2043:
1934:
2069:
85:
1547:
356:
2126:
22:
1949:
Members of
Socialist Action were generally, although not exclusively, working class, male, and young (between the ages of 17–30). Whilst they identified with the ideological programme of the PPS, members were also drawn to Socilaist Action by familial bonds, and ties to local neighbourhoods. In
1782:
Socialist Action was a legal entity of the PPS, with units being organised by affiliated local sports clubs, youth groups, trades unions and student organisations. Units were divided into squads and smaller section. The leadership of the organisation was through a command of
Arciszewski, Edmund
1799:, and Wola. Socialist Action also had a youth branch, headed by Dubois, a women's branch led by Aniela Bełzówna, and, after 1938, a student unit in Warsaw. At its height the Warsaw formation of Socailst Action numbered up to 1,000 people.
1783:
Chodyński, and Józef Dzięgielewski, headed by Pużak as commander-in-chief. Mention of how it sought members with military experience. The main base of
Socialist Action was Warsaw where it had five district commands covering the areas of
2008:, Socialist Action opposed the communists in accordance with the anti-communist party line of the PPS. The majority of street confrontations were with the ONR, although Socialist action also regularly clashed with All-Polish Youth,
322:
1684:
nature, increased significantly. During this period self-defence of working class communities was often organised through sports clubs. In 1932 Polish, German, and Jewish members of working class sports clubs from
2090:
badge. Members of
Socialist Action were active in disrupting the distribution of fascist newspapers and destroying propaganda posters, as well as distributing their own literature and posters.
2102:. In September 1939 the PPS leadership officially dissolved the party and militants from Socialist Action were recruited to new units intended to launch attacks behind enemy lines. The
2035:) in mockery of the ONR. In the same year, Socilaist Action successfully countered an attempt by ONR activists to physically prevent Jewish students from commencing studies at the
1131:
1117:
1774:(KPP). The spontaneous organisation of the Red Arrows finally forced the hand of the PPS leadership into organising a permanent uniformed paramilitary under their own aegis.
1124:
893:
317:
2468:
2449:
2338:
2244:
2263:
2098:
Since the mid–1930s Pużak, Arciszewski, Chodyński, and Dzięgielewski had prepared for
Socialist Action to go underground, a plan which was adapted following the
2084:. Street confrontations with fascists were a daily occurrence in Warsaw, from which Socialist Action would aim to retrieve their opponents' symbols such as the
1744:, provoking local socialists into ransacking the premises. The ONR then responded by firing on a PPS meeting, leading to recriminations and a demonstration in
591:
43:
680:
2554:
1725:
at a secret meeting of the
Central Executive Committee of the PPS on 8 February 1934. The decision was made in response to the brutal suppression of the
1661:. However as the PPS began to distance itself from Piłsudski, new militias were formed from 1917, which fought to shape and defend the newly independent
1757:
1634:
596:
2019:
One of the main principles of
Socialist Action was opposition to antisemitism. In 1936 the ONR declared that they would enforce a ‘Jew free day’ on
1060:
2198:
1577:
2588:
2042:
1415:
888:
601:
468:
976:
30:
805:
192:
1736:
However, the decision was not put into action until an attempt by the ONR to encroach on the working class stronghold of so-called ‘
2430:
1143:
898:
1102:
793:
493:
2027:, militants of Socialist Action physically confronted the proposed event. Socialist Action members would later hold their own ‘
1938:
1883:
1672:
on political opponents became increasingly common, leading to the formation of an anti-nationalist self-defence militia by the
922:
569:
817:
2518:
800:
658:
461:
2578:
1705:
converged in Danzig forming a 5,000 strong anti-fascist protest in which they marched on the regional headquaters of the
788:
411:
759:
1726:
1570:
1402:
1171:
773:
766:
212:
1221:
451:
2061:
At the height of his political ascendancy in 1937, Socialist Action successfully broke up a rally of the ONR leader
1956:
profile. The PPS ran training camps for
Socilaist Action’s militants, the first of which was held in the village of
2598:
1502:
2403:
2357:
2311:
2284:
2217:
2172:
1839:
2593:
2036:
685:
1957:
1673:
556:
2023:, one of Warsaw’s main thoroughfares. Together with members of the boxing section of the worker’s sports club
1819:
2583:
2077:
1563:
1421:
966:
910:
878:
648:
426:
406:
1189:
626:
1658:
528:
243:
2150:
2072:
Piasecki at the rally in Warsaw prior to his speech being disrupted by
Socialist Action, 28 November 1937
1762:
1408:
1268:
954:
873:
783:
744:
653:
446:
386:
1745:
1112:
1039:
734:
702:
1771:
1654:
812:
670:
621:
2020:
1709:. Socialist Action would later often allay with such organisations for support in opposing fascism.
