847:
550:
510:
530:
3812:
33:
459:) and were often used by the Emperors on civilian missions inside the Empire. Gradually however, the ease of palace life and lack of actual campaigning, as the Emperors ceased to take the field themselves, lessened their combat abilities. In the East, they were eventually replaced as the main imperial bodyguard by the
483:, and the social status and benefits this entailed, the units were increasingly filled with by the capital's well-connected young nobility. Emperor Justinian is said to have caused panic amongst their members by proposing that they be sent on an expedition. Justinian also raised four "supernumerary"
1109:
were professional heavy cavalry units, garrisoned in and around
Constantinople, forming the central reserve of the Byzantine military system and the core of the imperial expeditionary forces. In addition, like their Late Roman ancestors, they were an important stage in a military career for young
498:
for their bright white tunics, were selected to form the
Emperor's personal bodyguard, and although by the 6th century they too fulfilled a purely ceremonial role, in the 4th century they accompanied the emperors on campaign, as for example
295:, the Praetorian cohorts made up the most prominent element of Maxentius' army. Later, in Rome, the victorious Constantine definitively disbanded the Praetorian Guard. Although there is no direct evidence that Constantine established the
1173:. By the 10th century, he had risen to be the senior officer of the entire army, thus a commander-in-chief under the Emperor in effect. In ca. 959, the post and the unit itself were divided into two separate commands, one for the East (
316:" was commonly used in the early 4th century to refer to organized corps of the imperial retinue, both civil and military, and derives from the fact that they occupied specific rooms or chambers in the palace. Each
549:
364:
was not negligible. Of the recorded and named scholarians in the fourth century, ten are definitely Roman, forty one probably Roman; whilst only five are definitely barbarian and eleven probably barbarian.
3841:
1981:
2691:
1093:, continued to exist in the 7th and early 8th centuries, although diminished in size, as purely ceremonial units. However, in ca. 743, after putting down a major rebellion of
1783:
299:
at the same time, the lack of a bodyguard unit would have become immediately apparent, and he is commonly regarded as their founder. Nevertheless, some units, such as the
509:
1025:
529:
3846:
2924:
1904:
451:
As befitted their guards status, the scholarians received higher pay and enjoyed more privileges than the regular army: they received extra rations (
487:
of 2,000 men purely in order to raise money from the sale of the appointments. It seems that this increase was reverted by the same emperor later.
3800:
2154:
2055:
3861:
3488:
2065:
1998:
846:
2013:
2008:
1066:
690:" refer to units of the same ancestry, now commonly held to have been created from the division of the Roman army in 364 between emperors
3089:
2075:
2050:
3440:
3423:
2080:
2060:
3139:
2985:
2957:
2601:
2593:
2070:
2003:
1121:
had a uniform structure, differing only in the nomenclature used for certain titles, which reflected their different ancestries. The
3335:
2696:
1035:
997:
1321:, but the title had become nothing more than a palace dignity, fulfilling a purely ceremonial role and entirely separate from the
479:(r. 474–491), they degenerated to parade-ground display troops: as it became possible to buy an appointment into the ranks of the
3184:
3664:
3189:
3588:
2348:
2341:
1897:
1735:
3340:
3199:
2487:
1789:
Constantinople and its
Hinterland: Papers from the Twenty-Seventh Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies, Oxford, April 1993
2331:
360:. However, evidence of the scholarians mentioned in primary sources indicates that the presence of native Romans in the
3851:
3669:
3082:
1804:
3770:
2336:
1872:
1846:
1823:
1772:
2833:
1890:
1059:
1005:
899:
3805:
3627:
2159:
1927:
3775:
3765:
3637:
3558:
3376:
3244:
2816:
2760:
2681:
2548:
886:
1855:
Treadgold, Warren T.: Notes on the
Numbers and Organisation of the Ninth-Century Byzantine Army, published in
3632:
3622:
3537:
3292:
3077:
770:
2512:
1467:
3706:
3674:
3578:
3287:
3259:
3067:
2606:
1784:
Strategies of
Defence, Problems of Security: the Garrisons of Constantinople in the Middle Byzantine Period
3430:
3072:
2919:
2676:
2427:
1052:
968:
916:
232:
service until they disappeared from the historical record in the late 11th century, during the reign of
3750:
3696:
3435:
3307:
3297:
2997:
2877:
2755:
2686:
2574:
2543:
2386:
2326:
1382:
Most likely the same unit mentioned for the West, transferred there after the
Eastern list was compiled
1266:
1094:
1030:
869:
716:
303:("school of tribesmen") are attested much earlier than 312, and may have their origins in the reign of
216:
3610:
3134:
2990:
2775:
2666:
2553:
1218:
1105:
regiments, which were meant to provide the emperor with a core of professional and loyal troops. The
1001:
396:
352:, under the impact of anti-Gothic policies, from the mid-5th century they were largely replaced with
280:, the son of the retired emperor Maximian, and proclaimed him their emperor on 28 October 306. When
