Sleep disorder - Knowledge

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were identified using the Inventory for Depressive Symptoms - clinician rated scale (IDS-C). Results suggested that at least one type of sleep disturbance was reported in 78% of the SCZ population, in 69% individuals with BD, and in 39% of healthy controls. The SCZ group reported the most number of sleep disturbances compared to the BD and HC groups; specifically, hypersomnia was more frequent among individuals with SCZ, and delayed sleep phase disorder was three times more common in the SCZ group compared to the BD group. Insomnias were the most frequently reported sleep disturbance across all three groups.

444: 615:), stay asleep longer, and experience improved sleep quality. To test this, a study was conducted that compared subjects who had taken melatonin to subjects with primary sleep disorders who had taken a placebo. Researchers assessed sleep onset latency, total minutes slept, and overall sleep quality in the melatonin and placebo groups to note the differences. In the end, researchers found that melatonin decreased sleep onset latency and increased total sleep time but had an insignificant and inconclusive impact on the quality of sleep compared to the placebo group. 435:

individuals with insomnia have a threefold increased risk of developing MDD. Depressed mood and sleep efficiency strongly co-vary, and while sleep regulation problems may precede depressive episodes, such depressive episodes may also precipitate sleep deprivation. Fatigue, as well as sleep disturbances such as irregular and excessive sleepiness, are linked to symptoms of depression. Recent research has even pointed to sleep problems and fatigues as potential driving forces bridging MDD symptoms to those of co-occurring generalized anxiety disorder.

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variability, and sleep disturbances are a good predictor of mood swings. The most common sleep-related symptom of bipolar disorder is insomnia, in addition to hypersomnia, nightmares, poor sleep quality, OSA, extreme daytime sleepiness, etc. Moreover, animal models have shown that sleep debt can induce episodes of bipolar mania in laboratory mice, but these models are still limited in their potential to explain bipolar disease in humans with all its multifaceted symptoms, including those related to sleep disturbances.

1438:– Jet lag disorder is a type of circadian rhythm sleep disorder that results from rapid travel across multiple time zones. Individuals experiencing jet lag may encounter symptoms such as excessive sleepiness, fatigue, insomnia, irritability, and gastrointestinal disturbances upon reaching their destination. These symptoms arise due to the mismatch between the body's circadian rhythm, synchronized with the departure location, and the new sleep/wake cycle needed at the destination. 634: 1137:, obstruction of the airway during sleep, causing lack of sufficient deep sleep, often accompanied by snoring. Other forms of sleep apnea are less common. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a medical disorder that is caused by repetitive collapse of the upper airway (back of the throat) during sleep. For the purposes of sleep studies, episodes of full upper airway collapse for at least ten seconds are called apneas. 5420: 911:

strong connection between obesity and OSA, making it essential to screen obese individuals for OSA and related disorders. Moreover, both obesity and OSA patients are at higher risk of developing metabolic syndrome. Implementing dietary control in obese individuals can have a positive impact on sleep problems and can help alleviate associated issues such as depression, anxiety, and insomnia.

880: 36: 1232:: A chronic neurological disease similar to narcolepsy, in which there is an increased amount of fatigue and sleep during the day. Patients who have idiopathic hypersomnia cannot obtain a healthy amount of sleep for a regular day of activities. This hinders the patients' ability to perform well, and patients have to deal with this for the rest of their lives. 539:. The pooled results of two trials on acupuncture showed a moderate likelihood that there may be some improvement to sleep quality for individuals with insomnia. This form of treatment for sleep disorders is generally studied in adults, rather than children. Further research would be needed to study the effects of acupuncture on sleep disorders in children. 590:). The results of the study suggest that music therapy did improve sleep quality in subjects with acute or chronic sleep disorders, though only when tested subjectively. Although these results are not fully conclusive and more research should be conducted, it still provides evidence that music therapy can be an effective treatment for sleep disorders. 733:, qualifies for board-certification by the American Board of Dental Sleep Medicine (ABDSM). The qualified dentists collaborate with sleep physicians at accredited sleep centers, and can provide oral appliance therapy and upper airway surgery to treat or manage sleep-related breathing disorders. The resulting diplomate status is recognized by the 298:(RBD) - that may affect around 40% of the PD population and it is associated with increased motor symptoms. Furthermore, RBD has been highlighted as a strong precursor for future development of those neurodegenerative diseases over several years in prior, which seems to be a great opportunity for improving the treatments of the disease. 302:

emotional state and quality of life. Furthermore, these abnormal behavioral symptoms negatively contribute to overwhelming their relatives and caregivers. The limited research related to it and the increasing life expectancy calls for a deeper understanding of the relationship between sleep disorders and neurodegenerative disease.

262:. Because many researchers have focused on this issue, a systematic review was conducted to synthesize their findings. The results indicate that individuals who experienced a TBI are most disproportionately at risk for developing narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnea, excessive daytime sleepiness, and insomnia. 425:

is abnormal sleep. Studies have suggested that 23-78% of individuals with bipolar disorders consistently report symptoms of excessive time spent sleeping, or hypersomnia. The pathogenesis of bipolar disorder, including the higher risk of suicidal ideation, could possibly be linked to circadian rhythm

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In individuals with psychiatric illnesses sleep disorders may include a variety of clinical symptoms, including but not limited to: excessive daytime sleepiness, difficulty falling asleep, difficulty staying asleep, nightmares, sleep talking, sleepwalking, and poor sleep quality. Sleep disturbances -

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At the same time, it has been shown that memory consolidation in long-term memory (which depends on the hippocampus) occurs during NREM sleep. This indicates that a decrease in the NREM sleep will result in less consolidation, resulting in poorer memory performances in hippocampal-dependent long-term

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Children and young adults who do not get enough sleep due to sleep disorders also have many other health problems such as obesity and physical problems where it could interfere with everyday life. It is recommended that children and young adults stick to the hours of sleep recommended by the CDC, as

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has demonstrated expertise in the diagnosis and management of clinical conditions that occur during sleep, that disturb sleep, or that are affected by disturbances in the wake-sleep cycle. This specialist is skilled in the analysis and interpretation of comprehensive polysomnography, and well-versed

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In another study specifically looking to help people with insomnia, similar results were seen. The participants that listened to music experienced better sleep quality than those who did not listen to music. Listening to slower pace music before bed can help decrease the heart rate, making it easier

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Sleep deprivation can also produce hallucinations, delusions and depression. A 2019 study investigated the three above-mentioned sleep disturbances in schizophrenia-spectrum (SCZ) and bipolar (BP) disorders in 617 SCZ individuals, 440 BP individuals, and 173 healthy controls (HC). Sleep disturbances

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While the exact mechanisms and the causal relationship between sleep disturbances and AD remains unclear, these findings already provide a better understanding and offer possibilities to improve targeting of at-risk populations—and the implementation of treatments to curb the cognitive decline of AD

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In Alzheimer's disease, in addition to cognitive decline and memory impairment, there are also significant sleep disturbances with modified sleep architecture. The latter may consist in sleep fragmentation, reduced sleep duration, insomnia, increased daytime napping, decreased quantity of some sleep

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for children. Parasomnias like sleepwalking and talking typically occur during the first part of an individual's sleep cycle, the first slow wave of sleep During the first slow wave of sleep period of the sleep cycle the mind and body slow down causing one to feel drowsy and relaxed. At this stage

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Recent studies have also linked sleep disturbances, neurogenesis and AD. The subgranular zone and the subventricular zone continued to produce new neurons in adult brains. These new cells are then incorporated into neuronal circuits and the subgranular zone, which is found in the hippocampus. These

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Although the causal relationship is unclear, the development of AD correlates with the development of prominent sleep disorders. In the same way, sleep disorders exacerbate disease progression, forming a positive feedback relationship. As a result, sleep disturbances are no longer only a symptom of

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One factor that could explain this change in sleep architecture is a change in circadian rhythm, which regulates sleep. A disruption of the circadian rhythm would generate sleep disturbances. Some studies show that people with AD have a delayed circadian rhythm, whereas in normal aging, an advanced

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The neurodegenerative conditions are commonly related to structural brain impairment, which might disrupt the states of sleep and wakefulness, circadian rhythm, motor or non motor functioning. On the other hand, sleep disturbances are frequently related to worsening patient's cognitive functioning,

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Primary sleep disorders are common in both children and adults. However, there is a significant lack of awareness of children with sleep disorders, due to most cases being unidentified. Several common factors involved in the onset of a sleep disorder include increased medication use, age-related

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The worldwide incidence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is on the rise, largely due to the increasing prevalence of obesity in society. In individuals who are obese, excess fat deposits in the upper respiratory tract can lead to breathing difficulties during sleep, giving rise to OSA. There is a

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A separate meta-analysis focusing on this sleeping disorder in the elderly mentions that those with more than one physical or psychiatric malady experience it at a 60% higher rate than those with one condition or less. It also notes a higher prevalence of insomnia in women over the age of 50 than

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Insomnia can start off at the basic level but about 40% of people who struggle with insomnia have worse symptoms. There are treatments that can help with insomnia and that includes medication, planning out a sleep schedule, limiting oneself from caffeine intake, and cognitive behavioral therapy.

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In the UK, knowledge of sleep medicine and possibilities for diagnosis and treatment seem to lag. The Imperial College Healthcare shows attention to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) and very few other sleep disorders. Some NHS trusts have specialist clinics for respiratory and neurological

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Due to rapidly increasing knowledge and understanding of sleep in the 20th century, including the discovery of REM sleep in the 1950s and circadian rhythm disorders in the 70s and 80s, the medical importance of sleep was recognized. By the 1970s in the US, clinics and laboratories devoted to the

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Chronic sleep disorders in childhood, which affect some 70% of children with developmental or psychological disorders, are under-reported and under-treated. Sleep-phase disruption is also common among adolescents, whose school schedules are often incompatible with their natural circadian rhythm.

