.C. area and Guam, interest in the

729:, before it was dissolved in 1962. In 1935, Socony Vacuum Oil opened the huge Mammoth Oil Port on 8066: 8056: 7936: 7912: 7523: 7457:

Hidy, Ralph W. “Development of Large-Scale Organization: The Standard Oil Company (New Jersey).”

5330: 5221: 4841: 4701: 4231: 3358: 1970: 1897: 1554: 1409: 819: 6608: 5851:"How to deal with worries about stranded assets, Oil companies need to heed investors' concerns" 4732: 613:

In 1996, Exxon entered into the Russian market by signing a production sharing agreement on the

8137: 8132: 7991: 7784: 4048: 3523:

Giddens, Paul H. (1973). "Historical Origins of the Adoption of the EXXON Name and Trademark".

3278: 3274: 1830:

arguing that shareholders of the company ultimately would be harmed by the flood of proposals.

1200:. Raymond's retirement package was widely criticized as being an example of the increasing the 1161: 598:

was the second largest in U.S. history, and in the aftermath of the Exxon Valdez incident, the

595: 264:

which assist Jersey Standard to advance in isobutolene polymerization and to produce the first

7268: 4869: 3223: 3180: 3067: 3028: 2871: 2828: 2777: 2685: 2646: 2607: 2519:

Encountering Chinese Networks: Western, Japanese, and Chinese Corporations in China, 1880–1937

2429: 2386: 8076: 8041: 7895: 7885: 7870: 6176:"Exxon Mobil replaced by a software stock after 92 years in the Dow is a 'sign of the times'" 4472: 4417: 4010: 3831: 3303: 2517: 1975: 1940: 1902: 1855: 1425: 1325:

contacted ExxonMobil, questioning why (unlike some other companies) they had not yet started

1250:. In 2012, ExxonMobil concluded an agreement with Rosneft to assess possibilities to produce 990: 822:). To celebrate its 100th anniversary in 1966, "Socony" was dropped from the corporate name. 803: 662: 145: 7451:

History of Standard Oil Company (New Jersey) Volume 1: Pioneering in Big Business, 1892–1911

6852:"$ 2,245.62 a second: ExxonMobil scores enormous profit on record gas prices | CNN Business" 6559:"Exxon Mobil's fourth-quarter profit tops estimates as oil and gas prices soar; shares rise" 5163: 5038: 4197: 3349: 3266: 3123: 2564: 1283:-based utility and power storage firm, Castle Peak Co Ltd, for a total of $ 3.4 billion, to 798: 7999: 7840: 7742: 7686: 6230: 5612: 5607: 5370: 5260: 4981: 4976: 4810: 4805: 4741: 1935: 1716: 1700: 1677: 1646: 1010: 1002: 972: 965: 869: 862: 850: 587: 426: 257: 249: 6288:"Exxon Mobil, after Trump's fundraising remarks, says its CEO and Trump had no phone call" 1770:. The first and so far only major loss that ExxonMobil took was in 2021, where hedge fund 1528: 8: 8207: 8176: 8004: 7804: 7794: 7553: 7467:

Larson, Henrietta M. "Contours of Change: Standard Oil Company (New Jersey), 1882-1950."

5459: 4774: 4667: 4355: 4224: 2118: 2113: 2073: 1990: 1783: 1779: 1712: 1662: 1638: 1440: 1128:

In the late 1990s and early 2000s, ExxonMobil has received a lot of criticism along with

1059: 986: 834: 531: 345: 285: 110: 52: 6690:"ExxonMobil Planning Hydrogen Production, Carbon Capture and Storage at Baytown Complex" 5374: 4770: 4663: 4466:

In time, Superior became the largest independent oil producing company in North America.

4381: 3069:

Ideas and Movements that Shaped America: From the Bill of Rights to "Occupy Wall Street"

1538: 8158: 8142: 8051: 7880: 7747: 7691: 7441:

Giddens, Paul H. "Historical Origins of the Adoption of the EXXON Name and Trademark."

6666:"ExxonMobil to discontinue operations at Sakhalin-1, make no new investments in Russia" 5946: 5888: 5254: 4636: 4323: 3548: 3540: 3154: 2490: 1955: 1872: 1807: 1705: 1255: 756: 711: 683: 557: 512: 459: 362: 281: 236: 75: 60: 40: 6226: 5131: 3800: 2251: 634: 8071: 7809: 7789: 7701: 7433:

History of Standard Oil Company (New Jersey) Volume 2: The Resurgent Years, 1911–1927

7358: 7301: 7192:

Valle, Sabrina; Somasekhar, Arathy; Valle, Sabrina; Somasekhar, Arathy (2023-10-11).

6616: 6533: 6475: 6267: 5417: 5398: 5196: 5007: 4911: 4879: 4060: 4016: 3837: 3663: 3552: 3313: 3282: 3267: 3233: 3190: 3073: 3034: 2881: 2838: 2781: 2766: 2746: 2736: 2695: 2652: 2613: 2574: 2527: 2476: 2439: 2396: 2355: 2324: 2295:"A Guide to the ExxonMobil Historical Collection, 1790–2004: Part 1. Historical Note" 2101: 2085: 2061: 2047: 1985: 1907: 1739: 1444: 1384: 1295: 1145: 1097: 1089: 826: 703: 649: 407: 383: 321: 7194:"Exxon secures lead in top US oilfield with $ 60 billion buy of shale rival Pioneer" 5359:"Rosneft's offshore partnerships: the re-opening of the Russian petroleum frontier?" 5357:

Overland, Indra; Godzimirski, Jakub; Lunden, Lars Petter; Fjaertoft, Daniel (2013).

4695: 1755: 8127: 8106: 8012: 7845: 7814: 7722: 7478: 5388: 5378: 5265: 3901:

Heat Conduction Modeling Tools for Screening In Situ Oil Shale Conversion Processes

3532: 2648:

The Turning Wheel – The story of General Motors through twenty-five years 1908–1933

2560: 2106: 2090: 2068: 2052: 1995: 1945: 1912: 1867: 1732: 1634: 1542: 1149: 1085: 811: 653: 607: 594:

and spilled more than 11 million US gallons (42,000 m) of crude oil. The

535: 478: 418: 358:

Exxon Chemical Company (originally named Enjay Chemicals) was established in 1965.

341: 253: 194: 67:, ExxonMobil is seen by some as the definitive continuation of Standard Oil today. 4191: 3962: 7865: 6827:"ExxonMobil posts another record profit as oil prices remain high | CNN Business" 6060: 4599: 4522: 4505: 4350: 4318: 4055: 3111: 2732: 2570: 1877: 1803: 1534: 1270: 1259: 1209: 1077: 667: 497: 485: 270: 261: 245: 6314:"Exxon is mining bitcoin in North Dakota as part of its plan to slash emissions" 5418:"Financial Sanctions Impact Russian Oil, Equipment Export Ban's Effects Limited" 2179: 397: 7779: 7774: 7681: 6359: 5816: 5523: 1980: 1622: 1610: 1501:

Also in October 2020, ExxonMobil gained attention for its lack of donations to

1432:

Oman. The U.S. Navy's investigation has led to reasonable suspicion to believe

1421: 1342: 1303: 956: 951: 618: 493: 411: 391: 241: 224: 220: 160: 7484:

History of Standard Oil Company (New Jersey) Volume 3: New Horizons, 1927–1950

7472: 7404:"Exxon, Chevron investors vote down all climate-related shareholder proposals" 5668: 5383: 5358: 4632:"Exxon and Mobil Announce $ 80 Billion Deal to Create World's Largest Company" 3415:"T.V.A. v. Exxon Nuclear Co., INC. Memorandum by Chief Judge Robert L. Taylor" 1738:

The company's shift of strategy towards the Americas led to a 2024 pullout of

1463:

company's workforce, which was estimated at nearly 75,000 by the end of 2019.

309:

Since the 1911 Standard Oil Trust breakup, Jersey Standard used the trademark

256:(unfinished). The interest in hydrogenation evaporated after discovery of the 8201: 8096: 7819: 7382: 7362: 7305: 7294:"Exxon plan for Guyana oil exploration risks raising tensions with Venezuela" 7121: 6901:"Exxon made more money than god, says Biden, criticises high gasoline prices" 6620: 6537: 6479: 5998:"ExxonMobil and Iran did business under Secretary of State nominee Tillerson" 5855: 5789: 5402: 5200: 3667: 2750: 2159: 2015: 1960: 1922: 1882: 1795: 1791: 1669: 1626: 1595: 1583: 1230:

In 2011, ExxonMobil started a strategic cooperation with Russian oil company

1192: 1117: 994: 912: 896: 873: 807: 745: 730: 569: 519:

in Colorado, United States, and 50% stake in the Rundle oil shale deposit in

481:

uranium ore processing facility which was shortly afterwards decommissioned.