2909:
2661:
2148:
2027:
1020:
972:
292:
269:
3815:
3239:
2965:
2785:
2671:
1727:
1136:
1039:
926:
3740:
3330:
3172:
2616:
2422:
2396:
2391:
2164:
2140:
2136:
2103:
993:
807:
408:, and the Emperor retained direct control over them; however, for administrative purposes, the
42:
3856:
3458:
3312:
2502:
2412:
2376:
2261:
1991:
1986:
730:
281:
211:
193:
3701:
3684:
3505:
3264:
3229:
3112:
3049:
3044:
2579:
2522:
1569:
1539:
1436:
1297:
793:
778:
766:
404:
directly under him. Unlike the
Praetorians, there was no overall military commander of the
349:
333:
126:
8:
2611:
2527:
2517:
2381:
2144:
2132:
2019:
1337:
738:
500:
472:
414:
320:
was formed into an elite cavalry regiment of around 500 troops. Many scholarians (Latin:
134:
1797:
Die byzantinische Armee im 10. und 11. Jahrhundert: Studien zur
Organisation der Tagmata
1194:(τοποτηρητής, lit. "placeholder", "lieutenant"), who each commanded half of the unit, a
3689:
3679:
3553:
3224:
3107:
3024:
2887:
2239:
2219:
2199:
2189:
1955:
1747:
1462:
1369:
464:
420:
233:
384:
of the first class, and who were discharged with a rank equal to that of a provincial
3811:
3745:
3650:
3583:
3563:
3531:
3463:
3450:
3371:
3366:
3117:
2882:
2251:
2204:
2194:
2184:
1868:
1842:
1835:
1819:
1800:
1768:
1731:
1163:, and is considered one of the most senior generals in status, surpassed only by the
760:
3615:
3408:
3356:
3302:
3269:
3219:
3012:
3002:
2780:
2468:
2360:
2283:
2266:
2244:
2229:
2214:
2128:
1913:
1080:
921:
874:
753:
556:
221:
138:
130:
122:
84:
272:
attempted to disband the remaining units of the
Praetorian Guard on the orders of
3760:
3593:
3573:
3568:
3523:
3513:
3473:
3468:
3418:
3413:
3194:
2800:
2717:
2712:
2452:
2442:
2278:
2272:
2256:
2234:
2224:
2209:
1762:
936:
911:
861:
329:
254:
250:
142:
118:
3598:
3478:
3211:
2970:
2864:
2850:
2649:
2353:
2108:
1170:
954:
931:
838:
560:
476:
437:
265:
204:
184:
146:
108:
94:
291:), launching an invasion of Italy in 312, forced a final confrontation at the
3835:
3518:
3395:
3361:
3099:
3034:
3007:
2892:
2507:
2447:
1317:
1196:
1117:
is a subject of debate. Estimates range from 1,000 to 4,000 men. The various
1098:
695:
208:
150:
1837:
The Later Roman Empire, 284-602: A Social
Economic and Administrative Survey
3279:
3254:
3234:
3039:
3017:
2872:
2120:
2115:
1949:
941:
80:
1882:
1555:
3780:
3755:
3249:
3059:
2826:
2432:
2417:
1758:
1190:
1101:(r. 741–775) reformed the old guard units of Constantinople into the new
799:
744:
429:
260:
38:
1110:
aristocrats, which could lead to major field commands or state offices.
818:
467:(r. 457–474), while in the West, they were permanently disbanded by the
3054:
2914:
2904:
2737:
2727:
2437:
977:
958:
655:
460:
304:
98:
3603:
3483:
2975:
2843:
2790:
2722:
1791:, edited by Cyril Mango and Gilbert Dagron (Aldershot: Ashgate, 1995)
1249:
1165:
1159:
1145:
879:
468:
357:
353:
277:
229:
3129:
3029:
2980:
2838:
2770:
2558:
1749:
Scholae Palatinae. The Palace Guards of the Later Roman Empire Rome
1435:
In the 4th century, Franks were very numerous among palace guards;
904:
811:
720:
441:
374:
341:
273:
3495:
3381:
3322:
2821:
2795:
2473:
1373:
IV.65 & XXXV.1); 4th-century numbers may have been different.
1293:
891:
46:
3124:
2899:
2765:
1348:
963:
691:
445:
428:
are listed for the Eastern Empire and five for the Western. In
337:
312:
568:
432:'s time (r. 527–565), but also possibly in earlier times, the
32:
1275:
1227:
1130:
380:
345:
3842:
Military units and formations established in the 4th century
1304:("bearers of sceptres", i.e. staves with images on top) and
3403:
1764:
Warfare, State and Society in the Byzantine World, 565–1204
1414:
A.H.M. Jones, Later Roman Empire, 1964, Vol. I, pp. 54, 613
50:
1232:, "Count "). In the late 10th century, there were 30 such
1256:), who were grouped in four different categories. In the
1143:
was transformed into the more or less ceremonial post of
386:
555:
Palatine insignia on the shields of the soldiers in the
1813:
1336:
is attested for the last time in 1068/9, under Emperor
1669:
1391:
For a list of the attested subaltern officers of the
239:
1264:(προτίκτορες, "protectors", deriving from the older
1153:
was established as the independent commander of the
1139:"), first attested in 767. As the old office of the
198:
1834:
1746:
1699:
412:were eventually placed under the direction of the
1556:The Origin of the Cult of SS. Sergius and Bacchus
16:Late Roman and Byzantine-Era Imperial Guard Units
3833:
1157:. In contemporary records, he holds the rank of
621:In the Eastern Empire (the Eastern part of the
585:In the Western Empire (the Western part of the
2273:Spain (Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands)
1898:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1315:are still mentioned in the 10th-century work
1060:
3847:Cavalry units and formations of ancient Rome
1565:
1563:
806:in 518, at the time of the death of Emperor
436:were billeted in the wider neighbourhood of
1912:
475:(ruler of Italy in 493–526). Under Emperor
168:
1905:
1891:
1472:
1422:
1420:
1367:Number attested in the time of Justinian *
1067:
1053:
49:. The soldiers left, with the golden neck-
1862:
1799:(in German). Vienna: Fassbaender Verlag.
