1790:
1779:
2085:
1500:
175:
1621:
1361:
1285:
1524:
1512:
1536:
1933:
1301:
49:
581:
8418:
401:
163:
9022:
9010:
1438:
1570:, has produced a drive that sits directly on the SATA connector (SATADOM) on the motherboard without any need for a power cable. Some SSDs are based on the PCIe form factor and connect both the data interface and power through the PCIe connector to the host. These drives can use either direct PCIe flash controllers or a PCIe-to-SATA bridge device which then connects to SATA flash controllers.
420:. As SSDs do not need to spin or seek to locate data, they are vastly superior to HDDs in such tests. However, SSDs have challenges with mixed reads and writes, and their performance may degrade over time. Therefore, SSD testing typically looks at when the full drive is first used, as the new and empty drive may have much better write performance than it would show after only weeks of use.
614:
the failure of a single chip may result in the loss of all data stored on it. Nonetheless, studies indicate that SSDs are generally reliable, often exceed their manufacturer-stated lifespan and having lower failure rates than HDDs. However, studies also note that SSDs experience higher rates of uncorrectable errors, which can lead to data loss, compared to HDDs.
957:
infrequently changed (cold data) from heavily used blocks, so that data that changes more frequently (hot data) can be written to those blocks. This helps distribute wear more evenly across the entire SSD. However, this process introduces additional writes, known as write amplification, which must be managed to balance performance and durability.
1333:(ICs) and an interface connector, its shape is no longer limited to the shape of rotating media drives. Some solid-state storage solutions come in a larger chassis that may even be a rack-mount form factor with numerous SSDs inside. They would all connect to a common bus inside the chassis and connect outside the box with a single connector.
2129:. CFQ was designed for traditional magnetic media and seek optimization, thus many of those I/O scheduling efforts are wasted when used with SSDs. As part of their designs, SSDs offer much bigger levels of parallelism for I/O operations, so it is preferable to leave scheduling decisions to their internal logic, especially for high-end SSDs.
1562:, and many more. The SATADIMM from Viking Technology uses an empty DDR3 DIMM slot on the motherboard to provide power to the SSD with a separate SATA connector to provide the data connection back to the computer. The result is an easy-to-install SSD with a capacity equal to drives that typically take a full 2.5-inch
254:. However, SSDs are generally more expensive on a per-gigabyte basis and have a finite number of write cycles, which can lead to data loss over time. Despite these limitations, SSDs are increasingly replacing HDDs, especially in performance-critical applications and as primary storage in many consumer devices.
1834:
In 2021, NVMe 2.0 with Zoned
Namespaces (ZNS) was announced. ZNS allows data to be mapped directly to its physical location in memory, providing direct access on an SSD without a flash translation layer. In 2024, Samsung announced what it called the world's first SSD with a hybrid PCIe interface, the
1336:
For general computer use, the 2.5-inch form factor (typically found in laptops and used for most SATA SSDs) is the most popular, in three thicknesses (7.0mm, 9.5mm, 14.8 or 15.0mm; with 12.0mm also available for some models). For desktop computers with 3.5-inch hard disk drive slots, a simple adapter
2113:
file requires manual modifications. This is because the current Linux TRIM command implementation might not be optimal. It has been proven to cause a performance degradation instead of a performance increase under certain circumstances. As of
January 2014, Linux sends an individual TRIM command
1875:
As SSD technology continues to improve, they are increasingly used in ultra-mobile PCs and lightweight laptop systems. The first flash-memory SSD based PC to become available was the Sony Vaio UX90, announced for pre-order on 27 June 2006 and began shipping in Japan on 3 July 2006 with a 16 GB
613:
from traditional magnetic hard drives. Because solid-state drives contain no moving parts, they are generally not subject to mechanical failures. However, other types of failures can occur. For example, incomplete or failed writes due to sudden power loss may be more problematic than with HDDs, and
427:
Most of the advantages of solid-state drives over traditional hard drives are due to their ability to access data completely electronically instead of electromechanically, resulting in superior transfer speeds and mechanical ruggedness. On the other hand, hard disk drives offer significantly higher
423:
The reliability of both HDDs and SSDs varies greatly among models. Some field failure rates indicate that SSDs are significantly more reliable than HDDs. However, SSDs are sensitive to sudden power interruption, sometimes resulting in aborted writes or even cases of the complete loss of the drive.
2292:
Windows 8.1 and later
Windows systems also support automatic TRIM for PCI Express SSDs based on NVMe. For Windows 7, the KB2990941 update is required for this functionality and needs to be integrated into Windows Setup using DISM if Windows 7 has to be installed on the NVMe SSD. Windows 8/8.1 also
2263:
to exploit characteristics of USB-connected flash devices, but for SSDs it only improves the default partition alignment to prevent read-modify-write operations that reduce the speed of SSDs. Most SSDs are typically split into 4 KiB sectors, while earlier systems may be based on 512 byte
1830:
As the technology advanced, SSDs saw dramatic improvements in capacity, speed, and affordability. By 2016, commercially available SSDs had more capacity than the largest available HDDs. By 2018, flash-based SSDs had reached capacities of up to 100 TB in enterprise products, with consumer SSDs
1410:
form factor, formerly known as the Next
Generation Form Factor (NGFF), is a natural transition from the mSATA and physical layout it used, to a more usable and more advanced form factor. While mSATA took advantage of an existing form factor and connector, M.2 has been designed to maximize usage of
1364:
An SSD with a 2.5-inch HDD form factor, opened to show solid-state electronics. Empty spaces next to the NAND chips are for additional NAND chips, allowing the same circuit board design to be used on several drive models with different capacities; other drives may instead use a circuit board whose
1105:
3D XPoint is a type of non-volatile memory technology developed by Intel and Micron, announced in 2015. It operates by changing the electrical resistance of materials in its cells, offering much faster access times than NAND flash. 3D XPoint-based SSDs, such as Intel’s Optane drives, provide lower
285:
stored in each cell (between 1 and 4). Single-level cells (SLC) store one bit of data per cell and provide higher performance and endurance. In contrast, multi-level cells (MLC), triple-level cells (TLC), and quad-level cells (QLC) store more data per cell but have lower performance and endurance.
2148:
in kernel version 3.13, released on 19 January 2014. This leverages the performance offered by SSDs and NVMe by allowing much higher I/O submission rates. With this new design of the Linux kernel block layer, internal queues are split into two levels (per-CPU and hardware-submission queues), thus
1190:
The host interface of an SSD refers to the physical connector and the signaling methods used to communicate between the SSD and the host system. This interface is managed by the SSD's controller and is often similar to those found in traditional hard disk drives (HDDs). Common interfaces include:
937:
Micron and Intel pioneered faster SSDs by implementing techniques such as data striping and interleaving to enhance read/write speeds. More recently, SandForce introduced controllers that incorporate data compression to reduce the amount of data written to the flash memory, potentially increasing
1373:
would be to take advantage of the extensive infrastructure already in place to mount and connect the drives to the host system. These traditional form factors are known by the size of the rotating media (i.e., 5.25-inch, 3.5-inch, 2.5-inch or 1.8-inch) and not the dimensions of the drive casing.
956:
Wear leveling is a technique used in SSDs to ensure that write and erase operations are distributed evenly across all blocks of the flash memory. Without this, specific blocks could wear out prematurely due to repeated use, reducing the overall lifespan of the SSD. The process moves data that is
4456:
products will be available in 2016, in both standard SSD (PCIe) form factors for everything from
Ultrabooks to servers, and in a DIMM form factor for Xeon systems for even greater bandwidth and lower latencies. As expected, Intel will be providing storage controllers optimized for the 3D XPoint
2217:
By default, Windows 7 and newer versions execute TRIM commands automatically if the device is detected to be a solid-state drive. However, because TRIM irreversibly resets all freed space, it may be desirable to disable support where enabling data recovery is preferred over wear leveling.
228:, to store data in memory cells. The performance and endurance of SSDs vary depending on the number of bits stored per cell, ranging from high-performing single-level cells (SLC) to more affordable but slower quad-level cells (QLC). In addition to flash-based SSDs, other technologies such as
1089:
devices, are equipped with backup power sources such as internal batteries or external AC/DC adapters. These power sources ensure data is transferred to a backup system (usually NAND flash or another storage medium) in the event of power loss, preventing data corruption or loss. Similarly,
2364:
The following are noted standardization organizations and bodies that work to create standards for solid-state drives (and other computer storage devices). The table below also includes organizations which promote the use of solid-state drives. This is not necessarily an exhaustive list.
1084:
Some SSDs use volatile DRAM instead of NAND flash, offering very high-speed data access but requiring a constant power supply to retain data. DRAM-based SSDs are typically used in specialized applications where performance is prioritized over cost or non-volatility. Many SSDs, such as
1150:
mechanism to temporarily store data in single-level cell (SLC) mode, even on multi-level cell (MLC) or triple-level cell (TLC) SSDs. This improves write performance by allowing data to be written to faster SLC storage before being moved to slower, higher-capacity MLC or TLC storage.
1166:
Higher-performing SSDs may include a capacitor or battery, which helps preserve data integrity in the event of an unexpected power loss. The capacitor or battery provides enough power to allow the data in the cache to be written to the non-volatile memory, ensuring no data is lost.
1170:
In some SSDs that use multi-level cell (MLC) flash memory, a potential issue known as "lower page corruption" can occur if power is lost while programming an upper page. This can result in previously written data becoming corrupted. To address this, some high-end SSDs incorporate
1866:
In 2017, Intel introduced SSDs based on 3D XPoint technology under the Optane brand. Unlike NAND flash, 3D XPoint uses a different method to store data, offering higher IOPS performance, although sequential read and write speeds remain slower compared to traditional SSDs.
2264:
sectors with their default partition setups unaligned to the 4 KiB boundaries. Windows Vista does not send the TRIM command to solid-state drives, but some third-party utilities such as SSD Doctor will periodically scan the drive and TRIM the appropriate entries.
1047:
flash memory for data storage, primarily due to its cost-effectiveness and ability to retain data without a constant power supply. NAND flash-based SSDs store data in semiconductor cells, with the specific architecture influencing performance, endurance, and cost.
704:
layer that temporarily absorbs the large volume of user requests to slower HDD-based backend storage systems. This layer provides much higher bandwidth and lower latency than the storage system would, and can be managed in a number of forms, such as a distributed
592:
and most SSDs use flash memory, they have very different characteristics, including power consumption, performance, size, and reliability. Originally, solid state drives were shaped and mounted in the computer like hard drives. In contrast, memory cards (such as
1812:, which released its first product in 1991:a 20 MB SSD for IBM laptops. While the storage capacity was limited and the price high (around $ 1,000), this marked the beginning of a transition to flash memory as an alternative to traditional hard drives.
2017:
partitions, it might be possible to use swap files inside an ordinary file system instead. For example, OS X does not support swap partitions; it only swaps to files within a file system, so it can use TRIM when, for example, swap files are deleted.
2300:
While
Windows 7 supported automatic TRIM for internal SATA SSDs, Windows 8.1 and Windows 10 support manual TRIM as well as automatic TRIM for SATA, NVMe and USB-attached SSDs. Disk Defragmenter in Windows 10 and 11 may execute TRIM to optimize an SSD.
1072:, advanced error correction, and wear leveling to optimize performance and extend the lifespan of the drive. Lower-end SSDs often use QLC or TLC memory, while higher-end drives for enterprise or performance-critical applications may use MLC or SLC.
1656:(DRAM). The STC 4305 was significantly faster than its mechanical counterparts and cost around $ 400,000 for a 45 MB capacity. Though early SSD-like devices existed, they were not widely used due to their high cost and small storage capacity.
601:(CF), and many others) were originally designed for digital cameras and later found their way into cell phones, gaming devices, GPS units, etc. Most memory cards are physically smaller than SSDs, and designed to be inserted and removed repeatedly.
1963:
SSD shipments were 11 million units in 2009, 17.3 million units in 2011 for a total of US$ 5 billion, 39 million units in 2012, and were expected to rise to 83 million units in 2013 to 201.4 million units in 2016 and to 227 million units in 2017.
295:
slowly leak charge when not powered, while heavily-used consumer drives may start losing data typically after one to two year in storage. SSDs have a limited lifetime number of writes, and also slow down as they reach their full storage capacity.
7519:
1850:), reliability, and energy efficiency. EFDs often have higher specifications than consumer SSDs, making them suitable for mission-critical applications. The term was first used by EMC in 2008 to describe SSDs built for enterprise environments.
728:
flash drive containing the operating system and application software can substitute for larger, less reliable disk drives or CD-ROMs. Appliances built this way can provide an inexpensive alternative to expensive router and firewall hardware.
290:
technology, such as Intel’s Optane, store data by changing electrical resistance instead of storing electrical charges in cells, which can provide faster speeds and longer data persistence compared to conventional flash memory. SSDs based on
933:
The overall performance of an SSD can scale with the number of parallel NAND chips and the efficiency of the controller. For example, controllers that enable parallel processing of NAND flash chips can improve bandwidth and reduce latency.
1857:
Another significant product is the
Toshiba PX02SS series, launched in 2016. Designed for write-intensive applications like online transaction processing, these drives achieved impressive read and write speeds and high endurance ratings.
871:
Every SSD includes a controller, which manages the data flow between the NAND memory and the host computer. The controller is an embedded processor that runs firmware to optimize performance, managing data, and ensuring data integrity.
2276:
and automatic defragmentation. Despite the initial statement by Steven
Sinofsky before the release of Windows 7, however, defragmentation is not disabled, even though its behavior on SSDs differs. One reason is the low performance of
1985:
used on hard disk drives can typically also be used on solid state drives. File systems that support SSDs generally also support the TRIM command, which helps the SSD to recycle discarded data. The file system does not need to manage
481:
Worn-out SSDs may start losing data after as little as three months without power, especially at high temperatures. Newer SSDs, depending on usage, may retain data longer. SSDs are generally not suited for long-term archival storage.
2201:
as a
Terminal command that enables TRIM on non-Apple SSDs. There is also a technique to enable TRIM in versions earlier than Mac OS X 10.6.8, although it remains uncertain whether TRIM is actually utilized properly in those cases.
2185:
Versions since Mac OS X 10.6.8 (Snow
Leopard) support TRIM but only when used with an Apple-purchased SSD. TRIM is not automatically enabled for third-party drives, although it can be enabled by using third-party utilities such as
1182:(FTL) mapping table. Examples include the Crucial M500 and Intel 320 series. Enterprise-class SSDs, such as the Intel DC S3700 series, often come with more robust power-loss protection mechanisms like supercapacitors or batteries.
493:
SSDs lack mechanical parts, theoretically making them more reliable than HDDs. However, SSD cells wear out after a limited number of writes. Controllers help mitigate this, allowing for many years of use under normal conditions.
309:, SSDs do not have moving mechanical parts, which provides advantages such as resistance to physical shock, quieter operation, and faster access times. Their lower latency results in higher input/output rates (IOPS) than HDDs.
5378:
1853:
One example of an EFD is the Intel DC S3700 series, launched in 2012. These drives were notable for their consistent performance, maintaining IOPS variation within a narrow range, which is crucial for enterprise environments.
