2711:, p. 36, "The Holocaust is particular to Jews and yet has had increasing relevance for those who do not identify as Jewish. ... All Jews everywhere were to be murdered because of their racial heritage was 'put into state policy' on January 20, 1942 at the Wannsee conference (Bazyler 2017, 29). Witness to the genocide of the Jews is a uniquely Jewish experience, because only Jews were targeted by that policy, even if other groups were targeted for genocide under other policies. The Nazi regime committed genocide against the Roma and Sinti, governed by separate policies. They also committed war crimes against Soviet Prisoners of War under other policies. So too the mass murder of disabled and the mentally ill had their own policies. The Nazis committed multiple genocides and crimes against humanity, at the same time, sometimes in the same place, governed by different laws, policies, and practices. It is not correct to say that there were many victim types during 'the Holocaust,' if by 'the Holocaust' we mean the genocide of the Jews.";
1243:
1814:
1937:
86:
746:
996:
1402:
2012:
1119:
2200:
1743:
1231:
2276:
1682:
1472:, partly because of the low priority accorded to these transports. Shortage of rail transport sometimes led to postponement or cancellation of deportations. Upon arrival, the victims were robbed of their remaining possessions, forced to undress, had their hair cut, and were chased into the gas chamber. Death from the gas was agonizing and could take as long as 30 minutes. The gas chambers were primitive and sometimes malfunctioned. Some prisoners were shot because the gas chambers were not functioning. At other extermination camps, nearly everyone on a transport was killed on arrival, but at Auschwitz around 20–25 percent were separated out for labor, although many of these prisoners died later on through starvation, mass shooting, torture, and medical experiments.
2739:, p. xxxix, "This book deals with the fate of the Jews, not of 'other victims' of Nazi political repression and racial-biological policies. Several other groups endured social exclusion, incarceration in concentration camps, and mass murder. However, the rationale for the persecution of these groups differed radically from the intentions that underlay anti-Jewish policy. Even though homosexual men and women, Germans of African descent, and the severely mentally and physically disabled were all disparaged in Nazi racial thinking, and depicted as a threat to the strength and purity of the Volk, only the Jews were characterized as an implacable, powerful, global enemy that had to be fought at every turn and finally eliminated.";
2731:, p. 50, "Given this, it must always be remembered that the Holocaust was a premeditated action by the Nazis to permanently eradicate a Jewish presence in Europe. Others—the disabled, Roma, Poles and other Slavs, Jehovah's Witnesses, homosexuals, dissenting clergy, communists, socialists, "asocials," and political opponents of all sorts—were also persecuted and in many cases murdered in huge numbers; however, it was the campaign against the Jews that was the ideological "ground zero" for Nazi racial ideology. Others besides Jews were murdered, often on a genocidal scale, and should be remembered and acknowledged: but it was only the Jews who were all to be killed as part of a calculated policy of genocide.";
2787:, pp. 14–15, "There are a number of words I will try to avoid because of the serious misconceptions they might lead to. The terms 'Holocaust' and 'Shoah' are not useful since neither has any analytical value. 'Holocaust' (derived from the Greek holókauton, or burned sacrifice) has a religious connotation unbefitting of the event it is supposed to refer to, and users of this term may mean by it either the persecution and murder of Jews alone, or Nazi German violence against any group more generally ... Importantly, 'Holocaust' and 'Shoah' have also been criticized as 'teleological and anachronistic' terms that convey a retrospective view that makes complex processes appear 'as a single event.'";
2024:
2084:
2565:
2109:
determination, and luck played a major role in determining survival. Jews in hiding were hunted down with the assistance of local collaborators and rewards offered for their denunciation. The death penalty was sometimes enforced on people hiding them, especially in eastern Europe. Rescuers' motivations varied on a spectrum from altruism to expecting sex or material gain; it was not uncommon for helpers to betray or murder Jews if their money ran out. Gerlach argues that hundreds of thousands of Jews may have died because of rumors or denunciations, and many others never attempted to escape because of a belief it was hopeless.
2779:, p. 6, "Echoing this view, some have contended that the expression 'the Holocaust' ought to refer not only to the encounter between the Third Reich and the Jews but also to 'the horrors that Poles, other Slavs, and Gypsies endured at the hands of the Nazis' (Lukas, 1986: 220). Others have extended the term to encompass the Third Reich's treatment of homosexuals, the mentally ill or infrm, and Jehovah's Witnesses, speaking of 11 or 12 million victims of the Holocaust, half of whom were Jews. Still others have employed the word 'holocaust' also when referring to cases of mass murder not perpetrated by the Third Reich.";
2735:, p. 4, "I will use the term 'Holocaust' to refer mainly to the Nazi attempt to murder the Jews of Europe; however, I will also use the more inclusive term 'Nazi genocidal project' to capture the larger murderous vision of which the Jews were such a large part. This includes Sinti/Roma (gypsies), the handicapped, political 'enemies,' Soviet prisoners of war, and—particularly in the East—entire ethnic groups such as the Slavs. One cannot understand the Holocaust in Eastern Europe without placing it in the context of this larger Nazi genocidal project that foresaw murder and demographic engineering on a colossal scale.";
2464:
2723:, pp. 199–200, "The Nazis killed some people almost exclusively due to their supposed genetic inferiority (the mentally and physically handicapped, Slavs, Roma); they killed others almost exclusively due to their perceived cultural decadence (communists, democrats, modernist authors and artists); but only the Jews were indicted on both grounds simultaneously and with equal vigor. ... This is not to say that Roma, communists, and others were not hated and murdered by the Nazis, but it is to note that the Jews were unique in being despised and assaulted in every dimension of their identity, corporeal and psychic.";
981:
1161:
833:
2775:'s terms, the Holocaust involved three separate "clusters of genocidal projects": euthanasia and "racial purification" directed against the disabled and Sinti and Roma (at the time referred to collectively as "Gypsies") within the Third Reich; the eradication of Slavic populations living in countries east of Germany; and the Final Solution proper—that is, the attempted mass murder of every Jew residing anywhere within Germany's sphere of influence (Browning 2010, 407). (The list of persecuted categories—people targeted by the Nazis in ways short of genocide—would of course be longer.)";
966:", the murder of around 70,000 institutionalized Germans with mental or physical disabilities at specialized killing centers using poison gas. The victims included all 4,000 to 5,000 institutionalized Jews. Despite efforts to maintain secrecy, knowledge of the killings leaked out and Hitler ordered a halt to the centralized killing program in August 1941. Decentralized killings via denial of medical care, starvation, and poisoning caused an additional 120,000 deaths by the end of the war. Many of the same personnel and technologies were later used for the mass murder of Jews.
415:
2715:, Introduction: What is the Holocaust?, "This is why the focus here is on the Jews. Roma, the disabled, Soviet POWs, homosexuals and other groups were victims of the Nazis, and it is entirely legitimate to study their fate alongside one another. But using the term 'Holocaust' to encompass all of these groups with the aim of being inclusive and not prioritizing one group's suffering, actually does a disservice to groups other than Jews. For the Nazis persecuted these groups for different reasons, reasons we fail to appreciate if we collapse them all together.";
1142:, including more than 300,000 in Belarus. From 1942 onwards, the Germans and their allies targeted villages suspected of supporting the partisans, burning them and killing or expelling their inhabitants. During these operations, nearby small ghettos were liquidated and their inhabitants shot. By 1943, anti-partisan operations aimed for the depopulation of large areas of Belarus. Jews and those unfit for work were typically shot on the spot with others deported. Although most of those killed were not Jews, anti-partisan warfare often led to the deaths of Jews.
1049:, were established in existing residential neighborhoods and closed by fences or walls. In many smaller ghettos, Jews were forced into poor neighborhoods but with no fence. Forced labor programs provided subsistence to many ghetto inhabitants, and in some cases protected them from deportation. Workshops and factories were operated inside some ghettos, while in other cases Jews left the ghetto to work outside it. Because the ghettos were not segregated by sex some family life continued. A Jewish community leadership (
2719:, pp. 3 ("This book is about an encounter between two sets of human beings: on one hand, the people who acted on behalf of the German state, its agencies, or its almost 66 million citizens between 30 January 1933 and 8 May 1945; on the other, the more than 9 million Jews ...") and 5 ("Those discoveries about the encounter between the Third Reich and the Jews made that encounter stand out in the minds of many from other instances of Nazi persecution and encouraged observers to assign it its own special name.");
27060:
2747:, p. 2, "Other groups—for example, Sinti and Roma, homosexuals, and Slavs—were swept up in the maelstrom of the Holocaust, but not for the same reasons as Jews and not with the same consequences ... In none of these cases, however, was the target group considered dangerous or coherent enough to warrant complete or immediate extirpation. This circumstance constitutes a significant difference from policies pursued toward the Jews, a difference that helps to clarify and define the Holocaust itself.";
543:
2783:, pp. 1–2, "For perhaps the first time, all major victim groups where the death tolls reached at least into the tens of thousands will be considered together: Jewish and non-Jewish ... it makes a great deal of sense to consider the different strands of Nazi mass killing together rather than in isolation from one another. This of course means going against the grain of most scholarship on the subject by examining the genocide of the European Jews alongside other Nazi mass-murder campaigns.";
612:
2311:
2288:
could not keep up were shot. The evacuations were ordered partly to retain the prisoners as forced labor and partly to avoid allowing any prisoners to fall into enemy hands. In
October and November 1944, 90,000 Jews were deported from Budapest to the Austrian border. The transfer of prisoners from Auschwitz began in mid-1944, the gas chambers were shut down and destroyed after October, and in January most of the remaining 67,000 Auschwitz prisoners were sent on a death march westwards.
1838:
deportation of Jews to their area by massacring local Jews in order to free up space in ghettos for the deportees. If the deported Jews did not die of harsh conditions, they were killed later in extermination camps. Jews deported to
Auschwitz were initially entered into the camp; the practice of conducting selections and murdering many prisoners upon arrival began in July 1942. In May and June, German and Slovak Jews deported to Lublin began to be sent directly to extermination camps.
27234:
27217:
22769:
21982:
14396:
23780:
27115:
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27200:
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742:, with varying rights. The regime also sought to segregate Jews with a view to their ultimate disappearance from the country. Jewish students were gradually forced out of the school system. Some municipalities enacted restrictions governing where Jews were allowed to live or conduct business. In 1938 and 1939, Jews were barred from additional occupations, and their businesses were expropriated to force them out of the economy.
27149:
1981:
obtain better jobs vacated by murdered Jews. Businessmen benefitted from eliminating their Jewish competitors or taking over Jewish-owned businesses. Others took over housing and possessions that had belonged to Jews. Some Poles living near the extermination camps later dug up human remains in search of valuables. The property of deported Jews was also appropriated by
Germany's allies and collaborating governments. Even
27132:
22779:
1255:. Typically, the pits would be guarded after the execution but sometimes a few victims managed to escape afterwards. Executions were public spectacles and the victims' property was looted both by the occupiers and local inhabitants. Around 200 ghettos were established in the occupied Soviet Union, with many existing only briefly before their inhabitants were executed. A few large ghettos such as Vilna,
2292:
escape forced labor. The death marches led to the breakdown of supplies for the camps that continued to exist, causing additional deaths. Although there was no systematic killing of Jews during the death marches, around 70,000 to 100,000 Jews died in the last months of the war. Many of the death march survivors ended up in other concentration camps that were liberated in 1945 during the
2449:. Although many survivors were in poor health, they attempted to organize self-government in these camps, including education and rehabilitation efforts. Due to the reluctance of other countries to allow their immigration, many survivors remained in Germany until the establishment of Israel in 1948. Others moved to the United States around 1950 due to loosened immigration restrictions.
2791:, p. 51, "The authors of this volume have adopted the third approach to a working definition: The Holocaust—that is, Nazi genocide—was the systematic, state-sponsored murder of entire groups determined by heredity. This applied to Jews, Gypsies, and the handicapped. This section also makes it clear that other definitions are defended by scholars who deserve a respectful hearing."
325:. Although many Jews tried to escape, surviving in hiding was difficult due to factors such as the lack of money to pay helpers and the risk of denunciation. The property, homes, and jobs belonging to murdered Jews were redistributed to the German occupiers and other non-Jews. Although the majority of Holocaust victims died in 1942, the killing continued at a lower rate until the
1710:. In March 1942, killings began in Belzec, targeting Jews from Lublin who were not capable of work. This action reportedly reduced the black market and was deemed a success to be replicated elsewhere. By mid-1942, Nazi leaders decided to allow only 300,000 Jews to survive in the General Governorate by the end of the year for forced labor; for the most part, only those working in
2502:, which the prosecution argued was the root of Nazi criminality; nevertheless, the systematic murder of Jews came to take center stage. This trial and others held by the Allies in occupied Germany—the United States Army alone charged 1,676 defendants in 462 war crimes trials—were widely perceived as an unjust form of political revenge by the German public.
2061:
hours, and abuse by employers. Hundreds of thousands died. Many others were forced to work for the occupiers without leaving their country of residence. Some of
Germany's allies, including Slovakia and Hungary, agreed to deport Jews to protect non-Jews from German demands for forced labor. East European women were also kidnapped, via
2702:, pp. 18–19, "Much of this debate curiously boils down to a very specific historical question, namely, did the Nazis target the Jews for genocide in a manner that was essentially different from their treatment of any other group under their rule? There can be little doubt that the Jews played a singular role in the Nazi
2641:, the Holocaust was evoked widely and divergently, by Jews and non-Jews alike. Whether Holocaust memory actually promotes human rights is disputed. In Israel, the memory of the Holocaust has been used at times to justify the use of force and violation of international human rights norms, in particular as part of the
2629:
self-critical memory of the
Holocaust developed in the 1970s and 1980s, and spread to some other western European countries. The national memories of the Holocaust were extended to the European Union as a whole, in which Holocaust memory has provided both shared history and an emotional rationale for committing to
1030:, but this proved impossible. The Nazis planned that harsh conditions in these areas would kill many Jews. In September 1939, around 7,000 Jews were killed, alongside thousands of Poles, however, they were not systematically targeted as they would be later, and open mass killings would subside until June of 1941.
1057:) exercised some authority and tried to sustain the Jewish community while following German demands. As a survival strategy, many tried to make the ghettos useful to the occupiers as a labor reserve. Jews in western Europe were not forced into ghettos but faced discriminatory laws and confiscation of property.
2386:, which was marked by the introduction of extermination camps. Roughly two million Jews were killed from March 1942 to November 1943. Around 1.47 million Jews were murdered in just 100 days from late July to early November 1942, a rate approximately 83% higher than the commonly suggested figure for the
2706:
and that German Jewish policies distinguished them within the Nazi universe of murder and fantasy; but other groups clearly have been similarly targeted in other genocides 'the extent of the 'final solution' was ... shaped by an antisemitism that was colored by a different element over and above the
2523:
Historians estimate that property losses to Jews of
Germany, Austria, the Netherlands, France, Poland, and Hungary amounted to around 10 billion in 1944 dollars, or $ 170 billion in 2023. This estimate does not include the value of labor extracted. Overall, the amount of Jewish property looted by the
2374:
Around six million Jews were killed. Of the six million victims, most of those killed were from
Eastern Europe, and with half from Poland alone. Around 1.3 million Jews who had once lived under Nazi rule or in one of Germany's allies survived the war. One-third of the Jewish population worldwide, and
2291:
In
January 1945, more than 700,000 people were imprisoned in the concentration camp system, of whom as many as a third died before the end of the war. At this time, most concentration camp prisoners were Soviet and Polish civilians, either arrested for real or supposed resistance or for attempting to
2056:
In mid-1943, Himmler sought to bring surviving Jewish forced laborers under the control of the SS in the concentration camp system. Some of the forced-labor camps for Jews and some ghettos, such as Kovno, were designated concentration camps, while others were dissolved and surviving prisoners sent to
2185:
Throughout the war, no detailed photo intelligence study was carried out on any of the major concentration or extermination camps. Appeals from Jewish representatives to the
American and British governments to bomb rail lines leading to the camps or crematoriums was rejected, with little to no input
1770:
At the same time as the mass killing of Jews in the
General Governorate, Jews who were in ghettos to the west and east were targeted. Tens of thousands of Jews were deported from ghettos in the Warthegau and East Upper Silesia to Chełmno and Auschwitz. 300,000 Jews—largely skilled laborers—were shot
1762:
between 22 July and 12 September. Of the original population of 350,000 Jews, 250,000 were killed at Treblinka, 11,000 were deported to labor camps, 10,000 were shot in the ghetto, 35,000 were allowed to remain in the ghetto after a final selection, and around 20,000 or 25,000 managed to hide in the
1386:
on 20 January 1942. This high-level meeting was intended to coordinate anti-Jewish policy. The majority of Holocaust killings were carried out in 1942, with it being the peak of the genocide, as over 3 million Jews were murdered, with 20 or 25 percent of Holocaust victims dying before early 1942 and
1329:
brigades, and local auxiliaries shot many Jews. By the end of 1941, more than 80 percent of the Jews in central Ukraine, eastern Belarus, Russia, Latvia, and Lithuania had been shot, but less than 25 percent of those living farther west where 900,000 remained alive. By the end of the war, around 1.5
1203:
The occupiers relied on locals to identify Jews to be targeted. The first German mass killings targeted adult male Jews who had worked as civil servants or in jobs requiring education. Tens of thousands were shot by the end of July. The vast majority of civilian victims were Jews. In July and August
2743:, p. xiii, "This book also reflects another of its editor's convictions: the Holocaust was National Socialist Germany's assault on the Jews of Europe. Nazism attacked many groups, but none for the same reason that it attacked the Jews, none with the same urgency, and none to the same extent.";
1459:
The camps were located on rail lines to make it easier to transport Jews to their deaths, but in remote places to avoid notice. The stench caused by mass killing operations was noticeable to anyone nearby. Except in the deportations from western and central Europe, people were typically deported to
1250:
The executions often took place a few kilometers from a town. Victims were rounded up and marched to the execution site, forced to undress, and shot into previously dug pits. The favored technique was a shot in the back of the neck with a single bullet. In the chaos, many victims were not killed by
1033:
During the invasion, synagogues were burned and thousands of Jews fled or were expelled into the Soviet occupation zone. Various anti-Jewish regulations were soon issued. In October 1939, adult Jews in the General Governorate were required to perform forced labor. In November 1939 they were ordered
2671:
points out how the Holocaust was unique in that it was "the industrial killing of millions of human beings in factories of death, ordered by a modern state, organized by a conscientious bureaucracy, and supported by a law-abiding, patriotic "civilized" society." Another debate concerns whether the
2259:, mostly to Auschwitz. The expropriation of Jewish property was useful to achieve Hungarian economic goals and sending the Jews as forced laborers avoided the need to send non-Jewish Hungarians. Those who survived the selection were forced to provide construction and manufacturing labor as part of
2060:
Including the Soviet prisoners of war, 13 million people were brought to Germany for forced labor. The largest nationalities were Soviet and Polish and they were the worst-treated groups except for Roma and Jews. Soviet and Polish forced laborers endured inadequate food and medical treatment, long
1202:
were reorganized in preparation for mass killings and instructed to shoot Soviet officials and Jewish state and party employees. The shootings were justified on the basis of Jews' supposed central role in supporting the communist system, but it was not initially envisioned to kill all Soviet Jews.
719:
made up less than 1 percent of the country's population in 1933. They were wealthier on average than other Germans and largely assimilated, although a minority were recent immigrants from eastern Europe. Various German government agencies, Nazi Party organizations, and local authorities instituted
2444:
convinced many survivors to leave eastern Europe. Antisemitism was reported to increase in several countries after the war, in part due to conflicts over property restitution. When the war ended, there were less than 28,000 German Jews and 60,000 non-German Jews in Germany. By 1947, the number of
2108:
The support, or at least absence of active opposition, of the local population was essential but often lacking in Eastern Europe. Those in hiding depended on the assistance of non-Jews. Having money, social connections with non-Jews, a non-Jewish appearance, perfect command of the local language,
2584:
declared that "the Holocaust, perhaps more than any other event in the past century, represents the pinnacle of evil". The Holocaust has been described as "perhaps the most savage and significant single crime in recorded history" and that of the most barbaric events in the twentieth century "the
2287:
Following Allied advances, the SS deported concentration camp prisoners to camps in Germany and Austria, starting in mid-1944 from the Baltics. Weak and sick prisoners were often killed in the camp and others were forced to travel by rail or on foot, usually with no or inadequate food. Those who
670:
Although the Nazis sought to control every aspect of public and private life, Nazi repression was directed almost entirely against groups perceived as outside the national community. Most Germans had little to fear provided they did not oppose the new regime. The new regime built popular support
2628:
to be drawn from the Holocaust, whether this is the case and what these lessons are is disputed. Communist states marginalized the topic of antisemitic persecution while eliding their nationals' collaboration with Nazism, a tendency that continued into the post-communist era. In West Germany, a
2575:
In the decades after the war, Holocaust memory was largely confined to the survivors and their communities. The popularity of Holocaust memory peaked in the 1990s after the fall of Communism, and became central to Western historical consciousness as a symbol of the ultimate human evil. Genocide
1980:
Millions of Germans and others benefited from the genocide. Corruption was rampant in the SS despite the proceeds of the Holocaust being designated as state property. Different German state agencies vied to receive property stolen from Jews murdered at the death camps. Many workers were able to
1956:
varied and has led to historiographical debate. Studies of the SS officials who organized the Holocaust have found that most had strong ideological commitment to Nazism. In addition to ideological factors, many perpetrators were motivated by the prospect of material gain and social advancement.
1738:
were often ordered to assist with liquidation actions, although these Jews were in most cases murdered later. Chaotic, capriciously executed selections determined who would be loaded onto the trains. Many Jews were shot during the action, often leaving ghettos strewn with corpses. Jewish forced
918:
to the Soviet interior, including as many as 260,000 Jews who largely survived the war. Although most Jews were not communists, some accepted positions in the Soviet administration, contributing to a pre-existing perception among many non-Jews that Soviet rule was a Jewish conspiracy. In 1940,
2052:
deliberately subjected workers to murderous conditions. Beginning in 1941 and increasingly as time went on, Jews capable of employment were separated from others—who were usually killed. They were typically employed in non-skilled jobs and could be replaced easily if non-Jewish workers were
1837:
Unlike the killing areas in the east, the deportation from elsewhere in Europe was centrally organized from Berlin, although it depended on the outcome of negotiations with allied governments and popular responses to deportation. Beginning in late 1941, local administrators responded to the
762:
Anti-Jewish violence, largely locally organized by members of Nazi Party institutions, took primarily non-lethal forms from 1933 to 1939. Jewish stores, especially in rural areas, were often boycotted or vandalized. As a result of local and popular pressure, many small towns became entirely
2375:
two-thirds of European Jews, had been wiped out. Death rates varied widely due to a variety of factors and approached 100 percent in some areas. Some reasons why survival chances varied was the availability of emigration and protection from Germany's allies—which saved around 600,000 Jews.
1951:
An estimated 200,000 to 250,000 Germans were directly involved in killing Jews, and if one includes all those involved in the organization of extermination, the number rises to 500,000. Genocide required the active and tacit consent of millions of Germans and non-Germans. The motivation of
1972:
partisans, and some civilians. Some were coerced into committing violence against Jews, but others killed for entertainment, material rewards, the possibility of better treatment from the occupiers, or ideological motivations such as nationalism and anti-communism. According to historian
1350:
in Poland, and the beginning of the deportation of German Jews as indicative of the final decision having been made before December 1941. Others argue that these policies were initiatives by local leaders and that the final decision was made later. On 5 December 1941, the Soviet Union
800:. By the end of 1939, most Jews who could emigrate had already done so; those who remained behind were disproportionately elderly, poor, or female and could not obtain a visa. The plurality, around 110,000, left for the United States, while smaller numbers emigrated to South America,
815:
Besides Germany, a significant number of other European countries abandoned democracy for some kind of authoritarian or fascist rule. Many countries, including Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and Slovakia, passed antisemitic legislation in the 1930s and 1940s. In October 1938,
2547:. Germany paid pensions and other reparations for harm done to some Holocaust survivors. Other countries have paid restitution for assets stolen from Jews from these countries. Most Western European countries restored some property to Jews after the war, while communist countries
2047:
and segregated work details. These camps were often of a temporary nature and typically overseen by civilian authorities. Initially, mortality did not increase dramatically. After mid-1941, conditions for Jewish forced laborers drastically worsened and death rates increased; even
2751:, pp. 1–2, "For the purpose of this book, the Holocaust is understood as the genocide of the Jews ... 'Holocaust', then, refers to the genocide of the Jews, which by no means excludes an understanding that other groups—notably Romanies and Slavs—were victims of genocide.";
2707:
racism and ethno-nationalism that explains the murder of other groups by Nazi Germany—that element being the view of 'the Jews' as an implacable, collective world enemy.' To be sure, this makes the Holocaust unique only within the context of the Nazi empire ...";
2421:. In some countries, such as Hungary, Jews were a majority of civilian deaths; in Poland, they were either a majority or about half. In other countries such as the Soviet Union, France, Greece, and Yugoslavia, non-Jewish civilian losses outnumbered Jewish deaths.
1100:. To increase the speed of conquest the Germans planned to feed their army by looting, exporting additional food to Germany, and to terrorize the local inhabitants with preventative killings. The Germans foresaw that the invasion would cause a food shortfall and
1714:
were spared. The majority of ghettos were liquidated in mass executions nearby, especially if they were not near a train station. Larger ghettos were more commonly liquidated during multiple deportations to extermination camps. During this campaign, 1.5 million
2759:, pp. 45 ("The Holocaust is commonly defined as the mass murder of more than 5,000,000 Jews by the Germans during World War II. Not everyone finds this a fully satisfactory definition.") and 51 ("the traditional view that it was the genocide of the Jews alone")
2057:
a concentration camp. Despite many deaths, as many as 200,000 Jews survived the war inside the concentration camps. Although most Holocaust victims were never imprisoned in a concentration camp, the image of these camps is a popular symbol of the Holocaust.
2119:
in most European countries, and often were overrepresented. Jews were not always welcome, particularly in nationalist resistance groups—some of which killed Jews. Particularly in Belarus, with its favorable geography of dense forests, many Jews joined the
1705:
Plans to kill most of the Jews in the General Governorate were affected by various goals of the SS, military, and civil administration to reduce the amount of food consumed by Jews, enable a slight increase in rations to non-Jewish Poles, and combat the
2524:
Nazis was about 10 percent of the total stolen from occupied countries. Efforts by survivors to receive reparations for their losses began immediately after World War II. There was an additional wave of restitution efforts in the 1990s connected to the
2178:(JDC) raised $ 70 million and in the years after the war it raised $ 300 million. This money was spent aiding emigrants and providing direct relief in the form of parcels and other assistance to Jews living under German occupation, and after the war to
638:
in January 1933 in a backroom deal supported by right-wing politicians. Within months, all other political parties were banned, the regime seized control of the media, tens of thousands of political opponents—especially communists—were arrested, and
2170:
condemning the systematic murder of Jews. Most neutral countries in Europe maintained a pro-German foreign policy during the war. Nevertheless, some Jews were able to escape to neutral countries, whose policies ranged from rescue to non-action.
2398:
states that over two million Jews were murdered from late July to mid-November, stating that "these three-and-a-half months were the most intense, the deadliest of the entire Holocaust". It was the fastest rate of genocidal killing in history.
2053:
available, but those in skilled positions had a higher chance of survival. Although conditions varied widely between camps, Jewish forced laborers were typically treated worse than non-Jewish prisoners and suffered much higher mortality rates.
2243:
in the face of a half-hearted German deportation effort in late 1943. Additional killings in 1943 and 1944 eliminated all remaining ghettos and most surviving Jews in Eastern Europe. Belzec, Sobibor, and Treblinka were shut down and
2104:
was essential to take action, but many struggled to believe the news. Many attempted to jump from trains or flee ghettos and camps, but successfully escaping and living in hiding was extremely difficult and often unsuccessful.
1783:
and Galicia killed many Jews. Although there was practically no resistance in the General Governorate in 1942, some Soviet Jews improvised weapons, attacked those attempting to liquidate the ghetto, and set it on fire. These
1487:(largely Ukrainian auxiliaries), and very few German guards. About half of the Jews killed in the Holocaust died by poison gas. Thousands of Romani people were also murdered in the extermination camps. Prisoner uprisings at
1133:
were intended to die in large numbers. Sixty percent—3.3 million people—died, primarily of starvation, making them the second largest group of victims of Nazi mass killing after European Jews. Jewish prisoners of war and
2555:
that never passed any restitution legislation. Many restitution programs fell short of restoration of prewar assets, and in particular, large amounts of immovable property was never returned to survivors or their heirs.
1866:
and other resistance efforts in France. The death rate in the Netherlands was higher than neighboring countries, which scholars have attributed to difficulty in hiding or increased collaboration of the Dutch police.
1841:
In Western Europe, almost all Jewish deaths occurred after deportation. The occupiers often relied on local policemen to arrest Jews, limiting the number who were deported. In 1942, nearly 100,000 Jews were deported
2755:, p. 1, "Between 5,100,000 and 6,200,000 Jews were murdered during the Second World War, an episode the Nazis called the 'final solution of the Jewish question'. The world today knows it as the Holocaust.";
1800:
necessitated the use of heavy weapons. The uprising in Warsaw prompted the Nazi leadership to liquidate additional ghettos and labor camps in German-occupied Poland with their inhabitants massacred, such as the
2514:
in 1961. Instead of convicting Eichmann on the basis of documentary evidence, Israeli prosecutors asked many Holocaust survivors to testify, a strategy that increased publicity but has proven controversial.
1330:
to 2 million Jews were shot and as many as 225,000 Roma. The murderers found the executions distressing and logistically inconvenient, which influenced the decision to switch to other methods of killing.
2182:. The United States banned sending relief into German-occupied Europe after entering the war, but the JDC continued to do so. From 1939 to 1944, 81,000 European Jews emigrated with the JDC's assistance.
456:. By the early twentieth century, most Jews in central and western Europe were well integrated into society, while in eastern Europe, where emancipation had arrived later, many Jews continued to live in
21840:
1314:
near Riga, but Himmler ordered an end to such massacres and some in the senior Nazi leadership voiced doubts about killing German Jews. Executions of German Jews in the Baltics resumed in early 1942.
1805:, or deported to extermination camps for fear of additional Jewish resistance developing. Nevertheless, in early 1944, more than 70,000 Jews were performing forced labor in the General Governorate.
903:
61:
2536:
2479:
that affected possibly as much as 2–3 percent of the population of Europe, although most of the resulting trials did not emphasize crimes against Jews. Nazi atrocities led to the United Nations'
1483:
reported a combined revenue of RM 178.7 million from belongings stolen from their victims, far exceeding costs. Combined, the camps required the labor of less than 3,000 Jewish prisoners, 1,000
17305:
2267:. Although the Nazis' goal of eliminating any Jewish population from Germany had largely been achieved in 1943, it was reversed in 1944 as a result of the importation of these Jews for labor.
1034:
to wear white armbands. Laws decreed the seizure of most Jewish property and the takeover of Jewish-owned businesses. When Jews were forced into ghettos, they lost their homes and belongings.
2296:. The liberators found piles of corpses that they had to bulldoze into mass graves. Some survivors were freed there and others had been liberated by the Red Army during its march westwards.
11227:
2235:, with limited success. Attempts to continue deportations in Western Europe after 1942 often failed because of Jews going into hiding and the increasing recalcitrance of local authorities.
2101:
7619:
17514:
2390:. Between July to October 1942, two million Jews were murdered, including Operation Reinhard and other killings, with over three million Jews killed in 1942 alone, as stated by historian
16742:
12495:
18598:
23239:
1018:
of the General Governorate. 45,000 Jews were deported by November and left to fend for themselves, causing many deaths. Deportations stopped in early 1940 due to the opposition of
7084:
2683:, the world Jewish population reached 15.2 million by the end of 2020 – approximately 1.4 million less than on the eve of the Holocaust in 1939, when the number was 16.6 million.
12522:
1722:
In order to reduce resistance, the ghetto would be raided without warning, usually in the early morning, and the extent of the operation would be concealed as long as possible.
797:
287:
1235:
1763:
ghetto. Misdirection efforts convinced many Jews that they could avoid deportation until it was too late. During a six-week period beginning in August, 300,000 Jews from the
2440:
After liberation, many Jews attempted to return home. Limited success in finding relatives, the refusal of many non-Jews to return property, and violent attacks such as the
20805:
12990:
8464:
2445:
Jews in Germany had increased to 250,000 owing to emigration from eastern Europe allowed by the communist authorities; Jews made up around 25 percent of the population of
1879:
1104:
of Soviet cities and some rural areas. Although the starvation policy was less successful than planners hoped, the residents of some cities, particularly in Ukraine, and
25631:
18402:
17549:
16078:
12157:
866:
383:
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1342:
to kill all Jews across Europe, but there is disagreement when. Some historians cite inflammatory statements by Hitler and other Nazi leaders as well as the concurrent
24977:
15529:
1022:, the leader of the General Governorate, who did not want his fiefdom to become a dumping ground for unwanted Jews. After the conquest of France, the Nazis considered
19449:
1219:' zones of operation, relaying orders to kill more Jews. At this time, the killers began to murder Jewish women and children too. Executions peaked at 40,000 a month
26982:
24993:
23299:
17170:
2495:
317:. Victims were deported by rail to extermination camps where, if they survived the journey, most were killed with poison gas. Other Jews continued to be employed in
1286:
from 1941 to 1943. Jews from Transnistria were also imprisoned in these ghettos, where the total death toll may have reached 160,000. Hungary expelled thousands of
1957:
German SS, police, and regular army units rarely had trouble finding enough men to shoot Jewish civilians, even though punishment for refusal was absent or light.
25320:
2413:
Separate Nazi persecutions killed a similar or larger number of non-Jewish civilians and POWs; estimated by Gerlach at 6 to 8 million, at more than 10 million by
732:
in 1935. The laws reserved full citizenship rights for those of "German or related blood", restricted Jews' economic activity, and criminalized new marriages and
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17574:
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from the War Departments of the United States or United Kingdom. However, debate exists on whether a military response would have impacted on the Holocaust.
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despite the prohibition of relationships, including fraternization, between German and foreign workers, which imposed the penalty of imprisonment and death.
1891:
1279:
24949:
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24081:
23378:
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19252:
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on 22 June 1941. Although the war was launched more for strategic than ideological reasons, what Hitler saw as an apocalyptic battle against the forces of
1041:
were established in the Wartheland and General Governorate in 1939 and 1940 on the initiative of local German administrators. The largest ghettos, such as
19961:
378:
is sometimes used to refer to the persecution of other groups that the Nazis targeted, especially those targeted on a biological basis, in particular the
25413:
24902:
24518:
21040:
15442:
8527:
1242:
858:
18856:
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united Germans across the political spectrum. The military promoted the untrue but compelling idea that, rather than being defeated on the battlefield,
23928:
18987:
18864:
16118:
9775:
2167:
2151:
16825:
1997:
for harboring gold deposited by Nazis who had stolen it during the Holocaust, as well as profiting from unclaimed deposits made by Holocaust victims.
591:(living space) in Eastern Europe for colonization. These ideas appealed to many Germans. The Nazis promised to protect European civilization from the
25299:
24739:
24615:
23311:
22712:
13897:
12323:
11199:
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1994:
220:
188:
9336:
How Do We Remember the Armenian Genocide and the Holocaust? A Global View of an Integrated Memory of Perpetrators, Victims and Third-party Countries
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many formerly Jewish assets, meaning that the overall amount restored to Jews has been lower in those countries. Poland is the only member of the
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18395:
16997:
16777:
16213:
15474:
15388:
13235:
12998:
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7629:
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Shooting from behind became popular because killers did not have to look at their victims' faces and the dead were likely to fall into the grave.
710:
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2211:
in May or June 1944. Men are lined up to the right, women and children to the left. About 25 percent were selected for work and the rest gassed.
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programme—amid increasing talk among German administrators in Poland of large-scale murder of Jews in the General Governorate. In late 1941 in
1356:
1130:
721:
26854:
20572:
18773:
9019:
8068:
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is often cited as the main factor explaining the Holocaust. From the beginning, the Nazis—not unlike other nation-states in Europe—dreamed of
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as well. It is the single most documented and studied genocide in history. It is also seen as the archetype of genocide and the benchmark in
2610:
1813:
1401:
1364:
349:
25362:
16205:
2231:
in late 1943, Germany deported several thousand Jews from Italy and the former Italian occupation zones of France, Yugoslavia, Albania, and
25740:
25596:
25580:
25552:
24793:
24000:
23446:
23393:
23388:
23383:
22512:
20795:
20686:
13681:
12822:
12817:
12809:
11310:
11222:
6283:
2175:
627:
519:(1914–1918) intensified nationalist and racist sentiments in Germany and other European countries. Jews in eastern Europe were targeted by
7156:
3739:
1681:
1188:, Ukraine, and the Romanian borderlands. Although German forces tried to incite pogroms, their role in causing violence is controversial.
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23700:
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22495:
21767:
18337:
18244:
18078:
17579:
12226:
12050:
8992:
2112:
2049:
1965:
1751:
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became the preferred killing method in extermination camps after gassing experiments were conducted on Russian POWs in late August 1941.
883:
was established to hold those members of the Polish intelligentsia not killed in the purges. Around 400,000 Poles were expelled from the
862:
391:
30:
This article is about the state-sponsored genocide of European Jews during World War II. For all peoples persecuted during this era, see
8131:(2024). "The Long Term and the Short Term: Antisemitism and the Holocaust". In Weitzman, Mark; Williams, Robert J.; Wald, James (eds.).
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was dropped as redundant and Holocaust, now capitalized, became the default term for the destruction of European Jews. The Hebrew word
18492:
8132:
2475:
Most Holocaust perpetrators were never put on trial for their crimes. During and after World War II, many European countries launched
1977:, non-Germans "not under German command" caused 5 to 6 percent of the Jewish deaths, and their involvement was crucial in other ways.
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regardless of means to attempt to emigrate, the regime passed anti-Jewish laws, encouraged harassment, and orchestrated a nationwide
11410:
1910:
in September 1943, there were no serious attempt to deport Italian Jews, and Italy refused to allow the deportation of Jews in many
1118:
745:
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24410:
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14376:
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12261:
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10855:
Burzlaff, Jan (2020). "Confronting the Communal Grave: a Reassessment of Social Relations During the Holocaust in Eastern Europe".
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1911:
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and first used in November 1941; victims were forced into the van and killed with engine exhaust. The first extermination camp was
8209:
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and the elderly faced even lower survival rates than adults. It is considered to be the single largest genocide in human history.
2215:
After German military defeats in 1943, it became increasingly evident that Germany would lose the war. In early 1943, 45,000 Jews
736:. Jews were defined as those with three or four Jewish grandparents; many of those with partial Jewish descent were classified as
25719:
25516:
25168:
24546:
24046:
23958:
23894:
22418:
22016:
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18073:
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13831:
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12130:
11858:
11253:
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8532:
8469:
8324:
8214:
7624:
2594:
2568:
2418:
2141:
1711:
1343:
915:
374:", has become the most common word used to describe the Nazi extermination of Jews in English and many other languages. The term
345:
240:
224:
91:
16514:
15401:
8474:
2506:
later investigated 100,000 people and tried more than 6,000 defendants, mainly low-level perpetrators. The high-level organizer
2011:
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23245:
22754:
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19857:
19735:
18568:
16126:
14969:
14186:
13836:
13795:
13739:
11434:
2648:
The Holocaust is the most well-known genocide in history, and is considered to be the single most infamous case of genocide in
2621:
in some countries; while denials of the Holocaust have been promoted by various Middle Eastern governments, figures and media.
2232:
956:
23293:
2637:. In contrast to Europe, in the United States the memory of the Holocaust tends to be more abstract and universalized. During
2216:
995:
26518:
26423:
25950:
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25571:
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10624:
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10507:
10488:
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10294:
10259:
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10210:
10184:
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10012:
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9863:
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9703:
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9651:
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9386:
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8112:
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5676:
2410:, the murder of some 43,000 Jews, the single largest massacre of Jews by German forces, occurring from 3 to 4 November 1943.
1307:
387:
263:. Separate Nazi persecutions killed a similar or larger number of non-Jewish civilians and prisoners of war (POWs); the term
23542:
2593:, in which its advocates argue promotes citizenship while reducing prejudice generally, became widespread at the same time.
2275:
2199:
1298:
and ban emigration. Between mid-October and the end of 1941, 42,000 Jews from Germany and its annexed territories and 5,000
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26044:
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24669:
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260:
95:
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over the course of nine hours, in what was the largest number ever killed in a death camp on a single day. It was part of
1172:
The systematic murder of Jews began in the Soviet Union in 1941. During the invasion, many Jews were conscripted into the
27274:
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26666:
26130:
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25448:
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19561:
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followed the army to eliminate any possible resistance. Around 50,000 Polish and Polish Jewish leaders and intellectuals
688:
85:
18523:
10706:
Spoerer, Mark (2020). "The Nazi War Economy, the Forced Labor System, and the Murder of Jewish and Non-Jewish Workers".
1294:. At the beginning of September, all German Jews were required to wear a yellow star, and in October, Hitler decided to
1234:
Original Nazi propaganda caption: "Too bad even for a bullet... The Jews shown here were shot at once." 28 June 1941 in
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As well as the six million Jews who were murdered, more than ten million other non-combatants were killed by the Nazis.
7283:
2771:, pp. 26–27, "Rather than one big thing, the Holocaust might now be described as an array of event categories. In
2580:
asserted that "the Holocaust has gradually supplanted genocide as modernity's icon of evil", while political scientist
2293:
1230:
920:
19463:
2124:—an estimated 20,000 to 25,000 across the Soviet Union. An additional 10,000 to 13,000 Jewish non-combatants lived in
1788:
were only undertaken when the inhabitants began to believe that their death was certain. In 1943, larger uprisings in
26991:
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1906:. Romania and Hungary did not send any Jews, which were the largest surviving populations after 1942. Prior to the
1899:
1851:
932:
782:
578:
56:
27223:
24764:
777:(Night of Broken Glass), a nationwide pogrom. Over 7,500 Jewish shops (out of 9,000) were looted, more than 1,000
767:
and as many as a third of Jewish businesses may have been forced to close. Anti-Jewish violence was even worse in
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Messenger, David A. (2020). "The Geopolitics of Neutrality: Diplomacy, Refuge, and Rescue during the Holocaust".
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1854:. Only 25 percent of the Jews in France were killed; most of them were either non-citizens or recent immigrants.
477:
283:
24934:
24502:
19257:
17584:
10426:(2007). "Introduction: A History Without Boundaries: the Robbery and Restitution of Jewish Property in Europe".
9614:
Searching for Justice After the Holocaust: Fulfilling the Terezin Declaration and Immovable Property Restitution
2044:
1108:, as well as the Jewish ghettos, endured human-made famine, during which millions of people died of starvation.
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Kansteiner, Wulf (2017). "Transnational Holocaust Memory, Digital Culture and the End of Reception Studies".
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10979:
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7166:
2727:, p. 291, "the established understanding of the Holocaust today as the genocide of six million Jews";
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2476:
2006:
1883:
1606:
1480:
1291:
880:
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600:
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and sought to purge it of racially foreign and socially deficient elements. The Nazi Party and its leader,
423:
318:
303:
244:
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may have been shot by the German invaders; there was also a great deal of looting. Special units known as
27138:
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11315:
11149:
11015:
10881:
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deemed "unfit for work" began to be sent in groups to Auschwitz where they were murdered. In early 1942,
1425:
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21602:
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11607:
344:
have been paid, although falling short of the Jews' losses. The Holocaust has also been commemorated in
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10801:(2020). "Old Nazis, Ordinary Men, and New Killers: Synthetic and Divergent Histories of Perpetrators".
