Second Balkan War - Knowledge

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men and that many of his units were weakened, a detailed analysis concerning his units contradicted him. Ivanov's 2nd army consisted of the 3rd division minus one brigade with four regiments of four battalions (a total of 16 battalions plus the divisional artillery), the I/X brigade with the 16th and 25th regiments (total of eight battalions plus artillery), the Drama Brigade with the 69th, 75th and 7th regiments (total of 12 battalions), the Seres Brigade with 67th and 68th regiments (total of 8 battalions), the 11th division with the 55th, 56th and 57th regiments (total of 12 battalions plus the divisional artillery), the 5th Border Battalion, the 10th Independent Battalion and the 10th Cavalry Regiment of seven mounted and seven infantry companies. In total, Ivanov's force comprised 232 companies in 58 infantry battalions, a cavalry regiment (14 companies) with 175 artillery guns, numbering between 80,000 (official Bulgarian source) and 108,000 (official Greek source according to the official Bulgarian history of the war before 1932). All modern historians agree that Ivanov underestimated the number of his soldiers, but the Greek army still had a numerical superiority. The Greek Headquarters also estimated the numbers of their opponents from 80,000 to 105,000 men. A large part of Ivanov's forces, and especially the Drama Brigade and the Seres Brigade, were composed of completely untrained local recruits.

1257:. Even worse, the concentration on capturing Thrace and Constantinople ultimately caused the loss of most of Macedonia, including Thessaloniki, and that could not be accepted, leading the Bulgarian military leadership around Tsar Ferdinand to decide upon a war against its former allies. However, with the Ottomans unwilling to accept the loss of Thrace in the east, and an enraged Romania (in the north), the decision to open war against both Greece (to the south) and Serbia (to the west) was a rather adventurous one, since in May the Ottoman Empire had urgently requested a German mission to reorganize the Ottoman army. By mid-June, Bulgaria became aware of the agreement between Serbia and Greece in case of a Bulgarian attack. On 27 June, Montenegro announced that it would side with Serbia in the event of a Serbian-Bulgarian war. On 5 February, Romania settled her differences over 1134: 1346: 1150: 641: 501: 489: 477: 661: 586: 574: 562: 550: 2680: 2336: 815: 774: 253: 223: 651: 537: 525: 513: 796: 238: 621: 429: 417: 405: 393: 1674: 2499: 730: 193: 1318:

without notifying the government, ordered Bulgarian troops to start a surprise attack simultaneously against both the Serbian and Greek positions without declaring war and to dismiss any orders contradicting the attack order. The next day the government pressured the General Staff to order the army to cease hostilities, which caused confusion and loss of initiative and failed to remedy the state of undeclared war. In response to the government pressure, Tsar Ferdinand dismissed General Savov and replaced him with General Dimitriev as commander-in-chief.

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and its population grew by more than one and a half million. The aftermath brought harassment and oppression for many in the newly conquered lands. The freedom of association, assembly and the press guaranteed under the Serbian constitution of 1903 was not introduced into the new territories. The inhabitants were denied voting rights, ostensibly because the cultural level was considered too low, in reality, to keep the non-Serbs, who made up the majority in many areas, out of national politics. Opposition newspapers like

1332:(officially declared) Romanian intervention or an Ottoman counterattack, strangely assuming that Russia would assure that no attack would come from those directions, even though on 9 June Russia had angrily repudiated its Bulgarian alliance and shifted its diplomacy towards Romania (Russia already had named Romania's King Carol an honorary Russian field marshal, as a clear warning in changing its policy towards Sofia in December 1912). The plan was for a concentrated attack against the Serbian army across the 7547: 1322: 608: 375: 363: 351: 339: 327: 315: 303: 291: 279: 1381: 1364:

generally remained. By contrast, the Greek Army of Macedonia also had nine divisions, but the total number of men under arms was only 118,000. Another decisive factor affecting the real strength of the divisions between the opposing armies was the distribution of artillery. The nine-division-strong Greek Army had 176 guns, and the ten-division-strong Serbian army had 230. The Bulgarians had 1,116, a ratio of 6:1 against the Greeks and 5:1 against the Serbian army.

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allowed the Serbs to concentrate their forces against the attacking Bulgarians and hold their advance. The Bulgarians were outnumbered on the Greek front, and the low-level fighting soon turned into a Greek attack all along the line on 19 June. The Bulgarian forces were forced to withdraw from their positions north of Thessaloniki (except the isolated battalion stationed in the city itself, which was quickly overrun) to defensive positions between

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infantry battalions and 16 cavalry companies per division, which was more than the equivalent of two nine-battalion divisions, the standard divisional structure in most armies, as was also the case with the Greek and Serbian militaries in 1913. Consequently, although the Bulgarian army had 599,878 men mobilized at the beginning of the First Balkan War, there were only nine organizational divisions, giving a divisional strength closer to an

2777: 752: 208: 41: 2089:, to Greece. Bulgaria thus enlarged its territory by 16 percent compared to what it was before the First Balkan War, increasing its population from 4.3 to 4.7 million people. Romania enlarged its territory by 5 percent and Montenegro by 62 percent. Greece increased her population from 2.7 to 4.4 million and her territory by 68 percent. Serbia almost doubled her territory, enlarging her population from 2.9 to 4.5 million. 1573: 2134:. Although Russia tried to intervene throughout August to prevent Edirne from becoming Turkish again, Toshev told the Ottomans at Constantinople that "he Russians consider Constantinople their natural inheritance. Their main concern is that when Constantinople falls into their hands it shall have the largest possible hinterland. If Adrianople is in the possession of the Turks, they shall get it too." 2062:, a port on the Aegean occupied by the Greeks, Venizelos is said to have responded, "General, we are not responsible. Before June, we were afraid of you and offered you Serres and Drama and Kavala, but now when we see you, we assume the role of victors and will take care of our interests only." Although Austria-Hungary and Russia supported Bulgaria, the influential alliance of Germany—whose Kaiser 2141:(Lozengrad in Bulgarian). Both sides made competing declarations: Savov that "Bulgaria, who defeated the Turks on all fronts, cannot end this glorious campaign with the signing of an agreement which retains none of the battlefields on which so much Bulgarian blood has been shed," and Mahmud Pasha that "hat we have taken is ours." In the end, none of the battlefields were retained in the 1287:, leading Russian diplomats to realize that the Bulgarians had already decided to go to war with Serbia. That caused Russia to cancel the arbitration initiative and angrily repudiate its 1902 treaty of alliance with Bulgaria. Bulgaria was shattering the Balkan League, Russia's best defence against Austrian–Hungarian expansionism, a structure that had cost Russia much blood, money and 1142:

The Bulgarians insisted that the Vardar Macedonian part of the agreement remained active, and the Serbs were still obliged to surrender the area as agreed. The Serbs responded by accusing the Bulgarians of maximalism, pointing out that if they lost both northern Albania and Vardar Macedonia, their participation in the common war would have been virtually for nothing.

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by Serbs in the annexed areas. The Serbian government showed no interest in preventing further outrages or investigating those that had happened. When the Carnegie Commission, composed of an international team of experts selected for their impartiality, arrived in the Balkans, they received virtually no assistance from Belgrade.

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The Bulgarian behaviour also had a long-term impact on Russo-Bulgarian relations. The uncompromising Bulgarian position to review the prewar agreement with Serbia during a second Russian initiative for arbitration finally led Russia to cancel its alliance with Bulgaria. Both acts made conflict with Romania and Serbia inevitable.

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levies; 14,204 volunteers; 14,424 in the border guards). The non-recoverable casualties during the First Balkan War were 33,000 men (14,000 killed and 19,000 died of disease). To replace these casualties, Bulgaria conscripted 60,000 men between the two wars, mainly from the newly occupied areas, using 21,000 of them to form the

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future war between the two countries inevitable. Soon, minor clashes broke out along the borders of the occupation zones with the Bulgarians against the Serbs and the Greeks. Responding to the perceived Bulgarian threat, Serbia started negotiations with Greece, which also had reasons to be concerned about Bulgarian intentions.

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due to the Great Powers' decision to establish the state of Albania, which had been recognized as Serbian territory under the prewar Serbo-Bulgarian treaty, in exchange for Bulgarian expansion in northern Macedonia. The Bulgarian reply to the Russian invitation contained so many conditions that it amounted to an

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casualties. On 28 June, the retreating Bulgarian army and irregulars burned down the major city of Serres (a predominantly Greek town surrounded by both Bulgarian – to the north and west – and Greek – to the east and south – villages), and the towns of

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and captured it on 25 July. The Ottoman invasion, more than the Romanian, incited panic among the peasantry, many of whom fled to the mountains. Among the leadership, it was recognized as a complete reversal of fortune. In the words of historian Richard Hall, "he battlefields of eastern Thrace, where

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On 26 June, the Bulgarian army received orders to destroy the opposing Greek forces and to advance towards Thessaloniki. The Greeks stopped them, and by 29 June, an order for a general counterattack was issued. At Kilkis, the Bulgarians had constructed strong defences, including captured Ottoman guns

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remarked that the 'new Serbs' had better political rights under the Turks. There was a destruction of Turkish buildings, schools, baths, mosques. In October and November 1913, British vice-consuls reported systematic intimidation, arbitrary detentions, beatings, rapes, village burnings and massacres

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The Second Balkan War made Serbia the most militarily powerful state south of the Danube. Years of military investment financed by French loans borne fruit. Central Vardar and the eastern half of the Sanjak of Novi Pazar were acquired. Its territory grew in extent from 18,650 to 33,891 square miles,

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The Greek army, commanded by King Constantine I, had eight divisions and a cavalry brigade (117,861 men) with 176 artillery guns in a line extending from the Gulf of Orphanos to the Gevgelija area. Since the Greek headquarters did not know where the Bulgarian attack would occur, the Bulgarians would

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than to a Division. Tactical necessities during and after the First Balkan War modified this original structure: a new 10th division was formed using two brigades from the 1st and 6th divisions, and an additional three independent brigades were formed from recruits. Nevertheless, the heavy structure

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had a unique organization among those of Europe since each infantry division had three brigades of two regiments, composed of four battalions of six heavy companies of 250 men each, plus an independent battalion, two large artillery regiments and one cavalry regiment, giving a total of 25 very heavy

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and the land between it and Romania and the Bulgarian refusal to accept any cession of its territory. However, the fact that Russia failed to protect the territorial integrity of Bulgaria made the Bulgarians uncertain of the reliability of the expected Russian arbitration of the dispute with Serbia.

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When Bulgaria called upon Serbia to honour the prewar agreement over northern Macedonia, the Serbs, displeased at the Great Powers' requiring them to give up their gains in north Albania, adamantly refused to evacuate any more territory. The developments ended the Serbo-Bulgarian alliance and made a

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The political upheavals and territorial shifts resulting from the Second Balkan War also resonated beyond Europe. The Indian Muslim community, with its strong pan-Islamic sentiment towards the Ottoman Empire, was significantly impacted. The Indian Red Crescent Mission's involvement with the Ottoman

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invited a Bulgarian delegation to treat with the allies directly at Niš in Serbia. The Serbs and Greeks, both now on the offensive, were in no rush to conclude a peace. On 22 July, Tsar Ferdinand sent a message to King Carol via the Italian ambassador in Bucharest. The Romanian armies halted before

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to the Aegean Sea. The army had been in place since May and was considered a veteran force, having fought at the siege of Edirne in the First Balkan War. Though General Ivanov, possibly to avoid any responsibility for his crushing defeat, claimed after the war that his army consisted of only 36,000

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were "Do not expect anything from us, and forget the existence of any of our agreements from 1902 until the present." Tsar Nicholas II of Russia was already angry with Bulgaria because the latter refused to honour its recently signed agreement with Romania over Silistra, which resulted from Russian

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When Bulgarian delegates in London bluntly warned the Serbs that they must not expect Bulgarian support on their Adriatic claims, the Serbs angrily replied that that was a blatant withdrawal from the prewar agreement of mutual understanding according to the Kriva Palanka-Adriatic line of expansion.

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The Serbian front had become static. Seeing that the Bulgarian Army in front of him had already been defeated, King Constantine ordered the Greek Army to march further into Bulgarian territory and take the capital city of Sofia. Constantine wanted a decisive victory despite objections by his Prime

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The primary Bulgarian attack was planned against the Serbs with their 1st, 3rd, 4th and 5th Armies, while the 2nd army was tasked with an attack toward Greek positions around Thessaloniki. However, in the crucial opening days of the war, only the 4th Army and 2nd Army were ordered to advance. This

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allies in the Balkans. On 8 June, he sent an identical personal message to the Kings of Bulgaria and Serbia, offering to act as arbitrator according to the provisions of the 1912 Serbo-Bulgarian treaty. Serbia was asking for a revision of the original treaty since it had already lost north Albania

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mobilized its army on 5 July 1913, intending to seize Southern Dobruja, and declared war on Bulgaria on 10 July. In a diplomatic circular that said, "Romania does not intend either to subjugate the polity nor defeat the army of Bulgaria," the Romanian government endeavoured to allay international

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divisions captured Lachanas. The defeat of the 2nd army by the Greeks was the most serious military disaster suffered by the Bulgarians in the Second Balkan War. Bulgarian sources give 6,971 casualties, over 6,000 prisoners, and over 130 artillery pieces captured by the Greeks, who suffered 8,700

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There is a dispute over the strength of the Bulgarian army during the Second Balkan War. At the outbreak of the First Balkan War, Bulgaria mobilized a total of 599,878 men (366,209 in the Active Army; 53,927 in the supplementing units; 53,983 in the National Militia; 94,526 from the 1912 and 1913

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party, Danev, as premier. There is some evidence that to overcome Tsar Ferdinand's reservations over a new war against Serbia and Greece, certain personalities in Sofia threatened to overthrow him. In any case, on 16 June, the Bulgarian high command, under the direct control of Tsar Ferdinand and

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Bulgarian Army and driven the Bulgarians entirely out of Macedonia. The defensive victory, along with the successes to the north of the 1st and 3rd armies, protected western Bulgaria from a Serbian invasion. Although this boosted the Bulgarians, the situation was critical in the south, with the

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and Odrin (Edirne) independent brigades. It is known that there were no demobilized men. According to the Bulgarian command, the army had 7,693 officers and 492,528 soldiers in its ranks on 16 June (including the three brigades mentioned above). This gives a difference of 99,657 men in strength

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plain to neutralize it and to capture northern Macedonia, together with a less concentrated one against the Greek military near Thessaloniki, which had approximately half the size of the Serbian army, to capture the city and south Macedonia. The Bulgarian high command was not sure whether their

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In the face of the advancing Ottomans, the outnumbered Bulgarian forces retreated to the prewar border. Edirne was abandoned on 19 July, but, since the Ottomans did not occupy it immediately, the Bulgarians re-occupied it the next day (20 July). Since it was apparent that the Ottomans were not

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The Greek army was exhausted and faced logistical difficulties, but resisted strenuously and launched local counterattacks. By 30 July, the Bulgarian army downscaled its attacks, having to repulse Greek counterattacks on both sides. On the eastern flank, the Greek army launched a counterattack

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By early June, the army of the Kingdom of Greece had some 142,000 armed men with nine infantry divisions and one cavalry brigade. The bulk of the army with eight divisions and a cavalry brigade (117,861 men) was gathered in Macedonia, positioned in an arc covering Thessaloniki to the north and

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However, the relations between the victorious Balkan allies quickly soured over the division of the spoils, specifically in Macedonia. During the prewar negotiations that resulted in the Balkan League's establishment, a secret agreement on 13 March 1912 was signed by Serbia and Bulgaria, which

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Bulgaria intended to defeat the Serbs and Greeks and to occupy areas as large as possible before the Great Powers interfered to end the hostilities. To provide the necessary superiority in arms, the entire Bulgarian army was committed to these operations. No provisions were made in case of an

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river in the northeastern Macedonia region. On 18 July, the Serbian 3rd army attacked, closing in on Bulgarian positions. The Bulgarians held firm, and the artillery successfully broke up the Serb attacks. If the Serbs had broken through the Bulgarian defences, they might have doomed the 2nd

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through the Predela pass. The offensive was stopped by the Bulgarians on the eastern side of the pass and fighting ground to a stalemate. On the western flank, an offensive was launched against Tsarevo Selo to reach the Serbian lines. This failed, and the Bulgarian army continued advancing,

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captured Gevgelija and the heights of Matsikovo. Consequentially, the Bulgarian line of retreat through Dojran was threatened, and Ivanov's army began a desperate retreat, threatening at times to become a rout. Reinforcements from the 14th division came too late, joining the retreat towards

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river. The plan to rapidly destroy the Serbian army in central Macedonia by concentrated attack turned out to be unrealistic, with the Bulgarian army starting to retreat even before Romanian intervention, and the Greek advance necessitated the disengagement of forces to defend Sofia.

