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Street newspaper

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421:, are begun by homeless or formerly homeless individuals, whereas others are more professional ventures. Many, particularly in the United States, receive aid from local government and charities, and coalitions such as the International Network of Street Papers and the North American Street Newspaper Association provide workshops and support for new street papers. Many develop in a bottom-up fashion, starting up through volunteer work and "newcomers to the media business" and gradually expanding to include professionals. For most papers, the majority of revenue comes from sales, donations, and government grants, while some receive advertising revenue from local businesses. There has been some disagreement among street newspaper publishers and supporters over whether papers should accept advertising, with some arguing that advertising is practical and helps support the paper, and others claiming that many kinds of advertisements are inappropriate in a paper that is mainly geared towards the poor. 239: 27: 312:(founded in 1997) aim to provide support for street papers and to "uphold ethical standards". In particular, the INSP was established to help groups that were starting new street newspapers, to bring more mainstream media attention to the street newspaper movement during the 1990s, and to support interaction and cross-talk between street paper publishers and staff from different countries. The INSP and the NASNA voted to combine their resources in 2006; they have collaborated to found the 408:. Nevertheless, not all vendors are homeless; some have stable housing situations but are unable to hold other jobs, while others started out homeless but were eventually able to use their income from sales to find housing. In general, the major American street newspapers do not require prospective vendors to show proof of homelessness or poverty, and they do not require vendors to retire once they find stable housing. In the United States, during and after the 3229: 339: 356: 113: 210:'s portrayals of the homeless. At the time, many media outlets portrayed homeless people as being all criminals and drug addicts, and suggested that homelessness was a result of laziness rather than societal or political factors. Thus, one motivation for the creation of the first street newspapers was to counter the negative coverage of homeless people that was coming from existing media. 401:
them "get back on their feet". The purpose of requiring vendors to purchase papers up front and earn back the money by selling them is to help them develop skills in financial management. Vendors for most newspapers are identifiable by badges or messenger bags. Many newspapers require that vendors sign a code of conduct or otherwise "clean up their act".
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emulating mainstream papers and magazines in order to generate a large profit to invest in homeless issues and others focusing on political and social issues rather than on content that will generate money. Some street newspaper proponents believe that the primary aim of the papers should be to give
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Most street newspapers report on issues regarding homelessness and poverty, sometimes functioning as a main source of information on policy changes and other practical issues that are relevant to the homeless but may go unreported in mainstream media. Many feature contributions from the homeless and
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Most street newspapers operate by selling the papers to homeless vendors for a fraction of the retail price (usually between 10% and 50%), after which the vendors sell the papers for the retail price and retain all the proceeds from street sales. The income vendors earn from sales is intended to help
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can refer vendors to providers of "drug and alcohol treatment, high school equivalency classes, career counseling, and permanent housing". Most are engaged in some form of organizing and advocacy regarding homelessness and poverty, and many function as "watchdogs" for the local homeless communities.
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included a story on the recent bulldozing of a homeless camp, a review of a book on homelessness, a description of the Family Promise organization for homeless support, and a list of community resources; much of this content was submitted by the homeless. The writing style is often simple and clear;
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founded in 1992. During this period, an average of five new papers were created every year. This growth has been attributed both to changing attitudes and policies towards homeless individuals and to the ease of publishing provided by desktop computers; After 1989, at least 100 papers sprung up in
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is mostly a tabloid covering celebrity news; while it is sold by the homeless and generates a profit that is used to benefit the homeless, the content is not written by them and there is little coverage of social issues that are relevant to them. In the late 1990s when the London-based paper began
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Among proponents and publishers of street newspapers there is disagreement over how street newspapers should be run and what their goals should be, reflecting a "clash between two philosophies for advocating social change". On one side of the debate are papers that seek to function like a business
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in that both are a response to the perceived shortcomings of the mainstream media and both encourage involvement by non-professionals. A major difference between the two, however, is that the citizen journalism movement does not necessarily advocate a particular position, whereas street newspapers
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individuals and produced mainly to support these populations. Most such newspapers primarily provide coverage about homelessness and poverty-related issues, and seek to strengthen social networks within homeless communities. Street papers aim to give these individuals both employment opportunities
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of "transient" or unreliable staff, lack of adequate funding, lack of journalistic freedom for papers that are funded by local government, and, among some demographics, lack of interest in homeless issues. For example, journalism professor Jim Cunningham has attributed the difficulties in selling
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Other frequent areas of disagreement include the extent that the homeless should participate in the writing and printing of street newspapers, and whether street newspapers should accept advertising to generate revenue. Kevin Howley sums up the division between different street newspaper models
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Specific business models for street newspapers vary widely, ranging from vendor-managed papers that place the highest value upon homeless empowerment and involvement to highly professionalized and commercialized weeklies. Some papers (especially in Europe) operate as autonomous businesses, while
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The defining characteristic of a street newspaper is that it is sold by homeless or marginalized vendors. While many street newspapers aim to provide coverage of social issues and educate the public about homelessness, this goal is often secondary: many people who buy street newspapers do so to
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In the early days of street newspapers, people were often reluctant to buy from homeless vendors for fear that they were being scammed. Furthermore, many of the more activist papers fail to sell well because their writing and production are perceived to be unprofessional and lackluster. Topics
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Street newspapers are sold mainly by homeless individuals, but the newspapers vary in how much content is submitted by them and how much of the coverage pertains to them: while some papers are written and published mainly by homeless contributors, others have a professional staff and attempt to
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have in the past been criticized as "grim" and for having vendors that are too loud and intrusive. Some newspapers sell well but may not be widely read, as many people will donate to vendors without buying, or buy the newspaper and then throw it away. Howley has described readers' hesitance or
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In addition to providing some individuals with income and employment, street newspapers are intended to give homeless participants responsibility and independence, and to create a tight-knit homeless community. Many offer additional programs to vendors, such as job training, housing placement
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focuses mostly on celebrity news and interviews, rather than coverage of homelessness and poverty. It is still sold by homeless vendors and uses the bulk of its proceeds to support homeless individuals and advocacy organizations for the homeless, but the paper's content is mostly written by
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Howley has described street newspapers as a means of mobilizing the networks of "formal and informal relationships that exist between the homeless, the unemployed, and the working poor, and shelter managers, healthcare workers, community organizers, and others who work on their behalf".