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continues to be popular among the broader public after being largely rejected by historians. Scholar
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1903:
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1634:
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907:
524:
402:("catastrophic destruction") exclusively refers to Jewish victims. The perpetrators used the phrase "
248:
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10764:
1317:
After the expansion of killings to target the entire Soviet Jewish population, the 3,000 men of the
352:. It has become central to Western historical consciousness as a symbol of the ultimate human evil.
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in restitution and compensation to Holocaust survivors and heirs. In 1952, West Germany negotiated
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1969:
1887:
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10658:"Recognition, Justice, and Memory: Swedish-Jewish Reactions to the Holocaust and the Major Trials"
7246:
2146:
The Nazi leaders knew that their actions would bring international condemnation. On 26 June 1942,
1993:
were able to successfully lay claim to Jewish property. In the decades after the war, Swiss banks
231:, around two-thirds of Europe's Jewish population. The murders were carried out primarily through
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The Origins of the Final Solution: The Evolution of Nazi Jewish Policy, September 1939–March 1942
9695:
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1907:
1894:), and later deported several thousand Jews in 1942 and 1943. Bulgaria deported 11,000 Jews from
1847:
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975:
672:
547:
394:. All of these groups, however, were targeted for different reasons. By the 1970s, the adjective
19391:
18972:
14844:
14717:
11664:
10573:(2023). "A Common History of Violence?: The Pogroms of Summer 1941 in Comparative Perspective".
2043:
Beginning in 1938—especially in Germany and its annexed territories—many Jews were drafted into
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carried out the action. In addition to local non-Jewish collaborators, the Jewish councils and
1424:
with Himmler's approval; it began operations in December 1941 using gas vans. In October 1941,
1360:
1180:, 1.6 million were Jews. Local inhabitants killed as many as 50,000 Jews in pogroms in Latvia,
911:
812:
of nearly 1 billion RM, mostly from Jews. The policy of forced emigration continued into 1940.
504:
469:
441:
361:
337:
228:
116:
42:
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728:. After hounding the German Jews out of public life by the end of 1934, the regime passed the
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where many died from starvation, abuse, exhaustion, or being used as test subjects in deadly
99:
17:
24690:
19137:
19105:
10975:"Gender and Selection During the Holocaust: Transports of Western European Jews to the East"
10281:(2010). "The Holocaust – a Global Memory? Extensions and Limits of a New Memory Community".
9714:
2543:
3 billion (around $ 714 million) to Israel and DM 450 million (around $ 107 million) to the
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described it as the "singularly most monstrous crime committed in the history of mankind".
2499:
2220:
1735:
1449:
1371:, "The world war is here; the annihilation of the Jews must be the necessary consequence."
1368:
1192:
1081:
1073:
566:
528:
21356:
21351:
19398:
15107:
15006:
12371:
5694:"The victims of unethical human experiments and coerced research under National Socialism"
1274:
Victims of mass shootings included Jews deported from elsewhere. Besides Germany, Romania
655:, and those perceived as workshy—through a variety of measures, including imprisonment in
585:, were also obsessed with reversing Germany's territorial losses and acquiring additional
8:
27021:
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12592:
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11933:
10377:(2020). "A Sustained Civilian Struggle: Rethinking Jewish Responses to the Nazi Regime".
10176:
9643:
9241:"Jews and the Racial State: Legacies of the Holocaust in Apartheid South Africa, 1945–60"
7180:
2821:
2602:
2590:
2480:
2204:
2179:
1990:
1870:
The German government sought the deportation of Jews from allied countries. The first to
1830:
1686:
1347:
1165:
1111:
By mid-June 1941, about 30,000 Jews had died, 20,000 of whom had starved to death in the
1004:
888:
837:
805:
497:
453:
449:
333:
21123:
19073:
15966:
11728:
11718:
10911:
Témoigner. Entre histoire et mémoire. Revue pluridisciplinaire de la Fondation Auschwitz
10876:
9946:
Mordecai Would Not Bow Down: Anti-Semitism, the Holocaust, and Christian Supersessionism
8368:
1264:
1138:
were systematically executed. About a million civilians were killed by the Nazis during
1046:
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26772:
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635:
295:
236:
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that increased economic conflicts between Jews and non-Jews. Some scientists began to
27005:
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9587:
Genocide, the Holocaust and Israel-Palestine: First-Person History in Times of Crisis
9567:
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9410:
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9287:
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103:
31:
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15958:
15521:
10946:"Whose Feelings Matter? Holocaust Memory, Empathy, and Redemptive Anti-Antisemitism"
9832:
Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the United States: Decisions and Annotations
9409:(1st ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 18–19, 34, 204, 396, 452, 480.
5709:
2903:
2888:
2251:
The largest murder action after 1942 was that against the Hungarian Jews. After the
313:
Later in 1941 or early 1942, the highest levels of the German government decided to
26924:
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26276:
26179:
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10879:(2012). "Governments-in-exile and the Jews during and after the Second World War".
10864:
10820:
10730:
10669:
10570:
10521:
10396:
10166:
10136:
10081:
The Holocaust and History: The Known, the Unknown, the Disputed, and the Reexamined
9311:
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8372:
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1374:
It took the Nazis several months after this to organize a continent-wide genocide.
1311:
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144:
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13770:
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10992:
10964:
10945:
10906:
10172:
The Trajectory of Holocaust Memory: The Crisis of Testimony in Theory and Practice
8877:
8861:
5692:
Weindling, Paul; von Villiez, Anna; Loewenau, Aleksandra; Farron, Nichola (2016).
1420:
in the Wartheland, established on the initiative of the local civil administrator
1412:
developed from those used to kill mental patients since 1939 were assigned to the
414:
26947:
26659:
26574:
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16330:
16014:
15982:
15409:
15296:
15145:
14914:
14839:
14772:
14737:
14617:
14512:
14450:
13985:
13251:
13004:
12624:
12464:
12457:
12274:
12177:
12035:
12015:
11928:
11764:
10727:
Ideologies of Race: The Construction and Suppression of Otherness in Nazi Germany
10673:
10170:
10054:
9996:
9944:
9919:
9830:
9802:
9742:
9609:
9585:
9557:
9553:
9256:
7082:
5451:
2679:
The Jewish population still remains below pre-Holocaust levels. According to the
2125:
1826:
1611:
1583:
1555:
1429:
1160:
1135:
1097:
1023:
1015:
989:
985:
801:
733:
692:
664:
532:
473:
419:
27059:
15306:
14527:
13943:
9518:
865:. During the five weeks of fighting, as many as 16,000 civilians, hostages, and
26954:
26490:
26416:
24461:
24320:
23452:
23341:
23329:
23142:
22921:
22894:
22749:
22403:
22272:
21914:
21786:
21662:
21607:
21597:
21553:
21462:
21442:
21231:
21208:
21101:
20999:
20984:
20943:
20841:
20657:
20615:
20317:
19785:
19612:
19456:
19427:
19315:
19208:
19097:
19081:
18681:
18307:
17975:
17874:
17825:
17655:
17631:
17604:
17053:
16662:
16627:
16314:
16306:
16282:
15867:
15714:
15706:
15311:
14979:
14818:
14803:
14798:
14793:
14762:
14662:
14637:
14542:
14444:
14234:
14112:
14015:
13980:
13867:
13383:
13193:
13161:
13126:
13047:
12537:
12432:
12331:
12302:
11994:
11958:
11913:
11623:
11530:
10657:
10520:(2023). "Can – or Should – There Be a Political Science of the Holocaust?". In
10500:
The Twentieth Century in European Memory: Transcultural Mediation and Reception
10431:
10352:
10278:
9770:
9687:
8496:
2597:
is commemorated each year on 27 January, while some other countries have set a
2552:
2511:
2507:
2414:
1764:
1421:
1123:
892:
871:
729:
647:
was set up. The Nazi regime cracked down on crime and social outsiders—such as
634:, by campaigning on issues such as anticommunism and economic recovery. Hitler
445:
403:
314:
27121:
21452:
21420:
19484:
11918:
11738:
10868:
10734:
10140:
9844:
9407:
The Problems of Genocide: Permanent Security and the Language of Transgression
8965:
The Problems of Genocide: Permanent Security and the Language of Transgression
2824:
from other forced-labor camps and from the single-purpose extermination camps.
2314:
Holocaust deaths as an approximate percentage of the 1939 Jewish population:
1268:
1060:
Rape and sexual exploitation of Jewish and non-Jewish women in eastern Europe
691:(1939) also increased the Nazis' popular support. Germans were inundated with
630:, the Nazi Party rapidly increased its support, reaching a high of 37 percent
27253:
26765:
24683:
24371:
23632:
23618:
23157:
23137:
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22565:
22212:
22177:
22089:
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21537:
21472:
21457:
21344:
21335:
21224:
21173:
21163:
21091:
20955:
20851:
19771:
19470:
19369:
19244:
19180:
19041:
18872:
17782:
17776:
17770:
17764:
17758:
17746:
17494:
17453:
17447:
17085:
16949:
16941:
16909:
16475:
15261:
15241:
15130:
15046:
14882:
14788:
14757:
14642:
14532:
14517:
14317:
14279:
13933:
13131:
12978:
12427:
12356:
12247:
12115:
11945:
11902:
11748:
11733:
10928:
10907:"Aktion Reinhardt – Sources, Research and Commemoration in the last 30 years"
10772:
10615:
Miron, Guy (2020). "Ghettos and Ghettoization – History and Historiography".
9402:
9045:
8960:
8384:
8351:"Quantifying the Holocaust: Hyperintense kill rates during the Nazi genocide"
8301:
8094:
7131:
Israel and the Daughters of the Shoah: Reoccupying the Territories of Silence
5717:
2586:
2577:
2540:
2441:
2280:
1941:
1802:
1208:
1042:
1000:
896:
841:
773:
755:
725:
156:
152:
52:
21517:
19173:
14677:
14049:
13960:
12930:
10135:. Vol. 2: Milgram's Obedience Experiments and the Holocaust. Springer.
8098:
569:, whom they identified as "the embodiment of everything that was wrong with
542:
27064:
26868:
25161:
25066:
24697:
24060:
23824:
22953:
22928:
22732:
22577:
21796:
21622:
21577:
21527:
21507:
21492:
21447:
21378:
21303:
21147:
21030:
20971:
20916:
20904:
20785:
20158:
18369:
17990:
17720:
17661:
17465:
17418:
17061:
16595:
16505:
15256:
15064:
15041:
14934:
14808:
14747:
14722:
14702:
14657:
14597:
14347:
14323:
14299:
14293:
14045:
13877:
13872:
13748:
13420:
13366:
13230:
13042:
12942:
12893:
12750:
12696:
12639:
11789:
11774:
11769:
11743:
11696:
11628:
11590:
11340:
10919:
10637:(2020). "War Crimes Trials, the Holocaust, and Historiography, 1943–2011".
10423:
9661:
9307:
8988:
8402:
8376:
8128:
7091:
5735:
2630:
2581:
2548:
2503:
2208:
1986:
1982:
1915:
1822:
1727:
1723:
1707:
1484:
1339:
1322:
1303:
1256:
1252:
1216:
1092:. A quick victory was expected and was planned to be followed by a massive
1038:
724:. In 1933, Jews were banned or restricted from several professions and the
611:
592:
582:
299:
216:
212:
184:
120:
77:
15608:
8146:
2260:
1945:
781:
were damaged or destroyed, at least 90 Jews were murdered, and as many as
26703:
26689:
26351:
25020:
24841:
24826:
24180:
23221:
23037:
22657:
22624:
22202:
22182:
21962:
21477:
21323:
21293:
21137:
21010:
19201:
18840:
16973:
16685:
16678:
16290:
15417:
14667:
14622:
14602:
14537:
14335:
13283:
13089:
13084:
13052:
12645:
12162:
11779:
11633:
10304:
9968:
9581:
9478:
7203:
The War That Hitler Won: The Most Infamous Propaganda Campaign in History
6288:
2668:
2395:
2030:
1961:
1716:
1648:
1620:
1592:
1564:
1437:
1260:
1223:
in August and September and in October and November reached their height
1101:
817:
790:
716:
640:
516:
437:
192:
148:
10355:(2020). "Survivors of the Holocaust within the Nazi Universe of Camps".
10329:(2020). "All the Other Neighbors: Communal Genocide in Eastern Europe".
10108:
Hi Hitler! How the Nazi Past is Being Normalized in Contemporary Culture
8309:
8285:
7165:(in Polish). Vol. 22, no. 2707. pp. 70–72. Archived from
1818:
1739:
laborers had to clean it up and collect any valuables from the victims.
26058:
25811:
25790:
24676:
24009:
23937:
23092:
23087:
22553:
22207:
22197:
22134:
21467:
21217:
21180:
21106:
20994:
20834:
19194:
19187:
19113:
18757:
18349:
17902:
17752:
17509:
17435:
16981:
16560:
16521:
16102:
15998:
15577:
15125:
14552:
14522:
13965:
13955:
13806:
13475:
13361:
13278:
13009:
12948:
12634:
12469:
12242:
12020:
10662:
Early Holocaust Memory in Sweden: Archives, Testimonies and Reflections
10401:
The Jews, the Holocaust, and the Public: The Legacies of David Cesarani
9752:
9640:
The Holocaust in Eastern Europe: At the Epicenter of the Final Solution
8104:
5479:
2585:
Holocaust probably ranks as the very worst". Renowned German historian
2310:
2162:, documenting the killing of 700,000 Jews in Poland. In December 1942,
1944:
guards and female staff auxiliaries enjoying themselves on vacation in
1529:
1019:
1011:
884:
738:
587:
558:
279:
164:
160:
16298:
9381:(1st ed.). Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. pp. 7–10.
9240:
8528:"Documenting numbers of victims of the Holocaust and Nazi persecution"
6284:"Mohamed Mesli : « Mon père, l'imam sauveur de juifs »"
2100:
Gerlach estimates that 200,000 Jews survived in hiding across Europe.
2063:
1960:
Non-German perpetrators and collaborators included Dutch, French, and
26321:
25726:
25523:
25334:
25125:
25080:
23568:
23281:
22717:
22652:
22157:
21647:
21328:
20964:
20760:
18142:
18046:
17504:
16539:
16528:
16006:
15665:
14752:
14287:
13949:
13398:
13273:
13268:
13156:
12474:
12280:
9808:
9563:
9519:"World Jewish population nears pre-Holocaust numbers at 15.2 million"
8286:"The Genocidal Universe: A Framework for Understanding the Holocaust"
8138:
2663:
is massive, encompassing thousands of books. The tendency to see the
2638:
2036:
1797:
1698:
1441:
1326:
963:
849:
778:
764:
570:
24601:
17515:
Reich Central Office for the Combating of Homosexuality and Abortion
13763:
12135:
10428:
Robbery and Restitution: The Conflict over Jewish Property in Europe
9825:
6424:
3723:
1779:, and southwestern Belarus. Deportations and mass executions in the
503:
The turn of the twentieth century saw a major effort to establish a
24585:
24313:
23779:
23305:
23042:
22687:
21318:
21283:
21025:
19540:
18912:
18411:
18302:
18162:
17330:
17306:
Defense for Children International – Palestine et al v. Biden et al
16602:
16581:
16553:
16498:
15363:
15236:
13372:
13288:
13141:
13100:
12000:
11800:
10575:
Politics, Violence, Memory: The New Social Science of the Holocaust
10526:
Politics, Violence, Memory: The New Social Science of the Holocaust
7161:
6286:[Mohamed Mesli: "My father, the imam who saved the Jews"].
5474:
The Origins of Nazi Genocide, From Euthanasia to the Final Solution
3738:
1904:
declined to allow the deportation of Jews from its prewar territory
1772:
1652:
1537:
1453:
1409:
1173:
1052:
204:
140:
9286:(1st ed.). Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 9, 138, 161, 230.
6698:
6186:
6126:
6114:
5691:
5491:
2128:
in Eastern European forests, of which the most well known was the
1436:—the first purpose-built extermination camp to feature stationary
22647:
20769:
18157:
18152:
17794:
17499:
6388:
5912:
5910:
4805:
4765:
2016:
1776:
1719:
were murdered in the largest killing operation of the Holocaust.
1694:
461:
457:
11000:
9208:
9054:(1st ed.). New York: Columbia University Press. p. 2.
8542:
give a total of 17 million (including more than 5 million Jews).
8253:
6472:
5520:
5518:
2803:
Equivalent to $ 400 million at the time, or $ 7 billion in 2023.
1010:
Germany gained control of 1.7 million Jews in Poland. The Nazis
25202:
23793:
23102:
22025:
21189:
21045:
20742:
19512:
18415:
18259:
18167:
18147:
16669:
14359:
14035:
14025:
13841:
13717:
13393:
13349:
13171:
13106:
12745:
12665:
12510:
9499:
7656:
7644:
7480:
6638:
4247:
1690:
1495:
meant that these camps were shut down earlier than envisioned.
1465:
750:
562:
291:
275:
20591:
10283:
Memory in a Global Age: Discourses, Practices and Trajectories
10028:
The Bombing of Auschwitz: Should the Allies have attempted it?
9181:
8967:(1st ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 481–482.
8782:
7668:
7620:"American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee and Refugee Aid"
7540:
7083:
Nanda Herbermann; Hester Baer; Elizabeth Roberts Baer (2000).
6896:
6539:
6400:
6328:
6304:
5907:
5880:
5878:
5876:
4692:
4690:
4372:
1862:
saved hundreds of Jews by hiding them in the basements of the
1098:
remove 31 million people and replace them with German settlers
27097:
25390:
23354:
22662:
21791:
16234:
15892:
11875:
9198:
9196:
8929:
7944:
7875:
7779:
7731:
7588:
6505:
6503:
6501:
6499:
6364:
6162:
6042:
5515:
5418:
5145:
5109:
4516:
3705:
3303:
3301:
3262:
2864:
1072:
Germany and its allies Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, and Italy
785:, although many were released within weeks. German Jews were
298:
in September 1939, occupation authorities began to establish
22833:
19162:
8719:
8073:(3rd ed.). I.B. Tauris. pp. 3, 124, 126, 265–266.
7922:
7920:
7892:
7890:
7815:
7685:
7683:
6352:
6005:
6003:
5897:
5895:
5893:
5530:
5466:
5464:
4741:
4348:
4174:
4172:
3838:
3657:
2483:
in 1948, but it was not used in Holocaust trials due to the
2255:
in 1944, the Hungarian government cooperated closely in the
1271:
lasted into 1943 because they became centers of production.
480:
emerged in the eighteenth and nineteenth century due to the
18419:
15332:
14020:
9145:
8917:
8743:
8731:
8611:
8584:
8265:
8241:
7309:
7064:
7040:
6833:
6821:
6809:
6773:
6239:
6090:
5873:
5863:
5861:
5859:
5857:
5855:
5853:
5851:
5849:
5554:
5542:
5503:
5181:
4957:
4793:
4687:
4675:
4624:
4540:
4528:
4432:
4196:
3645:
3546:
2876:
1321:
proved insufficient and Himmler mobilized 21 battalions of
37:"Holocaust" and "Shoah" redirect here. For other uses, see
13709:
10399:(2019). "The Decision to Exterminate the Jews of Europe".
9263:
9193:
8755:
8601:
8599:
8050:
8048:
8035:
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8031:
7446:
7444:
7299:
7297:
7295:
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6848:
6751:
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6563:
6496:
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5845:
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5841:
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4159:
4157:
4155:
3814:
3536:
3534:
3417:
3366:
3298:
3235:
2854:
2852:
695:
both against Jews and other groups targeted by the Nazis.
21994:
20711:
18947:
17171:
International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
9447:
9435:
9312:"The Holocaust in Comparative and Historical Perspective"
8821:
8572:
8560:
8180:
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4295:
4208:
4169:
4140:
4116:
4058:
4056:
3766:
3519:
3100:
3098:
1131:
Soviet prisoners of war in the custody of the German Army
9157:
9133:
9109:
9075:
9073:
9071:
8772:
8770:
8695:
8683:
8647:
8550:
8548:
8325:"The Origins of International Holocaust Remembrance Day"
7516:
6992:
6908:
6628:
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5435:
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3857:
3855:
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3609:
3597:
3563:
3561:
3470:
3468:
3407:
3405:
3356:
3354:
3352:
2999:
2987:
2633:. Participation in this memory is required of countries
2611:
works of culture such as novels, poems, films, and plays
2402:
On 3 November 1943, around 18,400 Jews were murdered at
1333:
734:
sexual relationships between Jews and non-Jewish Germans
14442:
9459:
9220:
9169:
9121:
9097:
9085:
9051:
The Holocaust: A German Historian Examines the Genocide
8941:
8707:
8671:
8659:
8635:
8623:
8596:
8409:
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8190:
8045:
8028:
8016:
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7803:
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7707:
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7052:
7028:
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6150:
6027:
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5778:
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4998:
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4152:
4041:
3981:
3957:
3693:
3573:
3531:
3492:
3223:
3199:
2963:
2849:
2207:, annexed by Hungary in 1938, on the selection ramp at
1670:
671:
through economic growth, which partly occurred through
267:
is sometimes used to refer to the persecution of these
24455:
Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany
23507:
Antireligious campaigns of the Chinese Communist Party
12393:
10547:
Kochavi, Arieh J. (2010). "Liberation and Dispersal".
10001:
Holocaust: The Nazi Persecution and Murder of the Jews
9666:
War & Genocide: A Concise History of the Holocaust
8905:
8175:
7907:
7905:
7695:
6686:
6210:
5954:
5952:
5922:
5571:
5569:
5456:
Holocaust, the Nazi Persecution and Murder of the Jews
5391:
5364:
5318:
5316:
5314:
5312:
5256:
5220:
5193:
5121:
5010:
4969:
4892:
4841:
4665:
4663:
4588:
4564:
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4384:
4053:
3993:
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3507:
3441:
3337:
3325:
3252:
3250:
3175:
3163:
3151:
3139:
3129:
3127:
3125:
3095:
3059:
3047:
3023:
3011:
1920:
North African Jews living under French or Italian rule
1914:. Nazi Germany did not attempt the destruction of the
1290:
and foreign Jews in 1941, who were shortly thereafter
23435:
Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia
23288:
Persecution of Muslims during the Ottoman contraction
18410:
17282:
International Criminal Court investigation in Ukraine
15821:
Persecution of Muslims during the Ottoman contraction
9974:
Empire of Destruction: A History of Nazi Mass Killing
9068:
8893:
8849:
8767:
8545:
8445:
8433:
7827:
7791:
7576:
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7528:
7456:
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4271:
4259:
4235:
4220:
4128:
4092:
4068:
4017:
3942:
3867:
3850:
3826:
3802:
3790:
3778:
3754:
3669:
3633:
3621:
3585:
3558:
3480:
3465:
3402:
3349:
3083:
2951:
2939:
2915:
2477:
widespread purges of real and perceived collaborators
1126:, a Belarusian Jew who helped Soviet prisoners escape
17250:
International Criminal Court investigation in Darfur
9721:
The Names of Extermination: Definitions of a Tragedy
8004:
7956:
7235:
Backing Hitler: Consent and Coercion in Nazi Germany
6980:
6944:
6884:
6376:
5049:
4504:
3930:
2837:
2626:
there are lessons or some kind of redemptive meaning
2227:, to Auschwitz, where nearly all were killed. After
1890:
the majority of its Jewish population (along with a
891:
occupation zone from 1939 to 1941, and the area was
857:
on 1 September 1939, triggering declarations of war
448:. In the nineteenth century many European countries
9716:
I Nomi dello sterminio: Definizioni di una tragedia
9423:
8465:"Aktion "Erntefest" (Operation "Harvest Festival")"
8421:
8163:
7980:
7968:
7902:
6054:
5949:
5814:
5790:
5754:
5566:
5309:
4729:
4660:
4636:
4612:
4080:
3969:
3882:
3504:
3453:
3429:
3390:
3378:
3313:
3286:
3274:
3247:
3211:
3187:
3122:
3110:
3071:
3035:
2975:
2158:and other resistance groups and transmitted by the
1278:. Romania deported about 154,000–170,000 Jews from
19146:Anti-Jewish violence in Czechoslovakia (1918–1920)
9379:The Holocaust and Other Genocides: An Introduction
9377:Boender, Barbara; ten Have, Wichert, eds. (2012).
8991:(2022). Graziosi, Andrea; Sysyn, Frank E. (eds.).
7155:Ostrowska, Joanna; Zaremba, Marcin (30 May 2009).
5664:
4104:
2927:
1464:. As many as 150 people were forced into a single
1387:the same number surviving by the end of the year.
22713:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States
6484:
4029:
4005:
2559:
2087:A bunker where Jews attempted to hide during the
1925:
1545:8 December 1941 – April 1943 and April–July 1944
1325:to assist them. In addition, Wehrmacht soldiers,
969:
919:Germany invaded much of western Europe including
916:deported hundreds of thousands of Polish citizens
836:Danzigers rallying for Hitler, shortly after the
498:Jews were a separate racial group alien to Europe
436:for more than two thousand years. Throughout the
336:emigrated outside of Europe after the war. A few
27251:
17139:International Military Tribunal for the Far East
16885:
13446:Bay Area Holocaust Oral History Project (BAHOHP)
10475:Hayes, Peter (2010). "Plunder and Restitution".
10021:
9612:; Boyd, Kathryn Lee; Nelson, Kristen L. (2019).
8997:. McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 240.
7674:
7662:
7650:
7154:
1164:At least 3,000 Jews were killed during the 1941
16079:German atrocities committed against Soviet POWs
12999:The Secret Relationship Between Blacks and Jews
12168:Civilians targeted during anti-partisan warfare
10660:. In Heuman, Johannes; Rudberg, Pontus (eds.).
9376:
7196:
7194:
2665:Holocaust as a unique or incomprehensible event
2270:
2067:, to serve as sex slaves of German soldiers in
1176:. Out of 10 or 15 million Soviet civilians who
1067:
711:Anti-Jewish legislation in pre-war Nazi Germany
23186:Decline of Buddhism in the Indian subcontinent
23180:Persecution of pagans in the late Roman Empire
21757:National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands
20490:Overland Park Jewish Community Center shooting
9776:Final Solution: The Fate of the Jews 1933–1949
9608:
9024:(3rd ed.). I.B. Tauris. pp. 3, 287.
8883:
8867:
8839:
8499:(2014). "Epilogue - "I will tell the world"".
8495:
8290:European Judaism: A Journal for the New Europe
8103:(in German) (10th ed.). Munich, Germany:
7183:[Special treatment is done by train].
2166:, then known as the United Nations, adopted a
2019:, Belarus, forced to clean a street, July 1941
1808:
552:Jew stabbing a German Army soldier in the back
340:faced criminal trials. Billions of dollars in
23809:
23367:Persecution of Christians in the Eastern Bloc
23174:Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire
22819:
22010:
20727:
18460:
18396:
17810:
17346:
16372:Massacres of Hutus during the First Congo War
15348:
14428:
13733:
12681:
12528:Nazis and Nazi Collaborators (Punishment) Law
11016:
10311:. Oxford University Press. pp. 190–216.
10248:KL: A History of the Nazi Concentration Camps
10073:
10048:
8994:Genocide: The Power and Problems of a Concept
2912:, pp. 70–100, 78–79, 86–87, 94–95, xxix.
2882:
2870:
2788:
2756:
2435:
1448:, Jews in forced-labor camps operated by the
820:in response to a Polish law that enabled the
771:. On 9–10 November 1938, the Nazis organized
406:" as a euphemism for their genocide of Jews.
23489:Violence against Hindus in independent India
21938:
21929:
21776:National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark
21418:
21409:
21398:
21342:
21333:
21215:
21206:
21187:
21178:
21152:
21121:
20962:
20953:
20914:
20890:
20849:
20839:
20825:
20776:
20767:
20758:
17415:("Circle of Friends of the Reichsführer-SS")
13456:Middle East Media Research Institute (MEMRI)
10421:
8788:
8761:
7191:
3734:
3732:
2176:American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee
2028:
1872:hand over its Jewish population was Slovakia
1440:using carbon monoxide based on the previous
1338:Most historians agree that Hitler issued an
1193:killed tens of thousands of Jews from Odessa
1050:
573:". The Nazis defined the German nation as a
23701:Attacks by Islamic extremists in Bangladesh
23216:Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent
17258:International Crimes Tribunal of Bangladesh
16998:Post–World War II Romanian war crime trials
12227:List of major perpetrators of the Holocaust
10359:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 263–277.
9804:The Holocaust: The Third Reich and the Jews
9021:The Nazi Holocaust: Its History and Meaning
8070:The Nazi Holocaust: Its History and Meaning
7076:
2799:
2797:
667:for real or supposed hereditary illnesses.
307:
302:to segregate Jews. Following the June 1941
23816:
23802:
22826:
22812:
22017:
22003:
20734:
20720:
18665:Persecution of Jews during the Black Death
18403:
18389:
17817:
17803:
17353:
17339:
17205:International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
15355:
15341:
14435:
14421:
13740:
13726:
12967:Persecution of Jews during the Black Death
12688:
12674:
11023:
11009:
10901:
10797:
10497:
9362:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
9269:
9202:
9187:
7200:
6569:
6545:
6509:
5901:
4378:
2818:SS Main Economic and Administrative Office
2257:deportation of 437,000 Jews in eight weeks
2135:
511:and subsequent racial apartheid regime in
310:by German forces and local collaborators.
84:
23336:Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars
22683:Interminority racism in the United States
21746:German National Movement in Liechtenstein
17450:(Personal Administrative Officer to RFSS)
15828:Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars
10963:
10943:
10918:
10725:Stone, Dan (2020). "Ideologies of Race".
10655:
10595:
10448:
10242:
10102:
9995:
9485:. Cornell University Press. p. 135.
9465:
9453:
9281:
9163:
9139:
9115:
9091:
8935:
8392:
8283:
7998:
7950:
7926:
7896:
7881:
7857:
7785:
7737:
7725:
7689:
7606:
7411:
7247:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205609.001.0001
7229:
7181:"'Sonderbehandlung erfolgt durch Strang'"
7148:
6962:
6938:
6926:
6902:
6791:
6716:
6704:
6442:
6418:
6406:
6370:
6334:
6204:
6192:
6168:
6132:
6120:
6108:
6084:
6072:
6048:
6021:
6009:
5994:
5970:
5725:
5611:
5524:
5497:
5485:
5424:
5385:
5334:
5291:
5163:
5151:
5139:
5115:
5091:
4939:
4886:
4522:
4486:
4450:
4342:
4178:
4122:
3844:
3729:
3724:Foreign Claims Settlement Commission 1968
3711:
3687:
3552:
3540:
3498:
3423:
3372:
2921:
2744:
2724:
2382:The deadliest phase of the Holocaust was
2189:
1353:launched its first major counteroffensive
1145:
27:Genocide of European Jews by Nazi Germany
20402:
18485:Jewish revolt against Constantius Gallus
10854:
10825:The Oxford Handbook of Holocaust Studies
10819:
10777:The Oxford Handbook of Holocaust Studies
10569:
10549:The Oxford Handbook of Holocaust Studies
10477:The Oxford Handbook of Holocaust Studies
10454:The Oxford Handbook of Holocaust Studies
10452:; Roth, John K. (2010). "Introduction".
9921:How Was It Possible?: A Holocaust Reader
9769:
9737:
9712:
8725:
8701:
8689:
8653:
7570:
7522:
7486:
7423:
7339:
6680:
6644:
6521:
6281:
5536:
4823:
4811:
4402:
4354:
4047:
3987:
3699:
3663:
3651:
3579:
3486:
2909:
2858:
2794:
2736:
2563:
2462:
2309:
2274:
2198:
2082:
2022:
2010:
1935:
1812:
1741:
1680:
1400:
1357:Hitler declared war on the United States
1302:were deported to Łódź, Kovno, Riga, and
1241:
1229:
1159:
1117:
994:
979:
831:
827:
744:
610:
561:was founded in the wake of the war, and
541:
442:antisemitism based on Christian theology
413:
355:
23300:French Revolutionary dechristianisation
20687:Antisemitic riots in the North Caucasus
15700:Indigenous peoples in the United States
10875:
10705:
10633:
10546:
10303:
10277:
10128:
9942:
9872:
9855:Never Again: A History of the Holocaust
9851:
9686:
9580:
9552:
9238:
9226:
9214:
9175:
9151:
9127:
9103:
8947:
8923:
8911:
8749:
8737:
8713:
8677:
8665:
8641:
8629:
8617:
8605:
8590:
8554:
8533:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
8470:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
8415:
8271:
8259:
8247:
8235:
8215:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
8196:
8137:(1st ed.). Abingdon and New York:
8054:
8039:
8022:
7938:
7869:
7845:
7821:
7809:
7773:
7761:
7749:
7713:
7625:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
7594:
7510:
7498:
7450:
7435:
7399:
7387:
7375:
7351:
7315:
7303:
7263:
7122:
7070:
7058:
7046:
7034:
7022:
7010:
6878:
6866:
6854:
6839:
6827:
6815:
6779:
6755:
6740:
6728:
6692:
6656:
6617:
6605:
6593:
6581:
6557:
6533:
6478:
6466:
6454:
6430:
6394:
6358:
6322:
6310:
6269:
6257:
6245:
6221:
6180:
6156:
6096:
6036:
5943:
5931:
5916:
5884:
5867:
5808:
5784:
5772:
5748:
5650:
5638:
5587:
5560:
5509:
5400:
5373:
5346:
5303:
5279:
5267:
5199:
5187:
5127:
5103:
5079:
5067:
5043:
5031:
5019:
5004:
4992:
4980:
4963:
4951:
4898:
4850:
4835:
4799:
4787:
4747:
4711:
4696:
4681:
4654:
4630:
4606:
4594:
4570:
4546:
4534:
4498:
4474:
4438:
4414:
4390:
4202:
4163:
4062:
3951:
3912:
3876:
3861:
3832:
3820:
3808:
3796:
3784:
3772:
3760:
3675:
3639:
3627:
3615:
3603:
3591:
3567:
3525:
3474:
3447:
3411:
3360:
3331:
3307:
3181:
3169:
3157:
3145:
3089:
3065:
3053:
3017:
3005:
2993:
2957:
2945:
2900:, Introduction: What is the Holocaust?.
2843:
2784:
2752:
2728:
2720:
2699:
2595:International Holocaust Remembrance Day
2569:Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe
2424:
2419:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
2283:after the camp's liberation, April 1945
2142:International response to the Holocaust
1876:arrested and deported about 58,000 Jews
949:fully or partially annexed into Germany
663:400,000 people and subjected others to
606:
450:granted full citizenship rights to Jews
14:
27252:
25670:
25648:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union
23246:Forced conversions of Muslims in Spain
22755:Sociology of race and ethnic relations
17555:Persecution of Slavs in Eastern Europe
13710:More articles related to the Holocaust
9878:The Extermination of the European Jews
9660:
9477:
9332:
9306:
9017:
8987:
8329:The National WWII Museum | New Orleans
8322:
8184:
8066:
7701:
7128:
6282:De Bengy, Raphael (18 February 2015).
5662:
5548:
5226:
4023:
3229:
2969:
2681:Central Bureau of Statistics of Israel
2194:
1902:, who were murdered at Treblinka, but
1726:would cordon off the ghetto while the
1390:
808:, and South Africa. Germany collected
698:
490:categorize humans into different races
26519:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign
25951:Japanese invasion of French Indochina
25597:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union
25553:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union
24651:Rape during the occupation of Germany
23797:
23495:1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight
22807:
21998:
20715:
20354:Tel Aviv Central bus station massacre
18384:
17798:
17334:
17235:
17116:
16884:
16861:Mass killings under communist regimes
16386:
16149:
15844:
15505:
15385:
15336:
14922:8th SS Cavalry Division Florian Geyer
14416:
13721:
13708:
12669:
12392:
12213:
11844:
11335:
11334:
11004:
10972:
10771:
10724:
10614:
10474:
10395:
10373:
10325:
10309:The Oxford History of the Third Reich
10219:
10193:
10165:
9914:
9898:
9797:
9634:
9505:
9441:
9429:
9401:
9284:The Holocaust and Genocides in Europe
9079:
8959:
8899:
8855:
8827:
8776:
8578:
8566:
8451:
8439:
8348:
8323:Richie, Alexandra (27 January 2024).
8210:"Jewish Population of Europe in 1945"
8169:
8134:The Routledge History of Antisemitism
8010:
7833:
7797:
7582:
7558:
7546:
7534:
7474:
7462:
7363:
7327:
7269:
6767:
6668:
6632:
6382:
6346:
6275:
6233:
6144:
5982:
5667:The Crime and Punishment of IG Farben
5623:
5439:
5412:
5358:
5250:
5238:
5214:
5175:
5055:
4927:
4910:
4874:
4862:
4775:
4759:
4582:
4510:
4462:
4426:
4366:
4330:
4318:
4301:
4289:
4277:
4265:
4253:
4241:
4229:
4214:
4190:
4146:
4134:
4098:
3999:
3975:
3963:
3936:
3924:
3900:
3888:
3742:. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis
3513:
3459:
3435:
3396:
3384:
3343:
3319:
3292:
3280:
3268:
3256:
3241:
3217:
3205:
3193:
3133:
3116:
3104:
3077:
3041:
3029:
2981:
2933:
2897:
2776:
2748:
2740:
2732:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2661:scholarly literature on the Holocaust
1888:shot or killed in concentration camps
1334:Systematic deportations across Europe
1178:fled eastwards to the Soviet interior
599:, as well as the Western powers, and
370:, derived from a Greek word meaning "
27104:
25641:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union
24666:Rape during the liberation of France
22778:
21763:National Socialist Movement of Chile
20506:Hypercacher kosher supermarket siege
20096:Chez Jo Goldenberg restaurant attack
17961:Timeline of the Second Temple period
17360:
16810:Terminology of the Armenian genocide
11815:Reich Association of Jews in Germany
10516:
10351:
10222:The Holocaust: An Unfinished History
9827:Foreign Claims Settlement Commission
9044:
8127:
8093:
7962:
6998:
6986:
6974:
6950:
6914:
6890:
6803:
2768:
2078:
1685:Cumulative murders of Jews from the
1671:Liquidation of the ghettos in Poland
537:Germany had been stabbed in the back
23639:Ethnic cleansing in the Bosnian War
23589:Persecution of Hindus in Bangladesh
23501:Jewish exodus from the Muslim world
23294:Christianization of the Sámi people
22168:Discrimination based on nationality
20231:
19763:
19354:
17046:War crimes trials in Soviet Estonia
12985:The Protocols of the Elders of Zion
12620:Armenian genocide and the Holocaust
10847:
10056:The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust
9967:
9723:] (in Italian). Marietti 1820.
9713:Calimani, Anna Vera Sullam (2018).
8427:
7986:
7974:
7911:
7272:"Non-Germans" Under the Third Reich
6490:
6060:
5958:
5820:
5796:
5760:
5599:
5575:
5322:
4771:
4735:
4723:
4669:
4642:
4618:
4558:
4110:
4086:
4074:
4035:
4011:
2780:
2096:Rescue of Jews during the Holocaust
1752:Jewish resistance against the Nazis
494:life or death struggle between them
232:
24:
25867:German invasion of the Netherlands
24140:Weather events during World War II
21802:World Union of National Socialists
20924:Adolf Hitler's cult of personality
20828:Nationalsozialistische Monatshefte
17845:Jewish history in Israel/Palestine
17824:
17575:Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses
13466:Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC)
12214:
10664:. The Holocaust and its Contexts.
10132:Understanding Willing Participants
7159:[To the brothel, march!].
7133:. Berghahn Books. pp. 33–34.
2452:
2294:Western Allied invasion of Germany
2237:Most Danish Jews escaped to Sweden
1750:became significant as a symbol of
1701:from January 1942 to February 1943
999:A body lying in the street of the
947:. Some of these new holdings were
897:ethnic Germans from eastern Europe
595:threat. Hitler believed that Jews
440:in Europe, Jews were subjected to
25:
27336:
27270:Antisemitic attacks and incidents
26498:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan
23483:Violence against Muslims in India
23477:Persecution of Hindus in Pakistan
23423:Nazi boycott of Jewish businesses
21841:Last surviving war crime suspects
20498:Jewish Museum of Belgium shooting
20247:Sbarro restaurant suicide bombing
20240:Dolphinarium discotheque massacre
11030:
10666:Springer International Publishing
10405:Springer International Publishing
8807:United States Department of State
7201:Hertzstein, Robert Edwin (1978).
2624:Although many are convinced that
1966:foreign SS and police auxiliaries
1365:told leading Nazi party officials
1276:killed the largest number of Jews
1152:The Holocaust in the Soviet Union
818:Germany deported many Polish Jews
27232:
27215:
27198:
27181:
27164:
27147:
27130:
27113:
27058:
23823:
23778:
22787:
22777:
22768:
22767:
21981:
21980:
21831:Nazi Party leaders and officials
20474:Toulouse and Montauban shootings
20375:Maxim restaurant suicide bombing
20297:Matza restaurant suicide bombing
17749:(predecessor as Reichsführer-SS)
17432:(successor as Chief of the RSHA)
17236:
17117:
16387:
16150:
15845:
15506:
14395:
14394:
13747:
13020:White genocide conspiracy theory
12695:
12183:Polish leaders and intellectuals
11673:Concentration Camps Inspectorate
10270:
9511:
9471:
9395:
9370:
9342:. Frankfurt am Main. p. 3.
9326:
9300:
9275:
9232:
9038:
9011:
8981:
8953:
8794:
8520:
8501:The Holocaust: The Human Tragedy
8489:
8457:
8342:
8316:
8277:
8202:
8121:
8087:
8060:
7612:
7223:
7173:
5656:
5445:
2806:
1932:Responsibility for the Holocaust
910:on 17 September pursuant to the
789:that raised more than 1 billion
616:Territorial expansion of Germany
601:were plotting to destroy Germany
294:in November 1938. After Germany
23755:2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel
23725:Persecution of Uyghurs in China
22788:
21953:Political views of Adolf Hitler
20593:2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel
19692:Kremnička and Nemecká massacres
18493:Jewish revolt against Heraclius
18175:Talmudic academies in Babylonia
17933:Judah's revolts against Babylon
15659:Indigenous peoples in Australia
15386:
15317:Special Prosecution Book-Poland
13264:Institute for Historical Review
13184:General Order No. 11 (US, 1862)
12914:International Jewish conspiracy
12811:
9837:U.S. Government Printing Office
9483:Germany's War and the Holocaust
5710:10.1016/j.endeavour.2015.10.005
2492:International Military Tribunal
2469:International Military Tribunal
2394:. On the other hand, historian
2221:German-occupied northern Greece
2000:
951:while others were placed under
824:for Polish Jews living abroad.