1724:Warfare in Roman Europe, AD 350–425
1560:
1252:"). There were also 40 standard-bearers (
455:), were exempt from the recruitment tax (
276:. In response, the Praetorians turned to
1212:was further divided into smaller units (
244:
3161:
1814:Southern, Pat; Dixon, Karen R. (1996).
1417:
763:, a Frankish tribune and later usurper.
394:had a number of senior officers called
3834:
1757:
710:
702:are the "senior" Western units, while
3729:
3160:
2945:
2637:
2304:
1925:
1886:
1832:
1744:
1721:
448:, serving in the palace by rotation.
3862:Guards units of the Byzantine Empire
2946:
1794:
1705:
1675:
1530:Jones (1986), pp. 613-614 & 1253
1200:(χαρτουλάριος, "secretary") and the
1188:was assisted by two officers called
706:their "junior" Eastern counterparts.
580:
53:typical of Byzantine guardsmen, are
2648:
13:
1857:Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies
1841:. Johns Hopkins University Press.
1833:Jones, Arnold Hugh Martin (1986).
1521:Southern & Dixon (1996), p. 56
1492:Southern & Dixon (1996), p. 57
240:4th–7th centuries: imperial guards
14:
3873:
3771:Greek scholars in the Renaissance
1244:, the equivalent of regular army
3810:
1865:Byzantium and Its Army, 284-1081
845:
548:
528:
508:
31:
2160:Decline of the Byzantine Empire
1982:Constantinian–Valentinianic era
1714:
1690:
1681:
1660:
1651:
1642:
1633:
1624:
1615:
1606:
1597:
1588:
1579:
1549:
1533:
1524:
1515:
1395:in the 8th–10th centuries, cf.
1385:
1376:
1342:
810:and the accession of his uncle
651:Scola scutariorum clibanariorum
645:Scola scutariorum sagittariorum
424:of the late 4th century, seven
286:
3245:Great Palace of Constantinople
2986:Patriarchate of Constantinople
2305:
1495:
1486:
1455:
1446:
1429:
1408:
1361:
207:unit, usually ascribed to the
1:
1867:. Stanford University Press.
1863:Treadgold, Warren T. (1995).
1612:Treadgold (1980), pp. 273-277
1402:
67:
3707:University of Constantinople
3288:Arch of Galerius and Rotunda
2638:
2438:Chartoularios tou vestiariou
2127:Byzantine successor states (
1354:
535:The insignia of the Eastern
515:The insignia of the Western
328:) were recruited from among
228:survived in Roman and later
7:
3377:Saint Catherine's Monastery
2433:Chartoularios tou sakelliou
2428:Logothetes tou stratiotikou
1926:
1795:Kühn, Hans-Joachim (1991).
866:'Classical' Byzantine army
788:(likely of the elite first
199:
10:
3878:
3766:Neo-Byzantine architecture
3730:
2387:Comes sacrarum largitionum
1594:Haldon (1999), pp. 270-273
1276:
1228:
1131:
1078:
717:Saints Sergius and Bacchus
663:Scola armaturarum iuniorum
647:, a unit of horse archers.
604:Scola armaturarum seniorum
248:
217:equites singulares Augusti
3852:Late Roman military units
3793:
3736:
3725:
3646:
3546:
3504:
3449:
3394:
3349:
3336:Sant'Apollinare in Classe
3321:
3278:
3210:
3180:
3171:
3167:
3156:
3098:
2956:
2952:
2941:
2863:
2809:
2748:
2705:
2657:
2644:
2633:
2592:
2567:
2536:
2495:
2486:
2461:
2405:
2369:
2322:
2315:
2311:
2300:
2173:
2089:
2036:
1967:
1938:
1934:
1921:
719:were officers in Emperor
635:Scola scutariorum secunda
599:Scola scutariorum secunda
220:, the cavalry arm of the
214:as a replacement for the
203:) were an elite military
188:
114:
104:
90:
76:
62:
30:
21:
2910:Droungarios of the Fleet
1696:Treadgold (1980), p. 276
1666:Treadgold (1980), p. 274
1648:Treadgold (1995), p. 102
1236:, of unknown size. Each
1177:) and one for the West (
973:Droungarios of the Fleet
819:8th–11th centuries: the
668:Scola gentilium iuniorum
640:Scola gentilium seniorum
609:Scola gentilium seniorum
503:(r. 361–363) in Persia.
270:Flavius Valerius Severus
41:and his court, from the
3424:Early Byzantine mosaics
2786:Domestic of the Schools
1728:Oxford University Press
1639:Treadgold (1995), p. 78
1621:Treadgold (1995), p. 28
1483:Treadgold (1995), p. 92
1137:Domestic of the Schools
1040:Walls of Constantinople
927:Domestic of the Schools
833:Part of a series on the
630:Scola scutariorum prima
614:Scola scutatorum tertia
594:Scola scutariorum prima
3741:Byzantine commonwealth
2503:Praetorian prefectures
2423:Logothetes tou genikou
2397:Quaestor sacri palatii
2392:Comes rerum privatarum
2165:Fall of Constantinople
2104:Sack of Constantinople
1687:Bury (1911), pp. 55-57
1630:Bury (1911), pp. 50-51
1208:(head messenger). The
1186:domestikos tōn scholōn
1127:domestikos tōn scholōn
1113:The exact size of the
998:revolts and civil wars
775:tribunus sagittariorum
348:were employed. In the
43:Basilica of San Vitale
3441:Komnenian renaissance
3436:Macedonian period art
3341:Sant'Apollinare Nuovo
3313:Walls of Thessaloniki
2413:Logothetes tou dromou
2028:Twenty Years' Anarchy
1992:Valentinianic dynasty
1987:Constantinian dynasty
1767:. London: UCL Press.