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line (with both cities going to the Bulgarians) had been designated as a "disputed zone" under Russian arbitration, with the area to the south of this line assigned to Bulgaria. During the war, the Serbs succeeded in capturing an area far south of the agreed border, down to the

1165:. With this agreement, Serbia succeeded in making Greece a part of its dispute over northern Macedonia, since Greece had guaranteed Serbia's current (and disputed) occupation zone in Macedonia. In an attempt to halt the Serbo-Greek rapprochement, Bulgarian Prime Minister 1377:

between the two wars. In comparison, subtracting the actual number of casualties, including wounded and adding the newly conscripted men produces no less than 576,878 men. The army was experiencing shortages of war materials and had only 378,998 rifles at its disposal.

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and then after a Bulgarian retreat, along the Bregalnica. Internal confusion led to heavy Bulgarian losses in 1–3 July. The Serbs captured the whole 7th Division of the 4th Bulgarian Army, without any fight. By 8 July, the Bulgarian army had been severely defeated.

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concerns about its motives and about increased bloodshed. According to Richard Hall, "he entrance of Romania into the conflict made the Bulgarian situation untenable he Romanian thrust across the Danube was the decisive military act of the Second Balkan War."

2179:, formally ending their hostilities. On 14 March 1914, Serbia signed a treaty in Constantinople, restoring relations with the Ottoman Empire and reaffirming the 1913 Treaty of London. No treaty between Montenegro and the Ottoman Empire was ever signed. 1169:

signed a protocol with Greece on 21 May, agreeing on a permanent boundary between their respective forces, effectively accepting Greek control over southern Macedonia. However, his later dismissal ended the diplomatic targeting of Serbia.

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According to the Military Law of 1903, the armed forces of Bulgaria were divided into two categories: the Active Army and the National Militia. The core of the Armed forces consisted of nine infantry and one cavalry division. The

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Bulgaria had agreed to cede Southern Dobruja to Romania as early as 19 July. At the peace talks in Bucharest, the Romanians, having obtained their primary objective, were a voice for moderation. The Bulgarians hoped to keep the

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The army of the Kingdom of Serbia accounted for 348,000 men (out of which 252,000 were combatants) divided into three armies with ten divisions. Its main force was deployed on the Macedonian front along the Vardar River and near

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The lack of resistance to the Romanian invasion convinced the Ottomans to invade the territories just ceded to Bulgaria. The main object of the invasion was the recovery of Edirne (Adrianople), which was held by Major General

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The 4th Bulgarian army held the most important position in the attempted conquest of Serbian Macedonia. The fighting began on 29–30 June 1913, between the 4th Bulgarian army and the 1st and 3rd Serbian armies, first along the

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local power looking for a second opportunity to fulfill its national aspirations. After Bucharest, the head of the Bulgarian delegation, Tonchev, remarked that "ither the Powers will change , or we will destroy it."

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so many Bulgarian soldiers had died to win the First Balkan War, were again under Ottoman control." Like the Romanians, the Ottomans suffered no combat casualties but lost 4,000 soldiers to cholera. Some 8000

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to Romania. When Romania demanded its cession after the First Balkan War, Bulgaria's foreign minister offered instead some minor border changes, which excluded Silistra, and assurances for the rights of the

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forces were enough to defeat the Greek army but believed them to be enough for defending the south front as a worst-case scenario until the arrival of reinforcements after defeating the Serbs to the north.

982:) / 29 (N.S.) June 1913. Serbian and Greek armies repulsed the Bulgarian offensive and counterattacked, entering Bulgaria. With Bulgaria also having previously engaged in territorial disputes with 7418: 2204:

to Albania, was not well received in Greece; from the areas occupied during the war, Greece succeeded in gaining only the territories of Serres and Kavala after diplomatic support from Germany.

1747:, who realized that the Serbs, having won their territorial objectives, now adopted a passive stance and shifted the weight of carrying the rest of the war to the Greeks. In the pass of Kresna ( 1468:(stationed in Epirus) was transferred to the front, and with the arrival of recruits, the army's strength in the Macedonian theatre increased eventually to some 145,000 men with 176 guns. King 7660: 1996:

As the Romanian army closed in on Sofia, Bulgaria asked Russia to mediate. On 13 July, Prime Minister Stoyan Danev resigned in the face of Russian inactivity. On 17 July, the tsar appointed

1242:. Early evidence of the lack of realistic thinking in Bulgarian leadership was that although Russia had sent clear warnings expressed for the first time on 5 November 1912 (well before the 5959: 1597:

divisions attacked across the plain in rushes supported by artillery. The Greek Army suffered heavy casualties but carried the trenches by the next day. On the Bulgarian left, the Greek

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arbitration. Then Serbia and Greece proposed that each of the three countries reduce its army by one-fourth as a first step to facilitate a peaceful solution, but Bulgaria rejected it.

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reached the Enos–Midia line and on 20 July 1913 crossed the line and invaded Bulgaria. The entire Ottoman invasion force contained between 200,000 and 250,000 men under the command of

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with a mere 4,000 troops. Most Bulgarian forces occupying East Thrace had been withdrawn to face the Serbo-Greek attack earlier in the year. On 12 July, Ottoman troops garrisoning

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the adjustment of the common frontier in Dobrudja had dominated diplomatic relations between Romania and Bulgaria ever since the aftermath of the Congress of Berlin (1878).

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The territorial gains of the Balkan states after the First Balkan War and the line of expansion according to the pre-war secret agreement between Serbia and Bulgaria

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lands during the Balkan Wars fostered a deeper connection between Indian Muslims and the Ottoman cause, influencing political movements in India, including the

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Bulgaria was already on the track to war since a new cabinet had been formed in Bulgaria where the pacifist Geshov was replaced by the hardliner and head of a

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The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Report of the International Commission to Inquire into the Causes and Conduct of the Balkan war (1914), p. 83

7818: 7243: 5909: 5393: 1810: 5864: 1253:, Tsar Ferdinand's ambition in crowning himself Emperor in Constantinople also proved unrealistic when the Bulgarian army failed to capture the city in the 8017: 5874: 5247: 6033: 5999: 1755:-type battle, was applying pressure on their flanks. However, after bitter fighting, the Greek side managed to break through the Kresna pass and captured 1157:

On 19 May/1 June 1913, two days after the signing of the Treaty of London and just 28 days before the Bulgarian attack, Greece and Serbia signed a secret

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made additional gains in northern Macedonia and, having fulfilled its aspirations to the south, turned its attention to the north where its rivalry with

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When the delegations met in Bucharest on 30 July, the Serbs were led by Pašić, the Montenegrins by Vukotić, the Greeks by Venizelos, the Romanians by

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Photo of a Greek (left) and Bulgarian (right) sentry at the port of Thessaloniki during the period of joint occupation before the outbreak of the war.

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and Pirin Macedonia, which it had occupied during operations. The retreat from the areas that had to be ceded to Bulgaria, together with the loss of

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against the Ottomans in 1878. Its peacetime strength was 6,149 officers and 94,170 men, and it was well equipped by Balkan standards, possessing 126

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with Austria-Hungary, signing a military alliance, and on 28 June, officially warned Bulgaria that it would not remain neutral in a new Balkan war.

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to the Bulgarians, in Pašić's words, "in honour of General Fichev," who had brought Bulgarian arms to the door of Constantinople in the first war.

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especially in the south. However, after three days of fighting at the sectors of Pehchevo and Mahomia, the Greek forces retained their positions.

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performed photoreconnaissance and propaganda leaflet drops. Sofia became the first capital city in the world to be overflown by enemy aircraft.

1190:, Bulgaria agreed to give up Silistra. The resulting agreement was a compromise between the Romanian demands for the city, two triangles at the 5042: 4734: 4301: 3149: 2149:. The Radoslavov government continued negotiating with the Ottomans in the hopes of forming an alliance. These talks finally bore fruit in the 1979: 1967:

To help Bulgaria repulse the rapid Ottoman advance in Thrace, Russia threatened to attack the Ottoman Empire through the Caucasus and send its

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Iordachi, Constantin (2017). "Diplomacy and the Making of a Geopolitical Question: The Romanian-Bulgarian Conflict over Dobrudja, 1878–1947".

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was chief of the Bulgarian general staff and a member of the delegation in Bucharest at the time. When Fichev explained why Bulgaria deserved

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determined their future boundaries, effectively sharing northern Macedonia. In case of a postwar disagreement, the area to the north of the

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and the bulk of Bulgarian forces engaged in the south, the prospect of an easy victory incited Romanian intervention against Bulgaria. The

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also took advantage of the situation to regain some lost territories from the previous war. When Romanian troops approached the capital

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The Bulgarian command began to transfer troops to Thrace and on 20 July, with increasing resistance, the Turkish advance was halted.

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As part of the Treaty of Constantinople, 46,764 Orthodox Bulgarians from Ottoman Thrace were exchanged for 48,570 Muslims (Turks,

2050:. Austro-Hungarian and Russian pressure forced Serbia to be satisfied with most of northern Macedonia, conceding only the town of 7943: 7694: 1506:. Upon mobilizing, the Romanian army mustered 417,720 men allocated to five army corps. Some 80,000 were assembled to occupy the 3391:"The villages around it are Bulgarian to the north and west, but a rural Greek population approaches it from the south and east" 1845:. The initial occupation completed, Romanian forces were divided into two groups: one advanced westward, towards Ferdinand (now 7761: 7332: 5482: 4672: 3736: 2859: 2244: 856: 7744: 7512: 7440: 5635: 5477: 5143: 5103: 5075: 4325: 4225: 4062: 3939: 3771: 3693: 3447: 3420: 3238: 3205: 3108: 3032: 2046:

as the boundary between their share of Macedonia and Serbia's. The latter preferred to retain all of Macedonia as far as the

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Sofia. Romania proposed that talks be moved to Bucharest, and the delegations took a train from Niš to Bucharest on 24 July.

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called himself the "Second Conqueror of Edirne," although the conquering forces had met no resistance on the way to Edirne.

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was brother-in-law to the Greek king—and France secured Kavala for Greece. Bulgaria retained the underdeveloped port of

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The Montenegrins at Bucharest were primarily interested in obtaining a favourable concession from Serbia in the former

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The last day of negotiations was 8 August. On 10 August, Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro, Romania, and Serbia signed the

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At the strong insistence of Austria-Hungary and Italy, both hoping to control for themselves the state and thus the

1983:, Ottoman forces perpetrated atrocities against the Bulgarians in Eastern Thrace during the invasion and aftermath. 1713:

assumed control of the 4th and 5th Bulgarian armies. The Bulgarians dug into strong positions around the village of

1048: 8095: 7788: 7378: 6948: 5505: 4407: 2114:

to pressure Bulgaria to make peace. Bulgaria sent a three-member delegation—General Mihail Savov and the diplomats

1955:

The Ottoman armies did not stop at the old border but crossed into Bulgarian territory. A cavalry unit advanced on

6822: 5730: 8100: 7711: 5640: 4990: 4626: 2735: 2636: 2594: 2573: 2142: 2105: 1009:

The political developments and military preparations for the Second Balkan War attracted an estimated 200 to 300

999: 101: 7071: 1964:

fighting for the Ottomans were wounded. The sacrifice of these Armenians was praised greatly in Turkish papers.

1873: 8090: 8085: 7793: 6983: 6459: 6374: 5725: 4998: 4691: 4003: 3996:

The Balkan wars: conquest, revolution, and retribution from the Ottoman era to the twentieth century and beyond

2279: 1937: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1465: 1158: 1010: 4518: 2127: 2000:

to head a pro-German and Russophobic government. On 20 July, via Saint Petersburg, the Serbian Prime Minister

1345: 590: 8105: 7677: 6616: 5452: 4585: 4550: 3390: 2794: 1936:

stopping, it was abandoned a second time on 21 July and occupied by the Ottomans on 23 July. Edirne had been

1797: 1551: 998:, in which Bulgaria had to cede portions of its First Balkan War gains to Serbia, Greece and Romania. In the 929: 894: 6938: 6705: 5735: 7948: 7734: 7517: 6364: 6190: 6184: 6136: 5816: 5128: 4677: 2286:

of World War I). The resulting enormous sacrifices during World War I and renewed defeat caused Bulgaria a

1929: 1921: 1487: 6226: 5348: 4193: 8070: 6842: 6792: 6369: 5377: 3178:

Tsarigrade/Istanbul and the Spatial Construction of Bulgarian National Identity in the Nineteenth Century

3041: 2291: 2122:—to Constantinople to negotiate peace on 6 September. The Ottoman delegation was led by Foreign Minister 1925: 1917: 1771:. Meanwhile, the Greek forces continued their march inland into western Thrace, on 26 July, they entered 1250: 1191: 1149: 7278: 6009: 4492: 1759:

on 26 July, while at the night of 27–28 July, the Bulgarian forces were pushed north to Gorna Dzhumaya (

8075: 8050: 7852: 7699: 7532: 7326: 7218: 7213: 6943: 6832: 6584: 6179: 5768: 5495: 5179: 5154: 5058: 4621: 4580: 3005: 2835: 2817: 2696: 2074: 2036: 995: 939: 919: 96: 6680: 5715: 4442: 1486:

The Kingdom of Romania had the largest army in the Balkans, although it had not seen action since the

1254: 1243: 8055: 7585: 7433: 7136: 6685: 6610: 6251: 5500: 5088: 4970: 4960: 4852: 4822: 4447: 4218: 3634: 7672: 4911: 3830: 3182: 3145: 2950:"A novel method to combat the cholera epidemic among the Romanian Army during the Balkan War – 1913" 1182:

in Macedonia. Romania threatened to occupy Bulgarian territory by force, but a Russian proposal for

7845: 7667: 7638: 7368: 7171: 7161: 6857: 6817: 6642: 6408: 5944: 5650: 5625: 5610: 5540: 5457: 5322: 4869: 4815: 4291: 2374: 1325: 6720: 6299: 2984:"Epidemiile în istorie | O epidemie uitată. Holera, România și al Doilea Război Balcanic din 1913" 8065: 8060: 7887: 7320: 7191: 7156: 7131: 7116: 7041: 7036: 7013: 7003: 6883: 6827: 6762: 6732: 6494: 6017: 5894: 5806: 5698: 5545: 5271: 4832: 4770: 4555: 4523: 4472: 4387: 4345: 4110: 2987: 2825: 2802: 2454: 2431: 2410: 2397: 2387: 2364: 2240: 1632: 1469: 1216: 1076: 899: 481: 283: 6314: 5620: 3959: 1825:

until it was clear that there would be no Bulgarian resistance. On the night of 14–15 July, the

7771: 7643: 7623: 7561: 7111: 7076: 6998: 6988: 6933: 6659: 6603: 6504: 6484: 6324: 6241: 6146: 5858: 5670: 5665: 5550: 5430: 5359: 4948: 4775: 4595: 4575: 4402: 2560: 2441: 2359: 1945: 1920:

was stationed at the eastern (Midia) end of the line. From east to west it was followed by the

1830: 1748: 1433: 1417: 1166: 944: 914: 517: 457: 7106: 6524: 6398: 6038: 5904: 5720: 5595: 4565: 3181:. CAS Sofia Working Paper Series. Central and Eastern European Online Library. pp. 1–18. 2539: 1779:. On 28 July, the Bulgarian army, under heavy pressure, was forced to abandon Gorna Dzhumaya. 909: 7897: 7682: 7337: 7208: 7203: 7091: 7081: 6888: 6403: 6141: 5590: 5398: 5287: 5159: 4864: 4837: 4590: 4482: 4432: 4412: 4377: 4315: 4258: 3817: 3437: 3230: 2604: 2275: 1744: 1405: 1393: 1389: 1275: 1227: 1223: 1044: 924: 650: 536: 524: 512: 243: 7581: 6737: 6126: 5615: 5408: 5307: 5098: 4906: 1879:

Romania did not count any combat casualties during its brief war. Its forces were struck by

1556:

The Bulgarian 2nd army in southern Macedonia, commanded by General Ivanov, held a line from

7650: 7489: 7484: 7426: 6787: 6782: 6626: 6469: 6429: 6388: 5811: 5778: 5675: 5339: 5224: 5191: 5016: 4847: 4560: 4211: 2516: 2161: 2093: 1673: 1664: 904: 505: 7840: 7293: 6918: 6111: 5530: 5203: 3847: 1460:

northeast of the city, while one division and independent units (24,416 men) were left in

1130:

shortly before the Bulgarians arrived and establishing a common Greek border with Serbia.