3592:
1142:
Some SSD controllers, like those from SandForce, achieve high performance without using an external DRAM cache. These designs rely on other mechanisms, such as on-chip SRAM, to manage data and minimize power consumption.
797:(SSHDs) are based on the same principle, but integrate some amount of flash memory on board of a conventional drive instead of using a separate SSD. The flash layer in these drives can be accessed independently from the
7346:
4432:
431:
In traditional HDDs, a rewritten file will generally occupy the same location on the disk surface as the original file, whereas in SSDs the new copy will often be written to different NAND cells for the purpose of
269:, each offering different levels of performance. Hybrid storage solutions, such as solid-state hybrid drives (SSHDs), combine SSD and HDD technologies to offer improved performance at a lower cost than pure SSDs.
5438:
6629:
2982:
1154:
On NVMe SSDs, Host Memory Buffer (HMB) technology allows the SSD to use a portion of the system’s DRAM instead of relying on a built-in DRAM cache, reducing costs while maintaining a high level of performance.
1216:: A newer interface designed for SSDs that is more compact than SATA or PCIe, often found in laptops and high-end desktops. M.2 supports both SATA (up to 6.0 Gbit/s) and PCIe (up to 31.5 Gbit/s) interfaces.
1075:
In addition to the flat (planar) NAND structure, many SSDs now use 3D NAND (or V-NAND), where memory cells are stacked vertically, increasing storage density while improving performance and reducing costs.
1659:
In the late 1980s, companies like Zitel began selling DRAM-based SSD products under the name "RAMDisk." These devices were primarily used in specialized systems like those made by UNIVAC and Perkin-Elmer.
1337:
plate can be used to make such a drive fit. Other types of form factors are more common in enterprise applications. An SSD can also be completely integrated in the other circuitry of the device, as in the
1138:
in hard disk drives. This cache can temporarily hold data while it is being written to the flash memory, and it also stores metadata such as the mapping of logical blocks to physical locations on the SSD.
4148:
1403:
physical layout. It remains electrically compatible with the PCI Express Mini Card interface specification while requiring an additional connection to the SATA host controller through the same connector.
7527:
1158:
In certain high-end consumer and enterprise SSDs, larger amounts of DRAM are included to cache both file table mappings and written data, reducing write amplification and enhances overall performance.
485:
HDDs, when stored in a cool, dry environment, can retain data for longer periods without power. However, over time, mechanical parts may fail, such as the inability to spin up after prolonged storage.
4477:
655:
Recovering data from SSDs presents challenges due to the non-linear and complex nature of data storage in solid-state drives. The internal operations of SSDs vary by manufacturer, with commands (e.g.
6122:
4056:
2956:
1597:), and Memoright's M1000 for use in embedded systems. The main benefits of BGA SSDs are their low power consumption, small chip package size to fit into compact subsystems, and that they can be
6035:
5234:
239:(HDDs), SSDs have no moving parts, allowing them to deliver faster data access speeds, reduced latency, increased resistance to physical shock, lower power consumption, and silent operation.
1831:
offering up to 16 TB. These advancements were accompanied by significant increases in read and write speeds, with some high-end consumer models reaching speeds of up to 14.5 GB/s.
2272:
Windows 7 and later versions have native support for SSDs. The operating system detects the presence of an SSD and optimizes operation accordingly. For SSD devices, Windows 7 disables
4402:
3120:
404:
SSD benchmark, showing about 230 MB/s reading speed (blue), 210 MB/s writing speed (red) and about 0.1 ms seek time (green), all independent from the accessed disk location
4089:
5382:
1280:(NVMe): A modern interface designed specifically for SSDs, NVMe takes full advantage of the parallelism in SSDs, providing significantly lower latency and higher throughput than AHCI.
497:
HDDs have moving parts prone to mechanical wear, but the storage medium (magnetic platters) does not degrade from read/write cycles. Studies have suggested HDDs may last 9–11 years.
6279:
5066:
3506:
6450:
7267:
4558:
3674:
819:
are combining the usage of separate SSD and HDD devices installed in the same computer, with overall performance optimization managed by the computer user, or by the computer's
2591:
2232:
should be disabled on solid-state drives because the location of the file components on an SSD does not significantly impact its performance, but moving the files to make them
6514:
3091:
2751:
5151:
4280:
7353:
4451:
4424:
1546:
Form factors which were more common to memory modules are now being used by SSDs to take advantage of their flexibility in laying out the components. Some of these include
1097:
DRAM-based SSDs are often used for tasks where data must be accessed at high speeds with low latency, such as in high-performance computing or certain server environments.
8348:
7493:
7422:
6364:
2382:
5039:
4371:
1267:
SSDs may support various logical interfaces, which define the command sets used by operating systems to communicate with the SSD. Two common logical interfaces include:
5430:
1499:
1465:(HDD). DOM devices emulate a traditional hard disk drive, resulting in no need for special drivers or other specific operating system support. DOMs are usually used in
6626:
2978:
1641:
6184:
7630:
7445:
5261:
4119:
2057:
partitions are by default performing discard operations when the underlying drive supports TRIM, with the possibility to turn them off. Support for queued TRIM, a
5121:
4856:
4538:
8168:
7058:
6231:
4141:
3185:
1488:
components required to get sufficient capacity to store the data along with the backup power supplies requires a larger space than traditional HDD form factors.
519:
HDDs transfer data at approximately 200 MB/s, depending on the rotational speed and location of data on the disk. Outer tracks allow faster transfer rates.
4947:
4802:
2658:
2284:
Windows 7 also includes support for the TRIM command to reduce garbage collection for data that the operating system has already determined is no longer valid.
1476:
As of 2016, storage capacities range from 4 MB to 128 GB with different variations in physical layouts, including vertical or horizontal orientation.
7675:
7145:
7116:
4777:
1567:
7242:
4469:
459:
SSDs are generally more expensive than HDDs and are expected to remain so. As of early 2018, SSD prices were around $ 0.30 per gigabyte for 4 TB models.
2803:
6718:
3822:
2916:
2613:
2218:
Windows implements TRIM for more than just file-delete operations. The TRIM operation is fully integrated with partition- and volume-level commands such as
6938:
6749:
6151:
6130:
5973:
5404:
4045:
1916:
1259:: An interface primarily used in servers, with speeds ranging from 40 Mbit/s to 2560 Mbit/s. It has mostly been replaced by Serial Attached SCSI. The last
3914:
8456:
1915:
became the first widely available consumer computers using SSDs aside from the MacBook Air. At present, SDD devices are widely used and distributed by a
4621:
3794:
3746:
2948:
6651:
6341:
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5226:
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4227:
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3005:
1976:
8982:
7024:
6857:
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6395:
3537:
4600:
6695:
5494:
5204:
2702:
1228:: Typically used in enterprise systems, Fibre Channel interfaces offer high data transfer speeds, with modern versions supporting up to 128 Gbit/s.
1222:: Another interface used for enterprise-grade SSDs, providing PCIe 3.0 x4 speeds but with a more robust connector suitable for server environments.
436:. The wear-leveling algorithms are complex and difficult to test exhaustively. As a result, one major cause of data loss in SSDs is firmware bugs.
6261:
4992:
3342:
6562:
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370:
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4709:
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3901:
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RADOS objects as block devices) have been modified to actually use this new interface; other drivers will be ported in the following releases.
2149:
removing bottlenecks and allowing much higher levels of I/O parallelization. As of version 4.0 of the Linux kernel, released on 12 April 2015,
7752:
6967:
5356:
5175:
8050:
7468:
6673:
4081:
2542:
1573:
There are also SSDs that are in the form of PCIe cards, these are sometimes called HHHL (Half Height Half Length), or AIC (Add in Card) SSDs.
1523:
1204:: Primarily used in enterprise environments, SAS interfaces are faster and more robust than SATA. SAS 3.0 offers speeds of up to 12.0 Gbit/s.
6913:
5854:
4749:
2061:
feature that results in TRIM commands not disrupting the command queues, was introduced in Linux kernel 3.12, released on November 2, 2013.
2880:
1313:
The size and shape of any device are largely driven by the size and shape of the components used to make that device. Traditional HDDs and
4726:
4643:
2210:
Prior to version 7, Microsoft Windows did not take any specific measures to support solid state drives. From Windows 7, the standard
1838:
SSD prices have also fallen dramatically, with the cost per gigabyte decreasing from around $ 50,000 in 1991 to less than $ 0.05 by 2020.
9062:
7881:
3377:
784:
395:
6460:
6275:
5592:
5062:
3514:
1429:. There are also adapter boards that converts other form factors, especially M.2 drives with PCIe interface, into regular add-in cards.
7263:
6992:
2226:, with file-system commands relating to truncate and compression, and with the System Restore (also known as Volume Snapshot) feature.
2029:
Kernel support for the TRIM operation was introduced in version 2.6.33 of the Linux kernel mainline, released on 24 February 2010. The
1824:
1055:
Single-Level Cell (SLC): Stores 1 bit per cell. SLC provides the highest performance, reliability, and endurance but is more expensive.
5610:
4555:
3670:
299:
SSDs also have internal parallelism that allows them to manage multiple operations simultaneously, which enhances their performance.
6510:
5915:
737:
687:
Drive Writes Per Day (DWPD) – the number of times the full capacity of the drive can be written to per day within its warranty period
4683:
3084:
2744:
2293:
supports the SCSI unmap command, an analog of SATA TRIM, for USB-attached SSDs or SATA-to-USB enclosures. It is also supported over
2281:
on fragmented SSDs. The second reason is to avoid reaching the practical maximum number of file fragments that a volume can handle.
2049:
file systems include support for the discard (TRIM or UNMAP) function. To make use of TRIM, a file system must be mounted using the
1274:(AHCI): Initially designed for HDDs, AHCI is commonly used with SATA SSDs but is less efficient for modern SSDs due to its overhead.
470:
By 2018, SSDs were available in sizes up to 100 TB, though lower-cost models typically ranged from 120 GB to 512 GB.
5144:
4827:
4307:
2583:
1559:
673:
313:
7325:
6604:
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3227:
2340:. A low-latency SSD can be used for the ZFS Intent Log (ZIL), where it is named the SLOG. An SSD may also be used for the level 2
320:. These drives use both flash memory and spinning magnetic disks in order to improve the performance of frequently-accessed data.
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4180:
2665:
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Enterprise flash drives (EFDs) are designed for high-performance applications requiring fast input/output operations per second (
802:
7598:
7497:
7296:
6807:
5283:
8147:
6209:
5031:
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1511:
847:
The primary components of an SSD are the controller and the memory used to store data. Traditionally, early SSDs used volatile
7584:
7410:
7087:
6085:
3324:
1064:
Quad-Level Cell (QLC): Stores 4 bits per cell. QLC is the most affordable option but has the lowest performance and endurance.
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8422:
8373:
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5891:
3725:
3654:
2473:
1123:
5357:"New From SST: SST85LD0128 NANDrive - Single Package Flash Based 128MB Solid State Hard Disk Drive with ATA / IDE Interface"
3279:
3146:
8987:
2726:"Essential roles of exploiting internal parallelism of flash memory based solid state drives in high-speed data processing"
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project. Mass production of these computers, built for children in developing countries, began in December 2007. By 2009,
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1210:(PCIe): A high-speed interface used in high-performance SSDs. PCIe 3.0 x4 supports transfer speeds of up to 31.5 Gbit/s.
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8229:
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7379:
7050:
5820:
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1535:
1271:
541:
HDDs use between 2 and 5 watts for 2.5-inch drives, while high-performance 3.5-inch drives can require up to 20 watts.
335:
allow such SSDs to be used as drop-in replacements for HDDs in computers and other devices. Newer form factors such as
17:
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6235:
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3253:
1640:
The first devices resembling solid-state drives (SSDs) used semiconductor technology, with an early example being the
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4806:
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7137:
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3402:
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Triple-Level Cell (TLC): Stores 3 bits per cell. TLC is less expensive but slower and less durable than SLC and MLC.
9042:
7234:
7210:
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3551:
1835:
Samsung 990 EVO. The hybrid interface runs in either the x4 PCIe 4.0 or x2 PCIe 5.0 modes, a first for an M.2 SSD.
810:
35:
7698:"SOLVED: Does Windows Defrag SSD's & What Is SSD Optimization? – Up & Running Technologies, Tech How To's"
5691:
5646:
5091:
3944:
3767:
2799:
1967:
Revenues for the SSD market worldwide totaled $ 585 million in 2008, rising over 100% from $ 259 million in 2007.
1425:
form factor to house additional memory chips, permit the use of higher power levels, and allow the use of a large
7874:
6934:
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2923:
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1778:
684:
Terabytes Written (TBW) – the total number of terabytes that can be written to a drive within its warranty period
332:
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5980:
5408:
563:
HDDs need cooling in high-temperature environments (above 35 °C (95 °F)) to avoid reliability issues.
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7909:
4234:
2512:
1798:
Top and bottom views of a 2.5-inch 100 GB SATA 3.0 (6 Gbit/s) model of the Intel DC S3700 series
1484:
Many of the DRAM-based solutions use a box that is often designed to fit in a rack-mount system. The number of
900:
206:
115:
6539:
5556:
5530:
4005:
3695:
3199:
3186:"Nimbus Data Launches the World's Largest Solid State Drive – 100 Terabytes – to Power Data-driven Innovation"
1198:: One of the most widely used interfaces in consumer SSDs. SATA 3.0 supports transfer speeds up to 6.0 Gbit/s.
1058:
Multi-Level Cell (MLC): Stores 2 bits per cell. MLC offers a balance between cost, performance, and endurance.
8977:
7177:
4625:
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to each sector, instead of a vectorized list defining a TRIM range as recommended by the TRIM specification.
7645:
6648:
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4885:
2317:
2068:
that goes through all of the unused blocks in a filesystem and dispatches TRIM commands for those areas. The
9052:
8845:
8816:
7959:
7853:
6387:
3357:
3171:
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2862:
2084:
2026:
Since 2010, standard Linux drive utilities have taken care of appropriate partition alignment by default.
2006:
on SSDs, especially in situations where only very small amounts of data are changed, such as when updating
1653:
1485:
549:
SSDs have no moving parts and are silent. Some SSDs may produce a high-pitched noise during block erasure.
174:
8642:
8584:
8378:
8040:
6858:"kernel/git/stable/linux-stable.git: mm/swapfile.c, line 2507 (Linux kernel stable tree, version 3.12.5)"
3032:
2898:
2698:
2507:
Develops and promotes standards, technologies, and educational services in the management of information
2486:
6692:
5200:
4425:"Intel, Micron reveal Xpoint, a new memory architecture that could outclass DDR4 and NAND – ExtremeTech"
1068:
Over time, SSD controllers have improved the efficiency of NAND flash, incorporating techniques such as
9000:
8821:
7867:
6554:
6257:
4984:
4903:
3338:
2494:
Works on storage industry standards needing attention when not addressed by other standards committees
2390:
Coordinates technical standards activity between ANSI in the US and joint ISO/IEC committees worldwide
2341:
2309:
2278:
1991:
1590:
242:
Often interfaced to a system in the same way as HDDs, SSDs are used in a variety of devices, including
7969:
7842:
4492:
8635:
6417:
4741:
3876:
2729:. 2011 IEEE 17th International Symposium on High Performance Computer Architecture. pp. 266–277.
