194:
244:
such air carrier to engage in such transportation." However, as described below, the Board also had the ability to provide exemptions from this and other Act requirements. The Board, when issuing a certificate, was required to determine a carrier was "fit, willing and able" to provide air transportation, that it would obey the Board and Act, and that the certificate issuance was required by "public necessity and convenience". Further, the Board had to specify for each certificate the end and intermediate points of all routes. Thus the CAB not only determined entry into the industry, but also the specific routes a carrier served. It could also put limitations on that service. For instance, the CAB could approve a route from A to B to C but not allow the carrier to fly nonstop from A to C.
610:
carrying passengers to the Dunes Hotel in Las Vegas for "free". The fact that transportation was provided as part of the cost of accommodation did not make the airline any less a common carrier, and therefore guilty of providing interstate air transportation without a CAB certificate. The results of such investigations were not necessarily a foregone conclusion. In 1976, the CAB ended a long investigation by deciding ZIA was, in fact, not a common carrier (and thus did not require certification), going against the decision of its own administrative law judge. Ironically, this happened only a year before ZIA separately applied for and received certification as a supplemental air carrier.
548:
619:
4844:
38:
531:. In the case of air taxis, the CAB chose not to regulate. In the case of intrastate airlines, it was legally unable to. Restriction of flying to a single state was not sufficient to avoid CAB regulation; the additional measures to avoid interstate commerce were critical. Furthermore, flying within a single state was generally interpreted strictly. An aircraft flying outside the boundaries of that one state could trigger CAB authority, including, in the case of Hawaii, flying overwater between the islands, which was upheld in court as being intrinsically interstate commerce because the Federal government had domain over the seas.
6354:
6247:
6295:
5131:
6426:
6271:
5995:
1014:
Munz
Northern were memorialized in 32 pages of CAB reports, encompassing the deliberations of the (usually five but in this case four) member CAB board itself, plus the earlier deliberations of an administrative law judge in front of whom six people appeared, representing Munz and two other interested parties. At the time, Munz had six aircraft, each carrying 10 people or fewer. Further, Munz then had the same reporting requirement as carriers like United, all the usual reams of data that had to be sent to the CAB, for a carrier a tiny fraction of the size.
5443:
357:
5876:
6342:
6067:
6223:
6545:
6259:
5959:
5383:
4832:
6007:
6019:
5562:
5538:
6438:
6366:
5912:
5323:
6283:
5754:
6330:
6402:
338:
5431:
5347:
5012:
2477:
6414:
6235:
6079:
5036:
6211:
5227:
4820:
6175:
6031:
5718:
5706:
5502:
5455:
5395:
5215:
5119:
5107:
6151:
5742:
6187:
5634:
5371:
6617:
6473:
6115:
5359:
5167:
5143:
5682:
5971:
6581:
6127:
6055:
5947:
5287:
5263:
4868:
6521:
5840:
5804:
5407:
5311:
5275:
5048:
4808:
5598:
6533:
6485:
6139:
6091:
5983:
5900:
5670:
5658:
5526:
5490:
5095:
5060:
4976:
6605:
5586:
5574:
5514:
5239:
5000:
4964:
4952:
4796:
6569:
5888:
5828:
5730:
5550:
5419:
5191:
6199:
6163:
5766:
5646:
949:. In theory, local service airlines served smaller routes than the trunklines, though most trunklines tended to have some legacy points on their networks that were quite small. Over time, the CAB allowed local service carriers to compete on some routes with trunklines and some local service carriers became sizeable airlines. However, as shown in the table below, in 1978, just prior to deregulation, the largest local service carrier
5024:
4880:
6509:
5622:
5299:
5251:
4916:
4904:
4892:
4856:
6557:
6103:
6378:
6043:
5864:
6593:
6497:
6390:
5791:
5778:
5179:
4988:
4940:
4928:
5816:
5610:
5335:
5694:
5852:
5203:
5155:
4502:) "Mr. Evins. Other objects are shown on page 94. Rent is shown to increase by $ 28,000. You go from $ 194,400 to $ 223,200. Why do you need this increase? Mr. Murphy. We are acquiring about 2,000 more square feet of office space in the Universal Building, where we are presently housed. I think that accounts, perhaps, for the increase in our rent. Is that correct, Mr. Kiefer?"
3660:"Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, 14 CFR Parts 43, 91, 121, 123, 125, 135 and 145 [Docket 19779; Amendments Nos. 43-21, 91-169, 121-164, 123-9, New Parts 125, 135-7, and 145-17] Certification and Operation Rules for Certain Large Airplanes; Establishment of Part and Miscellaneous Amendments to Existing Regulations"
353:, which had regulated commercial aviation since the mid-1920s, and created a new agency, the Civil Aeronautics Authority. The agency was renamed in 1940, due to a merger with the Air Safety Board. It became an independent agency under Reorganization Plans Nos. III and IV of 1940, effective on June 30, 1940. The Air Safety Board had formed in 1938.
465:(after they became certificated carriers) within the CAB's taxonomy of certificated scheduled airlines (see "Airline categories" below). However, in 1972 the CAB expanded this category to include aircraft of 30 passengers or fewer, with a payload of less than 7,500 lbs. Such carriers did have to obtain
286:
All agreements between carriers had to be filed with the CAB, which evaluated whether such agreements were in the public interest. If not, they were not approved. In 1970, the CAB reviewed over 1000 such agreements, many of a routine nature such as the cooperation of airlines at a particular airport.
260:
The CAB had broad authority to set or limit fares. There was a fairly uniform national fare structure based on distance flown set by the CAB. In particular, carriers serving the same markets were held to the same fares, so competition on the basis of fares did not exist, other than in the final years
1013:
The wide variety of carriers in the table below hints at problems with just one facet of CAB regulation. Tiny
Alaskan back-country carriers like Munz Northern and Kodiak-Western were subject to the same kind of proceedings as huge airlines like United and American. 1975 certification proceedings for
892:
and, until deregulation, was not permitted to sell tickets for transport within the continental US. While it could fly aircraft from, say, New York to Los
Angeles, it could not sell tickets between New York and Los Angeles despite having significant international operations in both cities. All other
964:
Local service carriers were also the biggest recipients of CAB subsidies, as shown below. In 1978, the CAB paid a total of $ 66.3 million in subsidies to airlines (over $ 275 million in 2024 dollars) of which $ 58.5 million was paid to local service carriers, equivalent to over 40% of local service
609:
The CAB regularly enforced its powers against uncertificated carriers engaged in activities the CAB saw as making them common carriers. For instance, in
February 1961, the issued a cease-and-desist order to, among others, Trans Global Airlines, Inc. aka Golden State Airlines, a Part 45 carrier, for
328:
The Act also prevented the CAB from regulating certain things: frequency, equipment, accommodations and facilities. It was up to the carrier to determine what aircraft it flew and how often and what airport or ticket facilities it built/rented, and so forth. However, the CAB did generally require a
243:
Companies could not enter the airline industry, either for domestic or foreign (between the US and foreign points) routes unless certificated by the Board. The Act stated: "No air carrier shall engage in any air transportation unless there is in force a certificate issued by the Board authorizing
315:
The Board had broad authority to provide exemptions from provisions of the Act. For example, originally all US non-scheduled carriers were authorized this way, the Board simply exempting them from certification. As discussed below, in 1952, the CAB also simply carved out a blanket exemption for
4490:(Volume 38 of Independent Offices and Department of Housing and Urban Development Appropriations for 1969: Hearings, Ninetieth Congress, Second Session, United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Independent Offices and Dept. of Housing and Urban Development).
269:
The CAB had the authority to approve or disapprove mergers, not only between airlines, but between an airline and any other common carrier (e.g. a bus line or a railroad) or a company engaged in any other phase of aviation (like an aircraft manufacturer). Moreover "merger" was defined broadly,
678:. Scheduled carriers were also free to offer charters. Throughout the history of the CAB, the supplementals constantly attempted to become scheduled carriers and the CAB constantly rejected them. There were also tight restrictions on supplementals, designed to protect the scheduled carriers.
630:
under which air travel clubs had their own operational requirements. Starting in the early 1970s, the CAB went after some of the largest air travel clubs for being de-facto common carriers. In 1973, it shut down
Voyager 1000, a large Indiana-based air travel club. Voyager, which had a fleet
448:
The CAB chose not to regulate airlines flying "small aircraft". This was formalized in Part 298 of the Board's economic regulations, which in 1952 gave a blanket authorization for any airline operating an aircraft with a maximum gross takeoff weight of 12,500 lbs or less. Such airlines were
651:. The CAB went on to shut two other large clubs in 1974 and 1975. Notwithstanding these enforcement actions, in November 1979 (within the first year of deregulation) there were still 11 air travel clubs operationally regulated under Part 123, though by May 1980 it had dropped to seven.
2496:), and its offices were in several buildings. After moving into the Universal Building, CAB leased space there. By 1968 the agency had acquired an additional approximately 2,000 square feet (190 m) of space in the same building, resulting in additional rent expenses.
222:(NTSB) as part of DOT, which absorbed the CAB safety function, which was to investigate most airline accidents. Unlike the FAA, which (renamed as the Federal Aviation Administration) became part of DOT in the 1966 Act, the CAB remained an independent government agency.
659:
The CAB divided the airlines it regulated into categories according to the roles they were meant to play. The following draws from the CAB's FY 1977 Report to
Congress dated May 1978, and so reflects the state of CAB airline certification just prior to deregulation.
6358:
578:
was an example of such a company, flying aircraft on behalf of the US automakers on a private basis (before it acquired a supplemental certificate in 1962). "Part 45" was a reference to the then Civil
Aviation Regulations under which the then
423:
specified that the CAB would eventually be disestablished — the first federal regulatory regime, since the 1930s, to be totally dismantled — and this happened on
January 1, 1985. The remaining tasks were transferred to the
209:
The authority of the Civil
Aeronautics Board to regulate airlines was established by the Civil Aeronautics Act of 1938. The 1938 Act was amended by the Federal Aviation Act of 1958, but the main effect of that was to establish the
4403:"Sorbitol from France: determination of the Commission in investigation no. 731-TA-44 (final) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigation" (Volume 1233 of USITC publication).