431:
1075:
980:
401:
1377:
739:
564:
508:
35:
1843:
2013:
1792:
1662:
1614:
1606:
1308:
1211:
1032:
929:
503:
286:
236:
202:
1851:
1349:
1005:
1923:
1811:
1766:, served as a model for the new organisation, with recruits being drawn from the PPS aligned
1741:
1677:
1529:
1298:
1258:
1231:
1046:
1022:
1017:
939:
717:
631:
339:
296:
538:
1886:
well armed units were created from pre-existing paramilitaries that had been styled on the
1630:
1454:
1236:
1027:
2535:
2487:
2384:
2062:
1933:
8:
2139:
1796:
1784:
1390:
1384:
1363:
1288:
581:
518:
498:
381:
2086:
2055:
1753:
2099:
1730:
1650:
1519:
1313:
1153:
1138:
729:
616:
255:
1950:
regions where the organisation was less strong their units often tended toward a more
1722:
749:
118:
2514:
2411:
2365:
2319:
2292:
2225:
2180:
1952:
1396:
1148:
986:
851:
712:
533:
513:
485:
456:
416:
754:
2131:
2024:
1985:
1669:
1507:
1497:
1370:
1342:
1293:
1184:
1097:
1070:
949:
915:
856:
832:
822:
606:
248:
1961:
1807:
2510:
1989:
1965:
1594:
1551:
1492:
690:
103:
1855:
1760:, albeit independent of the party’s leadership. The SPÖ's own paramilitary, the
2081:
2051:
1903:
1721:
the official establishment of
Socialist Action took place on the initiative of
1323:
1318:
1248:
1175:
1087:
1010:
523:
2199:"Nie tylko akcja pod Bezdanami, czyli jak PPS i Piłsudski napadali na pociągi"
1803:
724:
2572:
2415:
2369:
2323:
2296:
2229:
2184:
1464:
1449:
1444:
636:
478:
2068:
1694:
1638:
2080:, they also took part in local celebrations such as those held in Warsaw’s
1977:
1748:
which was violently dispersed by the police. A group named the Red Arrows (
1681:
1646:
1642:
1626:
1610:
1602:
1474:
998:
827:
436:
347:
260:
222:
90:
1895:
1835:
1993:
1980:, rendered in blue on a red background, which was originally used by the
1718:
1514:
1459:
371:
1875:
1546:
2144:
2028:
1981:
1706:
1439:
1356:
1205:
839:
421:
84:
1915:
1625:
The PPS had a tradition of organised militancy going back to workers'
355:
1827:
1823:
1815:
1524:
993:
1927:
1919:
2494:(in Polish). Translated by Fryszkowska, Monika; Starnawski, Marcin.
2009:
1911:
1867:
1847:
1469:
1283:
1278:
2076:
While Socialist Action organised large processions for the annual
1907:
1899:
2268:
2107:
1698:
2469:"Sport w Polskim Ruchu Antyfaszystowskim Przed 1939 R. Część II"
2450:"Sport w Polskim Ruchu Antyfaszystowskim Przed 1939 R. Część II"
2339:"Sport w Polskim Ruchu Antyfaszystowskim Przed 1939 R. Część II"
2245:"Sport w Polskim Ruchu Antyfaszystowskim Przed 1939 R. Część II"
1871:
21:
2264:"Sport w Polskim Ruchu Antyfaszystowskim Przed 1939 R. Część I"
1942:
1891:
1831:
1702:
1690:
1686:
1629:
units that were first formed in 1904. These later evolved into
232:
2404:"Trzy strzały. Paramilitarne struktury PPS w latach 1934-1939"
2358:"Trzy strzały. Paramilitarne struktury PPS w latach 1934-1939"
2312:"Trzy strzały. Paramilitarne struktury PPS w latach 1934-1939"
2285:"Trzy strzały. Paramilitarne struktury PPS w latach 1934-1939"
2218:"O wolność. Polskie socjalistyczne formacje zbrojne 1917–1920"
2173:"O wolność. Polskie socjalistyczne formacje zbrojne 1917–1920"
2125:
1802:
Outside of Warsaw, Socialist Action units were soon formed in
1637:, which became notorious for a string of heists including the
1879:
1863:
1859:
1788:
1740:’ in Warsaw. In May the ONR opened a new headquarters at 44
1657:, and at the beginning of WWI made up the membership of the
1768:
Organizacja Młodzieży Towarzystwa Uniwersytetu Robotniczego
1737:
1199:
861:
473:
894:
Japanese in the Chinese resistance to the Empire of Japan
1770:, local workers sports clubs, and even members of the
681:
Resistance in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
2402:
Grudka, Piotr; Tomasiewicz, Jarosław (Spring 2018).