451: 349: 6950:"Exxon faces $ 2 billion loss on sale of troubled California oil properties" 4871:

Synthetics, Mineral Oils, and Bio-Based Lubricants: Chemistry and Technology

4734:

BP acquires Veba Oel and Aral. Post-Merger Integration and Corporate Culture

488:, Exxon and Mobil began to expand their exploration and production into the 8101: 8091: 7824: 7696: 7640: 7243:"An Inside Look at Exxon's White House Push to Subsidize Hydrogen From Gas" 6123:

Matthews, Christopher M.; Glazer, Emily; Lombardo, Cara (31 January 2021).

5692: 2020: 1927: 1887: 1811: 1771: 1549:(which it expanded the following July), and that Crusoe has stated reduces 1546: 1537:

into generators producing electricity to power shipping containers full of

1502: 1373: 1369: 1284: 1243: 1197: 940: 830: 771: 687: 643: 576: 314: 265: 153: 106: 91: 79: 56: 6250:"Trump has oil industry support, but Exxon isn't bankrolling his campaign" 5008:"Anglo American to Buy Copper Mines In Chile From Exxon for $ 1.3 Billion" 3617: 59:, the company traces its roots as far back as 1866 to the founding of the 7799: 7676: 7000:"Exxon selling Montana oil refinery to Par Pacific in $ 310 million deal" 6390: 5393: 2010: 2000: 1917: 1642: 1617:, ExxonMobil announced it was severing all ties with Russia, exiting the 1570: 1400: 1338: 1333:, given that much may have to remain in the ground to comply with future 1330: 1213: 1121: 1073: 1055:

because it reunited the two largest companies of the Standard Oil trust.

1048: 961: 760: 726: 671: 565: 372: 368: 71: 47:, has had one of the longest histories of any company in its industry. A 4693:

Wilke, John R.; Barrionuevo, Alexei; Liesman, Steve (December 1, 1999).

4451: 3269:

Chasing the Sun: Solar Adventures Around the World. Working Paper 12–105

1512:

donated to Trump's inauguration previously and regularly donates to the

1157: 508: 231:. In 1927, Jersey Standard signed a 25-years cooperation agreement with 8086: 7875: 7727: 7706: 7576: 7506: 6609:"Exxon Mobil says it plans to leave its last remaining Russian project" 6337:"Bitcoin's wild ride renews worries about its massive carbon footprint" 3544: 3186: 2435: 2392: 1618: 1529:

Rising tensions with Russia, record profits, and restructurings (2021–)

1456: 1326: 1307: 1220: 1201: 1006: 932: 904: 736: 614: 583: 579: 520: 463: 198: 36: 7491:

McGee, John S. "Predatory price cutting: the Standard Oil (NJ) case."

7462: 7097:"Bangchak to buy ExxonMobil's Esso Thailand stake for about $ 603 mln" 6500:"Exxon announces cost-cutting restructure, plans to move headquarters" 4696:"Exxon-Mobil Merger Gets Approval; FTC May Be Tougher on Future Deals" 2428:

Krabbendam, Hans; van Minnen, Cornelis A.; Scott-Smith, Giles (2009).

2203: 907:

commercial flight using its aviation fuel. The flight was operated by

355:

In Libya, Jersey Standard made its first major oil discovery in 1959.

7624: 5884:"Exxon Concedes It May Need to Declare Lower Value for Oil in Ground" 5688:"'Shell knew': oil giant's 1991 film warned of climate change danger" 4875: 1751: 1681: 1655: 1606: 1562: 1518: 1280: 1279:

In November 2013, ExxonMobil agreed to sell its majority stakes in a

1251: 1247: 1137: 944: 715: 561: 545:

In 1986, Exxon Nuclear was sold to Kraftwerk Union, a nuclear arm of

489: 422: 232: 209: 125: 7520:

The Seven Sisters: The Great Oil Companies And The World They Shaped

5189:"Exxon Chairman Got Retirement Package Worth at Least $ 398 Million" 3536: 3124:"A Guide to the ExxonMobil Historical Collection, 1790–2004: Part 1" 1838: 1758:, risking further escalation of tensions between the two countries. 1379:

One of the first events under Woods' tenure was the revelation that

1001:, in 1987. That same year, Mobil sold nearly all of its stations in 744:

In 1940, Socony-Vacuum's gasoline buying practices led to the major

7654: 4604: 1827: 1787: 1380: 1239: 1068: 1018: 884: 839: 149: 29: 6584:"Exxon unveils sweeping restructuring in latest cost cutting move" 6054:

Exxon Mobil Sues U.S. Over Penalty For Post-Sanctions Russian Deal

5749: 5356: 4244: 2227: 2145: 1183: 1096:, Exxon's jet turbine oil business, and give-up the option to buy 939:

The year 1975 saw Mobil Oil construct Beryl A, the first offshore

7612: 7540:

American Petroleum Industry: the Age of Energy 1899–1959. Vol. 2.

7219:"Exxon to Buy Pioneer in $ 60 Billion Deal to Create Shale Giant" 6442:"Exxon pledges net-zero carbon emissions from operations by 2050" 6247: 6234: 5226: 2155: 1775: 1742:

and the continuance of company exploration in waters offshore of

1591: 1475: 1273:

development in Australia, but withdrew from the project in 2014.

1231: 666:, scripted by William Ford Manley and featuring Arthur Allen and 546: 527: 303: 274: 216:. It had oil production and refineries but no marketing network. 213: 183: 7351:"Exxon's Board Defeat Signals the Rise of Social-Good Activists" 6751:"Exxon Takes Legal Action After Putin Blocks Final Russian Exit" 4076:"Supreme Court slashes punitive award in Exxon Valdez oil spill" 4012:

Nuclear Waste in Your Backyard: Who's to Blame and How to Fix It

1665:

will earn over $ 100 billion in profit each by the end of 2022.

7737: 5685: 2427: 1815: 1747: 1696: 1692: 1609:'s decisions to exit the Russian market amid Russian president 1587: 1433: 1141: 916: 908: 779: 591: 390:. In April 1980, Exxon opened a 250-ton-per-day pilot plant in 133: 7191: 7122:"Energy giant ExxonMobil sues EU to block energy windfall tax" 6468:"Exxon Sets a 2050 Goal for Net Zero Greenhouse Gas Emissions" 6386:"Crypto crash 'will not affect Bitcoin mining's climate cost'" 2180:"Standard Oil | History, Monopoly, & Breakup | Britannica" 542:, but the parties agreed to dismiss the suit in October 2015. 7607: 7545: 7073:"Exxon Mobil Makes First Oil Discovery In Angola In 20 Years" 5815: 2140: 1799: 1356: 1044: 980: 922: 722: 652:

was head of the company until 1923, when he was succeeded by

471: 441: 82:

in market capitalization among all the world's energy firms.

44: 7501:

Olien, Diana Davids, and Roger M. Olien. “Why Big Bad Oil?”

7024:"Exxon strikes oil again in Guyana with two new discoveries" 5577:"Exxon to sell Hong Kong power operations for $ 3.4 billion" 4801:"Exxon-Mobil merger wins approval in EU, awaits US decision" 3389:"Exxon Predicted Today's Cheap Solar Boom Back in the 1980s" 660:, Socony Oil reached radio listeners with a comedy program, 7931:

Exxon Corp. v Exxon Insurance Consultants International Ltd

7597: 7144:"Shale Firms Jump on Report of Exxon's Interest in Pioneer" 6925:"ExxonMobil to sell Barnett Shale assets for $ 750 million" 6899:

Bloomberg, Jordan Fabian and Josh Wingrove | (2022-06-11).

6125:"WSJ News Exclusive | Exxon, Chevron CEOs Discussed Merger" 6063:". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL). July 20, 2017. 5942:"Rex Tillerson, Exxon C.E.O., Chosen as Secretary of State" 5916:"After 78 Years, Exxon Asks Court To Use 'Esso' Name Again" 5486:

Scheyder, Ernest; Soldatkin, Vladimir (February 28, 2018).

1621:

project (which it had been involved with since 2001 though

1081: 455: 310: 5603:"ExxonMobil, Linn to make second asset exchange this year" 5488:"Exxon quits some Russian joint ventures citing sanctions" 5454:"ExxonMobil abandons joint ventures with Russia's Rosneft" 4064:. Friday October 27, 1989. A1. Retrieved on July 29, 2009. 3027:

Tjemkes, Brian; VosBurgers, Pepijn; Burgers, Koen (2013).

1315:

International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes

1264:

international sanctions imposed against Russia and Rosneft

883:

Through the years, Mobil was among the largest sellers of

556:(1251 Avenue of the Americas), its former headquarters in 7918:

Accusations of ExxonMobil human rights violations in Aceh

6363: 5756: 5750:

Aruna Viswanatha and Bradley Olson (September 20, 2016).