534:
Note that the
Federal government, while not providing economic regulation over intrastate carriers, did regulate them from an operational/safety standpoint. For those purposes intrastate airlines were regulated by the
5808:
919:, trunk airlines or simply just trunks, with most (but not all) such carriers having certificates dating back to 1938, the date of the Civil Aeronautics Authority Act that created the CAB. These were carriers such as
4570:
Oversight of Civil Aeronautics Board practices and procedures : hearings before the Subcommittee on Administrative Practice and Procedure of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, Ninety-fourth
2789:
893:
international carriers were also domestic carriers. There was a split within international between passenger airlines (which were always free to carry cargo and sometimes flew pure cargo aircraft) and
6681:
6661:
4771:
278:
Any interlocking relationship, such as common directors, between airlines, or between an airline and a common carrier, or a company in any other phase of aviation, required CAB approval.
371:
Other predecessor agencies included the Aeronautics Branch (1926–1934), the Bureau of Air Commerce (1934–1938), and the Bureau of Air Mail, Interstate Commerce Commission (1934–38).
395:
Under the chairmanship of John Robson, the Civil Aeronautics Board "in April 1976 did the unthinkable, becoming the first regulatory body to support deregulation," which President
6686:
1867:
2805:
6609:
5856:
472:
The CAB would, on occasion, also exempt air-taxi or commuter operators to operate aircraft larger than the limits. For instance, in 1971, it exempted Executive Airlines and
479:
On five occasions, the CAB certificated former air taxi/commuter airlines to fly larger aircraft. These airlines were then regulated by the CAB like any other CAB carrier:
6477:
4824:
6666:
6501:
5795:
626:
Air travel clubs were membership organizations, nominally private, that had their own aircraft and ran trips for members. In 1968, the FAA instituted Part 123 of the
233:) secured airline service for communities that would have otherwise been served less, or not have been served at all (due to low passenger traffic or other reasons).
5904:
4759:
527:
An airline that restricted flying to within one state and took other steps to minimize participation in interstate commerce could avoid CAB regulation and fly as an
6561:
6406:
6370:
6155:
6107:
5626:
5614:
4992:
4956:
4932:
1897:
6585:
6131:
4499:
6489:
6071:
6035:
5279:
5004:
214:(FAA), which among other things regulated (as it still does) airline operations and safety. The 1966 Department of Transportation Act, which established the
6656:
6119:
5832:
5782:
5734:
5650:
307:
The Board was authorized to subsidize carriers. As shown below, in 1978 the CAB paid subsidies to a dozen carriers, including nine that flew jet equipment.
193:
961:, and basic operating statistics show the local service carriers as flying distinctly less capacity, smaller aircraft and shorter routes than the trunks.
4848:
2533:
1001:
category, superseded by Hawaiian and Intra-Alaskan after Hawaii and Alaska became states. Some carriers had more than one domestic status. For instance,
229:, it provided security for the existing airlines, avoided gluts and shortages of passengers on certain routes, and (partly by allowing airlines to carry
6537:
6442:
6651:
6621:
6167:
5231:
6676:
6646:
6525:
4944:
4800:
6597:
5880:
5674:
2505:
5892:
5423:
5159:
4495:
6513:
5844:
5554:
4752:
167:
4836:
6263:
5291:
4457:. "UNDER ONE ROOF at last, the Civil Aeronautics Board is now quartered in the Universal Building, 1825 Connecticut Ave., N.W., Washington"
4404:
594:. Finally, the regulations were completely revamped, with most commercial operations moved to Part 121. Such operators were then known as
261:
of the CAB when it experimented with liberalization. Fares also tended to underprice short-haul markets and overprice longer-haul markets.
6418:
5746:
5327:
1005:
was listed as both an Alaska carrier and a trunk, however, for the purposes of 1978 CAB statistics it was counted as an Alaska carrier.
399:
first spurred in February 1975 with a proposal to abolish the CAB altogether. In the late 1970s, during the administration of President
320:
Airlines had no ability to make competitive decisions, absent CAB approval, on choice of route or fare charged on any particular route.
6251:
6239:
6227:
6095:
6059:
5963:
2942:
2913:
5411:
4968:
425:
117:
668:
The first split was between scheduled and non-scheduled (charter carriers). The CAB referred to non-scheduled carriers, in 1978, as
5868:
5698:
5171:
4745:
590:) changed. Instead of Part 45, such uncertificated carriers were moved to being regulated under Part 42. They then became known as
17:
175:
171:
150:
130:
6191:
6083:
5135:
5016:
4727:- Includes air accident reports and other materials from the CAB, Air Safety Board, and Bureau of Air Commerce, dating to 1934
3351:
3631:
3603:
3553:
3482:
3418:
3383:
2843:
6011:
5566:
5375:
5363:
3028:
3450:
6430:
6394:
6334:
6299:
6287:
6215:
5590:
5578:
5147:
5123:
5040:
4980:
4427:. "office hours at the Board's Docket Section. Room 711, Universal Building, 1825 Connecticut Avenue NW., Washington, D.C."
3077:
2973:"Franklin D. Roosevelt: "Statement on the Civil Aeronautics Authority Under the New Reorganization Plans.," April 30, 1940"
2546:
407:(who had specialized in regulatory economics, having written one of the standard texts and previously been chairman of the
389:
219:
202:
109:
2972:
5770:
5351:
6549:
6346:
6275:
6179:
6023:
5999:
5987:
5975:
5951:
5916:
5638:
5387:
5195:
4872:
4860:
408:
3524:
6203:
5315:
5303:
5243:
5052:
4812:
2954:
2921:
6382:
6246:
6143:
6047:
5542:
5447:
5267:
5255:
5183:
4843:
4768:
1019:
1978 CAB Scheduled Air Carriers, Certificate Types & Dates, Revenues, Subsidies, Select Statistics & Fleet
742:
716:
420:
2492:
The agency had moved there by May 1959. Previously it had been headquartered in the Commerce Building (a.k.a. the
6573:
5686:
5064:
4920:
4564:
4491:
3277:
3006:
536:
466:
215:
101:
6353:
5602:
5028:
4908:
4896:
4544:
3784:
3126:
3058:
2574:
876:
Scheduled carriers were split between domestic and international. Two carriers were exclusively international:
6671:
5820:
5722:
5710:
5530:
5506:
5494:
5459:
5435:
5399:
5339:
5219:
5111:
5099:
4884:
4730:
3659:
2530:
1554:
1247:
958:
836:
698:
603:
476:(at that time a commuter carrier) to fly propeller aircraft up to 44 seats to expand service in New England.
4478:. "Material available for the most part at the Civil Aeronautics Board, Commerce Building, Washington, D.C."
6294:
5662:
5518:
5207:
1777:
797:
627:
587:
547:
2595:
4737:
2493:
777:
342:
316:
airlines flying "small" aircraft in scheduled service (thereby birthing the commuter airline business).
198:
4560:
3078:"Economist Alfred Kahn, 'father of airline deregulation' and former presidential adviser, dies at 93,"
3002:
2566:
765:
618:
419:
movement, and its dissolution was one of the most conspicuous pioneering events of the movement. The
396:
375:
622:
Nomads was one of the longest lasting air travel clubs, incorporated in 1965 and liquidated in 2011.
37:
6425:
6270:
670:
3451:"M & R Investment Company, Inc., d.b.a. Dunes Hotel and Casino et al., Enforcement Proceeding"
416:
4408:
2531:"Non-Skeds: The Story of America's Supplemental Airlines, Part 1: Industry in the United States,"
2389:
1696:
1084:
885:
807:
580:
382:
211:
4519:
4450:
2617:
2465:(10) CAB shows no intl certificate, but Airlift had 1978 intl revenue, and "intl" is in the name
5994:
2608:
1926:
1632:
931:, etc, all with origins going back to the 1920s and 1930s. For a summary, see the table below.
636:
4466:
National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Latin American Anthropology, Alexander Lesser.
4424:
3130:
2958:
2925:
6222:
4475:
4454:
3271:
2603:
2480:
The Universal South Building at 1825 Connecticut Avenue NW. once housed the CAB headquarters.
2329:
1140:
940:
5442:
3968:
1351:
928:
881:
754:
640:
606:(ZIA), which started in 1972 as a Part 121 commercial operator, uncertificated by the CAB.
575:
440:
The CAB regulated almost all air transportation in the US, but there were some exceptions.
3100:
8:
6258:
5958:
5681:
3258:. Washington, DC: U.S. General Printing Office: 525–544. September 1971 – February 1972.
2885:
644:
429:
356:
6066:
5758:
4471:
3774:
3610:. 65 Part 1. Washington, DC: U.S. General Printing Office: 722–782. June–October 1974.
3489:. 70 Part 2. Washington, DC: U.S. General Printing Office: 1540–1647. March–June 1976.
2717:
2560:
1519:
1279:
950:
522:
469:
operational/safety certification but were otherwise able to fly wherever they pleased.
201:, where the agency was initially headquartered. The building was (and is) home to the
4677:
4657:
4637:
4617:
4597:
4577:
4540:
4534:
4446:
3780:
3721:
3676:
3638:. 67 Part 1. Washington, DC: U.S. General Printing Office: 132–208. April–July 1975.
3122:
3082:
3054:
3048:
3024:
2950:
2917:
2723:
2613:
2570:
2359:
2052:
1703:
1422:
1211:
1053:
924:
813:
360:
179:
3198:. Washington, DC: U.S. General Printing Office: 273–285. December 1966 – June 1967.
2875:
182:
service) and conducted air accident investigations. The agency was headquartered in
6544:
6437:
6365:
4681:
4661:
4641:
4621:
4601:
4581:
3994:
3990:
3923:
3919:
3759:
3755:
3698:
3667:
3644:
3639:
3616:
3611:
3570:
3565:
3495:
3490:
3467:
3462:
3435:
3430:
3400:
3395:
3363:
3337:
3333:
3307:
3303:
3263:
3259:
3233:
3229:
3203:
3199:
3159:
3155:
2880:
2850:
2801:
2713:
2639:
2635:
2604:"Jimmy Carter, Alfred Kahn, and Airline Deregulation: Anatomy of a Policy Success,"
2489:
2276:
1770:
1740:
1383:
920:
911:
Domestic had many subcategories. The original CAB scheduled carriers were known as
496:
462:
226:
183:
140:
4710:
4698:
4686:
4666:
4646:
4626:
4606:
4586:
3720:. Dulles Intl Airport, Virginia: The Green Hills Publishing Company. p. 107.