1051:
There are various types of NAND flash memory, categorized by the number of bits stored in each cell:
768:
552:
HDDs generate noise from spinning disks and moving heads, which can vary based on the drive's speed.
516:
Consumer SSDs offer transfer rates between 200 MB/s and 3500 MB/s, depending on the model.
7817:
5794:
5179:
3423:
2244:
will also not materially improve performance and causes additional overhead in the system and SSD.
1106:
latency and higher endurance than NAND-based drives, although they are more expensive per gigabyte.
1094:
devices use components designed for DIMM modules, but only use flash memory, similar to a DRAM SSD.
8952:
8865:
8838:
8809:
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7934:
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3455:
1119:
816:
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6905:
5846:
8895:
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8778:
8751:
8310:
7929:
5883:
5759:
5726:
2532:
2468:
Provides standard software and hardware programming interfaces for nonvolatile memory subsystems
2233:
1620:
1609:
1360:
1326:
1318:
1179:
2240:
routine will cause unnecessary write wear on the limited number of write cycles on the SSD. The
1469:, which are often deployed in harsh environments where mechanical HDDs would simply fail, or in
8368:
5677:
was 20 MB for $ 1000, so 20÷1000=50 so $ 50 per MB, a GB is 1000 MB so 50×1000=50,000
4722:
4639:
3410:
1649:
462:
HDDs, as of early 2018, were priced around $ 0.02 to $ 0.03 per gigabyte for 1 TB models.
365:
8287:
6004:
4470:"Intel, Micron debut 3D XPoint storage technology that's 1,000 times faster than current SSDs"
3644:
3381:
1284:
813:
in the cache of these drives when the system hibernates, making the subsequent resume faster.
312:
Some SSDs are combined with traditional hard drives in hybrid configurations, such as Intel's
8785:
8100:(bankrupt, assets sold to Toshiba, which later spun off its SSD and flash business to Kioxia)
2166:
2145:
1400:
1069:
904:
720:
Flash-based solid-state drives can be used to create network appliances from general-purpose
697:
409:
7372:"Recovering Evidence from SSD Drives: Understanding TRIM, Garbage Collection and Exclusions"
6988:
6311:
3570:
755:
from a write-locked SD card is reliable, persistent and impervious to permanent corruption.
741:
8773:
8264:
5879:
Intellectual Property Rights, Development, and Catch Up: An International Comparative Study
3775:
3487:
1881:
1551:
1201:
860:
328:
31:
6185:"Samsung's Hybrid 990 EVO SSD announced — world's first hybrid PCIe 4.0 x4 and 5.0 x2 SSD"
5908:
2169:(UBI) driver (which implements erase block management layer for flash memory devices) and
560:
SSDs generally tolerate higher operating temperatures and do not require special cooling.
8:
8647:
8116:
8010:
7989:
7974:
6210:"EMC has changed enterprise disk storage for ever:First into the enterprise flash breech"
5311:
4675:
2003:
1147:
1134:
Many flash-based SSDs include a small amount of volatile DRAM as a cache, similar to the
951:
198:
7964:
7264:"Mac OS X Lion has TRIM support for SSDs, HiDPI resolutions for improved pixel density?"
7109:"Linux kernel 3.13, Section 1.1 A scalable block layer for high-performance SSD storage"
6740:"Changes between v2.17 and v2.17.1-rc1, commit 1a2416c6ed10fcbfb48283cae7e68ee7c7f1c43d"
4835:
4311:
2481:
Provides the industry with guidance and support for implementing the SATA specification
2117:
For performance reasons, it is recommended to switch the I/O scheduler from the default
2064:
An alternative to the kernel-level TRIM operation is to use a user-space utility called
1946:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
9014:
8163:
8121:
7949:
7317:
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5952:
3362:
2241:
2126:
2104:
1990:
or other flash memory characteristics, as they are handled internally by the SSD. Some
1601:
directly onto a system motherboard to reduce adverse effects from vibration and shock.
1594:
1461:
interface, intended to be plugged directly into the motherboard and used as a computer
1330:
1314:
1234:: Some external SSDs use the Universal Serial Bus interface, with modern versions like
706:
530:
HDD random access times range from 2.9 ms (high-end) to 12 ms (laptop HDDs).
413:
247:
202:
7823:
Cheng Li, Philip Shilane, Fred Douglis, Hyong Shim, Stephen Smaldone, Grant Wallace, "
6431:
4258:
4195:
4172:
1411:
the card space, while minimizing the footprint. The M.2 standard allows both SATA and
9026:
8659:
8557:
8469:
8111:
8005:
7914:
7780:
7288:
7197:
6799:
5887:
5696:
5561:
4395:"Next-gen storage that makes SSD look slow Using RAM drives for ultimate performance"
3721:
3650:
3204:
2825:
2557:
2294:
2042:
1919:, with a small number of companies manufacturing the NAND flash devices within them.
983:
885:
783:) for a conventional, magnetic hard disk drive. A similar technology is available on
776:
721:
701:
303:
243:
4517:
2190:. The status of TRIM can be checked in the System Information application or in the
1300:
232:
offer faster speeds and higher endurance through different data storage mechanisms.
8630:
8521:
7979:
7954:
7924:
7599:"Deactivating Windows 7 Defragmentation for Solid-state Drives – Thomas-Krenn-Wiki"
7576:
7079:
2781:
2353:
1629:
979:
918:
895:
820:
798:
749:
725:
656:
306:
7549:
5974:"Fusion-io announces ioDrive, placing the power of a SAN in the palm of your hand"
4281:"Samsung Introduces World's First 3D V-NAND Based SSD for Enterprise Applications"
2007:
855:
memory, which retains data even when powered off. Flash memory SSDs store data in
617:
The endurance of an SSD is typically listed on its datasheet in one of two forms:
8790:
8768:
8731:
8679:
8499:
8494:
8486:
8363:
8065:
8030:
7774:
7406:
6722:
6699:
6677:
6655:
6633:
6608:
6511:"Lenovo slips out the new ThinkPad X301: new CPUs, 128GB SSD, still thin as hell"
5877:
5431:"Compact, shock- and error-tolerant SSDs offer auto infotainment storage options"
4562:
4542:
4032:
3142:
2547:
2229:
2174:
2093:
1876:
flash memory hard drive. Another of the first mainstream releases of SSD was the
1625:
1582:
1466:
1462:
1393:
1370:
745:
352:
282:
236:
48:
6169:
5611:"Samsung's 25GB / 50GB Enterprise SSDs can't stop, won't stop under heavy loads"
5006:
8855:
8756:
8526:
8509:
8305:
8193:
5460:
4025:
3299:
3054:
2724:
2460:
2237:
2170:
2122:
2097:
1172:
805:
commands, allowing the operating system to manage it. For example, Microsoft's
652:
SSD (2018) with 1 TB of capacity has an endurance rating of 600 TBW.
594:
538:
High-performance SSDs use about half to a third of the power required by HDDs.
7006:
6484:
5781:
3855:
2843:
2775:
1365:
size increases along with drive capacity, leaving the rest of the drive empty.
1244:(PATA): An older interface used in early SSDs, with speeds up to 1064 Mbit/s.
1178:
Some consumer SSDs have built-in capacitors to save critical data such as the
677:(JEDEC) has established standards for SSD reliability metrics, which include:
9036:
8957:
8947:
8927:
8743:
8669:
8622:
8567:
8562:
8514:
8398:
8235:
7984:
4918:
2427:
2414:
2329:
2312:
as of version 10 Update 6 (released in October 2008), and recent versions of
2256:
2252:
2158:
1987:
1805:
1225:
947:
927:
433:
278:
251:
8434:
7371:
6960:"openSUSE mailing list: SSD detection when creating first time fstab ?"
5876:
Odagiri, Hiroyuki; Goto, Akira; Sunami, Atsushi; Nelson, Richard R. (2010).
4333:
2949:"Three-year, 27,000 drive study reveals the most reliable hard drive makers"
2785:
1304:
An SSD with 1.2 TB of MLC NAND, using PCI Express as the host interface
580:
8833:
8721:
8704:
8699:
8477:
8403:
8253:
7919:
6123:"Samsung's massive 15TB SSD can be yours – for about $ 10K – Computerworld"
5326:
3799:
2442:
Develops open standards and publications for the microelectronics industry
1454:
1322:
1241:
1115:
922:
836:
714:
610:
598:
317:
64:
7848:
7723:
7200:"Linux Block IO: Introducing Multi-queue SSD Access on Multi-core Systems"
6828:
1815:
In the 1990s, new manufacturers of flash memory drives emerged, including
8932:
8900:
8803:
8763:
8726:
8694:
8536:
8302:
8247:
8241:
5227:"PCI Express SSD from Fusion-io ioXtreme Is Aimed at the Consumer Market"
2313:
2162:
2089:
1982:
1908:
1547:
1470:
1422:
1419:
1412:
1341:
1277:
1207:
1135:
710:
589:
575:
378:
374:
360:
348:
8142:'s NAND flash SSD business including controllers and renamed it Solidigm
7856:(USENIX 2013, by Mai Zheng, Joseph Tucek, Feng Qin and Mark Lillibridge)
7199:
6770:
3671:"Intel Z68 Chipset & Smart Response Technology (SSD Caching) Review"
2780:. International Conference on Supercomputing (ICS '11). pp. 22–23.
2778:"Hystor | Proceedings of the international conference on Supercomputing"
2352:
ZFS for FreeBSD introduced support for TRIM on September 23, 2012. The
1555:
8664:
8594:
8589:
8579:
8258:
8188:
7904:
7029:
6744:
6152:"Samsung 15.36TB MZ-ILS15T0 PM1633a 15TB Enterprise Class SAS 2.5" SSD"
6040:
5087:
3940:
3779:
3593:"Tech Brief – Matching SSD Endurance to Common Enterprise Applications"
3488:"Poorly ventilated system cases can shorten the life of the hard drive"
2722:
2620:
2273:
2260:
2107:
usually do not configure the installed system to use TRIM and thus the
1897:
1816:
1808:
at Toshiba. Flash-based SSDs were patented in 1989 by the founders of
1338:
1195:
1122:(SSHDs) use a hybrid of spinning disks and flash memory. Some SSDs use
1091:
988:
890:
879:
852:
806:
780:
400:
292:
225:
54:
4776:(Press release). Serial ATA International Organization. May 27, 2009.
2745:"SSD vs HDD Price and Performance Study, a Dell technical white paper"
1804:
Flash memory, a key component in modern SSDs, was invented in 1980 by
162:
8942:
8937:
8921:
8850:
8689:
8541:
8504:
8126:
8075:
7859:
7626:
7418:
6882:
5490:"Mushkin Enhanced Source HC 16 TB SSD Begins Showing Up at Retailers"
5258:"LSI delivers Flash-based PCIe card with 6 Gbit/s SAS interface"
5230:
4745:
3325:"Samsung SSD 960 Pro Has 3,500 MB/s Read and 2,100 MB/s Write Speeds"
2562:
2141:
1912:
1911:
line began using solid state drives as the default. In 2011, Intel's
1877:
1820:
1563:
1426:
1396:, a few compact form factors were standardized for flash-based SSDs.
1392:
For applications where space is at a premium, like for ultrabooks or
1175:
to ensure all data can be safely written during a sudden power loss.
1044:
992:
508:
HDDs require several seconds to spin up before data can be accessed.
417:
287:
229:
7198:
Matias Bjørling; Jens Axboe; David Nellans; Philippe Bonnet (2013).
6535:
6036:"Micron Announces World's First Native 6Gbps SATA Solid State Drive"
3228:"IBM ESS Alert: Potential for SSD data loss after extended shutdown"
2584:"Solid-State Disk Prices Falling, Still More Costly than Hard Disks"
1861:
1473:
because of small size, low power consumption, and silent operation.
505:
SSDs are nearly instantaneous, with no mechanical parts to prepare.
9009:
8880:
8531:
8466:
8133:
8103:
8015:
7944:
7167:
7054:
6671:
39 Million SSDs Shipped WW in 2012, Up 129% From 2011 – IHS iSuppli
6627:
Solid State Drives to Score Big This Year with Huge Shipment Growth
6294:"Micron's X100 SSD is its first 3D XPoint product | TechRadar"
5032:"Apple Is Now Using SanDisk SSDs in the Retina MacBook Pro As Well"
3997:
3967:
3941:"OCZ's Vertex 2 Pro Preview: The Fastest MLC SSD We've Ever Tested"
2881:"EDSFF Based Intel Data Center SSDs (Formerly "Ruler" Form Factor)"
2058:
1645:
1598:
908:
828:
9021:
7138:"Linux kernel 3.18, Section 1.8. Optional multiqueue SCSI support"
6883:"LKML: Tejun Heo: [GIT PULL] libata changes for v3.12-rc1"
6716:
Samsung leads in 2008 SSD market with over 30% share, says Gartner
2132:
A scalable block layer for high-performance SSD storage, known as
8714:
8652:
8606:
8173:
8070:
7619:"The real and complete story – Does Windows defragment your SSD?"
7172:
6024:
One terabyte (1 TB) is equal to one trillion bytes (1000 B).
4948:"Solid State Storage 101: An introduction to Solid State Storage"
4001:
3971:
3117:"Intel confirms data corruption bug in new SSDs, halts shipments"
2659:"Solid State Storage 101: An introduction to Solid State Storage"
2333:
2321:
1889:
1809:
1586:
1437:
1235:
752:
733:
257:
SSDs come in various form factors and interface types, including
178:
74:
5938:
One gigabyte (1 GB) is equal to one billion bytes (1000 B).
5909:"Solid-state drives meet military storage security requirements"
3538:
Flash Reliability in Production: The Expected and the Unexpected
1505:
Viking Technology SATA Cube and AMP SATA Bridge multi-layer SSDs
8828:
8601:
8183:
8092:
8034:
6455:
3716:
Russinovich, Mark E.; Solomon, David A.; Ionescu, Alex (2009).
2150:
2054:
2014:
2013:
If an operating system does not support using TRIM on discrete
1901:
1086:
875:
Some of the primary functions performed by the controller are:
856:
824:
660:
30:"SSD" and "Electronic disk" redirect here. For other uses, see
4556:"Everspin first to ship ST-MRAM, claims 500x faster than SSDs"
1635:
381:(PCIe) can further increase performance over HDD performance.
281:
cells, with its properties varying according to the number of
8353:
8332:
8315:
8292:
8139:
8021:
5731:
4448:"Intel Announces Optane Storage Brand For 3D XPoint Products"
3172:"HDD vs SSD: What Does the Future for Storage Hold? – Part 2"
2447:
2434:
2325:
2109:
2034:
1999:
1383:
1345:
832:
663:) being able to erase and modify the bits of a deleted file.