2356:
Grudka, Piotr; Tomasiewicz, Jarosław (Spring 2018).
2310:
Grudka, Piotr; Tomasiewicz, Jarosław (Spring 2018).
2283:
Grudka, Piotr; Tomasiewicz, Jarosław (Spring 2018).
2121:
2555:"Socjaliści polscy w "wojnie o całe jutro świata""
2534:Sankowski, Stanisław (1981). Grudka, Piotr (ed.).
2504:
2486:Sankowski, Stanisław (1981). Grudka, Piotr (ed.).
2383:Sankowski, Stanisław (1981). Grudka, Piotr (ed.).
2004:Like their counterparts in the Iron Front and the
2401:
2355:
2309:
2282:
2570:
1061:Romanian resistance movement during World War II
2016:members who were known to have links to ONR.
1127:Assembly for the National Liberation of Serbia
1571:
2216:Tomasiewicz, Jarosław (Summer–Autumn 2017).
2171:Tomasiewicz, Jarosław (Summer–Autumn 2017).
1937:Members of Socialist Action marching in the
2215:
2170:
1918:. No permanent units were formed in either
889:Political dissidence in the Empire of Japan
469:Manifesto of the Anti-Fascist Intellectuals
2552:
2507:Warsaw Housing Cooperative: City in Action
1578:
1564:
977:Polish resistance movement in World War II
2533:
2485:
2382:
1668:During the 1920s, violent attacks by the
1416:(We Don't Need This) Fascist Groove Thang
193:Second Department of Polish General Staff
2428:
2067:
2041:
1932:
1144:Liberation Front of the Slovenian People
46:of all important aspects of the article.
2553:Żuczkowski, Maciej (9 September 2019).
2466:
2447:
2336:
2261:
2242:
1976:The symbol of Socialist Action was the
1752:) was then formed by the PPS activists
794:Pope Pius XII and the German Resistance
494:Antifascist Worker and Peasant Militias
2571:
2505:Matysek-Imielińska, Magdalena (2020).
1862:. Socialist Action was present in the
1680:(ONR) political violence, often of an
1118:Anti-fascist Assembly for the National
42:Please consider expanding the lead to
2536:"Wspomnienie o Akcji Socjalistycznej"
2488:"Wspomnienie o Akcji Socjalistycznej"
2385:"Wspomnienie o Akcji Socjalistycznej"
2046:A banner declaring a ‘Jew free day’ (
1676:. Following the establishment of the
1653:. PPS members were active within the
1132:Anti-Fascist Council for the National
899:Japanese People's Emancipation League
801:National Committee for a Free Germany
191:battalions under the command of the
15:
2589:Military wings of socialist parties
818:Saefkow-Jacob-Bästlein Organization
789:Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany
412:Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany
13:
2110:and the Dąbrowa Basin, whilst the
1960:with additional lectures given by
1727:Social Democratic Party of Austria
1403:Skinheads Against Racial Prejudice
659:People's Liberation Insurgent Army
313:Robotnicza Brygada Obrony Warszawy
213:Labour and Socialist International
14:
2610:
2429:Sacewicz, Karol (22 March 2020).
2050:) at an ONR picket in support of
1222:Anti-fascist research group Kafka
2124:
1545:
1503:Anti-Germans (political current)
354:
83:
63:Polish paramilitary organization
20:
2546:
2527:
2498:
2479:
2460:
2441:
2422:
2395:
2376:
2037:Warsaw University of Technology
93:symbol used by Socialist Action
34:may be too short to adequately
2467:Blerski, Eryk (19 June 2013).
2448:Blerski, Eryk (19 June 2013).
2349:
2337:Blerski, Eryk (19 June 2013).
2330:
2303:
2276:
2255:
2243:Blerski, Eryk (19 June 2013).