3332:(2). Washington, DC: U.S. General Printing Office: 1207–1361. July–November 1976.
2425:(2) Earliest awarded certificate. Each attribute had a separate certification date
415:, and was appointed CAB Chairman), the CAB continued to be the focus of the early
4441:
3986:
3911:
3751:
3702:
3590:
3394:. Washington, DC: U.S. General Printing Office: 600. August 1964 – January 1965.
3321:
3291:
3247:
3217:
3187:
3143:
2800:. Washington, DC: U.S. General Printing Office: 1049–1059. July 1944 – May 1946.
2631:
2537:
2227:
2142:
1993:
1963:
1834:
1666:
1199:
1172:
1104:
1002:
945:
After World War II, the CAB certificated a second set of scheduled carriers, the
571:
502:
473:
364:
4468:
Survey of Research on Latin America by United States Scientists and Institutions
643:, unsuccessfully appealed to the federal courts. The chief pilot of Voyager was
6329:
6018:
5911:
5561:
4515:
3694:
3429:. Washington, DC: U.S. General Printing Office: 139–168. April–September 1962.
3362:. Washington, DC: U.S. General Printing Office: 139–168. April–September 1962.
3302:(1). Washington, DC: U.S. General Printing Office: 220–460. June–October 1974.
3228:. Washington, DC: U.S. General Printing Office: 579–609. August–November 1969.
3154:. Washington, DC: U.S. General Printing Office: 142–194. August–December 1972.
3044:
2980:
2889:
2599:
2302:
2197:
2020:
1952:
1625:
1595:
1474:
877:
731:
574:- in other words, they did not hold themselves out to the public as a carrier.
412:
404:
392:(NTSB) was established in 1967, taking over air accident investigation duties.
3987:
Supplement to the Handbook of Airline Statistics: Calendar Years 1977 and 1978
3021:
An Ordinary Man: The Surprising Life and Historic Presidency of Gerald R. Ford
2440:(5) Available Seat Miles, an ASM is one seat available for sale flown one mile
6640:
6556:
6401:
6282:
3680:
3564:. Washington, DC: U.S. General Printing Office: 252–282. January–April 1973.
3509:
3368:
2849:. 52 Stat. 973 ~ Senate Bill 3845. Legis★Works. June 23, 1938. Archived from
2485:
906:
821:
484:
458:
337:
4411:. "Civil Aeronautics Board, 1825 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C."
3172:
5430:
5346:
5011:
4527:
2541:
2476:
1956:
1807:
1203:
1131:
848:
790:
786:
735:
726:
708:
648:
490:
400:
287:
This could also work, on occasion, to shield airlines from anti-trust laws.
4533:
McCraw, Thomas K. (1984). "Chapter Seven: Kahn and the Economist's Hour".
6413:
6234:
6210:
6078:
5875:
5753:
5322:
5226:
5035:
4831:
4767:
3461:. Washington, DC: U.S. General Printing Office: 1–23. February–May 1961.
3352:"Zantop Air Transport, Inc., and Coastal Air Lines, Certificate Transfer"
2108:
1584:
1238:
1092:
508:
457:. Confusingly, "air taxi" was also the term by which the CAB referred to
299:. The Act authorized the Board to investigate and correct such behavior.
6174:
6150:
6102:
6030:
5741:
5717:
5705:
5501:
5454:
5394:
5214:
5118:
5106:
4715:
4703:
4691:
4671:
4651:
4631:
4611:
4591:
3985:"Part III. Traffic Statistics of the Certificated Route Air Carriers".
2135:
2081:
1733:
1592:
1410:
1088:
1080:
954:
632:
350:
4987:
2630:
Bailey, Elizabeth E.; Graham, David R.; Kaplan, Daniel P. (May 1983).
583:
regulated the operations/safety of such non-common carrier operators.
6616:
6472:
6341:
6186:
6114:
5633:
5370:
5358:
5166:
5142:
3918:. 68, Part 1. Civil Aeronautics Board: 312–343. August–October 1975.
2946:
197:
An image of an aircraft, representing aeronautical functions, at the
218:(DOT), had a bigger impact on the CAB. The 1966 Act established the
6580:
6520:
6126:
6054:
5970:
5946:
5839:
5803:
5406:
5310:
5286:
5274:
5262:
5047:
4867:
4807:
4526:
by libertarian website "Library of Economics & Liberty" of the
3779:. Hounslow (UK): Airline Publications and Sales. pp. 214–215.
2941:(Southern Illinois University Press series in aviation management,
2722:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 131.
2594:
Brown, John Howard (assoc. prof., Dept of Finance & Economics,
1546:
329:
minimum adequate service, e.g. often two flights/day, in a market.
230:
3989:(Report). Civil Aeronautics Board. November 1979. pp. 12–27.
3754:(Report). Civil Aeronautics Board. December 1979. pp. 91–93.
6604:
6532:
6484:
6138:
6090:
5982:
5899:
5669:
5657:
5621:
5597:
5585:
5573:
5537:
5525:
5513:
5489:
5238:
5094:
5059:
4999:
4975:
4963:
4951:
4927:
4819:
4795:
2824:
2746:
374:
The first air accident investigation led by the CAB was the 1940
3725:
3525:"FAA Historical Chronology, 1926–1996: item for 14 October 1968"
3101:"Alfred E. Kahn Dies at 93; Prime Mover of Airline Deregulation"
2727:
2682:
2646:
2562:
Economic Regulation of Domestic Air Transport: Theory and Policy
866:(3) Listed by CAB as Airlines, but all other sources say Airways
6568:
6496:
6198:
6162:
6006:
5887:
5863:
5827:
5815:
5790:
5777:
5765:
5729:
5645:
5609:
5549:
5418:
5382:
5334:
5190:
4421:
The Code of Federal Regulations of the United States of America
1315:
889:
957:) was still smaller in revenue terms than the smallest trunk,
6508:
5851:
5693:
5298:
5250:
5202:
5154:
5130:
5023:
4915:
4903:
4891:
4879:
4855:
3952:
3950:
2770:
2758:
2484:
The agency had its headquarters in the Universal Building in
2169:
6682:
Defunct independent agencies of the United States government
6662:
Organizations investigating aviation accidents and incidents
3937:
3935:
3933:
2694:
2658:
586:
Over time, the Civil Aviation Regulations (subsequently the
6592:
6389:
6377:
6042:
5178:
4939:
552:
349:
The Civil Aeronautics Authority Act of 1938 superseded the
3947:
2979:. University of California - Santa Barbara. Archived from
570:, were airlines which escaped CAB regulation by not being
4265:
4217:
4193:
4157:
4145:
4133:
4121:
4109:
4097:
4085:
4073:
4061:
4049:
4037:
4025:
4013:
4001:
3930:
3868:
3844:
3793:
2970:
252:
An airline could not leave a market without CAB approval.
3834:
3832:
3695:
Annual Report: Fiscal Year 1977 and Transitional Quarter
3050:
The Economics of Regulation: Principles and Institutions
2670:
968:
6687:
Transportation government agencies of the United States
4724:
3892:
3880:
682:
1978 CAB Supplemental Air Carriers, Revenues and Fleet
174:, formed in 1938 and abolished in 1985, that regulated
4656:
Appendix Volume 2: Part 2: Questionnaires, Responses.
3384:"Intercontinental, U.S., Inc., Enforcement Proceeding"
2812:
4385:
4373:
4361:
4349:
4337:
4325:
4313:
4301:
4289:
4277:
4253:
4241:
4229:
4205:
4181:
4169:
3856:
3829:
3817:
3805:
3732:
270:
encompassing more general concepts of common control.
3094:
3092:
3072:
3070:
2734:
2445:(6) Average seats per flight weighted by miles flown
888:. One carrier was almost exclusively international:
435:
3632:"Aeronauts International Travel Club, Enforcement"
3133:(a part of the "Civil Aeronautics Board" section).
6667:Aviation organizations based in the United States
3089:
3067:
2559:Douglas, George W.; Miller, James C. III (1974).
639:and some piston aircraft and its own terminal at
562:, known by a variety of names over time, such as
403:, and under the guidance of his economic advisor
6638:
4435:
4433:
205:, which regulated airlines prior to the 1938 Act
2632:Deregulating the Airlines: An Economic Analysis
2506:United States government role in civil aviation
4731:Investigations of Aircraft Accidents 1934-1965
2884:. Scranton, PA. February 7, 1964. pp. 3,
2830:
2776:
2764:
2752:
2700:
2688:
2664:
2652:
2634:(Report). Civil Aeronautics Board. p. 7.
2558:
1008:
367:, Director of the Bureau of Safety, circa 1966
4753:
4430:
3916:Economic Cases of the Civil Aeronautics Board
3912:"Mays Revocation/Munz Northern Certification"
3697:(Report). Civil Aeronautics Board. May 1978.
3218:"TAG Airlines, Cleveland-Detroit Certificate"
2910:The United States Government Manual 2009-2010
2876:"Col. L. H. Watres, 82, World War Hero, Dies"
2844:"Civil Aeronautics Act of 1938 ~ P.L. 75-706"
2590:
2588:
2586:
2545:, vol. 64, no.4 (Winter 2019) journal of the
2435:(4) USD mm, included within operating revenue
1377:11 B747, 28 L-1011, 94 B707, 80 B727, 14 DC-9
4423:. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1964. p.
4405:United States International Trade Commission
3969:Air Transport Association 1979 Annual Report
2905:
2903:
2901:
2899:
2790:"Investigation of Nonscheduled Air Services"
871:
602:. A prominent example of such a carrier was
6657:1985 disestablishments in the United States
4636:Appendix Volume 1: Part 1: Questionnaires.
4539:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press.
3980:
3978:
3976:
3099:Hershy Jr., Robert D. (December 28, 2010).