356:
336:
167:
5557:"Crucial T705 2TB SSD Review: The Fastest SSD on The Planet"
851:
for storage, but since 2009, most SSDs utilize non-volatile
713:. On supercomputers, this layer is typically referred to as
8905:
8799:
8393:
8085:
8080:
7939:
6357:"Dell adds 256GB SSD option to XPS M1330 and M1730 laptops"
5593:"Seagate's first Pulsar SSDs ready to blast the enterprise"
5145:"SSD Moving into the Mainstream as PCs Go 100% Solid State"
4590:
4588:
3438:"Toshiba Announces 1.8-inch HDD for Tablets, Media Devices"
2792:
2552:
2401:
2211:
2154:
2073:
2046:
2030:
1995:
1893:
1885:
1847:
1605:
1458:
1352:
form factors also gained popularity, primarily in laptops.
1260:
1256:
1249:
1245:
848:
788:
772:
324:
266:
262:
258:
182:
7811:"Solid-state revolution: in-depth on how SSDs really work"
7550:"Solid State Doctor – Solid State Drive Utility for SSD's"
7007:"Patrick Nagel: Impact of ext4's discard option on my SSD"
6086:"Seagate boasts of the fastest SSD flash drive at 10 GB/s"
5284:"SSD Form Factors Proliferate at Flash Memory Summit 2018"
3795:"Solid-state revolution: in-depth on how SSDs really work"
3696:"SSD Caching (Without Z68): HighPoint's RocketHybrid 1220"
1977:
File systems optimized for flash memory, solid state media
1418:
Some high performance, high capacity drives uses standard
1329:
inside. Since an SSD is made up of various interconnected
1252:
due to higher data transfer rates and greater reliability.
8885:
8709:
8327:
8322:
8297:
8270:
8097:
7825:
Nitro: A Capacity-Optimized SSD Cache for Primary Storage
7289:"Yosemite 10.10.4 and El Capitan Third-Party SSD Support"
7051:"Linux I/O Scheduler Comparison On The Linux 3.4 Desktop"
5381:. Computer Technology Review. 26 Oct 2006. Archived from
3715:
3474:
A Large-Scale Study of Flash Memory Failures in the Field
2337:
2118:
2038:
1407:
1387:
1349:
1293:
1289:
1231:
1219:
1213:
764:
527:
SSD random access times are typically below 0.1 ms.
412:
tend to focus on the performance characteristics such as
344:
340:
4650:
4585:
3646:
The Essentials of Computer Organization and Architecture
3254:"SSD reliability in the real world: Google's experience"
2979:"Validating the Reliability of Intel Solid-State Drives"
2800:"WD shows off its first hybrid drive, the WD Black SSHD"
2455:
Focuses on solid-state drive standards and publications
1644:. This device was a plug-compatible replacement for the
763:
In 2011, Intel introduced a caching mechanism for their
7494:"Samsung, Microsoft in talks to speed up SSDs on Vista"
7369:
5875:
4308:"Flash SSDs – Inferior Technology or Closet Superstar?"
3709:
3456:"How do SSD's function & do they hold up to HDD's?"
2776:
Feng Chen, David A. Koufaty and Xiaodong Zhang (2011).
2614:"SSD Power Savings Render Significant Reduction to TCO"
1581:
In the early 2000s, a few companies introduced SSDs in
7854:
Understanding the Robustness of SSDs under Power Fault
7818:
Understanding the Robustness of SSDs under Power Fault
7816:
Mai Zheng, Joseph Tucek, Feng Qin, Mark Lillibridge, "
6105:"Seagate Introduces 10 GB/s PCIe SSD And 60TB SAS SSD"
2863:"Toshiba Unveils XFMEXPRESS Form Factor for NVMe SSDs"
2520:
Fosters the growth and success of solid state storage
8998:
6725:, 10 June 2009, Josephine Lien, Taipei; Jessie Shen,
6649:
SSDs sales rise, prices drop below $ 1 per GB in 2012
5379:"SST announces small ATA solid-state storage devices"
4228:"Over-provisioning: a winning strategy or a retreat?"
2255:
generally expects hard disk drives rather than SSDs.
384:
5531:"Samsung 32GB Solid State Drive | bit-tech.net"
4805:. SCSI Trade Association. 2015-10-14. Archived from
4698:
4493:"Seagate Upgrades Hybrids, Phases Out 7,200RPM HDDs"
7843:
Linux & NVM: File and Storage System Challenges
7708:
7668:"6 Things You Shouldn't Do with Solid-State Drives"
7646:"Windows 7 and Optimization for Solid State Drives"
7347:"ATA Trim/Delete Notification Support in Windows 7"
6935:"Enabling and Testing SSD TRIM Support Under Linux"
6276:"PX02SSB080 / PX02SSF040 / PX02SSF020 / PX02SSF010"
4985:"Huawei Tecal ES3000 PCIe Enterprise SSD Internals"
3720:(5th ed.). Microsoft Press. pp. 772–774.
3649:. Jones & Bartlett Learning. pp. 499–500.
3280:"Study: Hard Drive MTBF Ratings Highly Exaggerated"
2079:
1529:
MO-297 SATA drive-on-a-module (DOM) SSD form factor
859:(MOS) integrated circuit chips, using non-volatile
8024:'s NAND flash SSD business and renamed it Solidigm
7776:UNIX and Linux System Administration Handbook, 4/e
7722:. Sun Microsystem blog. 2008-07-12. Archived from
6850:
6479:
6477:
6432:"Toshiba announces world's first 512GB SSD laptop"
4771:"SATA-IO Releases SATA Revision 3.0 Specification"
4439:
4233:. StorageStrategies Now. p. 2. Archived from
3507:"The Differences Between an SSD and a Memory Card"
2344:(L2ARC), which is used to cache data for reading.
2092:as the logical device interface, in the form of a
659:and the ATA Secure Erase) and programs like (e.g.
7486:
7469:"If your SSD sucks, blame Vista, says SSD vendor"
5813:
4073:
3501:
3499:
3497:
1862:Drives using other persistent memory technologies
1344:(starting with the fall 2010 model). As of 2014,
473:HDDs of up to 30 TB were available by 2023.
9034:
7520:"SSD Storage Demands Proper Partition Alignment"
6388:"Dell first: 256GB solid-state drive on laptops"
6310:
6255:
4857:"SuperSpeed USB 10 Gbps – Ready for Development"
4739:
4142:"Methodologies for Calculating SSD Useable Life"
3740:
3552:"The SSD Endurance Experiment: They're All Dead"
3476:. ACM SIGMETRICS International Conference. 2015.
3166:
3164:
2723:Feng Chen, Rubao Lee and Xiaodong Zhang (2011).
2359:
1441:A 2 GB disk-on-a-module with PATA interface
1432:
7165:
6903:
6622:
6620:
6508:
6474:
6229:
6027:
3995:
3612:
3143:"More hard drive firmware bugs cause data loss"
2997:
2197:Versions since OS X 10.10.4 (Yosemite) include
1576:
1399:There is the mSATA form factor, which uses the
6418:"Toshiba Ships First Laptop With a 512 GB SSD"
5298:"ASUS ROG RAIDR Express 240GB PCIe SSD Review"
4568:
4082:"Solid-state disk lackluster for laptops, PCs"
3890:
3643:Null, Linda; Lobur, Julia (14 February 2014).
3494:
2336:all can use SSDs as a performance booster for
1292:(2242) solid-state-drive (SSD) connected into
823:software. Examples of this type of system are
8983:History of computing hardware (1960s–present)
8464:
8450:
7875:
7813:. Lee Hutchinson. Ars Technica. June 4, 2012.
6792:
6686:
6585:"NAND Flash manufacturers' market share 2018"
6338:"Dell Gets Flash With SSD Option for Laptops"
6182:
5821:"1991: Solid State Drive module demonstrated"
5755:"1971: Reusable semiconductor ROM introduced"
5090:. The Serial ATA International Organization.
4622:"Intel SSD, now off the sh..err, shamed list"
4193:
4139:
3965:
3814:
3636:
3161:
2940:
2543:List of flash memory controller manufacturers
2157:layer (which is used by Serial ATA drivers),
1377:
1161:
809:technology explicitly stores portions of the
7411:"Support and Q&A for Solid-State Drives"
6617:
6555:"MacBook Air vs. the ultrabook alternatives"
5142:
4828:"PCI Express 3.0 Frequently Asked Questions"
4417:
4259:"Are MLC SSDs Ever Safe in Enterprise Apps?"
4173:"Are MLC SSDs Ever Safe in Enterprise Apps?"
4112:"SSD laptop drives 'slower than hard disks'"
3915:"Flash SSD with 250 MB/s writing speed"
3820:
3540:– Schroeder, Lagisetty & Merchant, 2016.
3533:
3531:
3403:"An SSD crash course: What you need to know"
3370:
3200:"Seagate Ships First 30TB+ HAMR Hard Drives"
2738:
2736:
1585:(BGA) form factors, such as M-Systems' (now
1355:
842:
224:SSDs rely on non-volatile memory, typically
27:Computer storage device with no moving parts
7838:JEDEC Continues SSD Standardization Efforts
7716:"ZFS L2ARC and SSD drives by Brendan Gregg"
6821:
6068:"Seagate's new 60TB SSD is world's largest"
4490:
4225:
3620:"Product: Samsung 970 EVO NVMe M.2 SSD 1TB"
2742:
1636:Early SSDs using RAM and similar technology
1238:Gen 2 supporting speeds of up to 10 Gbit/s.
396:Hard disk drive performance characteristics
8457:
8443:
7882:
7868:
6329:
5550:
5548:
5546:
5544:
5525:
5523:
5521:
5515:100,000,000,000,000 divided by 20,000,000.
5114:"SSD prices face uncertain future in 2014"
5060:
4219:
3968:"Optimizing Linux with cheap flash drives"
3792:
3466:
2844:"All-Flash NVMe Servers | Supermicro"
2696:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2647:
2645:
1841:
1615:
1491:
7616:
6737:
5795:"History of the SanDisk brand. 1991 News"
5685:
5683:
5483:
5481:
4940:
4594:
4462:
4299:
3760:
3642:
3528:
3033:"How SSD power faults scramble your data"
2733:
1604:Such embedded drives often adhere to the
1453:) is a flash drive with either 40/44-pin
748:environment or other writable medium, an
7405:
6258:"The Intel SSD DC S3700 (200GB) Review?"
6005:"OCZ's New Blazing Fast 1TB Z SSD Drive"
5869:
5847:"There's a lot of sizzle with this STEC"
5647:"WD Black SN850 1TB NVMe M.2 SSD Review"
5255:
4795:
4251:
4187:
3743:"Advanced Hard Drive Caching Techniques"
3246:
2287:
2083:
1904:had began producing laptops with SDDs.
1619:
1436:
1359:
1299:
1283:
767:chipset (and mobile derivatives) called
674:JEDEC Solid State Technology Association
579:
399:
173:
161:
8214:List of solid-state drive manufacturers
7466:
6335:
6234:. The Storage Anarchist. Archived from
6065:
5979:. Fusion-io. 2007-09-25. Archived from
5906:
5554:
5541:
5518:
5111:
4982:
4916:
4742:"The Intel SSD DC S3700 (200GB) Review"
4708:was invoked but never defined (see the
4660:was invoked but never defined (see the
4578:was invoked but never defined (see the
4196:"SSD flash drives enter the enterprise"
4165:
4133:
4079:
3900:was invoked but never defined (see the
3355:
3114:
2750:. Dell PowerVault Technical Marketing.
2692:
2690:
2642:
2538:List of solid-state drive manufacturers
2214:provides support for the TRIM command.
604:
14:
9035:
7889:
7772:
7766:
7737:
7660:
7637:
7633:from the original on 22 December 2014.
7612:
7610:
7608:
7568:
7542:
7517:
7511:
7460:
7435:
7429:
7401:
7399:
7397:
7363:
7339:
7310:
7281:
7256:
7227:
7191:
7159:
7130:
7101:
7072:
7043:
7017:
6999:
6981:
6952:
6927:
6897:
6874:
6763:
6731:
6709:
6664:
6642:
6595:
6577:
6565:from the original on 24 September 2015
6546:
6528:
6502:
6442:
6424:
6410:
6379:
6367:from the original on 24 September 2015
6354:
6348:
6312:"文庫本サイズのVAIO「type U」 フラッシュメモリー搭載モデル発売"
6304:
6286:
6268:
6249:
6223:
6201:
6144:
6115:
6096:
6078:
6059:
6033:
6018:
5997:
5966:
5941:
5932:
5900:
5838:
5787:
5774:
5747:
5719:
5710:
5689:
5680:
5671:
5662:
5653:
5639:
5630:
5621:
5603:
5585:
5576:
5509:
5478:
5453:
5422:
5397:
5371:
5349:
5318:
5249:
5218:
5193:
5168:
5136:
5105:
5080:
5054:
5023:
4910:
4892:
4874:
4849:
4763:
4733:
4715:
4667:
4632:
4614:
4386:
4364:"Hybrid DIMMs And The Quest For Speed"
4325:
4273:
4147:. Storage Developer Conference, 2009.
4035:SSD Festplatten. Retrieved 2013-04-10.
3989:
3959:
3939:Shimpi, Anand Lal (31 December 2009).
3938:
3932:
3907:
3877:"Sandforce SF-2500/2600 Product Brief"
3869:
3839:
3786:
3585:
3549:
3543:
3292:
3030:
3003:
2899:"Intel's first 'ruler' SSD holds 32TB"
2826:"NF1 SSD | Samsung Semiconductor"
1970:
666:
8438:
8029:Flash Forward (joint venture between
7863:
7587:from the original on 1 February 2009.
7574:
7382:from the original on January 22, 2015
6906:"Ubuntu Aims To TRIM SSDs By Default"
6880:
6702:, May 8, 2013, Nermin Hajdarbegovic,
6658:, January 10, 2012, Pedro Hernandez,
6398:from the original on 2 September 2015
6066:Anthony, Sebastian (11 August 2016).
5857:from the original on 11 November 2013
5428:
5063:"SSD: Dump the hard disk form factor"
5042:from the original on 29 November 2014
5007:"2.5 inch Hard Drive - Geekworm Wiki"
4976:
4820:
4803:"Serial Attached SCSI Master Roadmap"
4686:from the original on 22 November 2014
4548:
4528:
4510:
4484:
4454:from the original on 19 August 2015.
4445:
4392:
4374:from the original on 20 December 2014
4356:
4103:
4046:"The Top 20 Things to Know About SSD"
4038:
4019:
3734:
3688:
3663:
3571:"Backblaze Hard Drive Stats for 2018"
3568:
3562:
3480:
3448:
3430:
3395:
3349:
3331:
3317:
3272:
3178:
3135:
3108:
3077:
3047:
3024:
2971:
2909:
2891:
2873:
2854:
2836:
2769:
2581:
1296:3.0 adapter and connected to computer
1124:magnetoresistive random-access memory
440:Comparison of NAND-based SSD and HDD
8988:List of pioneers in computer science
7617:Hanselman, Scott (3 December 2014).
7235:"Linux kernel 4.0, Section 3. Block"
6611:, January 20th, 2010, Brian Beeler,
6448:
6385:
5692:"Best SSD and Hard Drive Deals 2024"
5555:Downing, Shane (February 20, 2024).