5640:"The World Bank ruling on the Exxon Mobil Venezuela case" 5519:"ExxonMobil pulls out of Victorian coal-seam gas venture" 4915: 3689:"Exxon Closes Plant and Lays Off 1,100 in Office Company" 3351:"Power from Sunshine": A Business History of Solar Energy 2228:"Companies ranked by Market Cap - CompaniesMarketCap.com" 1566: 1561:

during the course of the year than the entire nations of

950:

As automakers were switching en masse from carbureted to

675: 657: 539: 3026: 1761: 674:. Socony continued to sponsor the show when it moved to 291:

In 1932, Jersey Standard acquired foreign assets of the

5821:"A New Debate Over Pricing the Risks of Climate Change" 5686:

Damian Carrington; Jelmer Mommers (February 28, 2017).

5574: 4692: 3985:"Fox, ExxonMobil Hit Brakes on "FXX" Trademark Dispute" 3934:"Minolta Maxxum camera with original crossed 'XX' logo" 1602: 1395:

denied a request from ExxonMobil to allow it to resume

1350: 1223:, the company focused on development and production of 1129: 1040: 1014: 624: 429:. The company started surface mining of uranium ore in 6122: 5721:"S.E.C. Is Latest to Look Into Exxon Mobil's Workings" 3907:. 28th Oil Shale Symposium. Colorado School of Mines. 983:

gold mine it had acquired when it purchased Superior.

7602: 7383:"ExxonMobil sues investors to block climate petition" 6974:"Big Oil leaving California, selling off leaky wells" 5322:

Ordonez, Isabel; Stilwell, Victoria (June 15, 2012).

5070:"ExxonMobil Takes Step Forward on Colorado Oil Shale" 4382:"Performance Profiles of Major Energy Producers 1998" 4228:

The Weapons Acquisition Process: An Economic Analysis

3959:"Minolta Maxxum camera with modified double 'X' logo" 2768:

Mercantile States and the World Oil Cartel, 1900–1939

2687:

The German Chemical Industry in the Twentieth Century

2431:

Four Centuries of Dutch-American Relations: 1609–2009

1058:

The merger was approved in the European Union by the

7960:

People of the State of New York v. Exxon Mobil Corp.

6360:"Bitcoin consumes 'more electricity than Argentina'" 6151:"Exxon Mobil Exits: The Dow Drops Its Oldest Member" 6074:"Exxon's Secret Assist From the World's Top PR Firm" 774:, April 29, 1942, Socony's unescorted tanker, named 417:

In the late 1960s, Jersey Standard entered into the

340:(today known as Chevron) In 1969, Humble Oil opened 273:. In 1941, it opened the first commercial synthetic 6777:"ExxonMobil (XOM) Q3 2022 Earnings Call Transcript" 6642:"Exxon to exit Russia, suspend further investments" 3305:

From Space to Earth: The Story of Solar Electricity

3066:Green, Michael S.; Stabler, Scott L., eds. (2015). 2473:

Financial Times Oil and Gas International Year Book

2134: 2030: 1178: 1171:approved their research and development project in 7513:Standard Oil Company (New Jersey) in World War II. 5670:Shell Oil's Stark Climate Change Warning from 1991 5452: 5325:"Exxon Expands Rosneft Alliance to Siberian Shale" 5323: 5253: 4694: 3618:"Exxon Mobil – Logo in EPS, PNG & JPG Formats" 2765: 2609:The United States in Asia: A Historical Dictionary 2350: 2348: 2346: 1590:, and moving to its recently opened campus in the 1144:, for increasing oil production facilities in the 868:Old Mobilgas pump displayed on the grounds of the 6876:"ExxonMobil announces third-quarter 2022 results" 6099:"Rocket hits ExxonMobil, other oil firms in Iraq" 5510: 5485: 5415: 3744: 2931: 2289: 2287: 2285: 2283: 2281: 2279: 2277: 2275: 2273: 2271: 1839:Exxon and ExxonMobil (Standard Oil of New Jersey) 1774:ousted three ExxonMobil directors, namely former 1708:and select distribution facilities to Bangchak. 1399:. Trump's denial was supported US Representative 1361:On December 13, 2016, Tillerson was nominated as 638:Socony gas station and store in Connecticut, 1916 8199: 6218: 5092: 4344:"Mobil Agrees To Buy Superior For $ 5.7 Billion" 3568:"Raymond Loewy: the man who designed everything" 1746:, which is currently disputed territory between 1451:In August 2020, Exxonmobil was removed from the 466:brands in the United States on January 1, 1973. 436: 5881: 5718: 5575:Denny Thomas; Charlie Zhu (November 19, 2013). 5321: 5164:"Oil: Exxon Chairman's $ 400 Million Parachute" 4526:, February 22, 1985, United Press International 3443:(Press release). Areva, Inc. October 30, 2015. 3380: 3174: 3172: 2729:Synthetic Rubber: A Project that Had to Succeed 2566:Historical Dictionary of the Petroleum Industry 2343: 394:. The plant was closed and dismantled in 1982. 176:Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States 144:The Standard Oil Trust was dissolved under the 96:Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States 5479: 5061: 5030: 4972:"Valero acquires California refinery, outlets" 2962: 2960: 2388:The Oxford Handbook of Cities in World History 2268: 1107: 1084:(12). In addition, ExxonMobil should sell its 903:In 1958, Mobil fueled the first transatlantic 802:The Mobil Economy Run generated publicity and 382:from coal. In 1966, it started to develop the 206:Nederlandsche Koloniale Petroleum Maatschappij 188: 184:Standard Oil Company of New Jersey (1911–1999) 7561: 7481:, Evelyn H. Knowlton, and Charles S. Popple. 7269:"Exxon Mobil plans to exit Equatorial Guinea" 4529: 4369:"Ex-Chairman Offering His Superior Oil Stock" 4339: 4337: 4335: 4333: 4209:Popular Science 1935 plane Popular Mechanics. 4161:"Business & Finance: Socony-Vacuum Corp." 4107:"Exxon Valdez victims finally getting payout" 4049:Exxon moving corporate headquarters to Dallas 3490: 3347: 3258: 2808:"Butyl Rubber: A Techno-commercial Profile". 1578:leading to criticism from environmentalists. 1341:has expressed concerns about the industry's " 128:. At the same year, a sale branch for Italy, 7538:Williamson, Harold F. & Daum, Arnold R. 6774: 5782: 4594: 4592: 3407: 3178: 3169: 3065: 2726: 2555: 2553: 2551: 2549: 2547: 2545: 2543: 1794:, replacing them with Engine No. 1 nominees 1298:gas fields in the exchange of assets in the 1028: 693: 293:Pan American Petroleum and Transport Company 121:Deutsch-Amerikanische Petroleum Gesellschaft 28: 6272:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 5416:Fjaertoft, Daniel; Overland, Indra (2015). 4568:"Toledo Blade - Google News Archive Search" 3829: 3795: 3793: 3433: 3150:"Fortune 500: 1998 Archive Full List 1-100" 2957: 2612:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 464. 1156:In 2002, the company sold its stake in the 85: 7568: 7554: 7469:Nebraska Journal of Economics and Business 7445:, (vol. 47, no. 3, Autumn, 1973): 353-366. 6947: 6224: 5990: 5637: 5595: 5100:"ExxonMobil again retreats from oil shale" 4450:. W. M. Keck Foundation: 9. Archived from 4330: 3348:Jones, Geoffrey; Bouamane, Loubna (2012). 1439:ExxonMobil considered a merger with rival 1424:for their activities described by many as 1357:Early years under Darren Woods (2017–2020) 1212:. The usage of Exxon and Mobil brands was 1025:, started selling Mobil gasoline in 2016. 284:, some suggested that Jersey Standard and 139: 8218:History of companies of the United States 6898: 6198: 6148: 5450: 5444: 5392: 5382: 5315: 5246: 5124: 5000: 4964: 4934: 4904: 4829: 4793: 4726: 4724: 4686: 4624: 4589: 4307: 4305: 4303: 4301: 4189: 4123: 3897: 3891: 3772:"ExxonMobil Corporation (State of Texas)" 3764: 3593:"ExxonMobil Debuts Synergy Fuel, Imaging" 3459: 3225:Riegel's Handbook of Industrial Chemistry 2559: 2540: 2421: 2299:Dolph Briscoe Center for American History 1187:The current Exxon logo, in use since 2014 606:. An initial award of US$ 5 billion 105:Both Exxon and Mobil were descendants of 7515:Standard Oil Company (New Jersey), 1952. 7348: 6775:Transcribing, Motley Fool (2022-10-28). 6523: 6358:Criddle, Christina (February 10, 2021). 6201:"ExxonMobil to axe 1,600 jobs in Europe" 5974:"Chairman & Chief Executive Officer" 5819:; Clifford Krauss (September 20, 2016). 5516: 5451:Foy, Henry; Crooks, Ed (March 1, 2018). 5222:"Exxon to exit U.S. retail gas business" 4763: 4656: 4538:"Exxon Mobil campus 'clearly happening'" 4518:"Mobil Plans To Sell Gold Mine In Idaho" 4129: 4008: 4002: 3790: 3745:Jean-Louis Gassée (September 16, 2018). 3343: 3341: 3264: 2727:Herbert, Vernon; Bisio, Attilio (1985). 2144: 1559:bitcoin mining consumed more electricity 1514:National Republican Senatorial Committee 1182: 1111: 921: 797: 735: 697: 633: 440: 396: 297: 7430:Gibb, George S.and Evelyn H. Knowlton. 6849: 6824: 6556: 6526:"Exxon to Move Headquarters to Houston" 6524:Matthews, Christopher M. (2022-01-31). 6357: 6311: 6173: 5831:from the original on September 26, 2016 5797:from the original on September 22, 2016 5764:from the original on September 27, 2016 5731:from the original on September 26, 2016 5556:from the original on September 21, 2018 5546:"Exxon Confirms Deals With Iraqi Kurds" 5186: 4867: 4861: 4132:"Exxon Moves On Sakhalin Oilfield Deal" 4073: 3718:"Exxon to Quit Office-Systems Business" 3686: 3522: 3020: 2869: 2863: 2720: 2515: 2509: 2470: 2464: 2162:. Mobil's logo has remained unchanged. 1768:U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission 1443:in 2020 during the early stages of the 1013:(which had just been fully acquired by 14: 8200: 7291: 6606: 6465: 5954:from the original on November 22, 2018 5922:from the original on December 16, 2018 5896:from the original on December 13, 2016 5719:Clifford Krauss (September 20, 2016). 5303:from the original on February 20, 2012 4837:"Exxon Mobil to sell Mobil Europe Gas" 4730: 4721: 4548:from the original on 16 September 2010 4535: 4298: 4104: 3879:from the original on September 9, 2011 3833:Exxon and the Crandon Mine Controversy 3823: 3811:from the original on December 25, 2015 3778:from the original on September 6, 2015 3653: 3504:from the original on September 6, 2015 3465: 3447:from the original on November 22, 2015 3386: 3301: 3295: 3182:Managing Coal: A Challenge in Adaption 2996: 2994: 2967:Smith, William D. (October 25, 1972). 2826: 2820: 2763: 2757: 2605: 2599: 1064:United States Federal Trade Commission 825:From 1936 to 1968, Mobil sponsored an 751:United States v. Socony-Vacuum Oil Co. 244:. It erected synthetic fuel plants in 7942:ExxonMobil climate change controversy 7549: 6639: 6581: 6334: 6312:Sigalos, MacKenzie (March 26, 2022). 5918:. CSP Daily News. December 21, 2015. 