2525:
2523:
2521:
663:
4760:
4746:
4708:Appendix Volume 5: Part 4: CAB Materials.
4696:Appendix Volume 4: Part 3: CAB Materials.
3956:
3898:
3886:
3750:
3419:"DOD Contract-Eligible Certification Case"
3174:CAB Authorizes Prop Aircraft for N.E. Line
3098:
2943:Southern Illinois University at Carbondale
2583:
542:
449:originally known as "air taxis", later as
27:US federal airline regulator, 1939 to 1985
3715:
3643:
3615:
3569:
3494:
3466:
3434:
3399:
3367:
3043:
2896:
2549:, excerpt online, retrieved April 8, 2020
1409:18 B747, 42 DC-10, 56 DC-8, 125 B727, 59
6652:1938 establishments in the United States
3973:
3604:"Club International et al., Enforcement"
2818:
2676:
2629:
2518:
2475:
934:
617:
546:
355:
336:
192:
6677:Organizations based in Washington, D.C.
6647:Government agencies established in 1938
973:Other CAB domestic categories included
172:federal government of the United States
151:Federal government of the United States
14:
6639:
4676:Appendix Volume 3: Part 2: Responses.
4561:Records of the Civil Aeronautics Board
4532:
4391:
4379:
4367:
4355:
4343:
4331:
4319:
4307:
4295:
4283:
4271:
4259:
4247:
4235:
4223:
4211:
4199:
4187:
4175:
4163:
4151:
4139:
4127:
4115:
4103:
4091:
4079:
4067:
4055:
4043:
4031:
4019:
4007:
3941:
3874:
3862:
3850:
3838:
3823:
3811:
3799:
3772:
3738:
3693:
3586:Voyager 1000 v. C.A.B. (cert den 1974)
3413:
3411:
3322:"Air Midwest Certification Proceeding"
3023:. New York: Harper. pp. 548–551.
3003:Records of the Civil Aeronautics Board
647:, who left to found what later became
551:Part 45 carrier Golden State Airlines
516:
345:, where the CAB was once headquartered
6459:
6316:
5933:
5476:
5081:
4782:
4741:
4524:The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics
3511:Nomads travel club files to liquidate
3144:"Part 298 Weight Limit Investigation"
3018:
2740:
2712:
969:Other domestic certificate categories
965:carrier operating profits that year.
674:. Prior to 1955, the CAB called them
654:
3984:
3188:"Denver-Aspen Service Investigation"
3176:, Fitchburg Sentinel, April 23, 1971
2868:
2547:American Aviation Historical Society
1892:12 assorted piston-powered aircraft
390:National Transportation Safety Board
381:Some duties were transferred to the
220:National Transportation Safety Board
110:National Transportation Safety Board
3408:
3292:"New England Service Investigation"
2455:(8) Included in Continental revenue
847:, 16 Lockheed Electra, 11 DC-6, 14
613:
411:, the body regulating utilities in
42:Seal of the Civil Aeronautics Board
24:
4509:
3513:, Detroit Free Press, 2 March 2011
3009:. Retrieved on September 16, 2014.
1921:17 small piston-powered aircraft
409:New York Public Service Commission
25:
6698:
6460:
5934:
4554:
3534:. Federal Aviation Administration
2971:Gerhard Peters; John T. Woolley.
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
864:
859:
854:
436:Airlines not regulated by the CAB
6615:
6603:
6591:
6579:
6567:
6555:
6543:
6531:
6519:
6507:
6495:
6483:
6471:
6436:
6424:
6412:
6400:
6388:
6376:
6364:
6352:
6340:
6328:
6293:
6281:
6269:
6257:
6245:
6233:
6221:
6209:
6197:
6185:
6173:
6161:
6149:
6137:
6125:
6113:
6101:
6089:
6077:
6065:
6053:
6041:
6029:
6017:
6005:
5993:
5981:
5969:
5957:
5945:
5910:
5898:
5886:
5874:
5862:
5850:
5838:
5826:
5814:
5802:
5789:
5776:
5764:
5752:
5740:
5728:
5716:
5704:
5692:
5680:
5668:
5656:
5644:
5632:
5620:
5608:
5596:
5584:
5572:
5560:
5548:
5536:
5524:
5512:
5500:
5488:
5453:
5441:
5429:
5417:
5405:
5393:
5381:
5369:
5357:
5345:
5333:
5321:
5309:
5297:
5285:
5273:
5261:
5249:
5237:
5225:
5213:
5201:
5189:
5177:
5165:
5153:
5141:
5129:
5117:
5105:
5093:
5058:
5046:
5034:
5022:
5010:
4998:
4986:
4974:
4962:
4950:
4938:
4926:
4914:
4902:
4890:
4878:
4866:
4854:
4842:
4830:
4818:
4806:
4794:
4481:
4460:
4414:
4397:
3752:Air Carrier Financial Statistics
3718:CAB--The Civil Aeronautics Board
3483:"Automotive Cargo Investigation"
2719:Air Transport and its Regulators
2420:(1) Airline name per CAB in 1978
1048:Fleet (bold text indicates jet)
900:
743:McCulloch International Airlines
717:Evergreen International Airlines
693:Fleet (bold indicates jet type)
421:Airline Deregulation Act of 1978
363:(Right), Chair of the Board and
225:While CAB regulation suppressed
36:
4725:National Transportation Library
4565:United States National Archives
4492:U.S. Government Printing Office
3962:
3904:
3766:
3744:
3709:
3687:
3652:
3636:Civil Aeronautics Board Reports
3624:
3608:Civil Aeronautics Board Reports
3596:
3578:
3558:Civil Aeronautics Board Reports
3546:
3517:
3503:
3487:Civil Aeronautics Board Reports
3475:
3455:Civil Aeronautics Board Reports
3443:
3423:Civil Aeronautics Board Reports
3388:Civil Aeronautics Board Reports
3376:
3356:Civil Aeronautics Board Reports
3344:
3326:Civil Aeronautics Board Reports
3314:
3296:Civil Aeronautics Board Reports
3284:
3252:Civil Aeronautics Board Reports
3240:
3222:Civil Aeronautics Board Reports
3210:
3192:Civil Aeronautics Board Reports
3180:
3166:
3148:Civil Aeronautics Board Reports
3136:
3111:
3037:
3012:
3007:United States National Archives
2995:
2977:The American Presidency Project
2964:
2931:
2836:
2794:Civil Aeronautics Board Reports
2782:
2706:
856:(1) Out of business by year end
537:Federal Aviation Administration
467:Federal Aviation Administration
323:
216:US Department of Transportation
102:Federal Aviation Administration
4769:Aviation accident and incident
3675:(198): 67216. 9 October 1980.
3019:Smith, Richard Norton (2023).
2623:
2552:
2460:(9) Rounds to 0.00 in billions
1868:Kodiak-Western Alaska Airlines
428:except for a few going to the
13:
1:
3554:"Voyager et al., Enforcement"
2939:Air Transport Labor Relations
2511:
837:Zantop International Airlines
699:Capitol International Airways
604:Zantop International Airlines
596:Part 121 commercial operators
539:just like any other carrier.
297:Misleading business practices
4445:. May 1959. Vol. 64, No. 5.
1778:Texas International Airlines
798:Trans International Airlines
628:Federal Aviation Regulations
588:Federal Aviation Regulations
443:
7:
6317:
3276:: CS1 maint: date format (
2596:Georgia Southern University
2499:
2450:(7) Average flight distance
1009:1978 CAB scheduled carriers
997:. Historically there was a
778:Rich International Airlines
426:Secretary of Transportation
118:Secretary of Transportation
10:
6703:
5477:
4783:
4716:HathiTrust Digital Library
4704:HathiTrust Digital Library
4692:HathiTrust Digital Library
4672:HathiTrust Digital Library
4652:HathiTrust Digital Library
4632:HathiTrust Digital Library
4612:HathiTrust Digital Library
4592:HathiTrust Digital Library
3773:Endres, Günter G. (1979).
3716:Burkhardt, Robert (1974).
3248:"Reopened TAG-Wright Case"
2914:Government Printing Office
2494:Herbert C. Hoover Building
2471:
1316:Pan American World Airways
1305:15 B747, 22 DC-10, 62 B727
938:
904:
520:
343:Herbert C. Hoover Building
332:
276:Interlocking relationships
199:Herbert C. Hoover Building
6466:
6455:
6323:
6312:
5940:
5929:
5483:
5472:
5088:
5077:
4789:
4778:
3776:World Airline Fleets 1979
3593: (7th Cir. 1973).
3086:, retrieved April 9, 2020
2567:The Brookings Institution
2388:
2358:
2328:
2275:
2226:
2196:
2141:
2107:
2051:
2019:
1962:
1925:
1896:
1866:
1833:
1776:
1739:
1702:
1665:
1631:
1590:
1553:
1518:
1473:
1448:9 DC-10, 12 B707, 62 B727
1421:
1382:
1350:
1341:38 B747, 38 B707, 15 B727
1314:
1278:
1246:
1210:
1171:
1139:
1103:
1052:
872:International air carrier
835:
820:
796:
776:
766:Overseas National Airways
764:
753:
741:
715:
697:
671:supplemental air carriers
376:Lovettsville air disaster
188:
146:
136:
126:
94:
86:
60:
52:
47:
35:
5082:
2080:, 5 Lockheed Electra; 1
1202:, 23 DC-8, 110 B727, 52
664:Supplemental air carrier
236:CAB authority included:
18:Supplemental air carrier
4616:Volume 3: Testimonies.
4596:Volume 2: Testimonies.
4576:Volume 1: Testimonies.
4488:Civil aeronautics board
3995:2027/osu.32435025695669
3924:2027/osu.32437011658156
3760:2027/osu.32435022510978
3645:2027/osu.32437011658255
3617:2027/osu.32437011658453
3571:2027/osu.32437011658651
3496:2027/osu.32437011657901
3468:2027/osu.32437011657570
3436:2027/osu.32437011657653
3401:2027/osu.32437011658412
3338:2027/osu.32437011657802
3308:2027/osu.32437011658453
3264:2027/osu.32437011657562
3234:2027/osu.32435022360226
3204:2027/osu.32437011658164
3160:2027/mdp.39015007658480
2806:2027/osu.32437011657786
2640:2027/ien.35556021337282
2413:3 B747, 2 DC-10, 5 DC-8
953:(soon to rename itself
581:Federal Aviation Agency
560:Uncertificated carriers
543:Uncertificated carriers
383:Federal Aviation Agency
284:Inter-carrier agreement
212:Federal Aviation Agency
160:Civil Aeronautics Board
131:U.S. federal government
31:Civil Aeronautics Board
4772:investigation agencies
4536:Prophets of Regulation
3121:. Kendall Hunt, 2003.