8: 7823: 7655: 7176: 7051: 6993: 6968: 6862: 6474: 6393: 6291: 6268: 6258: 5919: 5826: 5783: 5600: 5525: 5515: 4765: 4570: 4513: 4382: 4310: 4286: 3809: 2623: 2169: 2165: 1703: 1678: 1668: 1274:

As skirmishing continued in Macedonia, mainly between Serbian and Bulgarian troops, Tsar

1234:, since it included both Eastern and Western Thrace and all Macedonia with Thessaloniki, 1102: 1036: 963: 934: 89: 7308: 7166: 7146: 7056: 6913: 6440: 6304: 6023: 5382: 4985: 3885:"ECommons@Cornell: Carnegie Report, the Serbian army during the Second Balkan War, 1913" 421: 7989: 7591: 7283: 7273: 7258: 6963: 6958: 6953: 6812: 6777: 6700: 6631: 6569: 6514: 6489: 6464: 6435: 6359: 6349: 6309: 6106: 5989: 5939: 5849: 5755: 5313: 5298: 5292: 5257: 5235: 5229: 5164: 5133: 4953: 4943: 4938: 4921: 4842: 4827: 4467: 4452: 4437: 4397: 4392: 4275: 4138: 3884: 3662: 2830: 2807: 2782: 2213: 1802: 1307: 1288: 1060: 983: 630: 464: 452: 445: 440: 213: 133: 6757: 6690: 5964: 5934: 5660: 4744: 1864:, a suburb only 7 miles (11 km) from Sofia. The Romanians and Serbs linked up at 1698:

and forced Serbian Command to send reinforcements to the 2nd army defending Pirot and

7914: 7828: 7766: 7729: 7046: 6973: 6928: 6908: 6893: 6852: 6807: 6772: 6653: 6479: 6169: 6131: 5994: 5979: 5773: 5605: 5571: 5467: 5414: 5252: 5218: 5185: 4965: 4931: 4810: 4457: 4417: 4340: 4330: 4172: 4148: 4124: 4077: 4058: 4026: 4009: 3999: 3980: 3935: 3767: 3689: 3666: 3654: 3443: 3416: 3412:

The Balkan Cockpit – The Political and Military Story of the Balkan Wars in Macedonia

3234: 3223: 3201: 3104: 2961: 2949: 2730: 2504: 2341: 2264: 2248: 2232: 2225: 2001: 1913: 1846: 1842: 1714: 1449: 1421: 1126:

line (both in Serbian hands). At the same time, the Greeks advanced north, occupying

1040: 975: 971: 640: 620: 578: 500: 488: 476: 428: 416: 404: 397: 392: 343: 228: 198: 153: 143: 7268: 4916: 3740: 2110:

In August, Ottoman forces established a provisional government of Western Thrace at

1510:, while an army of 250,000 was assembled to carry the main offensive into Bulgaria. 1278:

tried to stop the upcoming conflict since Russia did not wish to lose either of its

7902: 7575: 7571: 7263: 7151: 7141: 7126: 7121: 7066: 6978: 6903: 6742: 6726: 6695: 6675: 6636: 6539: 6529: 6519: 6509: 6448: 6354: 6343: 6214: 6207: 6151: 5889: 5745: 5520: 5510: 5282: 5209: 5027: 4857: 4706: 4701: 4631: 4487: 4477: 4427: 4362: 4162: 3646: 2283: 2176: 2123: 2119: 2086: 2078: 2024: 1997: 1944:

in the 1360s and had served as the first European capital of the Empire before the

1752: 1694:

On the north, the Bulgarians started to advance towards the Serbian border town of

1507: 1473: 1264: 1028: 1022: 967: 493: 139: 129: 77: 6752: 4980: 4879: 4197: 3650: 1480: 541: 433: 8012: 7983: 7909: 7565: 7494: 7303: 7096: 7019: 7008: 6923: 6802: 6648: 6551: 6263: 5788: 5740: 5630: 5388: 5197: 4805: 4795: 4696: 4281: 4253: 4166: 4142: 4114: 4092: 4052: 4041: 3929: 3410: 3397: 2547: 2287: 2217: 2201: 2096:. They did it, later confirming it in a treaty signed at Belgrade on 7 November. 2082: 2067: 1968: 1822: 1401: 1397: 1162: 1137:

The Serbian-Bulgarian pre-war division of Macedonia, including the contested area

331: 307: 3931:

Southern Albania or Northern Epirus in European International Affairs, 1912–1923

1524: 1080: 7181: 7101: 7086: 7061: 6797: 6767: 6670: 6534: 5798: 5704: 5690: 4975: 4886: 4462: 4320: 4268: 3635:"Armenians and the Cleansing of Muslims 1878–1915: Influences from the Balkans" 2685: 2529: 2271: 2209: 2197: 2047: 2009: 1652: 1639:. On 11 July, the Greeks came in contact with the Serbs and then pushed up the 1565: 1538: 1453: 1355: 1292: 1279: 1097: 1052: 987: 660: 585: 573: 561: 549: 409: 379: 258: 149: 124: 7546: 2138: 1647:

and then penetrated inland to western Thrace. On 19 July, the Greeks captured

1404:

respectively) were deployed along the old Serbian-Bulgarian borders, with the

1303: 8044: 7596: 7186: 6847: 6665: 6454: 5372: 5002: 4800: 4350: 3658: 3014: 2426: 2405: 2382: 2239:, Albania acquired officially its independence according to the terms of the 2115: 1437: 1409: 1373: 1110: 1032: 367: 355: 319: 4013: 2274:

since its Balkan enemies (Serbia, Montenegro, Greece, and Romania) were pro-

2145:

of 30 September. In October, Bulgarian forces finally returned south of the

1321: 1226:

and the military leadership around him, exceeded the provisions of the 1878

1173:

Another point of friction arose: Bulgaria's refusal to cede the fortress of

7978: 7892: 7633: 7360: 6878: 6837: 6594: 4785: 4780: 4296: 3843: 2965: 2704: 2631: 2589: 2568: 2524: 2449: 1865: 1710: 1640: 1619: 1499: 1296: 1258: 1127: 295: 5487: 3954:

Wasti, Syed Tanvir. "The Indian Red Crescent Mission to the Balkan Wars."

2948:

Leașu, Florin; Nemeț, Codruța; Borzan, Cristina; Rogozea, Liliana (2015).

2028:

Map showing the final territorial gains of the Balkan countries after the

1380: 7968: 7606: 7601: 7456: 7383: 6420: 6334: 5579: 5066: 4926: 4896: 4790: 4686: 4263: 4234: 2709: 2055: 2029: 1949: 1891: 1814: 1760: 1643:. Meanwhile, the Greek forces, with the support of their navy, landed in 1557: 1314: 1183: 1072: 566: 469: 120: 32: 7819:

Soviet occupation of Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina and the Hertsa region

3810:"Balkan devletleriyle Türkiye arasındaki nüfus mübadeleleri (1912–1930)" 1702:. This enabled Bulgarians to stop the Serbian offensive in Macedonia at 1581:

have temporary local superiority in the location chosen for the attack.

1479:

The Kingdom of Montenegro sent one division of 12,000 men under General

1212: 6715: 6710: 5763: 4901: 4335: 2270:

To this end, it participated in the First World War on the side of the

2255: 2228:

of 1911 over Libya, despite the agreement that ended that war in 1912.

2221: 2063: 1861: 1723: 1718: 1413: 1231: 1179: 1092: 1003: 3688:] (in Bulgarian). Sofia: Millenium (published 2015). p. 178. 1905: 1429: 1064: 4057:(1.udg. ed.). Athens: Hellenic Army General Staff. p. 260. 3958:, Taylor & Francis, published online 11 June 2009. Available at: 3848:

Ottoman Population, 1830–1914, Demographic and Social Characteristics

2131: 1961: 1734: 1491: 1284: 1123: 1084: 979: 1425: 848: 40: 4891: 4198:

1914–1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War

2236: 2146: 2111: 1909: 1834: 1818: 1776: 1648: 1635:

on 5 July but were unable to cut off the Bulgarian retreat through

1628: 1561: 1495: 1239: 1174: 554: 1852:

On 18 July, Romania took Ferdinand, and on 20 July, they occupied

1655:, thus cutting off the Bulgarians completely from the Aegean sea. 7882: 7451: 7403: 7393: 7388: 1941: 1784: 1756: 1623: 1611: 1195: 1056: 2051: 1860:

north of Sofia. On 23 July, advanced cavalry forces had entered

7373: 5333: 2205: 2157: 2059: 2043: 1956: 1853: 1772: 1644: 1615: 1534: 1461: 1445: 1369: 1333: 1235: 1119: 1068: 4203: 2164:) from Bulgarian Thrace. After the exchange, according to the 1699: 1572: 1520:

Order of battle of the Bulgarian Army in the Second Balkan War

1349:

Concentrations of the forces of the Balkan states in June 1913

3960:

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00263200902853389

1869: 1838: 1768: 1695: 1503: 1360: 1114: 991: 7841:

Recovery attempt of Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina and Hertsa

3977:

Defeat in Detail: The Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912–1913

7398: 1651:, and on 25 July, in another amphibious operation, entered 1088: 4023:

The Balkan Wars, 1912–1913: Prelude to the First World War

1222:

In 1912, Bulgaria's national aspirations, as expressed by

3764:

The major international treaties of the twentieth century

3176: 3007:

Serviciul Sanitar al Armatei Române în perioada 1914–1919

45:

Map of the mainland operations of the Allied belligerents

2854: 2852: 2224:

islands in the Aegean, which it had occupied during the

1821:

to Balchik. The corps cavalry occupied the port city of

3595: 2947: 2220:. Italy used the excuse of the Balkan wars to keep the 2216:

led the two countries to war a year later igniting the

1809:

On the day of Romania's declaration, 80,000 men of the

2911: 1472:

assumed command of the Greek forces, with Lt. General

3583: 3543: 2849: 2137:

Resigned to losing Edirne, the Bulgarians played for

1971:

to Constantinople; this caused Britain to intervene.

1545: 1456:

as his chief of staff and effective field commander.

8018:

2018 unification declarations in Moldova and Romania

5057: 2168:, there remained 14,908 Bulgarians belonging to the 1291:

during the last 35 years. Russia's Foreign Minister

994:, Bulgaria asked for an armistice, resulting in the 6500:

Liberation of Serbia, Albania and Montenegro (1918)

