264:
2626:
3328:
710:
2632:
2138:
971:, but the given years in the chronicles were not directly specified. After the chronicle that gave more details than the preexisting was found in the Wat Ban Rong Bong in 2022, it was concluded that the events mentioned in the legend of Singhanavati happened before 638 CE and all historical records related to the legend were then revised.
2146:
2482:
942:
due to an earthquake. Formerly, most historians suggested that the city of Yonok
Nagaphan was probably established in 545 CE and fell around 1107â1109. This due to the complicated era systems mentioned in the chronicles which comprised three systems: the Boran era
1117:
and the remaining principalities, which consisted of fourteen chiefdoms, formed the chamber to select new rulers. The chiefdoms lasted for 93 years with the said elective monarchy. After this period, the records mention the development of high land communities at
2621:
2486:
1356:
3068:
3035:
3023:
1044:
2247:"Dispositifs spatiaux et ÃĐvolution des villes lao, persistence des pratiques et permanence des formes: la place du centre historique et de l'habitat ancien dans la recomposition de la ville contemporaine"
2020:
1959:
1937:
1097:
1062:
1017:
980:
851:
age but no other contemporary evidence to connect them with the pre-historic period and the modern northern settlements. Few prehistoric artifacts were found to be linked with the ancient
2097:
1128:
1112:
802:
222:
197:
71:
3181:
3169:
902:
According to the legend of
Singhanavati, the city of Yonok Nagaphan was established near the submerged Souvannakhomkham by Prince Singhanavati who immigrant from
3215:
3198:
2595:
1351:
1133:, who later became the ruler of Vieng Prueksa in 638. Lavachakkaraj also renamed the city of Vieng Prueksa to Hiran which is considered the beginning of the
2888:
1298:, and this year 1689, is the 56th or 57th year of his age. Thus do they reckon 52 Kings in the space of 934 years, but not all of the same blood lineage.â
2687:
1026:, continued to rule Chai Prakan; however, after the fall of Yonok, Chayasiri, along with many of his subjects, moved south to settle in the present-day
938:
of
Thailand, no ancient structures dating before 545 CE were found in the area, which was considered the period when the city was submerged below the
202:
2246:
263:
3030:
1123:
1107:
1092:
1012:
797:
66:
1007:
in the south, along with establishing a new town in 396 to be an outpost to prevent enemy invasion in the old
Umongasela area and renamed it
974:
The
Singhanavati Kingdom subjugated the preexisting Umongasela, and other nearby states to extend its territory. However, during the reign of
738:
3063:
1932:
1057:
975:
3186:
3174:
3018:
2015:
1954:
2108:
764:
3351:
2881:
1039:
2426:
2319:
2173:
3220:
3203:
633:
3366:
985:
in the mid-4th century, the seat at Yonok was forcibly lost to King Khom from
Umongasela. Pangkharat fled to Vieng Si Tuang (
2952:
2459:[History of Chiang Rai Province] (in Thai). Chiang Rai Provincial Administrative Organization. 2024. Archived from
606:
2962:
2957:
2874:
624:
615:
2617:
2557:
2515:
2395:
2288:
922:
that was probably the submerged Yonok city; the artifacts were also discovered scattered along the river basins from
731:
3361:
2603:
1278:, Soucouttae)). This prince did not always reside at Nakhon Thai, but instead, he built and inhabited the city of
3283:
691:
533:
1207:, Tchai pappe Mahanacon), and his reign began in 757. Ten other kings succeeded him, the last of whom was named
2967:
2456:
2253:
2062:
Previously said to be crowned in 911, but was changed after the revision of
Singhanavati legend in the 2020s
3356:
3314:
3309:
2772:
2257:
1195:, Pra Poat honne sourittep-pennaratui sonanne bopitra). The chief place where he kept his court was called
724:
676:
671:
243:
3238:
493:
2977:
319:
1321:(Pipeli). which was expected to be one of the reasons that Srivijaya lost influence over Tambralinga.
2916:
855:
Kingdom, but further historical and archaeological study had additionally been needed to illustrate.
2541:
Years mentioned in the source was revised following the revision of the
Singhanavati legend in 2022.
2502:
Years mentioned in the source was revised following the revision of the
Singhanavati legend in 2022.
2345:
2196:
3304:
1038:, Chaiyasiri, who was speculated to be the Singhanavati lineage, is said to have built the city of
681:
666:
1290:
in 1351, and there he established his court. âBy which it appears, that they allow to the City of
1263:
859:
291:
282:
2821:[King Phrom in Lanna legend, significance of the king's dharma lineage VS bloodline].
1176:
1035:
3164:
2781:
1999:
Ruler of the southern outpost of
Umongasela, later renamed Wiang Chai Prakan (present-day in
964:
960:
3248:
3243:
2921:
2911:
2434:
2327:
2181:
2142:
2104:
1318:
1279:
1050:
1031:
1027:
1008:
935:
931:
919:
871:
844:
789:
661:
523:
8:
2897:
2004:
2000:
1106:
because of an earthquake in 545. The survivors, led by Khun Lung, went east to settle at
793:
252:
2560:["Fang Buddha" of Chai Prakan, great faith in the era of King Phrom the Great].
3288:
2793:
2748:
de La LoubÃĻre, Simon (1967). "āļāļāļāļĩāđāļŠāļēāļĄ: āļ§āđāļēāļāđāļ§āļĒāļāļĢāļ°āļ§āļąāļāļīāļĻāļēāļŠāļāļĢāđāđāļĨāļ°āļāđāļāļāļģāđāļāļīāļāļāļāļāļāļāļāļēāļ§āļŠāļĒāļēāļĄ".