2609:The Independent Review
2481:
2134:5 Swearingen Metro, 1
1992:, 2 FH-227, 1 F-27, 1
1927:Reeve Aleutian Airways
1898:Munz Northern Airlines
1633:North Central Airlines
947:local service carriers
676:irregular air carriers
623:
556:
368:
346:
206:
203:Department of Commerce
70:Bureau of Air Commerce
3703:2027/pst.000067708109
2602:, last CAB Chairman)
2569:. pp. 188, 192.
2479:
2330:Airlift International
1545:10 B727, 45 DC-9, 30
1141:Continental Air Lines
941:local service carrier
935:Local service carrier
861:(2) Service suspended
816:, 9 Lockheed Electra
621:
550:
359:
340:
196:
178:(including scheduled
6672:Aviation authorities
4520:Airline Deregulation
3591:489 F.2d 792
3129:, 9780787288815. p.
2916:, October 30, 2009.
2856:on November 20, 2015
2529:Stringer, David H.,
2364:domestic/intl cargo
1352:Trans World Airlines
884:) and cargo carrier
882:Continental Airlines
755:Modern Air Transport
690:Op revenue (USD mm)
641:Indianapolis Airport
600:commercial operators
576:Zantop Air Transport
95:Superseding agencies
3080:December 27, 2010,
3053:. New York: Wiley.
2983:on October 17, 2017
2831:Douglas-Miller 1974
2777:Douglas-Miller 1974
2765:Douglas-Miller 1974
2753:Douglas-Miller 1974
2701:Douglas-Miller 1974
2689:Douglas-Miller 1974
2665:Douglas-Miller 1974
2653:Douglas-Miller 1974
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
1241:, 127 B727, 75 DC-9
1020:
868:
863:
858:
683:
517:Intrastate airlines
430:U.S. Postal Service
90:1985 (39 years ago)
32:
4472:National Academies
4274:, p. 295–296.
4226:, p. 278–279.
4202:, p. 259–260.
4166:, p. 240–241.
4154:, p. 234–236.
4142:, p. 201–202.
4130:, p. 293–295.
4118:, p. 286–291.
4106:, p. 282–285.
4094:, p. 256–258.
4082:, p. 253–254.
4070:, p. 249–250.
4058:, p. 227–229.
4046:, p. 224–226.
4034:, p. 221–222.
4022:, p. 211–213.
4010:, p. 204–206.
3944:, p. 154–155.
3877:, p. 296–297.
3853:, p. 280–281.
3802:, p. 230–231.
3119:Air Transportation
2833:, p. 202–203.
2755:, p. 201–202.
2691:, p. 200–201.
2655:, p. 199–200.
2612:, vol. 19, no. 1,
2598:) (with credit to
2565:. Washington, DC:
2536:2022-01-15 at the
2482:
1955:, 2 NAMC YS-11, 2
1520:Allegheny Airlines
1280:Northwest Airlines
1045:Stage length (mi)
1018:
913:trunkline carriers
681:
655:Airline categories
624:
557:
529:intrastate airline
523:Intrastate airline
369:
347:
293:Unfair competition
207:
73:Bureau of Air Mail
67:Aeronautics Branch
61:Preceding agencies
30:
6634:
6633:
6630:
6629:
6451:
6450:
6308:
6307:
5925:
5924:
5468:
5467:
5073:
5072:
3369:2027/uc1.b2938527
3083:Cornell Chronicle
3030:978-0-06-268416-5
2714:Caves, Richard E.
2468:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2417:
2053:Hawaiian Airlines
1704:Piedmont Airlines
1555:Frontier Airlines
1423:Western Air Lines
1320:intl/trunk/AK/HI
1273:15 DC-10, 38 B727
1248:National Airlines
1212:Eastern Air Lines
1166:15 DC-10, 51 B727
1054:American Airlines
1030:Certificate year
1027:Certificate type
880:(a subsidiary of
869:
867:
862:
857:
853:
814:Lockheed L-100-30
637:Lockheed Electras
564:contract carriers
455:Part 298 carriers
451:commuter airlines
361:Charles S. Murphy
180:passenger airline
176:aviation services
156:
155:
114:
106:
79:
76:Air Safety Board
16:(Redirected from
6694:
6620:
6619:
6608:
6607:
6596:
6595:
6584:
6583:
6572:
6571:
6560:
6559:
6548:
6547:
6536:
6535:
6524:
6523:
6512:
6511:
6500:
6499:
6488:
6487:
6476:
6475:
6457:
6456:
6441:
6440:
6429:
6428:
6417:
6416:
6405:
6404:
6393:
6392:
6381:
6380:
6369:
6368:
6357:
6356:
6345:
6344:
6333:
6332:
6314:
6313:
6298:
6297:
6286:
6285:
6274:
6273:
6262:
6261:
6250:
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5867:
5866:
5855:
5854:
5843:
5842:
5831:
5830:
5819:
5818:
5807:
5806:
5798:(state/military)
5794:
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4780:
4779:
4762:
4755:
4748:
4739:
4738:
4713:
4701:
4689:
4682:Internet Archive
4669:
4662:Internet Archive
4649:
4642:Internet Archive
4629:
4622:Internet Archive
4609:
4602:Internet Archive
4589:
4582:Internet Archive
4550:
4503:
4485:
4479:
4464:
4458:
4437:
4428:
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4395:
4389:
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3763:
3748:
3742:
3736:
3730:
3729:
3713:
3707:
3706:
3691:
3685:
3684:
3668:Federal Register
3664:
3656:
3650:
3649:
3647:
3628:
3622:
3621:
3619:
3600:
3594:
3588:
3582:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3550:
3544:
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3541:
3539:
3529:
3521:
3515:
3507:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3479:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3447:
3441:
3440:
3438:
3415:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3380:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3348:
3342:
3341:
3318:
3312:
3311:
3288:
3282:
3281:
3275:
3267:
3244:
3238:
3237:
3214:
3208:
3207:
3184:
3178:
3170:
3164:
3163:
3140:
3134:
3117:Kane, Robert M.
3115:
3109:
3108:
3096:
3087:
3074:
3065:
3064:
3041:
3035:
3034:
3016:
3010:
2999:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2988:
2968:
2962:
2937:Kaps, Robert W.
2935:
2929:
2907:
2894:
2893:
2881:Scranton Tribune
2872:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2861:
2855:
2848:
2840:
2834:
2828:
2822:
2816:
2810:
2809:
2786:
2780:
2774:
2768:
2762:
2756:
2750:
2744:
2738:
2732:
2731:
2710:
2704:
2698:
2692:
2686:
2680:
2679:, p. 13–14.
2674:
2668:
2662:
2656:
2650:
2644:
2643:
2627:
2621:
2592:
2581:
2580:
2556:
2550:
2527:
2490:Washington, D.C.
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2277:New York Airways
1953:Lockheed Electra
1771:Swearingen Metro
1741:Southern Airways
1591:Hughes Air Corp
1384:United Air Lines
1042:Avg Seats/ Mile
1039:Sched ASMs (bn)
1021:
1017:
921:United Air Lines
865:
860:
855:
732:Lockheed Electra
684:
680:
645:George Mikelsons
614:Air travel clubs
592:Part 42 carriers
568:Part 45 carriers
497:Wright Air Lines
463:Wright Air Lines
227:free competition
184:Washington, D.C.
141:Washington, D.C.
112:
104:
77:
40:
33:
29:
21:
6702:
6701:
6697:
6696:
6695:
6693:
6692:
6691:
6637:
6636:
6635:
6626:
6614:
6602:
6590:
6578:
6566:
6554:
6542:
6530:
6518:
6506:
6494:
6482:
6470:
6462:
6447:
6435:
6423:
6411:
6399:
6387:
6375:
6363:
6351:
6339:
6327:
6319:
6304:
6292:
6280:
6268:
6256:
6244:
6232:
6220:
6208:
6196:
6184:
6172:
6160:
6148:
6136:
6124:
6112:
6100:
6088:
6076:
6064:
6052:
6040:
6028:
6016:
6004:
5992:
5980:
5968:
5956:
5944:
5936:
5921:
5909:
5897:
5885:
5873:
5861:
5849:
5837:
5825:
5813:
5801:
5788:
5775:
5763:
5751:
5739:
5727:
5715:
5703:
5691:
5679:
5667:
5655:
5643:
5631:
5619:
5607:
5595:
5583:
5571:
5559:
5547:
5535:
5523:
5511:
5499:
5487:
5479:
5464:
5452:
5440:
5428:
5416:
5404:
5392:
5380:
5368:
5356:
5344:
5332:
5320:
5308:
5296:
5284:
5272:
5260:
5248:
5236:
5224:
5212:
5200:
5188:
5176:
5164:
5152:
5140:
5128:
5116:
5104:
5092:
5084:
5069:
5057:
5045:
5033:
5021:
5009:
4997:
4985:
4973:
4961:
4949:
4937:
4925:
4913:
4901:
4889:
4877:
4865:
4853:
4841:
4829:
4817:
4805:
4793:
4785:
4774:
4766:
4709:
4697:
4685:
4665:
4645:
4625:
4605:
4585:
4557:
4547:
4516:Kahn, Alfred E.
4512:
4510:Further reading
4507:
4506:
4500:See search page
4486:
4482:
4465:
4461:
4442:Flying Magazine
4439:"Briefings..."