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However, recent studies have shown that several factors can interrupt neurogenesis, including stress and prolonged sleep deprivation (more than one day). The sleep disturbances encountered in AD could therefore suppress neurogenesis—and thus impair hippocampal functions. This would contribute to

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On the other hand, it is during sleep that beta-amyloid residues are degraded to prevent plaque formation. The glymphatic system is responsible for this through the phenomenon of glymphatic clearance. Thus, during wakefulness, the AB burden is greater because the metabolic activity and oxidative

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It has been shown that the sleep-wake cycle acts on the beta-amyloid burden, which is a central component found in AD. As individuals awaken, the production of beta-amyloid protein will be more consistent than its production during sleep. This is explained by two phenomena. The first is that the

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are observed in AD. Although sleep architecture seems to naturally change with age, its development appears aggravated in AD patients. SWS potentially decreases (and is sometimes absent), spindles and the length of time spent in REM sleep are also reduced, while its latency increases. Poor sleep

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In addition, an evidence-based synopsis suggests that idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) may have a hereditary component. A total of 632 participants, half with iRBD and half without, completed self-report questionnaires. The results of the study suggest that people with iRBD are more

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Management of sleep disturbances that are secondary to mental, medical, or substance abuse disorders should focus on the underlying conditions. Medications and somatic treatments may provide the most rapid symptomatic relief from certain disorders, such as narcolepsy, which is best treated with

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The decrease in the quantity and quality of the NREM SWS, as well as the disturbances of sleep will therefore increase the AB plaques. This initially occurs in the hippocampus, which is a brain structure integral in long-term memory formation. Hippocampus cell death occurs, which contributes to

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is estimated to be between 5% and 15.7% when using strict diagnostic criteria. RLS is over 35% more prevalent in American women than their male counterparts. Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS) is a sensorimotor disorder characterized by discomfort in the lower limbs. Typically, symptoms worsen in the

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is an area of medicine that can also address a diagnosis of sleep disorder, as rest and sleep is listed in the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework (OTPF) as its own occupation of daily living. Rest and sleep are described as restorative in order to support engagement in other occupational

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Sleep disturbances (insomnia or hypersomnia) are not a necessary diagnostic criterion—but one of the most frequent symptoms of individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD). Among individuals with MDD, insomnia and hypersomnia have prevalence estimates of 88% and 27%, respectively, whereas

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In a meta-analysis of the various Asian countries, India and China present the highest prevalence of the disorder. Specifically, about 13.7% of the Indian population and 7% of Hong Kong's population is estimated to have OSA. The two groups in the study experience daytime OSA symptoms such as

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are the two most common sleep disorders among children. An estimated 17.3% of kids between 3 and 13 years old experience confusional arousals. About 17% of children sleepwalk, with the disorder being more common among boys than girls, the peak ages of sleepwalking are from 8 to 12 years old.

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and chronic sleep disorders. In one particular study, participants (18 years or older) who had experienced acute or chronic sleep disorders were put in a randomly controlled trial, and their sleep efficiency, in the form of overall time asleep, was observed. In order to assess sleep quality,

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can influence the disturbance in sleep patterns resulting in OSA. Obesity is a risk factor for OSA because it can affect the upper respiratory system by accumulating fat deposition around the muscles surrounding the lungs. Additionally, OSA can irritate the obesity by prolonging sleepiness

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None of these general approaches are sufficient for all patients with sleep disorders. Rather, the choice of a specific treatment depends on the patient's diagnosis, medical and psychiatric history, and preferences, as well as the expertise of the treating clinician. Often,

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Glymphatic clearance occurs during the NREM SWS sleep. This sleep stage decreases in normal aging, resulting in less glymphatic clearance and increased AB burden that will form AB plaques. Therefore, sleep disturbances in individuals with AD will amplify this phenomenon.

890:(OSA) affects around 4% of men and 2% of women in the United States. In general, this disorder is more prevalent among men. However, this difference tends to diminish with age. Women experience the highest risk for OSA during pregnancy, and tend to report experiencing 1213:: Insomnia may be primary or it may be comorbid with or secondary to another disorder such as a mood disorder (i.e., emotional stress, anxiety, depression) or underlying health condition (i.e., asthma, diabetes, heart disease, pregnancy or neurological conditions). 744:

therapy occupations. In the OTPF, the occupation of rest and sleep is broken down into rest, sleep preparation, and sleep participation. Occupational therapists have been shown to help improve restorative sleep through the use of assistive devices/equipment,

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study of sleep and sleep disorders had been founded, and a need for standards arose. The medical community began paying more attention to primary sleep disorders, such as sleep apnea, as well as the role and quality of sleep in other conditions.

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Special equipment may be required for treatment of several disorders such as obstructive apnea, circadian rhythm disorders and bruxism. In severe cases, it may be necessary for individuals to accept living with the disorder, however well managed.

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In addition to these psychological symptoms, at a neurological level there are two main symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. The first is an accumulation of beta-amyloid waste forming aggregate "plaques". The second is an accumulation of tau protein.

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likely to report having a first-degree relative with the same sleep disorder than people of the same age and sex that do not have the disorder. More research needs to be conducted to further understand the hereditary nature of sleep disorders.

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to identify patients with sleep disorders using electronic medical records. The algorithm that incorporated a combination of structured and unstructured variables identified more than 36,000 individuals with physician-documented insomnia.

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towards the sleep cycle. This is said to have an effect on children and adults with various cases of sleep disorders. Music is most effective before bed once the brain has been conditioned to it, helping to achieve sleep much faster.

714:. Another common complaint is insomnia, a set of symptoms which can have a great many different causes, physical and mental. Management in the varying situations differs greatly and cannot be undertaken without a correct diagnosis. 359:

stress are higher, and there is no protein degradation by the glymphatic clearance. During sleep, the burden is reduced as there is less metabolic activity and oxidative stress (in addition to the glymphatic clearance that occurs).

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patterns. Some sleep disorders are severe enough to interfere with normal physical, mental, social and emotional functioning. Sleep disorders are frequent and can have serious consequences on patients' health and quality of life.

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is a prevalent form of sleep deprivation. Individuals with insomnia may have problems falling asleep, staying asleep, or a combination of both resulting in hyposomnia - i.e. insufficient quantity and poor quality of sleep.

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may be helpful in alleviating some types and manifestations of sleep disorders in some patients. "Acute and chronic insomnia often respond to relaxation and hypnotherapy approaches, along with sleep hygiene instructions."

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changes in circadian rhythms, environmental changes, lifestyle changes, pre-diagnosed physiological problems, or stress. Among the elderly, the risk of developing sleep disordered breathing, periodic limb movements,

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Zhong, Naismith, Rogers, & Lewis. (2011). Sleep–wake disturbances in common neurodegenerative diseases: A closer look at selected aspects of the neural circuitry. Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 307(1-2),

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Changes in sleep architecture found in patients with AD occur during the preclinical phase of AD. These changes could be used to detect those most at risk of developing AD. However, this is still only theoretical.

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involving the timing of sleep, and other disorders including ones caused by medical or psychological conditions. When a person struggles to fall asleep or stay asleep with no obvious cause , it is referred to as

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of greater than 30 minutes. Also, 7-36% have difficulty initiating sleep. Asian teens tend to have a higher prevalence of all of these adverse sleep outcomes—than their North American and European counterparts.

5330: 5311: 1207:. The three major subcategories include intrinsic (i.e., arising from within the body), extrinsic (secondary to environmental conditions or various pathologic conditions), and disturbances of circadian rhythm. 522:

found that sleep is dramatically impaired by allergic symptoms, and that the degree of impairment is related to the severity of those symptoms. Treatment of allergies has also been shown to help sleep apnea.

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metabolic activity will be higher during waking, thus resulting in greater secretion of beta-amyloid protein. The second is that oxidative stress will also increase, which leads to greater AB production.

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Bjørnarå, K., Dietrichs, E., & Toft, M. (2015). Longitudinal assessment of probable rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder in Parkinson's disease. European Journal of Neurology, 22(8), 1242-1244.

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disorder (primary insomnia), chronic difficulty in falling asleep or maintaining sleep when no other cause is found for these symptoms. Insomnia can also be comorbid with or secondary to other disorders.

1039:(EDS) and so-called "sleep attacks", relatively sudden-onset, irresistible urges to sleep, which may interfere with occupational and social commitments. About 70% of those who have narcolepsy also have 789:

sleep. REM is the deepest stage of sleep, it is named for the host of neurological and physiological responses an individual can display during this period of the sleep cycle which are similar to being

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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommendations for the amount of sleep needed decrease with age. While sleep quantity is important, good sleep quality is also essential to avoid sleep

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When considering specific populations, 28.3% of students and 31.9% of psychiatric patients have experienced this phenomenon at least once in their lifetime. Of those psychiatric patients, 34.6% have

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has also helped with nightmares and sleep terrors. There are several reports of successful use of hypnotherapy for parasomnias specifically for head and body rocking, bedwetting and sleepwalking.

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A systematic review found that traumatic childhood experiences (such as family conflict or sexual trauma) significantly increases the risk for a number of sleep disorders in adulthood, including

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Dick-Muehlke, C. (2015). Psychosocial studies of the individual's changing perspectives in Alzheimer's disease (Premier Reference Source). Hershey, PA: Medical Information Science Reference.

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Hurwitz TD, Mahowald MW, Schenck CH, Schluter JL, Bundlie SR (April 1991). "A retrospective outcome study and review of hypnosis as treatment of adults with sleepwalking and sleep terror".

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Nightmares are also considered a parasomnia among children, who typically remember what took place during the nightmare. However, nightmares only occur during the last stage of sleep -

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Histamine plays a role in wakefulness in the brain. An allergic reaction over produces histamine, causing wakefulness and inhibiting sleep. Sleep problems are common in people with

1078:(PLMS), sudden involuntary movement of the arms or legs during sleep. In the absence of other sleep disorders, PLMS may cause sleep disruption and impair sleep quality, leading to 947:

According to one meta-analysis, the average prevalence rate for North America and Western Europe is estimated to be 14.5±8.0%. Specifically in the United States, the prevalence of

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Thorpy, Michael J. "Parasomniacs." The International Classification of Sleep Disorders: Diagnostic and Coding Manual. Rochester: American Sleep Disorders Association, 1990. Print.

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Bjørnarå, Dietrichs, & Toft. (2013). REM sleep behavior disorder in Parkinson's disease – Is there a gender difference? Parkinsonism and Related Disorders, 19(1), 120-122.

939:. Sleep paralysis in students is slightly more prevalent for those of Asian descent (39.9%) than other ethnicities (Hispanic: 34.5%, African descent: 31.4%, Caucasian 30.8%). 1186:, one cause of sleep deprivation, a dread/ fear of falling asleep or going to bed. Signs of the illness include anxiety and panic attacks before and during attempts to sleep. 3400:

Owens LJ, France KG, Wiggs L (December 1999). "REVIEW ARTICLE: Behavioural and cognitive-behavioural interventions for sleep disorders in infants and children: A review".

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McCarter, S., & Howell, J. (2017). REM Sleep Behavior Disorder and Other Sleep Disturbances in Non-Alzheimer Dementias. Current Sleep Medicine Reports, 3(3), 193-203.

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Gradisar M, Gardner G, Dohnt H (February 2011). "Recent worldwide sleep patterns and problems during adolescence: a review and meta-analysis of age, region, and sleep".

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Schenck CH (November 2013). "Family history of REM sleep behaviour disorder more common in individuals affected by the disorder than among unaffected individuals".

214:) and night terrors. Management of sleep disturbances that are secondary to mental, medical or substance abuse disorders should focus on the underlying conditions. 3435:

Wang CF, Sun YL, Zang HX (January 2014). "Music therapy improves sleep quality in acute and chronic sleep disorders: a meta-analysis of 10 randomized studies".

314:(AD), affecting about 45% of its population. When based on caregiver reports, this percentage increases to about 70%. As well as in PD population, insomnia and 343:

stages, and a growing resemblance between some sleep stages (N1 and N2). More than 65% of people with Alzheimer's disease have this type of sleep disturbance.

1340:(or Pavor nocturnus) – Characterized by a sudden arousal from deep sleep with a scream or cry, accompanied by some behavioral manifestations of intense fear. 1124: 2763:

Coussement C, Heeren A (January 2022). "Sleep problems as a transdiagnostic hub bridging impaired attention control, generalized anxiety, and depression".