798:force all Jews to leave Germany
783:30,000 Jewish men were arrested
478:international Jewish conspiracy
426:, destroyed in 1938 during the
26745:Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945
24448:Territorial changes of Germany
24356:Indonesian National Revolution
23743:2019 Sri Lanka Easter bombings
23713:Genocide of Christians by ISIL
23447:Communist Romanian persecution
22673:Go back to where you came from
21846:Speeches given by Adolf Hitler
20283:Yeshivat Beit Yisrael massacre
20112:Neve Shalom Synagogue massacre
19122:Tel Aviv and Jaffa deportation
17755:(successor as Reichsführer-SS)
17408:Personal Staff Reichsführer-SS
16575:Genocide of indigenous peoples
16174:Indigenous peoples in Paraguay
15475:Mongols in the Delhi Sultanate
15083:Burning of the Riga synagogues
12111:Attack on the twentieth convoy
11924:1941 pogroms in eastern Poland
10895:10.1080/17504902.2012.11087307
9692:The Final Solution: A Genocide
9540:
9523:The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com
8802:"The JUST Act Report: Germany"
2762:
2693:
2601:. It has been commemorated in
2560:Remembrance and historiography
2518:
2467:Defendants in the dock at the
2417:and at over 11 million by the
2263:to increase the production of
2102:Knowledge of German intentions
1926:Perpetrators and beneficiaries
1573:17 March 1942 – December 1942
1344:mass shootings of Serbian Jews
1215:), made several visits to the
970:Ghettoization and resettlement
796:The Nazi government wanted to
13:
1:
27285:History of the Jews in Europe
26145:Japanese invasion of Thailand
26096:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
25860:German invasion of Luxembourg
24234:Mediterranean and Middle East
23761:2024 Istanbul church shooting
23737:Christchurch mosque shootings
23525:Religious violence in Nigeria
23519:Exodus of Turks from Bulgaria
21787:Ossewabrandwag (South Africa)
20530:Pittsburgh synagogue shooting
20199:Mahane Yehuda Market bombings
17413:Freundeskreis Reichsführer-SS
17290:Ukraine v. Russian Federation
15594:Jews in the Cossack Hetmanate
13461:Simon Wiesenthal Center (SWC)
13189:Racial policy of Nazi Germany
13167:Beilis trial (Russian Empire)
13137:Pogroms in the Russian Empire
10993:10.1080/14623528.2020.1764743
10965:10.1080/14623528.2022.2160533
10059:. Columbia University Press.
9904:Why? Explaining the Holocaust
5671:. New York City: Free Press.
5488:, pp. 280, 293–294, 302.
3740:"Consumer Price Index, 1800–"
2831:
2299:
2156:Jewish Social-Democratic Bund
1664:February 1942 – October 1944
1168:, mainly by local Ukrainians.
769:areas annexed by Nazi Germany
753:after its destruction during
749:View of the old synagogue in
624:worldwide economic depression
482:rise of nationalism in Europe
446:blamed them for killing Jesus
409:
306:, 1.5 to 2 million Jews
223:systematically murdered some
26052:Invasion of the Soviet Union
25741:Occupation of Czechoslovakia
25052:Independent State of Croatia
23651:War crimes in the Kosovo War
23441:Communist Polish persecution
23312:1860 Mount Lebanon civil war
23240:Crusades against schismatics
21821:Bibliography of Adolf Hitler
21072:Aestheticization of politics
20482:Jerusalem synagogue massacre
20389:Haifa bus 37 suicide bombing
20167:Dizengoff Street bus bombing
18599:Massacres at London and York
18255:Expulsion of Jews from Spain
17585:Kommandostab Reichsführer-SS
17221:Croatia–Serbia genocide case
17022:Nuremberg Military Tribunals
16868:Anti-communist mass killings
15602:Indigenous peoples in Canada
15538:Indigenous peoples in Brazil
15362:
13441:Anti-Defamation League (ADL)
13147:1968 Polish political crisis
12448:Jewish war conspiracy theory
11639:Extermination through labour
10980:Journal of Genocide Research
10951:Journal of Genocide Research
10803:A Companion to the Holocaust
10708:A Companion to the Holocaust
10674:10.1007/978-3-030-55532-0_11
10639:A Companion to the Holocaust
10617:A Companion to the Holocaust
10598:A Companion to the Holocaust
10379:A Companion to the Holocaust
10357:A Companion to the Holocaust
10331:A Companion to the Holocaust
9943:Jackson, Timothy P. (2021).
9926:University of Nebraska Press
9749:University of Nebraska Press
9316:The Journal of Social Issues
9282:Lieberman, Benjamin (2013).
9257:10.2979/jewisocistud.16.3.32
7675:Neufeld & Berenbaum 2000
7663:Neufeld & Berenbaum 2000
7651:Neufeld & Berenbaum 2000
6433:, pp. 97, 102, 371–372.
2676:or was an aberration of it.
2643:Israeli–Palestinian conflict
2271:Death marches and liberation
2150:in all languages publicized
2007:Forced labor in Nazi Germany
1884:Independent State of Croatia
1629:23 July 1942 – October 1943
1068:Invasion of the Soviet Union
962:The war provided cover for "
908:invaded Poland from the east
904:occupied by the Soviet Union
881:Auschwitz concentration camp
722:about 1,500 anti-Jewish laws
492:and argued that there was a
472:positing the existence of a
424:Grand Synagogue of Nuremberg
304:invasion of the Soviet Union
7:
27036:End of World War II in Asia
26876:Western invasion of Germany
26383:Chinese famine of 1942–1943
26360:Second Battle of El Alamein
25930:Hundred Regiments Offensive
25902:Battle of the Mediterranean
25755:Italian invasion of Albania
23922:Air warfare of World War II
21768:National Socialist Movement
21736:Arrow Cross Party (Hungary)
19930:Night of the Murdered Poets
17580:Persecution of black people
17468:(second personal assistant)
17155:Nanjing War Crimes Tribunal
16323:National Population Program
14928:Volksdeutscher Selbstschutz
14593:Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski
14356:(possible illegitimate son)
13211:Night of the Murdered Poets
12630:Righteous Among the Nations
11845:
11316:Righteous Among the Nations
10805:. Wiley. pp. 117–133.
10710:. Wiley. pp. 135–151.
10641:. Wiley. pp. 173–189.
10619:. Wiley. pp. 247–261.
10600:. Wiley. pp. 381–396.
10502:. Brill. pp. 305–343.
10381:. Wiley. pp. 233–245.
7276:Texas Tech University Press
2816:system administered by the
2609:, and speeches, as well as
2533:Germany paid $ 86.8 billion
1809:Deportations from elsewhere
1426:Higher SS and Police Leader
1308:5,000 German Jews were shot
1198:Prior to the invasion, the
1102:planned the mass starvation
1080:was to be carried out as a
597:controlled the Soviet Union
496:. Many racists argued that
10:
27341:
27275:Ethnic cleansing in Europe
26962:Naval bombardment of Japan
26330:First Battle of El Alamein
26249:Battle of Christmas Island
26194:Japanese invasion of Burma
25958:Italian invasion of Greece
25874:German invasion of Belgium
25846:German invasion of Denmark
25819:1939–1940 Winter Offensive
25688:Second Italo-Ethiopian War
23945:Comparative military ranks
22024:
21782:Nordic Resistance Movement
20881:National Socialist Program
20741:
20361:Davidka Square bus bombing
20072:Antwerp summer camp attack
19946:Shafrir synagogue shooting
19649:Operation Harvest Festival
18758:Massacre of the Assumption
17785:(man who arrested Himmler)
17570:Suppression of Freemasonry
17560:Persecution of homosexuals
17550:Crimes against Soviet POWs
17070:Frankfurt Auschwitz trials
17014:Hamburg Ravensbrück trials
16840:Effects on young survivors
16275:Sabra and Shatila massacre
14988:Lithuanian Security Police
14377:Streets named after Hitler
13206:Anti-cosmopolitan campaign
13177:Anti-Zionist League (Iraq)
13152:Jewish Anti-Zionist League
13117:Antisemitic laws, policies
12973:On the Jews and Their Lies
12367:Ukrainian Auxiliary Police
12337:Lithuanian Security Police
12256:Reich Security Main Office
11223:Evidence and documentation
10307:(2023b). "The Holocaust".
10199:Histories of the Holocaust
10112:Cambridge University Press
10032:University Press of Kansas
9908:W. W. Norton & Company
9882:Cambridge University Press
9333:Aharon, Eldad Ben (2020).
9018:Landau, Ronnie S. (2016).
8067:Landau, Ronnie S. (2016).
2456:
2436:Return home and emigration
2431:Aftermath of the Holocaust
2428:
2408:Operation Harvest Festival
2303:
2253:German invasion of Hungary
2160:Polish government-in-exile
2139:
2093:
2004:
1929:
1908:German occupation of Italy
1674:
1499:Major extermination camps
1394:
1380:Reich Main Security Office
1300:Romani people from Austria
1149:
973:
708:
702:
645:extrajudicial imprisonment
579:Germany's physical borders
359:
39:Holocaust (disambiguation)
36:
29:
27051:
26883:Bratislava–Brno offensive
26823:
26814:Dutch famine of 1944–1945
26551:
26438:Allied invasion of Sicily
26392:
26298:Aleutian Islands campaign
26270:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign
26217:
26208:Greek famine of 1941–1944
26103:Second Battle of Changsha
26008:German invasion of Greece
25976:
25853:Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang
25828:
25766:
25661:
25542:
25268:
25178:
25019:
24722:
24713:
24471:
24296:
24188:North and Central Pacific
24149:
23911:
23904:
23831:
23775:
23683:South Thailand insurgency
23659:Walisongo school massacre
23627:Exodus of Kashmiri Hindus
23276:Expulsion of the Moriscos
23252:European wars of religion
23166:
23010:
22845:
22763:
22640:
22473:
22241:
22143:
22032:
21978:
21886:
21860:
21812:
21751:Nasjonal Samling (Norway)
21680:
21637:
21552:
21432:
21061:
20865:
20749:
20564:
20449:
20427:Tel Aviv shawarma bombing
20382:Shmuel HaNavi bus bombing
20338:
20304:Hebrew University bombing
20260:
20224:
20217:
20134:
20055:
20025:Ben Yehuda Street bombing
19985:Avivim school bus bombing
19976:
19921:
19908:Menarsha synagogue attack
19899:
19872:Ben Yehuda Street bombing
19849:
19799:
19756:
19706:
19662:
19626:
19590:
19441:
19419:
19383:
19345:
19017:
19010:
18816:
18628:
18621:
18550:
18515:
18433:
18426:
18360:
18280:
18193:
18116:
18064:
17999:
17951:
17893:
17832:
17739:
17708:
17677:
17618:
17610:Himmler-Kersten Agreement
17523:
17487:
17438:(Chief of Personal Staff)
17391:
17368:
17244:
17125:
17038:Ulm Einsatzkommando trial
17006:Supreme National Tribunal
16896:
16877:
16787:
16709:
16612:
16490:
16397:
16160:
15855:
15617:Residential school system
15516:
15396:
15370:
15279:
15227:
15209:
15186:
15154:
15116:
15073:
15055:
15027:
15020:
14944:
14891:Reichssicherheitshauptamt
14874:
14867:
14827:
14781:
14576:
14486:
14465:
14458:
14390:
14369:
14278:
14222:Hitler: The Last Ten Days
14179:
14156:
14063:
14030:Meldemannstraße dormitory
14008:
13917:
13908:
13850:
13755:
13715:
13484:
13429:
13310:
13244:
13115:
13033:
12886:
12833:
12703:
12583:Books and other resources
12570:
12486:
12415:
12411:
12388:
12322:
12294:
12235:
12222:
12209:
12148:
12096:
12049:
11986:
11956:
11894:
11866:
11857:
11853:
11840:
11798:
11757:
11709:
11695:
11657:
11616:
11516:
11473:
11351:
11347:
11330:
11246:
11215:
11115:Bulgarian-occupied Greece
11042:
11038:
10869:10.1017/S0018246X19000566
10735:10.1002/9781118970492.ch3
10729:. Wiley. pp. 59–74.
10656:Sahlstrom, Julia (2021).
10252:Farrar, Straus and Giroux
10141:10.1007/978-3-319-97999-1
9852:Gilbert, Martin (2015) .
9559:The Holocaust: The Basics
9508:, pp. 163, 219, 239.
8540:Niewyk & Nicosia 2000
6397:, pp. 306, 368, 372.
4256:, pp. 247, 251, 254.
2883:Peck & Berenbaum 2002
2871:Niewyk & Nicosia 2000
2822:administratively separate
2789:Niewyk & Nicosia 2000
2757:Niewyk & Nicosia 2000
2500:waging wars of aggression
2459:Category:Holocaust trials
1896:Bulgarian-occupied Greece
1633:
1605:
1577:
1549:
1523:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1012:tried to concentrate Jews
887:in western Poland to the
877:were arrested or executed
822:revocation of citizenship
507:overseas, leading to the
452:in hopes that they would
434:Jews have lived in Europe
422:River (c. 1900) with the
315:murder all Jews in Europe
280:pursuit of "living space"
215:. Between 1941 and 1945,
180:
170:
134:
126:
111:
83:
75:
70:
26475:Allied invasion of Italy
26452:Solomon Islands campaign
26201:Third Battle of Changsha
25798:First Battle of Changsha
25704:Second Sino-Japanese War
24637:German military brothels
24503:United States war crimes
23073:Extrajudicial punishment
21653:Nazi concentration camps
21169:Economic interventionism
21131:Jewish conspiracy theory
20934:Night of the Long Knives
20910:Religion in Nazi Germany
20554:Monsey Hanukkah stabbing
20538:Poway synagogue shooting
20435:Jerusalem yeshiva attack
20269:Ghriba synagogue bombing
20191:Island of Peace massacre
19642:Kielce cemetery massacre
18185:Revolt against Heraclius
17913:Ancient Israel and Judah
17895:Ancient Israel and Judah
17383:Minister of the Interior
15909:Christians in Diyarbekir
15141:Ninth Fort November 1941
14743:Karl Eberhard Schöngarth
14498:Humbert Achamer-Pifrader
14248:Hitler: The Rise of Evil
13451:Community Security Trust
13325:Black Death persecutions
12173:People with disabilities
12106:Aid and Rescue Committee
10944:Sutcliffe, Adam (2022).
10579:Cornell University Press
10530:Cornell University Press
10226:Penguin Publishing Group
10129:Russell, Nestar (2018).
10086:Indiana University Press
9739:Browning, Christopher R.
9670:Rowman & Littlefield
9545:
9239:Gilbert, Shirli (2010).
9217:, pp. 100, 102–103.
8789:Goschler & Ther 2007
8762:Goschler & Ther 2007
8284:Rosenberg, Alan (1979).
8262:, pp. 118, 409–410.
8107:. pp. 14, 111–112.
7549:, pp. 237, 242–243.
6707:, pp. 340, 376–377.
6481:, pp. 115–116, 382.
6195:, pp. 299–300, 331.
6135:, pp. 341, 353–354.
6123:, pp. 338, 352–353.
5500:, pp. 280–281, 292.
4814:, pp. 105, 107–108.
3271:, pp. 120–121, 123.
2686:
1970:Ukrainian Insurgent Army
1767:were sent to Treblinka.
1601:May 1942 – October 1942
1251:the gunfire but instead
1156:The Holocaust in Romania
1074:invaded the Soviet Union
705:The Holocaust in Germany
636:was appointed chancellor
539:by socialists and Jews.
509:Herero and Nama genocide
286:in early 1933. Meant to
26897:Second Guangxi campaign
26752:Philippines (1944–1945)
26256:Battle of the Coral Sea
26159:Fall of the Philippines
25805:Battle of South Guangxi
25711:Battles of Khalkhin Gol
25110:Italian Social Republic
23766:Crocus City Hall attack
23513:Persecution of Tibetans
23270:French Wars of Religion
23192:Yellow Turban Rebellion
22703:Psychometrics of racism
22153:Anti-miscegenation laws
21797:Tsagaan Khas (Mongolia)
20088:Vienna synagogue attack
20064:Paris synagogue bombing
19308:The Bloody Day in Jaffa
17870:Expulsions and exoduses
16847:Politics of recognition
15402:Destruction of Carthage
14563:Franz Walter Stahlecker
14262:Shigeru Mizuki's Hitler
13832:Last will and testament
13657:Palestinian Territories
13162:Dreyfus Affair (France)
12314:Order Police battalions
10829:Oxford University Press
10781:Oxford University Press
10775:(2010). "Nationalism".
10553:Oxford University Press
10481:Oxford University Press
10458:Oxford University Press
10203:Oxford University Press
10005:Oxford University Press
9951:Oxford University Press
9696:Oxford University Press
9618:Oxford University Press
7239:Oxford University Press
7100:Press. pp. 33–34.
5704:(1). Elsevier BV: 1–6.
5663:Borkin, Joseph (1978).
2814:Nazi concentration camp
2672:Holocaust emerged from
2615:Denial of the Holocaust
2531:Between 1945 and 2018,
2447:displaced persons camps
2136:International reactions
1817:Jews are deported from
1598:Late 1941 or March 1942
1462:overcrowded cattle cars
1296:deport them to the east
1280:Bessarabia and Bukovina
1094:demographic engineering
1090:laws and customs of war
976:The Holocaust in Poland
902:The rest of Poland was
859:from the United Kingdom
842:annexation into Germany
628:political fragmentation
384:Soviet prisoners of war
57:Infobox civilian attack
49:
26482:Armistice of Cassibile
26284:Battle of Dutch Harbor
26235:Battle of the Java Sea
26138:Attack on Pearl Harbor
26038:Syria–Lebanon campaign
26031:Battle of South Shanxi
26001:Invasion of Yugoslavia
25784:Battle of the Atlantic
25398:Korean Liberation Army
25104:(until September 1943)
25061:(until September 1944)
25039:(until September 1944)
23719:Iraqi Turkmen genocide
23695:Maspero demonstrations
23543:Huế Phật Đản shootings
22668:Ethnic plastic surgery
22163:Biological determinism
21939:
21930:
21419:
21410:
21399:
21374:Social interventionism
21343:
21334:
21216:
21207:
21202:Greater Germanic Reich
21188:
21179:
21153:
21122:
20963:
20954:
20915:
20891:
20886:Hitler's rise to power
20850:
20840:
20826:
20791:League of German Girls
20777:
20768:
20759:
20411:Beersheba bus bombings
20017:Kiryat Shmona massacre
19938:Scorpion Pass massacre
19635:Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
19066:Second Kishinev pogrom
18806:Portuguese Inquisition
18450:2nd Alexandrian pogrom
18221:Invasion of Banu Nadir
18022:First Jewish-Roman War
17726:Claus von Stauffenberg
17690:Army Group Upper Rhine
17379:Chief of German Police
17298:South Africa v. Israel
17266:Rohingya genocide case
16803:Names of the Holocaust
16267:Chittagong Hill Tracts
15975:Kinder der Landstrasse
15861:Late Ottoman genocides
15322:Einsatzgruppen reports
15287:List of Einsatzgruppen
15136:Kaunas 29 October 1941
14633:Friedrich-Wilhelm Bock
14342:William Stuart-Houston
13888:Assassination attempts
13471:Stephen Roth Institute
13119:and government actions
13058:Portuguese Inquisition
13035:Religious antisemitism
12909:Double genocide theory
12795:Secondary antisemitism
12731:Religious antisemitism
12163:Soviet urban residents
11254:International response
11228:Contemporary knowledge
10920:10.4000/temoigner.9886
10857:The Historical Journal
10823:(2010). "Punishment".
10635:Priemel, Kim Christian
10422:Goschler, Constantin;
8377:10.1126/sciadv.aau7292
7489:, pp. 1065, 1075.
7270:Majer, Diemut (2014).
7129:Lenten, Ronit (2000).
7098:Wayne State University
6647:, pp. 1064, 1066.
6313:, pp. 95–96, 387.
5919:, pp. 93–94, 120.
2599:different memorial day
2572:
2490:In 1945 and 1946, the
2472:
2371:
2284:
2212:
2190:Second half of the war
2091:
2089:Warsaw Ghetto uprising
2040:
2029:
2020:
1954:Holocaust perpetrators
1948:
1912:Italian-occupied areas
1892:larger number of Serbs
1834:
1755:
1748:Warsaw Ghetto uprising
1702:
1519:Mass gassing duration
1510:Number of Jews killed
1406:
1405:Deportation to Chełmno
1247:
1239:
1169:
1146:Mass shootings of Jews
1127:
1051:
1007:
992:
984:Unpaved street in the
844:
759:
619:
554:
505:German colonial empire
470:Political antisemitism
430:
362:Names of the Holocaust
338:Holocaust perpetrators
229:German-occupied Europe
117:German-occupied Poland
98:, May 1944. Most were
96:German-occupied Poland
62:considered for merging
43:Shoah (disambiguation)
26646:Second Battle of Guam
26542:Bengal famine of 1943
26512:Second Battle of Kiev
26468:Battle of the Dnieper
26173:Battle of Wake Island
26045:East African campaign
25987:Battle of South Henan
25632:atrocities by Germans
25405:Korean Volunteer Army
24379:Occupation of Germany
24133:Music in World War II
23689:Boko Haram insurgency
23348:Pontic Greek genocide
23258:Ottoman–Habsburg wars
23068:Extrajudicial killing
22835:Religious persecution
22588:In Jewish communities
22566:Hispanic & Latino
21668:Human experimentation
21364:Reactionary modernism
21309:Anti-Slavic sentiment
21036:Human experimentation
20770:Geheime Staatspolizei
20311:Rishon LeZion bombing
20033:Coastal Road massacre
19034:First Kishinev pogrom
18825:Chmielnicki massacres
18734:Schaffhausen Massacre
18653:Armleder persecutions
18607:Rintfleisch massacres
18272:Medieval antisemitism
18211:Siege of Banu Qaynuqa
18206:Siege of Banu Qurayza
18180:Revolt against Gallus
17966:Second Temple Judaism
17163:Bosnian genocide case
16817:Holocaust terminology
16460:Christians under ISIS
16198:1966 anti-Igbo pogrom
15627:1740 Batavia massacre
15451:Harrying of the North
15219:Kremnička and Nemecká
14688:Waldemar Klingelhöfer
14330:Leo Rudolf Raubal Jr.
14229:The Meaning of Hitler
14148:German naturalization
14040:16 Prinzregentenplatz
13431:Organizations working
12991:Contemporary imprints
12920:The International Jew
12790:Rootless cosmopolitan
12610:Memorials and museums
12548:Reparations Agreement
12543:Holocaust restitution
12121:Le Chambon-sur-Lignon
11644:Human experimentation
11483:Auschwitz II-Birkenau
10973:Welch, Susan (2020).
10799:Westermann, Edward B.
10287:Palgrave Macmillan UK
10104:Rosenfeld, Gavriel D.
9979:Yale University Press
9592:Bloomsbury Publishing
9245:Jewish Social Studies
8147:10.4324/9780429428616
7597:, pp. 74–75, 81.
3244:, pp. 62–63, 65.
2922:Hayes & Roth 2010
2745:Hayes & Roth 2010
2567:
2466:
2457:Further information:
2313:
2278:
2239:with the help of the
2202:
2094:Further information:
2086:
2026:
2014:
2005:Further information:
1964:, Romanian soldiers,
1939:
1930:Further information:
1882:to October 1942. The
1864:Grand Mosque of Paris
1856:Si Kaddour Benghabrit
1816:
1745:
1684:
1675:Further information:
1635:Auschwitz II–Birkenau
1404:
1382:(RSHA), convened the
1361:attacked Pearl Harbor
1310:outside of Kovno and
1245:
1233:
1163:
1150:Further information:
1140:anti-partisan warfare
1121:
998:
983:
974:Further information:
835:
828:Start of World War II
748:
709:Further information:
679:. The annexations of
632:in mid-1932 elections
614:
545:
529:substantial territory
417:
356:Terminology and scope
288:force all German Jews
175:Around 6 million Jews
26932:Surrender of Germany
26410:Battle of West Hubei
26367:Guadalcanal campaign
26337:Battle of Stalingrad
26263:Battle of Madagascar
25030:Albania protectorate
24817:(formerly Swaziland)
24526:Wehrmacht war crimes
24342:Expulsion of Germans
24126:Art and World War II
24024:British contribution
23973:Governments in exile
23671:September 11 attacks
23607:1984 anti-Sikh riots
23471:Rawalpindi massacres
23417:White Terror (Spain)
23228:Massacre at Ayyadieh
23113:Population cleansing
22678:Herrenvolk democracy
21741:German American Bund
21082:Anti-intellectualism
20929:Enabling Act of 1933
20546:Jersey City shooting
20419:Ashdod Port bombings
20001:Lod Airport massacre
19962:Purge of Polish Jews
19886:Kfar Etzion massacre
19392:Częstochowa massacre
19153:1920 Nebi Musa riots
18973:Fourth Odessa pogrom
18929:Second Odessa pogrom
18233:Sephardic Golden Age
18027:Battle of Beth Horon
17953:Second Temple period
17938:Babylonian captivity
17767:(personal physician)
17731:Henning von Tresckow
17565:Persecution of Serbs
17545:Crimes against Poles
17314:Nicaragua v. Germany
17213:Khmer Rouge Tribunal
16589:Utilitarian genocide
16568:Transgender genocide
15935:Osage Indian murders
15635:Great Gypsy Round-up
15302:Einsatzgruppen trial
15164:Operation Tannenberg
14845:Antanas Impulevičius
14718:Hans-Adolf Prützmann
14382:Mannerheim recording
14306:Johann Georg Hiedler
14208:The Victory of Faith
13784:Political directives
13433:against antisemitism
13379:Martyrdom in Judaism
13245:Antisemitic websites
13157:Leo Frank trial (US)
13053:Catholic Inquisition
13025:Zionist antisemitism
12741:Antisemitism studies
11810:Jewish Ghetto Police
11679:Politische Abteilung
11574:Risiera di San Sabba
11435:Natzweiler-Struthof
10831:. pp. 524–539.
10668:. pp. 287–313.
10581:. pp. 104–123.
10571:Kopstein, Jeffrey S.
10555:. pp. 509–523.
10522:Kopstein, Jeffrey S.
10483:. pp. 540–559.
10407:. pp. 117–143.
10337:. pp. 153–172.
10177:Taylor & Francis
9835:. Washington, D.C.:
8349:Stone, Lewi (2019).
7824:, pp. 114, 368.
7632:on 29 September 2023
7157:"Do burdelu, marsz!"
6977:, pp. 265, 272.
6905:, pp. 379, 383.
6806:, pp. 265, 267.
6671:, pp. 259, 264.
6409:, pp. 366, 389.
6361:, pp. 373, 379.
6337:, pp. 324, 360.
5551:, pp. 247, 251.
4750:, pp. 300, 310.
4561:, pp. 142, 294.
4193:, pp. 109, 117.
3714:, pp. 117, 119.
3666:, pp. 184, 187.
2773:Christopher Browning
2674:Western civilization
2425:Aftermath and legacy
2229:Italy switched sides
2117:resistance movements
1736:Jewish ghetto police
1712:armaments production
1450:Schmelt Organization
1432:began work planning
1306:. In late November,
1288:Carpathian Ruthenian
1207:, the leader of the
1122:Public execution of
1082:war of extermination
787:levied a special tax
715:The roughly 500,000
607:Rise of Nazi Germany
567:a world without Jews
531:; opposition to the
525:two million war dead
278:based on racism and
274:The Nazis developed
27310:Mass murder in 1945
27305:Mass murder in 1944
27300:Mass murder in 1943
27295:Mass murder in 1942
27290:Mass murder in 1941
27280:Genocides in Europe
27022:Potsdam Declaration
26911:Italy (Spring 1945)
26674:Liberation of Paris
26131:Siege of Sevastopol
25142:(until August 1944)
25045:Wang Jingwei regime
24867:from September 1943
24827:from September 1944
24765:from September 1944
24625:Romanian war crimes
24616:Persecution of Jews
24602:Croatian war crimes
24572:Japanese war crimes
24386:Occupation of Japan
24335:First Indochina War
24047:Military production
23959:Declarations of war
23583:Bangladesh genocide
23563:Cultural Revolution
23555:Xá Lợi Pagoda raids
23318:Circassian genocide
23204:Rhineland massacres
23118:Population transfer
23083:Forced displacement
22890:Jehovah's Witnesses
22698:Perpetual foreigner
21861:Role and impact in
21731:American Nazi Party
21143:Cult of personality
21112:Class collaboration
21021:Extermination camps
21006:Concentration camps
20949:Anti-Comintern Pact
20368:Café Hillel bombing
19736:Tripolitania pogrom
19534:Kamianets-Podilskyi
19058:Fifth Odessa pogrom
18996:1898 Algerian riots
18937:Third Odessa pogrom
18881:First Odessa pogrom
18766:Spanish Inquisition
18742:Moroccan revolution
18622:14th – 19th century
18552:Rhineland massacres
17971:Hellenistic Judaism
17880:Political movements
17590:Deutsche Volksliste
17472:Walter Schellenberg
17430:Ernst Kaltenbrunner
17426:(Chief of the RSHA)
16700:Settler colonialism
16649:Forced assimilation
16355:Srebrenica massacre
16127:Chechens and Ingush
15885:Thracian Bulgarians
15731:Sand Creek massacre
15692:Siege of Tripolitsa
15443:Ancestral Puebloans
15252:Kamianets-Podilskyi
15196:Gully of Petrushino
14713:Gustav Adolf Nosske
14548:Friedrich Panzinger
14478:Ernst Kaltenbrunner
14312:Maria Schicklgruber
14215:Triumph of the Will
14202:Killing baby Hitler
14192:Cult of personality
14133:Hitler's Table Talk
14076:possible monorchism
14009:Civilian residences
13898:conspiracy theories
13409:Spanish Inquisition
13320:Rhineland massacres
13075:Rhineland massacres
13068:Spanish Inquisition
12800:Stereotypes of Jews
12785:Racial antisemitism
12736:Persecution of Jews
12588:Days of remembrance
12501:Holocaust survivors
12496:Depopulated shtetls
12347:Rollkommando Hamann
12193:Jehovah's Witnesses
12011:Kamianets-Podilskyi
11073:Bohemia and Moravia
10903:Lehnstaedt, Stephan
10327:Beorn, Waitman Wade
10289:. pp. 97–117.
10244:Wachsmann, Nikolaus
10220:Stone, Dan (2023).
10051:Nicosia, Francis R.
10049:Niewyk, Donald L.;
9644:Bloomsbury Academic
9636:Beorn, Waitman Wade
9610:Bazyler, Michael J.
9444:, pp. 206–207.
9190:, pp. 306–307.
9154:, pp. 190–191.
8938:, pp. 15, 346.
8926:, pp. 98, 107.
8846:, pp. 482–483.
8830:, pp. 549–550.
8752:, pp. 215–216.
8740:, pp. 182–183.
8728:, pp. 534–535.
8620:, pp. 512–513.
8593:, pp. 353–355.
8581:, pp. 275–276.
8569:, pp. 273–274.
8369:2019SciA....5.7292S
8274:, pp. 428–429.
8250:, pp. 407–408.
7953:, pp. 409–410.
7884:, pp. 414–418.
7788:, pp. 410–412.
7740:, pp. 402–403.
7477:, pp. 269–270.
7366:, pp. 236–237.
7318:, pp. 424–425.
7169:on 5 December 2010.
7073:, pp. 392–393.
7049:, pp. 189–190.
7001:, pp. 264–265.
6917:, pp. 271–272.
6842:, pp. 196–197.
6830:, pp. 142–143.
6818:, pp. 141–143.
6782:, pp. 334–335.
6548:, pp. 124–125.
6373:, pp. 325–326.
6248:, pp. 375–376.
6171:, pp. 378–380.
6147:, pp. 241–242.
6099:, pp. 93, 249.
6051:, pp. 335–336.
5887:, pp. 74, 120.
5626:, pp. 153–154.
5602:, pp. 204–205.
5563:, pp. 286–287.
5539:, pp. 526–527.
5527:, pp. 281–282.
5512:, pp. 208–209.
5427:, pp. 290–291.
5241:, pp. 146–147.
5190:, pp. 205–206.
5154:, pp. 298–299.
5118:, pp. 284–285.
4966:, pp. 135–136.
4913:, pp. 259–260.
4802:, pp. 69, 440.
4762:, pp. 162–163.
4726:, pp. 182–183.
4699:, pp. 298–299.
4684:, pp. 297–298.
4633:, pp. 231–232.
4549:, pp. 182–183.
4537:, pp. 221–222.
4525:, pp. 181–182.
4441:, pp. 201–202.
4429:, pp. 121–122.
4381:, pp. 127–128.
4369:, pp. 247–248.
4357:, pp. 314–315.
4304:, pp. 253–254.
4217:, pp. 87, 103.
4149:, pp. 107–109.
3927:, pp. 102–103.
3903:, pp. 99, 101.
3847:, pp. 109–110.
3823:, pp. 332–334.
3654:, pp. 184–185.
3310:, pp. 138–139.
2591:Holocaust education
2528:in eastern Europe.
2481:Genocide Convention
2261:a last-ditch effort
2205:Carpathian Ruthenia
2195:Continuing killings
2180:Holocaust survivors
2174:During the war the
1831:General Governorate
1687:General Governorate
1660:(built as POW camp)
1513:Killing technology
1500:
1391:Extermination camps
1367:, referring to his
1363:. The next day, he
1348:extermination camps
1005:General Governorate
939:. In 1941, Germany
914:. The Soviet Union
889:General Governorate
806:Mandatory Palestine
699:Persecution of Jews
689:Bohemia and Moravia
661:forcibly sterilized
657:concentration camps
550:postcard showing a
323:medical experiments
237:extermination camps
27015:Surrender of Japan
26848:Battle of Iwo Jima
26697:Belgrade offensive
26110:Siege of Leningrad
25994:Battle of Shanggao
25923:British Somaliland
25888:Dunkirk evacuation
25839:Norwegian campaign
25777:Invasion of Poland
25604:Japanese prisoners
24565:Italian war crimes
24496:British war crimes
24411:Soviet occupations
24195:South-West Pacific
24082:Allied cooperation
24040:Military equipment
23677:2002 Gujarat riots
23601:Cambodian genocide
23595:Lebanese Civil War
23373:Soviet persecution
23210:Jerusalem massacre
23123:Sectarian violence
23108:Political violence
22728:Racial integration
22708:Race and sexuality
22513:Japanese Americans
22233:Racial segregation
22223:Racial nationalism
21948:German Romanticism
21836:Nazi Party members
21658:Extermination camp
21051:Racial segregation
20779:Deutsches Jungvolk
20466:Burgas bus bombing
20151:Crown Heights riot
20104:Ras Burqa massacre
19815:Haifa Oil Refinery
19671:Ardeatine massacre
19606:Dzyatlava massacre
19026:Częstochowa pogrom
18637:Shepherds' Crusade
18442:Alexandrian pogrom
18427:1st – 13th century
17928:Assyrian Captivity
17908:Origins of Judaism
17850:Population history
17773:(personal masseur)
17700:Operation Nordwind
17695:Army Group Vistula
17595:Operation Reinhard
17524:Responsibility for
17478:Karl Maria Wiligut
17403:Ideology of the SS
17179:Slobodan Milošević
17030:Erich von Manstein
16642:Extermination camp
16403:Effacer le tableau
16166:Hyderabadi Muslims
16111:Nanshitou Massacre
16095:Muslims and Croats
15797:Hamidian massacres
15684:Al-Jawazi massacre
15674:Stolen Generations
15377:list by death toll
14899:Sicherheitspolizei
14855:Algirdas Klimaitis
14653:Friedrich Buchardt
14568:Bruno Streckenbach
14269:Apocalypse: Hitler
14197:In popular culture
13628:Conservative Party
13389:Pale of Settlement
12899:Christian Identity
12873:Soviet mathematics
12778:Working definition
12571:History and memory
12475:Forced euthanasia
12423:Nazi racial policy
12126:Danish underground
11973:Operation Reinhard
11968:Wannsee Conference
10783:. pp. 54–67.
10076:Berenbaum, Michael
10074:Peck, Abraham J.;
10024:Berenbaum, Michael
10022:Neufeld, Michael;
9874:Gerlach, Christian
9781:St. Martin's Press
4774:, pp. 13–14;
4205:, p. 63, 437.
3966:, pp. 46, 73.
3775:, pp. 49, 53.
3555:, pp. 52, 60.
3528:, pp. 39, 41.
3208:, pp. 61, 65.
2573:
2510:was kidnapped and
2487:of criminal laws.
2473:
2384:Operation Reinhard
2372:
2285:
2213:
2092:
2045:forced-labor camps
2041:
2021:
1949:
1835:
1781:Bialystok District
1758:The Warsaw Ghetto
1756:
1703:
1677:Operation Reinhard
1640:East Upper Silesia
1498:
1446:East Upper Silesia
1407:
1397:Extermination camp
1384:Wannsee Conference
1355:. On 11 December,
1248:
1240:
1170:
1128:
1106:besieged Leningrad
1086:complete disregard
1008:
993:
941:invaded Yugoslavia
937:Denmark and Norway
912:German–Soviet pact
845:
760:
673:state-led measures
620:
555:
533:postwar settlement
521:widespread pogroms
431:
346:museums, memorials
319:forced labor camps
241:Auschwitz-Birkenau
235:and poison gas in
115:Europe, primarily
27325:Massacres of Jews
27095:
27094:
27089:
27088:
27047:
27046:
26890:Battle of Okinawa
26789:Burma (1944–1945)
26623:Mariana and Palau
26403:Tunisian campaign
26228:Fall of Singapore
26152:Fall of Hong Kong
25895:Battle of Britain
25748:Operation Himmler
25657:
25656:
25321:Dutch East Indies
24957:Southern Rhodesia
24709:
24708:
24609:Genocide of Serbs
24512:German war crimes
24489:Soviet war crimes
24482:Allied war crimes
24328:Division of Korea
24307:Chinese Civil War
24105:Strategic bombing
24017:Manhattan Project
23791:
23790:
23731:Rohingya genocide
23459:Direct Action Day
23411:Šahovići massacre
23361:Armenian genocide
23355:Assyrian genocide
23242:(13th–15th cent.)
23236:(12th–16th cent.)
23234:Northern Crusades
23078:Forced conversion
23028:Cultural genocide
23023:Communal violence
22900:post–Cold War era
22885:Eastern Orthodoxy
22801:
22800:
22549:African Americans
22496:Chinese Americans
22193:Ethnic stereotype
21992:
21991:
21533:Strasser (Gregor)
21412:Volksgemeinschaft
21357:Völkisch movement
21352:Völkisch equality
20939:Nuremberg rallies
20900:German rearmament
20709:
20708:
20705:
20704:
20681:
20680:
20522:Halamish stabbing
20514:Tel Aviv shooting
20445:
20444:
20398:
20397:
20334:
20333:
20290:Passover massacre
20256:
20255:
20213:
20212:
20209:
20208:
20175:Beit Lid massacre
20130:
20129:
20051:
20050:
20041:Nahariya massacre
19972:
19971:
19917:
19916:
19895:
19894:
19845:
19844:
19808:Fajja bus attacks
19795:
19794:
19752:
19751:
19702:
19701:
19658:
19657:
19622:
19621:
19586:
19585:
19437:
19436:
19415:
19414:
19379:
19378:
19363:Tiberias massacre
19292:Constantine riots
19239:
19238:
19164:Russian Civil War
19006:
19005:
18982:
18981:
18718:Brussels massacre
18712:
18711:
18617:
18616:
18585:
18584:
18511:
18510:
18501:Battle of Khaybar
18477:Bar Kokhba revolt
18378:
18377:
18370:WP:Jewish history
18228:Under Muslim rule
18216:Battle of Khaybar
18131:Synagogal Judaism
18112:
18111:
18054:Bar Kokhba revolt
18017:Jewish-Roman Wars
17981:Hasmonean kingdom
17923:Kingdom of Israel
17792:
17791:
17685:Operation Himmler
17652:(younger brother)
17626:Margarete Himmler
17424:Reinhard Heydrich
17328:
17327:
17324:
17323:
17231:
17230:
17112:
17111:
16958:Euthanasia trials
16878:Legal proceedings
16621:Cultural genocide
16547:Cultural genocide
16486:
16485:
16419:Masalit massacres
16382:
16381:
16283:Sri Lankan Tamils
16190:Arabs in Zanzibar
16145:
16144:
16063:Three Alls policy
15840:
15839:
15773:Putumayo genocide
15501:
15500:
15330:
15329:
15275:
15274:
15170:Intelligenzaktion
15016:
15015:
15007:Ypatingasis būrys
14907:Sicherheitsdienst
14863:
14862:
14728:Martin Sandberger
14698:Walter Kutschmann
14683:Friedrich Jeckeln
14473:Reinhard Heydrich
14410:
14409:
14128:Psychopathography
14118:Stefanie Rabatsch
14083:Wealth and income
14059:
14058:
13940:Reich Chancellery
13702:
13701:
13345:Ghettos in Europe
13258:The Daily Stormer
13063:Roman Inquisition
12926:Jewish Bolshevism
12663:
12662:
12659:
12658:
12655:
12654:
12506:Sh'erit ha-Pletah
12453:Jewish emigration
12443:Hitler's prophecy
12438:Haavara Agreement
12384:
12383:
12380:
12379:
12372:Ypatingasis būrys
12269:Sicherheitsdienst
12205:
12204:
12201:
12200:
12144:
12143:
12064:Bielski partisans
11836:
11835:
11832:
11831:
11828:
11827:
11667:Totenkopfverbände
11326:
11325:
10882:Holocaust Studies
10838:978-0-19-921186-9
10821:Wittmann, Rebecca
10812:978-1-118-97052-2
10790:978-0-19-921186-9
10744:978-1-118-97052-2
10717:978-1-118-97052-2
10683:978-3-030-55532-0
10648:978-1-118-97052-2
10626:978-1-118-97052-2
10607:978-1-118-97052-2
10588:978-1-5017-6676-3
10562:978-0-19-921186-9
10539:978-1-5017-6676-3
10509:978-90-04-35235-3
10490:978-0-19-921186-9
10467:978-0-19-921186-9
10460:. pp. 1–20.
10441:978-0-85745-564-2
10434:. pp. 1–18.
10414:978-3-030-28675-0
10397:Evans, Richard J.
10388:978-1-118-97052-2
10366:978-1-118-97049-2
10344:978-1-118-97052-2
10318:978-0-19-288683-5
10296:978-0-230-28336-7
10261:978-0-374-11825-9
10235:978-0-241-38870-9
10212:978-0-19-956679-2
10186:978-1-000-83062-0
10167:Smith, Stephen D.
10150:978-3-319-97999-1
10121:978-1-107-07399-9
10095:978-0-253-21529-1
10066:978-0-231-52878-8
10014:978-0-19-280436-5
9988:978-0-300-26253-7
9960:978-0-19-753807-4
9935:978-0-8032-7491-4
9891:978-0-521-70689-6
9865:978-0-7953-4674-3
9818:978-0-429-77837-7
9790:978-0-230-76891-8
9762:978-0-8032-0392-1
9730:978-8-821-19615-7
9705:978-0-19-955034-0
9679:978-1-4422-4228-9
9653:978-1-4742-3219-7
9627:978-0-19-092306-8
9601:978-1-350-33234-8
9573:978-1-351-32989-7
9416:978-1-107-10358-0
9388:978-90-8964-381-0
9349:978-3-946459-59-0
9293:978-1-4411-4655-7
9031:978-0-85772-843-2
9004:978-0-2280-0951-1
8974:978-1-107-10358-0
8791:, pp. 13–14.
8510:978-0-7953-3719-2
8503:. Rosetta Books.
8156:978-1-138-36944-3
8114:978-3-406-80881-4
8080:978-0-85772-843-2
7231:Gellately, Robert
7086:The Blessed Abyss
6349:, pp. 33–34.
6260:, pp. 96–97.