5863:from the original on December 5, 2016 5650:from the original on October 15, 2014 5638:Chamberlin, Alex (October 14, 2014). 5619:from the original on January 13, 2017 5583:from the original on October 15, 2015 5338:from the original on January 30, 2016 5290: 5272:from the original on January 12, 2012 5234:from the original on November 1, 2012 5219: 5213: 5132:"ExxonMobil sells Monterey coal mine" 5080:from the original on January 14, 2016 5067: 5018:from the original on January 26, 2016 4952:from the original on February 1, 2016 4922:from the original on February 2, 2016 4849:from the original on January 13, 2017 4817:from the original on January 13, 2017 4709:from the original on January 30, 2016 4674:from the original on January 31, 2016 4612:from the original on February 3, 2016 4536:Dawson, Jennifer (January 15, 2010). 4271: 4269: 4086:from the original on January 13, 2017 3867: 3865: 3715: 3565: 3421:from the original on January 26, 2017 3395:from the original on January 28, 2016 3338: 3246:from the original on February 8, 2017 3230:Springer Science & Business Media 3203:from the original on February 8, 2017 3059: 3047:from the original on February 9, 2017 3004:. CSP Daily News. February 16, 2016. 2979:from the original on January 11, 2019 2966: 2945:from the original on December 2, 2014 2851:from the original on February 9, 2017 2835:Springer Science & Business Media 2801: 2692:Springer Science & Business Media 2683: 2677: 2644: 2638: 2384: 2366:from the original on December 2, 2015 1762:Relationships with activist investors 1654:prices, especially from US President 1455:and replaced by software corporation 1033: 629: 401:Humble gas station in the early 1970s 227:-related patents and established the 8182: 7448:Hidy, Ralph W., and Muriel E. Hidy. 7266: 6997: 6383: 6199:McCormick, Myles (October 5, 2020). 6008:from the original on January 9, 2017 5882:Clifford Krauss (October 28, 2016). 5517:Chambers, Matt (December 17, 2014). 5255:"ExxonMobil and XTO complete merger" 5036: 4874:(2, illustrated, revised ed.). 4499:"Mobile completes Superior Takeover" 4371:, Thomas J. Lueck, November 22, 1983 4312:"Superior Oil Gets Offer From Mobil" 4190:Magazines, Hearst (1 October 1935). 4166:1931-08-10, retrieved on 2009-12-10. 3687:Pollack, Andrew (December 2, 1981). 3221: 3215: 3008:from the original on August 30, 2018 2378: 2331:from the original on January 3, 2016 2317: 2305:from the original on January 9, 2014 1467: 1383:, a joint venture of ExxonMobil and 1134:China National Petroleum Corporation 793: 625:Standard Oil of New York (1911–1999) 326:Nederlandse Aardolie Maatschappij BV 212:and in 1927, it built a refinery in 130:Società Italo Americana pel Petrolio 7216: 6575: 5785:"Just Another Cloud In Exxon's Sky" 5783:Liam Denning (September 21, 2016). 5700:from the original on April 24, 2017 5293:"ExxonMobil signs Russian oil pact" 5049:from the original on March 10, 2016 4492: 3914:from the original on March 27, 2016 3631: 3130:. The University of Texas at Austin 3128:Briscoe Center for American History 2991: 2894:from the original on April 26, 2016 1349:the Esso name had been acquired by 926:Mobil's logo in use since the 1960s 806:such as this 1962 advertisement by 166:The History of the Standard Oil Co. 24: 7948:Kivalina v. ExxonMobil Corporation 7424: 7217:Morenne, Collin Eaton and Benoît. 6415: 6034:from the original on June 12, 2018 5498:from the original on March 2, 2018 5467:from the original on March 3, 2018 5432:from the original on June 13, 2018 5144:from the original on March 4, 2016 5112:from the original on April 1, 2016 4781:from the original on June 23, 2017 4751:from the original on March 4, 2016 4644:from the original on March 7, 2017 4393:United States Department of Energy 4362: 4266: 4142:from the original on March 3, 2018 4029:from the original on June 24, 2016 4015:. Archway Publishing. p. 93. 3862: 3478:from the original on March 7, 2016 3468:"Exxon Plans Sale Of Nuclear Unit" 3466:Roston, Eric (December 24, 1986). 3368:from the original on March 4, 2016 2969:"And Now the Esso Name Is History" 2452:from the original on June 17, 2016 1733:hydrogen into gasoline substitutes 1372:. ExxonMobil later announced that 1323:Securities and Exchange Commission 1062:on September 29, 1999, and by the 656:. Beginning February 29, 1928, on 338:Standard Oil Company of California 208:in 1912. In 1922, it found oil in 171:Supreme Court of the United States 25: 8229: 7937:Longford, Victoria gas plant fire 6799: 4988:from the original on June 4, 2016 4600:"Oil merger faces monopoly probe" 4389:Energy Information Administration 4047:Pearson, Anne and Ralph Bivins. " 3850:from the original on May 15, 2016 3801:"Carbones del Cerrejón, Colombia" 3774:. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. 3716:Potts, Mark (November 28, 1984). 3500:. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. 3387:Roston, Eric (November 4, 2015). 3326:from the original on May 22, 2016 2708:from the original on May 11, 2016 2665:from the original on June 3, 2016 2626:from the original on May 14, 2016 2587:from the original on May 19, 2016 2409:from the original on June 3, 2016 1525:more than they donated to Trump. 1167:extraction process. In 2014, the 8181: 8172: 8171: 7653: 7396: 7375: 7342: 7318: 7285: 7260: 7235: 7210: 7185: 7160: 7136: 7114: 7089: 7065: 7041: 7016: 6991: 6966: 6941: 6917: 6892: 6868: 6843: 6818: 6793: 6768: 6743: 6725: 6707: 6682: 6658: 6633: 6600: 6550: 6517: 6492: 6459: 6434: 6409: 6377: 6351: 6335:Brown, Ryan (February 5, 2021). 6328: 6305: 6280: 6241: 6225:ExxonMobil (October 19, 2020). 6192: 6167: 6149:Domonoske, Camila (2020-08-25). 6142: 6116: 6091: 6066: 6046: 6020: 5966: 5934: 5908: 5875: 5843: 5809: 5776: 5743: 5712: 5679: 5662: 5631: 5568: 5538: 5409: 5350: 5220:Erman, Michael (June 12, 2008). 4892:from the original on May 4, 2016 4868:Rudnick, Leslie R., ed. (2013). 4813:. October 25, 1999. p. 24. 4130:Sapulkas, Agis (June 11, 1996). 4074:Bolstad, Erika (June 25, 2008). 3836:. Badger Books Inc. p. 37. 3638:Jersey Standard Takes Giant Step 3566:Savov, Vlad (November 5, 2013). 3417:. Leagle, Inc. August 22, 1983. 3179:Chakravarthy, Balaji S. (1981). 3086:from the original on May 3, 2016 2816:(12): 207–211. November 3, 2009. 2764:Nowell, Gregory Patrick (1994). 2651:. Edizioni Savine. p. 360. 2135:Present usage of Exxon and Mobil 2031:Mobil (Standard Oil of New York) 1474: 1179:Rex Tillerson as CEO (2006–2016) 861: 849: 678:in 1934. In 1935, it became the 502:Container Corporation of America 6948:Mcwilliams, Gary (2022-11-06). 6607:Krauss, Clifford (2022-03-02). 6466:Krauss, Clifford (2022-01-18). 5291:Klein, Ezra (August 30, 2011). 5284: 5180: 5156: 5037:Webb, Dennis (March 11, 2014). 4578:from the original on 2021-01-09 4560: 4511: 4437: 4402:from the original on 2009-03-13 4374: 4287:from the original on 2021-12-07 4255:from the original on 2014-05-29 4237: 4214: 4183: 4169: 4154: 4098: 4067: 4041: 3977: 3951: 3926: 3738: 3709: 3680: 3647: 3610: 3585: 3559: 3516: 3142: 3116: 3098: 3033:. Routledge. pp. 217–218. 2906: 770:During American involvement in 7575: 5068:Peixe, Joao (March 18, 2014). 4207:– via Internet Archive. 3898:Symington, William A. (2008). 3002:"The Return of Esso Gasoline?" 2524:University of California Press 2244: 2220: 2196: 2172: 1436:'s connection to the attacks. 1269:In 2012, ExxonMobil started a 936:could lead to costly repairs. 280:Upon the merger of Socony and 13: 1: 8082:Sable Offshore Energy Project 7349:Phillips, Matt (2021-06-09). 6850:Isidore, Chris (2022-07-29). 6825:Isidore, Chris (2022-10-28). 