3456: 3336:, vol. III, Ministry of Army, 1932, p. 97 966:, dissatisfied with its share of the spoils of the 7289:December 14, 1998, Albanian–Yugoslav border ambush 3366:, vol. C, Ministry of Army, 1932, p. 116 3222: 7244:Albanian–Yugoslav border incident (December 1998) 3322:, vol. I, Ministry of War, 1932, p. 158 3308:, vol. I, Ministry of War, 1937, p. 566 2085:, to Bulgaria; and the coastal and largest part, 8042: 7834:Population exchange between Bulgaria and Romania 2267:and the eventual founding of the Muslim League. 1295:'s exact words to Bulgaria's new Prime Minister 7518:Independence and annexation of Northern Dobruja 7299:July 18, 1998, Albanian–Yugoslav border clashes 7254:April 23, 1998, Albanian–Yugoslav border ambush 4054:A concise history of the Balkan Wars, 1912–1913 2860:"Bulgarian troops loses during the Balkan Wars" 2196:The treaties forced the Greek Army to evacuate 8008:Centenary of the Great Union Anniversary Medal 7460: 4094:Drugi balkanski rat 1913: Tok i završetak rata 1980:Destruction of the Thracian Bulgarians in 1913 1631:and the Bulgarian border. The Greeks captured 7434: 7249:Albania–Yugoslav border incident (April 1999) 5043: 4219: 3880:The Serbian Army during the Second Balkan War 3737:"Turkey in the First World War – Balkan Wars" 3320:The war between Bulgaria and Balkan Countries 3306:The war between Bulgaria and Turkey 1912–1913 3276: 3274: 2743: 2719: 2175:On 14 November 1913, Greece and the Ottomans 864: 7690:Romanian military intervention in Bessarabia 6575:Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War 4123:] (in French). Lausanne: L’Age d’Homme. 3560: 3558: 3195: 2647: 2465: 1868:on 25 July, isolating the important city of 234: 16:Bulgaria's invasion of its neighbours (1913) 7974:Day of the Union of Bessarabia with Romania 7359: 7198:NATO intervention in Bosnia and Herzegovina 4171:. Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press. 3993: 1681:during the Second Balkan War, in June 1913. 1585:which dominated the plain below. The Greek 65:(1 month, 1 week and 5 days) 7441: 7427: 5050: 5036: 4226: 4212: 3862: 3860: 3791: 3789: 3787: 3785: 3783: 3719: 3717: 3715: 3713: 3711: 3709: 3707: 3705: 3616: 3614: 3612: 3610: 3533: 3531: 3529: 3516: 3514: 3512: 3510: 3508: 3506: 3504: 3502: 3477: 3475: 3473: 3471: 3346: 3344: 3271: 3214: 2901: 2757: 2661: 2479: 2316: 2302: 1738:Greek troops advancing in the Kresna Gorge 1576:Greek lithograph of the battle of Lachanas 1448:. Its nominal commander-in-chief was King 871: 857: 712:140 artillery pieces captured or destroyed 171: 6622:June 1941 uprising in eastern Herzegovina 4168:History of the Balkans: Twentieth Century 4109: 4039: 3761: 3755: 3555: 3082: 3080: 3078: 3076: 3074: 3072: 3070: 3068: 3066: 2928: 2926: 2899: 2897: 2895: 2893: 2891: 2889: 2887: 2885: 2883: 2881: 2773: 1249:Although the Bulgarian army succeeded in 204: 4617:Provisional Government of Western Thrace 4161: 4137: 4071: 3974: 3927: 3679: 3442:. Cornell University Press. p. 30. 3280: 3220: 3140: 3138: 3136: 3103:. Vol. 4. Brill. pp. 291–393. 3098: 3019:Ion Creangă State Pedagogical University 2917: 2495: 2332: 2023: 1986: 1890: 1817:invaded Dobruja, occupying a front from 1791: 1733: 1672: 1571: 1523: 1464:. With the eruption of hostilities, the 1379: 1344: 1320: 1302: 1263: 1211: 1188:Protocol of St. Petersburg of 9 May 1913 1186:prevented hostilities. In the resulting 1148: 1132: 219: 189: 7944:1 Decembrie 1918 University, Alba Iulia 3857: 3780: 3702: 3607: 3526: 3499: 3487: 3468: 3371: 3341: 3259: 3247: 3174: 3168: 2981: 2012:and the Bulgarians by Finance Minister 1886: 8043: 7333:Dubrava Prison bombings and executions 5483:Mongol invasion of Bulgaria and Serbia 5304:Ottoman invasion of Serbia (1454–1455) 5279:Ottoman invasion of Serbia (1439–1444) 4050: 3682:Балканските войни на българската армия 3632: 3589: 3564: 3549: 3435: 3286: 3229:. Cambridge University Press. p. 3198:The Rise of Nationality in the Balkans 3156: 3063: 3003: 2923: 2878: 2019: 1895:Ahmed Izzet Pasha in uniform (c. 1913) 1207: 7745:Great National Assembly of Alba Iulia 7513:Unification of Moldavia and Wallachia 7422: 5478:Serbian conflict with the Nogai Horde 5429:Serbian invasion of Macedonia led by 5031: 4207: 4090: 3807: 3729: 3686:The Balkan wars of the Bulgarian army 3408: 3364:The Greek Army during the Balkan Wars 3334:The Greek Army during the Balkan Wars 3185:from the original on 13 October 2017. 3152:from the original on 7 November 2009. 3133: 2999: 2997: 2977: 2975: 2943: 2941: 2866:from the original on 29 December 2011 1440:was detailed against the Greek army. 878: 852: 7661:Central Powers occupation of Romania 4020: 3866: 3795: 3766:. Taylor & Francis. p. 50. 3723: 3620: 3601: 3537: 3520: 3493: 3481: 3462: 3377: 3350: 3292: 3265: 3253: 3162: 3086: 2932: 2905: 2254:After its defeat, Bulgaria became a 2126:, assisted by future Naval Minister 1528:Initial Bulgarian plan of operations 6580:Albanian-Yugoslav Border War (1921) 6122:Montenegrin–Ottoman War (1876–1878) 6117:Montenegrin–Ottoman War (1861–1862) 6102:Montenegrin–Ottoman War (1852–1853) 5463:Byzantine–Hungarian War (1127–1129) 5420:Byzantine–Hungarian War (1127–1129) 5404:Byzantine–Hungarian War (1149–1155) 4745:Initial phase of the Greek genocide 4648:1913 Romanian Army cholera outbreak 3956:Journal of Southern African Studies 3808:Önder, Selahattin (6 August 2018). 2099: 2081:went to Serbia; the smallest part, 1932:, which was stationed at Gelibolu. 1513: 1031:, which began in October 1912, the 962:was a conflict that broke out when 13: 5319:Ottoman invasion of Serbia in 1456 5276:Ottoman invasion of Serbia in 1438 5268:Ottoman invasion of Serbia in 1437 5265:Ottoman invasion of Serbia in 1427 5262:Ottoman invasion of Serbia in 1425 4103: 3891:from the original on 14 April 2015 3639:Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs 3225:A short history of modern Bulgaria 3101:Entangled Histories of the Balkans 2994: 2972: 2938: 2297: 1729: 1546:Bulgarian offensive against Greece 1340: 1071:), leaving the Ottomans with only 14: 8122: 8111:Wars involving the Ottoman Empire 6899:1991 Yugoslav campaign in Croatia 5492:Hungarian–Serbian War (1321-1324) 5332:Ottoman invasion and conquest of 5094:Bulgarian–Serbian wars of 917–924 4249:Nationalism in the Ottoman Empire 4186: 3928:Stickney, Edith Pierpont (1926). 3852:The University of Wisconsin Press 7545: 7450: 7315:Insurgency in the Preševo Valley 6949:Battle of the Dalmatian Channels 6221:Herzegovina uprising (1852–1862) 6202:Serbian-Turkish Wars (1876–1878) 5506:Serbian nobility conflict (1369) 5437:Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347 5425:Byzantine civil war of 1321–1328 5059:Wars and battles involving Serbs 4147:. Malden: Blackwell Publishing. 3739:. Turkeyswar.com. Archived from 3200:. Charleston, SC: BiblioBazaar. 3051:from the original on 7 June 2011 2775: 2759: 2678: 2663: 2497: 2481: 2334: 2318: 2077:and divided Macedonia in three: 1679:wireless field telegraph station 1658: 813: 794: 772: 750: 728: 687: 659: 649: 639: 629: 619: 606: 584: 572: 560: 548: 535: 523: 511: 499: 487: 475: 463: 451: 439: 427: 415: 403: 391: 373: 361: 349: 337: 325: 313: 301: 289: 277: 251: 236: 221: 206: 191: 173: 39: 7762:Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye 7740:Great Romanian National Council 7712:Romanian occupation of Pokuttia 7523:Romanian annexation of Silistra 5641:Battle of Saint Gotthard (1705) 5586:Hungarian campaign of 1527–1528 5099:Bulgarian–Serbian border revolt 4233: 3948: 3921: 3908: 3872: 3837: 3801: 3673: 3626: 3570: 3429: 3402: 3383: 3356: 3326: 3312: 3298: 3189: 3120: 3092: 3004:Stoica, Vasile Leontin (2012). 2954:Acta medico-historica Adriatica 2151:Secret Bulgarian–Ottoman Treaty 2106:Treaty of Constantinople (1913) 1653:Dedeagac (today Alexandroupoli) 1051:) succeeded in driving out the 7705:Romanian occupation of Hungary 6984:Battle of the Miljevci Plateau 6460:Battle of the Crna Bend (1916) 6175:Adriatic campaign of 1807–1814 5681:Austro-Turkish War (1788–1791) 5646:Austro-Turkish War (1716–1718) 4735:Bulgarians deportation program 4306:Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising 4072:Schurman, Jacob Gould (2004). 4040:Lazarević, Milutin D. (1955). 3905:, Christopher Clark, pp. 42–45 3580:. T. Werner Laurie LTD, p. 336 3025: 1202: 970:, attacked its former allies, 47:(amphibious actions not shown) 1: 6823:Operation Rösselsprung (1944) 6748:Nagykanizsa–Körmend Offensive 6617:Uprising in Montenegro (1941) 6232:Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) 5822:Russo-Swedish War (1741–1743) 5731:Kočina Krajina Serb rebellion 5656:Russo-Turkish War (1735–1739) 5636:Rákóczi's War of Independence 5453:Hungarian invasions of Europe 4586:Romanian landings in Bulgaria 4121:History of the Serbian People 3934:. Stanford University Press. 3651:10.1080/13602004.2019.1654186 3436:Downes, Alexander B. (2008). 3409:Price, W.H. Crawfurd (2008). 3196:Seton-Watson, R. W. (2009) . 2982:Ciupală, Alin (25 May 2020). 2843: 2795:Romanian landings in Bulgaria 1798:Romanian landings in Bulgaria 1564:, Serres and then across the 1055:from its European provinces ( 1016: 7949:National Museum of the Union 7735:General Congress of Bukovina 7528:Conquest of Southern Dobruja 6191:Hungarian Revolution of 1848 6137:Battles for Plav and Gusinje 5817:War of the Polish Succession 5129:Bulgarian-Serbian War (1330) 5124:Bulgarian-Serbian War (1291) 5119:Bulgarian-Serbian War (1290) 5114:Bulgarian-Serbian War (1203) 5109:Bulgarian-Serbian War (1202) 4678:Greco-Turkish crisis of 1914 4074:The Balkan Wars 1912 to 1913 3975:Erickson, Edward J. (2003). 3680:Stoyanov, Alexander (2014). 3633:Dennis, Brad (3 July 2019). 3126:"Correspondants de guerre", 2182: 1991: 1883:, which cut down 1,600 men. 1502:batteries made primarily by 1488:Romanian War of Independence 824:negligible combat casualties 761:negligible combat casualties 7: 7533:Treaty of Bucharest of 1916 6843:Stratsin-Kumanovo operation 6793:Operation Southeast Croatia 5378:Slav Uprising in Pomoravlje 4673:Autonomy of Northern Epirus 4097:. Vojnoistorijski Institut. 3994:Gerolymatos, André (2002). 3415:. Read Books. p. 347. 3042:Hellenic Army General Staff 2627: 2608: 2585: 2564: 2543: 2520: 1977:According to the 1918 book 837:c. 76,000 combat casualties 10: 8127: 7853:Paris Peace Treaties, 1947 7327:NATO bombing of Yugoslavia 7219:Operation Maritime Monitor 7214:Operation Deliberate Force 6944:Siege of Bjelovar Barracks 6939:Siege of Varaždin Barracks 6833:Operation Spring Awakening 6706:Capture of Banja Koviljača 6375:Siege of Odrin (1912–1913) 5736:Battle of Martinići (1796) 5726:Serb uprising of 1737–1739 5711:Serb Uprising of 1596–1597 5368:Serb Uprising of 1038–1042 5180:Fall of the Serbian Empire 4692:Ottoman–Bulgarian alliance 4051:Gedeon, Dimitrios (1998). 3967: 3439:Targeting Civilians in War 3221:Crampton, Richard (1987). 2818:Southern Dobruja Offensive 2816: 2793: 2744:Bulgarian–Romanian battles 2718: 2695: 2622: 2603: 2582: 2559: 2538: 2515: 2440: 2419: 2396: 2373: 2103: 2037:Treaty of Bucharest (1913) 2034: 1795: 1662: 1549: 1517: 1230:, considered even then as 1020: 719:: 65,927 killed or wounded 8081:Wars involving Montenegro 7998: 7961: 7957: 7939: 7932: 7873: 7866: 7811: 7781: 7750:Declaration of Alba Iulia 7720: 7622: 7615: 7554: 7543: 7505: 7477: 7470: 7352: 7229: 7029: 6871: 6858:Battle of Sarajevo (1945) 6686:1942 Montenegro offensive 6611:Uprising in Serbia (1941) 6593: 6550: 6419: 6333: 6290: 6283: 6252:Battle of Sarajevo (1878) 6227:Krivošije uprising (1869) 6185:Priest Jovica's Rebellion 6162: 6094: 5848: 5841: 5797: 5754: 5689: 5570: 5563: 5501:Serbian civil war of 1331 5445: 5358: 5142: 5084:Bulgar–Serb War (839–842) 5074: 5065: 5012: 4853:Konstantinos Sapountzakis 4758: 4717: 4665: 4656: 4640: 4604: 4543: 4532: 4501: 4370: 4359: 4292:Greco-Turkish War of 1897 4241: 4021:Hall, Richard C. (2000). 3130:(Paris), 3 novembre 1912. 3128:Le Petit Journal Illustré 2720:Ottoman Advance of Thrace 2648:Bulgarian–Ottoman battles 2466:Bulgarian–Serbian battles 2177:signed a treaty in Athens 1948:in 1453. Minister of War 1946:capture of Constantinople 1833:crossed into Bulgaria at 1709:On 13 July 1913, General 1552:Battle of Kilkis–Lachanas 1483:to the Macedonian front. 890: 679: 599: 267: 165: 51: 38: 30: 25: 7922:Unification with Romania 7846:Transnistria Governorate 7695:Second Romanian campaign 7369:Central African Republic 7279:Battle of Belaćevac Mine 7162:Battle of Vrbanja Bridge 7072:Siege of Bihać (1992–95) 6818:Siege of Rogatica (1941) 6643:Battle of Loznica (1941) 5651:Siege of Belgrade (1717) 5626:Siege of Belgrade (1690) 5611:Siege of Belgrade (1688) 5541:Siege of Belgrade (1440) 5104:Bulgarian-Serb War (998) 4627:Treaty of Constantinople 4519:1913 Ottoman coup d'état 4116:Histoire du peuple serbe 4076:. Kessinger Publishing. 3762:Grenville, John (2001). 3576:Price, Crawfurd (1914). 3013:(Thesis) (in Romanian). 