2236:
2209:
2191:
2164:
2093:
1988:organisation operating in the
1172:Post–World War II anti-fascism
557:Resistance during World War II
44:provide an accessible overview
1:
2262:Blerski, Eryk (6 June 2013).
2205:(in Polish). 8 November 2022.
2157:
2114:battalion was based in Łódź.
1890:. This included the areas of
1620:
1422:Red and anarchist black metal
967:Norwegian resistance movement
911:Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee
879:National Liberation Committee
649:Bulgarian resistance movement
427:Reichsbanner Schwarz-Rot-Gold
1926:, nor the ONR stronghold of
1777:
1712:
1659:Polish Military Organisation
1113:Yugoslav resistance movement
1103:Moldovan resistance movement
570:National Liberation Movement
529:Mackenzie-Papineau Battalion
7:
2431:"Antykomunizm socjalistów…"
2151:Republikanischer Schutzbund
2117:
2006:Republikanischer Schutzbund
1922:, due to the opposition of
1888:Republikanischer Schutzbund
1763:Republikanischer Schutzbund
1717:According to the historian
1409:This machine kills fascists
1269:Aktion Kinder des Holocaust
955:Binnenlandse Strijdkrachten
874:Italian resistance movement
784:German resistance to Nazism
745:Francs-Tireurs et Partisans
597:Latvian resistance movement
462:Concentrazione Antifascista
447:1922 Italian general strike
387:Republikanischer Schutzbund
10:
2615:
2579:Anti-fascist organizations
1999:
1996:and had their own anthem.
1971:
1190:Arsch huh, Zäng ussenander
703:Danish resistance movement
686:Jan Žižka partisan brigade
128:February 8, 1934
1992:. They also utilised the
1772:Communist Party of Poland
1633:'s guerilla organisation
671:Anti-Fascist Organisation
622:Belgian National Movement
302:
292:
282:
274:
266:
254:
242:
228:
218:
208:
198:
179:
164:
139:
124:
114:
98:
82:
74:
73:
68:
2012:youth members, and even
1605:organisation during the
1134:Liberation of Yugoslavia
1076:Slovak National Uprising
981:Polish Underground State
402:Antifaschistische Aktion
2599:Socialist organizations
1120:Liberation of Macedonia
627:Front de l'Indépendance
509:Abraham Lincoln Brigade
256:Political position
2594:Polish Socialist Party
2106:battalion operated in
2073:
2058:
2014:Camp of National Unity
1946:
1655:Riflemen's Association
1615:Polish Socialist Party
1607:Second Polish Republic
1598:
930:Jewish Labor Committee
504:International Brigades
432:Roter Frontkämpferbund
287:Polish Socialist Party
107:
2559:przystanekhistoria.pl
2435:przystanekhistoria.pl
2071:
2045:
1936:
1678:National Radical Camp
1674:Alliance of Democrats
1530:Libertarian socialism
1378:Grândola, Vila Morena
1299:Unite Against Fascism
1259:Antifascistisk Aktion
1232:Armed Forces Movement
1023:Narodowe Siły Zbrojne
1018:Kampfgruppe Auschwitz
940:Luxembourg resistance
602:Lithuanian resistance
297:National Radical Camp
2584:History of socialism
2203:historia.dorzeczy.pl
1844:Piotrków Trybunalski
1599:Akcja Socjalistyczna
1455:Diversity of tactics
925:during the Holocaust
153:–September 1939
76:Akcja Socjalistyczna
2140:Arbeiter-Schutzbund
1968:for the attendees.
1852:Tomaszów Mazowiecki
1609:which acted as the
1552:Politics portal
1434:Tactics and methods
1391:Rock Against Racism
1385:Nazi Punks Fuck Off
1364:First they came ...
1289:Anti-Fascist Action
1006:Bataliony Chłopskie
592:Estonian resistance
582:Austrian resistance
565:Albanian resistance
519:Dabrowski Battalion
499:Confederal militias
382:Arbeiter-Schutzbund
168:September 1939
2410:(in Polish) (77).
2364:(in Polish) (77).
2318:(in Polish) (77).
2291:(in Polish) (77).
2224:(in Polish) (75).
2179:(in Polish) (75).