5678:978-0-02-904630-2
5471:Henry Friedlander
5349:, pp. 84–85.
5306:, pp. 79–80.
5106:, pp. 75–77.
4954:, pp. 69–70.
4790:, pp. 72–73.
4501:, pp. 67–68.
4465:, pp. 63–64.
4077:, pp. 37–38.
4002:, pp. 89–90.
3915:, pp. 57–58.
3618:, pp. 44–45.
3606:, pp. 43–44.
3426:, pp. 47–48.
3375:, pp. 32–38.
3346:, pp. 33–34.
3232:, pp. 52–54.
3107:, pp. 64–65.
3032:, pp. 21–23.
3008:, pp. 21–22.
2996:, pp. 20–21.
2972:, pp. 14–17.
2873:, pp. 45–52.
2545:Claims Conference
2526:fall of Communism
2485:non-retroactivity
2392:Christian Gerlach
2306:Holocaust victims
2241:Danish resistance
2168:joint declaration
2130:Bielski partisans
2113:Jews participated
2079:Escape and hiding
2050:private companies
2035:badge at work at
1975:Christian Gerlach
1668:
1667:
1661:
1644:900,000–1,000,000
1376:Reinhard Heydrich
1190:Romanian soldiers
1078:Jewish Bolshevism
1028:French Madagascar
641:a system of camps
618:from 1933 to 1941
513:South West Africa
486:industrialization
221:its collaborators
213:World War II
198:
197:
189:its collaborators
90:Jews arriving at
32:Holocaust victims
16:(Redirected from
27332:
27245:
27237:
27236:
27235:
27228:
27227:from Wikiversity
27220:
27219:
27218:
27211:
27203:
27202:
27201:
27194:
27186:
27185:
27184:
27177:
27169:
27168:
27167:
27160:
27152:
27151:
27150:
27143:
27135:
27134:
27133:
27126:
27118:
27117:
27116:
27106:
27082:
27075:
27068:
27065:World portal
27063:
27062:
27038:
27031:
27024:
27017:
27008:
27001:
26994:
26985:
26978:
26971:
26964:
26957:
26950:
26941:
26934:
26927:
26925:Prague offensive
26920:
26918:Battle of Berlin
26913:
26906:
26899:
26892:
26885:
26878:
26871:
26864:
26862:Vienna offensive
26857:
26850:
26843:
26841:Battle of Manila
26836:
26816:
26807:
26798:
26791:
26782:
26775:
26768:
26761:
26754:
26747:
26740:
26731:
26722:
26715:
26706:
26699:
26692:
26685:
26676:
26669:
26662:
26655:
26648:
26641:
26634:
26625:
26618:
26609:
26600:
26591:
26584:
26582:Korsun–Cherkassy
26577:
26566:
26544:
26535:
26528:
26521:
26514:
26507:
26500:
26493:
26484:
26477:
26470:
26463:
26454:
26447:
26440:
26433:
26426:
26424:Bombing of Gorky
26419:
26412:
26405:
26385:
26378:
26369:
26362:
26355:
26346:
26339:
26332:
26325:
26314:
26307:
26300:
26293:
26291:Battle of Midway
26286:
26279:
26277:Battle of Gazala
26272:
26265:
26258:
26251:
26244:
26237:
26230:
26210:
26203:
26196:
26189:
26187:Battle of Borneo
26182:
26180:Malayan campaign
26175:
26168:
26161:
26154:
26147:
26140:
26133:
26126:
26124:Bombing of Gorky
26119:
26117:Battle of Moscow
26112:
26105:
26098:
26091:
26084:
26077:
26061:
26054:
26047:
26040:
26033:
26026:
26017:
26010:
26003:
25996:
25989:
25969:
25960:
25953:
25946:
25939:
25932:
25925:
25918:
25911:
25904:
25897:
25890:
25883:
25881:Battle of France
25876:
25869:
25862:
25855:
25848:
25841:
25821:
25814:
25807:
25800:
25793:
25786:
25779:
25757:
25750:
25743:
25736:
25734:Munich Agreement
25729:
25722:
25713:
25706:
25699:
25690:
25683:
25668:
25667:
25650:
25643:
25634:
25627:
25620:
25619:Soviet prisoners
25613:
25606:
25599:
25590:
25583:
25574:
25567:
25560:
25559:German prisoners
25555:
25535:
25526:
25519:
25512:
25507:
25500:
25493:
25486:
25479:
25472:
25465:
25458:
25451:
25444:
25437:
25430:
25423:
25416:
25407:
25400:
25393:
25386:
25379:
25372:
25365:
25358:
25351:
25344:
25337:
25330:
25323:
25316:
25309:
25302:
25295:
25288:
25281:
25261:
25254:
25247:
25240:
25233:
25226:
25219:
25212:
25205:
25198:
25191:
25171:
25164:
25157:
25150:
25143:
25135:
25128:
25121:
25112:
25105:
25097:
25090:
25088:French Indochina
25083:
25076:
25069:
25062:
25054:
25047:
25040:
25032:
25012:
25003:
24996:
24987:
24980:
24973:
24966:
24959:
24952:
24945:
24938:
24935:from August 1944
24926:
24919:
24912:
24905:
24898:
24891:
24884:
24877:
24870:
24858:
24851:
24844:
24837:
24830:
24818:
24810:
24803:
24796:
24789:
24782:
24775:
24768:
24756:
24749:
24742:
24735:
24720:
24719:
24700:
24693:
24686:
24679:
24672:
24661:
24646:
24639:
24632:
24627:
24618:
24611:
24604:
24595:
24588:
24581:
24579:Nanjing Massacre
24574:
24567:
24558:
24556:Nuremberg trials
24549:
24542:
24535:
24528:
24521:
24514:
24505:
24498:
24491:
24484:
24464:
24457:
24450:
24441:
24434:
24427:
24420:
24413:
24406:
24397:
24388:
24381:
24374:
24367:
24358:
24351:
24344:
24337:
24330:
24323:
24316:
24309:
24289:
24280:
24273:
24266:
24257:
24250:
24243:
24236:
24227:
24220:
24213:
24204:
24197:
24190:
24183:
24176:
24169:
24162:
24160:Asia and Pacific
24142:
24135:
24128:
24121:
24114:
24107:
24100:
24091:
24089:Mulberry harbour
24084:
24077:
24070:
24063:
24056:
24049:
24042:
24035:
24026:
24019:
24012:
24003:
23996:
23989:
23982:
23975:
23968:
23961:
23954:
23947:
23940:
23931:
23924:
23909:
23908:
23897:
23890:
23881:
23874:
23867:
23860:
23853:
23846:
23839:
23818:
23811:
23804:
23795:
23794:
23783:
23782:
23749:2020 Delhi riots
23665:Kosheh massacres
23645:Bosnian genocide
23465:1946 Bihar riots
23128:Social cleansing
23053:Ethnic cleansing
22828:
22821:
22814:
22805:
22804:
22791:
22790:
22781:
22780:
22771:
22770:
22625:Racial supremacy
22583:Jewish Americans
22561:Native Americans
22530:Zainichi Koreans
22518:Japanese Koreans
22501:Zainichi Chinese
22474:Racism by target
22251:Global apartheid
22243:Racism by region
22228:Racial profiling
22218:Racial hierarchy
22019:
22012:
22005:
21996:
21995:
21984:
21983:
21944:
21935:
21932:Drang nach Osten
21777:
21758:
21628:von Sebottendorf
21424:
21415:
21404:
21384:State capitalism
21369:Social Darwinism
21348:
21339:
21221:
21212:
21193:
21184:
21158:
21127:
21124:Dolchstoßlegende
21097:Authoritarianism
20990:Nuremberg trials
20968:
20959:
20920:
20896:
20855:
20845:
20831:
20782:
20773:
20764:
20736:
20729:
20722:
20713:
20712:
20698:
20695:Dagestan attacks
20690:
20674:
20667:
20660:
20653:
20646:
20639:
20632:
20625:
20618:
20611:
20604:
20589:
20588:
20584:
20581:Beersheba attack
20576:
20557:
20549:
20541:
20533:
20525:
20517:
20509:
20501:
20493:
20485:
20477:
20469:
20461:
20438:
20430:
20422:
20414:
20400:
20399:
20391:
20384:
20377:
20370:
20363:
20356:
20349:
20336:
20335:
20327:
20320:
20313:
20306:
20299:
20292:
20285:
20278:
20271:
20258:
20257:
20249:
20242:
20229:
20228:
20222:
20221:
20202:
20194:
20186:
20178:
20170:
20162:
20154:
20146:
20143:Cairo bus attack
20132:
20131:
20123:
20115:
20107:
20099:
20091:
20083:
20075:
20067:
20053:
20052:
20044:
20036:
20028:
20020:
20012:
20009:Ma'alot massacre
20004:
19996:
19988:
19974:
19973:
19965:
19957:
19949:
19941:
19933:
19919:
19918:
19910:
19897:
19896:
19888:
19881:
19874:
19867:
19860:
19847:
19846:
19838:
19831:
19824:
19817:
19810:
19797:
19796:
19788:
19781:
19774:
19761:
19760:
19745:
19738:
19731:
19724:
19722:Topoľčany pogrom
19717:
19715:Deutsch Schützen
19704:
19703:
19695:
19687:
19685:Sărmașu massacre
19680:
19673:
19660:
19659:
19651:
19644:
19637:
19624:
19623:
19615:
19608:
19601:
19599:Dünamünde Action
19588:
19587:
19579:
19571:
19564:
19562:Kaunas (October)
19557:
19550:
19543:
19536:
19529:
19522:
19515:
19508:
19501:
19494:
19487:
19480:
19473:
19466:
19459:
19452:
19439:
19438:
19430:
19417:
19416:
19408:
19401:
19394:
19381:
19380:
19372:
19365:
19352:
19351:
19338:
19336:
19319:
19311:
19303:
19295:
19287:
19279:
19271:
19263:
19261:
19248:
19245:Zavirtcha pogrom
19232:
19225:
19218:
19211:
19204:
19197:
19190:
19183:
19176:
19160:
19159:
19155:
19148:
19141:
19133:
19125:
19117:
19109:
19101:
19093:
19085:
19077:
19074:Białystok pogrom
19069:
19061:
19053:
19045:
19037:
19029:
19015:
19014:
18999:
18991:
18975:
18968:
18961:
18945:
18944:
18940:
18932:
18924:
18916:
18908:
18900:
18892:
18884:
18876:
18868:
18865:Algiers massacre
18860:
18852:
18849:Massacre of Uman
18844:
18836:
18828:
18809:
18801:
18793:
18785:
18777:
18769:
18761:
18753:
18745:
18737:
18729:
18721:
18705:
18698:
18691:
18684:
18677:
18661:
18660:
18656:
18648:
18640:
18626:
18625:
18610:
18602:
18594:
18578:
18571:
18564:
18548:
18547:
18543:
18540:Granada massacre
18535:
18527:
18524:Córdoba massacre
18504:
18496:
18488:
18480:
18472:
18469:The Great Revolt
18458:
18457:
18453:
18445:
18431:
18430:
18405:
18398:
18391:
18382:
18381:
18366:
18202:Mohammedan Wars
18126:Rabbinic Judaism
18079:Byzantine Empire
18032:Galilee campaign
18012:Judean Civil War
18007:Maccabean Revolt
18000:Wars and revolts
17997:
17996:
17986:Herodian kingdom
17943:Babylonian Yehud
17918:Kingdom of Judah
17855:Military history
17819:
17812:
17805:
17796:
17795:
17761:(closest friend)
17709:Failed assassins
17670:(brother-in-law)
17664:(brother-in-law)
17460:Werner Grothmann
17362:Heinrich Himmler
17355:
17348:
17341:
17332:
17331:
17317:
17309:
17301:
17293:
17285:
17277:
17269:
17261:
17253:
17239:
17233:
17232:
17224:
17216:
17208:
17198:
17190:
17187:Radovan Karadžić
17182:
17174:
17166:
17158:
17150:
17147:Belgrade Process
17142:
17134:
17120:
17114:
17113:
17105:
17097:
17089:
17081:
17078:Treblinka trials
17073:
17065:
17057:
17049:
17041:
17033:
17025:
17017:
17009:
17001:
16993:
16985:
16977:
16969:
16961:
16953:
16945:
16937:
16929:
16921:
16918:Épuration légale
16913:
16905:
16891:
16888:Holocaust trials
16882:
16881:
16870:
16863:
16856:
16849:
16842:
16835:
16828:
16819:
16812:
16805:
16798:
16780:
16773:
16766:
16759:
16752:
16745:
16738:
16729:
16722:
16702:
16695:
16688:
16681:
16672:
16665:
16658:
16651:
16644:
16637:
16635:Ethnic cleansing
16630:
16623:
16605:
16598:
16591:
16584:
16577:
16570:
16563:
16556:
16549:
16542:
16531:
16524:
16517:
16508:
16501:
16479:
16471:
16463:
16455:
16452:Shias under ISIS
16447:
16439:
16431:
16421:
16414:
16406:
16392:
16384:
16383:
16375:
16367:
16357:
16350:
16342:
16334:
16326:
16318:
16310:
16302:
16294:
16286:
16278:
16270:
16262:
16254:
16244:
16237:
16230:
16225:
16217:
16209:
16201:
16193:
16185:
16177:
16169:
16155:
16147:
16146:
16138:
16130:
16122:
16114:
16106:
16098:
16090:
16087:Serbs in Croatia
16082:
16074:
16066:
16058:
16050:
16047:Nanjing Massacre
16042:
16039:Parsley massacre
16034:
16031:Polish Operation
16026:
16023:Romani Holocaust
16018:
16010:
16002:
15994:
15986:
15978:
15970:
15967:Napalpí massacre
15962:
15954:
15946:
15938:
15930:
15920:
15912:
15904:
15896:
15888:
15878:
15871:
15863:
15850:
15842:
15841:
15831:
15823:
15816:
15808:
15800:
15792:
15784:
15776:
15768:
15760:
15752:
15744:
15734:
15726:
15718:
15710:
15702:
15695:
15687:
15677:
15669:
15661:
15654:
15646:
15638:
15630:
15620:
15612:
15604:
15597:
15589:
15581:
15573:
15565:
15557:
15549:
15541:
15533:
15525:
15511:
15503:
15502:
15494:
15486:
15478:
15470:
15462:
15459:Mongol conquests
15454:
15446:
15438:
15428:
15421:
15413:
15405:
15391:
15383:
15382:
15357:
15350:
15343:
15334:
15333:
15201:Zmievskaya Balka
15131:Kaunas June 1941
15088:Dünamünde Action
15025:
15024:
14953:Schutzmannschaft
14872:
14871:
14673:Erich Isselhorst
14613:Wolfgang Birkner
14608:Ernst Biberstein
14580:Einsatzkommandos
14558:Heinrich Seetzen
14503:Walther Bierkamp
14463:
14462:
14451:Einsatzkommandos
14437:
14430:
14423:
14414:
14413:
14398:
14397:
14354:Jean-Marie Loret
14123:Reinhold Hanisch
13991:Wolfsschlucht II
13915:
13914:
13742:
13735:
13728:
13719:
13718:
13706:
13705:
13226:Holocaust denial
13095:Host desecration
12904:Cultural Marxism
12834:Antisemitism and
12813:
12768:New antisemitism
12690:
12683:
12676:
12667:
12666:
12555:Holocaust denial
12533:Nuremberg trials
12523:Postwar violence
12478:
12413:
12412:
12390:
12389:
12352:Special Brigades
12342:Nederlandsche SS
12309:Police Regiments
12233:
12232:
12211:
12210:
12071:Ghetto uprisings
12059:Jewish partisans
12006:Harvest Festival
11978:Holocaust trains
11864:
11863:
11855:
11854:
11842:
11841:
11707:
11706:
11603:
11581:
11563:
11544:
11526:
11349:
11348:
11332:
11331:
11040:
11039:
11025:
11018:
11011:
11002:
11001:
10996:
10969:
10967:
10940:
10922:
10898:
10872:
10863:(4): 1054–1077.
10848:Journal articles
10842:
10816:
10794:
10768:
10762:
10758:
10756:
10748:
10721:
10702:
10700:
10698:
10652:
10630:
10611:
10592:
10566:
10543:
10513:
10494:
10471:
10445:
10418:
10392:
10370:
10348:
10322:
10300:
10265:
10239:
10216:
10190:
10162:
10125:
10099:
10070:
10045:
10018:
9997:Longerich, Peter
9992:
9964:
9939:
9911:
9895:
9869:
9858:. RosettaBooks.
9848:
9822:
9794:
9766:
9734:
9709:
9683:
9657:
9631:
9605:
9577:
9554:Bartrop, Paul R.
9535:
9534:
9532:
9530:
9515:
9509:
9503:
9497:
9496:
9475:
9469:
9463:
9457:
9451:
9445:
9439:
9433:
9427:
9421:
9420:
9399:
9393:
9392:
9374:
9368:
9367:
9361:
9353:
9341:
9330:
9324:
9323:
9304:
9298:
9297:
9279:
9273:
9267:
9261:
9260:
9236:
9230:
9224:
9218:
9212:
9206:
9200:
9191:
9185:
9179:
9173:
9167:
9161:
9155:
9149:
9143:
9137:
9131:
9125:
9119:
9113:
9107:
9101:
9095:
9089:
9083:
9077:
9066:
9065:
9042:
9036:
9035:
9015:
9009:
9008:
8985:
8979:
8978:
8957:
8951:
8945:
8939:
8933:
8927:
8921:
8915:
8909:
8903:
8897:
8891:
8881:
8875:
8865:
8859:
8853:
8847:
8837:
8831:
8825:
8819:
8818:
8816:
8814:
8798:
8792:
8786:
8780:
8774:
8765:
8759:
8753:
8747:
8741:
8735:
8729:
8723:
8717:
8711:
8705:
8699:
8693:
8687:
8681:
8675:
8669:
8663:
8657:
8651:
8645:
8639:
8633:
8627:
8621:
8615:
8609:
8603:
8594:
8588:
8582:
8576:
8570:
8564:
8558:
8552:
8543:
8537:
8524:
8518:
8517:
8493:
8487:
8486:
8484:
8482:
8473:. Archived from
8461:
8455:
8449:
8443:
8437:
8431:
8425:
8419:
8413:
8407:
8406:
8396:
8356:Science Advances
8346:
8340:
8339:
8337:
8335:
8320:
8314:
8313:
8281:
8275:
8269:
8263:
8257:
8251:
8245:
8239:
8233:
8227:
8226:
8224:
8222:
8206:
8200:
8194:
8188:
8182:
8173:
8167:
8161:
8160:
8129:Herf, Jeffrey C.
8125:
8119:
8118:
8091:
8085:
8084:
8064:
8058:
8052:
8043:
8037:
8026:
8020:
8014:
8008:
8002:
7996:
7990:
7984:
7978:
7972:
7966:
7960:
7954:
7948:
7942:
7936:
7930:
7924:
7915:
7909:
7900:
7894:
7885:
7879:
7873:
7867:
7861:
7855:
7849:
7843:
7837:
7831:
7825:
7819:
7813:
7807:
7801:
7795:
7789:
7783:
7777:
7771:
7765:
7759:
7753:
7747:
7741:
7735:
7729:
7723:
7717:
7711:
7705:
7699:
7693:
7687:
7678:
7672:
7666:
7660:
7654:
7648:
7642:
7641:
7639:
7637:
7628:. Archived from
7616:
7610:
7604:
7598:
7592:
7586:
7580:
7574:
7568:
7562:
7556:
7550:
7544:
7538:
7532:
7526:
7520:
7514:
7508:
7502:
7496:
7490:
7484:
7478:
7472:
7466:
7460:
7454:
7448:
7439:
7433:
7427:
7421:
7415:
7409:
7403:
7397:
7391:
7385:
7379:
7373:
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2847:
2841:
2825:
2810:
2804:
2801:
2792:
2766:
2760:
2697:
2654:genocide studies
2650:European history
2619:criminal offense
2388:Rwandan genocide
2367:
2361:
2355:
2349:
2343:
2337:
2331:
2325:
2319:
2279:A mass grave at
2265:fighter aircraft
2122:Soviet partisans
2034:
1995:became notorious
1962:Polish policemen
1860:Abdelkader Mesli
1833:, 25 April 1942.
1786:ghetto uprisings
1659:
1653:hydrogen cyanide
1623:, engine exhaust
1595:, engine exhaust
1567:, engine exhaust
1501:
1497:
1205:Heinrich Himmler
1056:
867:prisoners of war
810:emigration taxes
665:forced abortions
575:racial community
466:Orthodox Judaism
464:, and practiced
428:November pogroms
392:Soviet civilians
334:Jewish survivors
225:six million Jews
145:ethnic cleansing
88:
68:
67:
65:
21:
27340:
27339:
27335:
27334:
27333:
27331:
27330:
27329:
27315:Nazi war crimes
27265:1940s in Europe
27250:
27249:
27248:
27244:from Wikivoyage
27238:
27233:
27231:
27221:
27216:
27214:
27204:
27199:
27197:
27193:from Wikisource
27187:
27182:
27180:
27170:
27165:
27163:
27153:
27148:
27146:
27136:
27131:
27129:
27125:from Wiktionary
27119:
27114:
27112:
27109:
27105:sister projects
27102:at Knowledge's
27096:
27091:
27090:
27085:
27078:
27071:
27057:
27055:
27043:
27034:
27027:
27020:
27013:
27004:
26997:
26990:
26981:
26976:Atomic bombings
26974:
26967:
26960:
26953:
26946:
26937:
26930:
26923:
26916:
26909:
26902:
26895:
26888:
26881:
26874:
26867:
26860:
26853:
26846:
26839:
26832:
26819:
26812:
26801:
26794:
26787:
26778:
26771:
26764:
26757:
26750:
26743:
26734:
26725:
26718:
26709:
26702:
26695:
26688:
26679:
26672:
26667:Eastern Romania
26665:
26660:Warsaw Uprising
26658:
26653:Tannenberg Line
26651:
26644:
26639:Western Ukraine
26637:
26628:
26621:
26612:
26603:
26594:
26587:
26580:
26569:
26560:
26547:
26540:
26531:
26524:
26517:
26510:
26503:
26496:
26489:
26480:
26473:
26466:
26457:
26450:
26443:
26436:
26431:Battle of Kursk
26429:
26422:
26415:
26408:
26401:
26388:
26381:
26372:
26365:
26358:
26349:
26342:
26335:
26328:
26319:
26310:
26303:
26296:
26289:
26282:
26275:
26268:
26261:
26254:
26247:
26242:St Nazaire Raid
26240:
26233:
26226:
26213:
26206:
26199:
26192:
26185:
26178:
26171:
26164:
26157:
26150:
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26122:
26115:
26108:
26101:
26094:
26087:
26080:
26066:
26057:
26050:
26043:
26036:
26029:
26024:Anglo-Iraqi War
26022:
26015:Battle of Crete
26013:
26006:
25999:
25992:
25985:
25972:
25963:
25956:
25949:
25944:Eastern Romania
25942:
25935:
25928:
25921:
25914:
25907:
25900:
25893:
25886:
25879:
25872:
25865:
25858:
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25595:
25586:
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25558:
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25538:
25531:
25522:
25515:
25510:
25505:Western Ukraine
25503:
25496:
25489:
25482:
25475:
25468:
25461:
25454:
25449:Northeast China
25447:
25440:
25433:
25426:
25419:
25412:
25403:
25396:
25389:
25382:
25375:
25368:
25361:
25354:
25347:
25340:
25333:
25326:
25319:
25312:
25305:
25298:
25291:
25284:
25277:
25264:
25257:
25250:
25243:
25236:
25229:
25222:
25215:
25208:
25201:
25194:
25187:
25174:
25167:
25160:
25153:
25148:Slovak Republic
25146:
25138:
25131:
25124:
25119:Empire of Japan
25117:
25108:
25100:
25093:
25086:
25079:
25072:
25065:
25057:
25050:
25043:
25035:
25028:
25015:
25008:
24999:
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24983:
24976:
24969:
24962:
24955:
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24908:
24901:
24894:
24887:
24880:
24873:
24861:
24854:
24847:
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24806:
24799:
24792:
24785:
24778:
24771:
24759:
24752:
24745:
24738:
24731:
24705:
24696:
24689:
24682:
24675:
24664:
24649:
24642:
24635:
24631:Sexual violence
24630:
24623:
24614:
24607:
24600:
24591:
24584:
24577:
24570:
24563:
24554:
24545:
24538:
24531:
24524:
24517:
24510:
24501:
24494:
24487:
24480:
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24446:
24437:
24430:
24423:
24416:
24409:
24400:
24391:
24384:
24377:
24370:
24361:
24354:
24349:Greek Civil War
24347:
24340:
24333:
24326:
24319:
24312:
24305:
24292:
24285:
24276:
24269:
24262:
24253:
24246:
24239:
24232:
24223:
24216:
24209:
24200:
24193:
24186:
24179:
24174:South-East Asia
24172:
24165:
24158:
24145:
24138:
24131:
24124:
24117:
24110:
24103:
24096:
24087:
24080:
24073:
24066:
24059:
24052:
24045:
24038:
24033:Military awards
24031:
24022:
24015:
24008:
23999:
23992:
23985:
23978:
23971:
23964:
23957:
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23943:
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23927:
23920:
23900:
23893:
23886:
23877:
23870:
23863:
23858:
23849:
23842:
23835:
23827:
23822:
23792:
23787:
23777:
23771:
23707:Yazidi genocide
23613:Revival Process
23549:Thích Quảng Đức
23537:Buddhist crisis
23531:Istanbul pogrom
23399:1970–1987
23394:1958–1964
23389:1928–1941
23384:1921–1928
23379:1917–1921
23264:Goa Inquisition
23198:Battle of Tours
23188:(c.550–c. 1200)
23182:(c. 324–c. 491)
23162:
23063:Ethnic violence
23058:Ethnic conflict
23006:
23005:
23004:
22959:minority Muslim
22841:
22832:
22802:
22797:
22759:
22738:Racism in sport
22636:
22630:White supremacy
22469:
22237:
22173:Ethnic conflict
22145:
22139:
22033:Types of racism
22028:
22023:
21993:
21988:
21974:
21973:
21972:
21958:Racial theories
21941:Generalplan Ost
21888:
21882:
21862:
21856:
21855:
21854:
21826:Nazi ideologues
21808:
21807:
21806:
21775:
21770:(United States)
21769:
21756:
21682:
21676:
21673:Romani genocide
21640:
21633:
21632:
21631:
21548:
21547:
21546:
21538:Strasser (Otto)
21428:
21427:
21426:
21401:Gleichschaltung
21394:Totalitarianism
21279:One-party state
21087:Anti-liberalism
21057:
21056:
21055:
20980:Tripartite Pact
20893:Machtergreifung
20861:
20860:
20859:
20745:
20740:
20710:
20701:
20693:
20685:
20677:
20670:
20663:
20656:
20649:
20642:
20635:
20628:
20621:
20614:
20607:
20600:
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20417:
20409:
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20330:
20323:
20316:
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20238:
20205:
20197:
20189:
20181:
20173:
20165:
20157:
20149:
20141:
20126:
20118:
20110:
20102:
20094:
20086:
20080:Antwerp bombing
20078:
20070:
20062:
20047:
20039:
20031:
20023:
20015:
20007:
19999:
19993:Munich massacre
19991:
19983:
19968:
19960:
19952:
19944:
19936:
19928:
19913:
19906:
19891:
19884:
19877:
19870:
19863:
19856:
19841:
19834:
19827:
19820:
19813:
19806:
19791:
19784:
19777:
19770:
19748:
19741:
19734:
19727:
19720:
19713:
19698:
19690:
19683:
19676:
19669:
19654:
19647:
19640:
19633:
19618:
19611:
19604:
19597:
19582:
19574:
19567:
19560:
19553:
19546:
19539:
19532:
19525:
19518:
19511:
19504:
19497:
19490:
19483:
19476:
19469:
19462:
19455:
19448:
19433:
19426:
19411:
19404:
19397:
19390:
19375:
19368:
19361:
19341:
19326:
19322:
19314:
19306:
19298:
19290:
19284:Campbell pogrom
19282:
19276:Hebron massacre
19274:
19266:
19255:
19251:
19243:
19235:
19228:
19221:
19214:
19207:
19200:
19193:
19186:
19179:
19172:
19158:
19151:
19144:
19136:
19128:
19120:
19112:
19104:
19096:
19088:
19080:
19072:
19064:
19056:
19048:
19042:Zablotov pogrom
19040:
19032:
19024:
19002:
18994:
18986:
18978:
18971:
18964:
18957:
18943:
18935:
18927:
18921:Damascus affair
18919:
18911:
18903:
18895:
18887:
18879:
18871:
18863:
18855:
18847:
18839:
18831:
18823:
18812:
18804:
18796:
18788:
18782:Lisbon massacre
18780:
18772:
18764:
18756:
18748:
18740:
18732:
18724:
18716:
18708:
18701:
18694:
18687:
18680:
18673:
18659:
18651:
18643:
18635:
18613:
18605:
18597:
18589:
18581:
18574:
18567:
18560:
18546:
18538:
18530:
18522:
18507:
18499:
18491:
18483:
18475:
18467:
18456:
18448:
18440:
18422:
18409:
18379:
18374:
18364:
18356:
18345:Israeli history
18288:Jewish question
18276:
18189:
18118:Rabbinic period
18108:
18060:
18042:Diaspora revolt
18037:Siege of Masada
17995:
17947:
17889:
17860:Genetic history
17828:
17823:
17793:
17788:
17735:
17704:
17673:
17668:Richard Wendler
17646:(older brother)
17638:Hedwig Potthast
17614:
17540:Romani genocide
17525:
17519:
17483:
17474:(personal aide)
17442:Hedwig Potthast
17394:Reichsführer-SS
17387:
17374:Reichsführer-SS
17364:
17359:
17329:
17320:
17312:
17304:
17296:
17288:
17280:
17274:Uyghur Tribunal
17272:
17264:
17256:
17248:
17240:
17237:
17227:
17219:
17211:
17203:
17193:
17185:
17177:
17169:
17161:
17153:
17145:
17137:
17129:
17121:
17118:
17108:
17100:
17094:Fedorenko trial
17092:
17084:
17076:
17068:
17060:
17052:
17044:
17036:
17028:
17020:
17012:
17004:
16996:
16990:Stutthof trials
16988:
16980:
16972:
16966:Nuremberg trial
16964:
16956:
16948:
16940:
16932:
16926:Majdanek trials
16924:
16916:
16908:
16902:Krasnodar trial
16900:
16892:
16886:
16873:
16866:
16859:
16852:
16845:
16838:
16831:
16824:
16815:
16808:
16801:
16794:
16783:
16776:
16769:
16762:
16755:
16748:
16741:
16734:
16725:
16718:
16705:
16698:
16691:
16684:
16677:
16668:
16661:
16654:
16647:
16640:
16633:
16626:
16619:
16608:
16601:
16594:
16587:
16580:
16573:
16566:
16559:
16552:
16545:
16538:
16527:
16520:
16513:
16504:
16497:
16482:
16474:
16466:
16458:
16450:
16442:
16434:
16428:Southern Kaduna
16426:
16417:
16409:
16401:
16393:
16388:
16378:
16370:
16362:
16353:
16345:
16337:
16329:
16321:
16313:
16305:
16297:
16289:
16281:
16273:
16265:
16257:
16249:
16240:
16233:
16228:
16220:
16212:
16204:
16196:
16188:
16180:
16172:
16164:
16156:
16151:
16141:
16133:
16125:
16117:
16109:
16101:
16093:
16085:
16077:
16069:
16061:
16053:
16045:
16037:
16029:
16021:
16015:Simele massacre
16013:
16005:
15997:
15989:
15981:
15973:
15965:
15957:
15949:
15941:
15933:
15925:
15915:
15907:
15899:
15891:
15883:
15874:
15866:
15859:
15851:
15846:
15836:
15826:
15819:
15811:
15805:Herero and Nama
15803:
15795:
15787:
15779:
15771:
15763:
15755:
15747:
15739:
15729:
15721:
15713:
15705:
15698:
15690:
15682:
15672:
15664:
15657:
15649:
15641:
15633:
15625:
15615:
15607:
15600:
15592:
15584:
15576:
15568:
15560:
15552:
15544:
15536:
15528:
15520:
15512:
15507:
15497:
15489:
15481:
15473:
15465:
15457:
15449:
15441:
15433:
15424:
15416:
15410:Asiatic Vespers
15408:
15400:
15392:
15387:
15374:
15366:
15361:
15331:
15326:
15297:Commissar Order
15271:
15223:
15205:
15182:
15150:
15112:
15108:Liepāja (Šķēde)
15069:
15051:
15012:
14940:
14915:Ordnungspolizei
14859:
14840:Herberts Cukurs
14823:
14777:
14773:Udo von Woyrsch
14738:Hermann Schaper
14733:Emanuel Schäfer
14708:Josef Meisinger
14693:Wolfgang Kügler
14618:Helmut Bischoff
14585:Sonderkommandos
14583:
14578:
14572:
14513:Erich Ehrlinger
14488:
14482:
14454:
14441:
14411:
14406:
14386:
14365:
14274:
14175:
14171:Private library
14158:
14152:
14088:Religious views
14055:
14004:
13998:Führersonderzug
13996:Special train (
13986:Wolfsschlucht I
13910:
13904:
13858:Military career
13846:
13779:Political views
13751:
13746:
13711:
13703:
13698:
13480:
13434:
13432:
13425:
13306:
13295:The Right Stuff
13252:Bible Believers
13240:
13120:
13118:
13111:
13029:
13005:Self-hating Jew
12882:
12863:Nation of Islam
12829:
12699:
12694:
12664:
12651:
12566:
12482:
12476:
12465:Madagascar Plan
12458:Kindertransport
12407:
12406:
12376:
12318:
12290:
12275:Ordnungspolizei
12231:
12218:
12197:
12140:
12092:
12045:
12016:Maly Trostenets
11987:Mass executions
11982:
11952:
11890:
11849:
11824:
11794:
11753:
11691:
11653:
11612:
11601:
11579:
11561:
11542:
11524:
11512:
11469:
11343:
11322:
11242:
11233:Hidden children
11211:
11069:Czechoslovakia
11034:
11029:
10999:
10850:
10845:
10839:
10813:
10791:
10760:
10759:
10750:
10749:
10745:
10718:
10696:
10694:
10684:
10649:
10627:
10608:
10589:
10563:
10540:
10510:
10491:
10468:
10442:
10415:
10389:
10367:
10353:Dean, Martin C.
10345:
10319:
10297:
10279:Assmann, Aleida
10273:
10268:
10262:
10236:
10213:
10187:
10151:
10122:
10096:
10078:, eds. (2002).
10067:
10042:
10015:
9989:
9961:
9936:
9892:
9866:
9819:
9791:
9771:Cesarani, David
9763:
9731:
9706:
9688:Bloxham, Donald
9680:
9654:
9628:
9602:
9574:
9548:
9543:
9538:
9528:
9526:
9525:. 25 April 2022
9517:
9516:
9512:
9504:
9500:
9493:
9476:
9472:
9464:
9460:
9452:
9448:
9440:
9436:
9428:
9424:
9417:
9400:
9396:
9389:
9375:
9371:
9355:
9354:
9350:
9339:
9331:
9327:
9305:
9301:
9294:
9280:
9276:
9270:Kansteiner 2017
9268:
9264:
9237:
9233:
9225:
9221:
9213:
9209:
9203:Kansteiner 2017
9201:
9194:
9188:Kansteiner 2017
9186:
9182:
9174:
9170:
9162:
9158:
9150:
9146:
9138:
9134:
9126:
9122:
9114:
9110:
9102:
9098:
9090:
9086:
9078:
9069:
9062:
9043:
9039:
9032:
9016:
9012:
9005:
8986:
8982:
8975:
8958:
8954:
8946:
8942:
8934:
8930:
8922:
8918:
8910:
8906:
8898:
8894:
8882:
8878:
8866:
8862:
8854:
8850:
8838:
8834:
8826:
8822:
8812:
8810:
8800:
8799:
8795:
8787:
8783:
8775:
8768:
8760:
8756:
8748:
8744:
8736:
8732:
8724:
8720:
8712:
8708:
8700:
8696:
8688:
8684:
8676:
8672:
8664:
8660:
8652:
8648:
8640:
8636:
8628:
8624:
8616:
8612:
8604:
8597:
8589:
8585:
8577:
8573:
8565:
8561:
8553:
8546:
8526:
8525:
8521:
8511:
8494:
8490:
8480:
8478:
8463:
8462:
8458:
8450:
8446:
8438:
8434:
8426:
8422:
8414:
8410:
8363:(1): eaau7292.
8347:
8343:
8333:
8331:
8321:
8317:
8282:
8278:
8270:
8266:
8258:
8254:
8246:
8242:
8234:
8230:
8220:
8218:
8208:
8207:
8203:
8195:
8191:
8183:
8176:
8168:
8164:
8157:
8141:. p. 278.
8126:
8122:
8115:
8092:
8088:
8081:
8065:
8061:
8053:
8046:
8038:
8029:
8021:
8017:
8009:
8005:
7997:
7993:
7985:
7981:
7973:
7969:
7961:
7957:
7949:
7945:
7937:
7933:
7925:
7918:
7910:
7903:
7895:
7888:
7880:
7876:
7868:
7864:
7856:
7852:
7844:
7840:
7832:
7828:
7820:
7816:
7808:
7804:
7796:
7792:
7784:
7780:
7772:
7768:
7760:
7756:
7748:
7744:
7736:
7732:
7724:
7720:
7712:
7708:
7700:
7696:
7688:
7681:
7673:
7669:
7661:
7657:
7649:
7645:
7635:
7633:
7618:
7617:
7613:
7605:
7601:
7593:
7589:
7581:
7577:
7573:, p. 1074.
7569:
7565:
7557:
7553:
7545:
7541:
7533:
7529:
7521:
7517:
7509:
7505:
7497:
7493:
7485:
7481:
7473:
7469:
7461:
7457:
7449:
7442:
7434:
7430:
7426:, p. 1066.
7422:
7418:
7410:
7406:
7398:
7394:
7386:
7382:
7374:
7370:
7362:
7358:
7350:
7346:
7342:, p. 1064.
7338:
7334:
7326:
7322:
7314:
7310:
7302:
7293:
7286:
7278:. p. 369.
7268:
7264:
7257:
7241:. p. 155.
7228:
7224:
7217:
7199:
7192:
7179:
7178:
7174:
7153:
7149:
7141:
7127:
7123:
7112:
7110:
7108:
7089:
7081:
7077:
7069:
7065:
7057:
7053:
7045:
7041:
7033:
7029:
7021:
7017:
7009:
7005:
6997:
6993:
6985:
6981:
6973:
6969:
6961:
6957:
6949:
6945:
6937:
6933:
6925:
6921:
6913:
6909:
6901:
6897:
6889:
6885:
6877:
6873:
6865:
6861:
6853:
6846:
6838:
6834:
6826:
6822:
6814:
6810:
6802:
6798:
6790:
6786:
6778:
6774:
6766:
6762:
6754:
6747:
6739:
6735:
6727:
6723:
6715:
6711:
6703:
6699:
6691:
6687:
6683:, p. 1067.
6679:
6675:
6667:
6663:
6655:
6651:
6643:
6639:
6631:
6624:
6616:
6612:
6604:
6600:
6592:
6588:
6580:
6576:
6570:Westermann 2020
6568:
6564:
6556:
6552:
6546:Westermann 2020
6544:
6540:
6532:
6528:
6524:, p. 1055.
6520:
6516:
6510:Westermann 2020
6508:
6497:
6489:
6485:
6477:
6473:
6465:
6461:
6453:
6449:
6441:
6437:
6429:
6425:
6417:
6413:
6405:
6401:
6393:
6389:
6381:
6377:
6369:
6365:
6357:
6353:
6345:
6341:
6333:
6329:
6321:
6317:
6309:
6305:
6295:
6293:
6280:
6276:
6268:
6264:
6256:
6252:
6244:
6240:
6232:
6228:
6220:
6211:
6203:
6199:
6191:
6187:
6179:
6175:
6167:
6163:
6155:
6151:
6143:
6139:
6131:
6127:
6119:
6115:
6107:
6103:
6095:
6091:
6083:
6079:
6071:
6067:
6059:
6055:
6047:
6043:
6035:
6028:
6020:
6016:
6008:
6001:
5993:
5989:
5981:
5977:
5969:
5965:
5957:
5950:
5942:
5938:
5930:
5923:
5915:
5908:
5902:Lehnstaedt 2021
5900:
5891:
5883:
5874:
5866:
5827:
5819:
5815:
5807:
5803:
5795:
5791:
5783:
5779:
5771:
5767:
5759:
5755:
5747:
5743:
5690:
5686:
5679:
5661:
5657:
5649:
5645:
5637:
5630:
5622:
5618:
5610:
5606:
5598:
5594:
5586:
5582:
5574:
5567:
5559:
5555:
5547:
5543:
5535:
5531:
5523:
5516:
5508:
5504:
5496:
5492:
5484:
5480:
5469:
5462:
5452:Peter Longerich
5450:
5446:
5438:
5431:
5423:
5419:
5411:
5407:
5399:
5392:
5384:
5380:
5372:
5365:
5357:
5353:
5345:
5341:
5333:
5329:
5321:
5310:
5302:
5298:
5290:
5286:
5278:
5274:
5266:
5257:
5249:
5245:
5237:
5233:
5225:
5221:
5213:
5206:
5198:
5194:
5186:
5182:
5174:
5170:
5162:
5158:
5150:
5146:
5138:
5134:
5126:
5122:
5114:
5110:
5102:
5098:
5090:
5086:
5078:
5074:
5066:
5062:
5054:
5050:
5042:
5038:
5030:
5026:
5018:
5011:
5003:
4999:
4991:
4987:
4979:
4970:
4962:
4958:
4950:
4946:
4938:
4934:
4926:
4917:
4909:
4905:
4897:
4893:
4885:
4881:
4873:
4869:
4861:
4857:
4849:
4842:
4834:
4830:
4822:
4818:
4810:
4806:
4798:
4794:
4786:
4782:
4770:
4766:
4758:
4754:
4746:
4742:
4734:
4730:
4722:
4718:
4710:
4703:
4695:
4688:
4680:
4676:
4668:
4661:
4653:
4649:
4641:
4637:
4629:
4625:
4617:
4613:
4605:
4601:
4593:
4589:
4581:
4577:
4569:
4565:
4557:
4553:
4545:
4541:
4533:
4529:
4521:
4517:
4509:
4505:
4497:
4493:
4485:
4481:
4473:
4469:
4461:
4457:
4449:
4445:
4437:
4433:
4425:
4421:
4413:
4409:
4401:
4397:
4389:
4385:
4379:Westermann 2020
4377:
4373:
4365:
4361:
4353:
4349:
4341:
4337:
4329:
4325:
4317:
4308:
4300:
4296:
4288:
4284:
4276:
4272:
4264:
4260:
4252:
4248:
4240:
4236:
4228:
4221:
4213:
4209:
4201:
4197:
4189:
4185:
4177:
4170:
4162:
4153:
4145:
4141:
4133:
4129:
4121:
4117:
4109:
4105:
4097:
4093:
4085:
4081:
4073:
4069:
4061:
4054:
4046:
4042:
4034:
4030:
4022:
4018:
4010:
4006:
3998:
3994:
3986:
3982:
3974:
3970:
3962:
3958:
3950:
3943:
3935:
3931:
3923:
3919:
3911:
3907:
3899:
3895:
3887:
3883:
3875:
3868:
3860:
3851:
3843:
3839:
3831:
3827:
3819:
3815:
3807:
3803:
3795:
3791:
3783:
3779:
3771:
3767:
3759:
3755:
3745:
3743:
3737:
3730:
3722:
3718:
3710:
3706:
3698:
3694:
3686:
3682:
3674:
3670:
3662:
3658:
3650:
3646:
3638:
3634:
3626:
3622:
3614:
3610:
3602:
3598:
3590:
3586:
3578:
3574:
3566:
3559:
3551:
3547:
3539:
3532:
3524:
3520:
3512:
3505:
3497:
3493:
3485:
3481:
3473:
3466:
3458:
3454:
3446:
3442:
3434:
3430:
3422:
3418:
3410:
3403:
3395:
3391:
3383:
3379:
3371:
3367:
3359:
3350:
3342:
3338:
3330:
3326:
3318:
3314:
3306:
3299:
3291:
3287:
3279:
3275:
3267:
3263:
3255:
3248:
3240:
3236:
3228:
3224:
3216:
3212:
3204:
3200:
3192:
3188:
3180:
3176:
3168:
3164:
3156:
3152:
3144:
3140:
3132:
3123:
3115:
3111:
3103:
3096:
3088:
3084:
3076:
3072:
3064:
3060:
3052:
3048:
3040:
3036:
3028:
3024:
3016:
3012:
3004:
3000:
2992:
2988:
2980:
2976:
2968:
2964:
2956:
2952:
2944:
2940:
2932:
2928:
2920:
2916:
2908:
2904:
2896:
2889:
2881:
2877:
2869:
2865:
2861:, p. xxix.