1603:Haldon (1999), p. 103
1132:δομέστικος τῶν σχολῶν
1079:Further information:
731:Saint Martin of Tours
625:refers to the 390s):
589:refers to the 420s):
463:, founded by Emperor
457:privilegiis scholarum
344:, while in the East,
282:Constantine the Great
245:History and structure
212:Constantine the Great
3638:Units of measurement
3372:Panagia Gorgoepikoos
3265:Pammakaristos Church
3113:Corpus Juris Civilis
3064:Missionary activity
2523:Exarchate of Ravenna
2349:Imperial bureaucracy
1745:Frank, R.I. (1969).
1722:Elton, Hugh (1996).
1585:Haldon (1999), p. 78
1570:Ammianus Marcellinus
1540:Ammianus Marcellinus
1437:Ammianus Marcellinus
1426:Haldon (1999), p. 68
1347:), in combat around
1332:The regiment of the
1175:domestikos anatolēs
1013:Strategy and tactics
900:Palaiologan-era army
794:Battle of Adrianople
786:tribunus scutariorum
779:Battle of Adrianople
749:tribunus armaturarum
733:, an officer in the
682:Note: The suffixes "
324:, Greek: σχολάριοι,
127:Executive protection
3162:Culture and society
3025:Ecumenical councils
2528:Exarchate of Africa
2518:Quaestura exercitus
2382:Magister officiorum
2377:Praetorian prefects
2020:Byzantine Dark Ages
1816:The Late Roman Army
1338:Romanos IV Diogenes
1288:is a corruption of
1240:commanded 5 junior
1141:magister officiorum
1125:were headed by the
747:, a Frankish king,
711:Notable scholarians
563:, late 4th century.
473:Theodoric the Great
415:magister officiorum
372:was commanded by a
135:Hand-to-hand combat
3579:Flags and insignia
3225:Baths of Zeuxippus
3108:Codex Theodosianus
2998:Oriental Orthodoxy
1956:Later Roman Empire
1657:Bury (1911), p. 53
1502:Notitia Dignitatum
1463:Codex Theodosianus
1452:Elton, pp. 151-152
1370:Codex Justinianeus
1179:domestikos dyseōs
887:Komnenian-era army
854:Structural history
575:Notitia Dignitatum
541:Notitia Dignitatum
521:Notitia Dignitatum
465:Leo I the Thracian
440:, in the towns of
421:Notitia Dignitatum
234:Alexios I Komnenos
3827:
3826:
3789:
3788:
3746:Byzantine studies
3721:
3720:
3717:
3716:
3532:Alexander Romance
3390:
3389:
3367:Nea Moni of Chios
3230:Blachernae Palace
3152:
3151:
3148:
3147:
3118:Code of Justinian
2966:Eastern Orthodoxy
2937:
2936:
2933:
2932:
2859:
2858:
2733:Scholae Palatinae
2629:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2594:Foreign relations
2588:
2587:
2482:
2481:
2296:
2295:
2292:
2291:
2095:(1204–1453)
1859:21 (Oxford, 1980)
1781:Haldon, John F.:
1737:978-0-19-815241-5
1678:, pp. 85–91.
1222:) commanded by a
1089:, along with the
1077:
1076:
761:Claudius Silvanus
707:
678:
677:
297:Scholae Palatinae
259:During the early
197:
164:Scholae Palatinae
156:
155:
23:Scholar Palatinae
3869:
3814:
3727:
3726:
3670:Imperial Library
3616:Byzantine Greeks
3357:Daphni Monastery
3308:Panagia Chalkeon
3303:Hagios Demetrios
3270:Prison of Anemas
3220:Basilica Cistern
3178:
3177:
3169:
3168:
3158:
3157:
3013:West Syriac Rite
3003:Alexandrian Rite
2954:
2953:
2947:Religion and law
2943:
2942:
2878:Maritime themata
2834:Palaiologan army
2687:Military manuals
2655:
2654:
2646:
2645:
2635:
2634:
2493:
2492:
2469:Megas logothetes
2320:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2302:
2301:
2175:By modern region
2096:
2043:
2042:(717–1204)
1974:
1936:
1935:
1923:
1922:
1914:Byzantine Empire
1907:
1900:
1893:
1884:
1883:
1878:
1852:
1840:
1829:
1810:
1778:
1754:
1752:
1741:
1709:
1703:
1697:
1694:
1688:
1685:
1679:
1673:
1667:
1664:
1658:
1655:
1649:
1646:
1640:
1637:
1631:
1628:
1622:
1619:
1613:
1610:
1604:
1601:
1595:
1592:
1586:
1583:
1577:
1567:
1558:
1553:
1547:
1537:
1531:
1528:
1522:
1519:
1513:
1499:
1493:
1490:
1484:
1481:
1470:
1459:
1453:
1450:
1444:
1433:
1427:
1424:
1415:
1412:
1396:
1389:
1383:
1380:
1374:
1365:
1346:
1345: 1068–1071
1344:
1279:
1278:
1231:
1230:
1134:
1133:
1097:troops, Emperor
1081:Tagma (military)
1069:
1062:
1055:
1031:Military manuals
987:Campaign history
922:Magister militum
849:
830:
829:
771:Caucasian Iberia
754:magister militum
725:schola gentilium
681:
581:
557:Arrest of Christ
552:
532:
512:
378:who ranked as a
301:schola gentilium
290:
288:
222:Praetorian Guard
202:
192:
190:
182:
179:
178:Palatine Schools
176:
173:
170:
139:Maneuver warfare
131:Force protection
85:Byzantine Empire
72:
69:
35:
19:
18:
3877:
3876:
3872:
3871:
3870:
3868:
3867:
3866:
3832:
3831:
3828:
3823:
3820:
3785:
3761:Cyrillic script
3732:
3713:
3658:
3642:
3542:
3524:Digenes Akritas
3500:
3445:
3386:
3350:Other locations
3345:
3317:
3274:
3206:
3195:Cross-in-square
3163:
3144:
3094:
2948:
2929:
2855:
2805:
2801:Varangian Guard
2744:
2718:East Roman army
2713:Late Roman army
2701:
2640:
2621:
2584:
2563:
2532:
2478:
2457:
2453:Epi ton deeseon
2443:Epi tou eidikou
2401:
2365:
2307:
2288:
2275:
2178:
2176:
2169:
2155:Palaiologan era
2097:
2094:
2085:
2056:Nikephorian era
2044:
2041:
2032:
1975:
1973:(330–717)
1972:
1963:
1943:
1930:
1917:
1911:
1881:
1875:
1849:
1826:
1807:
1787:, published in
1775:
1738:
1717:
1712:
1704:
1700:
1695:
1691:
1686:
1682:
1674:
1670:
1665:
1661:
1656:
1652:
1647:
1643:
1638:
1634:
1629:
1625:
1620:
1616:
1611:
1607:
1602:
1598:
1593:
1589:
1584:
1580:
1568:
1561:
1554:
1550:
1538:
1534:
1529:
1525:
1520:
1516:
1500:
1496:
1491:
1487:
1482:
1473:
1460:
1456:
1451:
1447:
1434:
1430:
1425:
1418:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1400:
1399:
1390:
1386:
1381:
1377:
1366:
1362:
1357:
1341:
1280:, "carriers of
1083:
1073:
937:Stratopedarches
912:Varangian Guard
862:East Roman army
828:
713:
679:
578:
564:
553:
544:
533:
524:
513:
453:annonae civicae
330:Germanic tribes
285:
257:
255:East Roman army
251:Late Roman army
247:
242:
180:
177:
174:
171:
159:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
119:Cavalry tactics
97:
70:
58:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3875:
3865:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3825:
3824:
3822:
3821:
3819:
3818:
3808:
3803:
3797:
3794:
3791:
3790:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3737:
3734:
3733:
3723:
3722:
3719:
3718:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3711:
3710:
3709:
3699:
3694:
3693:
3692:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3661:
3659:
3657:
3656:
3653:
3647:
3644:
3643:
3641:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3619:
3618:
3608:
3607:
3606:
3601:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3550:
3548:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3540:
3535:
3528:
3527:
3526:
3516:
3510:
3508:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3498:
3493:
3492:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3455:
3453:
3447:
3446:
3444:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3427:
3426:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3400:
3398:
3392:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3353:
3351:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3327:
3325:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3293:Byzantine Bath
3290:
3284:
3282:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3216:
3214:
3212:Constantinople
3208:
3207:
3205:
3204:
3203:
3202:
3197:
3187:
3181:
3175:
3165:
3164:
3154:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3121:
3120:
3110:
3104:
3102:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3092:
3087:
3086:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3021:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
2995:
2994:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2971:Byzantine Rite
2962:
2960:
2950:
2949:
2939:
2938:
2935:
2934:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2896:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2875:
2869:
2867:
2861:
2860:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2853:
2851:Grand domestic
2848:
2847:
2846:
2841:
2831:
2830:
2829:
2824:
2817:Komnenian army
2813:
2811:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2752:
2750:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2742:
2741:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2715:
2709:
2707:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2699:
2694:
2692:Military units
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2662:Battle tactics
2658:
2652:
2642:
2641:
2631:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2598:
2596:
2590:
2589:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2582:
2577:
2571:
2569:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2540:
2538:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2499:
2497:
2490:
2484:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2476:
2471:
2465:
2463:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2409:
2407:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2373:
2371:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2363:
2358:
2357:
2356:
2354:Medieval Greek
2346:
2345:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2323:
2317:
2309:
2308:
2298:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2248:
2247:
2242:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2181:
2179:
2174:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2125:
2124:
2123:
2113:
2112:
2111:
2109:Fourth Crusade
2100:
2098:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2066:Macedonian era
2063:
2058:
2053:
2047:
2045:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2030:
2025:
2024:
2023:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1999:Theodosian era
1996:
1995:
1994:
1989:
1978:
1976:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1961:
1960:
1959:
1946:
1944:
1939:
1932:
1931:
1919:
1918:
1910:
1909:
1902:
1895:
1887:
1880:
1879:
1873:
1860:
1853:
1847:
1830:
1824:
1811:
1806:3-9005-38-23-9
1805:
1792:
1779:
1773:
1755:
1742:
1736:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1710:
1698:
1689:
1680:
1668:
1659:
1650:
1641:
1632:
1623:
1614:
1605:
1596:
1587:
1578:
1559:
1548:
1532:
1523:
1514:
1508:XI.4-10 &
1494:
1485:
1471:
1454:
1445:
1428:
1416:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1384:
1375:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1308:("officers").