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and generate a profit and a wide readership in order to benefit the homeless in a practical way; on the other are papers that seek to provide a "voice" to the homeless and poor without watering down their message for a broad readership. Timothy Harris, the director of
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emulate mainstream publications. These differences have caused controversy among street newspaper publishers over what type of material should be covered and to what extent the homeless should participate in writing and production. One popular street newspaper,
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included a description of a prominent homeless community, an interview with a congresswoman, an editorial about the costs and benefits of taking a job, several poems about homelessness, a how-to column, and a section for recipes. A 2009 issue of the
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In the late 19th and early 20th centuries several publications by charity, religious, and labor organizations tried to draw attention to the homeless, but street newspapers only became common after the founding of New York City's
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making plans to enter markets in the United States, many American street newspaper publishers reacted defensively, saying they could not compete with the production values and mainstream appeal of the professionally produced
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professional staff and geared towards a broad audience. Because of its professional nature and high production values, it has been a frequent target of criticism in an ongoing debate between adherents of professional and
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attracted the most attention and became the "catalyst" for many other papers. Many more street papers were launched in the early 1990s, crediting the high-profile New York paper as their inspiration, such as
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when he questions if it is "possible (or desirable for that matter) to publish a dissident newspaper—that is, a publication committed to progressive social change—and still attract a wide audience".
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in 1989. Similar papers are now published in over 30 countries, with most located in the United States and Western Europe. They are supported by governments, charities, and coalitions such as the
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has attracted attention and controversy because of its stature, it is not the only street newspaper that follows a business-oriented model. Numerous street newspapers work in a similar way, with
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in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, early street newspapers were often created because the founders believed mainstream news did not cover issues that were relevant to ordinary people.
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Most street newspaper vendors in the United States and United Kingdom are homeless individuals, although in several other countries (especially in Europe) papers are mainly sold by
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over 30 countries. By 2008, an estimated 32 million people worldwide read street newspapers, and 250,000 poor, disadvantaged, or homeless individuals sold or contributed to them.
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homeless individuals a voice and to "fill the void" in mainstream media coverage, whereas others believe it should be to provide homeless individuals with jobs and an income.
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founded in late 1989 in New York City, is frequently cited as the first modern street newspaper. While some small papers were already being published when it was founded,
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covered are sometimes seen as lacking newsworthy content, and of little relevance or interest to the general public or the homeless community. Organizations in
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suggested that the paper's readers at the time tended to be college-educated, with slightly over half being female, and slightly over half unmarried.
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and a voice in their community. In addition to being sold by homeless individuals, many of these papers are partially produced and written by them.
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To provide income and job skills to the homeless and other marginalized individuals, who act as vendors of and often contributors to the newspapers
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assistance, and referral to other direct services. Others operate as a program of a larger social services organization—for instance, Chicago's
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unwillingness to read the papers as "compassion fatigue". On the other hand, those papers that do sell well and are widely read, such as
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raised what is now an ongoing conflict between commercialized, professional papers and more grassroots-style ones, with papers such as
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to draw people's attention to the poor living conditions of these individuals. Another precursor to the modern street newspaper was
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others operate as parts of existing organizations or projects. There are papers that are very successful, such as the UK-based
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Some street newspapers, however, work differently, having vendors pay back a portion of the proceeds after selling the paper (
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have responded to these criticisms by offering workshops in writing and journalism for homeless contributors. Papers such as
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The precise demographics of the readership of street newspapers is unclear. A pair of 1993 surveys conducted by Chicago's
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in profits, but many papers sell as few as 3,000 copies a month and barely generate a profit at all for the publishers.
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To establish social networks within homeless communities and between homeless individuals and service providers
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To provide coverage of, and to educate the general public about, issues pertaining to homelessness and poverty
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Another author claims the paper had a shorter lifespan, running "from the late 1910s to the early 1920s" (
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redesigned its format and began to be published weekly, in attempt to avoid being seen as a "charity buy".
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Torck, Danièle (2001). "Voices of Homeless People in Street Newspapers: A Cross-Cultural Exploration".
1969:. Cf. Chapter 6, "West Forty-sixth Street, Winter 1989" which is about his experiences as a vendor of 3813: 3797: 3717: 3429: 3202: 3009: 2890: 2805: 2677: 2389: 2119: 1845: 1447: 667: 575: 99:, whereas other newspapers emphasize homeless advocacy and social issues and earn less of a profit. 4211: 4151: 4026: 4021: 3958: 3837: 3443: 3141: 3118: 3002: 2934: 2864: 2800: 2441: 456: 417: 2302: 1736: 4206: 3947: 3172: 3113: 3098: 3093: 3088: 3067: 2964: 2944: 2854: 2574: 1759:"Sweets on the Street: Change of Heart, Lawrence's homeless newspaper is ten years old this year" 1596: 450:, including profiles of individual street newspaper vendors. For example, the first edition of 259:
Street papers have been started in many major cities worldwide, mainly in the United States and
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In the mid-1990s, coalitions were established to strengthen the street newspaper movement. The
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Modern street newspapers began to emerge in the United States in the late 1980s in response to
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social scientist Kevin Howley describes street newspapers as having a "native eloquence".