2373:
2224:
696:
127:
3117:
2942:
2937:
2365:
2216:
1291:
1287:
1267:
1251:
1072:
578:
568:
388:
17:
2377:
2228:
2947:
2785:
2725:
2357:
2208:
1103:
1003:
also led the army went to suppress the King Khom troops as far as the territory of
992:
939:
812:
588:
543:
2845:
2819:"āļāļĢāļ°āđāļāđāļēāļāļĢāļŦāļĄāļĄāļŦāļēāļĢāļēāļ āđāļāļāļģāļāļēāļāļĨāđāļēāļāļāļē āļāļąāļĒāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļģāļāļąāļāļāļāļāļāļĐāļąāļāļĢāļīāļĒāđāļŠāļ·āļāļŠāļēāļĒāļāļēāļāļāļĢāļĢāļĄ VS āļŠāļēāļĒāđāļĨāļ·āļāļ"
2720:
2567:
2525:
2403:
2361:
2212:
1247:, Yassouttora Nacoora Louang)) which he had built but the location is uncertain.
3332:
3278:
2818:
2346:"Natural degradation of earthworks, trenches, walls and moats, Northern Thailand"
2296:
2197:"Natural degradation of earthworks, trenches, walls and moats, Northern Thailand"
918:. This migration legend was supported by a bronze drum found in the wetland near
714:
686:
513:
2320:"āļāļēāļāļēāļāļąāļāļĢāđāļāļĢāļēāļāļāļĩāđāļŠāļēāļāļŠāļđāļāļāđāļāļāļĄāļĩāļāļĢāļ°āđāļāļĻāđāļāļĒ! "āļŠāļļāļ§āļĢāļĢāļāđāļāļĄāļāļģ" āļāļģāđāļāļīāļāļāļēāļāđāļĄāđāļĨāļđāļāļāļđāļāļĨāļāļĒāđāļ!!"
1086:
3210:
2427:"āđ āļĄāļŦāļēāļĢāļēāļāļāļāļāļāļāđāļāļĒāļāđāļāļāđāļāļīāļāļāļĢāļ°āđāļāļĻāđāļāļĒ! āđ āđāļĄāļ·āļāļāļŦāļĨāļ§āļāđāļāđāļāļāļģāđāļ āļāđāļĨāļ°āļāļąāļāļŦāļ§āļąāļāđāļāļāļąāļāļāļļāļāļąāļ!!"
1180:
1076:
1004:
923:
903:
483:
3101:
2289:"āļāļĢāļ°āđāļāđāļēāļāļĢāļŦāļĄāļĄāļŦāļēāļĢāļēāļ āđāļāļāļģāļāļēāļāļĨāđāļēāļāļāļē āļāļąāļĒāļŠāļģāļāļąāļāļāļāļāļāļĐāļąāļāļĢāļīāļĒāđāļŠāļ·āļāļŠāļēāļĒāļāļēāļāļāļĢāļĢāļĄ VS āļŠāļēāļĒāđāļĨāļ·āļāļ"
1145:
858:
Before the establishment of Singhanavati, the area was previously occupied by
852:
428:
3345:
3258:
3253:
3122:
2430:
2369:
2323:
2220:
2177:
2048:, was also crowned as the ruler of Wiang Chai Prakan after his father death.
1295:
1283:
1271:
1255:
1240:
1224:
1212:
1200:
1188:
1080:
927:
887:
755:
88:
40:
16:"Yonok" redirects here. For current settlement in Chiang Saen District, see
3013:
2992:
1310:
1219:, Ipoja sanne Thora Thesma Teperat), removed his royal seat to the city of
1165:
1161:
891:
867:
398:
328:
2460:
3137:
2767:
1314:
1306:
863:
808:
368:
2174:""āļĢāļāļĒāđāļĨāļ·āđāļāļāđāļĄāđāļāļąāļ" āļāļąāļ "āđāļĒāļāļāđāļāļĩāļĒāļāđāļŠāļ" āļāļģāļāļēāļāļāļĩāđāļāļēāļāļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĒāļļāļĄāļēāļāļāļ§āđāļē 1,800 āļāļĩ"
1382:
The city of Nagabandhu Singhanavati was renamed Yonok Nakhon Chai Buri.
1144:
During this period, in the south of Vieng Prueksa, another principality
1067:, which is considered its peak, the influenced area reached present-day
1011:. While the throne at the capital Yonok was given to his older brother,
866:. The preexisting principal city-state located on the right bank of the
3127:
3058:
2802:
2797:
2031:
1153:
1149:
1023:
911:
816:
777:
458:
378:
301:
2866:
2344:
Wood, Spencer H.; Wood, Layle R.; Ziegler, Alan D. (2 November 2015).
2195:
Wood, Spencer H.; Wood, Layle R.; Ziegler, Alan D. (2 November 2015).
1972:
The capital was submerged and the seat was relocated to Vieng Prueksa
1262:, Pra Poa Noome Thele seri), obliged all his people to follow him to
1250:
Later in 1188, the 22nd king after Phaya Sunthorathet, whose name was
3132:
3096:
3008:
2562:
2520:
2008:
1302:
1294:
the Antiquity of 338 years. The King Regent is the twenty-fifth from
1134:
999:(361â438), took back Yonok in 377 and expelled Khom from Umongasela.
968:
848:
823:
788:, existed from 691 BCE to 638 CE. It was centered in Yonok Nahaphan (
781:
448:
438:
408:
215:
160:
102:
2789:
1157:
1119:
934:. However, in the 2009 archaeological excavations performed by the
915:
785:
117:
106:
98:
1978:
The rulers during the fourteen chiefdoms era (545â638) are unknown
769:
3075:
3042:
2688:"Instructions Given to the Siamese Envoys Sent to Portugal, 1684"
2622:
Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning
1286:(Rhamatilondi), the last of the four, began to build the city of
418:
358:
2596:"CHAP. III. Concerning the History and Origine of the Siameses."