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Combining results from 17 studies on insomnia in China, a pooled prevalence of 15.0% is reported for the country. This result is consistent among other

1310:– A category of sleep disorders that involve abnormal and unnatural movements, behaviors, emotions, perceptions, and dreams in connection with sleep. 1841:

Mathias JL, Alvaro PK (August 2012). "Prevalence of sleep disturbances, disorders, and problems following traumatic brain injury: a meta-analysis".

4200:"Consensus Statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine on the Recommended Amount of Sleep for Healthy Children: Methodology and Discussion" 405:

insomnia, hypersomnia and delayed sleep-phase disorder - are quite prevalent in severe mental illnesses such as psychotic disorders. In those with

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behavioral/psychotherapeutic and pharmacological approaches may be compatible, and can effectively be combined to maximize therapeutic benefits.

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Last Reviewed: September 14, 2022. Source: National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Population Health.

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Between 15.29% and 38.6% of preschoolers grind their teeth at least one night a week. All but one of the included studies reports decreasing

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Mahowald MW (March 2000). "What is causing excessive daytime sleepiness? Evaluation to distinguish sleep deprivation from sleep disorders".

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Neurodegenerative diseases have often been associated with sleep disorders, mainly when they are characterized by abnormal accumulation of

5155: 3933: 3675: 409:, sleep disorders contribute to cognitive deficits in learning and memory. Sleep disturbances often occur before the onset of psychosis. 5188:"A Phase 3, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study of Armodafinil for Excessive Sleepiness Associated With Jet Lag Disorder" 1072:, disruptive sleep-related events involving inappropriate actions during sleep, for example sleepwalking, night-terrors and catathrenia. 5779: 5186:

Rosenberg, Russell P.; Bogan, Richard K.; Tiller, Jane M.; Yang, Ronghua; Youakim, James M.; Earl, Craig Q.; Roth, Thomas (July 2010).

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onset in AD has been associated with dream-related hallucination, increased restlessness, wandering and agitation that seem related to

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Roepke, S. K., & Ancoli-Israel, S. (2010). Sleep disorders in the elderly. The Indian Journal of Medical Research, 131, 302–310.

1099:(RBD), acting out violent or dramatic dreams while in REM sleep, sometimes injuring bed partner or self (REM sleep disorder or RSD) 847:(50.5% in Poland, 37.2% in France and Italy, 27.1% in USA). Men and women residing in China experience insomnia at similar rates. 531:

A review of the evidence in 2012 concluded that current research is not rigorous enough to make recommendations around the use of

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Competence in sleep medicine requires an understanding of a myriad of very diverse disorders. Many of which present with similar

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Arnulf I, Rico TJ, Mignot E (October 2012). "Diagnosis, disease course, and management of patients with Kleine-Levin syndrome".

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Wang, P., Wing, Y.K., Xing, J. et al. Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder in patients with probable Alzheimer’s disease.

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difficulties concentrating, mood swings, or high blood pressure, at similar rates (prevalence of 3.5% and 3.57%, respectively).

3053: 2882: 979:(DSPD), inability to awaken and fall asleep at socially acceptable times but no problem with sleep maintenance, a disorder of 4956: 4828: 2904:

Keckeis M, Lattova Z, Maurovich-Horvat E, Beitinger PA, Birkmann S, Lauer CJ, et al. (March 2010). Finkelstein D (ed.).

2857: 1592: 1226:: A chronic neurological disorder (or dyssomnia), which is caused by the brain's inability to control sleep and wakefulness. 815:

By adulthood, parasomnias can normally be resolved due to a person's growth; however, 4% of people have recurring symptoms.

491:. Others, such as chronic and primary insomnia, may be more amenable to behavioral interventions—with more durable results. 286:(LBD). For instance, people diagnosed with PD have often presented different kinds of sleep concerns, commonly in regard to 5430: 5133: 3544: 1343: 1043:, a sudden weakness in the motor muscles that can result in collapse to the floor while retaining full conscious awareness. 594:

to transition into sleep. Studies have indicated that music helps induce a state of relaxation that shifts an individual's

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Malkani, R., & Attarian, H. (2015). Sleep in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Current Sleep Medicine Reports, 1(2), 81-90.

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diminished memory performances and the progression of AD, and the progression of AD would aggravate sleep disturbances.

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Although more research should be done to increase the reliability of this method of treatment, research suggests that

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Burgess, Helen J.; Crowley, Stephanie J.; Gazda, Clifford J.; Fogg, Louis F.; Eastman, Charmane I. (August 2003).

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Kent BA, Mistlberger RE (April 2017). "Sleep and hippocampal neurogenesis: Implications for Alzheimer's disease".

807:. This disorder reaches peak prevalence when people are in their 20s. Between 20 and 26% of adolescents report a 495:

Effective treatment begins with careful diagnosis using sleep diaries and perhaps sleep studies. Modifications in

5774: 5731: 5705: 5464: 1278: 1112: 1079: 323: 175: 54: 4815: 1408: 855: 4708:"Prevalence of restless legs syndrome in North American and Western European populations: a systematic review" 2032:"Sleep: A Novel Mechanistic Pathway, Biomarker, and Treatment Target in the Pathology of Alzheimer's Disease?" 230: 6046: 5854: 5716: 1474: 1295: 984: 5726: 5654: 5499: 5052: 3676:"American Board of Medical Specialties : Recognized Physician Specialty and Subspecialty Certificates" 2670:"Insomnia and hypersomnia associated with depressive phenomenology and comorbidity in childhood depression" 2514:"Basic Neuroscience Illuminates Causal Relationship Between Sleep and Memory: Translating to Schizophrenia" 1290: 1036: 976: 804: 5436: 5859: 5237:"Preflight Adjustment to Eastward Travel:3 Days of Advancing Sleep with and without Morning Bright Light" 4851: 3519: 992: 46: 3884:"Occupational Therapy Practice in Sleep Management: A Review of Conceptual Models and Research Evidence" 932:

at least once in their lifetime. Its prevalence among men is 15.9%, while 18.9% of women experience it.

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new cells contribute to learning and memory, playing an essential role in hippocampal-dependent memory.

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Graci GM, Hardie JC (July 2007). "Evidenced-based hypnotherapy for the management of sleep disorders".

2197:"Circadian activity rhythms and risk of incident dementia and mild cognitive impairment in older women" 1249: 1066:, or bed-wetting, in which the person does not arouse from sleep, but the bladder nevertheless empties. 4926: 4852:"Idiopathic hypersomnia | Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program" 4755:

Kocabicak, Ersoy; Terzi, Murat; Akpinar, Kursad; Paksoy, Kemal; Cebeci, Ibrahim; Iyigun, Omer (2014).

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Tranah GJ, Blackwell T, Stone KL, Ancoli-Israel S, Paudel ML, Ensrud KE, et al. (November 2011).

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it is the easiest to wake up, therefore many children do not remember what happened during this time.

694:, "is almost inevitably caused by an identifiable and treatable sleep disorder", such as sleep apnea, 258:

A population susceptible to the development of sleep disorders includes people who have experienced a

5937: 5746: 5694: 5669: 1454: 1371: 1236: 1108: 1026: 996: 703: 283: 222:, REM sleep behavior disorders, insomnia, and circadian rhythm disturbances is especially increased. 2463:"Sleep disturbances in schizophrenia spectrum and bipolar disorders - a transdiagnostic perspective" 1119:

was previously included as a situational circadian rhythm sleep disorder, but it does not appear in

6156: 5494: 5353: 5079: 1005:, an extremely rare and universally-fatal prion disease that causes a complete cessation of sleep. 786: 476: 5027: 2461:

Laskemoen JF, Simonsen C, Büchmann C, Barrett EA, Bjella T, Lagerberg TV, et al. (May 2019).

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Léger D, Annesi-Maesano I, Carat F, Rugina M, Chanal I, Pribil C, et al. (September 2006).

1029:, a rare disorder characterized by persistent episodic hypersomnia and cognitive or mood changes 6130: 5679: 5514: 5163: 4198:

Paruthi S, Brooks LJ, D'Ambrosio C, Hall WA, Kotagal S, Lloyd RM, et al. (November 2016).

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Hypnotherapy has been studied in the treatment of sleep disorders in both adults and children.

311: 279: 259: 219: 5393: 4449:"Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in Asian adults: a systematic review of the literature" 4387:

Kartoun U, Aggarwal R, Beam AL, Pai JK, Chatterjee AK, Fitzgerald TP, et al. (May 2018).

3937: 3679: 1751:"Adverse childhood experiences are associated with adult sleep disorders: a systematic review" 5952: 5684: 1273: 645:. Those passing the Sleep Medicine Specialty Exam received the designation "diplomate of the 443: 3174:"Controlled trial of hypnotherapy for weight loss in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea" 1724: 6106: 4400: 4292: 3605: 2917: 2266: 766: 740: 1599:...insomnia is a symptom. It is neither a disease nor a specific condition. (from p. 322) 318:

are frequently recognized in AD patients, which have been associated with accumulation of

8: 6101: 6091: 5557: 5457: 5334: 4990: 4151:"Short Sleep Duration Among Middle School and High School Students - United States, 2015" 1504: 1499: 1386: 1090: 1017:, a primary, neurologic cause of long-sleeping, sharing many similarities with narcolepsy 808: 612: 118: 4404: 4296: 3609: 3231: 3214: 3149: 3124: 2921: 2668:

Liu X, Buysse DJ, Gentzler AL, Kiss E, Mayer L, Kapornai K, et al. (January 2007).

2411:

Hombali A, Seow E, Yuan Q, Chang SH, Satghare P, Kumar S, et al. (September 2019).

2270: 737:(AASM), and these dentists are organized in the Academy of Dental Sleep Medicine (USA). 6111: 5864: 5764: 5629: 5269: 5236: 5212: 5187: 4900: 4791: 4756: 4732: 4707: 4683: 4658: 4639: 4526: 4499: 4475: 4448: 4421: 4388: 4364: 4339: 4315: 4280: 4224: 4199: 4175: 4150: 4088: 4079: 4063: 3910: 3883: 3864: 3769: 3744: 3725: 3628: 3593: 3496: 3471: 3382: 3331: 3306: 3287: 3244: 3102: 2989: 2964: 2940: 2905: 2849: 2788: 2740: 2715: 2645: 2636: 2620: 2596: 2569: 2565: 2538: 2513: 2385: 2360: 2338: 2287: 2254: 2221: 2196: 2177: 2056: 2031: 1823: 1775: 1750: 1686: 1661: 1555: 1398: 5347: 5339: 4888: 1053:, sleep terror disorder, an abrupt awakening from sleep with behavior consistent with 6121: 5364: 5274: 5256: 5217: 5114: 5088: 4952: 4892: 4824: 4796: 4778: 4737: 4688: 4643: 4631: 4572: 4531: 4480: 4426: 4389:"Development of an Algorithm to Identify Patients with Physician-Documented Insomnia" 4369: 4320: 4256: 4229: 4180: 4131: 4093: 4038: 4011: 3980: 3915: 3868: 3856: 3774: 3717: 3633: 3501: 3452: 3417: 3374: 3370: 3336: 3279: 3236: 3195: 3154: 3094: 3035: 2994: 2945: 2863: 2853: 2819: 2792: 2780: 2745: 2691: 2650: 2601: 2543: 2494: 2434: 2390: 2330: 2292: 2226: 2169: 2061: 1858: 1815: 1780: 1691: 1588: 1547: 925: 891: 691: 650: 515: 196: 113: 5343: 3729: 3386: 3291: 3248: 3106: 2479: 2462: 2181: 1559: 916:

throughout the day leading to reduces physical activity and an inactive lifestyle.