2100:invasion of Poland
2074:
2059:
1947:
1731:Austrian Civil War
1651:Tomasz Arciszewski
1645:, and a raid near
1520:Left-wing politics
1314:Anti-Racist Action
1154:Yugoslav Partisans
1139:Croatian Partisans
1042:Organizacja Bojowa
617:Belgian Resistance
539:Thälmann Battalion
452:Aventine Secession
141:Dates of operation
2520:978-3-030-23076-0
2063:Bolesław Piasecki
1986:social democratic
1953:Lumpenproletariat
1729:(SPÖ) during the
1588:
1587:
1397:Rock gegen Rechts
1336:Music and culture
1149:Slovene Partisans
923:Jewish resistance
852:Cretan resistance
769:of the Resistance
713:French Resistance
534:Palafox Battalion
514:British Battalion
486:Spanish Civil War
457:Arditi del Popolo
417:Confessing Church
333:
332:
306:Succeeded by
61:
60:
2606:
2563:
2562:
2550:
2544:
2543:
2531:
2525:
2524:
2502:
2496:
2495:
2483:
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2457:
2445:
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2438:
2426:
2420:
2419:
2399:
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2380:
2374:
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2346:
2334:
2328:
2327:
2307:
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2300:
2280:
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2273:
2259:
2253:
2252:
2240:
2234:
2233:
2213:
2207:
2206:
2195:
2189:
2188:
2168:
2134:
2132:Socialism portal
2129:
2128:
2056:Lwów Polytechnic
1924:Zygmunt Żuławski
1812:Dąbrowa Górnicza
1754:Stanisław Dubois
1750:Czerwone Strzały
1670:All-Polish Youth
1591:Socialist Action
1580:
1573:
1566:
1550:
1549:
1508:Anti-Japaneseism
1498:Anti-nationalism
1371:Fischia il vento
1343:A las Barricadas
1294:Anti-Nazi League
1098:Soviet partisans
1071:Slovak partisans
950:Dutch resistance
857:Greek resistance
833:Oster conspiracy
823:Schwarze Kapelle
767:National Council
762:de la Résistance
654:Fatherland Front
607:Soviet partisans
392:Socialist Action
358:
335:
334:
249:Social democracy
175:
173:
160:
158:
152:
150:
142:
135:
133:
87:
78:
69:Socialist Action
66:
65:
56:
53:
47:
24:
16:
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2613:
2609:
2608:
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2605:
2604:
2603:
2569:
2568:
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2566:
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2547:
2532:
2528:
2521:
2513:. p. 186.
2503:
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2465:
2461:
2446:
2442:
2427:
2423:
2400:
2396:
2381:
2377:
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2350:
2335:
2331:
2308:
2304:
2281:
2277:
2260:
2256:
2241:
2237:
2214:
2210:
2197:
2196:
2192:
2169:
2165:
2160:
2130:
2123:
2120:
2096:
2082:housing estates
2048:Dzień bez Żydów
2002:
1990:Weimar Republic
1974:
1966:Zygmunt Zaremba
1780:
1758:Edward Bugajski
1723:Kazimierz Pużak
1715:
1631:Józef Piłsudski
1623:
1584:
1544:
1537:
1536:
1493:Anti-capitalism
1488:
1480:
1479:
1435:
1427:
1426:
1337:
1329:
1328:
1274:United Kingdom
1238:
1169:
1161:
1160:
1133:
1126:
1119:
1048:
1041:
1035:Ghetto Uprising
1034:
1012:
1000:
988:
924:
917:
768:
761:
760:Mouvements Unis
750:Libération-Nord
691:Prague uprising
554:
546:
545:
463:
377:Central Europe
366:
329:
328:
327:
308:
171:
169:
156:
154:
148:
146:
140:
131:
129:
119:Kazimierz Pużak
94:
64:
57:
51:
48:
41:
29:This article's
25:
12:
11:
5:
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2601:
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2519:
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2421:
2394:
2375:
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2329:
2302:
2275:
2254:
2235:
2208:
2190:
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2161:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2154:
2147:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2119:
2116:
2095:
2092:
2052:ghetto benches
2033:Dzień bez klap
2021:Ujazdów Avenue
2001:
1998:
1973:
1970:
1779:
1776:
1714:
1711:
1622:
1619:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1582:
1575:
1568:
1560:
1557:
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1554:
1539:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1533:
1532:
1527:
1517:
1512:
1511:
1510:
1505:
1495:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1419:
1412:
1405:
1400:
1393:
1388:
1381:
1374:
1367:
1360:
1353:
1346:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1324:Refuse Fascism
1321:
1319:Redneck Revolt
1316:
1311:
1304:United States
1302:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1272:
1271:
1262:
1261:
1252:
1251:
1249:Spanish Maquis
1242:
1241:
1234:
1225:
1224:
1215:
1214:
1212:Liberation Day
1209:
1202:
1193:
1192:
1187:
1176:denazification
1170:
1167:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1157:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1129:
1122:
1106:
1105:
1100:
1091:
1090:
1088:Spanish Maquis
1081:
1080:
1079:
1078:
1064:
1063:
1054:
1053:
1052:
1051:
1044:
1037:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1008:
1003:
996:
991:
970:
969:
960:
959:
958:
957:
943:
942:
933:
932:
927:
920:
913:
904:
903:
902:
901:
891:
882:
881:
876:
867:
866:
865:
864:
854:
845:
844:
843:
842:
837:
836:
835:
830:
820:
815:
810:
809:
808:
798:
797:
796:
777:
776:
774:National Front
771:
764:
757:
755:Libération-sud
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
721:
720:
706:
705:
696:
695:
694:
693:
688:
674:
673:
664:
663:
662:
661:
656:
642:
641:
640:
639:
634:
629:
624:
610:
609:
604:
599:
594:
587:Baltic states
585:
584:
575:
574:
573:
572:
555:
552:
551:
548:
547:
544:
543:
542:
541:
536:
531:
526:
524:ILP Contingent
521:
516:
511:
501:
496:
482:
481:
476:
471:
466:
459:
454:
449:
440:
439:
434:
429:
424:
419:
414:
409:
404:
395:
394:
389:
384:
375:
374:
367:
364:
363:
360:
359:
351:
350:
344:
343:
331:
330:
326:
325:
320:
315:
309:
304:
303:
300:
299:
294:
290:
289:
284:
280:
279:
276:
272:
271:
268:
264:
263:
258:
252:
251:
246:
240:
239:
230:
226:
225:
220:
216:
215:
210:
206:
205:
200:
196:
195:
181:
177:
176:
166:
162:
161:
143:
137:
136:
126:
122:
121:
116:
112:
111:
108:Czerwony Front
100:
96:
95:
88:
80:
79:
71:
70:
62:
59:
58:
38:the key points
28:
26:
19:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2611:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2560:
2556:
2549:
2541:
2537:
2530:
2522:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2501:
2493:
2489:
2482:
2474:
2470:
2463:
2455:
2451:
2444:
2436:
2432:
2425:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2408:Nowy Obywatel
2405:
2398:
2390:
2386:
2379:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2362:Nowy Obywatel
2359:
2352:
2344:
2340:
2333:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2316:Nowy Obywatel
2313:
2306:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2289:Nowy Obywatel
2286:
2279:
2271:
2270:
2265:
2258:
2250:
2246:
2239:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2222:Nowy Obywatel
2219:
2212:
2204:
2200:
2194:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2177:Nowy Obywatel
2174:
2167:
2163:
2153:
2152:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2127:
2122:
2115:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2091:
2089:
2088:
2083:
2079:
2070:
2066:
2064:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2044:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2017:
2015:
2011:
2007:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1969:
1967:
1963:
1962:Adam Próchnik
1959:
1958:Grzegorzewice
1955:
1954:
1945:prior to 1939
1944:
1940:
1935:
1931:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1808:Dąbrowa Basin
1805:
1800:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1775:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1764:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1742:Wolska Street
1739:
1734:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1710:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1666:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1618:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1581:
1576:
1574:
1569:
1567:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1542:
1541:
1540:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1484:
1483:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1465:Popular front
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1450:Direct action
1448:
1446:
1445:Deplatforming
1443:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1431:
1430:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1413:
1410:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1382:
1379:
1375:
1372:
1368:
1365:
1361:
1358:
1354:
1351:
1347:
1344:
1340:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1305:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1275:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1265:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1255:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1196:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1165:
1164:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1130:
1128:
1123:
1121:
1116:
1115:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1109:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1094:
1093:Soviet Union
1089:
1086:
1085:
1084:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1057:
1050:
1049:Zwiazek Walki
1045:
1043:
1038:
1036:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
997:
995:
994:Armia Krajowa
992:
990:
985:
984:
982:
978:
975:
974:
973:
968:
965:
964:
963:
956:
953:
952:
951:
948:
947:
946:
941:
938:
937:
936:
931:
928:
926:
921:
919:
914:
912:
909:
908:
907:
900:
897:
896:
895:
892:
890:
887:
886:
885:
880:
877:
875:
872:
871:
870:
863:
860:
859:
858:
855:
853:
850:
849:
848:
841:
838:
834:
831:
829:
826:
825:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
807:
804:
803:
802:
799:
795:
792:
791:
790:
787:
786:
785:
782:
781:
780:
775:
772:
770:
765:
763:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
730:Armée secrète
728:
726:
723:
719:
716:
715:
714:
711:
710:
709:
704:
701:
700:
699:
692:
689:
687:
684:
683:
682:
679:
678:
677:
672:
669:
668:
667:
660:
657:
655:
652:
651:
650:
647:
646:
645:
638:
637:Witte Brigade
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
619:
618:
615:
614:
613:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
589:
588:
583:
580:
579:
578:
571:
568:
567:
566:
563:
562:
561:
558:
550:
549:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
506:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
491:
490:
489:
487:
480:
479:Volante Rossa
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
444:
443:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
399:
398:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
379:
378:
373:
370:
369:
362:
361:
357:
353:
352:
349:
346:
345:
341:
337:
336:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
310:
307:
301:
298:
295:
291:
288:
285:
281:
278:11,500 (1939)
277:
273:
269:
265:
262:
259:
257:
253:
250:
247:
245:
241:
238:
234:
231:
227:
224:
221:
217:
214:
211:
207:
204:
201:
197:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
167:
163:
145:May 1934
144:
138:
127:
123:
120:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
99:Also known as
97:
92:
86:
81:
77:
72:
67:
55:
45:
39:
37:
32:
27:
23:
18:
17:
2561:(in Polish).
2558:
2548:
2542:(in Polish).
2539:
2529:
2506:
2500:
2491:
2481:
2475:(in Polish).
2472:
2462:
2456:(in Polish).
2453:
2443:
2434:
2424:
2407:
2397:
2391:(in Polish).
2388:
2378:
2361:
2351:
2345:(in Polish).
2342:
2332:
2315:
2305:
2288:
2278:
2272:(in Polish).
2267:
2257:
2251:(in Polish).
2248:
2238:
2221:
2211:
2202:
2193:
2176:
2166:
2149:
2112:Baron-Berlin
2111:
2104:Okrzeja-Odra
2103:
2097:
2085:
2075:
2060:
2047:
2032:
2018:
2005:
2003:
1984:, a similar
1978:Three Arrows
1975:
1951:
1948:
1887:
1856:Zduńska Wola
1801:
1797:South Warsaw
1785:North Warsaw
1781:
1767:
1761:
1749:
1735:
1716:
1667:
1643:Bezdany raid
1627:self-defense
1624:
1613:wing of the
1611:paramilitary
1603:anti-fascist
1590:
1589:
1475:United front
1350:¡Ay Carmela!
1303:
1273:
1264:Switzerland
1263:
1253:
1243:
1226:
1217:Netherlands
1216:
1204:
1194:
1179:
1125:Anti-fascist
1107:
1092:
1082:
1065:
1055:
987:Anti-Fascist
971:
961:
945:Netherlands
944:
934:
905:
883:
868:
846:
828:20 July plot
813:Rote Kapelle
778:
740:Franc-Tireur
707:
697:
675:
665:
643:
611:
586:
576:
559:
553:World War II
483:
441:
437:Three Arrows
396:
391:
376:
348:Anti-fascism
312:
305:
261:Anti-fascism
229:Headquarters
223:Self defence
189:Baron-Berlin
188:
185:Okrzeja-Odra
184:
91:Three Arrows
75:
49:
33:
31:lead section
2540:lewicowo.pl
2492:lewicowo.pl
2473:rozbrat.org
2454:rozbrat.org
2389:lewicowo.pl
2343:rozbrat.org
2249:rozbrat.org
2094:Dissolution
2065:in Warsaw.