2375:Battle of Kilkis-Lahanas 2143:Treaty of Constantinople 1601:captured Serres and the 1326:Nicholas I of Montenegro 1000:Treaty of Constantinople 786:23,847 wounded in action 102:Treaty of Constantinople 62:29 June – 10 August 1913 8096:Wars involving Bulgaria 7986:(Romanian national day) 7858:Moscow Protocol of 1948 7799:Union with Transylvania 7634:First Romanian war plan 7321:Prizren incident (1999) 7192:Operation Southern Move 7037:Battle of Bosanski Brod 6884:Plitvice Lakes incident 6828:Kosovo Operation (1944) 6763:Capture of Olovo (1941) 6733:Battle of Kupres (1942) 6681:Battle of Lijevče Field 6495:Kosovo offensive (1915) 6320:Fight on Čelopek (1906) 6018:Second Serbian Uprising 5807:Serbian Hussar Regiment 5716:Battle of Mohács (1687) 5699:Long War (Ottoman wars) 5546:Battle of Kosovo (1448) 5272:Battle of Trnava (1430) 4697:Balkans campaign of WWI 4346:Albanian revolt of 1912 3396:10 October 2017 at the 3175:Penchev, Boyko (2007). 2988:University of Bucharest 2583:Battle of Belogradchik 2303:Bulgarian–Greek battles 2247:under the terms of the 1476:as his chief of staff. 1396:armies (under generals 1255:First Battle of Çatalca 1244:First Battle of Çatalca 1217:Ferdinand I of Bulgaria 1192:Bulgaria–Romania border 1013:from around the world. 8101:Wars involving Romania 7700:Hungarian–Romanian War 7668:1917 Romanian Campaign 7644:Battle of Transylvania 7639:1916 Romanian Campaign 7562:Ferdinand I of Romania 7461: 6999:Operation Medak Pocket 6934:Battle of the Barracks 6660:Battle of the Sutjeska 6604:Invasion of Yugoslavia 6585:Drenica-Junik Uprising 6505:Battle of Malka Nidzhe 6485:Battle of Kaymakchalan 6325:Battle of Pirot (1913) 6247:Battle of Vitez (1878) 6242:Battle of Jajce (1878) 6196:Battle of Vršac (1849) 5950:Liberation of Belgrade 5859:First Serbian Uprising 5769:Cretan War (1645–1669) 5671:Battle of Petrovaradin 5551:Fall of Constantinople 5496:War of Hum (1326–1329) 5431:Syrgiannes Palaiologos 5242:Battle of Vitosha Pass 5171:Battle of Sırp Sındığı 4971:Crown Prince Alexander 4949:Crown Prince Ferdinand 4912:Kölemen Abdullah Pasha 4740:Massacres of Civilians 4730:Massacres of Albanians 4683:Sarajevo Assassination 4612:Greek–Serbian Alliance 4605:Diplomacy and politics 4502:Diplomacy and politics 4326:Bulgarian Independence 3825:Cite journal requires 2442:Battle of Kresna Gorge 2360:Konstantin Kavarnaliev 2292:new territorial losses 2128:Çürüksulu Mahmud Pasha 2032: 1896: 1881:an outbreak of cholera 1749:Battle of Kresna Gorge 1739: 1682: 1577: 1529: 1385: 1350: 1328: 1310: 1271: 1219: 1154: 1138: 1101:basis, and created an 840:c. 91,000 total losses 820:Ottoman Empire: 4,000+ 783:5,851 killed in action 591:Çürüksulu Mahmud Pasha 268:Commanders and leaders 8091:Wars involving Greece 8086:Wars involving Serbia 7898:Transnistria conflict 7789:Union with Bessarabia 7683:Third Battle of Oituz 7338:1999 F-117A shootdown 7209:Operation Deny Flight 7204:1995 Pale air strikes 7082:Operation Corridor 92 6889:Battle of Borovo Selo 6721:Operation Draufgänger 6404:Siege of Vidin (1913) 6300:Fight on Šuplji Kamen 6010:Hadži Prodan's Revolt 5880:Batočina and Jagodina 5399:Battle of Tara (1150) 5288:Battle of Nish (1443) 5160:Battle of Stephaniana 5089:Bulgar–Serb War (853) 4997:Other Balkan states: 4838:Eleftherios Venizelos 4514:Albanian Independence 4316:Young Turk Revolution 4194:Balkan Wars 1912–1913 2420:Battle of Demir Hisar 2278:(see articles on the 2027: 1987:Negotiating a way out 1894: 1792:Romanian intervention 1745:Eleftherios Venizelos 1737: 1676: 1575: 1560:southeast to Kilkis, 1527: 1518:Further information: 1466:8th Infantry Division 1383: 1348: 1324: 1306: 1276:Nicholas II of Russia 1267: 1228:Treaty of San Stefano 1215: 1152: 1136: 827:4,000 dead of disease 789:188 missing in action 745:5,000 dead of disease 680:Casualties and losses 8106:Invasions by Romania 7651:The Romanian Debacle 7490:Romanian irredentism 7485:Romanian nationalism 7238:Insurgency in Kosovo 7157:Operation Summer '95 7132:Operation Winter '94 7014:Operation Summer '95 7004:Operation Winter '94 6788:Operation Mihailovic 6783:Operation Kugelblitz 6627:Battle of Novi Pazar 6470:Battle of Dobro Pole 6430:Montenegrin campaign 6409:Ohrid–Debar uprising 6389:Battle of Bregalnica 6315:Fight in Velika Hoča 5960:Malajnica and Štubik 5812:Pruth River Campaign 5779:Battle on Vrtijeljka 5676:Battle of Banja Luka 5621:Battle of Niš (1689) 5536:Battle of Despotovac 5458:Magyar–Serb conflict 5347:Ottoman conquest of 5340:Battle of Breadfield 5225:Battle of Karanovasa 5192:Battle of Dubravnica 4848:Pavlos Kountouriotis 4091:Skoko, Savo (1975). 3812:(in Turkish): 27–29. 2521:30 June–9 July 1913 2517:Battle of Bregalnica 2094:Sanjak of Novi Pazar 1887:Ottoman intervention 1677:Serbian troops with 1665:Battle of Bregalnica 506:Pavlos Kountouriotis 7883:Republic of Moldova 7824:Second Vienna Award 7794:Union with Bukovina 7678:Battle of Mărășești 7656:Battle of Bucharest 7177:Operation Mistral 2 7107:Operation Bøllebank 7077:Operation Vrbas '92 7052:Siege of Srebrenica 6994:Operation Maslenica 6969:Operation Whirlwind 6863:Battle of Zelengora 6565:Uprising in Drenica 6525:Ovče Pole Offensive 6475:Battle of the Drina 6399:Battle of Knjaževac 6394:Battle of Kalimanci 6370:Siege of Adrianople 6292:Macedonian Struggle 6269:Battle of Slivnitsa 6259:Serbo-Bulgarian War 6189:Several battles of 5784:Battle of Slankamen 5721:Uprising in Vučitrn 5601:Battle of Keresztes 5596:Battle of Sződfalva 5526:Battle of Kosmidion 5516:Battle of Nicopolis 5394:Siege of Ras (1127) 5155:Battle of Gallipoli 4875:Crown Prince Danilo 4725:Carnegie Commission 4622:Treaty of Bucharest 4311:Macedonian Struggle 4287:Serbo-Bulgarian War 4111:Bataković, Dušan T. 4043:Drugi Balkanski rat 3914:Christopher Clark, 3604:, pp. 117–118. 2697:Siege of Adrianople 2624:Battle of Kalimanci 2540:Battle of Knjaževac 2353:Battle of Kalinovo 2172:in Ottoman Empire. 2170:Bulgarian Exarchate 2166:1914 Ottoman census 2075:Treaty of Bucharest 2020:Treaty of Bucharest 1669:Battle of Kalimanci 1494:batteries, fifteen 1420:Army under General 1408:Army under general 1208:Bulgarian war plans 1103:independent Albania 996:Treaty of Bucharest 694:Kingdom of Bulgaria 97:Treaty of Bucharest 8071:1913 in Montenegro 7990:Trianon Treaty Day 7592:Alexandru Averescu 7582:Ion I. C. Brătianu 7284:Battle of Podujevo 7274:Battle of Oraovica 7259:Attack on Orahovac 6964:Operation Orkan 91 6959:Operation Otkos 10 6954:Siege of Dubrovnik 6813:Operation Prijedor 6778:Operation Kopaonik 6738:Battle of Višegrad 6701:Belgrade Offensive 6632:Battle of Pljevlja 6570:Christmas Uprising 6515:Monastir offensive 6490:Battle of Kolubara 6465:Battle of Bazargic 6436:Battle of Mojkovac 6360:Battle of Monastir 6350:Battle of Kumanovo 6310:Fight in Tabanovce 6180:Jančić's rebellion 6127:Battle of Vučji Do 6107:Battle of Grahovac 5850:Serbian Revolution 5616:Battle of Batočina 5409:Siege of Braničevo 5328:Siege of Smederevo 5314:Battle of Leskovac 5308:Battle of Kruševac 5299:Battle of Kunovica 5293:Battle of Zlatitsa 5258:Second Scutari War 5248:Battle of Carmorlu 5236:Siege of Novo Brdo 5230:Battle of Tripolje 5165:Battle of Demotika 5134:Battle of Velbazhd 4954:Alexandru Averescu 4922:Hasan Tahsin Pasha 4843:Panagiotis Danglis 4750:Places burned down 4276:Congress of Berlin 4192:Hall, Richard C.: 3798:, pp. 125–126 3726:, pp. 123–124 3578:The Balkan cockpit 2831:Carol I of Romania 2808:Carol I of Romania 2641:Bulgarian victory 2555:Bulgarian victory 2369:Bulgarian victory 2214:Bosnia-Herzegovina 2070:(Alexandroupoli). 2033: 1897: 1874:Romanian Air Corps 1740: 1683: 1578: 1530: 1386: 1351: 1329: 1311: 1308:Carol I of Romania 1289:diplomatic capital 1272: 1220: 1159:defensive alliance 1155: 1139: 1011:war correspondents 766:a cholera outbreak 8076:Conflicts in 1913 8051:Second Balkan War 8038: 8037: 8034: 8033: 8030: 8029: 8026: 8025: 7915:Gagauzia conflict 7829:Treaty of Craiova 7807: 7806: 7767:Treaty of Trianon 7757:Directing Council 7673:Battle of Mărăști 7541: 7540: 7416: 7415: 7412: 7411: 7348: 7347: 7294:Battle of Glođane 7172:Operation Miracle 7047:Siege of Sarajevo 6974:Operation Baranja 6929:Battle of Kusonje 6919:Battle of Šibenik 6909:Battle of Vukovar 6894:Operation Stinger 6853:Battle of Zvornik 6808:Battle of Poljana 6773:Operation Delphin 6654:Battle of Neretva 6480:Battle of Florina 6383:Second Balkan War 6279: 6278: 6170:Kumanovo uprising 6147:Battle of Novšiće 6132:Battle of Fundina 6112:Battle of Kolašin 5837: 5836: 5774:Great Turkish War 5666:Battle of Trenčín 5606:Great Turkish War 5559: 5558: 5531:Battle of Çamurlu 5468:Battle of Sirmium 5415:Battle of Pantina 5360:Serbian–Byzantine 5323:Siege of Belgrade 5253:First Scutari War 5219:Serbian Despotate 5204:Battle of Pločnik 5186:Battle of Maritsa 5151:Early skirmishes 5076:Serbian–Bulgarian 5025: 5024: 4932:Ahmed Izzet Pasha 4811:Stiliyan Kovachev 4536:Second Balkan War 4509:London Conference 4341:Italo-Turkish War 4331:31 March Incident 4163:Jelavich, Barbara 4064:978-960-7897-07-7 3941:978-0-8047-6171-0 3878:Carnegie report, 3773:978-0-415-14125-3 3743:on 11 August 2010 3695:978-954-515-328-0 3449:978-0-8014-4634-4 3422:978-1-4437-7404-8 3240:978-0-521-27323-7 3207:978-1-113-88264-6 3110:978-90-04-33781-7 3021:. pp. 1–196. 2841: 2840: 2741: 2740: 2645: 2644: 2463: 2462: 2265:Khilafat Movement 2249:Protocol of Corfu 2226:Italo-Turkish War 1914:Ahmed Izzet Pasha 1775:and the next day 1422:Stiliyan Kovachev 1269:Peter I of Serbia 1006:to the Ottomans. 960:Second Balkan War 953: 952: 882:Second Balkan War 847: 846: 801:Montenegro: 1,201 579:Ahmed Izzet Pasha 344:Stiliyan Kovachev 161: 160: 26:Second Balkan War 8118: 8056:1913 in Bulgaria 7959: 7958: 7937: 7936: 7903:Transnistria War 7871: 7870: 7812:Disestablishment 7721:Institutions and 7620: 7619: 7572:Marie of Romania 7549: 7475: 7474: 7464: 7455: 7454: 7443: 7436: 7429: 7420: 7419: 7357: 7356: 7309:Battle of Košare 7264:Attack on Prekaz 7167:Battle of Vozuća 7152:Operation Leap 2 7147:Battle of Orašje 7142:Operation Leap 1 7137:Battle of Vlašić 7127:Operation Spider 7122:Operation Amanda 7117:Battle of Kupres 7067:Operation Jackal 7057:Siege of Goražde 7042:Battle of Kupres 6979:Operation Jackal 6914:Battle of Gospić 6904:Battle of Osijek 6743:Mostar operation 6727:Kozara Offensive 6696:Battle of Batina 6676:Battle of Mostar 6637:Battle of Kozara 6540:Toplica Uprising 6530:Vardar offensive 6520:Morava Offensive 6510:Macedonian front 6449:Serbian campaign 6441:Battle of Lovćen 6365:Siege of Scutari 6355:Battle of Prilep 6344:First Balkan War 6305:Fight on Čelopek 6288: 6287: 6215:Siege of Cattaro 6208:Battle of Vranje 6152:Battle of Murino 5846: 5845: 5827:Seven Years' War 5746:Battle of Lopate 5591:Battle of Szőlős 5568: 5567: 5521:Battle of Ankara 5511:Battle of Rovine 5383:Battle of Zvečan 5283:Crusade of Varna 5210:Battle of Kosovo 5072: 5071: 5052: 5045: 5038: 5029: 5028: 4991:Božidar Janković 4986:Stepa Stepanović 4858:Viktor Dousmanis 4707:Macedonian front 4702:Serbian campaign 4632:Treaty of Athens 4581:Southern Dobruja 4524:Treaty of London 4363:First Balkan War 4228: 4221: 4214: 4205: 4204: 4182: 4158: 4134: 4098: 4087: 4068: 4047: 4036: 4017: 3990: 3962: 3952: 3946: 3945: 3925: 3919: 3916:The Sleepwalkers 3912: 3906: 3903:The Sleepwalkers 3900: 3898: 3896: 3876: 3870: 3864: 3855: 3841: 3835: 3834: 3828: 3823: 3821: 3813: 3805: 3799: 3793: 3778: 3777: 3759: 3753: 3752: 3750: 3748: 3733: 3727: 3721: 3700: 3699: 3677: 3671: 3670: 3630: 3624: 3618: 3605: 3599: 3593: 3587: 3581: 3574: 3568: 3562: 3553: 3547: 3541: 3535: 3524: 3518: 3497: 3491: 3485: 3479: 3466: 3460: 3454: 3453: 3433: 3427: 3426: 3406: 3400: 3387: 3381: 3375: 3369: 3367: 3360: 3354: 3348: 3339: 3337: 3330: 3324: 3323: 3316: 3310: 3309: 3302: 3296: 3290: 3284: 3278: 3269: 3263: 3257: 3251: 3245: 3244: 3228: 3218: 3212: 3211: 3193: 3187: 3186: 3172: 3166: 3160: 3154: 3153: 3142: 3131: 3124: 3118: 3117: 3096: 3090: 3084: 3061: 3059: 3058: 3056: 3050: 3039: 3029: 3023: 3022: 3012: 3001: 2992: 2991: 2979: 2970: 2969: 2945: 2936: 2930: 2921: 2915: 2909: 2903: 2876: 2875: 2873: 2871: 2856: 2812:First Armistice 2785: 2781: 2779: 2778: 2769: 2765: 2763: 2762: 2748: 2747: 2714:First Armistice 2684: 2682: 2681: 2673: 2669: 2667: 2666: 2652: 2651: 2637:Božidar Janković 2628:18–19 July 1913 2612:Krastyu Marinov 2609:12–18 July 1913 2599:Serbian victory 2595:Božidar Janković 2578:Serbian victory 2574:Božidar Janković 2534:Serbian victory 2507: 2503: 2501: 2500: 2491: 2487: 2485: 2484: 2470: 2469: 2398:Battle of Doiran 2356:19-21 June 1913 2344: 2340: 2338: 2337: 2328: 2324: 2322: 2321: 2307: 2306: 2284:Macedonian front 2280:Serbian Campaign 2241:Treaty of London 2153:of August 1914. 