6116: 6056: 5433:– information leaflet from mental health charity The Royal College of Psychiatrists 5264: 5248: 5207: 5199: 4904: 4884: 4786: 4768: 4727: 4719: 4678: 4670: 4623: 4562: 4521: 4511: 4470: 4460: 4416: 4408: 4359: 4351: 4310: 4300: 4219: 4211: 4170: 4162: 4123: 4083: 4075: 3905: 3895: 3848: 3764: 3756: 3709: 3623: 3613: 3491: 3487: 3483: 3448: 3444: 3409: 3366: 3326: 3318: 3271: 3226: 3185: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3086: 3025: 2984: 2976: 2935: 2925: 2845: 2772: 2735: 2727: 2681: 2640: 2632: 2591: 2581: 2533: 2525: 2484: 2474: 2429: 2424: 2412: 2380: 2372: 2342: 2322: 2282: 2274: 2216: 2208: 2161: 2051: 2043: 1850: 1827: 1807: 1770: 1762: 1681: 1673: 1539: 1393: 980: 912: 800:

prevalence as age increased, as well as a higher prevalence among boys than girls.

595: 422: 147: 5404: 2361:"New neurons in the adult brain: the role of sleep and consequences of sleep loss" 2253:

Xie L, Kang H, Xu Q, Chen MJ, Liao Y, Thiyagarajan M, et al. (October 2013).

641:

Specialists in sleep medicine were originally and continue to be certified by the

5987: 5914: 5892: 5839: 5599: 5504: 5358: 5092: 4305: 4279:

Cao XL, Wang SB, Zhong BL, Zhang L, Ungvari GS, Ng CH, et al. (2017-02-24).

3618: 3030: 3013: 2930: 1543: 1464: 1147:

of the body shortly before or after sleep. Sleep paralysis may be accompanied by

1140: 929: 654: 587: 568: 271: 156: 106: 5141: 4723: 4281:"The prevalence of insomnia in the general population in China: A meta-analysis" 4127: 3077:

Staevska MT, Mandajieva MA, Dimitrov VD (May 2004). "Rhinitis and sleep apnea".

3014:"Allergic rhinitis and its consequences on quality of sleep: An unexplored area" 2165: 1854: 1766: 1578:"Chapter 10, Neuropsychiatric Aspects of Sleep and Sleep Disorders (pp 315-340)" 960:

There are a numerous sleep disorders. The following list includes some of them:

6061: 5932: 5874: 5450: 5369: 4674: 4627: 4412: 4355: 4030: 3760: 2980: 2807: 2731: 2413:"Prevalence and correlates of sleep disorder symptoms in psychiatric disorders" 2376: 2047: 1381: 936: 859: 662: 624: 126: 3968: 3852: 3839:"Occupational Therapy Practice Framework: Domain and Process-Fourth Edition". 3275: 3090: 2776: 1162:. It is not a disorder unless severe, and is often seen as part of narcolepsy. 459:

Treatments for sleep disorders generally can be grouped into four categories:

6150: 6039: 5887: 5844: 5794: 5789: 5562: 5260: 5252: 5074: 4782: 2586: 1662:"Prevalence of diagnosed sleep disorders in pediatric primary care practices" 1479: 1417: 1354: 1180:), which may include walking, without the conscious knowledge of the subject. 1159: 844: 674: 583: 574: 496: 463: 406: 210:

Sleep disruptions can be caused by various issues, including teeth grinding (

5442: 5324: 5320: 4465: 3999: 3713: 2686: 2669: 2529: 2278: 1955: 6007: 5784: 5769: 5278: 5221: 4896: 4800: 4741: 4692: 4635: 4576: 4567: 4550: 4535: 4516: 4484: 4430: 4373: 4324: 4233: 4184: 4166: 4135: 4097: 4042: 4015: 3984: 3919: 3900: 3860: 3778: 3721: 3637: 3505: 3456: 3421: 3413: 3340: 3283: 3240: 3190: 3173: 3158: 3098: 3039: 2998: 2949: 2867: 2823: 2784: 2749: 2695: 2654: 2605: 2547: 2498: 2438: 2394: 2334: 2296: 2230: 2173: 2065: 1862: 1819: 1811: 1784: 1695: 1677: 1551: 1348: 1337: 1165: 1046: 770: 553: 319: 204: 200: 5203: 4773: 4757:"Restless Leg Syndrome and Sleep Quality in Lumbar Radiculopathy Patients" 4260: 3745:"Qualitative studies of insomnia: Current state of knowledge in the field" 3378: 3199: 690:

such as excessive daytime sleepiness, which, in the absence of volitional

97: 6066: 5942: 5882: 5834: 5829: 5820: 5659: 5609: 5604: 5486: 5388: 4994: 1587:(4 ed.). Arlington, Virginia, USA: American Psychiatric Publishing. 1489: 1325: 1256: 1217: 1200: 1183: 1130: 1086: 970: 777:

A different systematic review offers a high range of prevalence rates of

726: 532: 371:

AD; the relationship between sleep disturbances and AD is bidirectional.

315: 291: 240: 192: 184: 3470:

Jespersen KV, Pando-Naude V, Koenig J, Jennum P, Vuust P (August 2022).

2570:"Sleep Disturbance in Bipolar Disorder: Neuroglia and Circadian Rhythms" 1635: 6125: 6071: 6051: 5849: 5825: 5756: 5674: 5567: 5537: 5532: 5522: 3652:"Meta-analysis: melatonin for the treatment of primary sleep disorders" 3594:"Meta-analysis: melatonin for the treatment of primary sleep disorders" 3322: 2903: 2489: 2359:

Meerlo P, Mistlberger RE, Jacobs BL, Heller HC, McGinty D (June 2009).

1731:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 14 September 2022. 1494: 1449: 1429: 1376: 1313: 1307: 1223: 1172:, engaging in activities normally associated with wakefulness (such as 1069: 1032: 707: 695: 666: 658: 633: 506:

Some sleep disorders have been found to compromise glucose metabolism.

375:

memory. This drop in performance is one of the central symptoms of AD.

336: 244: 188: 171: 160: 122: 5303: 4215: 3743:

Araújo T, Jarrin DC, Leanza Y, Vallières A, Morin CM (February 2017).

3307:"The treatment of parasomnias with hypnosis: a 5-year follow-up study" 2563: 2313:

Diekelmann S, Born J (February 2010). "The memory function of sleep".

2212: 1011:, abnormally shallow breathing or slow respiratory rate while sleeping 6135: 6086: 6081: 5947: 5909: 5646: 5552: 5542: 5527: 5399: 4817:

The International Classification of Sleep Disorders, Revised (ICSD-R)

4500:"Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Women: Specific Issues and Interventions" 1413: 1360: 1196: 1144: 1040: 863: 840: 730: 670: 488: 327: 167: 130: 4834: 4551:"Gender-related differences in the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome" 4498:

Wimms A, Woehrle H, Ketheeswaran S, Ramanan D, Armitstead J (2016).

2326: 1660:

Meltzer LJ, Johnson C, Crosette J, Ramos M, Mindell JA (June 2010).

6002: 5977: 5897: 5689: 5664: 4659:"Lifetime prevalence rates of sleep paralysis: a systematic review" 1368:

Medical or psychiatric conditions that may produce sleep disorders

1210: 1204: 1177: 1063: 1059: 1020: 1008: 895: 832: 578: 548: 536: 499:

may resolve the problem, but medical treatment is often warranted.

394: 287: 248: 180: 4813: 2844:. Handbook of Clinical Neurology. Vol. 106. pp. 527–40. 1062:, a frequent need to get up and urinate at night. It differs from 339:- a typical chronobiological phenomenon presented in the disease. 6029: 6024: 6019: 6014: 5997: 5902: 5736: 5636: 5594: 5547: 2194: 1435: 1319: 1261: 1116: 964: 797: 778: 722: 718: 687: 367:

diminished memory performance and cognitive decline found in AD.

265: 211: 4446: 3469: 3178:

International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders

2460: 843:

countries; however, this is considerably lower than a series of

6096: 5982: 5419: 5315: 4497: 4197: 3264:

The International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis

1173: 1148: 967:, involuntary grinding or clenching of the teeth while sleeping 765:

According to one meta-analysis of sleep disorders in children,

519: 4447:

Mirrakhimov AE, Sooronbaev T, Mirrakhimov EM (February 2013).

4064:"Prevalence of sleep bruxism in children: a systematic review" 3356: 3171: 3011: 2621:"Animal models of bipolar mania: The past, present and future" 1748: 1199:– A broad category of sleep disorders characterized by either 452: 5992: 5810: 5473: 4951:(5th ed.). New York, NY: Worth Publishers. p. 157. 4591:"Obstructive sleep apnea – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic" 4061: 3936:. Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust. 2008. Archived from 2358: 1749:

Kajeepeta S, Gelaye B, Jackson CL, Williams MA (March 2015).

1403: 1156: 1152: 1120: 995:, all much less common than DSPD, as well as the situational 952:

evening, improve with movement, and exacerbate when at rest.

331: 305: 151: 2756: 824:

it helps increase mental health, physical health, and more.

677:. Certification in Sleep medicine shows that the specialist: 4754: 3742: 3172:

Stradling J, Roberts D, Wilson A, Lovelock F (March 1998).

1659: 1054: 879: 803:

Another systematic review noted 7-16% of young adults have

682:

in emerging research and management of a sleep laboratory.

163:

are tests commonly ordered for diagnosing sleep disorders.

4337: 4149:

Wheaton AG, Jones SE, Cooper AC, Croft JB (January 2018).

3591: 3076: 2883:"Assessment and Management of Sleep Disorders in Children" 2840:

Voderholzer U, Guilleminault C (2012). "Sleep disorders".

1530:

K Pavlova M, Latreille V (March 2019). "Sleep Disorders".

649:". Sleep medicine is now a recognized subspecialty within 611:

is useful in helping people fall asleep faster (decreased

183:, which is the most common sleep disorder. Others include 6076: 5972: 5132:

Smith MA, Robinson L, Boose G, Segal R (September 2011).

3847:(Supplement_2): 7412410010p1–7412410010p87. August 2020. 2030:

Mander BA, Winer JR, Jagust WJ, Walker MP (August 2016).

5185: 3792: 2839: 2255:"Sleep drives metabolite clearance from the adult brain" 1585:

Essentials of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences

5234: 5160:

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

5131: 4148: 4028: 3123:

Cheuk DK, Yeung WF, Chung KF, Wong V (September 2012).

3118: 3116: 2564:

Steardo L, de Filippis R, Carbone EA, Segura-Garcia C,

2029: 854:

A study that was resulted from a collaboration between

818: 748:, therapeutic activities, and lifestyle interventions. 4386: 4338:

Rodriguez JC, Dzierzewski JM, Alessi CA (March 2015).