2857:
2850:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2829:
2828:
2811:
2807:
2802:
2795:
2767:
2763:
2698:
2694:
2689:
2571:in Berlin, 2016
2562:
2521:
2512:tried in Israel
2496:23 Nazi leaders
2471:, November 1945
2461:
2455:
2453:Criminal trials
2438:
2433:
2427:
2377:Jewish children
2370:
2369:
2365:
2363:
2359:
2357:
2353:
2351:
2347:
2345:
2341:
2339:
2335:
2333:
2329:
2327:
2323:
2321:
2317:
2308:
2302:
2273:
2197:
2192:
2144:
2138:
2098:
2081:
2009:
2003:
1934:
1928:
1852:the Netherlands
1827:Lublin District
1811:
1732:Security Police
1679:
1673:
1658:
1616:780,863–951,800
1612:Warsaw District
1588:170,618–238,900
1584:Lublin District
1560:440,823–596,200
1556:Lublin District
1516:Planning began
1430:Odilo Globocnik
1399:
1393:
1336:
1292:shot in Ukraine
1195:by April 1942.
1158:
1148:
1070:
1016:Lublin District
990:Krakow District
986:Frysztak Ghetto
978:
972:
921:the Netherlands
853:(armed forces)
830:
713:
707:
701:
609:
476:and usually an
474:Jewish question
412:
364:
358:
261:occupied Poland
137:
107:
66:
50:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
27338:
27328:
27327:
27322:
27317:
27312:
27307:
27302:
27297:
27292:
27287:
27282:
27277:
27272:
27267:
27262:
27247:
27246:
27229:
27212:
27210:from Wikibooks
27195:
27178:
27176:from Wikiquote
27161:
27144:
27127:
27098:
27093:
27092:
27087:
27086:
27084:
27083:
27076:
27069:
27052:
27049:
27048:
27045:
27044:
27042:
27041:
27040:
27039:
27032:
27025:
27011:
27010:
27009:
26995:
26992:South Sakhalin
26988:
26987:
26986:
26972:
26965:
26958:
26951:
26944:
26943:
26942:
26928:
26921:
26914:
26907:
26900:
26893:
26886:
26879:
26872:
26865:
26858:
26851:
26844:
26837:
26829:
26827:
26821:
26820:
26818:
26817:
26810:
26809:
26808:
26792:
26785:
26784:
26783:
26769:
26762:
26755:
26748:
26741:
26732:
26723:
26716:
26707:
26700:
26693:
26686:
26677:
26670:
26663:
26656:
26649:
26642:
26635:
26626:
26619:
26610:
26601:
26592:
26585:
26578:
26567:
26557:
26555:
26549:
26548:
26546:
26545:
26538:
26537:
26536:
26529:
26515:
26508:
26501:
26494:
26487:
26486:
26485:
26471:
26464:
26455:
26448:
26441:
26434:
26427:
26420:
26417:Battle of Attu
26413:
26406:
26398:
26396:
26390:
26389:
26387:
26386:
26379:
26370:
26363:
26356:
26347:
26340:
26333:
26326:
26317:
26316:
26315:
26308:
26294:
26287:
26280:
26273:
26266:
26259:
26252:
26245:
26238:
26231:
26223:
26221:
26215:
26214:
26212:
26211:
26204:
26197:
26190:
26183:
26176:
26169:
26166:Battle of Guam
26162:
26155:
26148:
26141:
26134:
26127:
26120:
26113:
26106:
26099:
26092:
26089:Battle of Kiev
26085:
26078:
26064:
26063:
26062:
26048:
26041:
26034:
26027:
26020:
26019:
26018:
26004:
25997:
25990:
25982:
25980:
25974:
25973:
25971:
25970:
25961:
25954:
25947:
25940:
25933:
25926:
25919:
25912:
25905:
25898:
25891:
25884:
25877:
25870:
25863:
25856:
25849:
25842:
25834:
25832:
25826:
25825:
25823:
25822:
25815:
25808:
25801:
25794:
25787:
25780:
25772:
25770:
25764:
25763:
25761:
25760:
25759:
25758:
25751:
25744:
25737:
25730:
25716:
25715:
25714:
25707:
25693:
25692:
25691:
25676:
25674:
25665:
25659:
25658:
25655:
25654:
25652:
25651:
25644:
25637:
25636:
25635:
25628:
25616:
25615:
25614:
25600:
25593:
25592:
25591:
25588:United Kingdom
25584:
25577:
25576:
25575:
25556:
25548:
25546:
25540:
25539:
25537:
25536:
25529:
25528:
25527:
25520:
25508:
25501:
25494:
25487:
25480:
25473:
25466:
25459:
25452:
25445:
25438:
25431:
25424:
25417:
25410:
25409:
25408:
25401:
25387:
25380:
25373:
25366:
25359:
25352:
25345:
25338:
25331:
25324:
25317:
25310:
25303:
25296:
25289:
25282:
25274:
25272:
25266:
25265:
25263:
25262:
25255:
25248:
25241:
25234:
25227:
25220:
25213:
25206:
25199:
25192:
25184:
25182:
25176:
25175:
25173:
25172:
25165:
25158:
25151:
25144:
25136:
25129:
25122:
25115:
25114:
25113:
25098:
25091:
25084:
25077:
25070:
25063:
25055:
25048:
25041:
25033:
25025:
25023:
25017:
25016:
25014:
25013:
25006:
25005:
25004:
24990:
24989:
24988:
24985:British Empire
24978:United Kingdom
24974:
24967:
24960:
24953:
24946:
24939:
24927:
24920:
24913:
24906:
24899:
24892:
24885:
24878:
24871:
24859:
24852:
24845:
24838:
24831:
24819:
24811:
24804:
24797:
24794:Czechoslovakia
24790:
24783:
24776:
24769:
24757:
24750:
24743:
24736:
24728:
24726:
24717:
24711:
24710:
24707:
24706:
24704:
24703:
24702:
24701:
24694:
24691:Rape of Manila
24687:
24680:
24673:
24662:
24647:
24640:
24628:
24621:
24620:
24619:
24612:
24598:
24597:
24596:
24589:
24582:
24568:
24561:
24560:
24559:
24552:
24551:
24550:
24543:
24529:
24522:
24508:
24507:
24506:
24499:
24492:
24477:
24475:
24469:
24468:
24466:
24465:
24462:United Nations
24458:
24451:
24444:
24443:
24442:
24435:
24428:
24421:
24407:
24398:
24389:
24382:
24375:
24368:
24359:
24352:
24345:
24338:
24331:
24324:
24321:Decolonization
24317:
24310:
24302:
24300:
24294:
24293:
24291:
24290:
24283:
24282:
24281:
24267:
24260:
24259:
24258:
24251:
24244:
24230:
24229:
24228:
24221:
24207:
24206:
24205:
24198:
24191:
24184:
24177:
24170:
24155:
24153:
24147:
24146:
24144:
24143:
24136:
24129:
24122:
24115:
24108:
24101:
24094:
24093:
24092:
24085:
24071:
24064:
24057:
24050:
24043:
24036:
24029:
24028:
24027:
24013:
24006:
24005:
24004:
23997:
23994:United Kingdom
23990:
23976:
23969:
23962:
23955:
23948:
23941:
23934:
23933:
23932:
23917:
23915:
23906:
23902:
23901:
23899:
23898:
23891:
23884:
23883:
23882:
23875:
23868:
23856:
23855:
23854:
23840:
23832:
23829:
23828:
23821:
23820:
23813:
23806:
23798:
23789:
23788:
23776:
23773:
23772:
23770:
23769:
23763:
23758:
23752:
23746:
23740:
23734:
23733:(2016–ongoing)
23728:
23727:(2014–ongoing)
23722:
23716:
23715:(2014–ongoing)
23710:
23704:
23698:
23692:
23691:(2009–ongoing)
23686:
23685:(2004–ongoing)
23680:
23674:
23668:
23662:
23656:
23655:
23654:
23648:
23642:
23630:
23624:
23623:
23622:
23610:
23604:
23598:
23592:
23591:(1971–ongoing)
23586:
23580:
23579:
23578:
23572:
23560:
23559:
23558:
23552:
23546:
23534:
23528:
23527:(1953–ongoing)
23522:
23516:
23515:(1950–ongoing)
23510:
23509:(1949–ongoing)
23504:
23498:
23492:
23491:(1947–ongoing)
23486:
23485:(1947–ongoing)
23480:
23479:(1947–ongoing)
23474:
23468:
23462:
23456:
23453:Noakhali riots
23450:
23444:
23438:
23432:
23426:
23420:
23414:
23408:
23407:
23406:
23401:
23396:
23391:
23386:
23381:
23370:
23364:
23358:
23352:
23351:
23350:
23342:Greek genocide
23339:
23333:
23330:Adana massacre
23327:
23321:
23315:
23309:
23303:
23297:
23291:
23285:
23279:
23273:
23267:
23261:
23255:
23249:
23243:
23237:
23231:
23225:
23219:
23213:
23207:
23201:
23195:
23194:(c.184–c. 205)
23189:
23183:
23177:
23170:
23168:
23164:
23163:
23161:
23160:
23155:
23150:
23145:
23143:State religion
23140:
23135:
23130:
23125:
23120:
23115:
23110:
23105:
23100:
23095:
23090:
23085:
23080:
23075:
23070:
23065:
23060:
23055:
23050:
23048:Discrimination
23045:
23040:
23035:
23030:
23025:
23020:
23014:
23012:
23008:
23007:
23003:
23002:
23000:Zoroastrianism
22997:
22992:
22987:
22982:
22977:
22976:
22975:
22965:
22964:
22963:
22962:
22961:
22956:
22951:
22946:
22941:
22926:
22925:
22924:
22922:Untouchability
22919:
22909:
22904:
22903:
22902:
22897:
22892:
22887:
22882:
22872:
22867:
22862:
22857:
22851:
22850:
22849:
22847:
22843:
22842:
22839:discrimination
22831:
22830:
22823:
22816:
22808:
22799:
22798:
22796:
22795:
22785:
22775:
22764:
22761:
22760:
22758:
22757:
22752:
22750:Reverse racism
22747:
22746:
22745:
22735:
22730:
22725:
22723:Racial figleaf
22720:
22715:
22710:
22705:
22700:
22695:
22690:
22685:
22680:
22675:
22670:
22665:
22660:
22655:
22650:
22644:
22642:
22641:Related topics
22638:
22637:
22635:
22634:
22633:
22632:
22622:
22617:
22612:
22607:
22602:
22600:Middle Eastern
22597:
22592:
22591:
22590:
22585:
22575:
22574:
22573:
22563:
22558:
22557:
22556:
22551:
22541:
22540:
22539:
22534:
22533:
22532:
22522:
22521:
22520:
22515:
22505:
22504:
22503:
22498:
22483:
22477:
22475:
22471:
22470:
22468:
22467:
22466:
22465:
22460:
22455:
22445:
22444:
22443:
22438:
22433:
22423:
22422:
22421:
22416:
22411:
22406:
22396:
22395:
22394:
22392:United Kingdom
22389:
22384:
22379:
22374:
22369:
22364:
22359:
22354:
22349:
22344:
22334:
22329:
22328:
22327:
22322:
22317:
22307:
22306:
22305:
22300:
22295:
22290:
22285:
22280:
22270:
22269:
22268:
22263:
22253:
22247:
22245:
22239:
22238:
22236:
22235:
22230:
22225:
22220:
22215:
22210:
22205:
22200:
22195:
22190:
22185:
22180:
22175:
22170:
22165:
22160:
22155:
22149:
22147:
22144:Manifestations
22141:
22140:
22138:
22137:
22132:
22127:
22122:
22117:
22112:
22107:
22102:
22097:
22092:
22087:
22082:
22077:
22072:
22067:
22062:
22057:
22052:
22047:
22042:
22036:
22034:
22030:
22029:
22022:
22021:
22014:
22007:
21999:
21990:
21989:
21979:
21976:
21975:
21971:
21970:
21965:
21960:
21955:
21950:
21945:
21936:
21927:
21922:
21917:
21915:Beefsteak Nazi
21912:
21911:
21910:
21905:
21894:
21893:
21892:
21890:
21884:
21883:
21881:
21876:
21871:
21866:
21864:
21863:German society
21858:
21857:
21853:
21848:
21843:
21838:
21833:
21828:
21823:
21818:
21817:
21816:
21814:
21810:
21809:
21805:
21804:
21799:
21794:
21789:
21784:
21779:
21772:
21765:
21760:
21753:
21748:
21743:
21738:
21733:
21722:
21721:
21720:
21719:
21714:
21706:
21705:
21704:
21699:
21688:
21687:
21686:
21684:
21678:
21677:
21675:
21670:
21665:
21663:Final Solution
21660:
21655:
21650:
21645:
21643:
21641:and war crimes
21635:
21634:
21630:
21625:
21620:
21615:
21610:
21605:
21603:von Liebenfels
21600:
21595:
21590:
21585:
21580:
21575:
21570:
21565:
21560:
21559:
21558:
21556:
21550:
21549:
21545:
21540:
21535:
21530:
21525:
21520:
21515:
21513:von Ribbentrop
21510:
21505:
21500:
21495:
21490:
21485:
21480:
21475:
21470:
21465:
21460:
21455:
21450:
21445:
21440:
21439:
21438:
21436:
21430:
21429:
21425:
21416:
21407:
21406:
21405:
21391:
21386:
21381:
21376:
21371:
21366:
21361:
21360:
21359:
21354:
21349:
21340:
21331:
21326:
21321:
21316:
21311:
21306:
21296:
21291:
21286:
21281:
21276:
21271:
21266:
21265:
21264:
21259:
21254:
21249:
21239:
21234:
21232:Indoctrination
21229:
21228:
21227:
21222:
21213:
21209:Heim ins Reich
21204:
21194:
21185:
21176:
21171:
21166:
21161:
21160:
21159:
21145:
21140:
21135:
21134:
21133:
21128:
21114:
21109:
21104:
21102:Blood and soil
21099:
21094:
21089:
21084:
21079:
21077:Anti-communism
21074:
21069:
21068:
21067:
21065:
21059:
21058:
21054:
21053:
21048:
21043:
21038:
21033:
21028:
21023:
21018:
21016:Doctors' Trial
21013:
21008:
21000:Final solution
20997:
20992:
20987:
20985:Denazification
20982:
20977:
20974:
20969:
20960:
20951:
20946:
20944:Nuremberg Laws
20941:
20936:
20931:
20926:
20921:
20912:
20907:
20902:
20897:
20888:
20883:
20878:
20876:Early timeline
20873:
20872:
20871:
20869:
20863:
20862:
20858:
20857:
20847:
20842:Sturmabteilung
20837:
20832:
20823:
20818:
20813:
20808:
20803:
20798:
20793:
20788:
20783:
20774:
20765:
20755:
20754:
20753:
20751:
20747:
20746:
20739:
20738:
20731:
20724:
20716:
20707:
20706:
20703:
20702:
20700:
20699:
20691:
20682:
20679:
20678:
20676:
20675:
20668:
20661:
20654:
20647:
20640:
20633:
20626:
20619:
20612:
20605:
20597:
20595:
20586:
20585:
20577:
20568:
20566:
20562:
20561:
20559:
20558:
20550:
20542:
20534:
20526:
20518:
20510:
20502:
20494:
20486:
20478:
20470:
20462:
20453:
20451:
20447:
20446:
20443:
20442:
20440:
20439:
20431:
20423:
20415:
20406:
20404:
20396:
20395:
20393:
20392:
20385:
20378:
20371:
20364:
20357:
20350:
20342:
20340:
20332:
20331:
20329:
20328:
20321:
20318:Matzuva attack
20314:
20307:
20300:
20293:
20286:
20279:
20272:
20264:
20262:
20254:
20253:
20251:
20250:
20243:
20235:
20233:
20226:
20219:
20215:
20214:
20211:
20210:
20207:
20206:
20204:
20203:
20195:
20187:
20183:Purim massacre
20179:
20171:
20163:
20155:
20147:
20138:
20136:
20128:
20127:
20125:
20124:
20120:Purim stabbing
20116:
20108:
20100:
20092:
20084:
20076:
20068:
20059:
20057:
20049:
20048:
20046:
20045:
20037:
20029:
20021:
20013:
20005:
19997:
19989:
19980:
19978:
19970:
19969:
19967:
19966:
19958:
19954:Tripoli pogrom
19950:
19942:
19934:
19925:
19923:
19915:
19914:
19912:
19911:
19903:
19901:
19893:
19892:
19890:
19889:
19882:
19879:Cairo bombings
19875:
19868:
19861:
19853:
19851:
19843:
19842:
19840:
19839:
19832:
19825:
19818:
19811:
19803:
19801:
19793:
19792:
19790:
19789:
19782:
19775:
19767:
19765:
19758:
19754:
19753:
19750:
19749:
19747:
19746:
19739:
19732:
19725:
19718:
19710:
19708:
19700:
19699:
19697:
19696:
19688:
19681:
19678:Luduș massacre
19674:
19666:
19664:
19656:
19655:
19653:
19652:
19645:
19638:
19630:
19628:
19620:
19619:
19617:
19616:
19613:Sarny massacre
19609:
19602:
19594:
19592:
19584:
19583:
19581:
19580:
19572:
19565:
19558:
19551:
19544:
19537:
19530:
19523:
19516:
19509:
19502:
19495:
19488:
19481:
19474:
19467:
19460:
19453:
19445:
19443:
19435:
19434:
19432:
19431:
19428:Dorohoi pogrom
19423:
19421:
19413:
19412:
19410:
19409:
19402:
19399:Dynów massacre
19395:
19387:
19385:
19377:
19376:
19374:
19373:
19366:
19358:
19356:
19349:
19343:
19342:
19340:
19339:
19320:
19316:Przytyk pogrom
19312:
19304:
19300:Thrace pogroms
19296:
19288:
19280:
19272:
19268:Safed massacre
19264:
19249:
19240:
19237:
19236:
19234:
19233:
19226:
19219:
19212:
19205:
19198:
19191:
19184:
19177:
19169:
19167:
19157:
19156:
19149:
19142:
19134:
19126:
19118:
19110:
19102:
19094:
19086:
19082:Siedlce pogrom
19078:
19070:
19062:
19054:
19046:
19038:
19030:
19021:
19019:
19012:
19008:
19007:
19004:
19003:
19001:
19000:
18992:
18983:
18980:
18979:
18977:
18976:
18969:
18962:
18954:
18952:
18949:Russian Empire
18942:
18941:
18933:
18925:
18917:
18909:
18905:Safed massacre
18901:
18893:
18885:
18877:
18869:
18861:
18857:Tétouan pogrom
18853:
18845:
18837:
18833:Safed massacre
18829:
18820:
18818:
18814:
18813:
18811:
18810:
18802:
18794:
18786:
18778:
18770:
18762:
18754:
18750:Cordoba pogrom
18746:
18738:
18730:
18722:
18713:
18710:
18709:
18707:
18706:
18699:
18692:
18685:
18678:
18670:
18668:
18658:
18657:
18649:
18645:Navarre pogrom
18641:
18632:
18630:
18623:
18619:
18618:
18615:
18614:
18612:
18611:
18603:
18595:
18586:
18583:
18582:
18580:
18579:
18572:
18565:
18557:
18555:
18545:
18544:
18536:
18528:
18519:
18517:
18513:
18512:
18509:
18508:
18506:
18505:
18497:
18489:
18481:
18473:
18464:
18462:
18461:Jewish revolts
18455:
18454:
18446:
18437:
18435:
18428:
18424:
18423:
18408:
18407:
18400:
18393:
18385:
18376:
18375:
18373:
18372:
18367:
18361:
18358:
18357:
18355:
18354:
18353:
18352:
18342:
18341:
18340:
18335:
18325:
18320:
18315:
18310:
18308:Reform Judaism
18305:
18300:
18295:
18290:
18284:
18282:
18278:
18277:
18275:
18274:
18269:
18267:Ottoman Empire
18264:
18263:
18262:
18252:
18247:
18242:
18241:
18240:
18235:
18225:
18224:
18223:
18218:
18213:
18208:
18199:
18197:
18191:
18190:
18188:
18187:
18182:
18177:
18172:
18171:
18170:
18165:
18160:
18155:
18145:
18140:
18135:
18134:
18133:
18122:
18120:
18114:
18113:
18110:
18109:
18107:
18106:
18101:
18096:
18091:
18086:
18081:
18076:
18070:
18068:
18062:
18061:
18059:
18058:
18057:
18056:
18051:
18050:
18049:
18039:
18034:
18029:
18024:
18014:
18009:
18003:
18001:
17994:
17993:
17988:
17983:
17978:
17976:Yehud Medinata
17973:
17968:
17963:
17957:
17955:
17949:
17948:
17946:
17945:
17940:
17935:
17930:
17925:
17920:
17915:
17910:
17905:
17899:
17897:
17891:
17890:
17888:
17887:
17882:
17877:
17872:
17867:
17862:
17857:
17852:
17847:
17842:
17840:Historiography
17836:
17834:
17830:
17829:
17826:Jewish history
17822:
17821:
17814:
17807:
17799:
17790:
17789:
17787:
17786:
17780:
17774:
17768:
17762:
17756:
17750:
17743:
17741:
17737:
17736:
17734:
17733:
17728:
17723:
17718:
17716:Václav Morávek
17712:
17710:
17706:
17705:
17703:
17702:
17697:
17692:
17687:
17681:
17679:
17675:
17674:
17672:
17671:
17665:
17659:
17656:Katrin Himmler
17653:
17647:
17644:Gebhard Ludwig
17641:
17635:
17632:Gudrun Burwitz
17629:
17622:
17620:
17616:
17615:
17613:
17612:
17607:
17605:Posen speeches
17602:
17597:
17592:
17587:
17582:
17577:
17572:
17567:
17562:
17557:
17552:
17547:
17542:
17537:
17531:
17529:
17521:
17520:
17518:
17517:
17512:
17507:
17502:
17497:
17491:
17489:
17485:
17484:
17482:
17481:
17475:
17469:
17463:
17462:(aide-de-camp)
17457:
17451:
17445:
17439:
17433:
17427:
17421:
17416:
17410:
17405:
17399:
17397:
17389:
17388:
17386:
17385:
17380:
17377:
17369:
17366:
17365:
17358:
17357:
17350:
17343:
17335:
17326:
17325:
17322:
17321:
17319:
17318:
17310:
17302:
17294:
17286:
17278:
17270:
17262:
17254:
17245:
17242:
17241:
17229:
17228:
17226:
17225:
17217:
17209:
17201:
17200:
17199:
17191:
17183:
17167:
17159:
17151:
17143:
17135:
17126:
17123:
17122:
17110:
17109:
17107:
17106:
17098:
17090:
17082:
17074:
17066:
17058:
17054:Eichmann trial
17050:
17042:
17034:
17026:
17018:
17010:
17002:
16994:
16986:
16978:
16970:
16962:
16954:
16946:
16938:
16934:Chełmno trials
16930:
16922:
16914:
16906:
16897:
16894:
16893:
16879:
16875:
16874:
16872:
16871:
16864:
16857:
16850:
16843:
16836:
16829:
16822:
16821:
16820:
16813:
16806:
16791:
16789:
16785:
16784:
16782:
16781:
16774:
16767:
16760:
16753:
16746:
16739:
16732:
16731:
16730:
16727:Trivialization
16715:
16713:
16707:
16706:
16704:
16703:
16696:
16689:
16682:
16675:
16674:
16673:
16666:
16663:Killing Fields
16652:
16645:
16638:
16631:
16624:
16616:
16614:
16610:
16609:
16607:
16606:
16599:
16592:
16585:
16578:
16571:
16564:
16557:
16550:
16543:
16536:
16535:
16534:
16533:
16532:
16511:
16510:
16509:
16494:
16492:
16488:
16487:
16484:
16483:
16481:
16480:
16472:
16464:
16456:
16448:
16440:
16432:
16424:
16423:
16422:
16407:
16398:
16395:
16394:
16380:
16379:
16377:
16376:
16368:
16360:
16359:
16358:
16343:
16335:
16327:
16319:
16311:
16303:
16299:Kuwaiti Bedoon
16295:
16287:
16279:
16271:
16263:
16255:
16247:
16246:
16245:
16238:
16226:
16218:
16210:
16202:
16194:
16186:
16178:
16170:
16161:
16158:
16157:
16143:
16142:
16140:
16139:
16135:Crimean Tatars
16131:
16123:
16115:
16107:
16099:
16091:
16083:
16075:
16067:
16059:
16051:
16043:
16035:
16027:
16019:
16011:
16003:
15995:
15987:
15979:
15971:
15963:
15959:Kantō Massacre
15955:
15947:
15939:
15931:
15923:
15922:
15921:
15913:
15905:
15897:
15889:
15881:
15880:
15879:
15856:
15853:
15852:
15838:
15837:
15835:
15834:
15833:
15832:
15817:
15809:
15801:
15793:
15785:
15777:
15769:
15761:
15753:
15745:
15737:
15736:
15735:
15727:
15719:
15715:Trail of Tears
15711:
15707:Indian removal
15696:
15688:
15680:
15679:
15678:
15670:
15655:
15647:
15639:
15631:
15623:
15622:
15621:
15613:
15598:
15590:
15582:
15574:
15566:
15558:
15550:
15546:Kashmiri Shias
15542:
15534:
15526:
15517:
15514:
15513:
15499:
15498:
15496:
15495:
15487:
15479:
15471:
15463:
15455:
15447:
15439:
15431:
15430:
15429:
15414:
15406:
15397:
15394:
15393:
15380:
15368:
15367:
15360:
15359:
15352:
15345:
15337:
15328:
15327:
15325:
15324:
15319:
15314:
15312:Korherr Report
15309:
15304:
15299:
15294:
15292:The Black Book
15289:
15283:
15281:
15277:
15276:
15273:
15272:
15270:
15269:
15264:
15259:
15254:
15249:
15244:
15239:
15233:
15231:
15225:
15224:
15222:
15221:
15215:
15213:
15207:
15206:
15204:
15203:
15198:
15192:
15190:
15184:
15183:
15181:
15180:
15173:
15166:
15160:
15158:
15152:
15151:
15149:
15148:
15143:
15138:
15133:
15128:
15122:
15120:
15114:
15113:
15111:
15110:
15105:
15100:
15095:
15090:
15085:
15079:
15077:
15071:
15070:
15068:
15067:
15061:
15059:
15053:
15052:
15050:
15049:
15044:
15039:
15033:
15031:
15022:
15018:
15017:
15014:
15013:
15011:
15010:
15003:
14998:
14990:
14985:
14977:
14948:
14946:
14942:
14941:
14939:
14938:
14931:
14924:
14919:
14911:
14903:
14895:
14887:
14878:
14876:
14869:
14865:
14864:
14861:
14860:
14858:
14857:
14852:
14850:Konrāds Kalējs
14847:
14842:
14837:
14831:
14829:
14825:
14824:
14822:
14821:
14819:Albert Widmann
14816:
14814:Heinz Schubert
14811:
14806:
14804:Emil Haussmann
14801:
14799:Joachim Hamann
14796:
14794:Lothar Fendler
14791:
14785:
14783:
14779:
14778:
14776:
14775:
14770:
14765:
14763:Eduard Strauch
14760:
14755:
14750:
14745:
14740:
14735:
14730:
14725:
14720:
14715:
14710:
14705:
14700:
14695:
14690:
14685:
14680:
14675:
14670:
14665:
14663:Gerhard Flesch
14660:
14655:
14650:
14645:
14640:
14638:Otto Bradfisch
14635:
14630:
14625:
14620:
14615:
14610:
14605:
14600:
14595:
14589:
14587:
14574:
14573:
14571:
14570:
14565:
14560:
14555:
14550:
14545:
14543:Otto Ohlendorf
14540:
14535:
14530:
14525:
14520:
14515:
14510:
14505:
14500:
14494:
14492:
14490:Einsatzgruppen
14487:Commanders of
14484:
14483:
14481:
14480:
14475:
14469:
14467:
14460:
14456:
14455:
14445:Einsatzgruppen
14440:
14439:
14432:
14425:
14417:
14408:
14407:
14405:
14404:
14391:
14388:
14387:
14385:
14384:
14379:
14373:
14371:
14367:
14366:
14364:
14363:
14357:
14351:
14345:
14339:
14333:
14327:
14321:
14315:
14309:
14303:
14297:
14291:
14284:
14282:
14276:
14275:
14273:
14272:
14265:
14258:
14251:
14244:
14237:
14235:Hitler Diaries
14232:
14225:
14218:
14211:
14204:
14199:
14194:
14189:
14183:
14181:
14177:
14176:
14174:
14173:
14168:
14166:Hitler's Globe
14162:
14160:
14154:
14153:
14151:
14150:
14145:
14140:
14135:
14130:
14125:
14120:
14115:
14113:August Kubizek
14110:
14105:
14100:
14095:
14090:
14085:
14080:
14079:
14078:
14067:
14065:
14061:
14060:
14057:
14056:
14054:
14053:
14043:
14033:
14023:
14018:
14016:Braunau am Inn
14012:
14010:
14006:
14005:
14003:
14002:
13993:
13988:
13983:
13978:
13973:
13968:
13963:
13958:
13953:
13937:
13926:
13924:
13912:
13906:
13905:
13903:
13902:
13901:
13900:
13890:
13885:
13880:
13875:
13870:
13868:Hitler cabinet
13865:
13860:
13854:
13852:
13848:
13847:
13845:
13844:
13839:
13834:
13829:
13822:
13821:
13820:
13815:
13803:
13798:
13793:
13792:
13791:
13781:
13776:
13775:
13774:
13759:
13757:
13753:
13752:
13745:
13744:
13737:
13730:
13722:
13716:
13713:
13712:
13700:
13699:
13697:
13696:
13691:
13690:
13689:
13684:
13674:
13669:
13664:
13659:
13654:
13649:
13644:
13639:
13638:
13637:
13636:
13635:
13630:
13623:United Kingdom
13620:
13615:
13610:
13605:
13604:
13603:
13598:
13588:
13583:
13578:
13573:
13568:
13563:
13558:
13557:
13556:
13546:
13541:
13531:
13526:
13521:
13516:
13511:
13506:
13501:
13500:
13499:
13488:
13486:
13482:
13481:
13479:
13478:
13473:
13468:
13463:
13458:
13453:
13448:
13443:
13437:
13435:
13430:
13427:
13426:
13424:
13423:
13418:
13417:
13416:
13406:
13401:
13396:
13391:
13386:
13384:Nuremberg Laws
13381:
13376:
13369:
13364:
13359:
13354:
13353:
13352:
13347:
13340:Jewish quarter
13337:
13332:
13327:
13322:
13316:
13314:
13308:
13307:
13305:
13304:
13299:
13291:
13286:
13281:
13276:
13271:
13266:
13261:
13254:
13248:
13246:
13242:
13241:
13239:
13238:
13236:ZOG conspiracy
13233:
13228:
13223:
13218:
13213:
13208:
13203:
13202:
13201:
13196:
13194:Final Solution
13186:
13181:
13180:
13179:
13169:
13164:
13159:
13154:
13149:
13144:
13139:
13134:
13129:
13127:Ghetto benches
13123:
13121:
13116:
13113:
13112:
13110:
13109:
13104:
13097:
13092:
13087:
13082:
13077:
13072:
13071:
13070:
13065:
13060:
13050:
13048:Jewish deicide
13045:
13039:
13037:
13031:
13030:
13028:
13027:
13022:
13017:
13012:
13007:
13002:
12995:
12994:
12993:
12981:
12976:
12969:
12964:
12963:
12962:
12957:
12945:
12940:
12935:
12934:
12933:
12923:
12916:
12911:
12906:
12901:
12896:
12890:
12888:
12887:Related topics
12884:
12883:
12881:
12880:
12875:
12870:
12865:
12860:
12855:
12850:
12849:
12848:
12837:
12835:
12831:
12830:
12828:
12827:
12826:
12825:
12820:
12815:
12802:
12797:
12792:
12787:
12782:
12781:
12780:
12775:
12765:
12764:
12763:
12758:
12753:
12743:
12738:
12733:
12728:
12723:
12718:
12713:
12707:
12705:
12701:
12700:
12693:
12692:
12685:
12678:
12670:
12661:
12660:
12657:
12656:
12653:
12652:
12650:
12649:
12642:
12637:
12632:
12627:
12622:
12617:
12612:
12607:
12602:
12601:
12600:
12590:
12585:
12580:
12574:
12572:
12568:
12567:
12565:
12564:
12563:
12562:
12560:trivialization
12552:
12551:
12550:
12540:
12538:Eichmann trial
12535:
12530:
12525:
12520:
12519:
12518:
12513:
12508:
12498:
12492:
12490:
12484:
12483:
12481:
12480:
12472:
12467:
12462:
12461:
12460:
12450:
12445:
12440:
12435:
12433:Nuremberg Laws
12430:
12425:
12419:
12417:
12416:Early elements
12409:
12408:
12405:
12404:
12401:
12398:
12397:Early elements
12394:
12386:
12385:
12382:
12381:
12378:
12377:
12375:
12374:
12369:
12364:
12359:
12354:
12349:
12344:
12339:
12334:
12332:Arajs Kommando
12328:
12326:
12320:
12319:
12317:
12316:
12311:
12306:
12303:Einsatzgruppen
12298:
12296:
12292:
12291:
12289:
12288:
12283:
12278:
12272:
12266:
12265:
12264:
12253:
12245:
12239:
12237:
12230:
12229:
12223:
12220:
12219:
12216:Responsibility
12207:
12206:
12203:
12202:
12199:
12198:
12196:
12195:
12190:
12185:
12180:
12175:
12170:
12165:
12160:
12154:
12152:
12146:
12145:
12142:
12141:
12139:
12138:
12133:
12128:
12123:
12118:
12113:
12108:
12102:
12100:
12094:
12093:
12091:
12090:
12089:
12088:
12083:
12078:
12068:
12067:
12066:
12055:
12053:
12047:
12046:
12044:
12043:
12038:
12033:
12028:
12023:
12018:
12013:
12008:
12003:
11998:
11995:Einsatzgruppen
11990:
11988:
11984:
11983:
11981:
11980:
11975:
11970:
11964:
11962:
11959:Final Solution
11954:
11953:
11951:
11950:
11949:
11948:
11938:
11937:
11936:
11931:
11921:
11916:
11911:
11906:
11898:
11896:
11892:
11891:
11889:
11888:
11883:
11878:
11872:
11870:
11861:
11851:
11850:
11838:
11837:
11834:
11833:
11830:
11829:
11826:
11825:
11823:
11822:
11820:Ústredňa Židov
11817:
11812:
11806:
11804:
11796:
11795:
11793:
11792:
11787:
11785:Theresienstadt
11782:
11777:
11772:
11767:
11761:
11759:
11755:
11754:
11752:
11751:
11746:
11741:
11736:
11731:
11726:
11721:
11715:
11713:
11704:
11693:
11692:
11690:
11689:
11682:
11675:
11670:
11661:
11659:
11655:
11654:
11652:
11651:
11646:
11641:
11636:
11631:
11626:
11624:Einsatzgruppen
11620:
11618:
11614:
11613:
11611:
11610:
11605:
11598:
11593:
11588:
11583:
11576:
11571:
11566:
11557:
11552:
11547:
11538:
11533:
11528:
11520:
11518:
11514:
11513:
11511:
11510:
11505:
11500:
11495:
11490:
11485:
11479:
11477:
11471:
11470:
11468:
11467:
11462:
11457:
11452:
11447:
11442:
11437:
11432:
11430:Mittelbau-Dora
11427:
11418:
11413:
11411:Kraków-Płaszów
11408:
11403:
11398:
11393:
11388:
11383:
11378:
11373:
11368:
11363:
11357:
11355:
11345:
11344:
11328:
11327:
11324:
11323:
11321:
11320:
11319:
11318:
11313:
11308:
11301:Rescue of Jews
11298:
11297:
11296:
11291:
11286:
11281:
11276:
11271:
11266:
11261:
11250:
11248:
11244:
11243:
11241:
11240:
11235:
11230:
11225:
11219:
11217:
11213:
11212:
11210:
11209:
11208:
11207:
11202:
11194:
11193:
11192:
11187:
11182:
11172:
11167:
11162:
11157:
11152:
11147:
11142:
11137:
11136:
11135:
11124:
11119:
11118:
11117:
11107:
11102:
11097:
11092:
11087:
11086:
11085:
11080:
11075:
11067:
11062:
11057:
11052:
11046:
11044:
11036:
11035:
11028:
11027:
11020:
11013:
11005:
10998:
10997:
10987:(4): 459–478.
10970:
10958:(2): 222–242.
10941:
10913:(132): 62–70.
10899:
10889:(2–3): 73–94.
10873:
10851:
10849:
10846:
10844:
10843:
10837:
10817:
10811:
10795:
10789:
10773:Weitz, Eric D.
10769:
10761:|journal=
10743:
10722:
10716:
10703:
10682:
10653:
10647:
10631:
10625:
10612:
10606:
10593:
10587:
10567:
10561:
10544:
10538:
10514:
10508:
10495:
10489:
10472:
10466:
10446:
10440:
10432:Berghahn Books
10419:
10413:
10393:
10387:
10371:
10365:
10349:
10343:
10323:
10317:
10301:
10295:
10274:
10272:
10269:
10267:
10266:
10260:
10240:
10234:
10217:
10211:
10191:
10185:
10163:
10149:
10126:
10120:
10100:
10094:
10071:
10065:
10046:
10040:
10019:
10013:
9993:
9987:
9965:
9959:
9940:
9934:
9912:
9896:
9890:
9870:
9864:
9849:
9823:
9817:
9795:
9789:
9767:
9761:
9735:
9729:
9710:
9704:
9684:
9678:
9658:
9652:
9632:
9626:
9606:
9600:
9578:
9572:
9549:
9547:
9544:
9542:
9539:
9537:
9536:
9510:
9498:
9492:978-0801486814
9491:
9470:
9466:Sutcliffe 2022
9458:
9456:, p. 119.
9454:Rosenfeld 2015
9446:
9434:
9422:
9415:
9403:Moses, A. Dirk
9394:
9387:
9369:
9348:
9325:
9299:
9292:
9274:
9272:, p. 305.
9262:
9231:
9229:, p. 103.
9219:
9207:
9205:, p. 308.
9192:
9180:
9178:, p. 191.
9168:
9164:Rosenfeld 2015
9156:
9144:
9140:Rosenfeld 2015
9132:
9130:, p. 185.
9120:
9116:Rosenfeld 2015
9108:
9106:, p. 104.
9096:
9092:Sutcliffe 2022
9084:
9082:, p. 288.
9067:
9060:
9046:Benz, Wolfgang
9037:
9030:
9010:
9003:
8980:
8973:
8961:Moses, A. Dirk
8952:
8950:, p. 110.
8940:
8936:Rosenfeld 2015
8928:
8916:
8904:
8902:, p. 556.
8892:
8890:, p. 485.
8876:
8874:, p. 487.
8860:
8858:, p. 552.
8848:
8832:
8820:
8793:
8781:
8779:, p. 548.
8766:
8754:
8742:
8730:
8718:
8716:, p. 184.
8706:
8704:, p. 534.
8694:
8692:, p. 525.
8682:
8680:, p. 177.
8670:
8668:, p. 176.
8658:
8656:, p. 524.
8646:
8644:, p. 174.
8634:
8632:, p. 521.
8622:
8610:
8608:, p. 509.
8595:
8583:
8571:
8559:
8544:
8519:
8509:
8497:Martin Gilbert
8488:
8477:on 4 June 2024
8456:
8454:, p. 210.
8444:
8442:, p. 191.
8432:
8430:, p. 207.
8420:
8418:, p. 100.
8408:
8341:
8315:
8276:
8264:
8252:
8240:
8238:, p. 407.
8228:
8201:
8199:, p. 404.
8189:
8187:, p. 155.
8174:
8162:
8155:
8120:
8113:
8095:Benz, Wolfgang
8086:
8079:
8059:
8057:, p. 214.
8044:
8042:, p. 215.
8027:
8025:, p. 178.
8015:
8003:
8001:, p. 418.
7999:Longerich 2010
7991:
7989:, p. 235.
7979:
7977:, p. 233.
7967:
7965:, p. 272.
7955:
7951:Longerich 2010
7943:
7941:, p. 116.
7931:
7929:, p. 415.
7927:Longerich 2010
7916:
7914:, p. 234.
7901:
7899:, p. 414.
7897:Longerich 2010
7886:
7882:Longerich 2010
7874:
7872:, p. 188.
7862:
7860:, p. 457.
7858:Wachsmann 2015
7850:
7848:, p. 114.
7838:
7836:, p. 193.
7826:
7814:
7812:, p. 103.
7802:
7800:, p. 221.
7790:
7786:Longerich 2010
7778:
7776:, p. 302.
7766:
7764:, p. 102.
7754:
7752:, p. 113.
7742:
7738:Longerich 2010
7730:
7728:, p. 391.
7726:Longerich 2010
7718:
7716:, p. 196.
7706:
7704:, p. 266.
7694:
7692:, p. 408.
7690:Longerich 2010
7679:
7667:
7655:
7643:
7611:
7609:, p. 393.
7607:Messenger 2020
7599:
7587:
7585:, p. 140.
7575:
7563:
7561:, p. 243.
7551:
7539:
7537:, p. 242.
7527:
7525:, p. 648.
7515:
7513:, p. 290.
7503:
7501:, p. 417.
7491:
7479:
7467:
7465:, p. 269.
7455:
7453:, p. 206.
7440:
7438:, p. 360.
7428:
7416:
7414:, p. 382.
7412:Longerich 2010
7404:
7402:, p. 423.
7392:
7390:, p. 420.
7380:
7378:, p. 419.
7368:
7356:
7354:, p. 413.
7344:
7332:
7330:, p. 236.
7320:
7308:
7306:, p. 117.