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support and express solidarity with the homeless vendor, rather than to read the paper.
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Howley, Kevin (2003). "A Poverty of Voices: Street Papers as Communicative Democracy".
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members, alongside contributions of oral history, creative writing, and artwork from
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at the Crossroads: A Case Study of a Newspaper to Empower the Homeless in the 1990s"
267:, which in 1999 had more street newspapers than the rest of Europe combined, and in 4392: 4349: 4344: 4271: 4241: 4191: 4146: 4041: 2763: 2758: 2695: 2624: 2594: 2496: 2406: 2337: 2279: 2227: 2033:"Homeless Journalists Hone Their Reporting Skills". American News Service, n.d. in 1442: 462: 451: 207: 1321: 1220: 4246: 4166: 4016: 4006: 3904: 3670: 3241: 2650: 2521: 2358: 2207: 1956: 1275: 409: 279: 96: 19:
This article is about homeless newspapers. For other alternative newspapers, see
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in 1879, as an early form of "dissident, underground, alternative publication".
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often targets street newspapers and vendors; for example, in New York City and
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being the most well-known example of a whole category of street newspapers (
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Although the modern street newspaper began with the 1989 publication of
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Founding Conference of the North American Street Newspaper Association
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did not do enough to provide a voice to the homeless. The reaction to
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In part because of its "flashy" design and high production values,
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or other high-traffic areas, making it difficult for the papers
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Community Media: People, Places, and Communication Technologies
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4th conference of North American Street Newspaper Association
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Jacobs, Sally, "News is Uplifting for Homeless in N.Y.",
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has been a source of controversy among street newspapers.
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Street papers start in a variety of ways. Some, such as
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Other difficulties street newspapers face include high
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According to Howley, street newspapers are similar to
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won the 2006 grand prize award for journalism of the
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North American Street Newspaper Association (NASNA)
3271: 368:Most street newspapers have three main purposes: 301:) are published in languages other than English. 206:and homeless advocates' dissatisfaction with the 4431: 2265: 2230:. University of Illinois Press. pp. 34–55. 1832: 1688: 1423: 1307: 1302: 1300: 1298: 1210:alone has 94 member papers across 36 countries. 2071: 2069: 1936: 1934: 1932: 1930: 1928: 1926: 2816:International Year of Shelter for the Homeless 1815: 1813: 1811: 3838: 3257: 2462: 2363:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 62–4. 1958:Grand Central Winter: Stories from the Street 1825: 1295: 496:ideals of how street newspapers should work. 306:International Network of Street Papers (INSP) 2066: 1923: 1798: 1796: 661: 513: 2123:. Homeless People's Network. Archived from 2115:"The Big Issue means big business as usual" 1862: 1808: 1530: 1528: 1462: 1406: 1404: 1402: 1389: 1387: 1385: 1383: 1381: 1235: 1037: 1035: 1033: 955:North American Street Newspaper Association 480:openly advocate for the homeless and poor. 197: 83:North American Street Newspaper Association 3845: 3831: 3264: 3250: 2469: 2455: 2266:Hanks, Sinead; Swithinbank, Tessa (1999). 2176:Corporal, Lynette Lee (13 November 2008). 