4240: 4062:

Machado E, Dal-Fabbro C, Cunali PA, Kaizer OB (2014).

3997: 3966: 1428:– a parasitic disease which can be transmitted by the 4246: 2667: 1125:

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

451:(Sleep study in progress), room for sleep studies in 5293: 4946: 4113: 3813: 3592:

Ferracioli-Oda E, Qawasmi A, Bloch MH (2013-06-06).

3113: 2410: 1707: 1705: 3122: 3998:Carter KA, Hathaway NE, Lettieri CF (March 2014). 3967:Carter KA, Hathaway NE, Lettieri CF (March 2014). 1529: 928:states 7.6% of the general population experiences 429: 4705: 4614:Lee JH, Cho J (March 2022). "Sleep and Obesity". 4278: 4029:Patel AK, Reddy V, Shumway KR, Araujo AF (2021). 2511: 1702: 1581:(Google Books preview includes entire chapter 10) 1525: 1523: 1521: 6148: 4874: 3399: 3304: 2762: 973:, nocturnal groaning during prolonged exhalation 395:Sleep disorder symptoms in psychiatric illnesses 4656: 4037:. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. 3545:"Can Music Make You a Productivity Powerhouse?" 2906:"Impaired glucose tolerance in sleep disorders" 2835: 2833: 2151: 1460:International Classification of Sleep Disorders 195:(excessive sleepiness at inappropriate times), 49:for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling 2880: 2713: 2312: 1518: 310:Sleep disturbances have been also observed in 266:Sleep disorders and neurodegenerative diseases 199:(disruption of sleep cycle due to infection), 5472: 5458: 4706:Innes KE, Selfe TK, Agarwal P (August 2011). 3569:"The Many Health and Sleep Benefits Of Music" 2252: 1840: 1334:– Waking up in the night hearing loud noises. 991:(non-24) in the sighted or in the blind, and 898:in conjunction with obstructive sleep apnea. 27:Medical disorder of a person's sleep patterns 4247:Zeitlhofer J, Tribl G, Saletu B (1993). "". 3841:The American Journal of Occupational Therapy 3219:Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 2965:"Histamine in the regulation of wakefulness" 2830: 2618: 760: 166:Sleep disorders are broadly classified into 4814:American Academy of Sleep Medicine (2001). 4155:MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 3476:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 3472:"Listening to music for insomnia in adults" 3434: 3305:Hauri PJ, Silber MH, Boeve BF (June 2007). 3261: 3129:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 1719: 1717: 1575: 729:), while not recognized as one of the nine 582:researchers used subjective measures (i.e. 5780:Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder 5465: 5451: 3352: 3350: 2805: 2505: 1097:Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder 905: 874: 306:Sleep disturbances and Alzheimer's disease 294:(more than 50% of the PD population), and 96: 5268: 5211: 4973:"Nocturia or Frequent Urination at Night" 4790: 4772: 4731: 4682: 4566: 4525: 4515: 4474: 4464: 4420: 4363: 4314: 4304: 4223: 4174: 4087: 3909: 3899: 3795:. American Board of Dental Sleep Medicine 3768: 3627: 3617: 3495: 3359:The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 3330: 3230: 3189: 3165: 3148: 3029: 2988: 2939: 2929: 2739: 2685: 2644: 2595: 2585: 2537: 2512:Pocivavsek A, Rowland LM (January 2018). 2488: 2478: 2428: 2384: 2286: 2220: 2055: 1956:https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-015-0382-8 1774: 1685: 1220:: Hypersomnia of central or brain origin 1105:(RLS), an irresistible urge to move legs. 1085:Other limb movements in sleep, including 746:cognitive behavioral therapy for Insomnia 73:Learn how and when to remove this message 5017:"Snoring: A Precursor to Medical Issues" 4823:. American Sleep Disorders Association. 4657:Sharpless BA, Barber JP (October 2011). 4548: 3816:. Academy of Dental Sleep Medicine. 2008 3699: 3542: 3437:International Journal of Nursing Studies 2881:Ivanenko A, Massey C (October 1, 2006). 1714: 942: 878: 632: 442: 229: 5134:"Sleep Disorders and Sleeping Problems" 3347: 2962: 2897: 2147: 2145: 2143: 2141: 2139: 2137: 2135: 2133: 2131: 2129: 2127: 2125: 2123: 2121: 2119: 2117: 2115: 2113: 2111: 2109: 2107: 2105: 2103: 2101: 2099: 2097: 2095: 2025: 2023: 2021: 2019: 2017: 2015: 2013: 1797: 421:One of the main behavioral symptoms of 14: 6149: 4613: 3834: 3832: 3830: 3393: 2808:"Management of common sleep disorders" 2709: 2707: 2705: 2559: 2557: 2456: 2454: 2452: 2450: 2448: 2406: 2404: 2354: 2352: 2308: 2306: 2248: 2246: 2244: 2242: 2240: 2093: 2091: 2089: 2087: 2085: 2083: 2081: 2079: 2077: 2075: 2011: 2009: 2007: 2005: 2003: 2001: 1999: 1997: 1995: 1993: 1983: 1981: 1979: 1977: 1967: 1965: 1963: 1946: 1944: 1735:from the original on 2 November 2023. 5446: 4947:Hockenbury DH, Hockenbury SE (2010). 4442: 4440: 4274: 4272: 4270: 4109: 4107: 3962: 3960: 3958: 3956: 3954: 3881: 3298: 3255: 3212: 2842:Neurobiology of Psychiatric Disorders 2714:Murphy MJ, Peterson MJ (March 2015). 1925: 1923: 1913: 1911: 1909: 1907: 1905: 1903: 1901: 1899: 1897: 1895: 1884: 1882: 1880: 1878: 1876: 1874: 1872: 1571: 1569: 955: 330:alteration. Additionally, changes in 4344:The Medical Clinics of North America 4068:Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 4000:"Common sleep disorders in children" 3969:"Common sleep disorders in children" 1636:"Sleep Problems and Sleep Disorders" 819:Effects of Untreated Sleep Disorders 509: 29: 5014: 3827: 3232:10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.V37N8p683 2702: 2554: 2445: 2401: 2349: 2303: 2237: 2072: 1990: 1974: 1960: 1941: 1932: 1583:. In Yudofsky SC, Hales RE (eds.). 1252:(SDB), including (non-exhaustive): 416: 290:(around 70% of the PD population), 24: 4542: 4491: 4437: 4267: 4204:Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine 4104: 4080:10.1590/2176-9451.19.6.054-061.oar 3951: 3888:Occupational Therapy International 3311:Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine 3215:"Hypnotherapy for sleep disorders" 3206: 3079:Current Allergy and Asthma Reports 2850:10.1016/B978-0-444-52002-9.00031-0 2716:"Sleep Disturbances in Depression" 2637:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.08.041 1920: 1892: 1869: 1566: 919: 735:American Academy of Sleep Medicine 25: 6168: 5289: 5112: 2806:Ramar K, Olson EJ (August 2013). 2619:Logan RW, McClung CA (May 2016). 1612:"APA "What are sleep disorders?"" 1235:Recurrent hypersomnia, including 706:, menstrual-related hypersomnia, 618: 5620:Obesity hypoventilation syndrome 5615:Central hypoventilation syndrome 5418: 3371:10.1097/00005053-199104000-00009 1532:The American Journal of Medicine 1286:Circadian rhythm sleep disorders 1267:Upper airway resistance syndrome 1076:Periodic limb movements in sleep 862:describes the development of an 643:American Board of Sleep Medicine 562: 464:Behavioral and psychotherapeutic 399: 324:circadian rhythm sleep disorders 176:circadian rhythm sleep disorders 34: 5775:Periodic limb movement disorder 5742:Non-24-hour sleep–wake disorder 5228: 5179: 5170: 5162:. June 27, 2011. Archived from 5148: 5125: 5106: 5067: 5045: 5008: 4983: 4965: 4940: 4911: 4868: 4844: 4807: 4748: 4699: 4650: 4607: 4583: 4380: 4340:"Sleep problems in the elderly" 4331: 4191: 4142: 4055: 4022: 3991: 3926: 3875: 3806: 3785: 3736: 3693: 3668: 3644: 3585: 3561: 3536: 3512: 3463: 3428: 3070: 3046: 3005: 2956: 2874: 2799: 2661: 2612: 2480:10.1016/j.comppsych.2019.02.006 2188: 2154:Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology 1834: 1301:Non-24-hour sleep–wake disorder 1279:Periodic limb movement disorder 1113:circadian rhythm sleep disorder 1080:periodic limb movement disorder 989:non-24-hour sleep–wake disorder 755: 586:) and objective measures (i.e. 430:Major depressive disorder (MDD) 4249:Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift 3488:10.1002/14651858.CD010459.pub3 3449:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2013.03.008 3141:10.1002/14651858.cd005472.pub3 2765:Journal of Affective Disorders 2430:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.07.009 1791: 1742: 1653: 1628: 1604: 1409:Dissociative identity disorder 856:Massachusetts General Hospital 526: 13: 1: 6047:Biphasic and polyphasic sleep 5855:Nocturnal clitoral tumescence 5717:Advanced sleep phase disorder 5439:Sleep Disorders Health Center 5241:Journal of Biological Rhythms 4991:"REM Sleep Behavior Disorder" 4889:10.1016/S1474-4422(12)70187-4 4504:BioMed Research International 3213:Ng BY, Lee TS (August 2008). 3018:Archives of Internal Medicine 1511: 1475:Polysomnographic technologist 1296:Advanced sleep phase disorder 1244:Menstrual-related hypersomnia 1143:, characterized by temporary 985:advanced sleep phase disorder 712:circadian rhythm disturbances 577:can improve sleep quality in 469:Rehabilitation and management 347:circadian rhythm is present. 5727:Delayed sleep phase disorder 5655:Excessive daytime sleepiness 5085:National Library of Medicine 4306:10.1371/journal.pone.0170772 3882:Ho EC, Siu AM (2018-07-29). 