874:
was believed to be another legendary kingdom, Souvannakhomkham (
3193:
1138:
1068:
907:
827:
503:
348:
2721:"āļāļāļĻāļēāļ§āļāļēāļĢāļāļĢāļļāļāļĻāļĢāļĩāļāļĒāļļāļāļĒāļē āļŠāđāļāļāļ§āļēāļĒāļāļĢāļ°āđāļāđāļēāļŦāļĨāļļāļĒāļŠāđāļāļĩāđ 14 āļāļĒāļđāđāļāļĩāđāđāļŦāļ?"
2045:
1984:
1087:
The fourteen chiefdoms and formation of Ngoenyang: 545â638 CE
1000:
996:
1152:
valley in 629 by the legendary Suthep, who has then invited
995:) but had to send tributes to Yonok annually until his son,
1313:(r.1230â1262) and the Siamese leaders in the north of the
1305:, the relationships between the southern principality,
897:
2765:
2752:. Translated by Santa T. Komolabutra. pp. 41â42.
1317:
was speculated to have begun after the foundation of
843:
There is evidence of human habitation in present-day
826:
Kingdom in 638, which continued to the formation of
2286:
2685:
2558:""āļāļĢāļ°āļāļēāļ" āđāļāļĒāļāļĢāļēāļāļēāļĢ āļĻāļĢāļąāļāļāļēāļĒāļīāđāļāļĒāļļāļāļāļĢāļ°āđāļāđāļēāļāļĢāļŦāļĄāļĄāļŦāļēāļĢāļēāļ"
2485:(in Thai). Chai Prakan Municipality. Archived from
1282:(Pipeli). Four other kings succeeded him; of which
880:), which its descendant later moved to Umongasela (
2801:
1137:Kingdom and continued through the founding of the
2718:
2686:Smithies, Michael; Na Pombejra, Dhiravat (2002).
2244:
1102:. During his reign, Yonok was submerged into the
3343:
2600:A New Historical Relation of the Kingdom of Siam
2343:
2194:
1266:(Locontai; but "Diplomatic guide" referred to
1171:
2393:
1185:Phra Pathom Suriyathep Norathai Suvarna Bophit
1091:The last king of the Singhanavati Kingdom was
890:after Souvannakhomkham was submerged into the
2882:
2843:
2747:
2593:
2513:
732:
1976:
1168:began expanding its influence in the north.
1075:valley in the south, while the east met the
811:) after the old capital was submerged below
944:
2889:
2875:
2816:
2768:"The Khmer Empire and the Malay Peninsula"
2681:
2679:
2677:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2424:
2317:
986:
906:in 691 BCE, 148 years before the death of
881:
875:
739:
725:
32:
2761:
2759:
2449:
2844:Pralongchoeng, Kilen (18 January 2018).
2662:The chronicle of Hiranyanagorn-ngernyang
2514:Pralongchoeng, Kilen (29 January 2019).
2287:āļāļīāđāļĻāļĐ āđāļāļĩāļĒāļāļąāļāļāļĢāđāļāļāļĐāđ (28 January 2022).
1141:Kingdom at the end of the 13th century.
2896:
2719:Thanothai Sukthit (26 September 2020).
2674:
2582:
2555:
2245:Chayphet Sayarath (23 September 2014).
2168:
2166:
2164:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2078:
1337:
910:, which was the transition of the late
780:semi-legendary kingdom based along the
3344:
2756:
2551:
2549:
2475:
2389:
2387:
2339:
2337:
2133:
2131:
2129:
1369:Beginning of the Singhanavati dynasty
2870:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2750:āļāļāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāđāļŦāļāļļ āļĨāļē āļĨāļđāđāļāļĢāđ āļĢāļēāļāļāļēāļāļēāļāļąāļāļĢāļŠāļĒāļēāļĄ
2610:
2418:
2240:
2238:
2161:
2075:
898:Singhanavati Kingdom: 691 BCEâ545 CE
838:
784:in the Chiang Rai Basin in northern
2817:Jiajanpong, Pises (23 April 2021).
2602:. Translated by A.P. Archived from
2546:
2394:āļŠāļāļ āļŠāļļāļĢāļīāļĒāļīāļāļāļĢāđ (30 December 2022).
2384:
2334:
2311:
2126:
13:
2507:
2275:
2098:"Wiang Nong Lom Cultural Heritage"
1053:, but the dates are not related.
14:
3378:
2810:
2653:The chronicle of Yonok-nagabundhu
2518:[King Phrom's elephant].
2235:
2145:of Thailand. 2022. Archived from
2107:of Thailand. 2023. Archived from
3352:Former countries in Thai history
3326:
1363:āļāļāļēāļŠāļīāļāļŦāļāļāļī (āđāļāđāļēāļŠāļīāļāļŦāļāļāļīāļĢāļēāļāļāļļāļĄāļēāļĢ)
1209:Phaya Sunthorathet Mahathepparat
991:; present-day Wiang Phang Kham,
708:
262:
220:
195:
2837:
2766:Lawrence Palmer Briggs (1950).
2741:
2712:
2665:
2656:
2647:
2396:"āđāļĄāļ·āļāļāļĨāļāļāļļāļĢāļĩāđāļāđāļāļāļāļāđāļāļĒāđāļĄāļ·āđāļāđāļ?"
2180:. 24 April 2020. Archived from
2056:
1160:, from the southern kingdom of
2254:Paris-Est Sup University Group
2188:
1193:āļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļĄāļŠāļļāļĢāļīāļĒāđāļāļāļāļĢāđāļāļĒāļŠāļļāļ§āļĢāļĢāļāļāļāļīāļāļĢ
1179:'s record refers to the first
1164:to rule the city in 662; thus
822:Singhanavati evolved into the
1:
2594:de La LoubÃĻre, Simon (1693).