1981: 1979: 1429: 990: 988: 922: 920: 918: 905: 903: 901: 888: 886: 395: 4445:Community and social services occupations 2377: 2283: 2178:"Jobs Come Aboard 'Jeepney' Street Paper" 1793: 1271:"The transnational street paper movement" 1021: 1019: 1017: 1015: 1013: 1011: 1009: 1007: 1005: 1003: 107: 2175: 1525: 1399: 1378: 1319: 1313: 1264: 1262: 1260: 1258: 1256: 1254: 1252: 1250: 1156: 1097:Coalition on Homelessness, San Francisco 1052: 1050: 1030: 809: 805: 803: 801: 799: 797: 795: 793: 791: 789: 699: 603: 517: 354: 337: 263:. They have especially proliferated in 237: 111: 25: 2112: 2106: 2029: 2027: 2012: 1976: 1781: 1589: 1540: 1498: 1200: 1152: 1150: 1148: 985: 945: 943: 941: 939: 937: 935: 915: 898: 883: 840: 599: 4432: 2433:International Network of Street Papers 2378:Jefferson, David J. (March 11, 2010). 2356: 2327: 2075: 1940: 1917: 1905: 1868: 1819: 1733: 1499:Calhoun, Patricia (18 February 2009). 1492: 1474:International Network of Street Papers 1435: 1350:"Röster åt utsatta fick publicistpris" 1241: 1217:International Network of Street Papers 1208:International Network of Street Papers 1166: 1164: 1056: 1000: 979: 909: 846: 761: 79:International Network of Street Papers 16:Newspaper sold by the homeless or poor 3826: 3746: 3503: 3284: 3245: 2450: 2396: 2380:"Spare Change's Most Insidious Myths" 2300: 2244: 2213: 2148: 2100: 2060: 2048: 2034: 2018: 1985: 1880: 1831:Hanks & Swithinbank  1802: 1787: 1687:Hanks & Swithinbank  1592:"Lawrence Streetpaper receives grant" 1585: 1583: 1581: 1546: 1534: 1422:Hanks & Swithinbank  1410: 1393: 1306:Hanks & Swithinbank  1268: 1247: 1057:Harris, Timothy (14 September 1997). 1047: 1041: 1025: 994: 926: 892: 858: 786: 757: 755: 753: 751: 749: 747: 745: 743: 741: 739: 720: 686: 2024: 1986:Green, Sara Jean (1 February 2005). 1590:Condron, Courtney (23 August 2007). 1145: 932: 852: 442:the poor in addition to articles by 2113:Messman, Terry (10 February 1998). 1756: 1700: 1694: 1501:"Meet the MasterMind Class of 2009" 1161: 483:Unlike most street newspapers, the 30:A street newspaper vendor, selling 13: 2224:Print Culture in a Diverse America 1578: 1436:Harris, Timothy (5 October 2006). 1184:. 15 December 2004. Archived from 762:Harman, Danna (17 November 2003). 736: 499: 140:scholar Norma Fay Green has cited 14: 4471: 3285: 2426: 2245:Green, Norma Fay (23 July 1999). 957:. 7 November 2008. Archived from 204:increasing levels of homelessness 3228: 3227: 2476: 1734:Lorber, Janie (April 12, 2009). 1322:"De hemlösas tidningar prisades" 1320:Holender, Robert (22 May 2006). 2142: 2094: 2081: 2054: 2042: 1946: 1911: 1899: 1886: 1874: 1838: 1750: 1727: 1681: 1646: 1616: 1562:. The Big Issue. Archived from 1552: 1416: 1342: 1115: 1085: 973: 812:"The press takes to the street" 705: 692: 291:Swedish Publicists' Association 178:Industrial Workers of the World 3852: 3395:The Journey (street newspaper) 2826:Youth Homelessness Matters Day 679: 333: 1: 3910:Pundit / commentator 2570:Anti-homelessness legislation 1757:Roy, M.G. (7 December 2006). 1362:. 22 May 2006. Archived from 769:The Christian Science Monitor 730: 2307:Encyclopedia of Homelessness 2272:Environment and Urbanization 2156:Ryerson Review of Journalism 1177:The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer 570:to the fact that the mostly 7: 4415:List of journalism articles 2733:Homeless Friendly Precincts 2411:10.1177/0957926501012003005 2305:. In David Levinson (ed.). 2226:. eds. James Philip Danky, 1701:Hsu, Huan (10 April 2007). 1182:Public Broadcasting Service 436: 327:Straatmedia Groep Nederland 10: 4476: 3725:The Big Issue in the North 3504: 2285:10.1177/095624789700900112 2253:. Street Paper Focus Group 2151:"Small Papers, Big Issues" 1850:beta.companieshouse.gov.uk 1624:"About StreetWise Vendors" 1470:"The street paper concept" 1172:"Street News (transcript)" 665: 364:is a Swedish street paper. 308:(founded in 1994) and the 271:, where the street papers 102: 18: 4412: 4364: 4291: 4096: 3998: 3920: 3860: 3814:List of street newspapers 3811: 3798:The Big Issue (Australia) 3789: 3771: 3753: 3747: 3742: 3718:The Big Issue in Scotland 3702: 3684: 3680: 3641: 3623: 3605: 3582: 3564: 3546: 3528: 3510: 3499: 3458:Street Sheet (Wilmington) 3337: 3291: 3280: 3225: 3195: 3160: 3129: 3081: 3063:Eastern European children 3055: 3048: 2980: 2878: 2847: 2838: 2793: 2741: 2688: 2638: 2562: 2484: 2342:10.1177/14648849030043002 2301:Heinz, Teresa L. (2004). 2214:Green, Norma Fay (1998). 810:Boukhari, Sophie (1999). 