1260:, these were:
1171:Anatolic Theme
1075:
1074:
1072:
1071:
1064:
1057:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1044:
1043:
1036:Fortifications
1033:
1028:
1023:
1015:
1014:
1010:
1009:
1006:Constantinople
989:
988:
984:
983:
982:
981:
975:
966:
961:
955:Byzantine navy
949:
948:
947:
946:
945:
944:
939:
934:
932:Grand Domestic
929:
924:
914:
909:
908:
907:
897:
896:
895:
884:
883:
882:
877:
872:
864:
856:
855:
851:
850:
842:
841:
839:Byzantine army
835:
834:
827:
823:as one of the
817:
816:
815:
797:
782:
764:
758:
742:
728:
712:
709:
676:
675:
671:
670:
665:
660:
648:
642:
637:
632:
618:
617:
616:
611:
606:
601:
596:
579:
577:
567:
566:
565:
561:Brescia Casket
554:
547:
545:
534:
527:
525:
514:
507:
438:Constantinople
307:(r. 284–305).
293:Milvian Bridge
289: 306–337
246:
243:
241:
238:
205:imperial guard
157:
154:
153:
147:Reconnaissance
116:
112:
111:
109:Imperial guard
106:
102:
101:
95:Byzantine army
92:
88:
87:
78:
74:
73:
64:
60:
59:
36:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3874:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3830:
3817:
3813:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3795:
3792:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3738:
3735:
3728:
3724:
3708:
3705:
3704:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3691:
3688:
3687:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3665:Encyclopedias
3663:
3662:
3660:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3648:
3645:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3617:
3614:
3613:
3612:
3609:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3596:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3589:Hellenization
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3547:Everyday life
3545:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3533:
3529:
3525:
3522:
3521:
3520:
3519:Acritic songs
3517:
3515:
3512:
3511:
3509:
3507:
3503:
3497:
3494:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3476:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3452:
3448:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3397:
3393:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3362:Hosios Loukas
3360:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3348:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3324:
3320:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3281:
3277:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3213:
3209:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3192:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3182:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3159:
3155:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3119:
3116:
3115:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3101:
3097:
3091:
3088:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3035:Monophysitism
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3008:Armenian Rite
3006:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2999:
2996:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2967:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2944:
2940:
2926:
2925:Naval battles
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2866:
2862:
2852:
2849:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2835:
2832:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2818:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2808:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2747:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2720:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2710:
2708:
2704:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2659:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2636:
2632:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2591:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2566:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2535:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2485:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2460:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2448:Protasekretis
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2404:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2368:
2362:
2359:
2355:
2352:
2351:
2350:
2347:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2329:
2328:
2325:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2303:
2299:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2274:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2172:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2117:
2114:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2093:
2088:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2076:Komnenian era
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2040:
2035:
2029:
2026:
2021:
2017:
2016:
2015:
2014:Heraclian era
2012:
2010:
2009:Justinian era
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1971:
1966:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1952:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1924:
1920:
1915:
1908:
1903:
1901:
1896:
1894:
1889:
1888:
1885:
1876:
1874:0-8047-3163-2
1870:
1866:
1861:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1848:0-8018-3354-X
1844:
1839:
1838:
1831:
1827:
1825:0-7134-7047-X
1821:
1818:. Routledge.
1817:
1812:
1808:
1802:
1798:
1793:
1790:
1786:
1785:
1780:
1776:
1774:1-85728-495-X
1770:
1766:
1765:
1760:
1756:
1751:
1750:
1743:
1739:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1720:
1719:
1708:, p. 92.