4438:
4431:
4419:
4415:
4402:
4398:
4390:
4386:
4378:
4374:
4366:
4362:
4354:
4350:
4342:
4338:
4330:
4326:
4318:
4314:
4306:
4302:
4294:
4290:
4282:
4278:
4270:
4266:
4258:
4254:
4246:
4242:
4234:
4230:
4222:
4218:
4210:
4206:
4198:
4194:
4186:
4182:
4174:
4170:
4162:
4158:
4150:
4146:
4138:
4134:
4126:
4122:
4114:
4110:
4102:
4098:
4090:
4086:
4078:
4074:
4066:
4062:
4054:
4050:
4042:
4038:
4030:
4026:
4018:
4014:
4006:
4002:
3983:
3974:
3967:
3963:
3959:, p. 1–58.
3957:Financials 1979
3955:
3948:
3940:
3931:
3910:
3909:
3905:
3899:Financials 1979
3897:
3893:
3887:Financials 1979
3885:
3881:
3873:
3869:
3861:
3857:
3849:
3845:
3837:
3830:
3822:
3818:
3810:
3806:
3798:
3794:
3787:
3771:
3767:
3749:
3745:
3737:
3733:
3714:
3710:
3692:
3688:
3662:
3658:
3657:
3653:
3630:
3629:
3625:
3602:
3601:
3597:
3584:
3583:
3579:
3552:
3551:
3547:
3537:
3535:
3527:
3523:
3522:
3518:
3508:
3504:
3481:
3480:
3476:
3449:
3448:
3444:
3417:
3416:
3409:
3382:
3381:
3377:
3350:
3349:
3345:
3320:
3319:
3315:
3290:
3289:
3285:
3269:
3268:
3246:
3245:
3241:
3216:
3215:
3211:
3186:
3185:
3181:
3171:
3167:
3142:
3141:
3137:
3116:
3112:
3097:
3090:
3076:Lang, Susan S.
3075:
3068:
3061:
3045:Kahn, Alfred E.
3042:
3038:
3031:
3017:
3013:
3000:
2996:
2986:
2984:
2969:
2965:
2936:
2932:
2908:
2897:
2874:
2873:
2869:
2859:
2857:
2853:
2846:
2842:
2841:
2837:
2829:
2825:
2817:
2813:
2788:
2787:
2783:
2775:
2771:
2763:
2759:
2751:
2747:
2739:
2735:
2711:
2707:
2699:
2695:
2687:
2683:
2675:
2671:
2663:
2659:
2651:
2647:
2628:
2624:
2593:
2584:
2577:
2557:
2553:
2538:Wayback Machine
2528:
2519:
2514:
2502:
2474:
2469:
2383:6 B747, 19 DC-8
2334:domestic cargo
2143:Air New England
1994:Grumman Mallard
1964:Wien Air Alaska
1835:Alaska Airlines
1782:local svc/intl
1745:local svc/intl
1730:6 B727, 27 B737
1667:Ozark Air Lines
1637:local svc/intl
1622:9 B727, 40 DC-9
1600:local svc/intl
1581:2 B727, 35 B737
1559:local svc/intl
1524:local svc/intl
1173:Delta Air Lines
1105:Braniff Airways
1011:
1003:Alaska Airlines
971:
943:
937:
909:
903:
874:
830:3 DC-10, 5 DC-8
666:
657:
616:
598:or simply just
572:common carriers
545:
525:
519:
514:
503:Air New England
474:Air New England
446:
438:
365:Bobbie R. Allen
335:
326:
191:
122:
82:
48:Agency overview
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6700:
6690:
6689:
6684:
6679:
6674:
6669:
6664:
6659:
6654:
6649:
6632:
6631:
6628:
6627:
6625:
6624:
6612:
6600:
6588:
6576:
6564:
6552:
6540:
6528:
6516:
6504:
6492:
6480:
6467:
6464:
6463:
6453:
6452:
6449:
6448:
6446:
6445:
6433:
6421:
6409:
6397:
6385:
6373:
6361:
6349:
6337:
6324:
6321:
6320:
6310:
6309:
6306:
6305:
6303:
6302:
6290:
6278:
6266:
6254:
6242:
6230:
6218:
6206:
6194:
6182:
6170:
6158:
6146:
6134:
6122:
6110:
6098:
6086:
6074:
6062:
6050:
6038:
6026:
6014:
6002:
5990:
5978:
5966:
5954:
5941:
5938:
5937:
5927:
5926:
5923:
5922:
5920:
5919:
5907:
5895:
5883:
5871:
5859:
5847:
5835:
5823:
5811:
5799:
5786:
5773:
5761:
5749:
5737:
5725:
5713:
5701:
5689:
5677:
5665:
5653:
5641:
5629:
5617:
5605:
5593:
5581:
5569:
5557:
5545:
5533:
5521:
5509:
5497:
5484:
5481:
5480:
5470:
5469:
5466:
5465:
5463:
5462:
5450:
5438:
5426:
5414:
5402:
5390:
5378:
5366:
5354:
5342:
5330:
5318:
5306:
5294:
5282:
5270:
5258:
5246:
5234:
5222:
5210:
5198:
5186:
5174:
5162:
5150:
5138:
5126:
5114:
5102:
5089:
5086:
5085:
5075:
5074:
5071:
5070:
5068:
5067:
5055:
5043:
5031:
5019:
5007:
4995:
4983:
4971:
4959:
4947:
4935:
4923:
4911:
4899:
4887:
4875:
4863:
4851:
4839:
4827:
4815:
4803:
4790:
4787:
4786:
4776:
4775:
4765:
4764:
4757:
4750:
4742:
4736:
4735:
4734:
4733:
4721:
4720:
4719:
4718:
4706:
4694:
4674:
4654:
4634:
4614:
4594:
4567:
4556:
4555:External links
4553:
4552:
4551:
4545:
4530:
4511:
4508:
4505:
4504:
4480:
4459:
4429:
4413:
4396:
4394:, p. 268.
4384:
4382:, p. 234.
4372:
4370:, p. 195.
4360:
4358:, p. 251.
4348:
4346:, p. 297.
4336:
4334:, p. 208.
4324:
4322:, p. 197.
4312:
4310:, p. 196.
4300:
4298:, p. 239.
4288:
4286:, p. 203.
4276:
4264:
4262:, p. 249.
4252:
4250:, p. 243.
4240:
4238:, p. 200.
4228:
4216:
4214:, p. 274.
4204:
4192:
4190:, p. 255.
4180:
4178:, p. 252.
4168:
4156:
4144:
4132:
4120:
4108:
4096:
4084:
4072:
4060:
4048:
4036:
4024:
4012:
4000:
3972:
3961:
3946:
3929:
3903:
3891:
3879:
3867:
3865:, p. 298.
3855:
3843:
3841:, p. 264.
3828:
3826:, p. 254.
3816:
3814:, p. 245.
3804:
3792:
3785:
3765:
3743:
3741:, p. 155.
3731:
3708:
3686:
3651:
3623:
3595:
3577:
3545:
3516:
3502:
3474:
3442:
3407:
3375:
3343:
3313:
3283:
3239:
3209:
3179:
3165:
3135:
3110:
3105:New York Times
3088:
3066:
3059:
3036:
3029:
3011:
2994:
2963:
2930:
2895:
2890:Newspapers.com
2867:
2835:
2823:
2811:
2781:
2779:, p. 198.
2769:
2767:, p. 202.
2757:
2745:
2743:, p. 132.
2733:
2705:
2703:, p. 201.
2693:
2681:
2669:
2667:, p. 200.