668:List of street newspapers 662:List of street newspapers 576:anti-homeless legislation 514:Challenges and criticisms 3573:Hinz&Kunzt (Hamburg) 3346:The Challenger Newspaper 2801:Homelessness Action Week 2442:University of Washington 2438:Street Paper Focus Group 672: 628:Controversy surrounding 198:Modern street newspapers 3870:Journalists (reporters) 2898:Latin American children 1597:University Daily Kansan 1123:"The Big Issue History" 396:Operations and business 160:Salvation Army officers 3984:Editorial independence 2821:Street Child World Cup 2806:Homeless Persons' Week 2357:Howley, Kevin (2005). 2149:Brown, Ann M. (2002). 615: 533: 365: 352: 256: 123: 108:Historical foundations 40: 4340:Pink-slime journalism 4325:Horse race journalism 2769:Single-room occupancy 2661:Homelessness services 2399:Discourse and Society 2163:on September 11, 2007 1450:on September 29, 2006 951:"About Street Papers" 859:Dodge, Chris (1999). 607: 521: 358: 341: 241: 115: 29: 4315:Freedom of the press 3780:The Jeepney Magazine 3762:The Big Issue Malawi 3307:Edmonton Street News 2988:Bangladeshi children 2785:Transitional housing 2000:on 16 September 2012 1513:on 29 September 2014 961:on February 25, 2008 600:Differing approaches 448:community organizers 4455:Types of journalism 4377:Newspaper of record 3328:Toronto Street News 3321:Street Sheet Canada 2610:Vulnerability Index 2303:"Street Newspapers" 1634:on February 9, 2009 1438:"Director's Corner" 1213:"Our Street Papers" 568:Calgary Street Talk 314:Street News Service 187:The Catholic Worker 3624:Russian Federation 3486:Word on the Street 3388:The Homeless Voice 3381:Homeless Grapevine 2811:Homeless World Cup 2313:. pp. 534–9. 2206:2009-01-14 at the 2190:on 8 February 2009 1892:Ed. Craig Sweets. 1743:The New York Times 1604:on 1 December 2008 1269:Magnusson, Jan A. 1103:on 10 October 2008 1073:on 3 November 2005 865:American Libraries 817:The UNESCO Courier 616: 593:Homeless Grapevine 534: 477:citizen journalism 366: 353: 257: 124: 41: 4460:Street newspapers 4440:Alternative press 4425: 4424: 4403:Alternative media 4355:Yellow journalism 3989:Journalism school 3820: 3819: 3807: 3806: 3738: 3737: 3734: 3733: 3495: 3494: 3409:Spare Change News 3314:The Ottawa Wrench 3273:Street newspapers 3239: 3238: 3221: 3220: 3191: 3190: 3035:Filipino children 2865:Ghanaian children 2834: 2833: 2711:Four penny coffin 2656:Homeless ministry 2392:on July 24, 2011. 2385:Spare Change News 2311:SAGE Publications 2063:, pp. 36, 40 1920:, pp. 1–2, 7 1691:, pp. 153–4 1426:, pp. 155–6 596:to earn revenue. 227:Spare Change News 192:alternative media 146:, created by the 44:Street newspapers 4467: 4350:Propaganda model 4345:Public relations 3847: 3840: 3833: 3824: 3823: 3744: 3743: 3682: 3681: 3501: 3500: 3367:Groundcover News 3282: 3281: 3266: 3259: 3252: 3243: 3242: 3231: 3230: 3208:Papua New Guinea 3053: 3052: 2845: 2844: 2764:Right to housing 2759:Rapid Re-Housing 2696:Homeless shelter 2686: 2685: 2673:Street newspaper 2625:Social cleansing 2471: 2464: 2457: 2448: 2447: 2422: 2393: 2374: 2353: 2324: 2297: 2287: 2262: 2260: 2258: 2241: 2228:Wayne A. Wiegand 2199: 2197: 2195: 2186:. Archived from 2183:Asia Media Forum 2172: 2170: 2168: 2159:. Archived from 2137: 2136: 2134: 2132: 2110: 2104: 2098: 2092: 2089:The Boston Globe 2085: 2079: 2073: 2064: 2058: 2052: 2046: 2040: 2031: 2022: 2016: 2010: 2009: 2007: 2005: 1996:. Archived from 1983: 1974: 1950: 1944: 1938: 1921: 1915: 1909: 1903: 1897: 1890: 1884: 1878: 1872: 1866: 1860: 1859: 1857: 1856: 1842: 1836: 1829: 1823: 1817: 1806: 1800: 1791: 1785: 1779: 1778: 1776: 1774: 1765:. Archived from 1754: 1748: 1747: 1739: 1731: 1725: 1724: 1722: 1720: 1711:. Archived from 1698: 1692: 1685: 1679: 1678: 1676: 1674: 1665:. Archived from 1650: 1644: 1643: 1641: 1639: 1630:. Archived from 1620: 1614: 1613: 1611: 1609: 1600:. Archived from 1587: 1576: 1575: 1573: 1571: 1556: 1550: 1544: 1538: 1532: 1523: 1522: 1520: 1518: 1509:. Archived from 1496: 1490: 1489: 1487: 1485: 1480:on 12 March 2020 1476:. Archived from 1466: 1460: 1459: 1457: 1455: 1446:. Archived from 1443:Real Change News 1433: 1427: 1420: 1414: 1408: 1397: 1391: 1376: 1375: 1373: 1371: 1346: 1340: 1339: 1337: 1335: 1317: 1311: 1304: 1293: 1292: 1290: 1288: 1279:. Archived from 1266: 1245: 1239: 1233: 1232: 1230: 1228: 1219:. Archived from 1204: 1198: 1197: 1195: 1193: 1188:on 12 March 2008 1168: 1159: 1154: 1143: 1142: 1140: 1138: 1129:. Archived from 1119: 1113: 1112: 1110: 1108: 1099:. Archived from 1093:"Get Acquainted" 1089: 1083: 1082: 1080: 1078: 1069:. Archived from 1054: 1045: 1039: 1028: 