7291:
7285:978-0896728370
7284:
7262:
7255:
7222:
7215:
7190:
7172:
7147:
7139:
7121:
7106:
7075:
7063:
7061:, p. 195.
7051:
7039:
7037:, p. 189.
7027:
7025:, p. 187.
7015:
7013:, p. 194.
7003:
6991:
6989:, p. 265.
6979:
6967:
6965:, p. 293.
6963:Wachsmann 2015
6955:
6953:, p. 274.
6943:
6941:, p. 456.
6939:Wachsmann 2015
6931:
6929:, p. 290.
6927:Wachsmann 2015
6919:
6907:
6903:Longerich 2010
6895:
6893:, p. 270.
6883:
6881:, p. 143.
6871:
6869:, p. 207.
6859:
6857:, p. 142.
6844:
6832:
6820:
6808:
6796:
6794:, p. 383.
6792:Messenger 2020
6784:
6772:
6770:, p. 166.
6760:
6758:, p. 349.
6745:
6743:, p. 450.
6733:
6731:, p. 340.
6721:
6719:, p. 379.
6717:Wachsmann 2015
6709:
6705:Wachsmann 2015
6697:
6685:
6673:
6661:
6659:, p. 281.
6649:
6637:
6635:, p. 260.
6622:
6620:, p. 280.
6610:
6608:, p. 211.
6598:
6596:, p. 213.
6586:
6584:, p. 269.
6574:
6572:, p. 121.
6562:
6560:, p. 265.
6550:
6538:
6536:, p. 264.
6526:
6514:
6512:, p. 117.
6495:
6483:
6471:
6469:, p. 105.
6459:
6457:, p. 387.
6447:
6445:, p. 396.
6443:Longerich 2010
6435:
6423:
6421:, p. 392.
6419:Longerich 2010
6411:
6407:Longerich 2010
6399:
6387:
6375:
6371:Longerich 2010
6363:
6351:
6339:
6335:Longerich 2010
6327:
6325:, p. 257.
6315:
6303:
6274:
6272:, p. 366.
6262:
6250:
6238:
6236:, p. 460.
6226:
6209:
6207:, p. 321.
6205:Longerich 2010
6197:
6193:Longerich 2010
6185:
6183:, p. 214.
6173:
6169:Longerich 2010
6161:
6159:, p. 110.
6149:
6137:
6133:Longerich 2010
6125:
6121:Longerich 2010
6113:
6111:, p. 352.
6109:Longerich 2010
6101:
6089:
6087:, p. 343.
6085:Longerich 2010
6077:
6075:, p. 337.
6073:Longerich 2010
6065:
6063:, p. 203.
6053:
6049:Longerich 2010
6041:
6039:, p. 209.
6026:
6024:, p. 338.
6022:Longerich 2010
6014:
6012:, p. 339.
6010:Longerich 2010
5999:
5997:, p. 340.
5995:Longerich 2010
5987:
5985:, p. 220.
5975:
5973:, p. 342.
5971:Longerich 2010
5963:
5961:, p. 200.
5948:
5946:, p. 243.
5936:
5921:
5906:
5889:
5872:
5870:, p. 120.
5825:
5823:, p. 208.
5813:
5811:, p. 111.
5801:
5799:, p. 247.
5789:
5787:, p. 121.
5777:
5775:, p. 274.
5765:
5763:, p. 209.
5753:
5751:, p. 273.
5741:
5684:
5677:
5655:
5653:, p. 211.
5643:
5641:, p. 199.
5628:
5616:
5614:, p. 330.
5612:Longerich 2010
5604:
5592:
5590:, p. 283.
5580:
5578:, p. 204.
5565:
5553:
5541:
5529:
5525:Longerich 2010
5514:
5502:
5498:Longerich 2010
5490:
5486:Longerich 2010
5478:
5460:
5444:
5442:, p. 210.
5429:
5425:Longerich 2010
5417:
5415:, p. 209.
5405:
5390:
5388:, p. 279.
5386:Longerich 2010
5378:
5363:
5361:, p. 202.
5351:
5339:
5337:, p. 306.
5335:Longerich 2010
5327:
5325:, p. 199.
5308:
5296:
5294:, p. 303.
5292:Longerich 2010
5284:
5282:, p. 204.
5272:
5255:
5253:, p. 120.
5243:
5231:
5229:, p. 200.
5219:
5217:, p. 128.
5204:
5192:
5180:
5178:, p. 142.
5168:
5166:, p. 300.
5164:Longerich 2010
5156:
5152:Longerich 2010
5144:
5142:, p. 286.
5140:Longerich 2010
5132:
5120:
5116:Longerich 2010
5108:
5096:
5094:, p. 224.
5092:Longerich 2010
5084:
5082:, p. 380.
5072:
5070:, p. 371.
5060:
5048:
5046:, p. 207.
5036:
5034:, p. 372.
5024:
5009:
5007:, p. 203.
4997:
4995:, p. 203.
4985:
4968:
4956:
4944:
4942:, p. 207.
4940:Longerich 2010
4932:
4930:, p. 132.
4915:
4903:
4891:
4889:, p. 190.
4887:Longerich 2010
4879:
4877:, p. 129.
4867:
4865:, p. 185.
4855:
4840:
4838:, p. 202.
4828:
4826:, p. 107.
4816:
4804:
4792:
4780:
4778:, p. 128.
4764:
4752:
4740:
4738:, p. 182.
4728:
4716:
4714:, p. 298.
4701:
4686:
4674:
4672:, p. 190.
4659:
4657:, p. 288.
4647:
4645:, p. 161.
4635:
4623:
4621:, p. 294.
4611:
4599:
4587:
4585:, p. 125.
4575:
4573:, pp. 65.
4563:
4551:
4539:
4527:
4523:Longerich 2010
4515:
4503:
4491:
4489:, p. 180.
4487:Longerich 2010
4479:
4467:
4455:
4453:, p. 179.
4451:Longerich 2010
4443:
4431:
4419:
4417:, p. 172.
4407:
4405:, p. 351.
4395:
4383:
4371:
4359:
4347:
4345:, p. 272.
4343:Longerich 2010
4335:
4333:, p. 240.
4323:
4321:, p. 254.
4306:
4294:
4292:, p. 253.
4282:
4280:, p. 252.
4270:
4268:, p. 117.
4258:
4246:
4244:, p. 115.
4234:
4232:, p. 116.
4219:
4207:
4195:
4183:
4181:, p. 164.
4179:Longerich 2010
4168:
4166:, p. 201.
4151:
4139:
4137:, p. 108.
4127:
4125:, p. 148.
4123:Longerich 2010
4115:
4103:
4101:, p. 207.
4091:
4089:, p. 254.
4079:
4067:
4052:
4050:, p. 284.
4040:
4028:
4026:, p. 162.
4016:
4004:
3992:
3990:, p. 362.
3980:
3968:
3956:
3941:
3939:, p. 241.
3929:
3917:
3905:
3893:
3881:
3866:
3849:
3845:Longerich 2010
3837:
3825:
3813:
3801:
3789:
3777:
3765:
3753:
3728:
3726:, p. 655.
3716:
3712:Longerich 2010
3704:
3702:, p. 200.
3692:
3690:, p. 112.
3688:Longerich 2010
3680:
3668:
3656:
3644:
3632:
3620:
3608:
3596:
3584:
3582:, p. 106.
3572:
3557:
3553:Longerich 2010
3545:
3541:Longerich 2010
3530:
3518:
3503:
3499:Longerich 2010
3491:
3479:
3464:
3452:
3450:, p. 148.
3440:
3428:
3424:Longerich 2010
3416:
3401:
3389:
3377:
3373:Wachsmann 2015
3365:
3348:
3336:
3334:, p. 151.
3324:
3312:
3297:
3285:
3273:
3261:
3246:
3234:
3222:
3210:
3198:
3186:
3184:, p. 143.
3174:
3172:, p. 197.
3162:
3160:, p. 135.
3150:
3148:, p. 133.
3138:
3121:
3109:
3094:
3082:
3070:
3068:, p. 196.
3058:
3056:, p. 146.
3046:
3034:
3022:
3020:, p. 195.
3010:
2998:
2986:
2974:
2962:
2950:
2938:
2926:
2914:
2902:
2887:
2885:, p. 311.
2875:
2863:
2848:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2826:
2820:(SS-WVHA) was
2805:
2793:
2761:
2725:Sahlstrom 2021
2691:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2561:
2558:
2553:European Union
2520:
2517:
2508:Adolf Eichmann
2498:primarily for
2454:
2451:
2437:
2434:
2429:Main article:
2426:
2423:
2364:
2358:
2352:
2346:
2340:
2334:
2328:
2322:
2316:
2315:
2304:Main article:
2301:
2298:
2272:
2269:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2140:Main article:
2137:
2134:
2080:
2077:
2037:IG-Farbenwerke
2002:
1999:
1927:
1924:
1810:
1807:
1765:Radom District
1672:
1669:
1666:
1665:
1662:
1657:September 1941
1655:
1645:
1642:
1637:
1631:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1617:
1614:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1589:
1586:
1581:
1575:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1561:
1558:
1553:
1547:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1535:
1532:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1422:Arthur Greiser
1414:Einsatzgruppen
1395:Main article:
1392:
1389:
1378:, head of the
1340:explicit order
1335:
1332:
1319:Einsatzgruppen
1282:to ghettos in
1200:Einsatzgruppen
1186:eastern Poland
1147:
1144:
1124:Masha Bruskina
1069:
1066:
1024:deporting Jews
971:
968:
872:Einsatzgruppen
855:invaded Poland
829:
826:
730:Nuremberg Laws
703:Main article:
700:
697:
653:homosexual men
649:Roma and Sinti
608:
605:
523:. Germany had
411:
408:
404:Final Solution
380:Roma and Sinti
372:burnt offering
360:Main article:
357:
354:
329:in May 1945.
327:end of the war
296:invaded Poland
276:their ideology
233:mass shootings
196:
195:
182:
178:
177:
172:
168:
167:
138:
135:
132:
131:
128:
124:
123:
113:
109:
108:
89:
81:
80:
73:
72:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
27337:
27326:
27323:
27321:
27318:
27316:
27313:
27311:
27308:
27306:
27303:
27301:
27298:
27296:
27293:
27291:
27288:
27286:
27283:
27281:
27278:
27276:
27273:
27271:
27268:
27266:
27263:
27261:
27260:The Holocaust
27258:
27257:
27255:
27243:
27242:
27241:Travel guides
27230:
27226:
27225:
27213:
27209:
27208:
27196:
27192:
27191:
27179:
27175:
27174:
27162:
27159:from Wikinews
27158:
27157:
27145:
27141:
27140:
27128:
27124:
27123:
27111:
27110:
27107:
27101:
27100:The Holocaust
27081:
27077:
27074:
27070:
27067:
27066:
27061:
27054:
27053:
27050:
27037:
27033:
27030:
27026:
27023:
27019:
27018:
27016:
27012:
27007:
27003:
27002:
27000:
26999:Kuril Islands
26996:
26993:
26989:
26984:
26980:
26979:
26977:
26973:
26970:
26966:
26963:
26959:
26956:
26952:
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26945:
26940:
26936:
26935:
26933:
26929:
26926:
26922:
26919:
26915:
26912:
26908:
26905:
26901:
26898:
26894:
26891:
26887:
26884:
26880:
26877:
26873:
26870:
26866:
26863:
26859:
26856:
26852:
26849:
26845:
26842:
26838:
26835:
26831:
26830:
26828:
26826:
26822:
26815:
26811:
26806:
26805:
26800:
26799:
26797:
26793:
26790:
26786:
26781:
26777:
26776:
26774:
26770:
26767:
26766:Syrmian Front
26763:
26760:
26756:
26753:
26749:
26746:
26742:
26739:
26738:
26733:
26730:
26729:
26724:
26721:
26717:
26714:
26713:
26712:Market Garden
26708:
26705:
26701:
26698:
26694:
26691:
26687:
26684:
26683:
26678:
26675:
26671:
26668:
26664:
26661:
26657:
26654:
26650:
26647:
26643:
26640:
26636:
26633:
26632:
26627:
26624:
26620:
26617:
26616:
26611:
26608:
26607:
26602:
26599:
26598:
26593:
26590:
26586:
26583:
26579:
26576:
26572:
26571:Monte Cassino
26568:
26565:
26564:
26559:
26558:
26556:
26554:
26550:
26543:
26539:
26534:
26530:
26527:
26523:
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26520:
26516:
26513:
26509:
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26502:
26499:
26495:
26492:
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26479:
26478:
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26469:
26465:
26462:
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26456:
26453:
26449:
26446:
26442:
26439:
26435:
26432:
26428:
26425:
26421:
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26414:
26411:
26407:
26404:
26400:
26399:
26397:
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26391:
26384:
26380:
26377:
26376:
26371:
26368:
26364:
26361:
26357:
26354:
26353:
26348:
26345:
26341:
26338:
26334:
26331:
26327:
26324:
26323:
26318:
26313:
26309:
26306:
26302:
26301:
26299:
26295:
26292:
26288:
26285:
26281:
26278:
26274:
26271:
26267:
26264:
26260:
26257:
26253:
26250:
26246:
26243:
26239:
26236:
26232:
26229:
26225:
26224:
26222:
26220:
26216:
26209:
26205:
26202:
26198:
26195:
26191:
26188:
26184:
26181:
26177:
26174:
26170:
26167:
26163:
26160:
26156:
26153:
26149:
26146:
26142:
26139:
26135:
26132:
26128:
26125:
26121:
26118:
26114:
26111:
26107:
26104:
26100:
26097:
26093:
26090:
26086:
26083:
26079:
26075:
26074:
26069:
26065:
26060:
26056:
26055:
26053:
26049:
26046:
26042:
26039:
26035:
26032:
26028:
26025:
26021:
26016:
26012:
26011:
26009:
26005:
26002:
25998:
25995:
25991:
25988:
25984:
25983:
25981:
25979:
25975:
25968:
25967:
25962:
25959:
25955:
25952:
25948:
25945:
25941:
25938:
25937:Baltic states
25934:
25931:
25927:
25924:
25920:
25917:
25913:
25910:
25906:
25903:
25899:
25896:
25892:
25889:
25885:
25882:
25878:
25875:
25871:
25868:
25864:
25861:
25857:
25854:
25850:
25847:
25843:
25840:
25836:
25835:
25833:
25831:
25827:
25820:
25816:
25813:
25809:
25806:
25802:
25799:
25795:
25792:
25788:
25785:
25781:
25778:
25774:
25773:
25771:
25769:
25765:
25756:
25752:
25749:
25745:
25742:
25738:
25735:
25731:
25728:
25724:
25723:
25721:
25717:
25712:
25708:
25705:
25701:
25700:
25698:
25694:
25689:
25685:
25684:
25682:
25678:
25677:
25675:
25673:
25669:
25666:
25664:
25660:
25649:
25645:
25642:
25638:
25633:
25629:
25626:
25622:
25621:
25617:
25612:
25608:
25607:
25605:
25601:
25598:
25594:
25589:
25585:
25582:
25581:United States
25578:
25573:
25569:
25568:
25566:
25562:
25561:
25557:
25554:
25550:
25549:
25547:
25545:
25541:
25534:
25530:
25525:
25521:
25518:
25517:Quốc dân Đảng
25514:
25513:
25509:
25506:
25502:
25499:
25495:
25492:
25488:
25485:
25481:
25478:
25474:
25471:
25467:
25464:
25460:
25457:
25453:
25450:
25446:
25443:
25439:
25436:
25432:
25429:
25425:
25422:
25418:
25415:
25411:
25406:
25402:
25399:
25395:
25394:
25392:
25388:
25385:
25381:
25378:
25374:
25371:
25367:
25364:
25360:
25357:
25353:
25350:
25346:
25343:
25339:
25336:
25332:
25329:
25325:
25322:
25318:
25315:
25311:
25308:
25304:
25301:
25297:
25294:
25290:
25287:
25283:
25280:
25276:
25275:
25273:
25271:
25267:
25260:
25256:
25253:
25249:
25246:
25242:
25239:
25235:
25232:
25228:
25225:
25221:
25218:
25217:Liechtenstein
25214:
25211:
25207:
25204:
25200:
25197:
25193:
25190:
25186:
25185:
25183:
25181:
25177:
25170:
25169:Collaboration
25166:
25163:
25159:
25156:
25152:
25149:
25145:
25141:
25137:
25134:
25130:
25127:
25123:
25120:
25116:
25111:
25107:
25106:
25103:
25099:
25096:
25092:
25089:
25085:
25082:
25078:
25075:
25071:
25068:
25064:
25060:
25056:
25053:
25049:
25046:
25042:
25038:
25034:
25031:
25027:
25026:
25024:
25022:
25018:
25011:
25007:
25002:
24998:
24997:
24995:
24994:United States
24991:
24986:
24982:
24981:
24979:
24975:
24972:
24968:
24965:
24961:
24958:
24954:
24951:
24947:
24944:
24940:
24936:
24932:
24928:
24925:
24921:
24918:
24914:
24911:
24907:
24904:
24900:
24897:
24893:
24890:
24886:
24883:
24879:
24876:
24872:
24868:
24864:
24860:
24857:
24853:
24850:
24846:
24843:
24839:
24836:
24832:
24828:
24824:
24820:
24816:
24812:
24809:
24805:
24802:
24798:
24795:
24791:
24788:
24784:
24781:
24777:
24774:
24770:
24766:
24762:
24758:
24755:
24751:
24748:
24744:
24741:
24737:
24734:
24730:
24729:
24727:
24725:
24721:
24718:
24716:
24712:
24699:
24695:
24692:
24688:
24685:
24684:Comfort women
24681:
24678:
24674:
24671:
24668: /
24667:
24663:
24660:
24657: /
24656:
24653: /
24652:
24648:
24645:
24644:Camp brothels
24641:
24638:
24634:
24633:
24629:
24626:
24622:
24617:
24613:
24610:
24606:
24605:
24603:
24599:
24594:
24590:
24587:
24583:
24580:
24576:
24575:
24573:
24569:
24566:
24562:
24557:
24553:
24548:
24544:
24541:
24537:
24536:
24534:
24533:The Holocaust
24530:
24527:
24523:
24520:
24519:forced labour
24516:
24515:
24513:
24509:
24504:
24500:
24497:
24493:
24490:
24486:
24485:
24483:
24479:
24478:
24476:
24474:
24470:
24463:
24459:
24456:
24452:
24449:
24445:
24440:
24436:
24433:
24429:
24426:
24422:
24419:
24415:
24414:
24412:
24408:
24405:
24404:
24399:
24396:
24395:
24390:
24387:
24383:
24380:
24376:
24373:
24372:Marshall Plan
24369:
24366:
24365:
24360:
24357:
24353:
24350:
24346:
24343:
24339:
24336:
24332:
24329:
24325:
24322:
24318:
24315:
24311:
24308:
24304:
24303:
24301:
24299:
24295:
24288:
24284:
24279:
24275:
24274:
24272:
24268:
24265:
24261:
24256:
24252:
24249:
24245:
24242:
24238:
24237:
24235:
24231:
24226:
24225:Eastern Front
24222:
24219:
24218:Western Front
24215:
24214:
24212:
24208:
24203:
24199:
24196:
24192:
24189:
24185:
24182:
24178:
24175:
24171:
24168:
24164:
24163:
24161:
24157:
24156:
24154:
24152:
24148:
24141:
24137:
24134:
24130:
24127:
24123:
24120:
24116:
24113:
24112:Puppet states
24109:
24106:
24102:
24099:
24095:
24090:
24086:
24083:
24079:
24078:
24076:
24072:
24069:
24065:
24062:
24058:
24055:
24054:Naval history
24051:
24048:
24044:
24041:
24037:
24034:
24030:
24025:
24021:
24020:
24018:
24014:
24011:
24007:
24002:
24001:United States
23998:
23995:
23991:
23988:
23984:
23983:
23981:
23977:
23974:
23970:
23967:
23963:
23960:
23956:
23953:
23949:
23946:
23942:
23939:
23935:
23930:
23926:
23925:
23923:
23919:
23918:
23916:
23914:
23910:
23907:
23903:
23896:
23892:
23889:
23885:
23880:
23876:
23873:
23869:
23866:
23862:
23861:
23857:
23852:
23848:
23847:
23845:
23841:
23838:
23834:
23833:
23830:
23826:
23819:
23814:
23812:
23807:
23805:
23800:
23799:
23796:
23786:
23781:
23774:
23767:
23764:
23762:
23759:
23756:
23753:
23750:
23747:
23744:
23741:
23738:
23735:
23732:
23729:
23726:
23723:
23720:
23717:
23714:
23711:
23708:
23705:
23702:
23699:
23696:
23693:
23690:
23687:
23684:
23681:
23678:
23675:
23672:
23669:
23666:
23663:
23660:
23657:
23652:
23649:
23646:
23643:
23640:
23637:
23636:
23634:
23633:Yugoslav Wars
23631:
23628:
23625:
23620:
23619:Big Excursion
23617:
23616:
23614:
23611:
23608:
23605:
23602:
23599:
23596:
23593:
23590:
23587:
23584:
23581:
23576:
23573:
23570:
23567:
23566:
23564:
23561:
23556:
23553:
23550:
23547:
23544:
23541:
23540:
23538:
23535:
23532:
23529:
23526:
23523:
23520:
23517:
23514:
23511:
23508:
23505:
23502:
23499:
23496:
23493:
23490:
23487:
23484:
23481:
23478:
23475:
23472:
23469:
23466:
23463:
23460:
23457:
23454:
23451:
23448:
23445:
23442:
23439:
23436:
23433:
23430:
23429:The Holocaust
23427:
23424:
23421:
23418:
23415:
23412:
23409:
23405:
23402:
23400:
23397:
23395:
23392:
23390:
23387:
23385:
23382:
23380:
23377:
23376:
23374:
23371:
23368:
23365:
23362:
23359:
23356:
23353:
23349:
23346:
23345:
23343:
23340:
23337:
23334:
23331:
23328:
23325:
23324:Dungan Revolt
23322:
23319:
23316:
23313:
23310:
23307:
23304:
23301:
23298:
23295:
23292:
23289:
23286:
23283:
23280:
23277:
23274:
23271:
23268:
23265:
23262:
23259:
23256:
23253:
23250:
23247:
23244:
23241:
23238:
23235:
23232:
23229:
23226:
23223:
23220:
23217:
23214:
23211:
23208:
23205:
23202:
23199:
23196:
23193:
23190:
23187:
23184:
23181:
23178:
23175:
23172:
23171:
23169:
23165:
23159:
23156:
23154:
23151:
23149:
23146:
23144:
23141:
23139:
23138:State atheism
23136:
23134:
23131:
23129:
23126:
23124:
23121:
23119:
23116:
23114:
23111:
23109:
23106:
23104:
23101:
23099:
23096:
23094:
23091:
23089:
23086:
23084:
23081:
23079:
23076:
23074:
23071:
23069:
23066:
23064:
23061:
23059:
23056:
23054:
23051:
23049:
23046:
23044:
23041:
23039:
23036:
23034:
23033:Deprogramming
23031:
23029:
23026:
23024:
23021:
23019:
23016:
23015:
23013:
23009:
23001:
22998:
22996:
22993:
22991:
22988:
22986:
22985:Protestantism
22983:
22981:
22978:
22974:
22971:
22970:
22969:
22966:
22960:
22957:
22955:
22952:
22950:
22947:
22945:
22942:
22940:
22937:
22936:
22935:
22932:
22931:
22930:
22927:
22923:
22920:
22918:
22915:
22914:
22913:
22910:
22908:
22905:
22901:
22898:
22896:
22895:LDS or Mormon
22893:
22891:
22888:
22886:
22883:
22881:
22878:
22877:
22876:
22873:
22871:
22868:
22866:
22863:
22861:
22858:
22856:
22853:
22852:
22848:
22844:
22840:
22836:
22829:
22824:
22822:
22817:
22815:
22810:
22809:
22806:
22794:
22786:
22784:
22776:
22774:
22766:
22765:
22762:
22756:
22753:
22751:
22748:
22744:
22741:
22740:
22739:
22736:
22734:
22731:
22729:
22726:
22724:
22721:
22719:
22716:
22714:
22711:
22709:
22706:
22704:
22701:
22699:
22696:
22694:
22691:
22689:
22686:
22684:
22681:
22679:
22676:
22674:
22671:
22669:
22666:
22664:
22661:
22659:
22656:
22654:
22651:
22649:
22646:
22645:
22643:
22639:
22631:
22628:
22627:
22626:
22623:
22621:
22620:Wine industry
22618:
22616:
22613:
22611:
22608:
22606:
22603:
22601:
22598:
22596:
22593:
22589:
22586:
22584:
22581:
22580:
22579:
22576:
22572:
22569:
22568:
22567:
22564:
22562:
22559:
22555:
22552:
22550:
22547:
22546:
22545:
22542:
22538:
22535:
22531:
22528:
22527:
22526:
22523:
22519:
22516:
22514:
22511:
22510:
22509:
22506:
22502:
22499:
22497:
22494:
22493:
22492:
22489:
22488:
22487:
22484:
22482:
22479:
22478:
22476:
22472:
22464:
22461:
22459:
22456:
22454:
22451:
22450:
22449:
22448:South America
22446:
22442:
22439:
22437:
22436:United States
22434:
22432:
22429:
22428:
22427:
22426:North America
22424:
22420:
22417:
22415:
22412:
22410:
22407:
22405:
22402:
22401:
22400:
22397:
22393:
22390:
22388:
22385:
22383:
22380:
22378:
22375:
22373:
22370:
22368:
22365:
22363:
22360:
22358:
22355:
22353:
22350:
22348:
22345:
22343:
22340:
22339:
22338:
22335:
22333:
22330:
22326:
22323:
22321:
22318:
22316:
22313:
22312:
22311:
22308:
22304:
22301:
22299:
22296:
22294:
22291:
22289:
22286:
22284:
22281:
22279:
22276:
22275:
22274:
22271:
22267:
22264:
22262:
22259:
22258:
22257:
22254:
22252:
22249:
22248:
22246:
22244:
22240:
22234:
22231:
22229:
22226:
22224:
22221:
22219:
22216:
22214:
22213:Racialization
22211:
22209:
22206:
22204:
22201:
22199:
22196:
22194:
22191:
22189:
22186:
22184:
22181:
22179:
22178:Ethnic hatred
22176:
22174:
22171:
22169:
22166:
22164:
22161:
22159:
22156:
22154:
22151:
22150:
22148:
22142:
22136:
22133:
22131:
22128:
22126:
22123:
22121:
22118:
22116:
22113:
22111:
22108:
22106:
22103:
22101:
22098:
22096:
22095:Laissez-faire
22093:
22091:
22088:
22086:
22083:
22081:
22080:Institutional
22078:
22076:
22073:
22071:
22068:
22066:
22065:Environmental
22063:
22061:
22058:
22056:
22053:
22051:
22048:
22046:
22043:
22041:
22038:
22037:
22035:
22031:
22027:
22020:
22015:
22013:
22008:
22006:
22001:
22000:
21997:
21987:
21977:
21969:
21966:
21964:
21961:
21959:
21956:
21954:
21951:
21949:
21946:
21943:
21942:
21937:
21934:
21933:
21928:
21926:
21923:
21921:
21918:
21916:
21913:
21909:
21906:
21904:
21901:
21900:
21899:
21896:
21895:
21891:
21885:
21880:
21877:
21875:
21872:
21870:
21869:The Wehrmacht
21867:
21865:
21859:
21852:
21849:
21847:
21844:
21842:
21839:
21837:
21834:
21832:
21829:
21827:
21824:
21822:
21819:
21815:
21811:
21803:
21800:
21798:
21795:
21793:
21790:
21788:
21785:
21783:
21780:
21778:
21773:
21771:
21766:
21764:
21761:
21759:
21754:
21752:
21749:
21747:
21744:
21742:
21739:
21737:
21734:
21732:
21729:
21728:
21727:
21726:
21718:
21715:
21713:
21710:
21709:
21707:
21703:
21700:
21698:
21695:
21694:
21693:
21690:
21689:
21685:
21679:
21674:
21671:
21669:
21666:
21664:
21661:
21659:
21656:
21654:
21651:
21649:
21646:
21644:
21642:
21636:
21629:
21626:
21624:
21621:
21619:
21616:
21614:
21611:
21609:
21606:
21604:
21601:
21599:
21596:
21594:
21591:
21589:
21586:
21584:
21581:
21579:
21576:
21574:
21571:
21569:
21566:
21564:
21561:
21557:
21555:
21551:
21544:
21541:
21539:
21536:
21534:
21531:
21529:
21526:
21524:
21523:Seyss-Inquart
21521:
21519:
21516:
21514:
21511:
21509:
21506:
21504:
21501:
21499:
21496:
21494:
21491:
21489:
21486:
21484:
21481:
21479:
21476:
21474:
21471:
21469:
21466:
21464:
21461:
21459:
21456:
21454:
21451:
21449:
21446:
21444:
21441:
21437:
21435:
21431:
21423:
21422:
21417:
21414:
21413:
21408:
21403:
21402:
21397:
21396:
21395:
21392:
21390:
21387:
21385:
21382:
21380:
21377:
21375:
21372:
21370:
21367:
21365:
21362:
21358:
21355:
21353:
21350:
21347:
21346:
21345:Untermenschen
21341:
21338:
21337:
21336:Rassenschande
21332:
21330:
21327:
21325:
21322:
21320:
21317:
21315:
21312:
21310:
21307:
21305:
21302:
21301:
21300:
21297:
21295:
21292:
21290:
21287:
21285:
21282:
21280:
21277:
21275:
21272:
21270:
21267:
21263:
21260:
21258:
21255:
21253:
21250:
21248:
21245:
21244:
21243:
21240:
21238:
21235:
21233:
21230:
21226:
21225:Pan-Germanism
21223:
21220:
21219:
21214:
21211:
21210:
21205:
21203:
21200:
21199:
21198:
21195:
21192:
21191:
21186:
21183:
21182:
21177:
21175:
21172:
21170:
21167:
21165:
21164:Direct action
21162:
21157:
21156:
21155:Führerprinzip
21151:
21150:
21149:
21146:
21144:
21141:
21139:
21136:
21132:
21129:
21126:
21125:
21120:
21119:
21118:
21115:
21113:
21110:
21108:
21105:
21103:
21100:
21098:
21095:
21093:
21092:Anti-pacifism
21090:
21088:
21085:
21083:
21080:
21078:
21075:
21073:
21070:
21066:
21064:
21060:
21052:
21049:
21047:
21044:
21042:
21039:
21037:
21034:
21032:
21029:
21027:
21024:
21022:
21019:
21017:
21014:
21012:
21009:
21007:
21004:
21003:
21002:
21001:
20996:
20993:
20991:
20988:
20986:
20983:
20981:
20978:
20976:The Holocaust
20975:
20973:
20970:
20967:
20966:
20961:
20958:
20957:
20956:Kristallnacht
20952:
20950:
20947:
20945:
20942:
20940:
20937:
20935:
20932:
20930:
20927:
20925:
20922:
20919:
20918:
20913:
20911:
20908:
20906:
20903:
20901:
20898:
20895:
20894:
20889:
20887:
20884:
20882:
20879:
20877:
20874:
20870:
20868:
20864:
20854:
20853:
20852:Schutzstaffel
20848:
20844:
20843:
20838:
20836:
20833:
20830:
20829:
20824:
20822:
20819:
20817:
20814:
20812:
20809:
20807:
20804:
20802:
20799:
20797:
20794:
20792:
20789:
20787:
20784:
20781:
20780:
20775:
20772:
20771:
20766:
20763:
20762:
20757:
20756:
20752:
20748:
20744:
20737:
20732:
20730:
20725:
20723:
20718:
20717:
20714:
20696:
20692:
20688:
20684:
20683:
20673:
20669:
20666:
20662:
20659:
20655:
20652:
20648:
20645:
20644:Netiv HaAsara
20641:
20638:
20634:
20631:
20627:
20624:
20620:
20617:
20613:
20610:
20609:Ein HaShlosha
20606:
20603:
20599:
20598:
20596:
20594:
20590:
20582:
20578:
20574:
20570:
20569:
20567:
20563:
20555:
20551:
20547:
20543:
20539:
20535:
20531:
20527:
20523:
20519:
20515:
20511:
20507:
20503:
20499:
20495:
20491:
20487:
20483:
20479:
20475:
20471:
20467:
20463:
20459:
20458:Itamar attack
20455:
20454:
20452:
20448:
20436:
20432:
20428:
20424:
20420:
20416:
20412:
20408:
20407:
20405:
20401:
20390:
20386:
20383:
20379:
20376:
20372:
20369:
20365:
20362:
20358:
20355:
20351:
20348:
20344:
20343:
20341:
20337:
20326:
20325:Hebron ambush
20322:
20319:
20315:
20312:
20308:
20305:
20301:
20298:
20294:
20291:
20287:
20284:
20280:
20277:
20276:Hadera attack
20273:
20270:
20266:
20265:
20263:
20259:
20248:
20244:
20241:
20237:
20236:
20234:
20230:
20227:
20223:
20220:
20216:
20200:
20196:
20192:
20188:
20184:
20180:
20176:
20172:
20168:
20164:
20160:
20156:
20152:
20148:
20144:
20140:
20139:
20137:
20133:
20121:
20117:
20113:
20109:
20105:
20101:
20097:
20093:
20089:
20085:
20081:
20077:
20073:
20069:
20065:
20061:
20060:
20058:
20054:
20042:
20038:
20034:
20030:
20026:
20022:
20018:
20014:
20010:
20006:
20002:
19998:
19994:
19990:
19986:
19982:
19981:
19979:
19975:
19963:
19959:
19955:
19951:
19947:
19943:
19939:
19935:
19931:
19927:
19926:
19924:
19920:
19909:
19905:
19904:
19902:
19898:
19887:
19883:
19880:
19876:
19873:
19869:
19866:
19862:
19859:
19855:
19854:
19852:
19848:
19837:
19833:
19830:
19826:
19823:
19819:
19816:
19812:
19809:
19805:
19804:
19802:
19798:
19787:
19783:
19780:
19776:
19773:
19769:
19768:
19766:
19762:
19759:
19755:
19744:
19740:
19737:
19733:
19730:
19729:Kraków pogrom
19726:
19723:
19719:
19716:
19712:
19711:
19709:
19705:
19693:
19689:
19686:
19682:
19679:
19675:
19672:
19668:
19667:
19665:
19661:
19650:
19646:
19643:
19639:
19636:
19632:
19631:
19629:
19625:
19614:
19610:
19607:
19603:
19600:
19596:
19595:
19593:
19589:
19577:
19576:The Holocaust
19573:
19570:
19566:
19563:
19559:
19556:
19555:Švenčionėliai
19552:
19549:
19545:
19542:
19538:
19535:
19531:
19528:
19524:
19521:
19517:
19514:
19510:
19507:
19503:
19500:
19496:
19493:
19489:
19486:
19482:
19479:
19475:
19472:
19471:Kaunas (June)
19468:
19465:
19461:
19458:
19454:
19451:
19447:
19446:
19444:
19440:
19429:
19425:
19424:
19422:
19418:
19407:
19406:Silc massacre
19403:
19400:
19396:
19393:
19389:
19388:
19386:
19382:
19371:
19370:Kristallnacht
19367:
19364:
19360:
19359:
19357:
19353:
19350:
19348:
19344:
19334:
19330:
19325:
19321:
19317:
19313:
19309:
19305:
19301:
19297:
19293:
19289:
19285:
19281:
19277:
19273:
19269:
19265:
19259:
19254:
19253:Oradea pogrom
19250:
19246:
19242:
19241:
19231:
19227:
19224:
19220:
19217:
19213:
19210:
19206:
19203:
19199:
19196:
19192:
19189:
19185:
19182:
19178:
19175:
19171:
19170:
19168:
19165:
19161:
19154:
19150:
19147:
19143:
19139:
19135:
19131:
19130:Kielce pogrom
19127:
19123:
19119:
19115:
19111:
19107:
19103:
19099:
19095:
19091:
19090:Shiraz pogrom
19087:
19083:
19079:
19075:
19071:
19067:
19063:
19059:
19055:
19051:
19047:
19043:
19039:
19035:
19031:
19027:
19023:
19022:
19020:
19016:
19013:
19009:
18997:
18993:
18989:
18985:
18984:
18974:
18970:
18967:
18963:
18960:
18956:
18955:
18953:
18950:
18946:
18938:
18934:
18930:
18926:
18922:
18918:
18914:
18910:
18906:
18902:
18898:
18897:Hebron pogrom
18894:
18890:
18886:
18882:
18878:
18874:
18873:Hep-Hep riots
18870:
18866:
18862:
18858:
18854:
18850:
18846:
18842:
18838:
18834:
18830:
18826:
18822:
18821:
18819:
18815:
18807:
18803:
18799:
18795:
18791:
18790:Hebron pogrom
18787:
18783:
18779:
18775:
18771:
18767:
18763:
18759:
18755:
18751:
18747:
18743:
18739:
18735:
18731:
18727:
18723:
18719:
18715:
18714:
18704:
18700:
18697:
18693:
18690:
18686:
18683:
18679:
18676:
18672:
18671:
18669:
18666:
18662:
18654:
18650:
18646:
18642:
18638:
18634:
18633:
18631:
18627:
18624:
18620:
18608:
18604:
18600:
18596:
18592:
18588:
18587:
18577:
18573:
18570:
18566:
18563:
18559:
18558:
18556:
18553:
18549:
18541:
18537:
18533:
18529:
18525:
18521:
18520:
18518:
18514:
18502:
18498:
18494:
18490:
18486:
18482:
18478:
18474:
18470:
18466:
18465:
18463:
18459:
18451:
18447:
18443:
18439:
18438:
18436:
18432:
18429:
18425:
18421:
18417:
18413:
18406:
18401:
18399:
18394:
18392:
18387:
18386:
18383:
18371:
18368:
18363:
18362:
18359:
18351:
18348:
18347:
18346:
18343:
18339:
18336:
18334:
18333:The Holocaust
18331:
18330:
18329:
18326:
18324:
18323:United States
18321:
18319:
18316:
18314:
18311:
18309:
18306:
18304:
18303:Enlightenment
18301:
18299:
18296:
18294:
18291:
18289:
18286:
18285:
18283:
18279:
18273:
18270:
18268:
18265:
18261:
18258:
18257:
18256:
18253:
18251:
18248:
18246:
18243:
18239:
18236:
18234:
18231:
18230:
18229:
18226:
18222:
18219:
18217:
18214:
18212:
18209:
18207:
18204:
18203:
18201:
18200:
18198:
18196:
18192:
18186:
18183:
18181:
18178:
18176:
18173:
18169:
18166:
18164:
18161:
18159:
18156:
18154:
18151:
18150:
18149:
18146:
18144:
18141:
18139:
18136:
18132:
18129:
18128:
18127:
18124:
18123:
18121:
18119:
18115:
18105:
18102:
18100:
18097:
18095:
18092:
18090:
18087:
18085:
18082:
18080:
18077:
18075:
18072:
18071:
18069:
18067:
18063:
18055:
18052:
18048:
18045:
18044:
18043:
18040:
18038:
18035:
18033:
18030:
18028:
18025:
18023:
18020:
18019:
18018:
18015:
18013:
18010:
18008:
18005:
18004:
18002:
17998:
17992:
17989:
17987:
17984:
17982:
17979:
17977:
17974:
17972:
17969:
17967:
17964:
17962:
17959:
17958:
17956:
17954:
17950:
17944:
17941:
17939:
17936:
17934:
17931:
17929:
17926:
17924:
17921:
17919:
17916:
17914:
17911:
17909:
17906:
17904:
17901:
17900:
17898:
17896:
17892:
17886:
17883:
17881:
17878:
17876:
17873:
17871:
17868:
17866:
17863:
17861:
17858:
17856:
17853:
17851:
17848:
17846:
17843:
17841:
17838:
17837:
17835:
17831:
17827:
17820:
17815:
17813:
17808:
17806:
17801:
17800:
17797:
17784:
17783:Sidney Excell
17781:
17778:
17777:Hugo Blaschke
17775:
17772:
17771:Felix Kersten
17769:
17766:
17765:Karl Gebhardt
17763:
17760:
17759:Falk Zipperer
17757:
17754:
17751:
17748:
17747:Erhard Heiden
17745:
17744:
17742:
17738:
17732:
17729:
17727:
17724:
17722:
17719:
17717:
17714:
17713:
17711:
17707:
17701:
17698:
17696:
17693:
17691:
17688:
17686:
17683:
17682:
17680:
17676:
17669:
17666:
17663:
17660:
17658:(great-niece)
17657:
17654:
17651:
17648:
17645:
17642:
17639:
17636:
17633:
17630:
17627:
17624:
17623:
17621:
17617:
17611:
17608:
17606:
17603:
17601:
17598:
17596:
17593:
17591:
17588:
17586:
17583:
17581:
17578:
17576:
17573:
17571:
17568:
17566:
17563:
17561:
17558:
17556:
17553:
17551:
17548:
17546:
17543:
17541:
17538:
17536:
17535:The Holocaust
17533:
17532:
17530:
17528:
17527:the Holocaust
17522:
17516:
17513:
17511:
17508:
17506:
17503:
17501:
17498:
17496:
17495:Schutzstaffel
17493:
17492:
17490:
17488:Organizations
17486:
17479:
17476:
17473:
17470:
17467:
17464:
17461:
17458:
17455:
17454:Hermann Gauch
17452:
17449:
17448:Rudolf Brandt
17446:
17443:
17440:
17437:
17434:
17431:
17428:
17425:
17422:
17420:
17417:
17414:
17411:
17409:
17406:
17404:
17401:
17400:
17398:
17396:
17395:
17390:
17384:
17381:
17378:
17376:
17375:
17371:
17370:
17367:
17363:
17356:
17351:
17349:
17344:
17342:
17337:
17336:
17333:
17315:
17311:
17307:
17303:
17299:
17295:
17291:
17287:
17283:
17279:
17275:
17271:
17267:
17263:
17259:
17255:
17251:
17247:
17246:
17243:
17234:
17222:
17218:
17214:
17210:
17206:
17202:
17196:
17192:
17188:
17184:
17180:
17176:
17175:
17172:
17168:
17164:
17160:
17156:
17152:
17148:
17144:
17140:
17136:
17132:
17128:
17127:
17124:
17115:
17103:
17099:
17095:
17091:
17087:
17086:Sobibor trial
17083:
17079:
17075:
17071:
17067:
17063:
17059:
17055:
17051:
17047:
17043:
17039:
17035:
17031:
17027:
17023:
17019:
17015:
17011:
17007:
17003:
16999:
16995:
16991:
16987:
16983:
16979:
16975:
16971:
16967:
16963:
16959:
16955:
16951:
16950:Belsen trials
16947:
16943:
16942:Dachau trials
16939:
16935:
16931:
16927:
16923:
16919:
16915:
16911:
16910:Kharkov trial
16907:
16903:
16899:
16898:
16895:
16889:
16883:
16880:
16876:
16869:
16865:
16862:
16858:
16855:
16854:Justification
16851:
16848:
16844:
16841:
16837:
16834:
16830:
16827:
16823:
16818:
16814:
16811:
16807:
16804:
16800:
16799:
16797:
16793:
16792:
16790:
16786:
16779:
16775:
16772:
16768:
16765:
16761:
16758:
16754:
16751:
16747:
16744:
16740:
16737:
16733:
16728:
16724:
16723:
16721:
16720:The Holocaust
16717:
16716:
16714:
16712:
16708:
16701:
16697:
16694:
16690:
16687:
16683:
16680:
16679:Death marches
16676:
16671:
16667:
16664:
16660:
16659:
16657:
16653:
16650:
16646:
16643:
16639:
16636:
16632:
16629:
16625:
16622:
16618:
16617:
16615:
16611:
16604:
16600:
16597:
16593:
16590:
16586:
16583:
16579:
16576:
16572:
16569:
16565:
16562:
16558:
16555:
16551:
16548:
16544:
16541:
16537:
16530:
16526:
16525:
16523:
16519:
16518:
16516:
16512:
16507:
16503:
16502:
16500:
16496:
16495:
16493:
16489:
16477:
16473:
16469:
16465:
16461:
16457:
16453:
16449:
16445:
16441:
16437:
16436:Iraqi Turkmen
16433:
16429:
16425:
16420:
16416:
16415:
16412:
16408:
16404:
16400:
16399:
16396:
16391:
16385:
16373:
16369:
16365:
16361:
16356:
16352:
16351:
16348:
16344:
16340:
16336:
16332:
16328:
16324:
16320:
16316:
16312:
16308:
16304:
16300:
16296:
16292:
16288:
16284:
16280:
16276:
16272:
16268:
16264:
16260:
16256:
16252:
16248:
16243:
16239:
16236:
16232:
16231:
16227:
16223:
16219:
16215:
16211:
16207:
16203:
16199:
16195:
16191:
16187:
16183:
16179:
16175:
16171:
16167:
16163:
16162:
16159:
16154:
16148:
16136:
16132:
16128:
16124:
16120:
16116:
16112:
16108:
16104:
16100:
16096:
16092:
16088:
16084:
16080:
16076:
16072:
16071:The Holocaust