6640:Valle, Sabrina (2022-03-02). 6582:Valle, Sabrina (2022-02-01). 6557:Stevens, Pippa (2022-02-01). 6384:Webb, Samuel (May 19, 2022). 6174:Stevens, Pippa (2020-08-25). 4980:. Vol. 98, no. 11. 4809:. Vol. 97, no. 43. 4508:, September 28, 1984, UPI.com 4395:. January 2000: 39, note 27. 3030:Strategic Alliance Management 2573:. pp. 186–189, 472–474. 2165: 1833: 718:(it was registered in 1920). 702:Socony petrol station in the 515:by buying a 60% stake in the 437:Exxon Corporation (1973–1999) 348:, of which today is owned by 320:In 1947, Jersey Standard and 219:In 1924, Jersey Standard and 199:Humble Oil & Refining Co. 7891:Trans-Alaska Pipeline System 7493:Journal of Law and Economics 7454:. Harper and Brothers, 1955. 7436:. Harper and Brothers, 1956. 7326:"Exxon Mobil One Year Later" 7267:Rani, Archana (2024-02-09). 4196:. Hearst Magazines. p. 4009:Ferguson, Robert L. (2014). 2916:. 2008-11-22. Archived from 2914:"Socony-Vacuum Corp. - TIME" 2097:Charles E. Arnott, 1931–1935 1601:On March 1, 2022, following 1453:Dow Jones Industrial Average 1416:In 2018, ExxonMobil created 1094:Trans-Alaska Pipeline System 911:, and the flight flies from 710:In 1931, Socony merged with 477:In 1973, Exxon acquired the 302:A 1961 Enco fuel station in 39:, an American multinational 7: 7924:Allison v. ExxonMobil Corp. 7459:Journal of Economic History 7443:The Business History Review 7292:Taylor, Luke (2024-02-08). 5187:Mouawad, Jad (2006-04-13). 3654:Brooks, John (1973-03-03). 3228:(9, illustrated ed.). 2471:Skinner, Walter R. (1983). 2127:Eugene A. Renna, 1998–1999 2111:Herbert Willetts, 1961–1964 2095:Charles F. Meyer, 1928–1931 2066:Fred W. Bartlett, 1958–1961 2059:George V. Holton, 1948–1955 2057:Harold F. Sheets, 1944–1948 1219:In 2010, ExxonMobil bought 1173:Rio Blanco County, Colorado 1108:Lee Raymond era (2001–2005) 755:high. In its decision, the 721:In 1933, Socony-Vacuum and 388:Exxon Donor Solvent Process 189:Jersey Standard (1911–1973) 10: 8234: 8047:Hebron-Ben Nevis oil field 8037:East-Prinovozemelsky field 7982:2010 Port Arthur oil spill 7733:Magnolia Petroleum Company 6998:Seba, Erwin (2022-10-20). 5978:www.businessroundtable.org 5137:The State Journal-Register 4105:Murphy, Kim (2008-12-07). 3265:Williams, Neville (2005). 2878:Cambridge University Press 2138: 2123:Allen E. Murray, 1985–1993 2078:Allen E. Murray, 1986–1994 1860:George H. Jones, 1925–1928 1631:carbon capture and storage 1510:political action committee 1335:climate change legislation 1258:and Achimov formations in 1236:East-Prinovozemelsky field 1191:ExxonMobil announced that 1092:, Mobil's interest in the 964:, who converted them into 642:Following the break-up of 286:Standard Oil of California 229:Ethyl Gasoline Corporation 116:Anglo-American Oil Company 100: 89: 18:Standard Oil of New Jersey 8167: 8151: 8115: 8062:Kizomba deepwater project 8024: 7977:2010 ExxonMobil oil spill 7969: 7954:Oil Pollution Act of 1990 7913:Overview of controversies 7905: 7861:Exxon Building (New York) 7833: 7767: 7715: 7669: 7662: 7651: 7633: 7590: 7583: 7461:12#4 (1952), pp. 411–24. 6905:www.business-standard.com 5384:10.1017/S0032247412000137 4912:"Exxon-Mobil merger done" 4054:October 15, 2012, at the 3830:O'Brien, Michael (2008). 3620:. Logoose.com. 1972-03-03 3072:. ABC-CLIO. p. 129. 2939:"ExxonMobil, Our History" 2516:Cochran, Sherman (2000). 2080:Lucio A. Noto, 1994–1999 1726:Pioneer Natural Resources 1686:Santa Barbara, California 1551:carbon dioxide equivalent 1473: 1413:in Russia with Rosneft". 1169:Bureau of Land Management 1102:Valero Energy Corporation 1029:ExxonMobil (1999–present) 829:each year (except during 694:Socony-Vacuum (1931–1966) 604:Oil Pollution Act of 1990 330:Arab-American Oil Company 324:formed the joint venture 8032:Colony Shale Oil Project 7987:2013 Mayflower oil spill 7505:11#1 (1996), pp. 22–27. 4946:Federal Trade Commission 4542:Houston Business Journal 3310:Harvard University Press 2774:Cornell University Press 2125:Lucio A. Noto, 1993–1998 2099:John A. Brown, 1935–1944 1650:the Russian government. 1506:2020 reelection campaign 1313:On October 9, 2014, the 1225:unconventional resources 1023:Coraopolis, Pennsylvania 999:Fairfax County, Virginia 820:Chermayeff & Geismar 784:German Type IX submarine 517:Colony Shale Oil Project 431:Converse County, Wyoming 86:Standard Oil (1870–1911) 8057:Kearl Oil Sands Project 7503:OAH Magazine of History 6030:. CNN. April 21, 2017. 5646:. Market Realist, Inc. 5550:The Wall Street Journal 5331:The Wall Street Journal 5012:The Wall Street Journal 4842:Dallas Business Journal 4702:The Wall Street Journal 4232:Harvard Business School 3640:by William D. Smith on 3525:Business History Review 3359:Harvard Business School 3222:Kent, James A. (2013). 2827:Morton, M, ed. (2013). 2360:Encyclopædia Britannica 2325:"Anglo-American Oil Co" 2149:Exxon's logo since 2016 2107:Albert L. Nickerson Jr. 1820:US Department of Energy 1660:Standard Oil descendant 1635:Baytown, Texas refinery 1555:University of Cambridge 1321:In September 2016, the 941:oil production platform 778:, was sunk by a German 575:On March 24, 1989, the 564:, New York City to the 538:over its cable channel 140:Scrutiny and litigation 43:presently based out of 41:oil and gas corporation 8138:Mobil Showcase Network 8133:ExxonMobil Electrofrac 6059:June 25, 2018, at the 5615:. September 19, 2014. 4731:Weiand, Achim (2006). 4670:. September 29, 1999. 4480:Cite journal requires 4425:Cite journal requires 4245:"Lubrite Technologies" 3989:The Hollywood Reporter 3498:"Exxonmobil Highlands" 3275:New Society Publishers 3110:June 24, 2011, at the 2870:Rockoff, Hugh (2012). 2645:Pound, Arthur (2013). 2606:Shavit, David (1990). 2232:companiesmarketcap.com 2150: 2119:William P. Tavoulareas 2069:Albert L. Nickerson Jr 2038:Chairman of the Board 1875:, 1942–1943, 1944–1945 1846:Chairman of the Board 1498: 1397:oil drilling in Russia 1393:Trump's administration 1188: 1162:ExxonMobil Electrofrac 1125: 987:William P. Tavoulareas 927: 815: 741: 707: 639: 596:Exxon Valdez oil spill 446: 402: 306: 33: 8123:History of ExxonMobil 8077:Prudhoe Bay Oil Field 8042:Goose Creek Oil Field 7896:Upper Zakum oil field 7886:Port Stanvac Refinery 7871:Imperial Oil Building 7488:Harper and Row, 1971. 5950:. December 13, 2016. 5859:. November 26, 2016. 5608:Oil & Gas Journal 5552:. February 27, 2012. 4977:Oil & Gas Journal 4948:. November 30, 1999. 4918:. November 30, 1999. 4806:Oil & Gas Journal 3965:on September 27, 2011 3656:"IT WILL GROW ON YOU" 3302:Perlin, John (1999). 2385:Clark, Peter (2013). 2148: 2139:Further information: 1966:Monroe J. Rathbone II 1893:Monroe J. Rathbone II 1466: 1426:climate change denial 1186: 1115: 925: 801: 739: 701: 637: 444: 400: 301: 146:Sherman Antitrust Act 132:, was established in 32: 8025:Oil & gas fields 8000:Greenpoint oil spill 7841:Baton Rouge Refinery 7743:Superior Oil Company 7687:ExxonMobil Australia 7479:Larson, Henrietta M. 6694:www.businesswire.com 6080:. September 22, 2021 5613:Pennwell Corporation 5140:. January 27, 2009. 4982:Pennwell Corporation 4811:Pennwell Corporation 4742:Bertelsmann Stiftung 4640:. December 3, 1998. 4608:. December 2, 1998. 4445:"2003 Annual Report" 4225:Scherer, Frederic M. 3875:. Funding Universe. 3747:"The Exxon Delusion" 3474:. Associated Press. 2941:. Exxon Mobil Corp. 2694:. pp. 185–191. 2684:Lesch, John (2013). 