2031:free day’ (
2025:Skra Warsaw
1994:raised fist
1838:(including
1804:Częstochowa
1793:Śródmieście
1746:Śródmieście
1719:Ludwik Hass
1682:antisemitic
1515:Anti-racism
1460:Milkshaking
1108:Yugoslavia
935:Luxembourg
725:Armée Juive
632:Secret Army
372:Black Lions
180:Merged into
102:Red Front (
52:August 2024
2573:Categories
2158:References
2145:Iron Front
2087:Szczerbiec
1982:Iron Front
1939:Pomeranian
1910:, and the
1707:Nazi Party
1695:Königsberg
1639:Rogów raid
1621:Background
1440:Black bloc
1357:Bella ciao
1239:Revolution
1206:Bella ciao
840:White Rose
422:Iron Front
407:Black Band
323:MR PPS-WRN
209:Allegiance
132:1934-02-08
125:Foundation
2416:2082-7644
2370:2082-7644
2324:2082-7644
2297:2082-7644
2230:2082-7644
2185:2082-7644
2029:Pinstripe
1912:Kociewian
1904:Wąbrzeźno
1896:Grudziądz
1884:Pomerania
1866:towns of
1828:Zawiercie
1824:Sosnowiec
1816:Kazimierz
1810:(such as
1778:Structure
1713:Formation
1601:) was an
1525:Anarchism
1237:Carnation
1227:Portugal
1066:Slovakia
918:partisans
644:Bulgaria
368:Ethiopia
293:Opponents
270:Disbanded
165:Dissolved
36:summarize
2511:Springer
2118:See also
2010:Sanation
1941:city of
1914:town of
1876:Przemyśl
1868:Borysław
1848:Radomsko
1820:Miłowice
1738:Red Wola
1487:See also
1470:Squadism
1284:62 Group
1279:43 Group
1180:Germany
1056:Romania
1047:Zydowski
1040:Żydowska
779:Germany
698:Denmark
676:Czechia
612:Belgium
577:Austria
560:Albania
464:Italiana
397:Germany
365:Interwar
340:a series
338:Part of
244:Ideology
2269:Rozbrat
2108:Silesia
2078:May Day
2000:Actions
1972:Symbols
1916:Świecie
1699:Stettin
1649:led by
1647:Sławków
1617:(PPS).
1254:Sweden
1168:Postwar
1011:Gwardia
972:Poland
962:Norway
906:Jewish
847:Greece
708:France
484:Spain (
283:Part of
219:Motives
199:Country
172:1939-09
170: (
157:1939-09
155: (
149:1934-05
147: (
130: (
2517:
2414:
2368:
2322:
2295:
2228:
2183:
1943:Gdynia
1928:Poznań
1920:Cracow
1892:Gdynia
1858:) and
1840:Chojny
1832:Kielce
1806:, the
1703:Warsaw
1701:, and
1691:Danzig
1687:Berlin
1663:Poland
1641:, the
1595:Polish
1309:Antifa
1244:Spain
1195:Italy
1185:Antifa
1083:Spain
1033:Warsaw
1013:Ludowa
1001:Ludowa
916:Jewish
884:Japan
869:Italy
735:Combat
718:Maquis
666:Burma
492:
442:Italy
318:GL WRN
267:Status
237:Poland
233:Warsaw
203:Poland
115:Leader
104:Polish
1908:Luboń
1900:Toruń
1882:. In
1880:Wilno
1864:Kresy
1860:Radom
1789:Praga
1635:OBPPS
1028:Olimp
999:Armia
2515:ISBN
2412:ISSN
2366:ISSN
2320:ISSN
2293:ISSN
2226:ISSN
2181:ISSN
2039:.
1964:and
1930:.
1878:and
1872:Lwów
1854:and
1836:Łódź
1826:and
1756:and
1200:ANPI
989:Bloc
862:ELAS
806:AKFD
474:TIGR
275:Size
187:and
183:The
89:The
2054:at
1830:),
1733:.
1665:.
2575::
2557:.
2538:.
2509:.
2490:.
2471:.
2452:.
2433:.
2406:.
2387:.
2360:.
2341:.
2314:.
2287:.
2266:.
2247:.
2220:.
2201:.
2175:.
1906:,
1902:,
1898:,
1894:,
1874:,
1870:,
1850:,
1846:,
1842:,
1834:,
1822:,
1818:,
1814:,
1795:,
1791:,
1787:,
1697:,
1693:,
1689:,
1597::
1178:)
983:)
488:)
342:on
235:,
106::
2523:.
2437:.
2418:.
2372:.
2326:.
2299:.
2232:.
2187:.
1593:(
1579:e
1572:t
1565:v
1418:"
1414:"
1411:"
1407:"
1399:"
1395:"
1387:"
1383:"
1380:"
1376:"
1373:"
1369:"
1366:"
1362:"
1359:"
1355:"
1352:"
1348:"
1345:"
1341:"
1174:(
979:(
174:)
159:)
151:)
134:)
110:)
54:)
50:(
40:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