2124:Mehmed Talat Bey 2120:Grigor Nachovich 2100:Ottoman treaties 2087:Aegean Macedonia 2079:Vardar Macedonia 1998:Vasil Radoslavov 1859: 1766: 1514:Start of the war 1508:Southern Dobruja 1474:Viktor Dousmanis 1251:capturing Edirne 1077:Treaty of London 1029:First Balkan War 1023:First Balkan War 968:First Balkan War 885: 883: 873: 866: 859: 850: 849: 819: 817: 816: 800: 798: 797: 778: 776: 775: 756: 754: 753: 734: 732: 731: 693: 691: 690: 664: 663: 654: 653: 644: 643: 634: 633: 624: 623: 611: 610: 589: 588: 577: 576: 565: 564: 553: 552: 540: 539: 528: 527: 516: 515: 504: 503: 494:Viktor Dousmanis 492: 491: 480: 479: 468: 467: 458:Prince Ferdinand 456: 455: 444: 443: 432: 431: 422:Stepa Stepanović 420: 419: 408: 407: 396: 395: 378: 377: 366: 365: 354: 353: 342: 341: 330: 329: 318: 317: 306: 305: 294: 293: 282: 281: 257: 255: 254: 246: 242: 240: 239: 231: 227: 225: 224: 216: 212: 210: 209: 201: 197: 195: 194: 183: 179: 177: 176: 140:Vardar Macedonia 130:Southern Dobruja 116:Bulgaria cedes: 78:Balkan Peninsula 53: 52: 43: 23: 22: 8126: 8125: 8121: 8120: 8119: 8117: 8116: 8115: 8041: 8040: 8039: 8022: 8013:Centenary March 7994: 7984:Great Union Day 7953: 7928: 7910:Gagauz Republic 7862: 7803: 7777: 7772:Treaty of Paris 7722: 7716: 7625: 7611: 7550: 7537: 7501: 7495:Greater Romania 7466: 7449: 7447: 7417: 7408: 7344: 7304:Battle of Junik 7225: 7112:Operation Tiger 7097:Siege of Mostar 7025: 7020:Operation Storm 7009:Operation Flash 6989:Operation Tiger 6924:Battle of Zadar 6867: 6803:Operation Uzice 6758:Battle of Odžak 6691:Bihać Operation 6649:Battle of Livno 6589: 6546: 6415: 6329: 6275: 6264:Battle of Pirot 6158: 6090: 5945:Belgrade (1806) 5833: 5793: 5789:Battle of Senta 5750: 5741:Battle of Krusi 5685: 5661:Battle of Zsibó 5631:Battle of Lugos 5555: 5473:Battle of Gacko 5441: 5389:Battle of Haram 5354: 5198:Battle of Savra 5144:Serbian–Ottoman 5138: 5061: 5056: 5026: 5021: 5008: 4806:Radko Dimitriev 4796:Vasil Kutinchev 4754: 4713: 4661: 4652: 4636: 4600: 4551:Kilkis–Lachanas 4539: 4528: 4497: 4366: 4355: 4282:Eastern Rumelia 4237: 4232: 4189: 4179: 4155: 4131: 4106: 4104:Further reading 4101: 4084: 4065: 4033: 4006: 3998:. Basic Books. 3987: 3970: 3965: 3953: 3949: 3942: 3926: 3922: 3913: 3909: 3894: 3892: 3883: 3877: 3873: 3865: 3858: 3842: 3838: 3826: 3824: 3815: 3814: 3806: 3802: 3794: 3781: 3774: 3760: 3756: 3746: 3744: 3735: 3734: 3730: 3722: 3703: 3696: 3678: 3674: 3631: 3627: 3619: 3608: 3600: 3596: 3588: 3584: 3575: 3571: 3563: 3556: 3548: 3544: 3536: 3527: 3519: 3500: 3492: 3488: 3480: 3469: 3461: 3457: 3450: 3434: 3430: 3423: 3407: 3403: 3398:Wayback Machine 3388: 3384: 3376: 3372: 3362: 3361: 3357: 3349: 3342: 3332: 3331: 3327: 3318: 3317: 3313: 3304: 3303: 3299: 3291: 3287: 3279: 3272: 3264: 3260: 3252: 3248: 3241: 3219: 3215: 3208: 3194: 3190: 3173: 3169: 3161: 3157: 3146:"Balkan crises" 3144: 3143: 3134: 3125: 3121: 3113:. p. 336: 3111: 3097: 3093: 3085: 3064: 3054: 3052: 3048: 3037: 3031: 3030: 3026: 3010: 3002: 2995: 2986:(in Romanian). 2980: 2973: 2946: 2939: 2931: 2924: 2916: 2912: 2904: 2879: 2869: 2867: 2858: 2857: 2850: 2846: 2836:Final Armistice 2776: 2774: 2760: 2758: 2746: 2736:Final Armistice 2679: 2677: 2664: 2662: 2650: 2615:Vukoman Aračić 2561:Battle of Pirot 2552:Vukoman Aračić 2548:Vasil Kutinchev 2498: 2496: 2482: 2480: 2468: 2446:27–31 July 1913 2423:26–27 June 1913 2379:19–21 June 1913 2335: 2333: 2319: 2317: 2305: 2300: 2298:List of battles 2288:national trauma 2233:Otranto Straits 2218:First World War 2202:Northern Epirus 2185: 2108: 2102: 2083:Pirin Macedonia 2039: 2022: 2014:Dimitur Tonchev 1994: 1989: 1969:Black Sea Fleet 1889: 1857: 1800: 1794: 1764: 1732: 1730:Greek offensive 1671: 1663:Main articles: 1661: 1554: 1548: 1522: 1516: 1402:Radko Dimitriev 1398:Vasil Kutinchev 1343: 1341:Opposing forces 1210: 1205: 1163:Austria-Hungary 1087:coast to Enos ( 1025: 1019: 956: 955: 954: 949: 895:Kilkis–Lachanas 886: 881: 879: 877: 843: 828: 814: 812: 795: 793: 773: 771: 751: 749: 729: 727: 722: 713: 688: 686: 675: 666: 658: 648: 638: 628: 618: 605: 595: 583: 571: 559: 547: 544: 534: 522: 510: 498: 486: 474: 462: 450: 438: 426: 414: 402: 390: 384: 372: 360: 348: 336: 332:Radko Dimitriev 324: 312: 308:Vasil Kutinchev 300: 288: 276: 263: 252: 250: 247: 237: 235: 222: 220: 207: 205: 192: 190: 174: 172: 111: 80: 68: 46: 44: 17: 12: 11: 5: 8124: 8114: 8113: 8108: 8103: 8098: 8093: 8088: 8083: 8078: 8073: 8068: 8066:1913 in Greece 8063: 8061:1913 in Serbia 8058: 8053: 8036: 8035: 8032: 8031: 8028: 8027: 8024: 8023: 8021: 8020: 8015: 8010: 8004: 8002: 7996: 7995: 7993: 7992: 7987: 7981: 7976: 7971: 7965: 7963: 7955: 7954: 7952: 7951: 7946: 7940: 7934: 7930: 7929: 7927: 7926: 7925: 7924: 7919: 7918: 7917: 7907: 7906: 7905: 7900: 7890: 7880: 7874: 7868: 7864: 7863: 7861: 7860: 7855: 7850: 7849: 7848: 7838: 7837: 7836: 7826: 7821: 7815: 7813: 7809: 7808: 7805: 7804: 7802: 7801: 7796: 7791: 7785: 7783: 7779: 7778: 7776: 7775: 7769: 7764: 7759: 7754: 7753: 7752: 7747: 7737: 7732: 7726: 7724: 7718: 7717: 7715: 7714: 7709: 7708: 7707: 7697: 7692: 7687: 7686: 7685: 7680: 7675: 7665: 7664: 7663: 7658: 7648: 7647: 7646: 7636: 7630: 7628: 7617: 7616:Accomplishment 7613: 7612: 7610: 7609: 7604: 7599: 7594: 7589: 7586:Prime Minister 7579: 7569: 7558: 7556: 7552: 7551: 7544: 7542: 7539: 7538: 7536: 7535: 7530: 7525: 7520: 7515: 7509: 7507: 7503: 7502: 7500: 7499: 7498: 7497: 7487: 7481: 7479: 7472: 7468: 7467: 7446: 7445: 7438: 7431: 7423: 7414: 7413: 7410: 7409: 7407: 7406: 7401: 7396: 7391: 7386: 7381: 7376: 7371: 7365: 7363: 7354: 7350: 7349: 7346: 7345: 7343: 7342: 7341: 7340: 7335: 7323: 7318: 7311: 7306: 7301: 7296: 7291: 7286: 7281: 7276: 7271: 7269:Battle of Lođa 7266: 7261: 7256: 7251: 7246: 7241: 7233: 7231: 7227: 7226: 7224: 7223: 7222: 7221: 7216: 7211: 7206: 7194: 7189: 7184: 7182:Operation Sana 7179: 7174: 7169: 7164: 7159: 7154: 7149: 7144: 7139: 7134: 7129: 7124: 7119: 7114: 7109: 7104: 7102:Operation Irma 7099: 7094: 7092:Kravica attack 7089: 7087:Operation Bura 7084: 7079: 7074: 7069: 7064: 7062:Siege of Doboj 7059: 7054: 7049: 7044: 7039: 7033: 7031: 7027: 7026: 7024: 7023: 7016: 7011: 7006: 7001: 6996: 6991: 6986: 6981: 6976: 6971: 6966: 6961: 6956: 6951: 6946: 6941: 6936: 6931: 6926: 6921: 6916: 6911: 6906: 6901: 6896: 6891: 6886: 6881: 6875: 6873: 6869: 6868: 6866: 6865: 6860: 6855: 6850: 6845: 6840: 6835: 6830: 6825: 6820: 6815: 6810: 6805: 6800: 6798:Operation Trio 6795: 6790: 6785: 6780: 6775: 6770: 6768:Operation Alfa 6765: 6760: 6755: 6750: 6745: 6740: 6735: 6730: 6723: 6718: 6713: 6708: 6703: 6698: 6693: 6688: 6683: 6678: 6673: 6671:Battle of Knin 6668: 6663: 6656: 6651: 6646: 6639: 6634: 6629: 6624: 6619: 6614: 6607: 6599: 6597: 6591: 6590: 6588: 6587: 6582: 6577: 6572: 6567: 6562: 6556: 6554: 6548: 6547: 6545: 6544: 6543: 6542: 6537: 6535:Srem Offensive 6532: 6527: 6522: 6517: 6512: 6507: 6502: 6497: 6492: 6487: 6482: 6477: 6472: 6467: 6462: 6457: 6445: 6444: 6443: 6438: 6425: 6423: 6417: 6416: 6414: 6413: 6412: 6411: 6406: 6401: 6396: 6391: 6379: 6378: 6377: 6372: 6367: 6362: 6357: 6352: 6339: 6337: 6331: 6330: 6328: 6327: 6322: 6317: 6312: 6307: 6302: 6296: 6294: 6285: 6281: 6280: 6277: 6276: 6274: 6273: 6272: 6271: 6266: 6256: 6255: 6254: 6249: 6244: 6234: 6229: 6224: 6217: 6212: 6211: 6210: 6198: 6193: 6187: 6182: 6177: 6172: 6166: 6164: 6160: 6159: 6157: 6156: 6155: 6154: 6149: 6144: 6142:Velika attacks 6134: 6129: 6124: 6119: 6114: 6109: 6104: 6098: 6096: 6092: 6091: 6089: 6088: 6087: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6056: 6051: 6046: 6041: 6036: 6031: 6026: 6014: 6013: 6012: 6007: 6002: 5997: 5992: 5987: 5982: 5977: 5972: 5967: 5962: 5957: 5952: 5947: 5942: 5937: 5932: 5927: 5922: 5917: 5912: 5907: 5902: 5897: 5892: 5887: 5882: 5877: 5872: 5867: 5854: 5852: 5843: 5839: 5838: 5835: 5834: 5832: 5831: 5830: 5829: 5824: 5819: 5814: 5803: 5801: 5795: 5794: 5792: 5791: 5786: 5781: 5776: 5771: 5766: 5760: 5758: 5752: 5751: 5749: 5748: 5743: 5738: 5733: 5728: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5708: 5705:Banat Uprising 5702: 5695: 5693: 5687: 5686: 5684: 5683: 5678: 5673: 5668: 5663: 5658: 5653: 5648: 5643: 5638: 5633: 5628: 5623: 5618: 5613: 5608: 5603: 5598: 5593: 5588: 5583: 5576: 5574: 5565: 5561: 5560: 5557: 5556: 5554: 5553: 5548: 5543: 5538: 5533: 5528: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5508: 5503: 5498: 5493: 5490: 5485: 5480: 5475: 5470: 5465: 5460: 5455: 5449: 5447: 5443: 5442: 5440: 5439: 5434: 5427: 5422: 5417: 5412: 5406: 5401: 5396: 5391: 5386: 5380: 5375: 5370: 5364: 5362: 5356: 5355: 5353: 5352: 5345: 5344: 5343: 5337: 5330: 5325: 5320: 5317: 5311: 5305: 5302: 5296: 5290: 5285: 5280: 5277: 5274: 5269: 5266: 5263: 5260: 5255: 5250: 5245: 5239: 5233: 5227: 5215: 5214: 5213: 5207: 5201: 5195: 5189: 5176: 5175: 5174: 5168: 5162: 5157: 5148: 5146: 5140: 5139: 5137: 5136: 5131: 5126: 5121: 5116: 5111: 5106: 5101: 5096: 5091: 5086: 5080: 5078: 5069: 5063: 5062: 5055: 5054: 5047: 5040: 5032: 5023: 5022: 5020: 5019: 5013: 5010: 5009: 5007: 5006: 4995: 4994: 4993: 4988: 4983: 4978: 4976:Radomir Putnik 4973: 4968: 4958: 4957: 4956: 4951: 4946: 4936: 4935: 4934: 4929: 4924: 4919: 4917:Ali Rıza Pasha 4914: 4909: 4904: 4899: 4894: 4887:Ottoman Empire 4884: 4883: 4882: 4877: 4872: 4862: 4861: 4860: 4855: 4850: 4845: 4840: 4835: 4830: 4820: 4819: 4818: 4816:Georgi Todorov 4813: 4808: 4803: 4798: 4793: 4788: 4783: 4778: 4773: 4762: 4760: 4756: 4755: 4753: 4752: 4747: 4742: 4737: 4732: 4727: 4721: 4719: 4715: 4714: 4712: 4711: 4710: 4709: 4704: 4694: 4689: 4680: 4675: 4669: 4667: 4663: 4662: 4657: 4654: 4653: 4651: 4650: 4644: 4642: 4638: 4637: 4635: 4634: 4629: 4624: 4619: 4614: 4608: 4606: 4602: 4601: 4599: 4598: 4593: 4588: 4583: 4578: 4573: 4568: 4563: 4558: 4553: 4547: 4545: 4541: 4540: 4533: 4530: 4529: 4527: 4526: 4521: 4516: 4511: 4505: 4503: 4499: 4498: 4496: 4495: 4493:Second Çatalca 4490: 4485: 4480: 4475: 4470: 4465: 4460: 4455: 4450: 4445: 4440: 4435: 4430: 4425: 4420: 4415: 4410: 4405: 4400: 4395: 4390: 4385: 4380: 4374: 4372: 4368: 4367: 4360: 4357: 4356: 4354: 4353: 4348: 4343: 4338: 4333: 4328: 4323: 4321:Bosnian Crisis 4318: 4313: 4308: 4299: 4294: 4289: 4284: 4280:Annexation of 4278: 4273: 4272: 4271: 4266: 4261: 4256: 4245: 4243: 4239: 4238: 4231: 4230: 4223: 4216: 4208: 4202: 4201: 4188: 4187:External links 4185: 4184: 4183: 4178:978-0521274593 4177: 4159: 4154:978-1405142915 4153: 4139:Ćirković, Sima 4135: 4130:978-2825119587 4129: 4113:, ed. (2005). 4105: 4102: 4100: 4099: 4088: 4082: 4069: 4063: 4048: 4037: 4031: 4018: 4004: 3991: 3985: 3971: 3969: 3966: 3964: 3963: 3947: 3940: 3920: 3907: 3871: 3856: 3836: 3827:|journal= 3800: 3779: 3772: 3754: 3728: 3701: 3694: 3672: 3645:(3): 411–431. 3625: 3606: 3594: 3592:, p. 261. 3582: 3569: 3554: 3552:, p. 259. 3542: 3525: 3498: 3486: 3467: 3465:, p. 115. 3455: 3448: 3428: 3421: 3401: 3382: 3370: 3355: 3340: 3325: 3311: 3297: 3285: 3270: 3258: 3246: 3239: 3213: 3206: 3188: 3167: 3155: 3132: 3119: 3109: 3091: 3062: 3044:, p. 12, 3024: 2993: 2971: 2960:(1): 159–170. 2937: 2922: 2920:, p. 323. 2910: 2877: 2847: 2845: 2842: 2839: 2838: 2833: 2828: 2823: 2820: 2814: 2813: 2810: 2805: 2800: 2797: 2791: 2790: 2787: 2771: 2755: 2752: 2745: 2742: 2739: 2738: 2733: 2728: 2725: 2722: 2716: 2715: 2712: 2707: 2702: 2699: 2693: 2692: 2689: 2686:Ottoman Empire 2675: 2659: 2656: 2649: 2646: 2643: 2642: 2639: 2634: 2629: 2626: 2620: 2619: 2616: 2613: 2610: 2607: 2605:Siege of Vidin 2601: 2600: 2597: 2592: 2587: 2584: 2580: 2579: 2576: 2571: 2566: 2565:6–8 July 1913 2563: 2557: 2556: 2553: 2550: 2545: 2544:4–7 July 1913 2542: 2536: 2535: 2532: 2530:Radomir Putnik 2527: 2522: 2519: 2513: 2512: 2509: 2493: 2477: 2474: 2467: 2464: 2461: 2460: 2457: 2452: 2447: 2444: 2438: 2437: 2436:Greek Victory 2434: 2429: 2424: 2421: 2417: 2416: 2415:Greek Victory 2413: 2408: 2403: 2400: 2394: 2393: 2392:Greek Victory 2390: 2385: 2380: 2377: 2371: 2370: 2367: 2362: 2357: 2354: 2350: 2349: 2346: 2330: 2314: 2311: 2304: 2301: 2299: 2296: 2272:Central Powers 2245:local autonomy 2210:Austro-Hungary 2198:Western Thrace 2190:Radicke Novine 2184: 2181: 2104:Main article: 2101: 2098: 2035:Main article: 2021: 2018: 2010:Titu Maiorescu 1993: 1990: 1988: 1985: 1888: 1885: 1813:under General 1793: 1790: 1731: 1728: 1660: 1657: 1566:Pangaion Hills 1550:Main article: 1547: 1544: 1515: 1512: 1454:Radomir Putnik 1436:under general 1356:Bulgarian army 1342: 1339: 1240:Constantinople 1224:Tsar Ferdinand 1209: 1206: 1204: 1201: 1098:uti possidetis 1053:Ottoman Empire 1021:Main article: 1018: 1015: 988:Ottoman Empire 951: 950: 948: 947: 942: 937: 932: 927: 922: 917: 912: 907: 902: 897: 891: 888: 887: 876: 875: 868: 861: 853: 845: 844: 842: 841: 838: 835: 829: 825: 822: 809: 806: 803: 790: 787: 784: 781: 779:Greece: 29,886 768: 764:1,600 dead of 762: 759: 757:Romania: 1,600 746: 743: 742:36,000 wounded 740: 735:Serbia: 50,000 725: 723: 721: 720: 714: 710: 709:3,049 deceased 707: 706:42,911 wounded 704: 701: 697: 682: 681: 677: 676: 674: 673: 667: 656: 646: 636: 626: 615: 613: 602: 601: 597: 596: 594: 593: 581: 569: 557: 545: 532: 520: 508: 496: 484: 472: 460: 448: 436: 424: 412: 410:Radomir Putnik 400: 387: 385: 383: 382: 380:Garegin Nzhdeh 370: 358: 346: 334: 322: 310: 298: 286: 273: 270: 269: 265: 264: 262: 261: 259:Ottoman Empire 248: 232: 217: 202: 186: 184: 168: 167: 163: 162: 159: 158: 157: 156: 150:Western Thrace 146: 136: 127: 125:Ottoman Empire 113: 107: 106: 105: 104: 99: 86: 82: 81: 76: 74: 70: 69: 67: 66: 63: 59: 57: 49: 48: 36: 35: 28: 27: 21: 20: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8123: 8112: 8109: 8107: 8104: 8102: 8099: 8097: 8094: 8092: 8089: 8087: 8084: 8082: 8079: 8077: 