2102:B. Brewster Jennings 2062:B. Brewster Jennings 1986:Clifton C. Garvin Jr 1951:William S. Farish II 1908:Clifton C. Garvin Jr 1863:William S. Farish II 1717:Ursula von der Leyen 1701:Bangchak Corporation 1678:Par Pacific Holdings 1647:Government of Russia 1623:a special subsidiary 1410:Trump administration 1120:with Vice President 1116:ExxonMobil Chairman 1011:Standard Oil of Ohio 1003:Western Pennsylvania 991:150 East 42nd Street 973:Superior Oil Company 808:Champion spark plugs 588:Prince William Sound 427:Richland, Washington 258:East Texas Oil Field 7805:John D. Rockefeller 7795:Samuel J. Palmisano 7753:Standard Vacuum Oil 7511:Popple, Charles S. 7495:1 (1958): 137-169. 7273:Offshore Technology 6530:Wall Street Journal 6129:Wall Street Journal 5460:The Financial Times 5422:Oil and Gas Journal 5375:2013PoRec..49..140O 5297:The Washington Post 5039:"Back in oil shale" 4775:European Commission 4668:European Commission 4356:The Washington Post 3873:"Tosco Corporation" 3722:The Washington Post 2356:"Exxon Corporation" 2160:synthetic motor oil 1991:Howard C. Kauffmann 1976:J. Kenneth Jamieson 1903:J. Kenneth Jamieson 1713:European Commission 1711:In September 2022, 1639:hydrogen production 1615:invasion of Ukraine 1329:the value of their 1216:to the new owners. 1060:European Commission 1034:Merger (1998–2000) 835:Gilmore Oil Company 663:Soconyland Sketches 486:oil embargo of 1973 386:process called the 367:released its first 346:Benicia, California 111:John D. Rockefeller 53:John D. Rockefeller 8213:ExxonMobil history 8159:Universe of Energy 8052:Hibernia oil field 7881:Nanticoke Refinery 7748:Vacuum Oil Company 7692:ExxonMobil Nigeria 7535:McGraw-Hill, 1989. 7518:Sampson, Anthony. 7471:8.3 (1969): 3-19. 7355:The New York Times 6613:The New York Times 6472:The New York Times 5947:The New York Times 5889:The New York Times 5193:The New York Times 5108:. March 27, 2016. 5105:The Daily Sentinel 5043:The Daily Sentinel 4984:. March 13, 2000. 4744:. pp. 24–27. 4637:The New York Times 4504:2021-05-20 at the 4349:2017-12-01 at the 4324:The New York Times 4321:, Robert J. Cole, 4317:2021-05-20 at the 4136:The New York Times 3693:The New York Times 3642:The New York Times 3472:The New York Times 3361:. pp. 22–23. 2973:The New York Times 2184:www.britannica.com 2151: 2114:Rawleigh Warner Jr 2086:Henry C. Folger Jr 2074:Rawleigh Warner Jr 2048:Henry C. Folger Jr 1956:Ralph W. Gallagher 1873:Ralph W. Gallagher 1808:Marathon Petroleum 1363:Secretary of State 1262:. In 2018, due to 1189: 1126: 928: 816: 757:U.S. Supreme Court 742: 740:Mobiloil Ad (1950) 712:Vacuum Oil Company 708: 684:Christopher Morley 680:Socony Sketchbook, 640: 630:Socony (1911–1931) 558:Rockefeller Center 513:oil shale industry 447: 408:photovoltaic cells 403: 307: 237:coal hydrogenation 163:'s classic exposé 78:, and trails only 76:Fortune Global 500 61:Vacuum Oil Company 34: 8195: 8194: 8072:Pembina oil field 7851:Billings Refinery 7810:Walter V. Shipley 7790:James R. Houghton 7785:William W. George 7763: 7762: 7702:SeaRiver Maritime 7649: 7648: 7528:Wall, Bennett H. 6978:Restoring America 6721:. April 29, 2022. 5268:. June 25, 2010. 4944:(Press release). 4885:978-1-4398-5538-6 4845:. April 3, 2000. 4777:. March 2, 2000. 4773:(Press release). 4666:(Press release). 4193:Popular Mechanics 4111:The Seattle Times 4061:Houston Chronicle 4022:978-1-4808-0860-7 3843:978-1-932542-37-0 3805:Mining Technology 3319:978-0-674-01013-0 3288:978-1-55092-312-4 3239:978-1-4757-6431-4 3079:978-1-61069-252-6 2887:978-1-107-37718-9 2830:Rubber Technology 2787:978-0-8014-2878-4 2742:978-0-313-24634-0 2701:978-94-015-9377-9 2658:978-88-96365-39-7 2619:978-0-313-26788-8 2580:978-0-8108-6288-3 2561:Vassiliou, Marius 2533:978-0-520-92189-4 2482:978-0-582-90315-9 2445:978-1-4384-3013-3 2402:978-0-19-163769-8 2132: 2131: 2028: 2027: 2006:Charles R. Sitter 1971:Michael L. Haider 1941:Alfred C. Bedford 1898:Michael L. Haider 1856:Alfred C. Bedford 1782:, former IBM CEO 1740:Equatorial Guinea 1674:Billings Refinery 1569:country) and the 1495:October 19, 2020 1487: 1486: 1445:COVID-19 pandemic 1385:Royal Dutch Shell 1302:in Texas and the 1146:Rumaila oil field 1098:Tosco Corporation 1090:Colonial pipeline 794:Mobil (1955–1999) 704:Dutch East Indies 650:Henry Clay Folger 617:project, forming 470:software through 384:coal liquefaction 322:Royal Dutch Shell 317:or Humble names. 109:, established by 49:direct descendant 16:(Redirected from 8225: 8185: 8184: 8175: 8174: 8128:Esso Motor Hotel 8107:West Qurna Field 8007:Atlantic Empress 7846:Baytown Refinery 7815:Walter C. Teagle 7723:Creole Petroleum 7667: 7666: 7657: 7588: 7587: 7570: 7563: 7556: 7547: 7546: 7418: 7417: 7415: 7414: 7408:www.spglobal.com 7400: 7394: 7393: 7391: 7390: 7379: 7373: 7372: 7370: 7369: 7346: 7340: 7339: 7337: 7336: 7322: 7316: 7315: 7313: 7312: 7289: 7283: 7282: 7280: 7279: 7264: 7258: 7257: 7255: 7254: 7239: 7233: 7232: 7230: 7229: 7214: 7208: 7207: 7205: 7204: 7189: 7183: 7182: 7180: 7179: 7164: 7158: 7157: 7155: 7154: 7140: 7134: 7133: 7131: 7129: 7118: 7112: 7111: 7109: 7108: 7093: 7087: 7086: 7084: 7083: 7069: 7063: 7062: 7060: 7059: 7045: 7039: 7038: 7036: 7035: 7020: 7014: 7013: 7011: 7010: 6995: 6989: 6988: 6986: 6985: 6970: 6964: 6963: 6961: 6960: 6945: 6939: 6938: 6936: 6935: 6921: 6915: 6914: 6912: 6911: 6896: 6890: 6889: 6887: 6886: 6872: 6866: 6865: 6863: 6862: 6847: 6841: 6840: 6838: 6837: 6822: 6816: 6815: 6813: 6812: 6797: 6791: 6790: 6788: 6787: 6772: 6766: 6765: 6763: 6762: 6747: 6741: 6740: 6729: 6723: 6722: 6711: 6705: 6704: 6702: 6701: 6686: 6680: 6679: 6677: 6676: 6662: 6656: 6655: 6653: 6652: 6637: 6631: 6630: 6628: 6627: 6604: 6598: 6597: 6595: 6594: 6579: 6573: 6572: 6570: 6569: 6554: 6548: 6547: 6545: 6544: 6521: 6515: 6514: 6512: 6511: 6496: 6490: 6489: 6487: 6486: 6463: 6457: 6456: 6454: 6453: 6438: 6432: 6431: 6429: 6428: 6413: 6407: 6406: 6404: 6402: 6381: 6375: 6374: 6372: 6370: 6355: 6349: 6348: 6346: 6344: 6332: 6326: 6325: 6323: 6321: 6309: 6303: 6302: 6300: 6299: 6284: 6278: 6277: 6271: 6263: 6261: 6260: 6254:OpenSecrets News 6245: 6239: 6238: 6222: 6216: 6215: 6213: 6211: 6196: 6190: 6189: 6187: 6186: 6171: 6165: 6164: 6162: 6161: 6146: 6140: 6139: 6137: 6135: 6120: 6114: 6113: 6111: 6109: 6095: 6089: 6088: 6086: 6085: 6070: 6064: 6050: 6044: 6043: 6041: 6039: 6024: 6018: 6017: 6015: 6013: 5994: 5988: 5987: 5985: 5984: 5970: 5964: 5963: 5961: 5959: 5938: 5932: 5931: 5929: 5927: 5912: 5906: 5905: 5903: 5901: 5879: 5873: 5872: 5870: 5868: 5847: 5841: 5840: 5838: 5836: 5813: 5807: 5806: 5804: 5802: 5780: 5774: 5773: 5771: 5769: 5747: 5741: 5740: 5738: 5736: 5716: 5710: 5709: 5707: 5705: 5683: 5677: 5671: 5666: 5660: 5659: 5657: 5655: 5635: 5629: 5628: 5626: 5624: 5599: 5593: 5592: 5590: 5588: 5572: 5566: 5565: 5563: 5561: 5542: 5536: 5535: 5533: 5531: 5514: 5508: 5507: 5505: 5503: 5483: 5477: 5476: 5474: 5472: 5456: 5448: 5442: 5441: 5439: 5437: 5413: 5407: 5406: 5396: 5386: 5354: 5348: 5347: 5345: 5343: 5327: 5319: 5313: 5312: 5310: 5308: 5288: 5282: 5281: 5279: 5277: 5266:NHST Media Group 5257: 5250: 5244: 5243: 5241: 5239: 5217: 5211: 5210: 5208: 5207: 5184: 5178: 5177: 5175: 5174: 5160: 5154: 5153: 5151: 5149: 5128: 5122: 5121: 5119: 5117: 5096: 5090: 5089: 5087: 5085: 5065: 5059: 5058: 5056: 5054: 5034: 5028: 5027: 5025: 5023: 5004: 4998: 4997: 4995: 4993: 4968: 4962: 4961: 4959: 4957: 4938: 4932: 4931: 4929: 4927: 4908: 4902: 4901: 4899: 4897: 4865: 4859: 4858: 4856: 4854: 4833: 4827: 4826: 4824: 4822: 4797: 4791: 4790: 4788: 4786: 4767: 4761: 4760: 4758: 4756: 4750: 4739: 4728: 4719: 4718: 4716: 4714: 4698: 4690: 4684: 4683: 4681: 4679: 4660: 4654: 4653: 4651: 4649: 4628: 4622: 4621: 4619: 4617: 4596: 4587: 4586: 4584: 4583: 4564: 4558: 4557: 4555: 4553: 4533: 4527: 4515: 4509: 4496: 4490: 4489: 4483: 4478: 4476: 4468: 4463: 4462: 4456: 4449: 4441: 4435: 4434: 4428: 4423: 4421: 4413: 4408: 4407: 4401: 4386: 4378: 4372: 4366: 4360: 4359:, March 12, 1984 4341: 4328: 4327:, March 12, 1984 4309: 4296: 4295: 4293: 4292: 4273: 4264: 4263: 4261: 4260: 4241: 4235: 4218: 4212: 4211: 4206: 4204: 4187: 4181: 4180: 4173: 4167: 4158: 4152: 4151: 4149: 4147: 4127: 4121: 4120: 4118: 4117: 4102: 4096: 4095: 4093: 4091: 4071: 4065: 4045: 4039: 4038: 4036: 4034: 4006: 4000: 3999: 3997: 3995: 3981: 3975: 3974: 3972: 3970: 3961:. 