1707:
1702:
1693:
1684:
1677:
1672:
1663:
1654:
1645:
1636:
1627:
1618:
1609:
1600:
1591:
1582:
1575:
1571:
1566:
1564:
1557:
1552:
1545:
1541:
1536:
1527:
1518:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1498:
1489:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1469:
1465:
1464:
1458:
1449:
1442:
1438:
1432:
1423:
1421:
1411:
1407:
1394:
1388:
1379:
1372:
1371:
1364:
1360:
1352:
1350:
1339:
1335:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1319:
1318:De Ceremoniis
1314:
1309:
1307:
1303:
1302:skēptrophoroi
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1273:
1272:eutychophoroi
1269:
1268:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1225:
1221:
1220:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1198:
1197:chartoularios
1193:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1167:
1162:
1161:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1147:
1142:
1138:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1111:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1099:Constantine V
1096:
1092:
1088:
1082:
1070:
1065:
1063:
1058:
1056:
1051:
1050:
1048:
1047:
1041:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1026:Siege warfare
1024:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
990:
986:
985:
979:
976:
974:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
956:
953:
952:
951:
950:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
919:
918:
915:
913:
910:
906:
903:
902:
901:
898:
893:
890:
889:
888:
885:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
867:
865:
863:
860:
859:
858:
857:
853:
852:
848:
844:
843:
840:
837:
836:
832:
831:
826:
822:
813:
809:
805:
801:
798:
795:
791:
787:
783:
780:
776:
772:
768:
765:
762:
759:
756:
755:
750:
746:
743:
740:
736:
732:
729:
726:
722:
718:
715:
714:
708:
705:
701:
697:
696:Valentinian I
693:
689:
685:
674:
669:
666:
664:
661:
658:
657:
652:
649:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
627:
626:
624:
619:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
591:
590:
588:
583:
582:
576:
572:
562:
558:
551:
546:
542:
538:
531:
526:
522:
518:
511:
506:
505:
504:
502:
497:
493:
488:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
449:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
422:
417:
416:
411:
407:
403:
399:
398:
393:
389:
388:
383:
382:
377:
376:
371:
366:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
336:, these were
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
314:
308:
306:
302:
298:
294:
283:
279:
275:
271:
268:
267:
262:
256:
252:
237:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
218:
213:
210:
209:Roman Emperor
206:
201:
195:
186:
166:
165:
158:Military unit
152:
151:Shock tactics
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
117:
113:
110:
107:
103:
100:
96:
93:
89:
86:
82:
79:
75:
71: 1068/9
65:
61:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
34:
29:
24:
20:
3857:Royal guards
3829:
3530:
3298:Hagia Sophia
3280:Thessalonica
3255:Hagia Sophia
3235:Chora Church
3173:Architecture
3050:Great Schism
3040:Paulicianism
3018:Miaphysitism
2873:Karabisianoi
2732:
2177:or territory
2137:Thessalonica
2121:Latin Empire
2116:Frankokratia
2091:
2051:Isaurian era
2038:
1969:
1954:
1950:Roman Empire
1940:
1864:
1856:
1836:
1815:
1796:
1788:
1782:
1763:
1759:Haldon, John
1748:
1723:
1715:Bibliography
1701:
1692:
1683:
1671:
1662:
1653:
1644:
1635:
1626:
1617:
1608:
1599:
1590:
1581:
1573:
1551:
1543:
1535:
1526:
1517:
1509:
1506:Pars Orient.
1505:
1501:
1497:
1488:
1461:
1457:
1448:
1440:
1431:
1410:
1392:
1387:
1378:
1368:
1363:
1333:
1331:
1326:
1322:
1316:
1312:
1310:
1305:
1301:
1292:, images of
1289:
1285:
1281:
1271:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1223:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1195:
1189:
1185:
1183:
1178:
1174:
1164:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1144:
1140:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1112:
1106:
1102:
1090:
1086:
1084:
942:Protostrator
824:
820:
803:
802:served as a
789:
785:
774:
769:, prince of
752:
748:
734:
724:
703:
699:
687:
683:
680:
672:
667:
662:
654:
653:, a unit of
650:
644:
639:
634:
629:
622:
620:
613:
608:
603:
598:
593:
586:
584:
574:
570:
540:
536:
520:
516:
495:
491:
489:
484:
480:
456:
452:
450:
433:
425:
419:
413:
409:
405:
401:
395:
391:
385:
379:
373:
369:
367:
361:
325:
321:
317:
311:
309:
300:
296:
264:
258:
225:
215:
163:
162:
160:
81:Roman Empire
54:
22:
3781:Megali Idea
3756:Byzantinism
3459:Agriculture
3250:Hagia Irene
3083:Kievan Rus'
3060:Mount Athos
2883:Cibyrrhaeot
2827:Vestiaritai
2682:Mercenaries
2559:Catepanates
2418:Sakellarios
2337:Family tree
2262:Mesopotamia
2081:Angelid era
2061:Amorian era
1510:Pars Occid.
1306:axiōmatikoi
1277:εὐτυχοφόροι
1267:protectores
1262:protiktores
1254:bandophoroi
1191:topotērētēs
1091:excubitores
800:Justinian I
745:Mallobaudes
539:, from the
519:, from the
430:Justinian I
402:protectores
261:4th century
39:Justinian I
3836:Categories
3776:Third Rome
3702:University
3685:Philosophy
3675:Inventions
3538:Historians
3506:Literature
3489:Varangians
3331:San Vitale
3260:Hippodrome
3240:City Walls
3140:Mutilation
3135:Hexabiblos
3055:Bogomilism
3045:Iconoclasm
2915:Megas doux
2905:Greek fire
2888:Aegean Sea
2761:Kleisourai
2738:Excubitors
2728:Bucellarii
2580:Despotates
2549:Kleisourai
2488:Provincial
2332:Coronation
2306:Governance
2071:Doukid era
2004:Leonid era
1576:XXXI.12.16
1403:References
1313:kandidatoi
1250:centurions
1246:kentarchoi
1242:domestikoi
1151:domestikos
978:Megas doux
959:Greek fire
808:Anastasius
804:candidatus
737:of Caesar
656:clibanarii
461:Excubitors
326:scholarioi
310:The term "
305:Diocletian
249:See also:
99:Roman army
77:Allegiance
3604:Octoechos
3484:Silk Road
2976:Hesychasm
2844:Paramonai
2791:Hetaireia
2723:Foederati
2612:Diplomacy
2607:Diplomats
2513:Provinces
2342:Empresses
2145:Trebizond
1941:Preceding
1706:Kühn 1991
1676:Kühn 1991
1574:Historiae
1544:Historiae
1441:Historiae
1355:Footnotes
1202:proexēmos
1166:strategos
1160:patrikios
1146:magistros
992:Lists of
880:Hetaireia
792:) at the
573:from the
496:candidati
492:scholares
469:Ostrogoth
418:. In the
397:domestici
358:Isaurians
354:Armenians
332:. In the
322:scholares
278:Maxentius
230:Byzantine
194:romanized
55:scholares
3697:Scholars
3690:Rhetoric
3680:Medicine
3655:Learning
3554:Calendar
3431:Painters
3130:Basilika
3068:Bulgaria
3030:Arianism
2981:Hayhurum
2958:Religion
2920:Admirals
2839:Allagion
2771:Droungos
2677:Generals
2639:Military
2602:Treaties
2508:Dioceses
2327:Emperors
2240:Sardinia
2220:Dalmatia
2200:Bulgaria
2190:Anatolia
2149:Theodoro
2143: /
2139: /
2131: /
1761:(1999).