3619:10.1371/journal.pone.0063773 3031:10.1001/archinte.166.16.1744 2963:Thakkar MM (February 2011). 2931:10.1371/journal.pone.0009444 2315:Nature Reviews. Neuroscience 1800:Evidence-Based Mental Health 1544:10.1016/j.amjmed.2018.09.021 1291:Delayed sleep phase disorder 1037:excessive daytime sleepiness 977:Delayed sleep phase disorder 805:delayed sleep phase disorder 602: 438: 260:traumatic brain injury (TBI) 7: 5860:Nocturnal penile tumescence 5732:Irregular sleep–wake rhythm 4724:10.1016/j.sleep.2010.12.018 4549:Valipour A (October 2012). 4128:10.1016/j.sleep.2010.11.008 2568:, De Fazio P (2019-07-18). 2166:10.1016/j.yfrne.2017.02.004 1855:10.1016/j.sleep.2012.04.006 1767:10.1016/j.sleep.2014.12.013 1725:"How Much Sleep Do I Need?" 1442: 1344:REM sleep behavior disorder 993:irregular sleep wake rhythm 983:. Other such disorders are 827: 542: 487:prescription drugs such as 296:REM sleep behavior disorder 10: 6173: 5722:Cyclic alternating pattern 4675:10.1016/j.smrv.2011.01.007 4628:10.1016/j.jsmc.2021.10.009 4413:10.1038/s41598-018-25312-z 4356:10.1016/j.mcna.2014.11.013 4031:"Physiology, Sleep Stages" 3761:10.1016/j.smrv.2016.01.003 3520:"Can Music Help Me Sleep?" 3125:"Acupuncture for insomnia" 2981:10.1016/j.smrv.2010.06.004 2732:10.1016/j.jsmc.2014.11.009 2377:10.1016/j.smrv.2008.07.004 2048:10.1016/j.tins.2016.05.002 1250:Sleep disordered breathing 1241:Post traumatic hypersomnia 622: 566: 5965: 5938:Behavioral sleep medicine 5925: 5873: 5803: 5755: 5747:Shift work sleep disorder 5703: 5695:Sleep state misperception 5645: 5585: 5576: 5513: 5484: 5379: 5297: 4856:rarediseases.info.nih.gov 4004:American Family Physician 3973:American Family Physician 3853:10.5014/ajot.2020.74S2001 3708:(3): 108–10, 115–8, 123. 3276:10.1080/00207140701338662 3091:10.1007/s11882-004-0026-0 2812:American Family Physician 2777:10.1016/j.jad.2021.09.092 1455:Health effects from noise 1372:22q11.2 deletion syndrome 1109:Shift work sleep disorder 997:shift work sleep disorder 851:their male counterparts. 761:Children and young adults 225: 112: 104: 95: 90: 5495:Rapid eye movement (REM) 5253:10.1177/0748730403253585 5080:Medical Subject Headings 2587:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00501 2467:Comprehensive Psychiatry 1190: 787:Rapid Eye Movement (REM) 5816:Exploding head syndrome 5625:Obstructive sleep apnea 5192:Mayo Clinic Proceedings 5053:"Sleep Apnea Diagnosis" 4919:"Narcolepsy Fact Sheet" 4466:10.1186/1471-2466-13-10 3714:10.3810/pgm.2000.03.932 3543:Evernote (2018-07-26). 2574:Frontiers in Psychiatry 2279:10.1126/science.1241224 2036:Trends in Neurosciences 1485:Sleep problems in women 1332:Exploding head syndrome 1135:obstructive sleep apnea 1003:Fatal familial insomnia 906:Obesity and Sleep Apnea 888:Obstructive sleep apnea 875:Obstructive sleep apnea 607:Research suggests that 547:Research suggests that 276:multiple system atrophy 6131:Sleeping while on duty 5680:Idiopathic hypersomnia 4949:Discovering psychology 4663:Sleep Medicine Reviews 4616:Sleep Medicine Clinics 4568:10.1055/s-0032-1325664 4453:BMC Pulmonary Medicine 4167:10.15585/mmwr.mm6703a1 3749:Sleep Medicine Reviews 3414:10.1053/smrv.1999.0082 3402:Sleep Medicine Reviews 3191:10.1038/sj.ijo.0800578 2969:Sleep Medicine Reviews 2720:Sleep Medicine Clinics 2518:Schizophrenia Bulletin 2365:Sleep Medicine Reviews 1812:10.1136/eb-2013-101479 1678:10.1542/peds.2009-2725 1576:Hirshkowitz M (2004). 1230:Idiopathic hypersomnia 1111:(SWSD), a situational 1103:Restless legs syndrome 1015:Idiopathic hypersomnia 884: 700:idiopathic hypersomnia 684: 638: 456: 236: 220:restless legs syndrome 5953:Neuroscience of sleep 5685:Night eating syndrome 5670:Kleine–Levin syndrome 5204:10.4065/mcp.2009.0778 5166:on February 21, 2014. 4877:The Lancet. Neurology 4761:Behavioural Neurology 3702:Postgraduate Medicine 3054:"Allergies and Sleep" 2687:10.1093/sleep/30.1.83 2530:10.1093/schbul/sbx151 1274:Restless leg syndrome 1237:Kleine–Levin syndrome 1027:Kleine–Levin syndrome 949:restless leg syndrome 943:Restless leg syndrome 882: 710:recurrent stupor, or 704:Kleine–Levin syndrome 679: 636: 567:Further information: 446: 233: 6107:Sleep and creativity 5427:at Wikimedia Commons 5115:"Insomnia treatment" 4979:. November 21, 2018. 4517:10.1155/2016/1764837 3901:10.1155/2018/8637498 1328:– nocturnal groaning 767:confusional arousals 741:Occupational therapy 6102:Sleep and breathing 5558:Sensorimotor rhythm 5024:Stop Snoring Device 4774:10.1155/2014/245358 4405:2018NatSR...8.7862K 4297:2017PLoSO..1270772C 3610:2013PLoSO...863773F 3058:sleepfoundation.org 2922:2010PLoSO...5.9444K 2417:Psychiatry Research 2271:2013Sci...342..373X 2201:Annals of Neurology 1505:White noise machine 1500:Vegetative symptoms 1091:nocturnal myoclonus 1035:, characterized by 809:sleep onset latency 518:. A study from the 312:Alzheimer's disease 280:Parkinson's disease 150:of an individual's 119:Clinical psychology 6112:Sleep and learning 5865:Nocturnal emission 5765:Nightmare disorder 5630:Periodic breathing 5380:External resources 5156:"NINDS Narcolepsy" 5119:hiburimnamal.co.il 4595:www.mayoclinic.org 4393:Scientific Reports 3656:www.crd.york.ac.uk 3323:10.5664/jcsm.26858 1952:Aging Clin Exp Res 1672:(6): e1410–e1418. 1616:www.psychiatry.org 1399:Nightmare disorder 956:List of conditions 885: 731:dental specialties 639: 457: 332:sleep architecture 237: 53:You can assist by 6144: 6143: 6122:Sleep deprivation 5961: 5960: 5423:Media related to 5414: 5413: 5033:on 8 October 2016 4958:978-1-4292-1650-0 4923:www.ninds.nih.gov 4830:978-0-9657220-1-8 4216:10.5664/jcsm.6288 4210:(11): 1549–1561. 3793:"About the ADBSM" 3024:(16): 1744–1748. 2887:Psychiatric Times 2859:978-0-444-52002-9 2265:(6156): 373–377. 2213:10.1002/ana.22468 1594:978-1-58562-005-0 1426:Sleeping sickness 1351:(or somnambulism) 1316:or sleep enuresis 1255:Several types of 1009:Hypopnea syndrome 981:circadian rhythms 926:systematic review 845:Western countries 717:Sleep dentistry ( 692:sleep deprivation 651:internal medicine 637:Sleep Medication. 516:allergic rhinitis 510:Allergy treatment 477:somatic treatment 455:hospital, Sweden. 284:Lewy body disease 197:sleeping sickness 136: 135: 85:Medical condition 83: 82: 75: 18:Sleep disturbance 16:(Redirected from 6164: 6117:Sleep and memory 6057:Circadian rhythm 5804:Benign phenomena 5706:Circadian rhythm 5583: 5582: 5467: 5460: 5453: 5444: 5443: 5422: 5295: 5294: 5283: 5282: 5272: 5232: 5226: 5225: 5215: 5183: 5177: 5174: 5168: 5167: 5152: 5146: 5145: 5140:. 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SingularSleep 5051: 5050: 5046: 5036: 5034: 5030: 5019: 5013: 5009: 4999: 4997: 4989: 4988: 4984: 4971: 4970: 4966: 4959: 4945: 4941: 4932: 4930: 4917: 4916: 4912: 4883:(10): 918–928. 4873: 4869: 4860: 4858: 4850: 4849: 4845: 4837: 4831: 4820: 4812: 4808: 4753: 4749: 4704: 4700: 4655: 4651: 4612: 4608: 4599: 4597: 4589: 4588: 4584: 4561:(10): 584–588. 4547: 4543: 4496: 4492: 4445: 4438: 4385: 4381: 4336: 4332: 4291:(2): e0170772. 4277: 4268: 4245: 4241: 4196: 4192: 4147: 4143: 4112: 4105: 4060: 4056: 4047: 4045: 4027: 4023: 3996: 3992: 3965: 3952: 3943: 3941: 3932: 3931: 3927: 3880: 3876: 3838: 3837: 3828: 3819: 3817: 3812: 3811: 3807: 3798: 3796: 3791: 3790: 3786: 3741: 3737: 3698: 3694: 3685: 3683: 3674: 3673: 3669: 3660: 3658: 3650: 3649: 3645: 3590: 3586: 3577: 3575: 3567: 3566: 3562: 3553: 3551: 3541: 3537: 3528: 3526: 3518: 3517: 3513: 3482:(8): CD010459. 3468: 3464: 3433: 3429: 3398: 3394: 3355: 3348: 3303: 3299: 3260: 3256: 3211: 3207: 3170: 3166: 3135:(9): CD005472. 3121: 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28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6170: 6160: 6159: 6142: 6141: 6139: 6138: 6133: 6128: 6119: 6114: 6109: 6104: 6099: 6094: 6089: 6084: 6079: 6074: 6069: 6064: 6062:Comfort object 6059: 6054: 6049: 6044: 6043: 6042: 6037: 6027: 6022: 6017: 6012: 6011: 6010: 6005: 6000: 5995: 5990: 5985: 5980: 5969: 5967: 5963: 5962: 5959: 5958: 5956: 5955: 5950: 5945: 5940: 5935: 5933:Sleep medicine 5929: 5927: 5923: 5922: 5920: 5919: 5918: 5917: 5907: 5906: 5905: 5900: 5890: 5885: 5879: 5877: 5871: 5870: 5868: 5867: 5862: 5857: 5852: 5847: 5842: 5837: 5832: 5823: 5818: 5813: 5807: 5805: 5801: 5800: 5798: 5797: 5792: 5787: 5782: 5777: 5772: 5767: 5761: 5759: 5753: 5752: 5750: 5749: 5744: 5739: 5734: 5729: 5724: 5719: 5713: 5711: 5704: 5701: 5700: 5698: 5697: 5692: 5687: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5657: 5651: 5649: 5643: 5642: 5640: 5639: 5634: 5633: 5632: 5627: 5622: 5617: 5612: 5602: 5597: 5591: 5589: 5580: 5574: 5573: 5571: 5570: 5565: 5560: 5555: 5550: 5545: 5540: 5535: 5530: 5525: 5519: 5517: 5511: 5510: 5508: 5507: 5502: 5497: 5491: 5489: 5482: 5481: 5470: 5469: 5462: 5455: 5447: 5441: 5440: 5434: 5431:Sleep Problems 5428: 5412: 5411: 5408: 5407: 5396: 5384: 5383: 5381: 5377: 5376: 5373: 5372: 5361: 5350: 5327: 5307: 5302: 5301: 5299: 5298:Classification 5291: 5290:External links 5288: 5285: 5284: 5247:(4): 318–328. 