5264:from the original on 6 November 2010
5124:from the original on 2 December 2014
5029:
4597:"SandForce SSDs break TPC-C records"
4536:"Buffalo Shows SSDs with MRAM Cache"
4405:from the original on 4 December 2014
3845:
3823:"The Solid State Storage Revolution"
3358:"Computing Without a Whirring Drive"
3123:from the original on 25 January 2013
3055:"SSD vs HDD – Why Solid State Drive"
2985:from the original on 18 January 2012
2946:
2818:
2699:"The Truth About SSD Data Retention"
2687:
2594:from the original on 2 December 2012
2575:
2205:
1926:
1517:Viking Technology SATADIMM based SSD
1415:SSDs to be fitted onto M.2 modules.
681:Unrecoverable Bit Error Ratio (UBER)
373:and higher speed interfaces such as
7643:
7605:
7394:
6449:Chen, Shu-Ching Jean (2007-06-07).
5727:"1987: Toshiba Launches NAND Flash"
5487:
5324:
5225:Pop, Sebastian (17 November 2009).
5224:
5178:. Viking Technology. Archived from
4703:
4673:
4655:
4573:
4344:from the original on 22 August 2010
4331:
4109:
3895:
3378:"Hard Drive Data Recovery Glossary"
2860:
2606:
1663:
1652:for storage and later switching to
1624:Historical lowest retail prices of
1479:
1129:
758:
700:environment, SSDs can be used as a
389:
24:
9063:Solid-state computer storage media
8230:Advanced Host Controller Interface
7804:
7678:from the original on 13 March 2016
7438:"SSD performance tweaks for Vista"
7370:Yuri Gubanov; Oleg Afonin (2014).
6207:
6102:
5844:
4859:. Rock Hill Herald. Archived from
3145:. Defcon-5.com. 5 September 2009.
2806:from the original on 29 March 2013
1272:Advanced Host Controller Interface
1263:-based SSD was introduced in 2004.
779:(configurable as write-through or
385:Comparison with other technologies
25:
9074:
7831:
7575:Flynn, David (10 November 2008).
7448:from the original on 27 July 2010
7425:from the original on 20 May 2012.
7080:"SSD benchmark of I/O schedulers"
6552:
6451:"$ 199 Laptop Is No Child's Play"
5488:Mui, Tsing (September 19, 2021).
5237:from the original on 16 July 2011
4783:from the original on 11 June 2009
4676:"Surviving SSD sudden power loss"
4595:Demerjian, Charlie (2010-05-03).
3004:Prieur, Marc (16 November 2012).
2318:Solaris Express Community Edition
1753:Read:11-to-one, Write: 38-to-one
1317:are designed around the rotating
1308:
1185:
9020:
9008:
8417:
8416:
7745:"[base] Revision 240868"
7690:
7591:
7013:from the original on 2013-04-29.
6995:from the original on 2012-11-14.
6893:from the original on 2016-01-17.
6542:from the original on 2011-12-22.
6438:from the original on 2011-03-29.
6355:Miller, Paul (18 January 2009).
6344:from the original on 2008-09-17.
6282:from the original on 2016-02-15.
6264:from the original on 2014-10-25.
6232:"1.040: efd – what's in a name?"
6176:
6162:
5951:. BiTMICRO. 1999. Archived from
5441:from the original on 17 May 2012
5337:from the original on 27 May 2011
5304:
5290:
5276:
5256:Pariseau, Beth (16 March 2010).
4995:from the original on 2015-06-19.
4919:"The (parallel) SCSI SSD market"
4729:from the original on 2013-04-20.
4704:Cite error: The named reference
4656:Cite error: The named reference
4646:from the original on 2013-04-20.
4574:Cite error: The named reference
4524:from the original on 2013-06-06.
4480:from the original on 2015-07-29.
4435:from the original on 2015-08-20.
4393:Lloyd, Chris (28 January 2010).
4305:
4269:from the original on 2008-09-19.
4194:Lucchesi, Ray (September 2008).
4183:from the original on 2008-09-19.
3947:from the original on 12 May 2013
3896:Cite error: The named reference
3569:Klein, Andy (January 19, 2019).
3345:from the original on 2000-08-17.
3149:from the original on 18 May 2014
3115:Mearian, Lucas (3 August 2009).
3065:from the original on 10 May 2013
3043:from the original on 2013-03-04.
2959:from the original on 15 May 2014
2757:from the original on 12 May 2012
2743:Kasavajhala, Vamsee (May 2011).
2503:
2490:
2477:
2464:
2438:
2386:
2356:also supports the TRIM command.
2247:
2080:Linux performance considerations
1931:
1788:
1777:
1534:
1522:
1510:
1498:
1079:
941:
938:both performance and endurance.
584:CompactFlash card used as an SSD
47:
36:Electronic disk (disambiguation)
7755:from the original on 2013-01-20
7556:from the original on 2016-03-03
7328:from the original on 2011-09-27
7299:from the original on 2015-09-26
7270:from the original on 2011-06-29
7245:from the original on 2015-05-04
7216:from the original on 2014-02-02
7180:from the original on 2014-01-25
7148:from the original on 2014-12-18
7119:from the original on 2014-01-25
7090:from the original on 2013-10-05
7061:from the original on 2013-10-04
6970:from the original on 2011-06-17
6941:from the original on 2012-05-07
6916:from the original on 2014-08-09
6839:from the original on 2013-07-05
6810:from the original on 2013-07-14
6800:"swapon(8) – Linux manual page"
6781:from the original on 2012-06-16
6752:from the original on 2013-05-25
6517:from the original on 2013-12-12
6491:from the original on 2009-10-01
6256:Anand Lal Shimpi (2012-11-09).
5921:from the original on 2011-07-14
5907:Drossel, Gary (February 2007).
5207:from the original on 2011-07-07
5157:from the original on 2011-07-16
5094:from the original on 2013-10-03
5069:from the original on 2010-02-09
4999:
4929:from the original on 2011-05-27
4752:from the original on 2014-09-23
4740:Anand Lal Shimpi (2012-11-09).
4603:from the original on 2010-11-27
4499:from the original on 2013-12-16
4208:from the original on 2015-12-10
4154:from the original on 2015-12-08
4122:from the original on 2011-06-29
4092:from the original on 2016-10-23
4062:from the original on 2016-05-27
4008:from the original on 2013-10-04
3978:from the original on 2013-10-07
3793:Hutchinson, Lee (4 June 2012).
3749:from the original on 2013-12-02
3741:Petros Koutoupis (2013-11-25).
3677:from the original on 2012-05-05
3550:Gasior, Geoff (12 March 2015).
3220:
3192:
3097:from the original on 2012-05-12
2705:from the original on 2017-03-18
2144:engineers, was merged into the
1870:
1369:The benefit of using a current
1146:Additionally, some SSDs use an
965:
691:
569:
102:20 MB (2.5-in form factor)
7266:. Engadget. 27 February 2011.
7166:Jonathan Corbet (2013-06-05).
6904:Michael Larabel (2013-11-19).
6509:Joshua Topolsky (2008-08-15).
6230:Burke, Barry A. (2009-02-18).
5690:Bendle, Stewart (2024-06-20).
5312:"SSD Form Factors | SNIA"
5150:. Samsung Semiconductor, Inc.
4957:. January 2009. Archived from
4902:. Super Talent. Archived from
4446:Smith, Ryan (18 August 2015).
3996:Jonathan Corbet (2007-05-15).
3846:Rent, Thomas M. (2010-04-09).
3006:"Components returns rates (7)"
2917:"Benchmarking Enterprise SSDs"
2716:
2668:. January 2009. Archived from
1750:0.045 ms read, 0.013 ms write
901:Error detection and correction
513:Sequential-access performance
116:Storage Technology Corporation
13:
1:
8978:History of computing hardware
7577:"Windows 7 gets SSD-friendly"
7518:Sexton, Koka (29 June 2010).
7436:Butler, Harry (27 Aug 2009).
6636:, April 2, 2012, Fang Zhang,
6420:. Tom's Hardware. 2009-04-14.
6336:Aughton, Simon (2007-04-25).
5949:"BiTMICRO 1999 News Releases"
5914:. Military Embedded Systems.
5429:Chung, Yuping (19 Nov 2008).
4723:"Crucial's M500 SSD reviewed"
4640:"Crucial's M500 SSD reviewed"
4080:Mearian, Lucas (2008-08-27).
3768:"What is a Solid State Disk?"
3339:"The PC Guide: Spindle Speed"
2947:Paul, Ian (14 January 2014).
2568:
2360:Standardization organizations
2121:(Completely Fair Queuing) to
1593:'s NANDrive (now produced by
1566:. At least one manufacturer,
1433:Disk-on-a-module form factors
1248:has largely been replaced by
866:
478:Reliability – data retention
323:Traditional interfaces (e.g.
272:
9058:Solid-state computer storage
8846:Network interface controller
7168:"The multiqueue block layer"
6989:"SSD discard (trim) support"
6485:"Macbook Air Specifications"
6183:Shane Downing (2024-01-23).
6007:. Tom's Hardware. 2009-03-04
5359:. Memec Newsletter. Dec 2006
5112:Hachman, Mark (2014-01-17).
4917:Kerekes, Zsolt (July 2010).
4624:. 2011-04-09. Archived from
4140:Drossel, Gary (2009-09-14).
3966:Arnd Bergmann (2011-02-18).
3917:. Micron.com. Archived from
3698:. Tom's Hardware. 2011-05-10
3600:Documents.WesternDigital.com
3356:Markoff, John (2008-12-11).
3174:. Backblaze. March 13, 2018.
3031:Harris, Robin (2013-03-01).
3008:. BeHardware. Archived from
2861:Liu, Zhiye (6 August 2019).
2267:
1654:dynamic random-access memory
1648:hard drive, initially using
1577:Ball grid array form factors
1100:
1037:
1034:
1026:
1023:
1015:
1012:
1004:
1001:
971:Comparison of architectures
740:operating system are easily
445:Attribute or characteristic
211:semiconductor storage device
7:
8643:Refreshable braille display
8585:Refreshable braille display
7644:Yam, Marcus (May 5, 2009).
5407:. Memoright. Archived from
4884:. Transcend. Archived from
3821:Bechtolsheim, Andy (2008).
2526:
2140:and developed primarily by
1992:log-structured file systems
1541:A custom-connector SATA SSD
1043:Most SSDs use non-volatile
976:Comparison characteristics
127:; 46 years ago
86:; 33 years ago
10:
9079:
7849:Linux and SSD Optimization
7025:"block/blk-lib.c, line 29"
6538:. Apple, Inc. 2010-10-20.
4491:The SSD Guy (2013-03-30).
4310:. BiTMICRO. Archived from
4226:Bagley, Jim (2009-07-01).
2371:Organization or committee
2347:
2342:Adaptive Replacement Cache
2279:Volume Shadow Copy Service
2072:utility is usually run by
1974:
1591:Silicon Storage Technology
1381:
1378:Standard card form factors
1162:Battery and supercapacitor
945:
573:
524:Random-access performance
428:capacity for their price.
393:
29:
8970:
8914:
8873:
8864:
8742:
8678:
8621:
8550:
8485:
8476:
8412:
8341:
8280:
8222:
8206:
8156:
8058:
8049:
7998:
7897:
6693:SSDs weather the PC storm
6434:. CNET News. 2009-04-14.
6034:Jansen, Ng (2009-12-02).
5461:"StorageTek – circa 2004"
5061:Ruth, Gene (2010-01-27).
4834:. PCI-SIG. Archived from
1940:This section needs to be
1356:Standard HDD form factors
1126:(MRAM) for storing data.
1120:solid-state hybrid drives
960:
857:metal–oxide–semiconductor
843:Architecture and function
817:Dual-drive hybrid systems
795:Solid-state hybrid drives
769:Smart Response Technology
638:maximum terabytes written
333:standard HDD form factors
209:. It is sometimes called
152:
147:
139:
121:
111:
106:
98:
80:
70:
62:
46:
9048:Computer storage devices
6937:. Techgage. 2011-05-06.
6738:Karel Zak (2010-02-04).
6602:SSD Sales up 14% in 2009
5716:50,000 divided by 0.05 .
4658:Demerjian TPC-C Records3
4201:. Silverton Consulting.
4110:Lai, Eric (2008-11-07).
2180:
2021:
1922:
1642:1978 StorageTek STC 4305
1109:
650:Samsung 970 EVO NVMe M.2
490:Reliability – longevity
448:Solid-state drive (SSD)
302:Unlike HDDs and similar
9043:20th-century inventions
8752:Central processing unit
7930:Flash memory controller
6706:, accesat la 9 mai 2013
6278:. Toshiba Corporation.
5884:Oxford University Press
5825:Computer History Museum
5760:Computer History Museum
4518:"Hybrid Storage Drives"
3848:"SSD Controller Detail"
3418:Cite magazine requires
3085:"Price Comparison SSDs"
2786:10.1145/1995896.1995902
2533:Board solid-state drive
1880:, built as part of the
1842:Enterprise flash drives
1616:Development and history
1492:Bare-board form factors
1180:Flash Translation Layer
1010:Sequential write ratio
369:, form factor XT2) and
8354:JEDEC / JC-42, JC-64.8
7623:Scott Hanselman's blog
6680:, January 24th, 2013,
6170:"NVMe Gets Refactored"
5405:"M1000 Specifications"
2304:
2173:driver (which exports
2100:
1716:Sequential write speed
1650:charge-coupled devices
1632:
1442:
1366:
1305:
1297:
1021:Sequential read ratio
886:Read and write caching
627:n drive writes per day
585:
451:Hard disk drive (HDD)
405:
366:Crossover Flash Memory
277:An SSD stores data in
186:
171:
8342:Related organizations
7583:. Future Publishing.
7415:Engineering Windows 7
6771:"Linux kernel 2.6.33"
6682:storagenewsletter.com
5782:U.S. patent 5,297,148
5176:"Enterprise SATADIMM"
5143:Beard, Brian (2009).
3327:. September 21, 2016.
2288:Windows 8.1 and later
2199:sudo trimforce enable
2167:unsorted block images
2146:Linux kernel mainline
2103:During installation,
2087:
2076:as a scheduled task.
1764:US$ 0.05 per gigabyte
1702:Sequential read speed
1623:
1440:
1401:PCI Express Mini Card
1363:
1303:
1287:
905:error-correcting code
698:distributed computing
583:
403:
177:
165:
8271:Universal Serial Bus
8265:Serial attached SCSI
7773:Nemeth, Evi (2011).
6316:ソニー製品情報・ソニーストア – ソニー
5886:. pp. 224–227.
5801:. SanDisk Corp. 1991
4706:Werner SSD Features2
4628:on February 3, 2012.
4599:. SemiAccurate.com.
3776:Texas Memory Systems
3745:. linuxjournal.com.
2981:. Intel. July 2011.