1286:eutychia
1284:"; here
1282:eutychia
1216:, sing.
1206:proximos
1095:thematic
969:Admirals
917:Generals
812:Justin I
784:Cassio,
767:Bacurius
751:, later
721:Maximian
704:iuniores
700:seniores
688:iuniorum
684:seniorum
569:List of
494:, named
442:Bithynia
392:tribunus
375:tribunus
342:Alamanni
274:Galerius
37:Emperor
3806:Outline
3751:Museums
3651:Science
3628:Slavery
3584:Gardens
3564:Cuisine
3496:Dynatoi
3464:Coinage
3451:Economy
3419:Mosaics
3382:Mystras
3323:Ravenna
3185:Secular
3073:Moravia
2822:Pronoia
2796:Akritai
2781:Tagmata
2756:Themata
2697:Revolts
2667:Battles
2575:Kephale
2544:Themata
2474:Mesazon
2316:Central
2252:Maghreb
2205:Corsica
2195:Armenia
2185:Albania
1928:History
1546:XXV.3.6
1443:XV.5.11
1393:scholai
1334:scholai
1327:scholai
1325:of the
1298:Victory
1294:Fortune
1290:ptychia
1258:scholai
1169:of the
1155:scholai
1123:scholai
1119:tagmata
1115:tagmata
1107:tagmata
1103:tagmata
1087:scholae
1021:Tactics
1002:battles
905:allagia
892:pronoia
875:tagmata
825:tagmata
821:scholae
777:at the
735:scholae
686:" and "
623:Notitia
587:Notitia
571:scholae
559:on the
537:scholae
517:scholae
485:scholae
481:scholae
434:scholae
426:scholae
410:scholae
406:scholae
362:scholae
226:Scholae
200:Scholai
196::
172:
143:Raiding
51:torques
47:Ravenna
3816:Portal
3731:Impact
3611:People
3559:Cities
3409:Enamel
3190:Sacred
3125:Ecloga
2991:Saints
2900:Dromon
2776:Bandon
2766:Tourma
2749:Middle
2672:Beacon
2554:Bandon
2537:Middle
2406:Middle
2361:Senate
2284:Thrace
2267:Serbia
2245:Sicily
2230:Greece
2215:Cyprus
2133:Epirus
2129:Nicaea
2039:Middle
1916:topics
1871:
1845:
1822:
1803:
1771:
1734:
1512:IX.4-8
1349:Aleppo
1229:κόμης
1219:bandon
1149:, the
1000:, and
964:Dromon
870:themes
790:schola
739:Julian
698:. The
692:Valens
673:
501:Julian
490:Forty
471:ruler
446:Thrace
390:. The
370:schola
338:Franks
318:schola
313:schola
266:Caesar
224:. The
189:Σχολαί
123:Charge
91:Branch
66:312 –
63:Active
26:Σχολαί
3801:Index
3633:Death
3623:Women
3594:Music
3574:Dress
3569:Dance
3514:Novel
3474:Trade
3469:Mints
3414:Glass
3404:Icons
3200:Domes
3078:Serbs
2893:Samos
2706:Early
2496:Early
2370:Early
2279:Syria
2257:Malta
2235:Italy
2225:Egypt
2210:Crete
2141:Morea
1970:Early
1468:VI.13
1323:tagma
1238:komēs
1234:banda
1224:komēs
1214:banda
1210:tagma
381:comes
368:Each
346:Goths
185:Greek
3599:Lyra
3479:silk
3090:Jews
2865:Navy
2810:Late
2650:Army
2617:Wars
2568:Late
2462:Late
2092:Late
1869:ISBN
1843:ISBN
1820:ISBN
1801:ISBN
1769:ISBN
1732:ISBN
1311:The
1296:and
1184:The
1085:The
994:wars
694:and
477:Zeno
444:and
356:and
350:East
340:and
334:West
253:and
169:lit.
161:The
115:Role
105:Type
3396:Art
3100:Law
1300:),
1270:),
1204:or
1181:).
1135:, "
723:'s
400:or
387:dux
45:in
3838::
1730:.
1726:.
1572:,
1562:^
1542:,
1504:,
1474:^
1466:,
1439:,
1419:^
1351:.
1343:r.
1329:.
1248:("
996:,
957::
773:,
287:r.
263:,
236:.
191:,
187::
183:;
68:c.
2151:)
2147:–
2135:–
2022:"
2018:"
1906:e
1899:t
1892:v
1877:.
1851:.
1828:.
1809:.
1777:.
1753:.
1740:.
1340:(
1274:(
1226:(
1129:(
1068:e
1061:t
1054:v
1042:)
1038:(
1008:)
1004:(
980:)
971:(
894:)
814:.
796:.
781:.
757:.
741:.
727:.
659:.
543:.
523:.
284:(
181:'
175:'
167:(
83:/
57:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
