32:
44:
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441:
20:
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121:
in
Terrace Bay, Ontario, Canada. The azimuths of the cones' axes typically radiate outwards from the point of impact, with the cones pointing upwards and toward the center of the impact crater, although the orientations of some of the rocks have been changed by post-cratering geological processes at
114:. Geologists have various theories of what causes shatter cones to form, including compression by the wave as it passes through the rock or tension as the rocks rebound after the pressure subsides. The result is large and small branching fractures throughout the rocks.
97:) of the cones repeating cone-on-cone in large and small scales in the same sample. Sometimes they have more of a spoon shape on the side of a larger cone. In finer-grained rocks such as
117:
Shatter cones can range in size from microscopic to several meters. The largest known shatter cone in the world (more than 10 metres in length) is located at the
338:
110:
Coarser grained rocks tend to yield less well developed shatter cones, which may be difficult to distinguish from other geological formations such as
248:
394:
424:
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409:
389:
331:
399:
287:
Baratoux, D.; Reimold, W.U. (2016). "The current state of knowledge about shatter cones: Introduction to the special issue",
404:
384:
70:
419:
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107:). However, the word "striae" should not be used to describe shatter cones, as that is considered misleading.
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291:, Volume 51, Issue 8, Special Issue: Shatter Cones—Nature and Genesis, pages 1389–1434,
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Shatter cones have a distinctively conical shape that radiates from the top (
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249:"Stalking the Wily Shatter Cone: A Critical Guide for Impact-Crater Hunters"
31:
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101:, they form an easily recognizable "horsetail" pattern with thin grooves (
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Geological feature in bedrock resulting from extreme mechanical shock
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205:"Shatter cones: Branched, rapid fractures formed by shock impact"
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58:
are rare geological features that are only known to form in the
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73:. They are evidence that the rock has been subjected to a
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Largest shatter cone registered, more than 9m in height,
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203:Sagy, A.; Fineberg, J.; Reches, Z. (2004).
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77:with pressures in the range of 2–30
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289:Meteoritics & Planetary Science
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209:Journal of Geophysical Research
180:. Lunar and Planetary Institute
71:underground nuclear explosions
39:, Terrace Bay, Ontario, Canada
1:
870:Lunar and Planetary Institute
702:Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary
157:
88:
7:
762:Planar deformation features
125:
10:
924:
865:Impact Field Studies Group
264:Impact Field Studies Group
47:Typical shatter cone from
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448:
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354:
348:Impact cratering on Earth
247:French, Bevan M. (2005).
835:William Kenneth Hartmann
501:Clearwater East and West
449:Confirmed≥20 km diameter
266:: s 3–10. Archived from
81:(290,000–4,350,000
27:(type locality), Germany
752:Ordovician meteor event
855:Eugene Merle Shoemaker
732:Late Heavy Bombardment
52:
40:
28:
23:Shatter cone from the
876:Traces of Catastrophe
860:Earth Impact Database
808:Ralph Belknap Baldwin
177:Traces of catastrophe
174:French, B.M. (1998).
46:
34:
22:
313:at Wikimedia Commons
256:Impacts in the Field
230:10.1029/2004JB003016
221:2004JGRB..10910209S
772:Shock metamorphism
677:Alvarez hypothesis
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49:Ries impact crater
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825:Edward C. T. Chao
309:Media related to
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850:Peter H. Schultz
813:Daniel Barringer
722:Impact structure
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818:Barringer Medal
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576:Nördlinger Ries
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395:Asia and Russia
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282:Further reading
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25:Steinheim Basin
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273:on 2011-07-20.
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621:Slate Islands
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56:Shatter cones
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37:Slate Islands
33:
26:
21:
874:
845:Graham Ryder
767:Shatter cone
766:
757:Philippinite
606:Saint Martin
601:Rochechouart
506:Gosses Bluff
461:Amelia Creek
364:Impact event
288:
268:the original
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212:
208:
182:. Retrieved
176:
116:
112:slickensides
109:
102:
94:
92:
55:
54:
641:Tookoonooka
626:Steen River
616:Siljan Ring
546:Manicouagan
531:Keurusselkä
892:Categories
782:Stishovite
682:Australite
661:Yarrabubba
631:Strangways
591:Presqu'île
566:Montagnais
536:Lappajärvi
486:Charlevoix
471:Beaverhead
466:Araguainha
420:By country
390:Antarctica
262:(Winter).
184:2007-05-20
158:References
152:Stishovite
122:the site.
89:Morphology
908:Petrology
747:Moldavite
742:Meteorite
727:Impactite
656:Woodleigh
651:Vredefort
611:Shoemaker
571:Morokweng
556:Mistastin
496:Chicxulub
400:Australia
380:Worldwide
99:limestone
64:meteorite
51:, Germany
801:Research
646:Tunnunik
541:Logancha
511:Haughton
481:Carswell
425:Possible
126:See also
62:beneath
792:Tektite
787:Suevite
692:Coesite
687:Breccia
636:Sudbury
586:Popigai
581:Obolon'
561:Mjølnir
526:Karakul
516:Kamensk
476:Boltysh
456:Acraman
217:Bibcode
137:Coesite
132:Breccia
60:bedrock
670:Topics
551:Manson
405:Europe
385:Africa
294:
104:striae
373:Lists
271:(PDF)
252:(PDF)
75:shock
521:Kara
95:apex
225:doi
213:109
85:).
83:psi
79:GPa
69:or
894::
258:.
254:.
239:^
223:.
211:.
207:.
193:^
166:^
340:e
333:t
326:v
260:2
233:.
227::
219::
187:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