2094:PCI Express 3.0
2008:file-system metadata
1882:One Laptop Per Child
1202:Serial attached SCSI
775:SSD to be used as a
609:SSDs have different
605:Failure and recovery
557:Temperature control
32:SSD (disambiguation)
9053:Non-volatile memory
7999:Flash manufacturers
7990:Write amplification
7975:Solid-state storage
7565:Link to information
4476:. CBS Interactive.
3782:on 4 February 2008.
3260:. February 25, 2016
3039:. CBS Interactive.
2194:command-line tool.
2105:Linux distributions
2004:write amplification
1971:File-system support
1917:number of companies
1670:
1331:integrated circuits
972:
952:Write amplification
667:Reliability metrics
456:Price per capacity
441:
235:Unlike traditional
203:integrated circuits
199:solid-state storage
43:
8164:Greenliant Systems
7935:Garbage collection
7891:Solid-state drives
7749:Svnweb.freebsd.org
7720:brendan_entry_test
6964:Lists.OpenSuse.org
6829:"SSD Optimization"
6721:2013-06-03 at the
6698:2013-12-16 at the
6676:2013-05-28 at the
6654:2013-12-16 at the
6632:2013-04-16 at the
6607:2013-06-15 at the
6386:Crothers, Brooke.
6300:. 24 October 2019.
5649:. 9 November 2020.
5300:. 6 December 2013.
4863:on 11 October 2014
4561:2013-04-03 at the
4541:2013-12-16 at the
4031:2013-04-05 at the
3444:. 25 January 2011.
3363:The New York Times
3061:. OCZ Technology.
2242:SuperFetch feature
2153:block driver, the
2101:
1767:10,000,000-to-one
1668:
1633:
1595:Greenliant Systems
1443:
1367:
1306:
1298:
999:Persistence ratio
970:
921:and management of
914:Garbage collection
801:by the host using
744:. Combined with a
709:and a distributed
707:key-value database
586:
535:Power consumption
439:
414:rotational latency
406:
248:enterprise servers
244:personal computers
215:solid-state device
187:
172:
81:Introduction date:
41:
18:Solid state drives
8996:
8995:
8966:
8965:
8896:Analog audio jack
8617:
8616:
8432:
8431:
8364:NVMHCI Work Group
8207:SSD manufacturers
8202:
8201:
7960:Over-provisioning
7915:Flash file system
7359:on July 28, 2013.
7324:. 25 March 2011.
7318:"MacRumors Forum"
7239:kernelnewbies.org
7142:kernelnewbies.org
7113:kernelnewbies.org
6775:kernelnewbies.org
6613:storagereview.com
6127:ComputerWorld.com
5893:978-0-19-957475-9
5851:theregister.co.uk
5465:storagesearch.com
5385:on 1 October 2011
5331:StorageSearch.com
5030:Kristian, Vättö.
5011:wiki.geekworm.com
4923:StorageSearch.com
4680:storagesearch.com
4368:Network Computing
4338:storagesearch.com
4263:Storagesearch.com
4177:Storagesearch.com
4086:Computerworld.com
3852:StorageReview.com
3727:978-0-7356-2530-3
3718:Windows internals
3656:978-1-284-15077-3
3119:. ComputerWorld.
2588:Between the Lines
2582:Whittaker, Zack.
2558:Flash Core Module
2524:
2523:
2374:Subcommittee of:
2297:Protocol (UASP).
2295:USB Attached SCSI
2206:Microsoft Windows
2088:An SSD that uses
2053:parameter. Linux
2002:) help to reduce
1961:
1960:
1907:By 2010, Apple's
1771:
1770:
1739:31,645.56-to-one
1697:5-million-to-one
1694:100 TB
1589:) DiskOnChip and
1041:
1040:
771:, which allows a
732:SSDs based on an
722:personal computer
702:distributed cache
567:
566:
467:Storage capacity
304:electromechanical
201:device that uses
191:solid-state drive
160:
159:
156:Up to 200 TB
57:solid-state drive
42:Solid-state drive
16:(Redirected from
9070:
9025:
9024:
9013:
9012:
9004:
8871:
8870:
8522:Optical trackpad
8487:Pointing devices
8483:
8482:
8459:
8452:
8445:
8436:
8435:
8420:
8419:
8288:HDD form factors
8056:
8055:
7955:Open-channel SSD
7884:
7877:
7870:
7861:
7860:
7827:", USENIX ATC'14
7798:
7797:
7795:
7793:
7770:
7764:
7763:
7761:
7760:
7741:
7735:
7734:
7732:
7731:
7712:
7706:
7705:
7694:
7688:
7687:
7685:
7683:
7674:. 20 June 2013.
7664:
7658:
7657:
7655:
7653:
7648:. Tom's Hardware
7641:
7635:
7634:
7614:
7603:
7602:
7595:
7589:
7588:
7572:
7566:
7564:
7562:
7561:
7546:
7540:
7539:
7537:
7535:
7526:. Archived from
7515:
7509:
7508:
7506:
7505:
7496:. Archived from
7490:
7484:
7483:
7481:
7480:
7471:. Archived from
7464:
7458:
7457:
7455:
7453:
7433:
7427:
7426:
7407:Sinofsky, Steven
7403:
7392:
7391:
7389:
7387:
7367:
7361:
7360:
7358:
7352:. Archived from
7351:
7343:
7337:
7336:
7334:
7333:
7314:
7308:
7307:
7305:
7304:
7295:. 30 June 2015.
7285:
7279:
7278:
7276:
7275:
7260:
7254:
7253:
7251:
7250:
7231:
7225:
7224:
7222:
7221:
7215:
7204:
7195:
7189:
7188:
7186:
7185:
7163:
7157:
7156:
7154:
7153:
7134:
7128:
7127:
7125:
7124:
7105:
7099:
7098:
7096:
7095:
7084:ubuntuforums.org
7076:
7070:
7069:
7067:
7066:
7047:
7041:
7040:
7038:
7037:
7021:
7015:
7014:
7003:
6997:
6996:
6985:
6979:
6978:
6976:
6975:
6956:
6950:
6949:
6947:
6946:
6931:
6925:
6924:
6922:
6921:
6901:
6895:
6894:
6878:
6872:
6871:
6869:
6868:
6854:
6848:
6847:
6845:
6844:
6825:
6819:
6818:
6816:
6815:
6796:
6790:
6789:
6787:
6786:
6767:
6761:
6760:
6758:
6757:
6735:
6729:
6713:
6707:
6690:
6684:
6668:
6662:
6646:
6640:
6624:
6615:
6599:
6593:
6592:
6581:
6575:
6574:
6572:
6570:
6550:
6544:
6543:
6532:
6526:
6525:
6523:
6522:
6513:. engadget.com.
6506:
6500:
6499:
6497:
6496:
6481:
6472:
6471:
6469:
6468:
6459:. Archived from
6446:
6440:
6439:
6428:
6422:
6421:
6414:
6408:
6407:
6405:
6403:
6383:
6377:
6376:
6374:
6372:
6352:
6346:
6345:
6333:
6327:
6326:
6324:
6323:
6308:
6302:
6301:
6290:
6284:
6283:
6272:
6266:
6265:
6253:
6247:
6246:
6244:
6243:
6227:
6221:
6220:
6218:
6217:
6205:
6199:
6198:
6196:
6195:
6180:
6174:
6173:
6166:
6160:
6159:
6148:
6142:
6141:
6139:
6138:
6129:. Archived from
6119:
6113:
6112:
6100:
6094:
6093:
6082:
6076:
6075:
6063:
6057:
6056:
6054:
6053:
6044:. Archived from
6031:
6025:
6022:
6016:
6015:
6013:
6012:
6001:
5995:
5994:
5992:
5991:
5985:
5978:
5970:
5964:
5963:
5961:
5960:
5945:
5939:
5936:
5930:
5929:
5927:
5926:
5920:
5913:
5904:
5898:
5897:
5873:
5867:
5866:
5864:
5862:
5842:
5836:
5835:
5833:
5831:
5817:
5811:
5810:
5808:
5806:
5791:
5785:
5784:
5778:
5772:
5771:
5769:
5767:
5751:
5745:
5744:
5742:
5740:
5735:. April 11, 2012
5723:
5717:
5714:
5708:
5707:
5705:
5704:
5687:
5678:
5675:
5669:
5666:
5660:
5657:
5651:
5650:
5643:
5637:
5634:
5628:
5625:
5619:
5618:
5607:
5601:
5600:
5589:
5583:
5580:
5574:
5573:
5571:
5569:
5552:
5539:
5538:
5527:
5516:
5513:
5507:
5506:
5504:
5502:
5485:
5476:
5475:
5473:
5471:
5457:
5451:
5450:
5448:
5446:
5426:
5420:
5419:
5417:
5416:
5401:
5395:
5394:
5392:
5390:
5375:
5369:
5368:
5366:
5364:
5353:
5347:
5346:
5344:
5342:
5325:Kerekes, Zsolt.
5322:
5316:
5315:
5308:
5302:
5301:
5294:
5288:
5287:
5280:
5274:
5273:
5271:
5269:
5253:
5247:
5246:
5244:
5242:
5222:
5216:
5215:
5213:
5212:
5197:
5191:
5190:
5188:
5187:
5172:
5166:
5165:
5163:
5162:
5156:
5149:
5140:
5134:
5133:
5131:
5129:
5109:
5103:
5102:
5100:
5099:
5084:
5078:
5077:
5075:
5074:
5065:. Burton Group.
5058:
5052:
5051:
5049:
5047:
5027:
5021:
5020:
5018:
5017:
5003:
4997:
4996:
4980:
4974:
4973:
4971:
4969:
4964:on June 10, 2019
4963:
4952:
4944:
4938:
4937:
4935:
4934:
4914:
4908:
4907:
4896:
4890:
4889:
4878:
4872:
4871:
4869:
4868:
4853:
4847:
4846:
4844:
4843:
4824:
4818:
4817:
4815:
4814:
4799:
4793:
4792:
4790:
4788:
4782:
4775:
4767:
4761:
4760:
4758:
4757:
4737:
4731:
4730:
4719:
4713:
4707:
4702:
4696:
4695:
4693:
4691:
4674:Kerekes, Zsolt.
4671:
4665:
4659:
4654:
4648:
4647:
4636:
4630:
4629:
4618:
4612:
4611:
4609:
4608:
4592:
4583:
4577:
4572:
4566:
4552:
4546:
4532:
4526:
4525:
4514:
4508:
4507:
4505:
4504:
4488:
4482:
4481:
4466:
4460:
4459:
4443:
4437:
4436:
4421:
4415:
4414:
4412:
4410:
4390:
4384:
4383:
4381:
4379:
4360:
4354:
4353:
4351:
4349:
4332:Kerekes, Zsolt.
4329:
4323:
4322:
4320:
4319:
4303:
4297:
4296:
4294:
4292:
4287:. 13 August 2013
4277:
4271:
4270:
4255:
4249:
4248:
4246:
4245:
4239:
4232:
4223:
4217:
4216:
4214:
4213:
4207:
4200:
4191:
4185:
4184:
4169:
4163:
4162:
4160:
4159:
4153:
4146:
4137:
4131:
4130:
4128:
4127:
4107:
4101:
4100:
4098:
4097:
4077:
4071:
4070:
4068:
4067:
4061:
4050:
4042:
4036:
4023:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4013:
3993:
3987:
3986:
3984:
3983:
3963:
3957:
3956:
3954:
3952:
3936:
3930:
3929:
3927:
3926:
3911:
3905:
3899:
3894:
3888:
3887:
3885:
3883:
3873:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3863:
3854:. Archived from
3843:
3837:
3836:
3834:
3833:
3827:
3818:
3812:
3811:
3809:
3807:
3790:
3784:
3783:
3778:. Archived from
3764:
3758:
3757:
3755:
3754:
3738:
3732:
3731:
3713:
3707:
3706:
3704:
3703:
3692:
3686:
3685:
3683:
3682:
3667:
3661:
3660:
3640:
3634:
3633:
3631:
3630:
3616:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3606:
3597:
3589:
3583:
3582:
3580:
3578:
3566:
3560:
3559:
3547:
3541:
3535:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3522:
3513:. Archived from
3503:
3492:
3491:
3484:
3478:
3477:
3470:
3464:
3463:
3452:
3446:
3445:
3434:
3428:
3427:
3421:
3416:
3414:
3406:
3399:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3389:
3380:. Archived from
3374:
3368:
3367:
3353:
3347:
3346:
3335:
3329:
3328:
3321:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3310:
3296:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3286:
3276:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3265:
3250:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3239:
3224:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3213:
3196:
3190:
3189:
3188:. 19 March 2018.
3182:
3176:
3175:
3168:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3154:
3139:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3128:
3112:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3102:
3096:
3089:
3081:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3070:
3051:
3045:
3044:
3028:
3022:
3021:
3019:
3017:
3012:on 9 August 2013
3001:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2990:
2975:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2964:
2944:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2934:
2928:
2922:. Archived from
2921:
2913:
2907:
2906:
2905:. 8 August 2019.
2895:
2889:
2888:
2877:
2871:
2870:
2858:
2852:
2851:
2850:. 28 April 2023.
2840:
2834:
2833:
2822:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2796:
2790:
2789:
2773:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2756:
2749:
2740:
2731:
2730:
2720:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2697:Kristian Vättö.
2694:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2675:on June 10, 2019
2674:
2663:
2655:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2629:
2623:. Archived from
2618:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2579:
2368:
2367:
2354:Unix File System
2212:NTFS file system
2200:
2193:
2112:
2071:
2067:
2052:
1956:
1953:
1947:
1935:
1934:
1927:
1792:
1781:
1722:15.200 GB/s
1671:
1667:
1664:SSDs using Flash
1538:
1526:
1514:
1502:
1480:Box form factors
1467:embedded systems
1447:disk-on-a-module
1394:tablet computers
1130:Cache and buffer
1114:Drives known as
973:
969:
896:Crypto-shredding
821:operating system
811:hibernation file
799:magnetic storage
787:'s RocketHybrid
759:Hard-drive cache
442:
438:
408:Traditional HDD
390:Hard disk drives
307:magnetic storage
237:hard disk drives
219:solid-state disk
135:
133:
128:
107:Original concept
94:
92:
87:
51:
44:
40:
21:
9078:
9077:
9073:
9072:
9071:
9069:
9068:
9067:
9033:
9032:
9031:
9019:
9007:
8999:
8997:
8992:
8962:
8910:
8860:
8738:
8732:USB flash drive
8681:
8674:
8613:
8546:
8500:Game controller
8495:Graphics tablet
8472:
8463:
8433:
8428:
8408:
8337:
8276:
8218:
8198:
8152:
8106:(bought by OCZ)
8066:Western Digital
8045:
8031:Western Digital
7994:
7898:Key terminology
7893:
7888:
7834:
7807:
7805:Further reading
7802:
7801:
7791:
7789:
7787:
7771:
7767:
7758:
7756:
7743:
7742:
7738:
7729:
7727:
7714:
7713:
7709:
7696:
7695:
7691:
7681:
7679:
7666:
7665:
7661:
7651:
7649:
7642:
7638:
7615:
7606:
7597:
7596:
7592:
7573:
7569:
7559:
7557:
7548:
7547:
7543:
7533:
7531:
7530:on 23 July 2010
7516:
7512:
7503:
7501:
7492:
7491:
7487:
7478:
7476:
7465:
7461:
7451:
7449:
7434:
7430:
7404:
7395:
7385:
7383:
7368:
7364:
7356:
7349:
7345:
7344:
7340:
7331:
7329:
7316:
7315:
7311:
7302:
7300:
7287:
7286:
7282:
7273:
7271:
7262:
7261:
7257:
7248:
7246:
7233:
7232:
7228:
7219:
7217:
7213:
7202:
7196:
7192:
7183:
7181:
7164:
7160:
7151:
7149:
7136:
7135:
7131:
7122:
7120:
7107:
7106:
7102:
7093:
7091:
7078:
7077:
7073:
7064:
7062:
7049:
7048:
7044:
7035:
7033:
7023:
7022:
7018:
7009:. 8 July 2011.