1023: 998: 992: 983: 977: 971: 970: 968: 966: 947: 930: 924: 913: 907: 896: 890: 881: 880: 878: 876: 867:. Archived from 856: 850: 844: 838: 837: 835: 833: 824:. Archived from 807: 784: 782:Archived version 780: 778: 776: 759: 724: 709: 703: 696: 690: 683: 463:Lawrence, Kansas 452:Washington, D.C. 208:mainstream media 4475: 4474: 4470: 4469: 4468: 4466: 4465: 4464: 4430: 4429: 4426: 4421: 4408: 4407: 4406: 4360: 4359: 4358: 4287: 4286: 4285: 4247:Photojournalism 4116:Interventionism 4092: 4091: 4090: 3994: 3993: 3992: 3916: 3915: 3914: 3856: 3851: 3821: 3816: 3803: 3785: 3767: 3749: 3730: 3698: 3676: 3671:Situation Sthlm 3637: 3619: 3601: 3578: 3560: 3542: 3524: 3506: 3491: 3360:The Contributor 3353:Change of Heart 3333: 3287: 3276: 3270: 3240: 3235: 3217: 3187: 3156: 3125: 3077: 3044: 2976: 2874: 2830: 2789: 2737: 2726:Women's shelter 2684: 2651:Hygiene program 2634: 2600:Popular culture 2595:Patient dumping 2558: 2522:Street children 2480: 2475: 2429: 2371: 2321: 2256: 2254: 2238: 2208:Wayback Machine 2193: 2191: 2166: 2164: 2145: 2140: 2130: 2128: 2127:on 30 June 2010 2111: 2107: 2099: 2095: 2086: 2082: 2074: 2067: 2059: 2055: 2051:, pp. 40–1 2047: 2043: 2038: 2032: 2025: 2017: 2013: 2003: 2001: 1984: 1977: 1951: 1947: 1939: 1924: 1916: 1912: 1904: 1900: 1894:Change of Heart 1891: 1887: 1883:, pp. 43–4 1879: 1875: 1867: 1863: 1854: 1852: 1844: 1843: 1839: 1830: 1826: 1818: 1809: 1805:, pp. 41–2 1801: 1794: 1786: 1782: 1772: 1770: 1755: 1751: 1732: 1728: 1718: 1716: 1699: 1695: 1686: 1682: 1672: 1670: 1669:on 2 March 2009 1657: 1651: 1647: 1637: 1635: 1622: 1621: 1617: 1607: 1605: 1588: 1579: 1569: 1567: 1566:on 2 March 2009 1558: 1557: 1553: 1545: 1541: 1533: 1526: 1516: 1514: 1497: 1493: 1483: 1481: 1468: 1467: 1463: 1453: 1451: 1434: 1430: 1421: 1417: 1409: 1400: 1392: 1379: 1369: 1367: 1366:on 14 June 2006 1348: 1347: 1343: 1333: 1331: 1318: 1314: 1305: 1296: 1286: 1284: 1283:on 29 June 2006 1276:Situation Sthlm 1267: 1248: 1240: 1236: 1226: 1224: 1211: 1205: 1201: 1191: 1189: 1170: 1169: 1162: 1155: 1146: 1136: 1134: 1133:on 1 March 2009 1121: 1120: 1116: 1106: 1104: 1091: 1090: 1086: 1076: 1074: 1055: 1048: 1040: 1031: 1024: 1001: 993: 986: 978: 974: 964: 962: 949: 948: 933: 925: 916: 908: 899: 891: 884: 874: 872: 857: 853: 845: 841: 831: 829: 828:on 7 April 2019 808: 787: 774: 772: 760: 737: 733: 728: 727: 710: 706: 697: 693: 689:, p. 534). 684: 680: 675: 670: 664: 602: 516: 502: 500:Social benefits 468:Change of Heart 439: 410:Great Recession 398: 336: 280:Situation Sthlm 200: 110: 105: 97:popular culture 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4473: 4463: 4462: 4457: 4452: 4447: 4442: 4423: 4422: 4413: 4410: 4409: 4405: 4400: 4395: 4390: 4385: 4380: 4370: 4369: 4368: 4366: 4362: 4361: 4357: 4352: 4347: 4342: 4337: 4327: 4322: 4317: 4312: 4307: 4302: 4297: 4296: 4295: 4293: 4289: 4288: 4284: 4279: 4274: 4269: 4264: 4259: 4254: 4249: 4244: 4239: 4234: 4229: 4227:New Journalism 4224: 4219: 4214: 4209: 4204: 4199: 4197:Human-interest 4194: 4189: 4184: 4179: 4177:Digital/Online 4174: 4169: 4164: 4159: 4154: 4149: 4144: 4139: 4134: 4129: 4124: 4119: 4109: 4104: 4103: 4102: 4100: 4094: 4093: 4089: 4084: 4079: 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1885: 1873: 1861: 1837: 1835:, p. 155 1824: 1807: 1792: 1780: 1763:The Lawrencian 1749: 1726: 1708:Seattle Weekly 1693: 1680: 1645: 1615: 1577: 1551: 1539: 1524: 1491: 1461: 1428: 1415: 1398: 1377: 1360:Sveriges Radio 1358:(in Swedish). 1341: 1327:Dagens Nyheter 1312: 1310:, p. 154 1294: 1246: 1234: 1223:on 6 July 2010 1199: 1160: 1144: 1114: 1084: 1046: 1029: 999: 984: 972: 931: 914: 897: 882: 851: 839: 785: 734: 732: 729: 726: 725: 723:, p. 47). 704: 691: 677: 676: 674: 671: 666:Main article: 663: 660: 601: 598: 584:public transit 515: 512: 501: 498: 438: 435: 397: 394: 380: 379: 376: 373: 335: 332: 261:Western Europe 199: 196: 148:Salvation Army 109: 106: 104: 101: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4472: 4461: 4458: 4456: 4453: 4451: 4448: 4446: 4443: 4441: 4438: 4437: 4435: 4428: 4420: 4416: 4411: 4404: 4401: 4399: 4398:News agencies 4396: 4394: 4391: 4389: 4386: 4384: 4381: 4378: 4374: 4371: 4367: 4363: 4356: 4353: 4351: 4348: 4346: 4343: 4341: 4338: 4335: 4334:False balance 4331: 4328: 4326: 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2591: 2590:Mental health 2588: 2586: 2583: 2581: 2578: 2576: 2573: 2571: 2568: 2567: 2565: 2561: 2555: 2552: 2548: 