8074: 8072: 8069: 8067: 8064: 8062: 8059: 8057: 8054: 8052: 8049: 8048: 8046: 8019: 8016: 8014: 8011: 8009: 8006: 8005: 8003: 8001: 7997: 7991: 7988: 7985: 7982: 7980: 7977: 7975: 7972: 7970: 7967: 7966: 7964: 7960: 7956: 7950: 7947: 7945: 7942: 7941: 7938: 7935: 7933:Commemoration 7931: 7923: 7920: 7916: 7913: 7912: 7911: 7908: 7904: 7901: 7899: 7896: 7895: 7894: 7891: 7889: 7886: 7885: 7884: 7881: 7879: 7878:Moldavian SSR 7876: 7875: 7872: 7869: 7865: 7859: 7856: 7854: 7851: 7847: 7844: 7843: 7842: 7839: 7835: 7832: 7831: 7830: 7827: 7825: 7822: 7820: 7817: 7816: 7814: 7810: 7800: 7797: 7795: 7792: 7790: 7787: 7786: 7784: 7780: 7773: 7770: 7768: 7765: 7763: 7760: 7758: 7755: 7751: 7748: 7746: 7743: 7742: 7741: 7738: 7736: 7733: 7731: 7728: 7727: 7725: 7719: 7713: 7710: 7706: 7703: 7702: 7701: 7698: 7696: 7693: 7691: 7688: 7684: 7681: 7679: 7676: 7674: 7671: 7670: 7669: 7666: 7662: 7659: 7657: 7654: 7653: 7652: 7649: 7645: 7642: 7641: 7640: 7637: 7635: 7632: 7631: 7629: 7627: 7621: 7618: 7614: 7608: 7605: 7603: 7600: 7598: 7597:Iancu Flondor 7595: 7593: 7590: 7587: 7583: 7580: 7577: 7573: 7570: 7567: 7563: 7560: 7559: 7557: 7553: 7548: 7534: 7531: 7529: 7526: 7524: 7521: 7519: 7516: 7514: 7511: 7510: 7508: 7504: 7496: 7493: 7492: 7491: 7488: 7486: 7483: 7482: 7480: 7476: 7473: 7469: 7463: 7458: 7453: 7444: 7439: 7437: 7432: 7430: 7425: 7424: 7421: 7405: 7402: 7400: 7397: 7395: 7392: 7390: 7387: 7385: 7382: 7380: 7377: 7375: 7372: 7370: 7367: 7366: 7364: 7362: 7358: 7355: 7351: 7339: 7336: 7334: 7331: 7330: 7329: 7328: 7324: 7322: 7319: 7317: 7316: 7312: 7310: 7307: 7305: 7302: 7300: 7297: 7295: 7292: 7290: 7287: 7285: 7282: 7280: 7277: 7275: 7272: 7270: 7267: 7265: 7262: 7260: 7257: 7255: 7252: 7250: 7247: 7245: 7242: 7240: 7239: 7235: 7234: 7232: 7228: 7220: 7217: 7215: 7212: 7210: 7207: 7205: 7202: 7201: 7200: 7199: 7195: 7193: 7190: 7188: 7187:Operation Una 7185: 7183: 7180: 7178: 7175: 7173: 7170: 7168: 7165: 7163: 7160: 7158: 7155: 7153: 7150: 7148: 7145: 7143: 7140: 7138: 7135: 7133: 7130: 7128: 7125: 7123: 7120: 7118: 7115: 7113: 7110: 7108: 7105: 7103: 7100: 7098: 7095: 7093: 7090: 7088: 7085: 7083: 7080: 7078: 7075: 7073: 7070: 7068: 7065: 7063: 7060: 7058: 7055: 7053: 7050: 7048: 7045: 7043: 7040: 7038: 7035: 7034: 7032: 7028: 7022: 7021: 7017: 7015: 7012: 7010: 7007: 7005: 7002: 7000: 6997: 6995: 6992: 6990: 6987: 6985: 6982: 6980: 6977: 6975: 6972: 6970: 6967: 6965: 6962: 6960: 6957: 6955: 6952: 6950: 6947: 6945: 6942: 6940: 6937: 6935: 6932: 6930: 6927: 6925: 6922: 6920: 6917: 6915: 6912: 6910: 6907: 6905: 6902: 6900: 6897: 6895: 6892: 6890: 6887: 6885: 6882: 6880: 6877: 6876: 6874: 6870: 6864: 6861: 6859: 6856: 6854: 6851: 6849: 6848:Syrmian Front 6846: 6844: 6841: 6839: 6836: 6834: 6831: 6829: 6826: 6824: 6821: 6819: 6816: 6814: 6811: 6809: 6806: 6804: 6801: 6799: 6796: 6794: 6791: 6789: 6786: 6784: 6781: 6779: 6776: 6774: 6771: 6769: 6766: 6764: 6761: 6759: 6756: 6754: 6753:Niš operation 6751: 6749: 6746: 6744: 6741: 6739: 6736: 6734: 6731: 6729: 6728: 6724: 6722: 6719: 6717: 6714: 6712: 6709: 6707: 6704: 6702: 6699: 6697: 6694: 6692: 6689: 6687: 6684: 6682: 6679: 6677: 6674: 6672: 6669: 6667: 6666:Raid on Drvar 6664: 6662: 6661: 6657: 6655: 6652: 6650: 6647: 6645: 6644: 6640: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6625: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6615: 6613: 6612: 6608: 6606: 6605: 6601: 6600: 6598: 6596: 6592: 6586: 6583: 6581: 6578: 6576: 6573: 6571: 6568: 6566: 6563: 6561: 6560:Carinthia War 6558: 6557: 6555: 6553: 6549: 6541: 6538: 6536: 6533: 6531: 6528: 6526: 6523: 6521: 6518: 6516: 6513: 6511: 6508: 6506: 6503: 6501: 6498: 6496: 6493: 6491: 6488: 6486: 6483: 6481: 6478: 6476: 6473: 6471: 6468: 6466: 6463: 6461: 6458: 6456: 6455:Battle of Cer 6453: 6452: 6451: 6450: 6446: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6433: 6432: 6431: 6427: 6426: 6424: 6422: 6418: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6387: 6386: 6385: 6384: 6380: 6376: 6373: 6371: 6368: 6366: 6363: 6361: 6358: 6356: 6353: 6351: 6348: 6347: 6346: 6345: 6341: 6340: 6338: 6336: 6332: 6326: 6323: 6321: 6318: 6316: 6313: 6311: 6308: 6306: 6303: 6301: 6298: 6297: 6295: 6293: 6289: 6286: 6282: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6261: 6260: 6257: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6239: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6223: 6222: 6218: 6216: 6213: 6209: 6206: 6205: 6204: 6203: 6199: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6188: 6186: 6183: 6181: 6178: 6176: 6173: 6171: 6168: 6167: 6165: 6161: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6139: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6099: 6097: 6093: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6037: 6035: 6032: 6030: 6027: 6025: 6022: 6021: 6020: 6019: 6015: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5978: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5963: 5961: 5958: 5956: 5953: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5928: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5911: 5908: 5906: 5903: 5901: 5898: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5862: 5861: 5860: 5856: 5855: 5853: 5851: 5847: 5844: 5840: 5828: 5825: 5823: 5820: 5818: 5815: 5813: 5810: 5809: 5808: 5805: 5804: 5802: 5800: 5796: 5790: 5787: 5785: 5782: 5780: 5777: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5767: 5765: 5762: 5761: 5759: 5757: 5753: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5737: 5734: 5732: 5729: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5706: 5703: 5700: 5697: 5696: 5694: 5692: 5688: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5674: 5672: 5669: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5617: 5614: 5612: 5609: 5607: 5604: 5602: 5599: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5584: 5581: 5578: 5577: 5575: 5573: 5569: 5566: 5562: 5552: 5549: 5547: 5544: 5542: 5539: 5537: 5534: 5532: 5529: 5527: 5524: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5504: 5502: 5499: 5497: 5494: 5491: 5489: 5486: 5484: 5481: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5461: 5459: 5456: 5454: 5451: 5450: 5448: 5444: 5438: 5435: 5432: 5428: 5426: 5423: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5410: 5407: 5405: 5402: 5400: 5397: 5395: 5392: 5390: 5387: 5384: 5381: 5379: 5376: 5374: 5373:Battle of Bar 5371: 5369: 5366: 5365: 5363: 5361: 5357: 5350: 5346: 5341: 5338: 5335: 5331: 5329: 5326: 5324: 5321: 5318: 5315: 5312: 5309: 5306: 5303: 5300: 5297: 5294: 5291: 5289: 5286: 5284: 5281: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5267: 5264: 5261: 5259: 5256: 5254: 5251: 5249: 5246: 5243: 5240: 5237: 5234: 5231: 5228: 5226: 5223: 5222: 5221: 5220: 5216: 5211: 5208: 5205: 5202: 5199: 5196: 5193: 5190: 5187: 5184: 5183: 5182: 5181: 5177: 5172: 5169: 5166: 5163: 5161: 5158: 5156: 5153: 5152: 5150: 5149: 5147: 5145: 5141: 5135: 5132: 5130: 5127: 5125: 5122: 5120: 5117: 5115: 5112: 5110: 5107: 5105: 5102: 5100: 5097: 5095: 5092: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5081: 5079: 5077: 5073: 5070: 5068: 5064: 5060: 5053: 5048: 5046: 5041: 5039: 5034: 5033: 5030: 5018: 5015: 5014: 5011: 5004: 5000: 4996: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4981:Petar Bojović 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4963: 4962: 4959: 4955: 4952: 4950: 4947: 4945: 4942: 4941: 4940: 4937: 4933: 4930: 4928: 4925: 4923: 4920: 4918: 4915: 4913: 4910: 4908: 4905: 4903: 4900: 4898: 4895: 4893: 4890: 4889: 4888: 4885: 4881: 4880:Janko Vukotić 4878: 4876: 4873: 4871: 4868: 4867: 4866: 4863: 4859: 4856: 4854: 4851: 4849: 4846: 4844: 4841: 4839: 4836: 4834: 4833:Constantine I 4831: 4829: 4826: 4825: 4824: 4821: 4817: 4814: 4812: 4809: 4807: 4804: 4802: 4801:Nikola Ivanov 4799: 4797: 4794: 4792: 4789: 4787: 4784: 4782: 4779: 4777: 4774: 4772: 4769: 4768: 4767: 4764: 4763: 4761: 4757: 4751: 4748: 4746: 4743: 4741: 4738: 4736: 4733: 4731: 4728: 4726: 4723: 4722: 4720: 4716: 4708: 4705: 4703: 4700: 4699: 4698: 4695: 4693: 4690: 4688: 4684: 4681: 4679: 4676: 4674: 4671: 4670: 4668: 4664: 4660: 4655: 4649: 4646: 4645: 4643: 4639: 4633: 4630: 4628: 4625: 4623: 4620: 4618: 4615: 4613: 4610: 4609: 4607: 4603: 4597: 4594: 4592: 4589: 4587: 4584: 4582: 4579: 4577: 4574: 4572: 4569: 4567: 4564: 4562: 4559: 4557: 4554: 4552: 4549: 4548: 4546: 4542: 4538: 4537: 4531: 4525: 4522: 4520: 4517: 4515: 4512: 4510: 4507: 4506: 4504: 4500: 4494: 4491: 4489: 4486: 4484: 4481: 4479: 4476: 4474: 4471: 4469: 4466: 4464: 4461: 4459: 4456: 4454: 4451: 4449: 4446: 4444: 4443:First Çatalca 4441: 4439: 4436: 4434: 4431: 4429: 4426: 4424: 4421: 4419: 4416: 4414: 4411: 4409: 4406: 4404: 4401: 4399: 4396: 4394: 4391: 4389: 4388:Pente Pigadia 4386: 4384: 4381: 4379: 4376: 4375: 4373: 4369: 4365: 4364: 4358: 4352: 4351:Balkan League 4349: 4347: 4344: 4342: 4339: 4337: 4334: 4332: 4329: 4327: 4324: 4322: 4319: 4317: 4314: 4312: 4309: 4307: 4303: 4300: 4298: 4295: 4293: 4290: 4288: 4285: 4283: 4279: 4277: 4274: 4270: 4267: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4257: 4255: 4252: 4251: 4250: 4247: 4246: 4244: 4240: 4236: 4229: 4224: 4222: 4217: 4215: 4210: 4209: 4206: 4199: 4195: 4191: 4190: 4180: 4174: 4170: 4169: 4164: 4160: 4156: 4150: 4146: 4145: 4140: 4136: 4132: 4126: 4122: 4118: 4117: 4112: 4108: 4107: 4096: 4095: 4089: 4085: 4083:1-4191-5345-5 4079: 4075: 4070: 4066: 4060: 4056: 4055: 4049: 4046:. Vojno delo. 4045: 4044: 4038: 4034: 4032:0-415-22946-4 4028: 4025:. Routledge. 4024: 4019: 4015: 4011: 4007: 4001: 3997: 3992: 3988: 3986:0-275-97888-5 3982: 3978: 3973: 3972: 3961: 3957: 3951: 3943: 3937: 3933: 3932: 3924: 3917: 3911: 3904: 3890: 3886: 3881: 3875: 3869:, p. 125 3868: 3863: 3861: 3854:, pp. 168–169 3853: 3849: 3845: 3840: 3832: 3819: 3811: 3804: 3797: 3792: 3790: 3788: 3786: 3784: 3775: 3769: 3765: 3758: 3742: 3738: 3732: 3725: 3720: 3718: 3716: 3714: 3712: 3710: 3708: 3706: 3697: 3691: 3687: 3683: 3676: 3668: 3664: 3660: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3644: 3640: 3636: 3629: 3623:, p. 118 3622: 3617: 3615: 3613: 3611: 3603: 3598: 3591: 3586: 3579: 3573: 3567:, p. 260 3566: 3561: 3559: 3551: 3546: 3540:, p. 121 3539: 3534: 3532: 3530: 3523:, p. 120 3522: 3517: 3515: 3513: 3511: 3509: 3507: 3505: 3503: 3496:, p. 111 3495: 3490: 3484:, p. 110 3483: 3478: 3476: 3474: 3472: 3464: 3459: 3451: 3445: 3441: 3440: 3432: 3424: 3418: 3414: 3413: 3405: 3399: 3395: 3392: 3386: 3380:, p. 113 3379: 3374: 3365: 3359: 3353:, p. 112 3352: 3347: 3345: 3335: 3329: 3321: 3315: 3307: 3301: 3294: 3289: 3283:, p. 327 3282: 3281:Erickson 2003 3277: 3275: 3268:, p. 108 3267: 3262: 3256:, p. 104 3255: 3250: 3242: 3236: 3232: 3227: 3226: 3217: 3209: 3203: 3199: 3192: 3184: 3180: 3179: 3171: 3164: 3159: 3151: 3148:. Texas.net. 3147: 3141: 3139: 3137: 3129: 3123: 3116: 3112: 3106: 3102: 3095: 3089:, p. 119 3088: 3083: 3081: 3079: 3077: 3075: 3073: 3071: 3069: 3067: 3047: 3043: 3036: 3035: 3028: 3020: 3016: 3009: 3008: 3000: 2998: 2989: 2985: 2978: 2976: 2967: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2951: 2944: 2942: 2935:, p. 135 2934: 2929: 2927: 2919: 2918:Erickson 2003 2914: 2908:, p. 117 2907: 2902: 2900: 2898: 2896: 2894: 2892: 2890: 2888: 2886: 2884: 2882: 2865: 2861: 2855: 2853: 2848: 2837: 2834: 2832: 2829: 2827: 2824: 2821: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2809: 2806: 2804: 2801: 2798: 2796: 2792: 2788: 2784: 2772: 2768: 2756: 2753: 2750: 2749: 2737: 2734: 2732: 2729: 2727:Vulko Velchev 2726: 2723: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2711: 2708: 2706: 2703: 2700: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2687: 2676: 2672: 2660: 2657: 2654: 2653: 2640: 2638: 2635: 2633: 2630: 2625: 2621: 2618:Peace treaty 2617: 2614: 2611: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2596: 2593: 2591: 2588: 2581: 2577: 2575: 2572: 2570: 2567: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2551: 2549: 2546: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2531: 2528: 2526: 2523: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2494: 2490: 2478: 2475: 2472: 2471: 2458: 2456: 2455:Constantine I 2453: 2451: 2448: 2445: 2443: 2439: 2435: 2433: 2432:Constantine I 2430: 2428: 2427:Nikola Ivanov 2425: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2412: 2411:Constantine I 2409: 2407: 2406:Nikola Ivanov 2404: 2401: 2399: 2395: 2391: 2389: 2388:Constantine I 2386: 2384: 2383:Nikola Ivanov 2381: 2378: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2366: 2365:Constantine I 2363: 2361: 2358: 2355: 2352: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2331: 2327: 2315: 2312: 2309: 2308: 2295: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2268: 2266: 2260: 2257: 2252: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2229: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2194: 2191: 2180: 2178: 2173: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2154: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2135: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2116:Andrei Toshev 2113: 2107: 2097: 2095: 2090: 2088: 