2362:10.1080/00934690.2015.1103645
2213:10.1080/00934690.2015.1103645
2069:
3367:Medieval history of Thailand
2350:Journal of Field Archaeology
2201:Journal of Field Archaeology
2139:"āđāļĄāļ·āļāļāđāļĒāļāļ āļāļāļĢāđāļāļāļģāļāļēāļāļĨāđāļēāļāļāļē"
1172:Singhanavati and the Siamese
870:opposite to the present-day
7:
2695:Journal of the Siam Society
2671:The chronicle of Chiang Mai
2631:of Thailand. Archived from
2483:"āļāļĢāļ°āļ§āļąāļāļīāđāļĄāļ·āļāļāđāļāđāļēāđāļāļĒāļāļĢāļēāļāļēāļĢ"
2457:"āļāļĢāļ°āļ§āļąāļāļīāļāļāļāļāļąāļāļŦāļ§āļąāļāđāļāļĩāļĒāļāļĢāļēāļĒ"
2425:āđāļĢāļĄ āļāļļāļāļāļēāļ (7 April 2023).
1231:, Tasco Nacora Louang; but
1071:in the north and the upper
770:
10:
3383:
833:
15:
3323:
3297:
3271:
3231:
3157:
3150:
3110:
3084:
3051:
3001:
2985:
2976:
2930:
2904:
2773:The Far Eastern Quarterly
2566:(in Thai). Archived from
2524:(in Thai). Archived from
2402:(in Thai). Archived from
2318:āđāļĢāļĄ āļāļļāļāļāļēāļ (9 May 2022).
2295:(in Thai). Archived from
1334:
1331:
1324:
1275:
1259:
1244:
1237:Yasothonpura Nakhon Luang
1228:
1216:
1204:
1192:
987:
882:
876:
759:
174:
170:
157:
147:
137:
133:
123:
113:
94:
84:
54:
49:
33:
27:
2556:Rak-Yom (23 July 2017).
3362:8th century in Thailand
3305:Constitutional history
2848:[King Phrom].
1309:, during the reign of
1252:Phra Phanom Chaiyasiri
3052:Northeastern Thailand
2782:Duke University Press
886:) in the present-day
860:Austroasiatic peoples
159:âĒ Foundation of
149:âĒ Fall of Yonok
139:âĒ Establishment
85:Common languages
2922:Peopling of Thailand
2143:Fine Arts Department
2105:Fine Arts Department
1217:āļāļāļēāļŠāļļāļāļāļĢāđāļāļĻāļĄāļŦāļēāđāļāļāļĢāļēāļ
1197:Chai Buri Mahanakhon
1056:Before the reign of
1051:Phetchaburi Province
1032:Phitsanulok Province
936:Fine Arts Department
932:northwestern Vietnam
845:Chiang Saen district
796:) and then moved to
790:Chiang Saen District
662:Peopling of Thailand
598:Rattanakosin Kingdom
29:Singhanavati Kingdom
3357:Indianized kingdoms
3333:Thailand portal
3239:Nakhon Si Thammarat
2898:History of Thailand
2406:on 25 December 2023
2330:on 19 January 2024.
2184:on 18 January 2024.
2014:Younger brother of
2005:Chiang Rai Province
2001:Wiang Chai District
1177:Simon de la LoubÃĻre
1148:was founded in the
1036:Simon de la LoubÃĻre
715:Thailand portal
494:Nakhon Si Thammarat
2635:on 23 January 2024
2570:on 23 January 2024
2528:on 23 January 2024
2489:on 23 January 2024
2463:on 21 January 2024
2437:on 19 January 2024
2299:on 23 January 2024
2263:on 19 January 2024
2149:on 18 January 2024
2114:on 21 January 2024
2007:), an upstream of
128:Post-classical era
3339:
3338:
3267:
3266:
3232:Southern Thailand
3158:Northern Thailand
3151:Regional kingdoms
3146:
3145:
3111:Southern Thailand
3085:Northern Thailand
2823:Art & Culture
2806:on 26 April 2024.
2726:Art & Culture
2516:"āļāđāļēāļāļāļĢāļ°āđāļāđāļēāļāļĢāļŦāļĄ"
2400:www.silpa-mag.com
2293:www.silpa-mag.com
2052:
2051:
1989:āļāļĢāļ°āđāļāđāļēāļāļĢāļŦāļĄāļĄāļŦāļēāļĢāļēāļ
1221:That Nakhon Luang
1073:Chao Phraya River
862:, especially the
839:Early settlements
768:
749:
748:
647:
646:
641:
640:
579:Ayutthaya Kingdom
569:Sukhothai Kingdom
552:
551:
476:Regional kingdoms
467:
466:
310:
309:
296:9000 BCEâ5500 BCE
236:
235:
232:
231:
228:
227:
208:
207:
18:Yonok Subdistrict
3374:
3331:
3330:
3329:
3315:Economic history
3310:Military history
3272:Regional history
3224:
3207:
3190:
3178:
3155:
3154:
3072:
3039:
3027:
3002:Central Thailand
2983:
2982:
2891:
2884:
2877:
2868:
2867:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2857:
2841:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2830:
2814:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2800:. Archived from
2763:
2754:
2753:
2745:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2716:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2692:
2683:
2672:
2669:
2663:
2660:
2654:
2651:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2630:
2618:"āļāļģāļāļēāļāļŠāļīāļāļŦāļāļ§āļąāļāļī"
2614:
2608:
2607:
2606:on 5 April 2023.