2545: 2543: 2540: 2538: 2535: 2534: 2533: 2530: 2528: 2527:Social orphan 2525: 2523: 2520: 2518: 2517:Street people 2515: 2513: 2510: 2508: 2505: 2503: 2500: 2498: 2495: 2493: 2490: 2489: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2472: 2467: 2465: 2460: 2458: 2453: 2452: 2449: 2443: 2439: 2436: 2434: 2431: 2430: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2400: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2386: 2381: 2376: 2372: 2370:0-521-79228-2 2366: 2362: 2361: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2326: 2322: 2320:0-7619-2751-4 2316: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2286: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2264: 2252: 2248: 2243: 2239: 2237:0-252-06699-5 2233: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2219: 2212: 2209: 2205: 2202: 2189: 2185: 2184: 2179: 2174: 2162: 2158: 2157: 2152: 2147: 2146: 2126: 2122: 2121: 2120:Street Spirit 2116: 2109: 2102: 2097: 2091:, May 7, 1990 2090: 2084: 2077: 2072: 2070: 2062: 2057: 2050: 2045: 2036: 2030: 2028: 2020: 2015: 1999: 1995: 1994: 1993:Seattle Times 1989: 1982: 1980: 1972: 1968: 1967:1-888363-57-6 1964: 1960: 1959: 1954: 1953:Stringer, Lee 1949: 1942: 1937: 1935: 1933: 1931: 1929: 1927: 1919: 1914: 1907: 1902: 1895: 1889: 1882: 1877: 1870: 1865: 1851: 1847: 1841: 1834: 1828: 1821: 1816: 1814: 1812: 1804: 1799: 1797: 1789: 1784: 1769:on 2 May 2013 1768: 1764: 1760: 1753: 1745: 1744: 1738: 1730: 1715:on 2009-01-09 1714: 1710: 1709: 1704: 1697: 1690: 1684: 1668: 1664: 1663:The Big Issue 1660: 1659:"How We Work" 1655: 1654:The Big Issue 1649: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1619: 1603: 1599: 1598: 1593: 1586: 1584: 1582: 1565: 1561: 1560:"How We Work" 1555: 1548: 1543: 1537:, p. 372 1536: 1531: 1529: 1512: 1508: 1507: 1502: 1495: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1465: 1449: 1445: 1444: 1439: 1432: 1425: 1419: 1413:, p. 539 1412: 1407: 1405: 1403: 1396:, p. 538 1395: 1390: 1388: 1386: 1384: 1382: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1356: 1351: 1345: 1329: 1328: 1323: 1316: 1309: 1303: 1301: 1299: 1282: 1278: 1277: 1272: 1265: 1263: 1261: 1259: 1257: 1255: 1253: 1251: 1243: 1238: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1209: 1203: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1178: 1173: 1167: 1165: 1158: 1157:Corporal 2008 1153: 1151: 1149: 1132: 1128: 1127:The Big Issue 1124: 1118: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1088: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1053: 1051: 1044:, p. 536 1043: 1038: 1036: 1034: 1027: 1022: 1020: 1018: 1016: 1014: 1012: 1010: 1008: 1006: 1004: 996: 991: 989: 981: 976: 960: 956: 952: 946: 944: 942: 940: 938: 936: 929:, p. 535 928: 923: 921: 919: 911: 906: 904: 902: 895:, p. 534 894: 889: 887: 871:on 2009-07-29 870: 866: 862: 855: 848: 843: 827: 823: 819: 818: 813: 806: 804: 802: 800: 798: 796: 794: 792: 790: 783: 771: 770: 765: 758: 756: 754: 752: 750: 748: 746: 744: 742: 740: 735: 722: 718: 717:The Big Issue 714: 713:The Big Issue 708: 701: 700:Corporal 2008 695: 688: 682: 678: 669: 659: 655: 652: 651:The Big Issue 648: 647:The Big Issue 644: 643:The Big Issue 640: 639:The Big Issue 635: 634:The Big Issue 631: 630:The Big Issue 626: 624: 623: 613: 612: 611:The Big Issue 606: 597: 595: 594: 589: 585: 581: 577: 573: 569: 565: 560: 555: 553: 552:The Big Issue 548: 544: 543:San Francisco 540: 531: 530: 525: 520: 511: 508: 497: 495: 490: 489:The Big Issue 486: 481: 478: 473: 470: 469: 464: 459: 458: 453: 449: 445: 434: 432: 428: 427:The Big Issue 422: 420: 419: 413: 411: 407: 402: 393: 391: 390: 384: 377: 374: 371: 370: 369: 363: 362: 357: 351: 347: 346: 342:A vendor for 340: 331: 329: 328: 323: 319: 315: 311: 307: 302: 300: 297:'s bilingual 296: 292: 288: 287: 282: 281: 276: 275: 270: 266: 262: 255: 251: 247: 246: 242:A vendor for 240: 236: 233: 229: 228: 222: 218: 216: 211: 209: 205: 195: 193: 189: 188: 183: 179: 175: 174: 169: 165: 161: 157: 153: 149: 145: 144: 139: 135: 134:New York City 131: 130: 121: 120: 114: 100: 98: 94: 93: 92:The Big Issue 86: 84: 80: 76: 75: 68: 65: 61: 57: 53: 49: 48:street papers 45: 39: 38:San Francisco 35: 34: 28: 22: 4450:Homelessness 4427: 4388:TV and radio 4320:Infotainment 4310:Fifth Estate 4207:Interpretive 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p. 8 1869:Howley 2003 1822:, p. 9 1820:Howley 2003 1773:12 February 1570:10 February 1454:12 February 1370:11 