2084: 2080: 2076: 2071: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2038: 2031: 2026: 2017: 2015: 2011: 2006: 2003: 1999: 1984: 1982: 1981: 1975: 1972: 1970: 1965: 1963: 1958: 1953: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1933: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1902:Vulko Velchev 1893: 1884: 1882: 1877: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1855: 1850: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1829:under Prince 1828: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1807: 1804: 1799: 1789: 1786: 1780: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1736: 1727: 1725: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1707: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1692: 1689: 1680: 1675: 1670: 1666: 1659:Serbian front 1656: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1582: 1574: 1570: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1553: 1543: 1540: 1536: 1526: 1521: 1511: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1484: 1482: 1481:Janko Vukotić 1477: 1475: 1471: 1470:Constantine I 1467: 1463: 1457: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1441: 1439: 1438:Nikola Ivanov 1435: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1410:Stefan Toshev 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1382: 1378: 1375: 1371: 1365: 1362: 1357: 1347: 1338: 1335: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1316: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1281: 1277: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1247: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1218: 1214: 1200: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1176: 1171: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1135: 1131: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1116: 1112: 1111:Kriva Palanka 1106: 1104: 1100: 1099: 1095:coast, on an 1094: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1033:Balkan League 1030: 1024: 1014: 1012: 1007: 1005: 1001: 997: 993: 989: 985: 981: 977: 973: 969: 965: 961: 946: 943: 941: 938: 936: 933: 931: 928: 926: 923: 921: 918: 916: 913: 911: 908: 906: 903: 901: 898: 896: 893: 892: 889: 884: 874: 869: 867: 862: 860: 855: 854: 851: 839: 836: 833: 830: 826: 823: 821: 810: 807: 804: 802: 791: 788: 785: 782: 780: 769: 767: 763: 760: 758: 747: 744: 741: 738: 737: 736: 724: 718: 715: 711: 708: 705: 703:9,694 missing 702: 699: 698: 695: 684: 683: 678: 671: 668: 662: 657: 652: 647: 642: 637: 632: 627: 622: 617: 616: 614: 609: 604: 603: 598: 592: 587: 582: 580: 575: 570: 568: 563: 558: 556: 551: 546: 543: 542:Janko Vukotić 538: 533: 531: 530:Prince Danilo 526: 521: 519: 514: 509: 507: 502: 497: 495: 490: 485: 483: 482:Constantine I 478: 473: 471: 466: 461: 459: 454: 449: 447: 442: 437: 435: 434:Petar Bojović 430: 425: 423: 418: 413: 411: 406: 401: 399: 394: 389: 388: 386: 381: 376: 371: 369: 368:Nikola Zhekov 364: 359: 357: 356:Stefan Toshev 352: 347: 345: 340: 335: 333: 328: 323: 321: 320:Nikola Ivanov 316: 311: 309: 304: 299: 297: 292: 287: 285: 280: 275: 274: 272: 271: 266: 260: 249: 245: 233: 230: 218: 215: 203: 200: 188: 187: 185: 182: 170: 169: 164: 155: 151: 147: 145: 141: 137: 135: 131: 128: 126: 122: 119: 118: 117: 114: 109: 108: 103: 100: 98: 95: 94: 93: 91: 87: 84: 83: 79: 75: 72: 71: 64: 61: 60: 58: 55: 54: 50: 42: 37: 34: 29: 24: 19: 7979:Bukovina Day 7893:Transnistria 7888:Independence 7782:Unifications 7774:(unenforced) 7730:Sfatul Țării 7527: 7361:Peacekeeping 7353:21st century 7325: 7313: 7236: 7196: 7018: 6879:Pakrac clash 6872:Croatian War 6838:Srb uprising 6725: 6658: 6641: 6609: 6602: 6595:World War II 6447: 6428: 6382: 6381: 6342: 6284:20th century 6219: 6200: 6016: 5857: 5842:19th century 5564:Foreign rule 5217: 5178: 5003:Ismail Kemal 4786:Mihail Savov 4781:Stoyan Danev 4759:Participants 4658: 4576:Kresna Gorge 4535: 4534: 4403:Kirk Kilisse 4361: 4297:Cretan State 4167: 4143: 4120: 4115: 4093: 4073: 4053: 4042: 4022: 3995: 3976: 3955: 3950: 3930: 3923: 3915: 3910: 3902: 3893:. Retrieved 3879: 3874: 3844:Kemal Karpat 3839: 3818:cite journal 3803: 3763: 3757: 3745:. Retrieved 3741:the original 3731: 3685: 3681: 3675: 3642: 3638: 3628: 3597: 3585: 3577: 3572: 3545: 3489: 3458: 3438: 3431: 3411: 3404: 3385: 3373: 3363: 3358: 3333: 3328: 3319: 3314: 3305: 3300: 3295:, p. 24 3288: 3261: 3249: 3224: 3216: 3197: 3191: 3177: 3170: 3165:, p. 97 3158: 3127: 3122: 3114: 3100: 3094: 3053:, retrieved 3040:(in Greek), 3033: 3027: 3006: 2957: 2953: 2913: 2868:. Retrieved 2705:Mihail Savov 2632:Mihail Savov 2590:Mihail Savov 2586:8 July 1913 2569:Mihail Savov 2525:Mihail Savov 2450:Mihail Savov 2402:23 June 1913 2269: 2261: 2253: 2230: 2195: 2189: 2186: 2174: 2155: 2136: 2109: 2091: 2072: 2044:Vardar River 2040: 2007: 2002:Nikola Pašić 1995: 1978: 1976: 1973: 1966: 1954: 1934: 1898: 1878: 1866:Belogradchik 1851: 1808: 1801: 1781: 1741: 1711:Mihail Savov 1708: 1706:on 18 July. 1693: 1684: 1641:Struma River 1599:7th Division 1583: 1579: 1555: 1531: 1485: 1478: 1458: 1442: 1387: 1366: 1352: 1330: 1312: 1297:Stoyan Danev 1273: 1259:Transylvania 1248: 1232:maximalistic 1221: 1172: 1156: 1144: 1140: 1128:Thessaloniki 1107: 1096: 1026: 1008: 959: 957: 945:Kresna Gorge 880: 831: 811: 792: 770: 748: 739:9,000 killed 726: 716: 700:7,583 killed 685: 669: 296:Mihail Savov 166:Belligerents 115: 88: 31:Part of the 18: 7969:Dobruja Day 7626:World War I 7607:Iuliu Maniu 7602:Pan Halippa 7462:Marea Unire 7457:Great Union 7384:Ivory Coast 7030:Bosnian War 6421:World War I 6335:Balkan Wars 5701:(1593–1606) 5582:'s uprising 5580:Jovan Nenad 4897:Nazim Pasha 4791:Ivan Fichev 4776:Ivan Geshov 4771:Ferdinand I 4687:World War I 4413:Lule Burgas 4378:Sarantaporo 4235:Balkan Wars 3979:. Praeger. 3590:Gedeon 1998 3565:Gedeon 1998 3550:Gedeon 1998 3034:Calculation 2826:Ferdinand I 2803:Ferdinand I 2731:Ahmed Pasha 2710:Enver Pasha 2139:Kırk Kilise 2056:Ivan Fichev 2030:Balkan Wars 1950:Enver Pasha 1827:Danube Army 1815:Ioan Culcer 1761:Blagoevgrad 1637:Struma Pass 1620:Demir Hisar 1558:Dojran Lake 1203:Preparation 1184:arbitration 1180:Kutzovlachs 1073:East Thrace 1027:During the 808:961 wounded 567:Enver Pasha 470:Ioan Culcer 284:Ferdinand I 121:East Thrace 110:Territorial 33:Balkan Wars 8045:Categories 7624:Romania in 7471:Background 7230:Kosovo War 6716:Case White 6711:Case Black 6237:AU-BiH War 6054:Kragujevac 5885:Kragujevac 5764:Morean War 4907:Esad Pasha 4902:Zeki Pasha 4870:Nicholas I 4865:Montenegro 4718:Atrocities 4561:Bregalnica 4423:Adrianople 4336:Goudi coup 4242:Background 4005:0465027326 3055:14 January 2870:12 January 2844:References 2786:Commander 2770:Commander 2688:Commander 2674:Commander 2508:Commander 2492:Commander 2459:Stalemate 2345:Commander 2329:Commander 2256:revanchist 2222:Dodecanese 2064:Wilhelm II 1940:by Sultan 1862:Vrazhdebna 1796:See also: 1743:Minister, 1724:Greek Army 1719:Bregalnica 1715:Kalimantsi 1498:and three 1432:area. The 1416:, and the 1414:Kyustendil 1361:Army Corps 1315:Russophile 1093:Aegean Sea 1045:Montenegro 1017:Background 1004:Adrianople 1002:, it lost 940:Adrianople 905:Bregalnica 805:240 killed 672::1,093,802 518:Nicholas I 244:Montenegro 8000:Centenary 7867:Aftermath 7723:documents 6064:Karanovac 6039:Požarevac 5920:Ivankovac 5910:Karanovac 5905:Požarevac 5572:Habsburgs 5488:Mačva War 4927:Enver Bey 4666:Aftermath 4571:Kalimanci 4566:Knjaževac 4383:Kardzhali 4259:Bulgarian 4144:The Serbs 3867:Hall 2000 3796:Hall 2000 3724:Hall 2000 3667:202282745 3659:1360-2004 3621:Hall 2000 3602:Hall 2000 3538:Hall 2000 3521:Hall 2000 3494:Hall 2000 3482:Hall 2000 3463:Hall 2000 3378:Hall 2000 3351:Hall 2000 3293:Hall 2000 3266:Hall 2000 3254:Hall 2000 3163:Hall 2000 3087:Hall 2000 2933:Hall 2000 2906:Hall 2000 2183:Aftermath 2132:Halil Bey 1992:Armistice 1962:Armenians 1938:conquered 1831:Ferdinand 1811:5th Corps 1767:south of 1717:, at the 1704:Kalimanci 1688:Zletovska 1285:ultimatum 1124:Gevgelija 1091:) on the 1085:Black Sea 1083:) on the 1061:Macedonia 978:, on 16 ( 935:Kalimanci 910:Knjaževac 148:Parts of 90:Bulgarian 7962:Holidays 7478:Ideology 7379:DR Congo 6552:Interwar 6084:Batočina 6069:Batočina 6059:Jagodina 6049:Družetić 5990:Varvarin 5940:Deligrad 5895:Čokešina 5875:Svileuva 5691:Ottomans 5067:Medieval 5017:Category 4892:Mehmed V 4828:George I 4766:Bulgaria 4453:Merhamli 4448:Kaliakra 4438:Monastir 4398:Kumanovo 4393:Sorovich 4254:Albanian 4165:(1983). 4141:(2004). 4014:49323460 3889:Archived 3846:(1985), 3747:4 August 3394:Archived 3183:Archived 3150:Archived 3046:archived 3015:Chișinău 2966:26203545 2864:Archived 2767:Bulgaria 2671:Bulgaria 2489:Bulgaria 2326:Bulgaria 2282:and the 2237:Adriatic 2147:Rhodopes 2112:Komotini 2068:Dedeagac 1930:4th Army 1926:3rd Army 1922:2nd Army 1918:1st Army 1910:Gelibolu 1835:Oryahovo 1819:Tutrakan 1783:towards 1777:Komotini 1649:Nevrokop 1629:Strumica 1562:Lachanas 1500:mountain 1496:howitzer 1434:2nd Army 1175:Silistra 1037:Bulgaria 964:Bulgaria 612:600,000+ 600:Strength 555:Mehmed V 181:Bulgaria 138:Most of 73:Location 7555:Figures 7404:Somalia 7394:Liberia 7389:Lebanon 6095:Ottoman 6079:Valjevo 5995:Loznica 5980:Suvodol 5975:Prahovo 5955:Loznica 5915:Adakale 5351:in 1499 5342:in 1479 5336:in 1459 5316:in 1454 5310:in 1454 5301:in 1444 5295:in 1443 5244:in 1413 5238:in 1412 5232:in 1402 5212:in 1389 5206:in 1386 5200:in 1385 5194:in 1381 5188:in 1371 5173:in 1364 5167:in 1352 4999:Albania 4966:Peter I 4944:Carol I 4939:Romania 4659:General 4544:Battles 4468:Korytsa 4458:Driskos 4418:Yenidje 4408:Scutari 4371:Battles 4269:Serbian 3968:Sources 3918:, p. 45 3895:9 April 2789:Result 2783:Romania 2751:Battle 2691:Result 2655:Battle 2511:Result 2473:Battle 2348:Result 2310:Battle 2276:Entente 1942:Murad I 1906:Çatalca 1847:Montana 1843:Nikopol 1803:Romania 1785:Mehomia 1757:Simitli 1624:Evzones 1612:Nigrita 1452:, with 1450:Peter I 1430:Radoviš 1424:in the 1412:around 1293:Sazonov 1196:Balchik 1081:Kıyıköy 1065:Sandžak 1057:Albania 984:Romania 920:Dobruja 665:255,000 645:148,000 635:330,000 625:348,000 446:Carol I 398:Peter I 214:Romania 134:Romania 123:to the 112:changes 92:defeat 7506:Events 7374:Cyprus 6044:Rudnik 6024:Ljubić 6005:Ravnje 5970:Jasika 5930:Vrbica 5925:Rudnik 5890:Drlupa 5870:Rudnik 5865:Vračar 5799:Russia 5756:Venice 5707:(1594) 5433:(1334) 5411:(1154) 5385:(1094) 5334:Serbia 4961:Serbia 4823:Greece 4556:Doiran 4488:Bizani 4483:Şarköy 4478:Bulair 4473:Lemnos 4433:Himara 4428:Prilep 4304:& 4196:, in: 4175: 4151: 4127: 4080: 4061: 4029: 4012: 4002: 3983: 3938: 3770: 3692: 3665: 3657: 3446: 3419: 3237: 3204: 3107: 2964: 2780: 2764: 2683: 2668: 2505:Serbia 2502: 2486: 2342:Greece 2339: 2323: 2206:Serbia 2160:, and 2158:Pomaks 2060:Kavala 2048:Struma 1957:Yambol 1916:. The 1858:116 km 1854:Vratsa 1773:Xanthi 1753:Cannae 1645:Kavala 1633:Dojran 1616:Doxato 1593:, and 1539:Struma 1535:Kilkis 1462:Epirus 1446:Skopje 1426:Kočani 1334:Vardar 1280:Slavic 1236:Edirne 1167:Geshov 1120:Bitola 1075:. The 1069:Thrace 1049:Greece 1041:Serbia 976:Greece 972:Serbia 930:Danube 900:Doiran 818: 799: 777: 755: 733: 692: 655:12,800 256: 241: 229:Greece 226: 211: 199:Serbia 196: 178: 154:Greece 144:Serbia 85:Result 7576:Queen 6163:Other 6074:Užice 6034:Palež 6029:Čačak 6000:Mačva 5985:Drina 5965:Čegar 5935:Mišar 5900:Šabac 5446:Other 4641:Other 4596:Pirot 4591:Vidin 4264:Greek 4119:[ 3684:[ 3663:S2CID 3049:(PDF) 3038:(PDF) 3011:(PDF) 2754:Year 2658:Year 2476:Date 2313:Date 2212:over 1870:Vidin 1839:Gigen 1823:Varna 1769:Sofia 1765:76 km 1696:Pirot 1504:Krupp 1492:field 1374:Drama 1370:Seres 1115:Ohrid 992:Sofia 925:Vidin 915:Pirot 832:Total 717:Total 670:Total 7566:King 7399:Mali 5349:Zeta 4685:and 4463:Elli 4302:IMRO 4173:ISBN 4149:ISBN 4125:ISBN 4078:ISBN 4059:ISBN 4027:ISBN 4010:OCLC 4000:ISBN 3981:ISBN 3936:ISBN 3897:2015 3831:help 3768:ISBN 3749:2010 3690:ISBN 3655:ISSN 3444:ISBN 3417:ISBN 3235:ISBN 3202:ISBN 3105:ISBN 3057:2010 2962:PMID 2872:2012 2822:1913 2799:1913 2724:1913 2701:1913 2290:and 2162:Roma 2130:and 2118:and 2052:Štip 1928:and 1908:and 1841:and 1667:and 1618:and 1605:and 1537:and 1400:and 1392:and 1388:The 1238:and 1194:and 1089:Enez 1067:and 1047:and 980:O.S. 974:and 958:The 56:Date 3647:doi 2235:in 1763:), 1700:Niš 1607:6th 1603:1st 1595:5th 1591:2nd 1587:4th 1418:4th 1406:5th 1394:3rd 1390:1st 152:to 142:to 132:to 8047:: 4008:. 3901:, 3887:. 3882:, 3859:^ 3850:, 3822:: 3820:}} 3816:{{ 3782:^ 3704:^ 3661:. 3653:. 3643:39 3641:. 3637:. 3609:^ 3557:^ 3528:^ 3501:^ 3470:^ 3343:^ 3273:^ 3233:. 3231:62 3135:^ 3065:^ 3017:: 2996:^ 2974:^ 2958:13 2956:. 2952:. 2940:^ 2925:^ 2880:^ 2862:. 2851:^ 2294:. 2251:. 1924:, 1856:, 1837:, 1726:. 1614:, 1589:, 1372:, 1105:. 1063:, 1059:, 1043:, 1039:, 7588:) 7584:( 7578:) 7574:( 7568:) 7564:( 7465:) 7459:( 7442:e 7435:t 7428:v 5051:e 5044:t 5037:v 5005:) 5001:( 4227:e 4220:t 4213:v 4200:. 4181:. 4157:. 4133:. 4086:. 4067:. 4035:. 4016:. 3989:. 3944:. 3899:. 3833:) 3829:( 3776:. 3751:. 3698:. 3669:. 3649:: 3452:. 3425:. 3368:. 3338:. 3243:. 3210:. 3060:. 2990:. 2968:. 2874:. 1428:– 1122:– 1113:– 1035:( 872:e 865:t 858:v 834:: 696::

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