2591:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2553:
2544:
2543:
2535:
2533:
2511:
2505:
2504:
2496:
2494:
2479:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2433:. Archived from
2422:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2391:
2382:
2381:
2341:
2332:
2331:
2326:. Archived from
2315:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2284:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2262:
2256:. Archived from
2251:
2242:
2233:
2232:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2170:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2135:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2113:
2102:
2094:
2063:
2060:
2024:
1963:
1941:
1360:
1329:
1328:
1277:
1261:
1246:
1245:āļĒāđāļĻāļāļĢāļāļļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļĢāļŦāļĨāļ§āļ
1233:Diplomatic guide
1230:
1218:
1206:
1194:
1132:
1116:
1104:Chiang Saen Lake
1101:
1066:
1048:
1021:
993:Mae Sai district
990:
989:
984:
958:
955:
952:
949:
946:
940:Chiang Saen Lake
885:
884:
879:
878:
813:Chiang Saen Lake
806:
775:
763:
761:
741:
734:
727:
713:
712:
711:
589:Thonburi Kingdom
565:
564:
480:
479:
325:
324:
306:2,100 BCEâ200 CE
288:
287:
277:
276:
266:
256:
238:
237:
224:
223:
212:
211:
203:Souvannakhomkham
199:
198:
192:
191:
176:
175:
75:
63:(691 BCEâ545 CE)
44:
36:
35:
25:
24:
3382:
3381:
3377:
3376:
3375:
3373:
3372:
3371:
3342:
3341:
3340:
3335:
3327:
3325:
3319:
3298:Topical history
3293:
3263:
3227:
3218:
3201:
3184:
3172:
3142:
3106:
3080:
3066:
3047:
3033:
3021:
2997:
2972:
2926:
2900:
2895:
2865:
2855:
2853:
2842:
2838:
2828:
2826:
2815:
2811:
2790:10.2307/2049556
2764:
2757:
2746:
2742:
2732:
2730:
2717:
2713:
2703:
2701:
2690:
2684:
2675:
2670:
2666:
2661:
2657:
2652:
2648:
2638:
2636:
2624:
2616:
2615:
2611:
2592:
2583:
2573:
2571:
2554:
2547:
2531:
2529:
2512:
2508:
2492:
2490:
2481:
2480:
2476:
2466:
2464:
2455:
2454:
2450:
2440:
2438:
2423:
2419:
2409:
2407:
2392:
2385:
2342:
2335:
2316:
2312:
2302:
2300:
2285:
2276:
2266:
2264:
2260:
2249:
2243:
2236:
2193:
2189:
2172:
2171:
2162:
2152:
2150:
2137:
2136:
2127:
2117:
2115:
2111:
2100:
2096:
2095:
2076:
2072:
2067:
2066:
2061:
2057:
2041:
2018:
1994:
1957:
1935:
1905:āļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāđāļāļīāļāļāļĩāđ 2
1500:āļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāđāđāļ§āļāļāļĩāđ 2
1354:
1327:
1174:
1126:
1110:
1095:
1089:
1060:
1042:
1034:. According to
1015:
978:
959:; probably the
956:
953:
950:
947:
900:
841:
836:
800:
745:
709:
707:
702:
701:
657:
649:
648:
643:
642:
562:
554:
553:
477:
469:
468:
322:
312:
311:
285:
274:
254:
247:
221:
196:
163:
150:
140:
80:
77:(545 CEâ638 CE)
76:
69:
62:
45:
38:
30:
21:
12:
11:
5:
3380:
3370:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3337:
3336:
3324:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3301:
3299:
3295:
3294:
3292:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3275:
3273:
3269:
3268:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3235:
3233:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3225:
3213:
3208:
3196:
3191:
3179:
3167:
3161:
3159:
3152:
3148:
3147:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3114:
3112:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3088:
3086:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3078:
3073:
3061:
3055:
3053:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3045:
3040:
3028:
3016:
3011:
3005:
3003:
2999:
2998:
2996:
2995:
2989:
2987:
2980:
2978:Initial states
2974:
2973:
2971:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2934:
2932:
2928:
2927:
2925:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2908:
2906:
2902:
2901:
2894:
2893:
2886:
2879:
2871:
2864:
2863:
2836:
2809:
2755:
2740:
2711:
2673:
2664:
2655:
2646:
2609:
2581:
2545:
2506:
2474:
2448:
2417:
2383:
2356:(6): 675â694.
2333:
2310:
2274:
2234:
2207:(6): 675â694.
2187:
2160:
2125:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2054:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2036:āļāļĢāļ°āđāļāđāļēāļāļąāļĒāļĻāļīāļĢāļī
2034:
2028:
2027:
2026:
2025:
2012:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1974:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1966:āļāļĢāļ°āđāļāđāļēāļāļļāļāļāļīāļāļ°
1964:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1944:āļāļĢāļ°āđāļāđāļēāļāļąāļāļāļĢāļēāļ
1942:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1921:
1918:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1906:
1903:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1891:
1888:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1876:
1873:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1861:
1858:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1846:
1843:
1839:
1838:
1836:
1831:
1828:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1816:
1813:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1801:
1798:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1786:
1783:
1779:
1778:
1776:
1771:
1768:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1756:
1753:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1741:
1738:
1734:
1733:
1731:
1726:
1723:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1711:
1708:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1696:
1693:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1681:
1678:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1666:
1663:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1651:
1648:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1636:
1633:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1621:
1618:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1606:
1603:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1591:
1588:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1576:
1573:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1561:
1558:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1546:
1543:
1539:
1538:
1536:
1531:
1528:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1516:
1513:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1501:
1498:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1484:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1414:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1394:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1384:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1371:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1348:
1347:
1344:
1340:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1326:
1323:
1173:
1170:
1088:
1085:
1077:Annamite Range
924:southern China
904:southern China
899:
896:
840:
837:
835:
832:
747:
746:
744:
743:
736:
729:
721:
718:
717:
704:
703:
700:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
667:Constitutional
664:
658:
655:
654:
651:
650:
645:
644:
639:
638:
636:
630:
629:
627:
621:
620:
618:
612:
611:
609:
603:
602:
599:
595:
594:
591:
585:
584:
581:
575:
574:
571:
563:
560:
559:
556:
555:
550:
549:
546:
540:
539:
536:
530:
529:
526:
520:
519:
516:
510:
509:
506:
500:
499:
496:
490:
489:
486:
478:
475:
474:
471:
470:
465:
464:
461:
455:
454:
453:671 CEâ1025 CE
451:
445:
444:
443:638 CEâ1292 CE
441:
435:
434:
433:629 CEâ1292 CE
431:
425:
424:
421:
415:
414:
413:500 CEâ1200 CE
411:
405:
404:
403:468 CEâ1388 CE
401:
395:
394:
391:
385:
384:
383:100 CEâ1500 CE
381:
375:
374:
373:100 CEâ1277 CE
371:
365:
364:
361:
355:
354:
353:200 BCEâ700 CE
351:
345:
344:
343:691 BCEâ638 CE
341:
335:
334:
331:
323:
320:Initial states
318:
317:
314:
313:
308:
307:
304:
298:
297:
294:
286:
281:
280:
275:
272:
271:
268:
267:
259:
258:
249:
248:
241:
234:
233:
230:
229:
226:
225:
218:
209:
206:
205:
200:
188:
187:
182:
172:
171:
168:
167:
164:
158:
155:
154:
151:
148:
145:
144:
141:
138:
135:
134:
131:
130:
125:
124:Historical era
121:
120:
115:
111:
110:
96:
92:
91:
86:
82:
81:
79:
78:
64:
61:Yonok Nahaphan
58:
56:
52:
51:
50:691 BCEâ638 CE
47:
46:
31:
28:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3379:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3334:
3322:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3302:
3300:
3296:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3270:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3230:
3222:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3205:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3188:
3183:
3180:
3176:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3162:
3160:
3156:
3153:
3149:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3123:Raktamaritika
3121:
3119:
3116:
3115:
3113:
3109:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3083:
3077:
3074:
3070:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3050:
3044:
3041:
3037:
3032:
3031:Suphannabhumi
3029:
3025:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3000:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2975:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2929:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2917:Early history
2915:
2913:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2892:
2887:
2885:
2880:
2878:
2873:
2872:
2869:
2851:
2847:
2846:"āļāļĢāļ°āđāļāđāļēāļāļĢāļŦāļĄ"
2840:
2824:
2820:
2813:
2804:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2774:
2769:
2762:
2760:
2751:
2744:
2728:
2727:
2722:
2715:
2700:
2696:
2689:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2668:
2659:
2650:
2634:
2628:
2623:
2619:
2613:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2569:
2565:
2564:
2559:
2552:
2550:
2542:
2540:
2527:
2523:
2522:
2517:
2510:
2503:
2501:
2488:
2484:
2478:
2462:
2458:
2452:
2436:
2432:
2431:Manager Daily
2428:
2421:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2390:
2388:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2340:
2338:
2329:
2325:
2324:Manager Daily
2321:
2314:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2259:
2255:
2252:(in French).
2248:
2241:
2239:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2191:
2183:
2179:
2178:Manager Daily
2175:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2110:
2106:
2099:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2074:
2059:
2055:
2047:
2043:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2022:
2017:
2013:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1997:
1996:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1961:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1939:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1885:
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1787:
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1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:āļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāđāļĄāļąāļāđāļŠāļ
1769:
1766:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:āļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāđāļĄāļąāļāļŠāļīāļ
1754:
1751:
1750:
1747:
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1429:
1426:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1402:
1400:āļāļāļēāļĄāļąāļāļĢāļēāļĒāļāļĢāļēāļ
1399:
1397:Mangrai Naraj
1396:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1358:
1353:
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1349:
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1341:
1330:
1322:
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1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1260:āļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļĄāđāļāļĒāļĻāļīāļĢāļī
1257:
1253:
1248:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1226:
1222:
1214:
1210:
1205:āđāļāļĒāļāļļāļĢāļĩāļĄāļŦāļēāļāļāļĢ
1202:
1198:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1169:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1130:
1125:
1124:Lavachakkaraj
1121:
1114:
1109:
1108:Vieng Prueksa
1105:
1099:
1094:
1093:Thukkitakuman
1084:
1083:in the west.
1082:
1081:Salween River
1078:
1074:
1070:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1052:
1046:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1019:
1014:
1013:Thukkitakuman
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
982:
977:
972:
970:
966:
962:
941:
937:
933:
929:
928:Mekong valley
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
895:
893:
889:
873:
869:
865:
861:
856:
854:
850:
846:
831:
829:
825:
820:
818:
814:
810:
809:Fang District
804:
799:
798:Vieng Prueksa
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
774:
773:
766:
757:
753:
742:
737:
735:
730:
728:
723:
722:
720:
719:
716:
706:
705:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
659:
653:
652:
637:
635:
632:
631:
628:
626:
623:
622:
619:
617:
614:
613:
610:
608:
605:
604:
600:
597:
596:
592:
590:
587:
586:
582:
580:
577:
576:
572:
570:
567:
566:
558:
557:
547:
545:
542:
541:
537:
535:
532:
531:
527:
525:
522:
521:
517:
515:
512:
511:
507:
505:
502:
501:
497:
495:
492:
491:
487:
485:
482:
481:
473:
472:
463:790 CEâ974 CE
462:
460:
457:
456:
452:
450:
447:
446:
442:
440:
437:
436:
432:
430:
427:
426:
423:600 CEâ800 CE
422:
420:
417:
416:
412:
410:
407:
406:
402:
400:
397:
396:
393:300 CEâ700 CE
392:
390:
387:
386:
382:
380:
377:
376:
372:
370:
367:
366:
362:
360:
357:
356:
352:
350:
349:Raktamaritika
347:
346:
342:
340:
337:
336:
332:
330:
327:
326:
321:
316:
315:
305:
303:
300:
299:
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293:
290:
289:
284:
279:
278:
270:
269:
265:
261:
260:
257:
251:
250:
245:
240:
239:
219:
217:
214:
213:
210:
204:
201:
194:
193:
190:
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186:
183:
181:
178:
177:
173:
169:
165:
162:
156:
152:
146:
142:
136:
132:
129:
126:
122:
119:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
97:
93:
90:
87:
83:
73:
68:
67:Vieng Prueksa
65:
60:
59:
57:
53:
48:
42:
26:
23:
19:
3092:Singhanavati
3091:
2993:Suvarnabhumi
2963:1973 to 2001
2958:1932 to 1973
2953:Rattanakosin
2856:11 September
2854:. Retrieved
2849:
2839:
2829:11 September
2827:. Retrieved
2822:
2812:
2803:the original
2777:
2771:
2749:
2743:
2731:. Retrieved
2724:
2714:
2702:. Retrieved
2698:
2694:
2667:
2658:
2649:
2637:. Retrieved
2633:the original
2612:
2604:the original
2599:
2574:11 September
2572:. Retrieved
2568:the original
2561:
2538:
2537:
2532:11 September
2530:. Retrieved
2526:the original
2519:
2509:
2499:
2498:
2491:. Retrieved
2487:the original
2477:
2465:. Retrieved
2461:the original
2451:
2439:. Retrieved
2435:the original
2420:
2408:. Retrieved
2404:the original
2399:
2353:
2349:
2328:the original
2313:
2301:. Retrieved
2297:the original
2292:
2265:. Retrieved
2258:the original
2204:
2200:
2190:
2182:the original
2151:. Retrieved
2147:the original
2116:. Retrieved
2109:the original
2058:
1977:
1923:
1920:āļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāđāđāļāļĩāļĒāļ
1908:
1893:
1878:
1863:
1848:
1833:
1818:
1803:
1788:
1785:āļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāđāļĄāļąāļāļŠāļĄ
1773:
1758:
1743:
1728:
1713:
1698:
1683:
1668:
1653:
1638:
1623:
1608:
1593:
1578:
1563:
1548:
1533:
1518:
1503:
1410:āļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāđāđāļāļ·āļāļ
1352:Singhanavati
1311:Chandrabhanu
1301:Through the
1300:
1249:
1236:
1235:referred to
1232:
1220:
1208:
1196:
1184:
1183:king, named
1175:
1143:
1090:
1055:
973:
965:Buddhist Era
961:AÃąjana's Era
901:
892:Mekong River
868:Mekong River
857:
842:
821:
771:
752:Singhanavati
751:
750:
634:2001âpresent
601:1782âpresent
561:Main history
363:52 CEâ600 CE
339:Singhanavati
338:
329:Suvarnabhumi
185:Succeeded by
184:
179:
22:
3284:Phitsanulok
3219: [
3202: [
3185: [
3173: [
3138:Tambralinga
3102:HaripuÃąjaya
3067: [
3034: [
3022: [
2784:: 256â305.
2625: [
2620:(in Thai).
2429:(in Thai).
2410:25 December
2322:(in Thai).
2176:(in Thai).
2141:(in Thai).
2019: [
1958: [
1936: [
1860:āļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāđāļāļ·āđāļ
1560:āļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāđāđāļāļīāļ
1490:āļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāđāđāļāļīāļ
1480:āļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāđāđāļāđāļ§
1440:āļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāđāđāļāļīāļ
1355: [
1315:Kra Isthmus
1307:Tambralinga
1296:Ramadhiboti
1284:Ramadhiboti
1264:Nakhon Thai
1229:āļāļēāļāļļāļāļāļĢāļŦāļĨāļ§āļ
1146:HaripuÃąjaya
1127: [
1111: [
1096: [
1061: [
1043: [
1028:Nakhon Thai
1016: [
1009:Chai Prakan
988:āđāļ§āļĩāļĒāļāļĻāļĢāļĩāļāļ§āļ
979: [
954:Ancient era
920:Chiang Saen
877:āļŠāļļāļ§āļĢāļĢāļāđāļāļĄāļāļģ
872:Chiang Saen
864:Khmu people
853:HaripuÃąjaya
801: [
772:Singhanawat
692:Phitsanulok
429:HaripuÃąjaya
369:Tambralinga
292:Spirit Cave
253:History of
180:Preceded by
70: [
3346:Categories
3165:Chiang Mai
3128:Langkasuka
3064:Khottrabun
3059:Canasapura
2968:Since 2001
2912:Prehistory
2639:23 January
2493:23 January
2467:21 January
2441:19 January
2303:23 January
2267:19 January
2153:18 January
2118:21 January
2070:References
2032:Chaiyasiri
1933:Pangkharaj
1890:āļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāđāļāļąāļ
1845:āļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāđāļāļēāļĒ
1815:āļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāđāļāļāļ
1800:āļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāđāļāļīāļ
1740:āļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāđāļ§āļąāļ
1725:āļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāđāļāļąāļ
1695:āļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāđāļāļąāļ
1680:āļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāđāļāļ§āļ
1665:āļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāđāđāļāļ
1650:āļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāđāļŠāļ§āļ
1605:āļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāđāļāļīāļ
1590:āļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāđāđāļāļē
1575:āļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāđāļāļąāļ
1545:āļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāđāļĢāļāļĒ
1530:āļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāđāļĨāļ·āļ
1515:āļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāđāļāļēāļĄ
1470:āļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāđāđāļ§āļ
1460:āļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāđāđāļ§āļē
1450:āļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāđāļāļēāļ
1420:āļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāđāļāļ·āļ
1390:āļāļāļēāļāļāļļāļāļĢāļēāļ
1387:Achutraraj
1156:princess,
1150:Ping River
1058:Pangkharat
1024:Chaiyasiri
1022:. His son
1005:Chakangrao
976:Pangkharat
967:, and the
912:Bronze Age
883:āļāļļāđāļĄāļāļāđāļŠāļĨāļē
817:earthquake
815:due to an
794:Chiang Rai
459:Canasapura
379:Langkasuka
302:Ban Chiang
283:Prehistory
114:Government
3133:Srivijaya
3097:Ngoenyang
3019:Phip Phli
3009:Dvaravati
2986:Legendary
2943:Ayutthaya
2938:Sukhothai
2905:Antiquity
2852:(in Thai)
2825:(in Thai)
2729:(in Thai)
2563:Thai Rath
2521:Thai Rath
2370:0093-4690
2221:0093-4690
2016:Dhukkhita
2009:Kok River
1955:Dhukkhita
1875:āļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāđāļāļĄ
1830:āļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāđāļāļĄ
1767:Mang Saen
1752:Mang Sing
1710:āļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāđāļāļđ
1635:āļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāđāļŠāļĄ
1620:āļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāđāļŠāļĩ
1430:āļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāđāļāļģ
1377:āļāļāļēāļāļąāļāļāļāļī
1374:Phanthati
1366:691 BCEâ?