16068:
16064:
16060:
16056:
16052:
16048:
16044:
16040:
16036:
16032:
16028:
16024:
16020:
16016:
16012:
16008:
16004:
16000:
15996:
15992:
15988:
15984:
15980:
15976:
15972:
15968:
15964:
15960:
15956:
15953:(1920s–1930s)
15952:
15951:Ingrian Finns
15948:
15944:
15940:
15936:
15932:
15928:
15924:
15918:
15914:
15910:
15906:
15902:
15898:
15894:
15890:
15886:
15882:
15877:
15876:Pontic Greeks
15873:
15872:
15869:
15865:
15864:
15862:
15858:
15857:
15854:
15849:
15843:
15829:
15825:
15824:
15822:
15818:
15814:
15810:
15806:
15802:
15798:
15794:
15791:(1890s–1900s)
15790:
15786:
15782:
15778:
15774:
15770:
15766:
15762:
15758:
15754:
15750:
15746:
15742:
15738:
15732:
15728:
15724:
15720:
15716:
15712:
15708:
15704:
15703:
15701:
15697:
15693:
15689:
15685:
15681:
15675:
15671:
15667:
15663:
15662:
15660:
15656:
15652:
15648:
15644:
15640:
15636:
15632:
15628:
15624:
15618:
15614:
15611:(1700s–1800s)
15610:
15606:
15605:
15603:
15599:
15595:
15591:
15587:
15583:
15579:
15575:
15571:
15567:
15563:
15559:
15555:
15551:
15547:
15543:
15539:
15535:
15531:
15527:
15523:
15519:
15518:
15515:
15510:
15504:
15492:
15488:
15484:
15480:
15476:
15472:
15468:
15464:
15461:(1200s–1360s)
15460:
15456:
15452:
15448:
15444:
15440:
15436:
15432:
15427:
15423:
15422:
15419:
15415:
15411:
15407:
15403:
15399:
15398:
15395:
15390:
15384:
15381:
15378:
15373:
15369:
15365:
15358:
15353:
15351:
15346:
15344:
15339:
15338:
15335:
15323:
15320:
15318:
15315:
15313:
15310:
15308:
15305:
15303:
15300:
15298:
15295:
15293:
15290:
15288:
15285:
15284:
15282:
15278:
15268:
15265:
15263:
15262:Mizocz Ghetto
15260:
15258:
15255:
15253:
15250:
15248:
15245:
15243:
15242:Drobytsky Yar
15240:
15238:
15235:
15234:
15232:
15230:
15226:
15220:
15217:
15216:
15214:
15212:
15208:
15202:
15199:
15197:
15194:
15193:
15191:
15189:
15185:
15179:
15178:
15174:
15172:
15171:
15167:
15165:
15162:
15161:
15159:
15157:
15153:
15147:
15144:
15142:
15139:
15137:
15134:
15132:
15129:
15127:
15124:
15123:
15121:
15119:
15115:
15109:
15106:
15104:
15101:
15099:
15096:
15094:
15091:
15089:
15086:
15084:
15081:
15080:
15078:
15076:
15072:
15066:
15063:
15062:
15060:
15058:
15054:
15048:
15047:Slutsk Affair
15045:
15043:
15040:
15038:
15037:Łachwa Ghetto
15035:
15034:
15032:
15030:
15026:
15023:
15019:
15009:
15008:
15004:
15002:
14999:
14997:
14995:
14991:
14989:
14986:
14984:
14983:
14978:
14975:
14971:
14967:
14963:
14959:
14955:
14954:
14950:
14949:
14947:
14943:
14937:
14936:
14932:
14930:
14929:
14925:
14923:
14920:
14917:
14916:
14912:
14909:
14908:
14904:
14901:
14900:
14896:
14893:
14892:
14888:
14885:
14884:
14883:Schutzstaffel
14880:
14879:
14877:
14873:
14870:
14866:
14856:
14853:
14851:
14848:
14846:
14843:
14841:
14838:
14836:
14835:Viktors Arājs
14833:
14832:
14830:
14828:Collaborators
14826:
14820:
14817:
14815:
14812:
14810:
14807:
14805:
14802:
14800:
14797:
14795:
14792:
14790:
14789:August Becker
14787:
14786:
14784:
14782:Other members
14780:
14774:
14771:
14769:
14766:
14764:
14761:
14759:
14758:Eugen Steimle
14756:
14754:
14751:
14749:
14746:
14744:
14741:
14739:
14736:
14734:
14731:
14729:
14726:
14724:
14721:
14719:
14716:
14714:
14711:
14709:
14706:
14704:
14701:
14699:
14696:
14694:
14691:
14689:
14686:
14684:
14681:
14679:
14676:
14674:
14671:
14669:
14666:
14664:
14661:
14659:
14656:
14654:
14651:
14649:
14646:
14644:
14643:Werner Braune
14641:
14639:
14636:
14634:
14631:
14629:
14626:
14624:
14621:
14619:
14616:
14614:
14611:
14609:
14606:
14604:
14601:
14599:
14596:
14594:
14591:
14590:
14588:
14586:
14581:
14577:Commanders of
14575:
14569:
14566:
14564:
14561:
14559:
14556:
14554:
14551:
14549:
14546:
14544:
14541:
14539:
14536:
14534:
14533:Erich Naumann
14531:
14529:
14526:
14524:
14521:
14519:
14518:Wilhelm Fuchs
14516:
14514:
14511:
14509:
14506:
14504:
14501:
14499:
14496:
14495:
14493:
14491:
14485:
14479:
14476:
14474:
14471:
14470:
14468:
14464:
14461:
14457:
14453:
14452:
14447:
14446:
14438:
14433:
14431:
14426:
14424:
14419:
14418:
14415:
14403:
14402:
14393:
14392:
14389:
14383:
14380:
14378:
14375:
14374:
14372:
14368:
14361:
14358:
14355:
14352:
14350:(half-nephew)
14349:
14346:
14344:(half-nephew)
14343:
14340:
14337:
14334:
14332:(half-nephew)
14331:
14328:
14325:
14322:
14320:(half-sister)
14319:
14318:Angela Hitler
14316:
14314:(grandmother)
14313:
14310:
14308:(grandfather)
14307:
14304:
14301:
14298:
14295:
14292:
14289:
14286:
14285:
14283:
14281:
14277:
14271:
14270:
14266:
14264:
14263:
14259:
14257:
14256:
14252:
14250:
14249:
14245:
14243:
14242:
14238:
14236:
14233:
14231:
14230:
14226:
14224:
14223:
14219:
14217:
14216:
14212:
14210:
14209:
14205:
14203:
14200:
14198:
14195:
14193:
14190:
14188:
14185:
14184:
14182:
14178:
14172:
14169:
14167:
14164:
14163:
14161:
14155:
14149:
14146:
14144:
14143:50th birthday
14141:
14139:
14136:
14134:
14131:
14129:
14126:
14124:
14121:
14119:
14116:
14114:
14111:
14109:
14106:
14104:
14101:
14099:
14098:Vegetarianism
14096:
14094:
14091:
14089:
14086:
14084:
14081:
14077:
14074:
14073:
14072:
14069:
14068:
14066:
14064:Personal life
14062:
14051:
14047:
14044:
14041:
14037:
14034:
14031:
14027:
14024:
14022:
14019:
14017:
14014:
14013:
14011:
14007:
14001:
13999:
13994:
13992:
13989:
13987:
13984:
13982:
13979:
13977:
13974:
13972:
13969:
13967:
13964:
13962:
13959:
13957:
13954:
13951:
13947:
13946:
13941:
13938:
13935:
13934:Kehlsteinhaus
13931:
13928:
13927:
13925:
13923:
13921:
13916:
13913:
13907:
13899:
13896:
13895:
13894:
13891:
13889:
13886:
13884:
13883:The Holocaust
13881:
13879:
13876:
13874:
13871:
13869:
13866:
13864:
13863:Rise to power
13861:
13859:
13856:
13855:
13853:
13849:
13843:
13840:
13838:
13835:
13833:
13830:
13828:
13827:
13823:
13819:
13816:
13814:
13811:
13810:
13809:
13808:
13804:
13802:
13799:
13797:
13794:
13790:
13787:
13786:
13785:
13782:
13780:
13777:
13773:
13772:
13771:Führerprinzip
13768:
13767:
13766:
13765:
13761:
13760:
13758:
13754:
13750:
13743:
13738:
13736:
13731:
13729:
13724:
13723:
13720:
13714:
13707:
13695:
13692:
13688:
13685:
13683:
13680:
13679:
13678:
13677:United States
13675:
13673:
13670:
13668:
13665:
13663:
13660:
13658:
13655:
13653:
13650:
13648:
13645:
13643:
13640:
13634:
13631:
13629:
13626:
13625:
13624:
13621:
13619:
13616:
13614:
13611:
13609:
13606:
13602:
13599:
13597:
13594:
13593:
13592:
13589:
13587:
13584:
13582:
13579:
13577:
13574:
13572:
13569:
13567:
13564:
13562:
13559:
13555:
13552:
13551:
13550:
13547:
13545:
13542:
13540:
13537:
13536:
13535:
13532:
13530:
13527:
13525:
13522:
13520:
13517:
13515:
13512:
13510:
13507:
13505:
13502:
13498:
13495:
13494:
13493:
13490:
13489:
13487:
13483:
13477:
13474:
13472:
13469:
13467:
13464:
13462:
13459:
13457:
13454:
13452:
13449:
13447:
13444:
13442:
13439:
13438:
13436:
13428:
13422:
13419:
13415:
13412:
13411:
13410:
13407:
13405:
13402:
13400:
13397:
13395:
13392:
13390:
13387:
13385:
13382:
13380:
13377:
13375:
13374:
13370:
13368:
13365:
13363:
13360:
13358:
13357:The Holocaust
13355:
13351:
13348:
13346:
13343:
13342:
13341:
13338:
13336:
13333:
13331:
13328:
13326:
13323:
13321:
13318:
13317:
13315:
13313:
13309:
13303:
13300:
13298:
13296:
13292:
13290:
13287:
13285:
13282:
13280:
13277:
13275:
13272:
13270:
13267:
13265:
13262:
13260:
13259:
13255:
13253:
13250:
13249:
13247:
13243:
13237:
13234:
13232:
13229:
13227:
13224:
13222:
13221:Doctors' plot
13219:
13217:
13216:Slánský trial
13214:
13212:
13209:
13207:
13204:
13200:
13199:The Holocaust
13197:
13195:
13192:
13191:
13190:
13187:
13185:
13182:
13178:
13175:
13174:
13173:
13172:Farhud (Iraq)
13170:
13168:
13165:
13163:
13160:
13158:
13155:
13153:
13150:
13148:
13145:
13143:
13140:
13138:
13135:
13133:
13132:Hep-Hep riots
13130:
13128:
13125:
13124:
13122:
13114:
13108:
13105:
13103:
13102:
13098:
13096:
13093:
13091:
13088:
13086:
13083:
13081:
13080:Martin Luther
13078:
13076:
13073:
13069:
13066:
13064:
13061:
13059:
13056:
13055:
13054:
13051:
13049:
13046:
13044:
13041:
13040:
13038:
13036:
13032:
13026:
13023:
13021:
13018:
13016:
13015:Weaponization
13013:
13011:
13008:
13006:
13003:
13001:
13000:
12996:
12992:
12989:
12988:
12987:
12986:
12982:
12980:
12979:Philosemitism
12977:
12975:
12974:
12970:
12968:
12965:
12961:
12958:
12956:
12953:
12952:
12951:
12950:
12946:
12944:
12941:
12939:
12938:Khazar theory
12936:
12932:
12929:
12928:
12927:
12924:
12922:
12921:
12917:
12915:
12912:
12910:
12907:
12905:
12902:
12900:
12897:
12895:
12892:
12891:
12889:
12885:
12879:
12876:
12874:
12871:
12869:
12868:Olympic Games
12866:
12864:
12861:
12859:
12856:
12854:
12851:
12847:
12846:New Testament
12844:
12843:
12842:
12839:
12838:
12836:
12832:
12824:
12821:
12819:
12816:
12814:
12808:
12807:
12806:
12803:
12801:
12798:
12796:
12793:
12791:
12788:
12786:
12783:
12779:
12776:
12774:
12771:
12770:
12769:
12766:
12762:
12759:
12757:
12754:
12752:
12749:
12748:
12747:
12744:
12742:
12739:
12737:
12734:
12732:
12729:
12727:
12724:
12722:
12719:
12717:
12714:
12712:
12709:
12708:
12706:
12702:
12698:
12691:
12686:
12684:
12679:
12677:
12672:
12671:
12668:
12647:
12643:
12641:
12638:
12636:
12633:
12631:
12628:
12626:
12623:
12621:
12618:
12616:
12613:
12611:
12608:
12606:
12603:
12599:
12596:
12595:
12594:
12591:
12589:
12586:
12584:
12581:
12579:
12576:
12575:
12573:
12569:
12561:
12558:
12557:
12556:
12553:
12549:
12546:
12545:
12544:
12541:
12539:
12536:
12534:
12531:
12529:
12526:
12524:
12521:
12517:
12514:
12512:
12509:
12507:
12504:
12503:
12502:
12499:
12497:
12494:
12493:
12491:
12489:
12485:
12479:
12473:
12471:
12468:
12466:
12463:
12459:
12456:
12455:
12454:
12451:
12449:
12446:
12444:
12441:
12439:
12436:
12434:
12431:
12429:
12428:Nazi eugenics
12426:
12424:
12421:
12420:
12418:
12414:
12410:
12402:
12399:
12396:
12395:
12391:
12387:
12373:
12370:
12368:
12365:
12363:
12360:
12358:
12357:Topf and Sons
12355:
12353:
12350:
12348:
12345:
12343:
12340:
12338:
12335:
12333:
12330:
12329:
12327:
12325:
12324:Collaborators
12321:
12315:
12312:
12310:
12307:
12305:
12304:
12300:
12299:
12297:
12293:
12287:
12284:
12282:
12279:
12276:
12273:
12270:
12267:
12263:
12262:Referat IV B4
12260:
12259:
12258: (RSHA)
12257:
12254:
12252:
12250:
12249:Schutzstaffel
12246:
12244:
12241:
12240:
12238:
12236:Organizations
12234:
12228:
12225:
12224:
12221:
12217:
12212:
12208:
12194:
12191:
12189:
12186:
12184:
12181:
12179:
12178:Romani people
12176:
12174:
12171:
12169:
12166:
12164:
12161:
12159:
12156:
12155:
12153:
12151:
12147:
12137:
12134:
12132:
12131:Working Group
12129:
12127:
12124:
12122:
12119:
12117:
12116:Kastner train
12114:
12112:
12109:
12107:
12104:
12103:
12101:
12099:
12095:
12087:
12084:
12082:
12079:
12077:
12074:
12073:
12072:
12069:
12065:
12062:
12061:
12060:
12057:
12056:
12054:
12052:
12048:
12042:
12039:
12037:
12034:
12032:
12029:
12027:
12024:
12022:
12019:
12017:
12014:
12012:
12009:
12007:
12004:
12002:
11999:
11997:
11996:
11992:
11991:
11989:
11985:
11979:
11976:
11974:
11971:
11969:
11966:
11965:
11963:
11960:
11955:
11947:
11944:
11943:
11942:
11939:
11935:
11932:
11930:
11927:
11926:
11925:
11922:
11920:
11917:
11915:
11912:
11910:
11907:
11905:
11904:
11903:Kristallnacht
11900:
11899:
11897:
11893:
11887:
11884:
11882:
11879:
11877:
11874:
11873:
11871:
11869:
11865:
11862:
11860:
11856:
11852:
11848:
11843:
11839:
11821:
11818:
11816:
11813:
11811:
11808:
11807:
11805:
11803:
11802:
11797:
11791:
11788:
11786:
11783:
11781:
11778:
11776:
11773:
11771:
11768:
11766:
11763:
11762:
11760:
11756:
11750:
11747:
11745:
11742:
11740:
11737:
11735:
11732:
11730:
11727:
11725:
11722:
11720:
11717:
11716:
11714:
11712:
11708:
11705:
11702:
11698:
11694:
11688:
11687:
11686:Sanitätswesen
11683:
11681:
11680:
11676:
11674:
11671:
11669:
11668:
11663:
11662:
11660:
11656:
11650:
11649:Death marches
11647:
11645:
11642:
11640:
11637:
11635:
11632:
11630:
11627:
11625:
11622:
11621:
11619:
11615:
11609:
11606:
11604:
11599:
11597:
11594:
11592:
11589:
11587:
11584:
11582:
11577:
11575:
11572:
11570:
11567:
11565:
11564:
11558:
11556:
11553:
11551:
11548:
11546:
11545:
11539:
11537:
11534:
11532:
11529:
11527:
11522:
11521:
11519:
11515:
11509:
11506:
11504:
11501:
11499:
11496:
11494:
11491:
11489:
11486:
11484:
11481:
11480:
11478:
11476:
11475:Extermination
11472:
11466:
11463:
11461:
11458:
11456:
11453:
11451:
11450:Sachsenhausen
11448:
11446:
11443:
11441:
11438:
11436:
11433:
11431:
11428:
11426:
11422:
11419:
11417:
11414:
11412:
11409:
11407:
11404:
11402:
11399:
11397:
11394:
11392:
11391:Herzogenbusch
11389:
11387:
11384:
11382:
11379:
11377:
11374:
11372:
11369:
11367:
11366:Bergen-Belsen
11364:
11362:
11359:
11358:
11356:
11354:
11353:Concentration
11350:
11346:
11342:
11338:
11333:
11329:
11317:
11314:
11312:
11309:
11307:
11304:
11303:
11302:
11299:
11295:
11292:
11290:
11289:United States
11287:
11285:
11282:
11280:
11277:
11275:
11272:
11270:
11267:
11265:
11262:
11260:
11257:
11256:
11255:
11252:
11251:
11249:
11245:
11239:
11236:
11234:
11231:
11229:
11226:
11224:
11221:
11220:
11218:
11214:
11206:
11203:
11201:
11198:
11197:
11195:
11191:
11188:
11186:
11183:
11181:
11178:
11177:
11176:
11173:
11171:
11168:
11166:
11163:
11161:
11158:
11156:
11153:
11151:
11148:
11146:
11143:
11141:
11138:
11134:
11131:
11130:
11129:and colonies
11128:
11125:
11123:
11120:
11116:
11113:
11112:
11111:
11108:
11106:
11103:
11101:
11098:
11096:
11093:
11091:
11088:
11084:
11081:
11079:
11076:
11074:
11071:
11070:
11068:
11066:
11063:
11061:
11058:
11056:
11053:
11051:
11048:
11047:
11045:
11041:
11037:
11033:
11032:The Holocaust
11026:
11021:
11019:
11014:
11012:
11007:
11006:
11003:
10994:
10990:
10986:
10982:
10981:
10976:
10971:
10966:
10961:
10957:
10953:
10952:
10947:
10942:
10938:
10934:
10930:
10926:
10921:
10916:
10912:
10908:
10904:
10900:
10896:
10892:
10888:
10884:
10883:
10878:
10874:
10870:
10866:
10862:
10858:
10853:
10852:
10840:
10834:
10830:
10826:
10822:
10818:
10814:
10808:
10804:
10800:
10796:
10792:
10786:
10782:
10778:
10774:
10770:
10766:
10754:
10746:
10740:
10736:
10732:
10728:
10723:
10719:
10713:
10709:
10704:
10693:
10689:
10685:
10679:
10675:
10671:
10667:
10663:
10659:
10654:
10650:
10644:
10640:
10636:
10632:
10628:
10622:
10618:
10613:
10609:
10603:
10599:
10594:
10590:
10584:
10580:
10576:
10572:
10568:
10564:
10558:
10554:
10550:
10545:
10541:
10535:
10531:
10527:
10523:
10519:
10518:King, Charles
10515:
10511:
10505:
10501:
10496:
10492:
10486:
10482:
10478:
10473:
10469:
10463:
10459:
10455:
10451:
10447:
10443:
10437:
10433:
10429:
10425:
10424:Ther, Philipp
10420:
10416:
10410:
10406:
10402:
10398:
10394:
10390:
10384:
10380:
10376:
10372:
10368:
10362:
10358:
10354:
10350:
10346:
10340:
10336:
10332:
10328:
10324:
10320:
10314:
10310:
10306:
10302:
10298:
10292:
10288:
10284:
10280:
10276:
10275:
10271:Book chapters
10263:
10257:
10253:
10249:
10245:
10241:
10237:
10231:
10227:
10223:
10218:
10214:
10208:
10204:
10200:
10196:
10192:
10188:
10182:
10178:
10174:
10173:
10168:
10164:
10160:
10156:
10152:
10146:
10142:
10138:
10134:
10133:
10127:
10123:
10117:
10113:
10109:
10105:
10101:
10097:
10091:
10087:
10083:
10082:
10077:
10072:
10068:
10062:
10058:
10057:
10052:
10047:
10043:
10041:0-7006-1280-7
10037:
10033:
10029:
10025:
10020:
10016:
10010:
10006:
10002:
9998:
9994:
9990:
9984:
9980:
9976:
9975:
9970:
9966:
9962:
9956:
9952:
9948:
9947:
9941:
9937:
9931:
9927:
9923:
9922:
9917:
9913:
9909:
9905:
9901:
9897:
9893:
9887:
9883:
9879:
9875:
9871:
9867:
9861:
9857:
9856:
9850:
9846:
9842:
9838:
9834:
9833:
9828:
9824:
9820:
9814:
9810:
9806:
9805:
9800:
9796:
9792:
9786:
9782:
9778:
9777:
9772:
9768:
9764:
9758:
9754:
9750:
9746:
9745:
9740:
9736:
9732:
9726:
9722:
9718:
9717:
9711:
9707:
9701:
9697:
9693:
9689:
9685:
9681:
9675:
9671:
9667:
9663:
9662:Bergen, Doris
9659:
9655:
9649:
9645:
9641:
9637:
9633:
9629:
9623:
9619:
9615:
9611:
9607:
9603:
9597:
9593:
9589:
9588:
9583:
9579:
9575:
9569:
9565:
9561:
9560:
9555:
9551:
9550:
9524:
9520:
9514:
9507:
9502:
9494:
9488:
9484:
9480:
9474:
9467:
9462:
9455:
9450:
9443:
9438:
9431:
9426:
9418:
9412:
9408:
9404:
9398:
9390:
9384:
9380:
9373:
9365:
9359:
9351:
9345:
9338:
9337:
9329:
9321:
9317:
9313:
9309:
9303:
9295:
9289:
9285:
9278:
9271:
9266:
9258:
9254:
9250:
9246:
9242:
9235:
9228:
9223:
9216:
9211:
9204:
9199:
9197:
9189:
9184:
9177:
9172:
9166:, p. 22.
9165:
9160:
9153:
9148:
9142:, p. 93.
9141:
9136:
9129:
9124:
9118:, p. 14.
9117:
9112:
9105:
9100:
9093:
9088:
9081:
9076:
9074:
9072:
9063:
9061:0-231-11215-7
9057:
9053:
9052:
9047:
9041:
9033:
9027:
9023:
9022:
9014:
9006:
9000:
8996:
8995:
8990:
8989:Straus, Scott
8984:
8976:
8970:
8966:
8962:
8956:
8949:
8944:
8937:
8932:
8925:
8920:
8914:, p. 97.
8913:
8908:
8901:
8896:
8889:
8887:
8880:
8873:
8871:
8864:
8857:
8852:
8845:
8843:
8836:
8829:
8824:
8809:
8808:
8803:
8797:
8790:
8785:
8778:
8773:
8771:
8763:
8758:
8751:
8746:
8739:
8734:
8727:
8726:Wittmann 2010
8722:
8715:
8710:
8703:
8702:Wittmann 2010
8698:
8691:
8690:Wittmann 2010
8686:
8679:
8674:
8667:
8662:
8655:
8654:Wittmann 2010
8650:
8643:
8638:
8631:
8626:
8619:
8614:
8607:
8602:
8600:
8592:
8587:
8580:
8575:
8568:
8563:
8556:
8551:
8549:
8541:
8535:
8534:
8529:
8523:
8516:
8512:
8506:
8502:
8498:
8492:
8476:
8472:
8471:
8466:
8460:
8453:
8448:
8441:
8436:
8429:
8424:
8417:
8412:
8404:
8400:
8395:
8390:
8386:
8382:
8378:
8374:
8370:
8366:
8362:
8358:
8357:
8352:
8345:
8330:
8326:
8319:
8311:
8307:
8303:
8299:
8295:
8291:
8287:
8280:
8273:
8268:
8261:
8256:
8249:
8244:
8237:
8232:
8217:
8216:
8211:
8205:
8198:
8193:
8186:
8181:
8179:
8171:
8166:
8158:
8152:
8148:
8144:
8140:
8136:
8135:
8130:
8124:
8116:
8110:
8106:
8102:
8101:
8100:Der Holocaust
8096:
8090:
8082:
8076:
8072:
8071:
8063:
8056:
8051:
8049:
8041:
8036:
8034:
8032:
8024:
8019:
8013:, p. 69.
8012:
8007:
8000:
7995:
7988:
7983:
7976:
7971:
7964:
7959:
7952:
7947:
7940:
7935:
7928:
7923:
7921:
7913:
7908:
7906:
7898:
7893:
7891:
7883:
7878:
7871:
7866:
7859:
7854:
7847:
7842:
7835:
7830:
7823:
7818:
7811:
7806:
7799:
7794:
7787:
7782:
7775:
7770:
7763:
7758:
7751:
7746:
7739:
7734:
7727:
7722:
7715:
7710:
7703:
7698:
7691:
7686:
7684:
7676:
7671:
7665:, p. 61.
7664:
7659:
7653:, p. 55.
7652:
7647:
7631:
7627:
7626:
7621:
7615:
7608:
7603:
7596:
7591:
7584:
7579:
7572:
7571:Burzlaff 2020
7567:
7560:
7555:
7548:
7543:
7536:
7531:
7524:
7523:Cesarani 2016
7519:
7512:
7507:
7500:
7495:
7488:
7487:Burzlaff 2020
7483:
7476:
7471:
7464:
7459:
7452:
7447:
7445:
7437:
7432:
7425:
7424:Burzlaff 2020
7420:
7413:
7408:
7401:
7396:
7389:
7384:
7377:
7372:
7365:
7360:
7353:
7348:
7341:
7340:Burzlaff 2020
7336:
7329:
7324:
7317:
7312:
7305:
7300:
7298:
7296:
7287:
7281:
7277:
7273:
7266:
7258:
7256:9780191676697
7252:
7248:
7244:
7240:
7236:
7232:
7226:
7218:
7216:9780399118456
7212:
7208:
7204:
7197:
7195:
7186:
7182:
7176:
7168:
7164:
7163:
7158:
7151:
7142:
7140:1-57181-775-1
7136:
7132:
7125:
7109:
7107:0-8143-2920-9
7103:
7099:
7093:
7088:
7087:
7079:
7072:
7067:
7060:
7055:
7048:
7043:
7036:
7031:
7024:
7019:
7012:
7007:
7000:
6995:
6988:
6983:
6976:
6971:
6964:
6959:
6952:
6947:
6940:
6935:
6928:
6923:
6916:
6911:
6904:
6899:
6892:
6887:
6880:
6875:
6868:
6863:
6856:
6851:
6849:
6841:
6836:
6829:
6824:
6817:
6812:
6805:
6800:
6793:
6788:
6781:
6776:
6769:
6764:
6757:
6752:
6750:
6742:
6737:
6730:
6725:
6718:
6713:
6706:
6701:
6695:, p. 13.
6694:
6689:
6682:
6681:Burzlaff 2020
6677:
6670:
6665:
6658:
6653:
6646:
6645:Burzlaff 2020
6641:
6634:
6629:
6627:
6619:
6614:
6607:
6602:
6595:
6590:
6583:
6578:
6571:
6566:
6559:
6554:
6547:
6542:
6535:
6530:
6523:
6522:Burzlaff 2020
6518:
6511:
6506:
6504:
6502:
6500:
6492:
6487:
6480:
6475:
6468:
6463:
6456:
6451:
6444:
6439:
6432:
6427:
6420:
6415:
6408:
6403:
6396:
6391:
6385:, p. 35.
6384:
6379:
6372:
6367:
6360:
6355:
6348:
6343:
6336:
6331:
6324:
6319:
6312:
6307:
6291:
6290:
6285:
6278:
6271:
6266:
6259:
6254:
6247:
6242:
6235:
6230:
6224:, p. 97.
6223:
6218:
6216:
6214:
6206:
6201:
6194:
6189:
6182:
6177:
6170:
6165:
6158:
6153:
6146:
6141:
6134:
6129:
6122:
6117:
6110:
6105:
6098:
6093:
6086:
6081:
6074:
6069:
6062:
6057:
6050:
6045:
6038:
6033:
6031:
6023:
6018:
6011:
6006:
6004:
5996:
5991:
5984:
5979:
5972:
5967:
5960:
5955:
5953:
5945:
5940:
5934:, p. 91.
5933:
5928:
5926:
5918:
5913:
5911:
5904:, p. 63.
5903:
5898:
5896:
5894:
5886:
5881:
5879:
5877:
5869:
5864:
5862:
5860:
5858:
5856:
5854:
5852:
5850:
5848:
5846:
5844:
5842:
5840:
5838:
5836:
5834:
5832:
5830:
5822:
5817:
5810:
5805:
5798:
5793:
5786:
5781:
5774:
5769:
5762:
5757:
5750:
5745:
5737:
5733:
5728:
5723:
5719:
5715:
5711:
5707:
5703:
5699:
5695:
5688:
5680:
5674:
5669:
5668:
5659:
5652:
5647:
5640:
5635:
5633:
5625:
5620:
5613:
5608:
5601:
5596:
5589:
5584:
5577:
5572:
5570:
5562:
5557:
5550:
5545:
5538:
5537:Browning 2004
5533:
5526:
5521:
5519:
5511:
5506:
5499:
5494:
5487:
5482:
5475:
5472:
5467:
5465:
5457:
5453:
5448:
5441:
5436:
5434:
5426:
5421:
5414:
5409:
5403:, p. 74.
5402:
5397:
5395:
5387:
5382:
5376:, p. 99.
5375:
5370:
5368:
5360:
5355:
5348:
5343:
5336:
5331:
5324:
5319:
5317:
5315:
5313:
5305:
5300:
5293:
5288:
5281:
5276:
5270:, p. 78.
5269:
5264:
5262:
5260:
5252:
5247:
5240:
5235:
5228:
5223:
5216:
5211:
5209:
5202:, p. 71.
5201:
5196:
5189:
5184:
5177:
5172:
5165:
5160:
5153:
5148:
5141:
5136:
5130:, p. 76.
5129:
5124:
5117:
5112:
5105:
5100:
5093:
5088:
5081:
5076:
5069:
5064:
5058:, p. 36.
5057:
5052:
5045:
5040:
5033:
5028:
5022:, p. 79.
5021:
5016:
5014:
5006:
5001:
4994:
4989:
4983:, p. 70.
4982:
4977:
4975:
4973:
4965:
4960:
4953:
4948:
4941:
4936:
4929:
4924:
4922:
4920:
4912:
4907:
4901:, p. 66.
4900:
4895:
4888:
4883:
4876:
4871:
4864:
4859:
4853:, p. 69.
4852:
4847:
4845:
4837:
4832:
4825:
4824:Kopstein 2023
4820:
4813:
4812:Kopstein 2023
4808:
4801:
4796:
4789:
4784:
4777:
4773:
4768:
4761:
4756:
4749:
4744:
4737:
4732:
4725:
4720:
4713:
4708:
4706:
4698:
4693:
4691:
4683:
4678:
4671:
4666:
4664:
4656:
4651:
4644:
4639:
4632:
4627:
4620:
4615:
4608:
4603:
4597:, p. 72.
4596:
4591:
4584:
4579:
4572:
4567:
4560:
4555:
4548:
4543:
4536:
4531:
4524:
4519:
4513:, p. 67.
4512:
4507:
4500:
4495:
4488:
4483:
4477:, p. 68.
4476:
4471:
4464:
4459:
4452:
4447:
4440:
4435:
4428:
4423:
4416:
4411:
4404:
4403:Cesarani 2016
4399:
4393:, p. 67.
4392:
4387:
4380:
4375:
4368:
4363:
4356:
4355:Cesarani 2016
4351:
4344:
4339:
4332:
4327:
4320:
4315:
4313:
4311:
4303:
4298:
4291:
4286:
4279:
4274:
4267:
4262:
4255:
4250:
4243:
4238:
4231:
4226:
4224:
4216:
4211:
4204:
4199:
4192:
4187:
4180:
4175:
4173:
4165:
4160:
4158:
4156:
4148:
4143:
4136:
4131:
4124:
4119:
4113:, p. 40.
4112:
4107:
4100:
4095:
4088:
4083:
4076:
4071:
4065:, p. 59.
4064:
4059:
4057:
4049:
4048:Cesarani 2016
4044:
4038:, p. 37.
4037:
4032:
4025:
4020:
4014:, p. 38.
4013:
4008:
4001:
3996:
3989:
3988:Cesarani 2016
3984:
3978:, p. 86.
3977:
3972:
3965:
3960:
3954:, p. 58.
3953:
3948:
3946:
3938:
3933:
3926:
3921:
3914:
3909:
3902:
3897:
3891:, p. 98.
3890:
3885:
3879:, p. 57.
3878:
3873:
3871:
3864:, p. 56.
3863:
3858:
3856:
3854:
3846:
3841:
3835:, p. 49.
3834:
3829:
3822:
3817:
3811:, p. 51.
3810:
3805:
3799:, p. 50.
3798:
3793:
3787:, p. 52.
3786:
3781:
3774:
3769:
3763:, p. 48.
3762:
3757:
3741:
3735:
3733:
3725:
3720:
3713:
3708:
3701:
3700:Cesarani 2016
3696:
3689:
3684:
3678:, p. 44.
3677:
3672:
3665:
3664:Cesarani 2016
3660:
3653:
3652:Cesarani 2016
3648:
3642:, p. 46.
3641:
3636:
3630:, p. 45.
3629:
3624:
3617:
3612:
3605:
3600:
3594:, p. 42.
3593:
3588:
3581:
3580:Cesarani 2016
3576:
3570:, p. 41.
3569:
3564:
3562:
3554:
3549:
3543:, p. 52.
3542:
3537:
3535:
3527:
3522:
3516:, p. 96.
3515:
3510:
3508:
3501:, p. 43.
3500:
3495:
3488:
3487:Cesarani 2016
3483:
3477:, p. 40.
3476:
3471:
3469:
3462:, p. 65.
3461:
3456:
3449:
3444:
3438:, p. 35.
3437:
3432:
3425:
3420:
3414:, p. 55.
3413:
3408:
3406:
3399:, p. 67.
3398:
3393:
3387:, p. 66.
3386:
3381:
3374:
3369:
3363:, p. 39.
3362:
3357:
3355:
3353:
3345:
3340:
3333:
3328:
3322:, p. 33.
3321:
3316:
3309:
3304:
3302:
3295:, p. 18.
3294:
3289:
3283:, p. 59.
3282:
3277:
3270:
3265:
3259:, p. 17.
3258:
3253:
3251:
3243:
3238:
3231:
3226:
3220:, p. 42.
3219:
3214:
3207:
3202:
3196:, p. 57.
3195:
3190:
3183:
3178:
3171:
3166:
3159:
3154:
3147:
3142:
3136:, p. 65.
3135:
3130:
3128:
3126:
3119:, p. 24.
3118:
3113:
3106:
3101:
3099:
3092:, p. 37.
3091:
3086:
3080:, p. 62.
3079:
3074:
3067:
3062:
3055:
3050:
3044:, p. 25.
3043:
3038:
3031:
3026:
3019:
3014:
3007:
3002:
2995:
2990:
2984:, p. 58.
2983:
2978:
2971:
2966:
2960:, p. 22.
2959:
2954:
2948:, p. 15.
2947:
2942:
2935:
2930:
2923:
2918:
2911:
2910:Calimani 2018
2906:
2899:
2894:
2892:
2884:
2879:
2872:
2867:
2860:
2859:Cesarani 2016
2855:
2853:
2846:, p. 14.
2845:
2840:
2836:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2809:
2800:
2798:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2765:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2737:Cesarani 2016
2734:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2705:
2701:
2696:
2692:
2684:
2682:
2677:
2675:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2657:
2655:
2651:
2646:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2635:seeking entry
2632:
2627:
2622:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2587:Wolfgang Benz
2583:
2579:
2578:A. Dirk Moses
2570:
2566:
2557:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2529:
2527:
2516:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2488:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2450:
2448:
2443:
2442:Kielce pogrom
2432:
2422:
2420:
2416:
2411:
2409:
2405:
2400:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2380:
2378:
2312:
2307:
2297:
2295:
2289:
2282:
2281:Bergen-Belsen
2277:
2268:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2249:
2247:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2217:were deported
2210:
2206:
2201:
2187:
2183:
2181:
2177:
2172:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2143:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2103:
2097:
2090:
2085:
2076:
2074:
2073:camp brothels
2070:
2066:
2065:
2058:
2054:
2051:
2046:
2038:
2033:
2032:
2025:
2018:
2013:
2008:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1983:puppet states
1978:
1976:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1958:
1955:
1947:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1923:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1868:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1839:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1815:
1806:
1804:
1803:Wola Massacre
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1768:
1766:
1761:
1753:
1749:
1744:
1740:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1720:
1718:
1713:
1709:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1663:
1656:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1522:
1502:
1496:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1473:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1460:the camps in
1457:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1403:
1398:
1388:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1372:
1370:
1369:1939 prophecy
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1331:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1315:
1313:
1312:another 1,000
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1244:
1237:
1232:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1213:Schutzstaffel
1210:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1153:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1132:
1125:
1120:
1116:
1114:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1065:
1063:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1035:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1006:
1002:
1001:Warsaw Ghetto
997:
991:
987:
982:
977:
967:
965:
960:
958:
957:military rule
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
917:
913:
909:
905:
900:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
873:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
851:
843:
839:
834:
825:
823:
819:
813:
811:
807:
803:
799:
794:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
775:
774:Kristallnacht
770:
766:
758:
757:
756:Kristallnacht
752:
747:
743:
741:
740:
735:
731:
727:
726:civil service
723:
718:
712:
706:
696:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
668:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
637:
633:
629:
625:
617:
613:
604:
602:
598:
594:
590:
589:
584:
580:
577:unbounded by
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
553:
549:
544:
540:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
501:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
429:
425:
421:
416:
407:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
382:, as well as
381:
377:
373:
369:
363:
353:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
330:
328:
324:
320:
316:
311:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
272:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
209:European Jews
206:
202:
201:The Holocaust
194:
190:
186:
183:
179:
176:
173:
169:
166:
162:
158:
157:death marches
154:
153:mass shooting
150:
146:
142:
139:
133:
129:
125:
122:
118:
114:
110:
105:
102:to go to the
101:
97:
93:
87:
82:
79:
74:
71:The Holocaust
69:
63:
59:
58:
54:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
27320:Vichy France
27239:
27222:
27205:
27188:
27171:
27154:
27142:from Commons
27137:
27120:
27099:
27073:Bibliography
27056:
26869:Project Hula
26834:Vistula–Oder
26803:
26736:
26727:
26711:
26681:
26630:
26614:
26605:
26596:
26562:
26459:
26374:
26350:
26320:
26071:
25964:
25909:North Africa
25611:Soviet Union
25565:Soviet Union
25491:Soviet Union
25259:Vatican City
25162:Vichy France
25067:German Reich
24964:Soviet Union
24950:South Africa
24943:Sierra Leone
24896:Newfoundland
24715:Participants
24698:Marocchinate
24532:
24402:
24393:
24363:
24241:North Africa
24202:Indian Ocean
24061:Nazi plunder
23952:Cryptography
23825:World War II
23635:(1991–2001)
23615:(1984–1989)
23575:Famen Temple
23565:(1966–1976)
23428:
23375:(1922–1991)
23344:(1913–1922)
22875:Christianity
22865:Baháʼí Faith
22743:in Australia
22733:Racial quota
22377:Soviet Union
22320:Saudi Arabia
22261:South Africa
22188:Ethnic slurs
22183:Ethnic jokes
22085:Internalized
21903:Architecture
21851:SS personnel
21792:SUMKA (Iran)
21723:
21379:Social order
21304:Antisemitism
21257:Palingenetic
21148:Dictatorship
21117:Conspiracism
21041:Labour camps
21011:Deportations
20998:
20972:World War II
20917:Kirchenkampf
20905:Nazi Germany
20786:Hitler Youth
20750:Organisation
20573:Israel riots
20565:2020–present
20218:21st century
20159:AMIA bombing
19743:Cairo pogrom
19575:
19346:
19324:Brest pogrom
19114:Skver pogrom
19011:20th century
18988:Corfu pogrom
18889:Tzfat pogrom
18798:Safed pogrom
18774:Arles pogrom
18726:1391 pogroms
18591:Ham massacre
18532:Fez massacre
18332:
18328:World War II
18318:Soviet Union
18298:Emancipation
18293:Disabilities
18074:Roman Empire
17991:Roman Judaea
17721:Thomas Sneum
17662:Heinz Kokott
17534:
17526:
17466:Heinz Macher
17419:Adolf Hitler
17392:
17372:
17238:21st century
17195:Ratko Mladić
17119:20th century
17062:Belzec trial
16826:Genocide law
16686:Death squads
16596:Mass killing
16506:Autogenocide
16390:21st century
16153:1946 to 1999
16070:
16025:(1935–1945)
15983:Libyan Arabs
15848:1913 to 1945
15509:1490 to 1913
15307:Jäger Report
15257:Lviv pogroms
15176:
15168:
15065:Kalevi-Liiva
15042:Minsk Ghetto
15005:
14994:Rollkommando
14993:
14981:
14951:
14935:Sonderdienst
14933:
14926:
14913:
14905:
14897:
14894: (RSHA)
14889:
14881:
14809:Felix Landau
14768:Martin Weiss
14748:Erwin Schulz
14723:Walter Rauff
14703:Rudolf Lange
14658:Ernst Damzog
14648:Karl Brunner
14628:Walter Blume
14598:Gerhard Bast
14584:
14579:
14528:Bruno Müller
14489:
14449:
14443:
14399:
14348:Heinz Hitler
14338:(half-niece)
14324:Paula Hitler
14300:Klara Hitler
14294:Alois Hitler
14267:
14260:
14253:
14246:
14239:
14227:
14220:
14213:
14206:
14046:Obersalzberg
13997:
13945:Führerbunker
13944:
13922:Headquarters
13919:
13882:
13878:World War II
13873:Nazi Germany
13826:Zweites Buch
13824:
13805:
13769:
13762:
13749:Adolf Hitler
13687:21st century
13667:South Africa
13633:Labour Party
13554:21st century
13497:Saudi Arabia
13421:Yellow badge
13371:
13367:Jewish quota
13356:
13294:
13256:
13231:Yellow badge
13198:
13099:
13043:Anti-Judaism
12997:
12983:
12971:
12947:
12943:Ku Klux Klan
12918:
12894:Anti-Zionism
12878:Universities
12841:Christianity
12751:Adolf Hitler
12697:Antisemitism
12640:Yizkor books
12301:
12248:
11993:
11941:in Lithuania
11901:
11799:
11684:
11677:
11666:
11600:
11578:
11559:
11540:
11523:
11306:by Catholics
11175:Soviet Union
11043:By territory
11031:
10984:
10978:
10955:
10949:
10910:
10886:
10880:
10877:Láníček, Jan
10860:
10856:
10824:
10802:
10776:
10726:
10707:
10695:. Retrieved
10661:
10638:
10616:
10597:
10574:
10548:
10525:
10499:
10476:
10453:
10450:Hayes, Peter
10427:
10400:
10378:
10375:Engel, David
10356:
10330:
10308:
10305:Bartov, Omer
10282:
10247:
10221:
10198:
10171:
10131:
10107:
10080:
10055:
10030:. New York:
10027:
10000:
9973:
9969:Kay, Alex J.