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Pratt 2053:Herbert L. Pratt 2035: 2034: 2016:Rex W. Tillerson 1996:Lawrence G. Rawl 1946:Walter C. Teagle 1936:John D. Archbold 1923:Rex W. Tillerson 1913:Lawrence G. Rawl 1868:Walter C. Teagle 1843: 1842: 1784:Samuel Palmisano 1780:Steven Kandarian 1478: 1468: 1210:service stations 1150:West Qurna Field 1086:Benicia Refinery 1053:American history 865: 853: 812:Rambler American 654:Herbert L. Pratt 621:in the process. 536:21st Century Fox 419:nuclear industry 195:Walter C. Teagle 21: 8233: 8232: 8228: 8227: 8226: 8224: 8223: 8222: 8198: 8197: 8196: 8191: 8163: 8147: 8111: 8020: 7965: 7901: 7866:Fawley Refinery 7829: 7759: 7711: 7658: 7645: 7629: 7579: 7574: 7522:(2nd ed. 1990) 7427: 7425:Further reading 7422: 7421: 7412: 7410: 7402: 7401: 7397: 7388: 7386: 7381: 7380: 7376: 7367: 7365: 7347: 7343: 7334: 7332: 7324: 7323: 7319: 7310: 7308: 7290: 7286: 7277: 7275: 7265: 7261: 7252: 7250: 7241: 7240: 7236: 7227: 7225: 7215: 7211: 7202: 7200: 7190: 7186: 7177: 7175: 7166: 7165: 7161: 7152: 7150: 7142: 7141: 7137: 7127: 7125: 7120: 7119: 7115: 7106: 7104: 7095: 7094: 7090: 7081: 7079: 7071: 7070: 7066: 7057: 7055: 7047: 7046: 7042: 7033: 7031: 7022: 7021: 7017: 7008: 7006: 6996: 6992: 6983: 6981: 6972: 6971: 6967: 6958: 6956: 6946: 6942: 6933: 6931: 6923: 6922: 6918: 6909: 6907: 6897: 6893: 6884: 6882: 6874: 6873: 6869: 6860: 6858: 6848: 6844: 6835: 6833: 6823: 6819: 6810: 6808: 6806:Markets Insider 6798: 6794: 6785: 6783: 6781:The Motley Fool 6773: 6769: 6760: 6758: 6749: 6748: 6744: 6731: 6730: 6726: 6713: 6712: 6708: 6699: 6697: 6688: 6687: 6683: 6674: 6672: 6664: 6663: 6659: 6650: 6648: 6638: 6634: 6625: 6623: 6605: 6601: 6592: 6590: 6580: 6576: 6567: 6565: 6555: 6551: 6542: 6540: 6522: 6518: 6509: 6507: 6498: 6497: 6493: 6484: 6482: 6464: 6460: 6451: 6449: 6440: 6439: 6435: 6426: 6424: 6414: 6410: 6400: 6398: 6382: 6378: 6368: 6366: 6356: 6352: 6342: 6340: 6333: 6329: 6319: 6317: 6310: 6306: 6297: 6295: 6286: 6285: 6281: 6265: 6264: 6258: 6256: 6246: 6242: 6223: 6219: 6209: 6207: 6205:Financial Times 6197: 6193: 6184: 6182: 6172: 6168: 6159: 6157: 6147: 6143: 6133: 6131: 6121: 6117: 6107: 6105: 6097: 6096: 6092: 6083: 6081: 6072: 6071: 6067: 6061:Wayback Machine 6051: 6047: 6037: 6035: 6026: 6025: 6021: 6011: 6009: 5996: 5995: 5991: 5982: 5980: 5972: 5971: 5967: 5957: 5955: 5940: 5939: 5935: 5925: 5923: 5914: 5913: 5909: 5899: 5897: 5880: 5876: 5866: 5864: 5849: 5848: 5844: 5834: 5832: 5814: 5810: 5800: 5798: 5781: 5777: 5767: 5765: 5748: 5744: 5734: 5732: 5717: 5713: 5703: 5701: 5684: 5680: 5669: 5667: 5663: 5653: 5651: 5636: 5632: 5622: 5620: 5601: 5600: 5596: 5586: 5584: 5573: 5569: 5559: 5557: 5544: 5543: 5539: 5529: 5527: 5515: 5511: 5501: 5499: 5484: 5480: 5470: 5468: 5449: 5445: 5435: 5433: 5414: 5410: 5355: 5351: 5341: 5339: 5320: 5316: 5306: 5304: 5289: 5285: 5275: 5273: 5261:Upstream Online 5252: 5251: 5247: 5237: 5235: 5218: 5214: 5205: 5203: 5185: 5181: 5172: 5170: 5162: 5161: 5157: 5147: 5145: 5130: 5129: 5125: 5115: 5113: 5098: 5097: 5093: 5083: 5081: 5066: 5062: 5052: 5050: 5035: 5031: 5021: 5019: 5014:. 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Goff 1764: 1643:Southampton, UK 1531: 1499: 1497: 1492: 1391:In April 2017, 1367:President-elect 1359: 1343:stranded assets 1271:coalbed methane 1260:Western Siberia 1234:to develop the 1181: 1110: 1078:Gatwick Airport 1036: 1031: 881: 880: 879: 878: 877: 866: 858: 857: 854: 796: 723:Jersey Standard 696: 668:Parker Fennelly 632: 627: 552:Exxon sold the 498:Montgomery Ward 439: 271:Harry S. Truman 262:polyisobutylene 242:synthetic fuels 191: 186: 142: 103: 98: 90:Main articles: 88: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8231: 8221: 8220: 8215: 8210: 8193: 8192: 8190: 8189: 8179: 8168: 8165: 8164: 8162: 8161: 8155: 8153: 8149: 8148: 8146: 8145: 8140: 8135: 8130: 8125: 8119: 8117: 8113: 8112: 8110: 8109: 8104: 8099: 8094: 8089: 8084: 8079: 8074: 8069: 8064: 8059: 8054: 8049: 8044: 8039: 8034: 8028: 8026: 8022: 8021: 8019: 8018: 8010: 8002: 7997: 7989: 7984: 7979: 7973: 7971: 7967: 7966: 7964: 7963: 7956: 7951: 7944: 7939: 7934: 7927: 7920: 7915: 7909: 7907: 7903: 7902: 7900: 7899: 7893: 7888: 7883: 7878: 7873: 7868: 7863: 7858: 7853: 7848: 7843: 7837: 7835: 7831: 7830: 7828: 7827: 7822: 7817: 7812: 7807: 7802: 7797: 7792: 7787: 7782: 7780:Larry Faulkner 7777: 7775:Michael Boskin 7771: 7769: 7765: 7764: 7761: 7760: 7758: 7757: 7756: 7755: 7745: 7740: 7735: 7730: 7725: 7719: 7717: 7713: 7712: 7710: 7709: 7704: 7699: 7694: 7689: 7684: 7682:Exxon Neftegas 7679: 7673: 7671: 7664: 7660: 7659: 7652: 7650: 7647: 7646: 7644: 7643: 7637: 7635: 7631: 7630: 7628: 7627: 7622: 7617: 7616: 7615: 7605: 7600: 7594: 7592: 7585: 7581: 7580: 7573: 7572: 7565: 7558: 7550: 7544: 7543: 7536: 7526: 7516: 7509: 7499: 7489: 7475: 7474: 7465: 7455: 7446: 7438: 7437: 7426: 7423: 7420: 7419: 7395: 7374: 7341: 7317: 7284: 7259: 7234: 7209: 7184: 7159: 7135: 7113: 7088: 7064: 7040: 7015: 6990: 6965: 6940: 6916: 6891: 6867: 6842: 6817: 6800:Tayeb, Zahra. 6792: 6767: 6742: 6739:. May 7, 2022. 6724: 6706: 6681: 6657: 6632: 6599: 6574: 6549: 6516: 6491: 6458: 6433: 6408: 6376: 6350: 6327: 6304: 6279: 6240: 6233:) – via 6217: 6191: 6166: 6141: 6115: 6090: 6065: 6045: 6019: 5989: 5965: 5933: 5907: 5874: 5842: 5817:Hiroko Tabuchi 5808: 5775: 5742: 5711: 5678: 5661: 5644:Market Realist 5630: 5594: 5567: 5537: 5524:The Australian 5509: 5478: 5443: 5408: 5369:(2): 140–153. 5349: 5314: 5283: 5245: 5212: 5179: 5155: 5123: 5091: 5060: 5029: 4999: 4963: 4933: 4903: 4884: 4860: 4828: 4792: 4762: 4720: 4685: 4655: 4623: 4588: 4559: 4528: 4510: 4491: 4482:|journal= 4436: 4427:|journal= 4373: 4361: 4353:, Mark Potts, 4329: 4297: 4265: 4236: 4213: 4182: 4168: 4153: 4122: 4097: 4066: 4040: 4021: 4001: 3976: 3950: 3925: 3890: 3861: 3842: 3822: 3789: 3763: 3737: 3708: 3679: 3660:The New Yorker 3646: 3630: 3609: 3597:CSP Daily News 3584: 3558: 3531:(3): 353–366. 3515: 3489: 3458: 3432: 3406: 3379: 3337: 3318: 3312:. p. 53. 3294: 3287: 3257: 3238: 3214: 3195: 3168: 3141: 3115: 3097: 3078: 3058: 3039: 3019: 2990: 2956: 2930: 2905: 2886: 2862: 2843: 2819: 2800: 2786: 2756: 2741: 2735:. p. 35. 2719: 2700: 2676: 2657: 2637: 2618: 2598: 2579: 2539: 2532: 2526:. p. 20. 2508: 2481: 2463: 2444: 2420: 2401: 2377: 2342: 2316: 2267: 2243: 2219: 2195: 2170: 2169: 2167: 2164: 2136: 2133: 2130: 2129: 2082: 2043: 2042: 2039: 2032: 2029: 2026: 2025: 2011:Lee R. Raymond 2001:Lee R. Raymond 1981:Milo M. Brisco 1932: 1918:Lee R. Raymond 1851: 1850: 1847: 1840: 1837: 1835: 1832: 1763: 1760: 1756:Nicolás Maduro 1611:Vladimir Putin 1586:, a suburb of 1539:bitcoin miners 1530: 1527: 1503:Donald Trump's 1493: 1488: 1485: 1484: 1480: 1479: 1472: 1465: 1358: 1355: 1304:Delaware Basin 1292:South Belridge 1180: 1177: 1109: 1106: 1035: 1032: 1030: 1027: 957:General Motors 867: 860: 859: 855: 848: 847: 846: 845: 844: 795: 792: 695: 692: 672:New Englanders 631: 628: 626: 623: 619:Exxon Neftegas 554:Exxon Building 494:Gulf of Mexico 438: 435: 412:1980s oil glut 392:Baytown, Texas 361:In 1955, when 225:tetraethyllead 221:General Motors 190: 187: 185: 182: 161:Ida M. 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