5227: 5198:(7): 630–638. 5178: 5169: 5147: 5144:on 2011-12-05. 5124: 5105: 5066: 5044: 5007: 4982: 4964: 4957: 4939: 4910: 4867: 4843: 4840:on 2011-07-26. 4829: 4806: 4747: 4718:(7): 623–634. 4712:Sleep Medicine 4698: 4669:(5): 311–315. 4649: 4622:(1): 111–116. 4606: 4582: 4541: 4490: 4436: 4379: 4350:(2): 431–439. 4330: 4266: 4239: 4190: 4141: 4122:(2): 110–118. 4116:Sleep Medicine 4103: 4054: 4021: 4010:(5): 368–377. 3990: 3979:(5): 368–377. 3950: 3925: 3874: 3826: 3805: 3784: 3735: 3692: 3667: 3643: 3584: 3560: 3535: 3511: 3462: 3427: 3408:(4): 281–302. 3392: 3365:(4): 228–233. 3346: 3317:(4): 369–373. 3297: 3270:(3): 288–302. 3254: 3225:(8): 683–688. 3205: 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6006: 6004: 6001: 5999: 5996: 5994: 5991: 5989: 5986: 5984: 5981: 5979: 5976: 5975: 5974: 5971: 5970: 5968: 5964: 5954: 5951: 5949: 5946: 5944: 5941: 5939: 5936: 5934: 5931: 5930: 5928: 5924: 5916: 5913: 5912: 5911: 5908: 5904: 5901: 5899: 5896: 5895: 5894: 5891: 5889: 5888:Sleep hygiene 5886: 5884: 5881: 5880: 5878: 5876: 5872: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5845:Sleep inertia 5843: 5841: 5838: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5819: 5817: 5814: 5812: 5809: 5808: 5806: 5802: 5796: 5795:Sleep-talking 5793: 5791: 5790:Sleep driving 5788: 5786: 5783: 5781: 5778: 5776: 5773: 5771: 5768: 5766: 5763: 5762: 5760: 5758: 5754: 5748: 5745: 5743: 5740: 5738: 5735: 5733: 5730: 5728: 5725: 5723: 5720: 5718: 5715: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5702: 5696: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5652: 5650: 5648: 5644: 5638: 5635: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5608: 5607: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5598: 5596: 5593: 5592: 5590: 5588: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5575: 5569: 5566: 5564: 5563:Sleep spindle 5561: 5559: 5556: 5554: 5551: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5541: 5539: 5536: 5534: 5531: 5529: 5526: 5524: 5521: 5520: 5518: 5516: 5512: 5506: 5503: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5493: 5492: 5490: 5488: 5483: 5479: 5475: 5468: 5463: 5461: 5456: 5454: 5449: 5448: 5445: 5438: 5435: 5432: 5429: 5426: 5421: 5417: 5416: 5406: 5402: 5401: 5397: 5395: 5391: 5390: 5386: 5385: 5382: 5378: 5371: 5367: 5366: 5362: 5360: 5356: 5355: 5351: 5349: 5345: 5341: 5337: 5336: 5332: 5328: 5326: 5322: 5318: 5317: 5313: 5309: 5308: 5305: 5300: 5296: 5280: 5276: 5271: 5266: 5262: 5258: 5254: 5250: 5246: 5242: 5238: 5231: 5223: 5219: 5214: 5209: 5205: 5201: 5197: 5193: 5189: 5182: 5173: 5165: 5161: 5157: 5151: 5143: 5139: 5138:helpguide.org 5135: 5128: 5120: 5116: 5109: 5094: 5090: 5086: 5082: 5081: 5076: 5070: 5054: 5048: 5029: 5025: 5018: 5011: 4996: 4992: 4986: 4978: 4974: 4968: 4960: 4954: 4950: 4943: 4929:on 2016-07-27 4928: 4924: 4920: 4914: 4906: 4902: 4898: 4894: 4890: 4886: 4882: 4878: 4871: 4857: 4853: 4847: 4836: 4832: 4826: 4819: 4818: 4810: 4802: 4798: 4793: 4788: 4784: 4780: 4775: 4770: 4766: 4762: 4758: 4751: 4743: 4739: 4734: 4729: 4725: 4721: 4717: 4713: 4709: 4702: 4694: 4690: 4685: 4680: 4676: 4672: 4668: 4664: 4660: 4653: 4645: 4641: 4637: 4633: 4629: 4625: 4621: 4617: 4610: 4596: 4592: 4586: 4578: 4574: 4569: 4564: 4560: 4556: 4552: 4545: 4537: 4533: 4528: 4523: 4518: 4513: 4509: 4505: 4501: 4494: 4486: 4482: 4477: 4472: 4467: 4462: 4458: 4454: 4450: 4443: 4441: 4432: 4428: 4423: 4418: 4414: 4410: 4406: 4402: 4398: 4394: 4390: 4383: 4375: 4371: 4366: 4361: 4357: 4353: 4349: 4345: 4341: 4334: 4326: 4322: 4317: 4312: 4307: 4302: 4298: 4294: 4290: 4286: 4282: 4275: 4273: 4271: 4262: 4258: 4254: 4250: 4243: 4235: 4231: 4226: 4221: 4217: 4213: 4209: 4205: 4201: 4194: 4186: 4182: 4177: 4172: 4168: 4164: 4160: 4156: 4152: 4145: 4137: 4133: 4129: 4125: 4121: 4117: 4110: 4108: 4099: 4095: 4090: 4085: 4081: 4077: 4073: 4069: 4065: 4058: 4044: 4040: 4036: 4032: 4025: 4017: 4013: 4009: 4005: 4001: 3994: 3986: 3982: 3978: 3974: 3970: 3963: 3961: 3959: 3957: 3955: 3940:on 2008-10-04 3939: 3935: 3929: 3921: 3917: 3912: 3907: 3902: 3897: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3878: 3870: 3866: 3862: 3858: 3854: 3850: 3846: 3842: 3835: 3833: 3831: 3815: 3814:"About AADSM" 3809: 3794: 3788: 3780: 3776: 3771: 3766: 3762: 3758: 3754: 3750: 3746: 3739: 3731: 3727: 3723: 3719: 3715: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3696: 3682:on 2012-05-08 3681: 3677: 3671: 3657: 3653: 3647: 3639: 3635: 3630: 3625: 3620: 3615: 3611: 3607: 3604:(5): e63773. 3603: 3599: 3595: 3588: 3574: 3570: 3564: 3550: 3546: 3539: 3525: 3521: 3515: 3507: 3503: 3498: 3493: 3489: 3485: 3481: 3477: 3473: 3466: 3458: 3454: 3450: 3446: 3442: 3438: 3431: 3423: 3419: 3415: 3411: 3407: 3403: 3396: 3388: 3384: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3353: 3351: 3342: 3338: 3333: 3328: 3324: 3320: 3316: 3312: 3308: 3301: 3293: 3289: 3285: 3281: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3265: 3258: 3250: 3246: 3242: 3238: 3233: 3228: 3224: 3220: 3216: 3209: 3201: 3197: 3192: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3175: 3168: 3160: 3156: 3151: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3134: 3130: 3126: 3119: 3117: 3108: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3073: 3059: 3055: 3049: 3041: 3037: 3032: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3008: 3000: 2996: 2991: 2986: 2982: 2978: 2974: 2970: 2966: 2959: 2951: 2947: 2942: 2937: 2932: 2927: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2907: 2900: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2877: 2869: 2865: 2861: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2843: 2836: 2834: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2802: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2759: 2751: 2747: 2742: 2737: 2733: 2729: 2725: 2721: 2717: 2710: 2708: 2706: 2697: 2693: 2688: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2664: 2656: 2652: 2647: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2622: 2615: 2607: 2603: 2598: 2593: 2588: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2566:Verkhratsky A 2560: 2558: 2549: 2545: 2540: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2519: 2515: 2508: 2500: 2496: 2491: 2486: 2481: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2457: 2455: 2453: 2451: 2449: 2440: 2436: 2431: 2426: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2407: 2405: 2396: 2392: 2387: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2355: 2353: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2320: 2316: 2309: 2307: 2298: 2294: 2289: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2249: 2247: 2245: 2243: 2241: 2232: 2228: 2223: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2191: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2148: 2146: 2144: 2142: 2140: 2138: 2136: 2134: 2132: 2130: 2128: 2126: 2124: 2122: 2120: 2118: 2116: 2114: 2112: 2110: 2108: 2106: 2104: 2102: 2100: 2098: 2096: 2094: 2092: 2090: 2088: 2086: 2084: 2082: 2080: 2078: 2076: 2067: 2063: 2058: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2026: 2024: 2022: 2020: 2018: 2016: 2014: 2012: 2010: 2008: 2006: 2004: 2002: 2000: 1998: 1996: 1994: 1984: 1982: 1980: 1978: 1968: 1966: 1964: 1957: 1953: 1947: 1945: 1935: 1926: 1924: 1914: 1912: 1910: 1908: 1906: 1904: 1902: 1900: 1898: 1896: 1885: 1883: 1881: 1879: 1877: 1875: 1873: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1837: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1794: 1786: 1782: 1777: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1745: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1720: 1718: 1708: 1706: 1697: 1693: 1688: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1656: 1641: 1637: 1631: 1617: 1613: 1607: 1600: 1596: 1590: 1586: 1579: 1572: 1570: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1526: 1524: 1522: 1517: 1506: 1503: 1501: 1498: 1496: 1493: 1491: 1488: 1486: 1483: 1481: 1480:Sleep hygiene 1478: 1476: 1473: 1471: 1468: 1466: 1463: 1461: 1458: 1456: 1453: 1451: 1448: 1447: 1437: 1434: 1431: 1427: 1424: 1419: 1418:Schizophrenia 1415: 1412: 1410: 1407: 1405: 1402: 1400: 1397: 1395: 1392: 1388: 1385: 1384: 1383: 1380: 1378: 1375: 1373: 1370: 1369: 1367: 1362: 1359: 1356: 1355:Sleep talking 1353: 1350: 1347: 1345: 1342: 1339: 1336: 1333: 1330: 1327: 1324: 1321: 1318: 1315: 1312: 1311: 1309: 1306: 1302: 1299: 1297: 1294: 1292: 1289: 1288: 1287: 1284: 1280: 1277: 1275: 1272: 1268: 1265: 1263: 1260: 1258: 1254: 1253: 1251: 1248: 1243: 1240: 1238: 1234: 1231: 1228: 1225: 1222: 1221: 1219: 1215: 1212: 1209: 