February 1334:11 February 1287:12 February 1244:, p. 2 1242:Howley 2003 1227:11 February 1192:12 February 1067:Real Change 982:, p. 1 980:Howley 2003 965:12 February 910:Howley 2005 847:Howley 2005 622:Real Change 588:Street News 529:Real Change 334:Description 322:Netherlands 254:Netherlands 221:Street News 215:Street News 156:The War Cry 143:The War Cry 129:Street News 74:Street News 4434:Categories 4373:Newspapers 4365:News media 4330:Media bias 4232:Non-profit 4217:Multimedia 4137:Churnalism 4062:Technology 3974:Defamation 3921:Profession 3854:Journalism 3479:StreetWise 2955:New Mexico 2923:California 2908:LGBT youth 2840:By country 2330:Journalism 2218:StreetWise 2101:Green 1998 2061:Green 1998 2049:Green 1998 2035:Heinz 2004 2019:Green 1998 1881:Green 1998 1855:2020-05-22 1803:Green 1998 1788:Green 1998 1673:13 January 1638:13 January 1628:StreetWise 1608:13 January 1547:Green 1998 1535:Torck 2001 1411:Heinz 2004 1394:Heinz 2004 1137:13 January 1107:13 January 1042:Heinz 2004 1026:Brown 2002 995:Green 1998 927:Heinz 2004 893:Heinz 2004 775:13 January 731:References 721:Green 1998 687:Heinz 2004 547:StreetWise 507:StreetWise 494:grassroots 389:StreetWise 345:StreetWise 320:, and the 250:Zoetermeer 168:Cincinnati 138:journalism 122:front page 52:newspapers 4383:Magazines 4300:Fake news 4222:Narrative 4202:Immersion 4162:Community 4132:Broadcast 3875:Columnist 3632:Put Domoi 3555:Hus Forbi 3374:Hobo News 3203:Australia 3010:Indonesia 2970:Elsewhere 2891:Vancouver 2794:Awareness 2780:Tent city 2775:Squatting 2639:Responses 2507:McRefugee 2419:145648624 2350:145590826 2294:155008284 711:Although 580:Cleveland 522:In 2005, 444:activists 173:Hobo News 119:Hobo News 116:An early 56:magazines 4417:– 4393:Internet 4282:Watchdog 4172:Database 4127:Blogging 4122:Analytic 4112:Advocacy 4047:Politics 4037:Medicine 4012:Business 3606:Portugal 3519:Megaphon 3233:Category 3142:Portugal 3119:Scotland 3003:children 2940:Columbus 2935:Colorado 2913:Veterans 2879:Americas 2689:Shelters 2532:Vagrants 2502:Families 2257:13 March 2204:Archived 2131:13 March 2004:21 March 1719:14 March 1652:Such as 1517:12 March 1506:Westword 1484:19 April 1077:13 March 875:15 April 832:13 March 641:or that 559:turnover 539:Montreal 437:Coverage 406:refugees 324:has the 162:and the 81:and the 60:homeless 58:sold by 4419:Outline 4262:Tabloid 4237:Opinion 4142:Citizen 4082:Weather 4067:Traffic 4052:Science 4032:Fashion 3954:Culture 3938:Five Ws 3880:Blogger 3790:Oceania 3685:Ukraine 3565:Germany 3547:Denmark 3511:Austria 3196:Oceania 3173:Germany 3114:England 3099:Ireland 3094:Finland 3089:Denmark 3068:Hungary 2965:Seattle 2945:Florida 2855:Algeria 2742:Housing 2440:at the 564:Calgary 524:Seattle 487:-based 465:-based 350:Chicago 295:Chicago 265:Germany 103:History 4277:Visual 4257:Sensor 4098:Genres 4057:Sports 3944:Ethics 3885:Editor 3754:Africa 3664:Faktum 3642:Sweden 3596:Σχεδία 3591:Shedia 3583:Greece 3505:Europe 3292:Canada 3168:France 3137:Greece 3104:Sweden 3073:Russia 3049:Europe 3020:Israel 2960:Oregon 2886:Canada 2848:Africa 2749:Foyers 2563:Issues 2542:Tramps 2537:Bergie 2485:People 2417:  2367:  2348:  2317:  2292:  2234:  1965:  822:UNESCO 361:Faktum 286:Faktum 269:Sweden 252:, the 232:Boston 182:hoboes 152:London 50:) are 4272:Video 4242:Peace 4192:Gonzo 4147:Civic 4087:World 4042:Music 3999:Areas 3861:Roles 3748:Other 3650:Aluma 3147:Spain 3130:South 3082:North 3025:Japan 2998:India 2993:China 2918:Women 2860:Egypt 2771:(SRO) 2554:Youth 2547:Hobos 2415:S2CID 2346:S2CID 2290:S2CID 673:Notes 318:Italy 274:Aluma 36:, in 4167:Data 4017:Data 4007:Arts 3929:News 3772:Asia 3614:Cais 3161:West 3056:East 3015:Iraq 2981:Asia 2678:List 2666:List 2615:Pets 2365:ISBN 2315:ISBN 2259:2009 2232:ISBN 2196:2009 2169:2009 2133:2009 2006:2009 1963:ISBN 1833:1999 1775:2009 1721:2009 1689:1999 1675:2009 1640:2009 1610:2009 1572:2009 1519:2009 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Index

Street press

Street Sheet
San Francisco
newspapers
magazines
homeless
poor
Street News
International Network of Street Papers
North American Street Newspaper Association
The Big Issue
popular culture

Hobo News
Street News
New York City
journalism
The War Cry
Salvation Army
London
Salvation Army officers
working poor
Cincinnati
Hobo News
Industrial Workers of the World
hoboes
The Catholic Worker
alternative media
increasing levels of homelessness

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