1303:Theravada
1292:Ayutthaya
1268:Sukhothai
1135:Ngoenyang
969:Shaka era
849:Neolithic
830:in 1292.
824:Ngoenyang
782:Kok River
760:āļŠāļīāļāļŦāļāļ§āļąāļāļī
625:1973â2001
616:1932â1973
607:1782â1932
593:1767â1782
583:1351â1767
573:1238â1438
548:1810â1902
538:1808â1916
528:1605â1680
518:1457â1902
508:1292â1775
498:1278â1782
488:1094â1338
449:Srivijaya
439:Ngoenyang
409:Dvaravati
333:Legendary
216:Ngoenyang
161:Ngoenyang
103:Theravada
95:Religion
34:āļŠāļīāļāļŦāļāļ§āļąāļāļī
2948:Thonburi
2850:Thairath
2733:22 March
2378:32414373
2229:32414373
1857:Chuen II
1782:Mang Som
1319:Phetburi
1288:Ayothaya
1280:Phetburi
1158:Camadevi
1120:Doi Tung
1079:and the
916:Iron Age
819:in 545.
786:Thailand
776:) was a
677:Economic
672:Military
273:Timeline
255:Thailand
244:a series
242:Part of
118:Chiefdom
107:Mahayana
99:Buddhism
89:Old Thai
3289:Bangkok
3249:Pattani
3244:Singora
3182:Lamphun
3170:Lampang
3118:Pan Pan
3076:Wen Dan
3043:Tun Sun
2931:History
2798:2049556
2704:8 April
2044:Son of
1924:Unknown
1909:Unknown
1902:Ping II
1894:Unknown
1879:Unknown
1864:Unknown
1849:Unknown
1834:Unknown
1819:Unknown
1804:Unknown
1789:Unknown
1774:Unknown
1759:Unknown
1744:Unknown
1729:Unknown
1714:Unknown
1699:Unknown
1684:Unknown
1669:Unknown
1654:Unknown
1639:Unknown
1624:Unknown
1609:Unknown
1594:Unknown
1579:Unknown
1564:Unknown
1549:Unknown
1534:Unknown
1519:Unknown
1504:Unknown
1497:Waen II
1343:English
1276:āļĻāļļāđāļāļāļąāļĒ
1181:Siamese
1122:led by
963:), the
948:
914:to the
847:in the
834:History
767::
697:Bangkok
524:Singora
514:Pattani
419:Wen Dan
389:Pan Pan
359:Tun Sun
143:691 BCE
55:Capital
3211:Phayao
3194:Lan Na
2796:
2376:
2368:
2227:
2219:
1407:Cheung
1325:Rulers
1139:Lan Na
1069:Yunnan
1040:Pipeli
930:, and
908:Buddha
828:Lan Na
656:Topics
504:Lan Na
484:Phayao
246:on the
166:638 CE
153:545 CE
37:
3259:Reman
3254:Satun
3223:]
3216:Phrae
3206:]
3189:]
3177:]
3071:]
3038:]
3026:]
2794:JSTOR
2780:(3).
2691:(PDF)
2629:]
2539:Note:
2500:Note:
2374:S2CID
2261:(PDF)
2250:(PDF)
2225:S2CID
2112:(PDF)
2101:(PDF)
2046:Phrom
2023:]
1985:Phrom
1969:?â545
1962:]
1947:349-?
1940:]
1917:Peang
1662:Paeng
1557:Cheng
1487:Ngern
1417:Chuen
1359:]
1346:Thai
1338:Note
1335:Reign
1154:Monic
1131:]
1115:]
1100:]
1065:]
1047:]
1020:]
1001:Phrom
997:Phrom
983:]
805:]
544:Reman
534:Satun
74:]
3279:Isan
3014:Lavo
2858:2021
2831:2021
2735:2021
2706:2021
2641:2024
2576:2021
2534:2021
2495:2024
2469:2024
2443:2024
2412:2023
2366:ISSN
2305:2024
2269:2024
2217:ISSN
2155:2024
2120:2024
1887:Pang
1872:Chom
1842:Chay
1812:Kong
1797:Thip
1692:Chan
1677:Puan
1647:Suan
1602:Ping
1512:Ngam
1477:Kaew
1467:Waen
1447:Chat
1437:Peng
1427:Kham
1332:Name
1272:Thai
1256:Thai
1241:Thai
1225:Thai
1213:Thai
1201:Thai
1189:Thai
1166:Lavo
1162:Lavo
945:lit.
888:Fang
765:RTGS
756:Thai
687:Isan
682:LGBT
399:Lavo
105:and
41:Thai
3199:Nan
2786:doi
2358:doi
2209:doi
1827:Kom
1737:Wan
1722:Fan
1632:Som
1587:Pao
1572:Pan
1542:Roy
1527:Lue
1457:Wao
1049:in
778:Tai
3348::
3221:th
3204:th
3187:th
3175:th
3069:th
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