7005:
7004:
7000:
6987:
6986:
6982:
6973:
6971:
6958:
6957:
6953:
6944:
6942:
6933:
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6919:
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6902:
6898:
6879:
6875:
6866:
6864:
6856:
6855:
6851:
6842:
6840:
6827:
6826:
6822:
6813:
6811:
6798:
6797:
6793:
6784:
6782:
6769:
6768:
6764:
6755:
6753:
6736:
6732:
6723:Wayback Machine
6714:
6710:
6700:Wayback Machine
6691:
6687:
6678:Wayback Machine
6669:
6665:
6656:Wayback Machine
6647:
6643:
6634:Wayback Machine
6625:
6618:
6609:Wayback Machine
6600:
6596:
6583:
6582:
6578:
6568:
6566:
6551:
6547:
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6384:
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6334:
6330:
6321:
6319:
6309:
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6292:
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6287:
6274:
6273:
6269:
6254:
6250:
6241:
6239:
6228:
6224:
6215:
6213:
6208:Mellor, Chris.
6206:
6202:
6193:
6191:
6181:
6177:
6172:. 30 June 2021.
6168:
6167:
6163:
6150:
6149:
6145:
6136:
6134:
6121:
6120:
6116:
6103:Tallis, Billy.
6101:
6097:
6092:. 9 March 2016.
6084:
6083:
6079:
6064:
6060:
6051:
6049:
6032:
6028:
6023:
6019:
6010:
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5924:
5922:
5918:
5911:
5905:
5901:
5894:
5874:
5870:
5860:
5858:
5845:Mellor, Chris.
5843:
5839:
5829:
5827:
5819:
5818:
5814:
5804:
5802:
5793:
5792:
5788:
5780:
5779:
5775:
5765:
5763:
5753:
5752:
5748:
5738:
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5725:
5724:
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5715:
5711:
5702:
5700:
5688:
5681:
5676:
5672:
5667:
5663:
5658:
5654:
5645:
5644:
5640:
5635:
5631:
5626:
5622:
5617:. 18 July 2019.
5609:
5608:
5604:
5599:. 19 July 2019.
5591:
5590:
5586:
5581:
5577:
5567:
5565:
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5519:
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5219:
5210:
5208:
5199:
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5185:
5183:
5174:
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5160:
5158:
5154:
5147:
5141:
5137:
5127:
5125:
5110:
5106:
5097:
5095:
5088:"SATA M.2 Card"
5086:
5085:
5081:
5072:
5070:
5059:
5055:
5045:
5043:
5028:
5024:
5015:
5013:
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5000:
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4800:
4796:
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4773:
4769:
4768:
4764:
4755:
4753:
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4721:
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4705:
4699:
4689:
4687:
4672:
4668:
4657:
4651:
4638:
4637:
4633:
4620:
4619:
4615:
4606:
4604:
4593:
4586:
4575:
4569:
4563:Wayback Machine
4553:
4549:
4543:Wayback Machine
4534:Douglas Perry.
4533:
4529:
4516:
4515:
4511:
4502:
4500:
4495:. The SSD Guy.
4489:
4485:
4468:
4467:
4463:
4444:
4440:
4423:
4422:
4418:
4408:
4406:
4391:
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4138:
4134:
4125:
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4108:
4104:
4095:
4093:
4078:
4074:
4065:
4063:
4059:
4048:
4044:
4043:
4039:
4033:Wayback Machine
4024:
4020:
4011:
4009:
3994:
3990:
3981:
3979:
3964:
3960:
3950:
3948:
3937:
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3913:
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3908:
3897:
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3875:
3874:
3870:
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3859:
3844:
3840:
3831:
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3825:
3819:
3815:
3805:
3803:
3791:
3787:
3766:
3765:
3761:
3752:
3750:
3739:
3735:
3728:
3714:
3710:
3701:
3699:
3694:
3693:
3689:
3680:
3678:
3669:
3668:
3664:
3657:
3641:
3637:
3628:
3626:
3618:
3617:
3613:
3604:
3602:
3595:
3591:
3590:
3586:
3576:
3574:
3567:
3563:
3556:The Tech Report
3548:
3544:
3536:
3529:
3520:
3518:
3505:
3504:
3495:
3486:
3485:
3481:
3472:
3471:
3467:
3454:
3453:
3449:
3436:
3435:
3431:
3420:|magazine=
3419:
3417:
3408:
3407:
3401:
3400:
3396:
3387:
3385:
3376:
3375:
3371:
3354:
3350:
3337:
3336:
3332:
3323:
3322:
3318:
3308:
3306:
3298:
3297:
3293:
3284:
3282:
3278:
3277:
3273:
3263:
3261:
3252:
3251:
3247:
3237:
3235:
3226:
3225:
3221:
3211:
3209:
3208:. 21 April 2023
3198:
3197:
3193:
3184:
3183:
3179:
3170:
3169:
3162:
3152:
3150:
3141:
3140:
3136:
3126:
3124:
3113:
3109:
3100:
3098:
3094:
3087:
3083:
3082:
3078:
3068:
3066:
3053:
3052:
3048:
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3025:
3015:
3013:
3002:
2998:
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2960:
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2910:
2897:
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2878:
2874:
2859:
2855:
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2809:
2807:
2798:
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2741:
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2708:
2706:
2695:
2688:
2678:
2676:
2672:
2661:
2657:
2656:
2643:
2633:
2631:
2627:
2616:
2612:
2611:
2607:
2597:
2595:
2580:
2576:
2571:
2548:Hard disk drive
2529:
2362:
2350:
2307:
2290:
2270:
2250:
2230:Defragmentation
2208:
2198:
2192:system_profiler
2191:
2183:
2108:
2082:
2069:
2065:
2050:
2024:
1979:
1973:
1957:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1936:
1932:
1925:
1873:
1864:
1844:
1802:
1801:
1800:
1799:
1795:
1794:
1793:
1784:
1783:
1782:
1666:
1638:
1626:computer memory
1618:
1583:Ball Grid Array
1579:
1542:
1539:
1530:
1527:
1518:
1515:
1506:
1503:
1494:
1482:
1463:hard disk drive
1435:
1390:
1382:Main articles:
1380:
1371:HDD form factor
1358:
1325:along with the
1311:
1188:
1173:supercapacitors
1164:
1132:
1112:
1103:
1082:
968:
963:
954:
946:Main articles:
944:
907:(ECC), such as
869:
845:
761:
746:cloud computing
726:write protected
694:
669:
648:For example, a
640:), abbreviated
607:
578:
572:
546:Acoustic noise
398:
392:
387:
275:
197:) is a type of
131:
129:
126:
90:
88:
85:
58:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9076:
9066:
9065:
9060:
9055:
9050:
9045:
9030:
9029:
9017:
8994:
8993:
8991:
8990:
8985:
8980:
8974:
8972:
8968:
8967:
8964:
8963:
8961:
8960:
8955:
8950:
8945:
8940:
8935:
8930:
8925:
8918:
8916:
8912:
8911:
8909:
8908:
8903:
8898:
8893:
8888:
8883:
8877:
8875:
8868:
8862:
8861:
8859:
8858:
8856:Expansion card
8853:
8848:
8843:
8842:
8841:
8836:
8826:
8825:
8824:
8814:
8813:
8812:
8807:
8793:
8783:
8782:
8781:
8776:
8766:
8761:
8760:
8759:
8757:Microprocessor
8748:
8746:
8740:
8739:
8737:
8736:
8735:
8734:
8729:
8719:
8718:
8717:
8712:
8707:
8697:
8692:
8686:
8684:
8676:
8675:
8673:
8672:
8667:
8662:
8657:
8656:
8655:
8645:
8640:
8639:
8638:
8627:
8625:
8623:Output devices
8619:
8618:
8615:
8614:
8612:
8611:
8610:
8609:
8599:
8598:
8597:
8587:
8582:
8577:
8576:
8575:
8565:
8560:
8554:
8552:
8548:
8547:
8545:
8544:
8539:
8534:
8529:
8527:Pointing stick
8524:
8519:
8518:
8517:
8507:
8502:
8497:
8491:
8489:
8480:
8474:
8473:
8462:
8461:
8454:
8447:
8439:
8430:
8429:
8427:
8426:
8413:
8410:
8409:
8407:
8406:
8401:
8396:
8391:
8386:
8381:
8376:
8371:
8366:
8361:
8356:
8351:
8345:
8343:
8339:
8338:
8336:
8335:
8330:
8325:
8320:
8319:
8318:
8308:
8306:expansion card
8300:
8295:
8290:
8284:
8282:
8281:Configurations
8278:
8277:
8275:
8274:
8268:
8262:
8256:
8251:
8245:
8239:
8233:
8226:
8224:
8220:
8219:
8217:
8216:
8210:
8208:
8204:
8203:
8200:
8199:
8197:
8196:
8191:
8186:
8181:
8176:
8171:
8166:
8160:
8158:
8154:
8153:
8151:
8150:
8145:
8144:
8143:
8131:
8130:
8129:
8119:
8114:
8109:
8108:
8107:
8101:
8090:
8089:
8088:
8083:
8078:
8073:
8062:
8060:
8053:
8047:
8046:
8044:
8043:
8038:
8027:
8026:
8025:
8013:
8008:
8002:
8000:
7996:
7995:
7993:
7992:
7987:
7982:
7977:
7972:
7967:
7962:
7957:
7952:
7947:
7942:
7937:
7932:
7927:
7922:
7917:
7912:
7907:
7901:
7899:
7895:
7894:
7887:
7886:
7879:
7872:
7864:
7858:
7857:
7851:
7846:
7840:
7833:
7832:External links
7830:
7829:
7828:
7821:
7814:
7806:
7803:
7800:
7799:
7786:978-8131761779
7785:
7765:
7736:
7707:
7689:
7659:
7636:
7604:
7590:
7567:
7541:
7510:
7485:
7459:
7428:
7409:(5 May 2009).
7393:
7362:
7338:
7309:
7280:
7255:
7241:. 2015-05-01.
7226:
7190:
7158:
7144:. 2014-12-07.
7129:
7115:. 2014-01-19.
7100:
7071:
7057:. 2012-05-11.
7042:
7016:
6998:
6980:
6966:. 2011-06-02.
6951:
6926:
6896:
6873:
6849:
6835:. 2013-11-22.
6820:
6806:. 2013-09-17.
6791:
6777:. 2010-02-24.
6762:
6730:
6708:
6685:
6663:
6641:
6616:
6594:
6576:
6553:Simms, Craig.
6545:
6527:
6501:
6473:
6441:
6423:
6409:
6378:
6347:
6328:
6303:
6285:
6267:
6248:
6222:
6200:
6189:Tom's Hardware
6175:
6161:
6143:
6114:
6095:
6077:
6058:
6026:
6017:
5996:
5965:
5940:
5931:
5899:
5892:
5868:
5837:
5812:
5786:
5773:
5746:
5718:
5709:
5697:Tom's Hardware
5679:
5670:
5661:
5652:
5638:
5629:
5620:
5602:
5584:
5575:
5562:Tom's Hardware
5540:
5517:
5508:
5495:The FPS Review
5477:
5452:
5421:
5396:
5370:
5348:
5317:
5303:
5289:
5275:
5248:
5217:
5192:
5167:
5135:
5104:
5079:
5053:
5022:
4998:
4975:
4939:
4909:
4906:on 2010-11-23.
4900:"Netbook SSDs"
4891:
4888:on 2011-07-17.
4873:
4848:
4819:
4794:
4762:
4732:
4725:. 2013-04-18.
4714:
4697:
4666:
4649:
4642:. 2013-04-18.
4631:
4613:
4584:
4576:SSD Anthology3
4567:
4554:Rick Burgess.
4547:
4527:
4509:
4483:
4461:
4438:
4416:
4385:
4370:. 2014-03-12.
4355:
4324:
4298:
4272:
4250:
4218:
4186:
4164:
4132:
4102:
4072:
4037:
4018:
3988:
3958:
3931:
3906:
3898:SSD Anthology2
3889:
3868:
3838:
3813:
3785:
3759:
3733:
3726:
3708:
3687:
3662:
3655:
3635:
3611:
3584:
3561:
3542:
3527:
3493:
3479:
3465:
3447:
3429:
3394:
3369:
3348:
3330:
3316:
3291:
3271:
3245:
3234:. May 23, 2022
3219:
3205:Tom's Hardware
3191:
3177:
3160:
3134:
3107:
3076:
3046:
3023:
2996:
2970:
2939:
2908:
2890:
2872:
2867:Tom's Hardware
2853:
2848:SuperMicro.com
2835:
2817:
2791:
2768:
2732:
2715:
2686:
2641:
2605:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2521:
2518:
2515:
2509:
2508:
2505:
2502:
2496:
2495:
2492:
2489:
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2482:
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2422:
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2417:
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2404:
2399:
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2379:
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2361:
2358:
2349:
2346:
2306:
2303:
2289:
2286:
2269:
2266:
2249:
2246:
2238:Windows Defrag
2207:
2204:
2182:
2179:
2134:blk-multiqueue
2098:expansion card
2081:
2078:
2023:
2020:
1975:Main article:
1972:
1969:
1959:
1958:
1939:
1937:
1930:
1924:
1921:
1872:
1869:
1863:
1860:
1843:
1840:
1797:
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1755:
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1741:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1727:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1713:
1712:
1711:304.25-to-one
1709:
1706:
1705:49.3 MB/s
1703:
1699:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1685:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1669:SSD evolution
1665:
1662:
1637:
1634:
1617:
1614:
1578:
1575:
1544:
1543:
1540:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1497:
1493:
1490:
1481:
1478:
1434:
1431:
1379:
1376:
1357:
1354:
1315:optical drives
1310:
1309:Configurations
1307:
1282:
1281:
1275:
1265:
1264:
1253:
1239:
1229:
1223:
1217:
1211:
1205:
1199:
1187:
1186:Host Interface
1184:
1163:
1160:
1131:
1128:
1111:
1108:
1102:
1099:
1081:
1078:
1066:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1007:
1006:
1003:
1000:
996:
995:
986:
977:
967:
964:
962:
959:
943:
940:
931:
930:
925:
919:Read scrubbing
916:
911:
898:
893:
888:
883:
868:
865:
863:memory cells.
844:
841:
835:, and Apple's
760:
757:
693:
690:
689:
688:
685:
682:
668:
665:
646:
645:
630:
606:
603:
595:Secure Digital
574:Main article:
571:
568:
565:
564:
561:
558:
554:
553:
550:
547:
543:
542:
539:
536:
532:
531:
528:
525:
521:
520:
517:
514:
510:
509:
506:
503:
502:Start-up time
499:
498:
495:
491:
487:
486:
483:
479:
475:
474:
471:
468:
464:
463:
460:
457:
453:
452:
449:
446:
391:
388:
386:
383:
274:
271:
252:mobile devices
205:to store data
158:
157:
154:
150:
149:
145:
144:
141:
137:
136:
123:
119:
118:
113:
109:
108:
104:
103:
100:
96:
95:
82:
78:
77:
72:
71:Introduced by:
68:
67:
60:
59:
52:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9075:
9064:
9061:
9059:
9056:
9054:
9051:
9049:
9046:
9044:
9041:
9040:
9038:
9028:
9023:
9018:
9016:
9011:
9006:
9005:
9002:
8989:
8986:
8984:
8981:
8979:
8976:
8975:
8973:
8969:
8959:
8956:
8954:
8951:
8949:
8946:
8944:
8941:
8939:
8936:
8934:
8931:
8929:
8928:Parallel port
8926:
8923:
8920:
8919:
8917:
8913:
8907:
8904:
8902:
8899:
8897:
8894:
8892:
8889:
8887:
8884:
8882:
8879:
8878:
8876:
8872:
8869:
8867:
8863:
8857:
8854:
8852:
8849:
8847:
8844:
8840:
8837:
8835:
8832:
8831:
8830:
8827:
8823:
8820:
8819:
8818:
8815:
8811:
8808:
8805:
8801:
8797:
8794:
8792:
8789:
8788:
8787:
8784:
8780:
8777:
8775:
8772:
8771:
8770:
8767:
8765:
8762:
8758:
8755:
8754:
8753:
8750:
8749:
8747:
8745:
8744:Computer case
8741:
8733:
8730:
8728:
8725:
8724:
8723:
8720:
8716:
8713:
8711:
8708:
8706:
8703:
8702:
8701:
8698:
8696:
8693:
8691:
8688:
8687:
8685:
8683:
8677:
8671:
8670:Graphics card
8668:
8666:
8663:
8661:
8658:
8654:
8651:
8650:
8649:
8646:
8644:
8641:
8637:
8634:
8633:
8632:
8629:
8628:
8626:
8624:
8620:
8608:
8605:
8604:
8603:
8600:
8596:
8593:
8592:
8591:
8588:
8586:
8583:
8581:
8578:
8574:
8571:
8570:
8569:
8568:Graphics card
8566:
8564:
8563:Image scanner
8561:
8559:
8556:
8555:
8553:
8549:
8543:
8540:
8538:
8535:
8533:
8530:
8528:
8525:
8523:
8520:
8516:
8513:
8512:
8511:
8508:
8506:
8503:
8501:
8498:
8496:
8493:
8492:
8490:
8488:
8484:
8481:
8479:
8478:Input devices
8475:
8471:
8468:
8460:
8455:
8453:
8448:
8446:
8441:
8440:
8437:
8425:
8424:
8415:
8414:
8411:
8405:
8402:
8400:
8397:
8395:
8392:
8390:
8387:
8385:
8382:
8380:
8379:SFF Committee
8377:
8375:
8372:
8370:
8367:
8365:
8362:
8360:
8357:
8355:
8352:
8350:
8347:
8346:
8344:
8340:
8334:
8331:
8329:
8326:
8324:
8321:
8317:
8314:
8313:
8312:
8309:
8307:
8304:
8301:
8299:
8296:
8294:
8291:
8289:
8286:
8285:
8283:
8279:
8272:
8269:
8266:
8263:
8260:
8257:
8255:
8252:
8249:
8246:
8243:
8240:
8237:
8236:Fibre Channel
8234:
8231:
8228:
8227:
8225:
8221:
8215:
8212:
8211:
8209:
8205:
8195:
8192:
8190:
8187:
8185:
8182:
8180:
8177:
8175:
8172:
8170:
8167:
8165:
8162:
8161:
8159:
8155:
8149:
8146:
8141:
8137:
8136:
8135:
8132:
8128:
8125:
8124:
8123:
8120:
8118:
8115:
8113:
8110:
8105:
8102:
8099:
8096:
8095:
8094:
8091:
8087:
8084:
8082:
8079:
8077:
8074:
8072:
8069:
8068:
8067:
8064:
8063:
8061:
8057:
8054:
8052:
8048:
8042:
8039:
8036:
8032:
8028:
8023:
8019:
8018:
8017:
8014:
8012:
8009:
8007:
8004:
8003:
8001:
7997:
7991:
7988:
7986:
7985:Wear leveling
7983:
7981:
7978:
7976:
7973:
7971:
7968:
7966:
7963:
7961:
7958:
7956:
7953:
7951:
7948:
7946:
7943:
7941:
7938:
7936:
7933:
7931:
7928:
7926:
7923:
7921:
7918:
7916:
7913:
7911:
7908:
7906:
7903:
7902:
7900:
7896:
7892:
7885:
7880:
7878:
7873:
7871:
7866:
7865:
7862:
7855:
7852:
7850:
7847:
7844:
7841:
7839:
7836:
7835:
7826:
7822:
7819:
7815:
7812:
7809:
7808:
7788:
7782:
7778:
7777:
7769:
7754:
7750:
7746:
7740:
7726:on 2009-08-30
7725:
7721:
7717:
7711:
7703:
7702:www.urtech.ca
7699:
7693:
7677:
7673:
7672:Howtogeek.com
7669:
7663:
7647:
7640:
7632:
7628:
7624:
7620:
7613:
7611:
7609:
7600:
7594:
7586:
7582:
7578:
7571:
7555:
7551:
7545:
7529:
7525:
7521:
7514:
7500:on 2009-02-05
7499:
7495:
7489:
7475:on 2008-10-14
7474:
7470:
7467:Smith, Tony.
7463:
7447:
7443:
7439:
7432:
7424:
7420:
7416:
7412:
7408:
7402:
7400:
7398:
7381:
7377:
7376:belkasoft.com
7373:
7366:
7355:
7348:
7342:
7327:
7323:
7319:
7313:
7298:
7294:
7290:
7284:
7269:
7265:
7259:
7244:
7240:
7236:
7230:
7212:
7208:
7201:
7194:
7179:
7175:
7174:
7169:
7162:
7147:
7143:
7139:
7133:
7118:
7114:
7110:
7104:
7089:
7085:
7081:
7075:
7060:
7056:
7052:
7046:
7032:
7031:
7026:
7020:
7012:
7008:
7002:
6994:
6990:
6984:
6969:
6965:
6961:
6955:
6940:
6936:
6930:
6915:
6911:
6907:
6900:
6892:
6888:
6884:
6877:
6863:
6859:
6853:
6838:
6834:
6830:
6824:
6809:
6805:
6801:
6795:
6780:
6776:
6772:
6766:
6751:
6747:
6746:
6741:
6734:
6728:
6724:
6720:
6717:
6712:
6705:
6701:
6697:
6694:
6689:
6683:
6679:
6675:
6672:
6667:
6661:
6660:ecoinsite.com
6657:
6653:
6650:
6645:
6639:
6635:
6631:
6628:
6623:
6621:
6614:
6610:
6606:
6603:
6598:
6590:
6586:
6580:
6564:
6560:
6556:
6549:
6541:
6537:
6536:"MacBook Air"
6531:
6516:
6512:
6505:
6490:
6487:. Apple Inc.
6486:
6480:
6478:
6463:on 2007-06-15
6462:
6458:
6457:
6452:
6445:
6437:
6433:
6427:
6419:
6413:
6397:
6393:
6389:
6382:
6366:
6362:
6358:
6351:
6343:
6339:
6332:
6318:(in Japanese)
6317:
6313:
6307:
6299:
6298:TechRadar.com
6295:
6289:
6281:
6277:
6271:
6263:
6260:. AnandTech.
6259:
6252:
6238:on 2010-06-12
6237:
6233:
6226:
6211:
6204:
6190:
6186:
6179:
6171:
6165:
6157:
6153:
6147:
6133:on 2020-10-25
6132:
6128:
6124:
6118:
6110:
6109:AnandTech.com
6106:
6099:
6091:
6087:
6081:
6073:
6069:
6062:
6048:on 2009-12-05
6047:
6043:
6042:
6037:
6030:
6021:
6006:
6000:
5986:on 2010-05-09
5982:
5975:
5969:
5955:on 2010-05-01
5954:
5950:
5944:
5935:
5917:
5910:
5903:
5895:
5889:
5885:
5881:
5880:
5872:
5856:
5852:
5848:
5841:
5826:
5822:
5816:
5800:
5796:
5790:
5783:
5777:
5762:
5761:
5756:
5750:
5734:
5733:
5728:
5722:
5713:
5699:
5698:
5693:
5686:
5684:
5674:
5665:
5656:
5648:
5642:
5633:
5624:
5616:
5612:
5606:
5598:
5594:
5588:
5579:
5564:
5563:
5558:
5551:
5549:
5547:
5545:
5536:
5532:
5526:
5524:
5522:
5512:
5497:
5496:
5491:
5484:
5482:
5466:
5462:
5456:
5440:
5436:
5432:
5425:
5411:on 2011-11-25
5410:
5406:
5400:
5384:
5380:
5374:
5358:
5352:
5336:
5332:
5328:
5321:
5313:
5307:
5299:
5293:
5285:
5279:
5263:
5259:
5252:
5236:
5232:
5228:
5221:
5206:
5202:
5196:
5182:on 2011-11-04
5181:
5177:
5171:
5153:
5146:
5139:
5123:
5119:
5115:
5108:
5093:
5089:
5083:
5068:
5064:
5057:
5041:
5037:
5036:anandtech.com
5033:
5026:
5012:
5008:
5002:
4994:
4990:
4986:
4983:Paul Alcorn.
4979:
4960:
4956:
4949:
4943:
4928:
4924:
4920:
4913:
4905:
4901:
4895:
4887:
4883:
4877:
4862:
4858:
4852:
4838:on 2014-02-01
4837:
4833:
4829:
4823:
4809:on 2016-03-07
4808:
4804:
4798:
4779:
4772:
4766:
4751:
4747:
4743:
4736:
4728:
4724:
4718:
4711:
4701:
4685:
4681:
4677:
4670:
4663:
4653:
4645:
4641:
4635:
4627:
4623:
4617:
4602:
4598:
4591:
4589:
4581:
4571:
4564:
4560:
4557:
4551:
4544:
4540:
4537:
4531:
4523:
4519:
4513:
4498:
4494:
4487:
4479:
4475:
4471:
4465:
4458:
4453:
4449:
4442:
4434:
4430:
4426:
4420:
4404:
4400:
4399:techradar.com
4396:
4389:
4373:
4369:
4365:
4359:
4343:
4339:
4335:
4328:
4314:on 2011-07-19
4313:
4309:
4306:Cash, Kelly.
4302:
4286:
4282:
4276:
4268:
4264:
4260:
4254:
4240:on 2010-01-04
4236:
4229:
4222:
4204:
4197:
4190:
4182:
4178:
4174:
4168:
4150:
4143:
4136:
4121:
4117:
4116:Computerworld
4113:
4106:
4091:
4087:
4083:
4076:
4058:
4054:
4047:
4041:
4034:
4030:
4027:
4022:
4007:
4003:
3999:
3992:
3977:
3973:
3969:
3962:
3946:
3943:. AnandTech.
3942:
3935:
3921:on 2009-06-26
3920:
3916:
3910:
3903:
3893:
3878:
3872:
3858:on 2010-10-15
3857:
3853:
3849:
3842:
3824:
3817:
3802:
3801:
3796:
3789:
3781:
3777:
3773:
3769:
3763:
3748:
3744:
3737:
3729:
3723:
3719:
3712:
3697:
3691:
3676:
3673:. AnandTech.
3672:
3666:
3658:
3652:
3648:
3647:
3639:
3625:
3621:
3615:
3601:
3594:
3588:
3572:
3565:
3557:
3553:
3546:
3539:
3534:
3532:
3517:on 2015-01-16
3516:
3512:
3508:
3502:
3500:
3498:
3489:
3483:
3475:
3469:
3461:
3457:
3451:
3443:
3439:
3433:
3425:
3412:
3411:cite magazine
3405:. 2010-06-07.
3404:
3398:
3384:on 2011-07-15
3383:
3379:
3373:
3365:
3364:
3359:
3352:
3344:
3340:
3334:
3326:
3320:
3305:
3301:
3300:"HDD vs. SSD"
3295:
3281:
3275:
3264:September 20,
3259:
3255:
3249:
3233:
3229:
3223:
3207:
3206:
3201:
3195:
3187:
3181:
3173:
3167:
3165:
3148:
3144:
3138:
3122:
3118:
3111:
3093:
3086:
3080:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3050:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3027:
3011:
3007:
3000:
2984:
2980:
2974:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2943:
2929:on 2012-05-07
2925:
2918:
2912:
2904:
2900:
2894:
2886:
2882:
2876:
2868:
2864:
2857:
2849:
2845:
2839:
2831:
2827:
2821:
2805:
2801:
2795:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2772:
2753:
2746:
2739:
2737:
2728:
2727:
2719:
2704:
2700:
2693:
2691:
2671:
2667:
2660:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2630:on 2010-07-04
2626:
2622:
2615:
2609:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2578:
2574:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2530:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2506:
2501:
2498:
2497:
2493:
2488:
2487:SFF Committee
2485:
2484:
2480:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2467:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2441:
2436:
2433:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2423:
2420:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2389:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2376:
2373:
2370:
2369:
2366:
2357:
2355:
2345:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2302:
2298:
2296:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2275:
2265:
2262:
2258:
2257:Windows Vista
2254:
2253:Windows Vista
2248:Windows Vista
2245:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2225:
2221:
2215:
2213:
2203:
2195:
2189:
2178:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2159:device mapper
2156:
2152:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2130:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2115:
2111:
2106:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2086:
2077:
2075:
2062:
2060:
2059:SATA 3.1
2056:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2027:
2019:
2016:
2011:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1988:wear leveling
1984:
1978:
1968:
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1806:Fujio Masuoka
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1327:spindle motor
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1227:
1226:Fibre Channel
1224:
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1127:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1116:hybrid drives
1107:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1088:
1080:DRAM and DIMM
1077:
1073:
1071:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1035:1 : 1.3
1031:
1030:
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1008:
998:
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994:
990:
987:
985:
981:
978:
975:
974:
958:
953:
949:
948:Wear leveling
942:Wear leveling
939:
935:
929:
928:Wear leveling
926:
924:
920:
917:
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899:
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861:floating-gate
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631:
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619:
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612:
611:failure modes
602:
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582:
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434:wear leveling
429:
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279:semiconductor
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105:
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97:
83:
79:
76:
73:
69:
66:
61:
56:
50:
45:
37:
33:
19:
8834:Power MOSFET
8817:