2657:
2645:
2622:
2582:
2575:
2551:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2508:
2501:
2498:
2473:
2470:
2416:
2415:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2386:
2385:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2353:8 DC-8, 1 B727
2350:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2303:Sikorsky S-61L
2299:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2266:
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2258:
2256:
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2241:
2239:
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2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2194:
2193:
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2189:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2166:
2163:
2160:
2157:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2139:
2138:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2021:Aloha Airlines
2017:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1864:
1863:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1737:
1736:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1663:
1662:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1596:Hughes Airwest
1588:
1587:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1475:Air Micronesia
1471:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1419:
1418:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1312:
1311:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1276:
1275:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1169:
1168:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1137:
1136:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1101:
1100:
1098:3 B747, 8 B707
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1050:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1016:
1010:
1007:
970:
967:
939:Main article:
936:
933:
905:Main article:
902:
899:
878:Air Micronesia
873:
870:
852:
851:
842:
839:
833:
832:
827:
824:
818:
817:
803:
800:
794:
793:
783:
780:
774:
773:
771:
768:
762:
761:
759:
757:
751:
750:
748:
745:
739:
738:
722:
719:
713:
712:
704:
701:
695:
694:
691:
688:
665:
662:
656:
653:
615:
612:
544:
541:
521:Main article:
518:
515:
513:
512:
506:
500:
494:
488:
481:
445:
442:
437:
434:
413:New York State
405:Alfred E. Kahn
334:
331:
325:
322:
318:
317:
309:
308:
301:
300:
289:
288:
280:
279:
272:
271:
263:
262:
254:
253:
246:
245:
190:
187:
154:
153:
148:
144:
143:
138:
134:
133:
128:
124:
123:
121:
120:
115:
107:
98:
96:
92:
91:
88:
84:
83:
81:
80:
74:
71:
68:
64:
62:
58:
57:
54:
50:
49:
45:
44:
41:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6699:
6688:
6685:
6683:
6680:
6678:
6675:
6673:
6670:
6668:
6665:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6655:
6653:
6650:
6648:
6645:
6644:
6642:
6623:
6618:
6613:
6611:
6606:
6601:
6599:
6594:
6589:
6587:
6582:
6577:
6575:
6570:
6565:
6563:
6558:
6553:
6551:
6546:
6541:
6539:
6534:
6529:
6527:
6522:
6517:
6515:
6510:
6505:
6503:
6498:
6493:
6491:
6486:
6481:
6479:
6474:
6469:
6468:
6465:
6461:South America
6458:
6454:
6444:
6439:
6434:
6432:
6427:
6422:
6420:
6415:
6410:
6408:
6403:
6398:
6396:
6391:
6386:
6384:
6379:
6374:
6372:
6367:
6362:
6360:
6355:
6350:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6336:
6331:
6326:
6325:
6322:
6315:
6311:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6289:
6284:
6279:
6277:
6272:
6267:
6265:
6260:
6255:
6253:
6248:
6243:
6241:
6236:
6231:
6229:
6224:
6219:
6217:
6212:
6207:
6205:
6200:
6195:
6193:
6188:
6183:
6181:
6176:
6171:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6157:
6152:
6147:
6145:
6140:
6135:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6121:
6116:
6111:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6085:
6080:
6075:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6025:
6020:
6015:
6013:
6008:
6003:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5965:
5960:
5955:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5942:
5939:
5935:North America
5932:
5928:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5894:
5889:
5884:
5882:
5877:
5872:
5870:
5865:
5860:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5822:
5817:
5812:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5676:
5671:
5666:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5616:
5611:
5606:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5485:
5482:
5475:
5471:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5090:
5087:
5080:
5076:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4791:
4788:
4781:
4777:
4773:
4770:
4763:
4758:
4756:
4751:
4749:
4744:
4743:
4740:
4732:
4729:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4680: at the
4679:
4675:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4660: at the
4659:
4655:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4640: at the
4639:
4635:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4620: at the
4619:
4615:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4600: at the
4599:
4595:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4580: at the
4579:
4575:
4574:
4572:
4568:
4566:
4562:
4559:
4558:
4548:
4542:
4538:
4537:
4531:
4529:
4525:
4521:
4517:
4514:
4513:
4501:
4497:
4493:
4489:
4484:
4477:
4473:
4469:
4463:
4456:
4452:
4448:
4444:
4443:
4436:
4434:
4426:
4422:
4417:
4410:
4406:
4400:
4393:
4388:
4381:
4376:
4369:
4364:
4357:
4352:
4345:
4340:
4333:
4328:
4321:
4316:
4309:
4304:
4297:
4292:
4285:
4280:
4273:
4268:
4261:
4256:
4249:
4244:
4237:
4232:
4225:
4220:
4213:
4208:
4201:
4196:
4189:
4184:
4177:
4172:
4165:
4160:
4153:
4148:
4141:
4136:
4129:
4124:
4117:
4112:
4105:
4100:
4093:
4088:
4081:
4076:
4069:
4064:
4057:
4052:
4045:
4040:
4033:
4028:
4021:
4016:
4009:
4004:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3981:
3979:
3977:
3970:
3965:
3958:
3953:
3951:
3943:
3938:
3936:
3934:
3925:
3921:
3917:
3913:
3907:
3900:
3895:
3888:
3883:
3876:
3871:
3864:
3859:
3852:
3847:
3840:
3835:
3833:
3825:
3820:
3813:
3808:
3801:
3796:
3788:
3782:
3778:
3777:
3769:
3761:
3757:
3753:
3747:
3740:
3735:
3727:
3723:
3719:
3712:
3704:
3700:
3696:
3690:
3682:
3678:
3674:
3670:
3669:
3661:
3655:
3646:
3641:
3637:
3633:
3627:
3618:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3599:
3592:
3587:
3581:
3572:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3549:
3533:
3526:
3520:
3514:
3512:
3506:
3497:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3478:
3469:
3464:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3446:
3437:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3414:
3412:
3402:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3379:
3370:
3365:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3347:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3317:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3287:
3279:
3273:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3243:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3213:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3183:
3177:
3175:
3169:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3139:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3114:
3106:
3102:
3095:
3093:
3085:
3084:
3079:
3073:
3071:
3062:
3056:
3052:
3051:
3047:(1970–1971).
3046:
3040:
3032:
3026:
3022:
3015:
3008:
3004:
2998:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2967:
2960:
2956:
2955:9780809317769
2952:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2934:
2927:
2923:
2922:9780160839498
2919:
2915:
2911:
2906:
2904:
2902:
2900:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2882:
2877:
2871:
2852:
2845:
2839:
2832:
2827:
2821:, p. 14.
2820:
2819:BG&K 1983
2815:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2785:
2778:
2773:
2766:
2761:
2754:
2749:
2742:
2737:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2720:
2715:
2709:
2702:
2697:
2690:
2685:
2678:
2677:BG&K 1983
2673:
2666:
2661:
2654:
2649:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2626:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2610:
2606:Summer 2014,
2605:
2601:
2597:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2578:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2563:
2555:
2548:
2544:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2532:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2517:
2507:
2504:
2503:
2497:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2486:Dupont Circle
2478:
2414:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2357:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2308:
2307:
2304:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2175:
2171:
2168:8 FH-227, 10
2167:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2140:
2137:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2083:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2007:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1998:
1995:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1961:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1839:Alaska/trunk
1838:
1836:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1812:
1809:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1775:
1772:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1738:
1735:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1701:
1698:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1630:
1627:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1589:
1586:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1420:
1417:
1414:; freighters
1413:
1412:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1346:
1343:; freighters
1342:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1310:
1307:; freighters
1306:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:34 L-1011, 5
1235:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1102:
1099:
1096:; freighters
1095:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1015:
1006:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
975:intra-Alaskan
966:
962:
960:
956:
952:
948:
942:
932:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
908:
907:Trunk carrier
901:Trunk carrier
898:
896:
891:
887:
883:
879:
850:
846:
843:
840:
838:
834:
831:
828:
825:
823:
822:World Airways
819:
815:
811:
809:
804:
801:
799:
795:
792:
788:
784:
781:
779:
775:
772:
769:
767:
763:
760:
758:
756:
752:
749:
746:
744:
740:
737:
733:
729:
728:
723:
720:
718:
714:
711:
710:
705:
702:
700:
696:
692:
689:
686:
685:
679:
677:
673:
672:
661:
652:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
631:comprising a
629:
620:
611:
607:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
584:
582:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
554:
549:
540:
538:
532:
530:
524:
510:
507:
504:
501:
498:
495:
492:
489:
486:
485:Aspen Airways
483:
482:
480:
477:
475:
470:
468:
464:
460:
459:Aspen Airways
456:
452:
441:
433:
431:
427:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
393:
391:
386:
384:
379:
377:
372:
366:
362:
358:
354:
352:
344:
339:
330:
321:
314:
311:
310:
306:
303:
302:
298:
294:
291:
290:
285:
282:
281:
277:
274:
273:
268:
265:
264:
259:
256:
255:
251:
248:
247:
242:
239:
238:
237:
234:
232:
228:
223:
221:
217:
213:
204:
200:
195:
186:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
152:
149:
147:Parent agency
145:
142:
139:
135:
132:
129:
125:
119:
116:
111:
108:
103:
100:
99:
97:
93:
89:
85:
75:
72:
69:
66:
65:
63:
59:
55:
51:
46:
39:
34:
19:
4569:
4535:
4528:Liberty Fund
4523:
4487:
4483:
4467:
4462:
4440:
4420:
4416:
4399:
4387:
4375:
4363:
4351:
4339:
4327:
4315:
4303:
4291:
4279:
4267:
4255:
4243:
4231:
4219:
4207:
4195:
4183:
4171:
4159:
4147:
4135:
4123:
4111:
4099:
4087:
4075:
4063:
4051:
4039:
4027:
4015:
4003:
3964:
3915:
3906:
3901:, p. 4.
3894:
3889:, p. 1.
3882:
3870:
3858:
3846:
3819:
3807:
3795:
3775:
3768:
3746:
3734:
3717:
3711:
3689:
3672:
3666:
3654:
3635:
3626:
3607:
3598:
3585:
3580:
3561:
3557:
3548:
3536:. Retrieved
3531:
3519:
3510:
3505:
3486:
3477:
3458:
3454:
3445:
3426:
3422:
3391:
3387:
3378:
3359:
3355:
3346:
3329:
3325:
3316:
3299:
3295:
3286:
3272:cite journal
3255:
3251:
3242:
3225:
3221:
3212:
3195:
3191:
3182:
3173:
3168:
3151:
3147:
3138:
3118:
3113:
3104:
3081:
3049:
3039:
3020:
3014:
2997:
2985:. Retrieved
2981:the original
2976:
2966:
2938:
2933:
2909:
2888:– via
2879:
2870:
2858:. Retrieved
2851:the original
2838:
2826:
2814:
2797:
2793:
2784:
2772:
2760:
2748:
2736:
2718:
2708:
2696:
2684:
2672:
2660:
2648:
2625:
2607:
2561:
2554:
2542:AAHS Journal
2540:
2483:
2412:
2382:
2360:Flying Tiger
2352:
2077:
2045:
1989:
1860:
1803:
1766:
1729:
1692:
1661:, 24 CV-580
1658:
1621:
1580:
1544:
1447:
1415:
1408:
1376:
1344:
1340:
1308:
1304:
1272:
1236:
1197:
1165:
1129:
1097:
1078:
1012:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
972:
963:
946:
944:
916:
912:
910:
894:
875:
844:
829:
805:
724:
706:
675:
669:
667:
658:
649:ATA Airlines
625:
608:
599:
595:
591:
585:
567:
563:
559:
558:
533:
528:
526:
491:TAG Airlines
478:
471:
454:
450:
447:
439:
417:deregulation
401:Jimmy Carter
394:
387:
380:
373:
370:
348:
327:
324:Not included
319:
312:
304:
296:
292:
283:
275:
266:
257:
249:
240:
235:
224:
208:
163:
159:
157:
137:Headquarters
127:Jurisdiction
4494:, 1968. p.
4474:, 1946. p.
4407:, 1982. p.