9945:
9920:
9916:Hayes, Peter
9906:. New York:
9903:
9900:Hayes, Peter
9877:
9854:
9831:
9803:
9799:Engel, David
9774:
9743:
9720:
9715:
9691:
9665:
9639:
9613:
9586:
9582:Bartov, Omer
9558:
9527:. Retrieved
9522:
9513:
9501:
9482:
9479:Bartov, Omer
9473:
9468:, p. 2.
9461:
9449:
9437:
9432:, p. 6.
9425:
9406:
9397:
9378:
9372:
9335:
9328:
9319:
9315:
9308:Rummel, R.J.
9302:
9283:
9277:
9265:
9248:
9244:
9234:
9227:Assmann 2010
9222:
9215:Assmann 2010
9210:
9183:
9176:Bartov 2023b
9171:
9159:
9152:Bartov 2023b
9147:
9135:
9128:Priemel 2020
9123:
9111:
9104:Assmann 2010
9099:
9094:, p. 8.
9087:
9050:
9040:
9020:
9013:
8993:
8983:
8964:
8955:
8948:Assmann 2010
8943:
8931:
8924:Assmann 2010
8919:
8912:Assmann 2010
8907:
8895:
8885:
8879:
8869:
8863:
8851:
8841:
8835:
8823:
8811:. Retrieved
8805:
8796:
8784:
8764:, p. 7.
8757:
8750:Bartov 2023b
8745:
8738:Priemel 2020
8733:
8721:
8714:Priemel 2020
8709:
8697:
8685:
8678:Priemel 2020
8673:
8666:Priemel 2020
8661:
8649:
8642:Priemel 2020
8637:
8630:Kochavi 2010
8625:
8618:Kochavi 2010
8613:
8606:Kochavi 2010
8591:Gerlach 2016
8586:
8574:
8562:
8557:, p. 3.
8555:Gerlach 2016
8531:
8522:
8514:
8500:
8491:
8479:. Retrieved
8475:the original
8468:
8459:
8447:
8435:
8423:
8416:Gerlach 2016
8411:
8360:
8354:
8344:
8332:. Retrieved
8328:
8318:
8296:(1): 29–34.
8293:
8289:
8279:
8272:Gerlach 2016
8267:
8260:Gerlach 2016
8255:
8248:Gerlach 2016
8243:
8236:Gerlach 2016
8231:
8219:. Retrieved
8213:
8204:
8197:Gerlach 2016
8192:
8172:, p. 1.
8165:
8133:
8123:
8099:
8089:
8069:
8062:
8055:Bartov 2023b
8040:Bartov 2023b
8023:Priemel 2020
8018:
8006:
7994:
7982:
7970:
7958:
7946:
7939:Gerlach 2016
7934:
7877:
7870:Gerlach 2016
7865:
7853:
7846:Gerlach 2016
7841:
7829:
7822:Gerlach 2016
7817:
7810:Gerlach 2016
7805:
7793:
7781:
7774:Gerlach 2016
7769:
7762:Gerlach 2016
7757:
7750:Gerlach 2016
7745:
7733:
7721:
7714:Gerlach 2016
7709:
7697:
7677:, p. 2.
7670:
7658:
7646:
7634:. Retrieved
7630:the original
7623:
7614:
7602:
7595:Láníček 2012
7590:
7578:
7566:
7554:
7542:
7530:
7518:
7511:Gerlach 2016
7506:
7499:Gerlach 2016
7494:
7482:
7470:
7458:
7451:Bartov 2023b
7436:Gerlach 2016
7431:
7419:
7407:
7400:Gerlach 2016
7395:
7388:Gerlach 2016
7383:
7376:Gerlach 2016
7371:
7359:
7352:Gerlach 2016
7347:
7335:
7323:
7316:Gerlach 2016
7311:
7304:Gerlach 2016
7271:
7265:
7234:
7225:
7202:
7187:(in German).
7185:ns-archiv.de
7184:
7175:
7167:the original
7160:
7150:
7130:
7124:
7111:. Retrieved
7092:Google Books
7085:
7078:
7071:Gerlach 2016
7066:
7059:Gerlach 2016
7054:
7047:Gerlach 2016
7042:
7035:Gerlach 2016
7030:
7023:Gerlach 2016
7018:
7011:Gerlach 2016
7006:
6994:
6982:
6970:
6958:
6946:
6934:
6922:
6910:
6898:
6886:
6879:Spoerer 2020
6874:
6867:Gerlach 2016
6862:
6855:Spoerer 2020
6840:Gerlach 2016
6835:
6828:Spoerer 2020
6823:
6816:Spoerer 2020
6811:
6799:
6787:
6780:Gerlach 2016
6775:
6763:
6756:Gerlach 2016
6741:Gerlach 2016
6736:
6729:Gerlach 2016
6724:
6712:
6700:
6693:Gerlach 2016
6688:
6676:
6664:
6657:Bloxham 2009
6652:
6640:
6618:Bloxham 2009
6613:
6606:Bartov 2023b
6601:
6594:Bartov 2023b
6589:
6582:Bloxham 2009
6577:
6565:
6558:Bloxham 2009
6553:
6541:
6534:Bloxham 2009
6529:
6517:
6493:, p. 2.
6486:
6479:Gerlach 2016
6474:
6467:Gerlach 2016
6462:
6455:Gerlach 2016
6450:
6438:
6431:Gerlach 2016
6426:
6414:
6402:
6395:Gerlach 2016
6390:
6378:
6366:
6359:Gerlach 2016
6354:
6342:
6330:
6323:Gerlach 2016
6318:
6311:Gerlach 2016
6306:
6294:. Retrieved
6287:
6277:
6270:Gerlach 2016
6265:
6258:Gerlach 2016
6253:
6246:Gerlach 2016
6241:
6229:
6222:Gerlach 2016
6200:
6188:
6181:Gerlach 2016
6176:
6164:
6157:Gerlach 2016
6152:
6140:
6128:
6116:
6104:
6097:Gerlach 2016
6092:
6080:
6068:
6056:
6044:
6037:Bartov 2023b
6017:
5990:
5978:
5966:
5944:Gerlach 2016
5939:
5932:Gerlach 2016
5917:Gerlach 2016
5885:Gerlach 2016
5868:Gerlach 2016
5816:
5809:Gerlach 2016
5804:
5792:
5785:Gerlach 2016
5780:
5773:Gerlach 2016
5768:
5756:
5749:Gerlach 2016
5744:
5701:
5697:
5687:
5666:
5658:
5651:Gerlach 2016
5646:
5639:Gerlach 2016
5619:
5607:
5595:
5588:Gerlach 2016
5583:
5561:Gerlach 2016
5556:
5544:
5532:
5510:Gerlach 2016
5505:
5493:
5481:
5476:, pp. 96, 99
5473:
5455:
5447:
5420:
5408:
5401:Gerlach 2016
5381:
5374:Gerlach 2016
5354:
5347:Gerlach 2016
5342:
5330:
5304:Gerlach 2016
5299:
5287:
5280:Bartov 2023b
5275:
5268:Gerlach 2016
5246:
5234:
5222:
5200:Gerlach 2016
5195:
5188:Bartov 2023b
5183:
5171:
5159:
5147:
5135:
5128:Gerlach 2016
5123:
5111:
5104:Gerlach 2016
5099:
5087:
5080:Gerlach 2016
5075:
5068:Gerlach 2016
5063:
5051:
5044:Bartov 2023b
5039:
5032:Gerlach 2016
5027:
5020:Gerlach 2016
5005:Bartov 2023b
5000:
4993:Bloxham 2009
4988:
4981:Gerlach 2016
4964:Russell 2018
4959:
4952:Gerlach 2016
4947:
4935:
4906:
4899:Gerlach 2016
4894:
4882:
4870:
4858:
4851:Gerlach 2016
4836:Bartov 2023b
4831:
4819:
4807:
4800:Gerlach 2016
4795:
4788:Gerlach 2016
4783:
4767:
4755:
4748:Gerlach 2016
4743:
4731:
4719:
4712:Gerlach 2016
4697:Gerlach 2016
4682:Gerlach 2016
4677:
4655:Gerlach 2016
4650:
4638:
4631:Gerlach 2016
4626:
4614:
4609:, p. 5.
4607:Gerlach 2016
4602:
4595:Gerlach 2016
4590:
4578:
4571:Gerlach 2016
4566:
4554:
4547:Bloxham 2009
4542:
4535:Gerlach 2016
4530:
4518:
4506:
4499:Gerlach 2016
4494:
4482:
4475:Gerlach 2016
4470:
4458:
4446:
4439:Bartov 2023b
4434:
4422:
4415:Gerlach 2016
4410:
4398:
4391:Gerlach 2016
4386:
4374:
4362:
4350:
4338:
4326:
4297:
4285:
4273:
4261:
4249:
4237:
4210:
4203:Gerlach 2016
4198:
4186:
4164:Bartov 2023b
4142:
4130:
4118:
4106:
4094:
4082:
4070:
4063:Gerlach 2016
4043:
4031:
4019:
4007:
3995:
3983:
3971:
3959:
3952:Gerlach 2016
3932:
3920:
3913:Gerlach 2016
3908:
3896:
3884:
3877:Gerlach 2016
3862:Gerlach 2016
3840:
3833:Gerlach 2016
3828:
3821:Gerlach 2016
3816:
3809:Gerlach 2016
3804:
3797:Gerlach 2016
3792:
3785:Gerlach 2016
3780:
3773:Gerlach 2016
3768:
3761:Gerlach 2016
3756:
3744:. Retrieved
3719:
3707:
3695:
3683:
3676:Gerlach 2016
3671:
3659:
3647:
3640:Gerlach 2016
3635:
3628:Gerlach 2016
3623:
3616:Gerlach 2016
3611:
3604:Gerlach 2016
3599:
3592:Gerlach 2016
3587:
3575:
3568:Gerlach 2016
3548:
3526:Gerlach 2016
3521:
3494:
3489:, p. 7.
3482:
3475:Gerlach 2016
3455:
3448:Bloxham 2009
3443:
3431:
3419:
3412:Gerlach 2016
3392:
3380:
3368:
3361:Gerlach 2016
3339:
3332:Gerlach 2016
3327:
3315:
3308:Bloxham 2009
3288:
3276:
3264:
3237:
3225:
3213:
3201:
3189:
3182:Gerlach 2016
3177:
3170:Bartov 2023b
3165:
3158:Bloxham 2009
3153:
3146:Bloxham 2009
3141:
3112:
3090:Gerlach 2016
3085:
3073:
3066:Bartov 2023b
3061:
3054:Gerlach 2016
3049:
3037:
3025:
3018:Bartov 2023b
3013:
3006:Gerlach 2016
3001:
2994:Gerlach 2016
2989:
2977:
2965:
2958:Gilbert 2015
2953:
2946:Gerlach 2016
2941:
2936:, p. 4.
2929:
2924:, p. 2.
2917:
2905:
2878:
2866:
2844:Gerlach 2016
2839:
2808:
2785:Gerlach 2016
2764:
2753:Bloxham 2009
2729:Bartrop 2019
2721:Jackson 2021
2703:
2700:Bartov 2023a
2695:
2678:
2658:
2647:
2631:human rights
2623:
2582:Scott Straus
2574:
2549:nationalized
2537:an agreement
2530:
2522:
2504:West Germany
2489:
2474:
2439:
2412:
2401:
2381:
2373:
2290:
2286:
2250:
2223:, primarily
2214:
2209:Auschwitz II
2184:
2173:
2148:BBC services
2145:
2126:family camps
2111:
2107:
2099:
2062:
2059:
2055:
2042:
2039:in Auschwitz
2001:Forced labor
1987:Vichy France
1979:
1959:
1950:
1916:Finnish Jews
1886:had already
1869:
1844:from Belgium
1840:
1836:
1769:
1757:
1728:Order Police
1724:Trawniki men
1721:
1708:black market
1704:
1570:October 1941
1485:Trawniki men
1474:
1469:
1468:. Many died
1458:
1438:gas chambers
1413:
1408:
1373:
1359:after Japan
1346:, plans for
1337:
1323:Order Police
1318:
1316:
1284:Transnistria
1273:
1253:buried alive
1249:
1221:in Lithuania
1217:death squads
1212:
1199:
1197:
1171:
1166:Lviv pogroms
1129:
1110:
1071:
1059:
1039:Nazi ghettos
1036:
1032:
1009:
961:
901:
870:
848:
846:
814:
795:
772:
765:free of Jews
761:
754:
737:
714:
687:(1938), and
669:
659:. The Nazis
621:
586:
583:Adolf Hitler
563:its ideology
556:
502:
432:
418:View of the
399:
395:
375:
367:
365:
331:
312:
284:seized power
273:
269:other groups
264:
217:Nazi Germany
200:
199:
185:Nazi Germany
181:Perpetrators
121:Soviet Union
104:gas chambers
92:Auschwitz II
78:World War II
55:
47:
27122:Definitions
26804:Bodenplatte
26690:Gothic Line
25916:West Africa
25463:Philippines
25442:Netherlands
25307:Czech lands
25245:Switzerland
25189:Afghanistan
25133:Philippines
25001:Puerto Rico
24917:Philippines
24903:New Zealand
24889:Netherlands
24842:Free France
24593:Prosecution
24394:Osoaviakhim
24264:West Africa
24248:East Africa
23895:Conferences
23721:(2014–2017)
23709:(2014–2017)
23703:(2013–2016)
23641:(1992–1996)
23603:(1975–1979)
23597:(1975–1990)
23503:(1948–1980)
23449:(1945–1989)
23443:(1945–1989)
23437:(1941–1945)
23431:(1939–1945)
23419:(1936–1975)
23404:legislation
23369:(1917–1990)
23363:(1915–1923)
23357:(1914–1924)
23338:(1912–1913)
23326:(1862–1877)
23308:(1857–1858)
23302:(1789–1801)
23290:(1683–1922)
23284:(1673–1829)
23278:(1609–1614)
23272:(1562–1598)
23266:(1561–1812)
23260:(1526–1791)
23254:(1522–1712)
23248:(1500–1526)
23224:(1184–1908)
23222:Inquisition
23133:Segregation
23098:Intolerance
23038:Desecration
22980:Neopaganism
22973:Persecution
22934:Persecution
22917:Persecution
22880:Catholicism
22860:Exclusivism
22658:Anti-racism
22399:Middle East
22293:South Korea
22288:North Korea
22203:Hate speech
22125:Substantive
22105:Neocolonial
21963:Strasserism
21593:de Gobineau
21568:Chamberlain
21434:Politicians
21421:Volkskörper
21324:Master race
21294:Prussianism
21242:Nationalism
21197:Imperialism
21138:Corporatism
19922:1950s–1960s
19694:(1944–1945)
19578:(1941–1945)
19327: [
19256: [
19166:(1918–1920)
19138:Lwów pogrom
19106:Lwów pogrom
19050:Kiev pogrom
18951:(1881–1884)
18841:Mawza Exile
18827:(1648–1657)
18667:(1348–1350)
18655:(1336–1339)
18601:(1189–1190)
18195:Middle Ages
18104:Mesopotamia
17480:(occultist)
17444:(secretary)
17308:(2023–2024)
17276:(2020–2021)
17223:(1999–2015)
17215:(1997–2022)
17207:(1994–2015)
17197:(2011–2017)
17189:(2008–2016)
17181:(2002–2006)
17173:(1993–2017)
17165:(1993–2007)
17157:(1946–1948)
17141:(1946–1948)
17131:Budak trial
17102:Finta trial
17088:(1965–1966)
17080:(1964–1970)
17072:(1963–1989)
17064:(1963–1965)
17048:(1961–1962)
17024:(1946–1949)
17016:(1946–1948)
17008:(1946–1948)
17000:(1946–1953)
16992:(1946–1947)
16976:(1945–1946)
16974:Minsk trial
16968:(1945–1946)
16960:(1945–1949)
16952:(1945–1948)
16944:(1945–1947)
16936:(1945–2001)
16928:(1944–1989)
16920:(1944–1951)
16890:(1943–2022)
16796:Definitions
16446:(2014–2017)
16438:(2014–2017)
16430:(2011–2023)
16405:(2002–2003)
16374:(1996–1997)
16349:(1992–1995)
16341:(1991–2003)
16325:(1987–2002)
16317:(1987–1989)
16309:(1986–1989)
16293:(1983–1987)
16291:Gukurahundi
16285:(1983–2009)
16269:(1977–1997)
16261:(1975–1979)
16253:(1974–1999)
16216:(1970–2003)
16214:Feyli Kurds
16208:(1966–1970)
16184:(1962–1996)
16176:(1956–1989)
16137:(1944–1948)
16129:(1944–1948)
16121:(1943–1945)
16113:(1942–1945)
16097:(1941–1945)
16089:(1941–1945)
16081:(1941–1945)
16073:(1941–1945)
16065:(1940–1942)
16057:(1939–1945)
16049:(1937–1938)
16033:(1937–1938)
16009:(1932–1933)
15993:(1930–1933)
15985:(1929–1932)
15977:(1926–1973)
15945:(1919–1933)
15937:(1918–1931)
15929:(1916–1917)
15919:(1916–1934)
15903:(1915–1917)
15895:(1915–1919)
15870:(1913–1922)
15830:(1912–1913)
15815:(1905–1907)
15807:(1904–1907)
15799:(1894–1896)
15783:(1888–1893)
15775:(1879–1913)
15765:Circassians
15759:(1850–1864)
15725:(1846–1873)
15717:(1830–1850)
15709:(1830–1847)
15676:(1869–1977)
15668:(1825–1832)
15653:(1785–2017)
15619:(1874–1996)
15596:(1648–1657)
15588:(1640–1649)
15580:(1636–1638)
15548:(1548–1872)
15524:(1492–1514)
15493:(1402–1496)
15485:(1393–1394)
15469:(1209–1229)
15453:(1069–1070)
15389:Before 1490
15098:Pogulianski
14668:Ludwig Hahn
14623:Paul Blobel
14603:Rudolf Batz
14538:Arthur Nebe
14508:Horst Böhme
14336:Geli Raubal
14180:Perceptions
13981:Wolf's Lair
13652:New Zealand
13404:Segregation
13312:Persecution
13284:Radio Islam
13090:Blood libel
13085:Blood curse
12858:Middle Ages
12704:Core topics
12646:Never again
12477:(Action T4)
12403:Remembrance
12188:Homosexuals
12158:Soviet POWs
12086:Częstochowa
11634:Gas chamber
11445:Ravensbrück
11386:Gross-Rosen
11381:Flossenbürg
11264:Philippines
11196:Yugoslavia
11155:Netherlands
11083:Sudetenland
9541:Works cited
8185:Bergen 2016
7702:Bergen 2016
7096:. Detroit:
6292:(in French)
6289:Le Parisien
5549:Bergen 2016
5227:Bergen 2016
4024:Bergen 2016
3746:29 November
3230:Bergen 2016
2970:Bergen 2016
2669:Omer Bartov
2519:Reparations
2396:Alex J. Kay
2031:Ostarbeiter
2027:Woman with
1760:was cleared
1717:Polish Jews
1649:gas chamber
1647:Stationary
1621:gas chamber
1619:Stationary
1593:gas chamber
1591:Stationary
1565:gas chamber
1563:Stationary
1096:project to
847:The German
791:Reichsmarks
717:German Jews
685:Sudetenland
527:and lost a
517:World War I
458:small towns
438:Middle Ages
342:reparations
187:along with
149:mass murder
136:Attack type
51:‹ The
27254:Categories
27173:Quotations
26904:West Hunan
26737:Pointblank
26073:Silver Fox
26059:Summer War
25812:Winter War
25791:Phoney War
25572:Azerbaijan
25533:Yugoslavia
25428:Luxembourg
25270:Resistance
25010:Yugoslavia
24875:Luxembourg
24677:Sook Ching
24473:War crimes
24075:Technology
24068:Opposition
24010:Lend-Lease
23987:Australian
23980:Home front
23938:Blitzkrieg
23888:Casualties
23879:Commanders
23851:Operations
23218:(643–1526)
23093:Iconoclasm
23088:Hate crime
23018:Censorship
22907:Falun Gong
22537:Vietnamese
22310:Arab world
22208:Hate group
22198:Hate crime
22135:Xenophobia
22115:Scientific
22100:Linguistic
21639:Atrocities
21554:Ideologues
21389:Syncretism
21314:Aryan race
21289:Propaganda
21237:Militarism
21218:Lebensraum
21181:Geopolitik
21107:Chauvinism
20995:Neo-Nazism
20835:Nazi Party
19779:Kunmadaras
19188:Justingrad
18696:Strasbourg
18350:New Yishuv
18338:Resistance
17903:Israelites
17753:Karl Hanke
17640:(mistress)
17634:(daughter)
17510:Lebensborn
17456:(adjutant)
17436:Karl Wolff
16982:Riga trial
16833:Prevention
16778:Indigenous
16693:Incitement
16561:Gendercide
16522:Classicide
16515:Politicide
16476:Gaza Strip
16251:East Timor
16222:Bangladesh
16182:Guatemalan
16103:Sook Ching
15999:La Matanza
15723:California
15435:Bar Kokhba
15126:Ninth Fort
14970:Lithuanian
14958:Belarusian
14945:Non-German
14678:Karl Jäger
14553:Otto Rasch
14523:Heinz Jost
14159:belongings
14050:Kampfhäusl
13971:Tannenberg
13966:Felsennest
13961:Anlage Süd
13956:Adlerhorst
13909:Places of
13818:in English
13807:Mein Kampf
13529:Costa Rica
13492:Arab world
13476:Yad Vashem
13399:Refuseniks
13362:Jewish hat
13335:Expulsions
13302:Stormfront
13010:Xenophobia
12960:in English
12949:Mein Kampf
12931:Żydokomuna
12761:Propaganda
12635:Yad Vashem
12615:Uniqueness
12470:Nisko Plan
12243:Nazi Party
12051:Resistance
12021:Ninth Fort
11886:Vel' d'Hiv
11658:Nazi units
11596:Westerbork
11586:Amersfoort
11440:Neuengamme
11421:Mauthausen
11401:Kaiserwald
11371:Buchenwald
11150:Luxembourg
10697:28 January
10195:Stone, Dan
9845:1041397012
9753:Yad Vashem
9506:Stone 2010
9442:Stone 2010
9430:Stone 2010
9080:Stone 2010
8900:Hayes 2010
8856:Hayes 2010
8828:Hayes 2010
8777:Hayes 2010
8579:Beorn 2018
8567:Beorn 2018
8452:Stone 2023
8440:Stone 2023
8170:Beorn 2018
8105:C. H. Beck
8011:Stone 2020
7834:Beorn 2018
7798:Beorn 2018
7583:Evans 2019
7559:Beorn 2018
7547:Beorn 2018
7535:Beorn 2018
7475:Beorn 2018
7463:Beorn 2018
7364:Beorn 2018
7328:Beorn 2018
7113:12 January
6768:Beorn 2020
6669:Beorn 2018
6633:Beorn 2018
6383:Stone 2010
6347:Stone 2010
6234:Welch 2020
6145:Engel 2020
5983:Beorn 2018
5624:Stone 2010
5440:Beorn 2018
5413:Beorn 2018
5359:Beorn 2018
5251:Evans 2019
5239:Beorn 2018
5215:Beorn 2018
5176:Beorn 2018
5056:Stone 2010
4928:Beorn 2018
4911:Beorn 2018
4875:Beorn 2018
4863:Beorn 2018
4776:Beorn 2018
4760:Beorn 2020
4583:Beorn 2018
4511:Beorn 2018
4463:Beorn 2018
4427:Beorn 2018
4367:Miron 2020
4331:Engel 2020
4319:Miron 2020
4302:Miron 2020
4290:Miron 2020
4278:Miron 2020
4266:Beorn 2018
4254:Miron 2020
4242:Beorn 2018
4230:Beorn 2018
4215:Beorn 2018
4191:Beorn 2018
4147:Beorn 2018
4135:Beorn 2018
4099:Beorn 2018
4000:Beorn 2018
3976:Beorn 2018
3964:Beorn 2018
3937:Hayes 2017
3925:Beorn 2018
3901:Beorn 2018
3889:Beorn 2018
3514:Beorn 2018
3460:Stone 2020
3436:Beorn 2018
3397:Stone 2020
3385:Stone 2020
3344:Beorn 2018
3320:Beorn 2018
3293:Stone 2010
3281:Beorn 2018
3269:Evans 2019
3257:Stone 2010
3242:Stone 2020
3218:Beorn 2018
3206:Stone 2020
3194:Beorn 2018
3134:Weitz 2010
3117:Beorn 2018
3105:Weitz 2010
3078:Weitz 2010
3042:Beorn 2018
3030:Beorn 2018
2982:Weitz 2010
2934:Beorn 2018
2898:Stone 2023
2832:References
2777:Engel 2021
2749:Stone 2010
2741:Hayes 2015
2733:Beorn 2018
2717:Engel 2021
2713:Stone 2023
2709:Smith 2023
2704:imaginaire
2300:Death toll
2203:Jews from
2164:the Allies
1940:Auschwitz
1900:Yugoslavia
1880:from March
1878:to Poland
1626:April 1942
1530:Wartheland
1428:of Lublin
1225:in Belarus
1136:commissars
1062:was common
1037:The first
1020:Hans Frank
929:Luxembourg
885:Wartheland
779:synagogues
739:Mischlinge
693:propaganda
677:rearmament
588:Lebensraum
559:Nazi Party
454:assimilate
410:Background
239:, chiefly
165:hate crime
161:poison gas
27224:Resources
27207:Textbooks
26969:Manchuria
26855:Indochina
26631:Bagration
26082:Lithuania
25727:Anschluss
25524:Viet Minh
25421:Lithuania
25363:Hong Kong
25126:Manchukuo
25081:Azad Hind
24740:Australia
24540:Aftermath
24403:Paperclip
24298:Aftermath
24098:Total war
23966:Diplomacy
23929:In Europe
23569:Four Olds
23282:Test Acts
23148:Terrorism
22990:Rastafari
22939:Ahmadiyya
22718:Race card
22653:Alt-right
22453:Argentina
22414:Palestine
22332:Australia
22158:Apartheid
22146:of racism
21648:Action T4
21618:Rosenberg
21598:Haushofer
21543:Streicher
21329:Nordicism
21274:New Order
20965:Anschluss
20761:Ahnenerbe
20450:2010–2019
20403:2004–2009
20225:2000–2009
19757:1946–1999
19478:Szczuczyn
19450:Bucharest
19347:1938–1945
19223:Proskurov
19181:Radomyshl
19098:The Tritl
19018:1900–1937
18817:1600–1899
18629:1300–1599
18516:1000–1299
18495:(614–617)
18487:(351–352)
18479:(132–136)
18412:Massacres
18245:Byzantium
18143:Sanhedrin
18047:Kitos War
17865:Languages
17833:Overviews
17779:(dentist)
17505:Ahnenerbe
16771:Cambodian
16764:Holodomor
16656:Massacres
16540:Ethnocide
16529:Eliticide
16259:Cambodian
16007:Holodomor
15901:Armenians
15893:Assyrians
15666:Black War
15554:Huguenots
15437:(132–136)
15420:(50s BCE)
15404:(146 BCE)
15372:Genocides
15247:Drohobycz
15177:AB-Aktion
15118:Lithuania
14974:Ukrainian
14753:Franz Six
14288:Eva Braun
14157:Personal
14138:Paintings
14108:Bodyguard
14093:Sexuality
13950:Vorbunker
13911:residence
13813:in Arabic
13694:Venezuela
13509:Australia
13504:Argentina
13485:By region
13414:Expulsion
13274:Metapedia
13269:Jew Watch
12955:in Arabic
12721:Geography
12716:Economics
12593:Education
12488:Aftermath
12400:Aftermath
12362:Trawnikis
12286:Wehrmacht
12281:Waffen-SS
12081:Białystok
11909:Bucharest
11881:Marseille
11758:Elsewhere
11719:Białystok
11531:Breendonk
11508:Treblinka
11361:Auschwitz
11145:Lithuania
10937:256347577
10929:2031-4183
10763:ignored (
10753:cite book
10692:229432191
10159:151138604
9809:Routledge
9584:(2023a).
9564:Routledge
9358:cite book
9251:(3): 32.
8385:2375-2548
8302:0014-3006
8139:Routledge
7963:Dean 2020
6999:Dean 2020
6987:Dean 2020
6975:Dean 2020
6951:Dean 2020
6915:Dean 2020
6891:Dean 2020
6804:Dean 2020
5718:0160-9327
5698:Endeavour
2769:King 2023
2639:Apartheid
2603:memorials
2368: Low
2246:destroyed
1946:Solahütte
1798:Glubokoje
1794:Białystok
1699:Treblinka
1607:Treblinka
1542:July 1941
1507:Location
1489:Treblinka
1481:Treblinka
1442:Aktion T4
1327:Waffen-SS
1265:Białystok
1238:, Belarus
1182:Lithuania
964:Aktion T4
893:resettled
850:Wehrmacht
838:free city
622:Amidst a
571:modernity
376:Holocaust
368:Holocaust
366:The term
308:were shot
265:Holocaust
245:Treblinka
130:1941–1945
60:is being
27080:Category
27029:document
26939:document
26796:Ardennes
26780:Budapest
26728:Crossbow
26606:Overlord
26445:Smolensk
25663:Timeline
25498:Slovakia
25484:Thailand
25335:Ethiopia
25300:Bulgaria
25224:Portugal
25155:Thailand
25037:Bulgaria
24815:Eswatini
24808:Ethiopia
24761:Bulgaria
24586:Unit 731
24547:Response
24364:Keelhaul
24314:Cold War
24287:Americas
24278:timeline
24271:Atlantic
24151:Theaters
23785:Religion
23306:Utah War
23176:(64–313)
23153:Violence
23043:Domicide
22995:Yazidism
22912:Hinduism
22870:Buddhism
22846:By group
22773:Category
22688:Lynching
22663:Casteism
22508:Japanese
22367:Portugal
22298:Thailand
22266:Zimbabwe
22130:Symbolic
22120:Societal
22110:Romantic
22075:Gendered
22055:Cultural
22045:Colorism
22040:Aversive
21986:Category
21925:Glossary
21879:Nobility
21692:Americas
21608:von List
21563:Baeumler
21498:Goebbels
21483:Heydrich
21463:Eichmann
21319:Aryanism
21284:Populism
21174:Eugenics
21063:Ideology
21026:Genocide
20637:Nahal Oz
20630:Kissufim
20623:Kfar Aza
20347:Istanbul
19541:Babi Yar
19506:Jedwabne
18913:Allahdad
18503:(628 CE)
18418:against
18365:See also
18250:Crusades
18238:Kairouan
18163:Savoraim
18089:Carthage
18066:Diaspora
17885:Timeline
17678:Military
17600:Hegewald
16736:Armenian
16603:Domicide
16582:Policide
16554:Eugenics
16499:Democide
16468:Rohingya
16119:Volhynia
15943:Cossacks
15789:Selk'nam
15651:Chechens
15643:Dzungars
15570:Lameyans
15562:Kalinago
15532:(1500s–)
15491:Guanches
15426:Eburones
15412:(88 BCE)
15364:Genocide
15237:Babi Yar
15211:Slovakia
14982:Kommando
14962:Estonian
14466:Director
14401:Category
14326:(sister)
14302:(mother)
14296:(father)
14255:Downfall
13801:Prophecy
13796:Speeches
13756:Politics
13662:Pakistan
13596:Imperial
13373:Judensau
13330:Boycotts
13289:Redwatch
13279:Podblanc
13142:May Laws
13101:Judensau
12805:Timeline
12773:Three Ds
12756:Americas
12578:Academia
12031:Piaśnica
12001:Babi Yar
11929:Jedwabne
11868:Roundups
11801:Judenrat
11765:Budapest
11536:Mechelen
11498:Majdanek
11455:Stutthof
11416:Majdanek
11311:by Poles
11269:Portugal
11247:Response
11238:Timeline
11216:Overview
11078:Slovakia
11065:Bulgaria
10905:(2021).
10246:(2015).
10197:(2010).
10169:(2023).
10106:(2015).
10053:(2000).
10026:(2000).
9999:(2010).
9971:(2021).
9918:(2015).
9902:(2017).
9876:(2016).
9829:(1968).
9801:(2021).
9773:(2016).
9741:(2004).
9690:(2009).
9664:(2016).
9638:(2018).
9556:(2019).
9481:(2003).
9405:(2021).
9310:(1998).
9048:(1999).
8963:(2021).
8884:Bazyler
8868:Bazyler
8840:Bazyler
8481:12 April
8428:Kay 2021
8403:30613773
8334:11 April
8310:41442658
8097:(2023).
7987:Kay 2021
7975:Kay 2021
7912:Kay 2021
7636:28 April
7233:(2001).
7162:Polityka
6491:Kay 2021
6061:Kay 2021
5959:Kay 2021
5821:Kay 2021
5797:Kay 2021
5761:Kay 2021
5736:26749461
5600:Kay 2021
5576:Kay 2021
5458:, p. 280
5323:Kay 2021
4772:Kay 2021
4736:Kay 2021
4724:Kay 2021
4670:Kay 2021
4643:Kay 2021
4619:Kay 2021
4559:Kay 2021
4111:Kay 2021
4087:Kay 2021
4075:Kay 2021
4036:Kay 2021
4012:Kay 2021
2781:Kay 2021
2576:scholar
2404:Majdanek
2362: 20
2356: 30
2350: 40
2344: 50
2338: 60
2332: 70
2326: 80
2320: 90
2225:Salonica
2152:a report
2069:military
2015:Jews of
1985:such as
1918:and the
1874:, which
1819:Würzburg
1773:Volhynia
1538:Gas vans
1475:Belzec,
1470:en route
1454:Zyklon B
1410:Gas vans
1236:Rozhanka
1174:Red Army
1088:for the
1053:Judenrat
953:civilian
906:, which
802:Shanghai
683:(1938),
675:such as
548:Austrian
460:, spoke
444:, which
205:genocide
203:was the
141:Genocide
119:and the
112:Location
100:selected
76:Part of
64:. ›
53:template
27006:Shumshu
26773:Hungary
26720:Estonia
26704:Lapland
26682:Dragoon
26615:Neptune
26597:Ichi-Go
26563:Tempest
26505:Changde
26460:Cottage
26352:Jubilee
26068:Finland
25966:Compass
25672:Prelude
25625:Finland
25511:Vietnam
25477:Romania
25349:Germany
25328:Estonia
25314:Denmark
25293:Belgium
25286:Austria
25279:Albania
25210:Ireland
25196:Andorra
25180:Neutral
25140:Romania
25074:Hungary
25059:Finland
24931:Romania
24823:Finland
24801:Denmark
24747:Belgium
24733:Algeria
24439:Romania
24425:Hungary
24181:Pacific
23905:General
23859:Leaders
23844:Battles
23837:Outline
23539:(1963)
23296:(1700s)
23011:Methods
22968:Judaism
22954:Sunnism
22944:Shi'ism
22855:Atheism
22783:Commons
22693:Passing
22648:Ableism
22571:Mexican
22491:Chinese
22387:Ukraine
22352:Germany
22342:Denmark
22303:Vietnam
21920:Economy
21887:Related
21874:Economy
21725:Parties
21708:Europe
21683:Germany
21681:Outside
21623:Schmitt
21508:Lammers
21488:Himmler
21458:Drexler
21448:Daluege
21443:Bormann
21269:New Man
21046:Pogroms
21031:Ghettos
20867:History
20672:Yakhini
20540:(2019)
19865:Djerada
19858:Tripoli
19786:Miskolc
19569:Rumbula
19527:Tykocin
19457:Antwerp
19318:(1936)
19202:Zviahel
18471:(66–73)
18416:pogroms
18313:Zionism
18158:Amoraim
18153:Tannaim
17875:Schisms
17500:Gestapo
17300:(2023–)
17292:(2022–)
17284:(2022–)
17268:(2019–)
17260:(2012–)
17252:(2005–)
16757:Rwandan
16750:Bosnian
16743:Serbian
16670:Pogroms
16613:Methods
16478:(2023–)
16470:(2017–)
16462:(2014–)
16454:(2014–)
16444:Yazidis
16413:(2003–)
16364:Rwandan
16347:Bosnian
16339:Ahwaris
16333:(1990–)
16301:(1985–)
16229:Burundi
15991:Kazakhs
15781:Hazaras
15767:(1860s)
15757:Manchus
15749:Moriori
15741:Charrúa
15645:(1750s)
15609:Beothuk
15578:Pequots
15540:(1500–)
15483:Assyria
15467:Cathars
15280:Records
15229:Ukraine
15103:Rumbula
15093:Jelgava
15057:Estonia
15029:Belarus
14966:Latvian
13976:Werwolf
13930:Berghof
13682:History
13618:Ukraine
13586:Romania
13571:Hungary
13561:Germany
13544:Belgium
13539:Austria
13394:Pogroms
12726:History
12711:Canards
12605:Lessons
12041:Rumbula
11914:Dorohoi
11895:Pogroms
11847:Victims
11697:Ghettos
11629:Gas van
11617:Methods
11591:Schoorl
11569:Bolzano
11517:Transit
11503:Sobibor
11493:Chełmno
11460:Vaivara
11396:Hinzert
11341:ghettos
11294:Vatican
11200:Croatia
11190:Ukraine
11180:Belarus
11170:Romania
11122:Hungary
11105:Germany
11095:Estonia
11090:Denmark
11060:Belgium
11055:Austria
11050:Albania
10524:(ed.).
9529:30 June
8394:6314819
8365:Bibcode
5727:4822534
2607:museums
2539:to pay
2415:Gilbert
2154:by the
2064:lapanka
2017:Mogilev
1829:of the
1825:to the
1823:Germany
1777:Podolia
1695:Sobibor
1579:Sobibor
1534:150,000
1525:Chełmno
1493:Sobibor
1477:Sobibor
1418:Chełmno
1113:ghettos
1014:in the
1003:in the
925:Belgium
681:Austria
462:Yiddish
420:Pegnitz
350:culture
300:ghettos
257:Chełmno
253:Sobibor
227:across
211:during
26983:Debate
26955:Taipei
26948:Borneo
26526:Tarawa
25720:Europe
25681:Africa
25470:Poland
25456:Norway
25435:Malaya
25414:Latvia
25356:Greece
25342:France
25238:Sweden
25203:Bhutan
24924:Poland
24910:Norway
24882:Mexico
24849:Greece
24835:France
24773:Canada
24754:Brazil
24724:Allies
24670:Serbia
24659:Poland
24432:Poland
24418:Baltic
24211:Europe
23913:Topics
23865:Allied
23768:(2024)
23757:(2023)
23751:(2020)
23745:(2019)
23739:(2019)
23697:(2011)
23679:(2002)
23673:(2001)
23667:(2000)
23661:(2000)
23653:(1999)
23647:(1995)
23629:(1990)
23621:(1989)
23609:(1984)
23585:(1971)
23577:(1966)
23571:(1966)
23557:(1963)
23551:(1963)
23545:(1963)
23533:(1955)
23521:(1950)
23497:(1948)
23473:(1947)
23467:(1946)
23461:(1946)
23455:(1946)
23425:(1933)
23413:(1924)
23332:(1909)
23320:(1864)
23314:(1860)
23230:(1191)
23212:(1099)
23206:(1096)
23167:Events
23103:Pogrom
22949:Sufism
22615:Slavic
22610:Romani
22605:Muslim
22578:Jewish
22525:Korean
22486:Asians
22458:Brazil
22441:Mexico
22431:Canada
22419:Turkey
22409:Israel
22372:Russia
22362:Poland
22347:France
22337:Europe
22256:Africa
22090:Patent
22070:Formal
22050:Covert
22026:Racism
21908:Cinema
21889:topics
21717:Sweden
21712:Greece
21697:Brazil
21613:Müller
21583:Eckart
21503:Göring
21493:Hitler
21453:Dönitz
21299:Racism
21252:Racial
21190:Heimat
20801:NSDStB
20743:Nazism
20697:(2024)
20689:(2023)
20651:Nir Oz
20602:Be'eri
20583:(2022)
20575:(2021)
20556:(2019)
20548:(2019)
20532:(2018)
20524:(2017)
20516:(2016)
20508:(2015)
20500:(2014)
20492:(2014)
20484:(2014)
20476:(2012)
20468:(2012)
20460:(2011)
20437:(2008)
20429:(2006)
20421:(2004)
20413:(2004)
20201:(1997)
20193:(1997)
20185:(1996)
20177:(1995)
20169:(1994)
20161:(1994)
20153:(1991)
20145:(1990)
20122:(1989)
20114:(1986)
20106:(1985)
20098:(1982)
20090:(1981)
20082:(1981)
20074:(1980)
20066:(1980)
20043:(1979)
20035:(1978)
20027:(1975)
20019:(1974)
20011:(1974)
20003:(1972)
19995:(1972)
19987:(1970)
19964:(1968)
19956:(1967)
19948:(1956)
19940:(1954)
19932:(1952)
19836:Manama
19829:Aleppo
19772:Kielce
19548:Odessa
19520:Ponary
19513:Farhud
19499:Wąsosz
19337:(1937)
19310:(1936)
19302:(1934)
19294:(1934)
19286:(1931)
19278:(1929)
19270:(1929)
19262:(1927)
19247:(1921)
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