1208: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1195: 1194: 1185: 1182: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1164: 1161: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1139: 1136: 1132: 1129: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1107: 1104: 1101: 1098: 1095: 1092: 1088: 1087:hypneic jerks 1084: 1081: 1077: 1074: 1071: 1068: 1065: 1061: 1058: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1045: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1031: 1028: 1025: 1022: 1019: 1016: 1013: 1010: 1007: 1004: 1001: 998: 994: 990: 986: 982: 978: 975: 972: 969: 966: 963: 962: 961: 953: 950: 940: 938: 933: 931: 927: 917: 914: 903: 899: 897: 893: 889: 881: 872: 868: 865: 861: 857: 852: 848: 846: 842: 837: 834: 825: 816: 813: 810: 806: 801: 799: 794: 793: 788: 783: 780: 779:sleep bruxism 775: 772: 768: 753: 749: 747: 742: 738: 736: 732: 728: 724: 720: 715: 713: 709: 705: 701: 697: 693: 689: 683: 678: 676: 675:United States 672: 668: 664: 660: 656: 652: 648: 644: 635: 631: 626: 616: 614: 613:sleep latency 610: 600: 597: 591: 589: 585: 580: 576: 575:music therapy 570: 563:Music therapy 560: 557: 555: 550: 540: 538: 534: 524: 521: 517: 507: 504: 500: 498: 497:sleep hygiene 492: 490: 484: 478: 474: 471: 468: 465: 462: 461: 460: 454: 450: 445: 436: 427: 424: 414: 410: 408: 407:schizophrenia 400:Schizophrenia 392: 388: 384: 380: 376: 372: 368: 364: 360: 356: 352: 348: 344: 340: 338: 333: 329: 325: 321: 317: 313: 303: 299: 297: 293: 289: 285: 281: 277: 273: 263: 261: 256: 252: 250: 246: 242: 232: 223: 221: 215: 213: 208: 206: 205:night terrors 202: 198: 194: 190: 186: 182: 177: 173: 169: 164: 162: 158: 153: 149: 145: 141: 132: 128: 124: 120: 117: 115: 111: 108: 103: 99: 94: 89: 77: 74: 66: 63:February 2024 56: 50: 48: 43:This article 41: 32: 31: 19: 6008:Sleeping bag 5785:Sleepwalking 5770:Night terror 5577: 5487:sleep cycles 5477: 5398: 5387: 5363: 5352: 5329: 5310: 5244: 5240: 5230: 5195: 5191: 5181: 5172: 5164:the original 5159: 5150: 5142:the original 5137: 5127: 5118: 5108: 5098:27 September 5096:. Retrieved 5078: 5075:"Dyssomnias" 5069: 5057:. Retrieved 5047: 5035:. Retrieved 5028:the original 5023: 5010: 4998:. Retrieved 4985: 4976: 4967: 4948: 4942: 4931:. Retrieved 4927:the original 4922: 4913: 4880: 4876: 4870: 4859:. Retrieved 4855: 4846: 4835:the original 4816: 4809: 4764: 4760: 4750: 4715: 4711: 4701: 4666: 4662: 4652: 4619: 4615: 4609: 4598:. Retrieved 4594: 4585: 4558: 4554: 4544: 4507: 4503: 4493: 4456: 4452: 4396: 4392: 4382: 4347: 4343: 4333: 4288: 4284: 4255:(2): 37–41. 4252: 4248: 4242: 4207: 4203: 4193: 4161:(3): 85–90. 4158: 4154: 4144: 4119: 4115: 4074:(6): 54–61. 4071: 4067: 4057: 4046:. Retrieved 4034: 4024: 4007: 4003: 3993: 3976: 3972: 3942:. Retrieved 3938:the original 3928: 3891: 3887: 3877: 3844: 3840: 3818:. Retrieved 3808: 3797:. Retrieved 3787: 3752: 3748: 3738: 3705: 3701: 3695: 3684:. Retrieved 3680:the original 3670: 3659:. Retrieved 3655: 3646: 3601: 3597: 3587: 3576:. Retrieved 3572: 3563: 3552:. Retrieved 3548: 3538: 3527:. Retrieved 3523: 3514: 3479: 3475: 3465: 3443:(1): 51–62. 3440: 3436: 3430: 3405: 3401: 3395: 3362: 3358: 3314: 3310: 3300: 3267: 3263: 3257: 3222: 3218: 3208: 3181: 3177: 3167: 3132: 3128: 3082: 3078: 3072: 3061:. Retrieved 3057: 3048: 3021: 3017: 3007: 2975:(1): 65–74. 2972: 2968: 2958: 2916:(3): e9444. 2913: 2909: 2899: 2890: 2886: 2876: 2841: 2815: 2811: 2801: 2768: 2764: 2758: 2726:(1): 17–23. 2723: 2719: 2680:(1): 83–90. 2677: 2673: 2663: 2628: 2625:Neuroscience 2624: 2614: 2577: 2573: 2521: 2517: 2507: 2470: 2466: 2420: 2416: 2368: 2364: 2318: 2314: 2262: 2258: 2204: 2200: 2190: 2157: 2153: 2039: 2035: 1951: 1934: 1846: 1842: 1836: 1803: 1799: 1793: 1758: 1754: 1744: 1736: 1728: 1669: 1665: 1655: 1644:. Retrieved 1639: 1630: 1619:. Retrieved 1615: 1606: 1598: 1584: 1535: 1531: 1349:Sleepwalking 1338:Sleep terror 1170:somnambulism 1169: 1166:Sleepwalking 1050: 1047:Night terror 959: 946: 934: 923: 909: 900: 886: 869: 853: 849: 838: 831: 822: 814: 802: 795: 791: 784: 776: 771:sleepwalking 764: 756:Epidemiology 750: 739: 716: 685: 680: 640: 628: 606: 592: 572: 558: 554:Hypnotherapy 546: 530: 513: 505: 501: 493: 485: 481: 458: 448: 433: 420: 411: 403: 389: 385: 381: 377: 373: 369: 365: 361: 357: 353: 349: 345: 341: 320:beta-amyloid 309: 300: 269: 257: 253: 238: 216: 209: 201:sleepwalking 165: 143: 139: 137: 69: 60: 47:copy editing 45:may require 44: 6092:Second wind 6067:Dream diary 5943:Sleep study 5883:Sleep diary 5835:Hypnopompia 5830:Sleep onset 5821:Hypnic jerk 5660:Hypersomnia 5610:Catathrenia 5605:Sleep apnea 5515:Brain waves 5485:Stages of 5389:MedlinePlus 5015:Mandell R. 4995:Mayo Clinic 4555:Pneumologie 4510:: 1764837. 4399:(1): 7862. 3894:: 8637498. 2771:: 305–308. 2631:: 163–188. 2524:(1): 7–14. 2490:10852/76588 2423:: 116–122. 1490:Sleep study 1450:Chronotypes 1326:Catathrenia 1308:Parasomnias 1257:sleep apnea 1218:hypersomnia 1201:hypersomnia 1184:Somniphobia 1131:Sleep apnea 1070:Parasomnias 971:Catathrenia 727:sleep apnea 533:acupuncture 527:Acupuncture 326:(CRSD) and 316:hypersomnia 292:hypersomnia 241:sleep apnea 193:hypersomnia 185:sleep apnea 172:parasomnias 6126:Sleep debt 6072:Microsleep 6052:Chronotype 5966:Daily life 5850:Somnolence 5826:Hypnagogia 5757:Parasomnia 5675:Narcolepsy 5587:Anatomical 5568:Theta wave 5538:Gamma wave 5533:Delta wave 5523:Alpha wave 5365:DiseasesDB 5113:Levin NS. 4933:2011-06-23 4861:2023-09-09 4600:2017-11-27 4048:2021-09-19 4035:StatPearls 3944:2008-08-02 3820:2008-07-22 3799:2008-07-22 3686:2008-07-21 3661:2016-03-08 3578:2019-09-30 3554:2019-09-29 3529:2019-09-29 3063:2017-06-08 1806:(4): 114. 1666:Pediatrics 1646:2021-08-24 1621:2019-06-25 1512:References 1495:Sundowning 1430:Tsetse fly 1387:Depression 1377:Alcoholism 1314:Bedwetting 1224:Narcolepsy 1197:Dyssomnias 1127:for more). 1033:Narcolepsy 892:depression 841:East Asian 708:idiopathic 696:narcolepsy 667:psychiatry 659:pediatrics 472:Medication 391:patients. 337:sundowning 274:, such as 245:narcolepsy 235:disorders. 189:narcolepsy 168:dyssomnias 161:actigraphy 144:somnipathy 123:Psychiatry 105:Pediatric 55:editing it 6136:Sleepover 6087:Power nap 6082:Nightwear 5948:Melatonin 5910:Somnology 5875:Treatment 5708:disorders 5647:Dyssomnia 5553:PGO waves 5548:Mu rhythm 5543:K-complex 5528:Beta wave 5505:Slow-wave 5400:eMedicine 5261:0748-7304 4783:0953-4180 4644:245696606 3869:204057541 3755:: 58–69. 2793:238357084 2160:: 35–52. 1416:(such as 1414:Psychosis 1361:Sleep sex 1145:paralysis 1041:cataplexy 883:Insomnia. 864:algorithm 671:neurology 609:melatonin 603:Melatonin 489:modafinil 466:treatment 439:Treatment 328:melatonin 282:(PD) and 131:Neurology 114:Specialty 6151:Category 6003:Mattress 5978:Bunk bed 5898:Hypnosis 5690:Nocturia 5665:Insomnia 5279:12932084 5222:20530317 5059:27 April 4897:22995695 4801:25110396 4742:21752711 4693:21571556 4636:35216758 4577:22987326 4536:27699167 4485:23433391 4431:29777125 4374:25700593 4325:28234940 4285:PLOS ONE 4234:27707447 4185:29370154 4136:21257344 4098:25628080 4043:30252388 4016:24695508 3985:24695508 3920:30150906 3861:34780625 3779:27090821 3730:42939232 3722:10728139 3638:23691095 3598:PLOS ONE 3506:36000763 3457:23582682 3422:12531150 3387:10018843 3341:17694725 3292:21598789 3284:17558719 3249:18511973 3241:18797562 3159:22972087 3150:11262418 3107:42447055 3099:15056401 3040:16983053 2999:20851648 2950:20209158 2910:PLOS ONE 2868:22608642 2824:23944726 2785:34606807 2750:26055669 2696:17310868 2655:26314632 2606:31379620 2548:29136236 2499:30856497 2473:: 6–12. 2439:30072039 2395:18848476 2335:20046194 2297:24136970 2231:22162057 2182:39928206 2174:28249715 2066:27325209 1863:22705246 1820:23970760 1785:25777485 1733:Archived 1696:20457689 1640:Sleepify 1560:52935007 1552:30292731 1443:See also 1216:Primary 1211:Insomnia 1205:insomnia 1178:dressing 1153:auditory 1064:enuresis 1060:Nocturia 1021:Insomnia 987:(ASPD), 896:insomnia 833:Insomnia 828:Insomnia 688:symptoms 549:hypnosis 543:Hypnosis 537:insomnia 288:insomnia 249:insomnia 181:insomnia 6030:Bedtime 6025:Bedroom 6020:Bedding 6015:Bed bug 5998:Hammock 5903:Lullaby 5737:Jet lag 5637:Snoring 5595:Bruxism 5405:med/609 5359:D012893 5270:1262683 5213:2894718 5093:D020920 5037:27 July 5000:27 July 4905:7636103 4792:4109372 4767:: 1–5. 4733:4634567 4684:3156892 4527:5028797 4476:3585751 4422:5959894 4401:Bibcode 4365:4406253 4316:5325204 4293:Bibcode 4261:8442353 4225:5078711 4176:5812312 4089:4347411 3911:6087566 3770:4945477 3629:3656905 3606:Bibcode 3497:9400393 3379:2007894 3332:1978312 3200:9539198 2990:3016451 2941:2830474 2918:Bibcode 2741:5678925 2646:4766066 2597:6656854 2580:: 501. 2539:5768044 2386:2771197 2343:1851910 2288:3880190 2267:Bibcode 2259:Science 2222:3244839 2057:4967375 1828:2218369 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