4392:Endres 1979
4380:Endres 1979
4368:Endres 1979
4356:Endres 1979
4344:Endres 1979
4332:Endres 1979
4320:Endres 1979
4308:Endres 1979
4296:Endres 1979
4284:Endres 1979
4272:Endres 1979
4260:Endres 1979
4248:Endres 1979
4236:Endres 1979
4224:Endres 1979
4212:Endres 1979
4200:Endres 1979
4188:Endres 1979
4176:Endres 1979
4164:Endres 1979
4152:Endres 1979
4140:Endres 1979
4128:Endres 1979
4116:Endres 1979
4104:Endres 1979
4092:Endres 1979
4080:Endres 1979
4068:Endres 1979
4056:Endres 1979
4044:Endres 1979
4032:Endres 1979
4020:Endres 1979
4008:Endres 1979
3942:Annual 1978
3875:Endres 1979
3863:Endres 1979
3851:Endres 1979
3839:Endres 1979
3824:Endres 1979
3812:Endres 1979
3800:Endres 1979
3739:Annual 1978
2620:, pp. 85–99
2600:Alfred Kahn
2394:intl cargo
2281:helicopter
2172:Twin Otter
2109:Air Midwest
1427:trunk/intl
1388:trunk/intl
1356:trunk/intl
1284:trunk/intl
1252:trunk/intl
1216:trunk/intl
1177:trunk/intl
1145:trunk/intl
1130:3 B747, 14
1109:trunk/intl
1058:trunk/intl
999:territorial
509:Air Midwest
397:Gerald Ford
6641:Categories
4711:Appendix 5
4699:Appendix 4
4687:Appendix 3
4678:Appendix 3
4667:Appendix 2
4658:Appendix 2
4647:Appendix 1
4638:Appendix 1
4587:Volume 1–2
4546:0674716078
3786:0905117530
3127:0787288810
3060:0471454303
2741:Caves 1962
2576:0815757247
2512:References
2430:(3) USD mm
2222:10 CV-580
2136:Cessna 206
2082:Shorts 330
1734:NAMC YS-11
1708:local svc
1671:local svc
983:helicopter
917:trunklines
897:airlines.
725:6 DC-8, 3
633:Boeing 720
351:Watres Act
6359:DTC&I
4451:0015-4806
3681:0097-6326
3538:14 August
2947:SIU Press
2618:1086-1653
2251:6 CV-600
2232:air taxi
2202:air taxi
2147:regional
2113:regional
2057:Hawaiian
2025:Hawaiian
1134:, 93 B727
951:Allegheny
810:, 14 DC-8
444:Air taxis
385:in 1958.
313:Exemption
166:) was an
87:Dissolved
4627:Volume 3
4618:Volume 3
4607:Volume 2
4598:Volume 2
4578:Volume 1
4571:Congress
3726:74082194
2987:July 22,
2949:, 1997.
2860:July 22,
2728:62017216
2716:(1962).
2534:Archived
2500:See also
2409:2,658.9
2390:Seaboard
2379:1,377.0
1547:BAC 1-11
1394:3,523.4
1362:2,474.7
1337:1,509.2
1326:2,281.8
1222:2,379.6
1183:2,241.6
1064:2,736.4
1036:Subsidy
1024:Airline
991:air taxi
987:regional
979:Hawaiian
959:National
925:American
886:Seaboard
231:air mail
6318:Oceania
5785:(civil)
4714:at the
4702:at the
4690:at the
4670:at the
4650:at the
4630:at the
4610:at the
4590:at the
4573:, 1975
3532:faa.gov
2472:Offices
2078:12 DC-9
2046:10 B737
1968:Alaska
1931:Alaska
1902:Alaska
1872:Alaska
1861:11 B727
1804:26 DC-9
1767:30 DC-9
1693:32 DC-9
1659:34 DC-9
1416:14 DC-8
1033:Op rev
687:Airline
555:in 1958
511:in 1976
505:in 1974
499:in 1972
493:in 1969
487:in 1967
333:History
305:Subsidy
267:Mergers
170:of the
6622:DGPIAA
6610:OIPAIA
6502:CENIPA
5857:CIAIAC
5809:GPIAAF
5796:KBWLLP
5651:AAIASB
5478:Europe
4784:Africa
4543:
4449:
3783:
3724:
3679:
3589:,
3125:
3057:
3027:
2953:
2920:
2726:
2616:
2573:
2400:118.6
2370:404.2
2349:924.0
2248:100.3
2228:Wright
2219:116.8
2131:115.8
2074:119.8
2071:136.6
2042:119.2
2039:119.5
1990:7 B737
1986:151.5
1948:420.0
1857:566.5
1854:105.9
1808:CV-600
1800:304.5
1788:181.7
1763:206.5
1751:188.5
1726:180.7
1714:205.6
1697:FH-227
1689:195.9
1677:229.7
1655:147.6
1643:298.5
1618:282.0
1606:313.2
1585:CV-580
1577:230.2
1565:287.2
1541:242.5
1530:566.8
1444:645.6
1441:147.9
1438:15.76
1433:834.5
1405:694.8
1402:161.2
1399:61.94
1373:897.1
1370:165.0
1367:42.65
1345:5 B747
1334:299.0
1331:34.42
1309:4 B747
1301:667.2
1298:226.2
1295:14.30
1290:794.4
1269:694.5
1266:174.1
1263:13.83
1258:636.4
1233:509.1
1230:135.5
1227:39.06
1200:L-1011
1194:457.9
1191:151.5
1188:37.55
1162:618.5
1159:155.2
1156:14.53
1151:772.0
1126:583.1
1123:138.5
1120:17.84
1115:966.5
1091:, 145
1075:799.8
1072:154.2
1069:45.49
993:, and
890:Pan Am
849:CV-640
845:5 DC-8
826:126.6
802:231.2
736:CV-580
635:, two
189:Powers
168:agency
113:(1967)
105:(1958)
78:(1940)
53:Formed
6586:DINAC
6526:UAEAC
6478:JIAAC
6264:TTCAA
6252:ECCAA
6240:ECCAA
6228:ECCAA
6096:ECCAA
6060:ECCAA
5964:ECCAA
5905:NBAAI
5783:SCAAI
5735:TAIIB
5555:AAIIB
5232:ARAIB
5041:SSCAA
4921:LYCAA
4885:BEIAA
4825:ANACM
4522:, in
4453:. p.
3663:(PDF)
3528:(PDF)
2957:. p.
2924:. p.
2854:(PDF)
2847:(PDF)
2397:1955
2367:1949
2340:84.3
2337:1956
2298:12.6
2295:25.0
2292:0.01
2284:1952
2245:40.5
2235:1972
2216:46.7
2213:0.05
2205:1967
2198:Aspen
2170:DHC-6
2165:82.3
2162:29.9
2159:0.13
2153:20.8
2150:1975
2128:16.9
2125:0.04
2116:1976
2068:0.72
2063:89.9
2060:1938
2036:0.56
2031:60.7
2028:1949
1983:51.8
1980:0.43
1974:63.7
1971:1942
1945:49.1
1942:0.08
1937:13.2
1934:1948
1918:76.8
1905:1976
1889:38.3
1875:1960
1851:1.19
1845:83.5
1842:1942
1797:90.8
1794:2.60
1785:1946
1760:76.0
1757:2.45
1748:1948
1732:, 19
1723:85.7
1720:2.62
1711:1947
1695:, 13
1686:87.3
1683:2.70
1680:10.0
1674:1950
1652:90.0
1649:3.09
1646:12.0
1640:1947
1615:94.6
1612:4.18
1603:1968
1583:, 27
1574:81.6
1571:3.77
1568:12.2
1562:1946
1538:90.4
1535:6.72
1527:1949
1482:1971
1479:intl
1430:1938
1391:1938
1359:1938
1323:1938
1287:1938
1255:1938
1219:1938
1180:1938
1148:1938
1112:1938
1087:, 67
1085:DC-10
1083:, 31
1061:1938
995:cargo
955:USAir
895:cargo
841:10.3
812:, 11
808:DC-10
770:28.3
721:40.9
703:87.0
258:Fares
241:Entry
6598:CIAA
6574:GCAA
6550:AAIB
6538:DGAC
6514:DGAC
6490:DGAC
6431:NTSB
6419:TAIC
6395:NTSB
6383:CAAF
6347:ATSB
6335:NTSB
6300:NTSB
6288:NTSB
6276:AAIB
6216:NTSB
6192:INAC
6180:AAIB
6168:DGAC
6144:JCAA
6132:DGAC
6120:DGAC
6072:CIAA
6048:IACC
6036:DGAC
6024:AAIB
6000:AAIB
5988:AAIB
5976:BCAD
5952:AAIB
5917:AAIB
5893:DGCA
5881:STSB
5845:AMIA
5771:AIBN
5699:ANSV
5687:AAIU
5675:AAIB
5639:AAIB
5591:ESIB
5567:AAII
5543:AAIU
5448:GCAA
5424:DGCA
5412:AAIC
5388:TTSB
5364:TSIB
5352:GACA
5328:CAAP
5316:PCAA
5304:CAAN
5292:AAIB
5280:AICC
5256:AACM
5244:LCAA
5208:JTSB
5172:NTSC
5160:AAIB
5148:AAIA
5136:CAAC
5124:CAAB
5083:Asia
5065:DGAC
5053:TCAA
4981:NSIB
4969:DAAI
4945:ANAC
4909:KCAA
4897:GCAA
4873:ECAA
4849:BPEA
4837:ANAC
4813:CCAA
4801:DACM
4541:ISBN
4447:ISSN
4409:A-42
3781:ISBN
3722:LCCN
3677:ISSN
3540:2024
3278:link
3123:ISBN
3055:ISBN
3025:ISBN
2989:2017
2951:ISBN
2918:ISBN
2862:2017
2724:LCCN
2614:ISSN
2571:ISBN
2287:8.2
2238:4.9
2208:7.8
2156:3.8
2122:1.5
2119:5.3
1977:1.8
1957:C-46
1915:9.0
1908:2.9
1886:3.0
1881:0.4
1878:1.7
1848:0.3
1806:, 3
1791:3.1
1769:, 8
1754:4.3
1717:9.3
1626:F-27
1624:, 6
1609:7.6
1411:B737
1239:A300
1204:DC-9
1132:DC-8
1089:B707
1081:B747
791:C-46
789:, 3
787:DC-6
782:2.9
747:1.2
734:, 7
730:, 4
727:DC-9
709:DC-8
553:C-46
461:and
388:The
341:The
295:and
250:Exit
158:The
56:1939
6562:BEA
6443:AIC
6407:BEA
6371:BEA
6204:AAC
6156:BEA
6108:BEA
6084:AAC
6012:TSB
5869:SHK
5833:CAD
5821:IAC
5759:DSB
5747:AET
5723:IAC
5711:IAC
5663:TSB
5627:BFU
5615:BEA
5603:SIA
5579:AIB
5531:IAC
5519:SIA
5507:IAC
5495:IAC
5460:IAC
5436:IAC
5400:IAC
5376:CAA
5340:IAC
5268:MOT
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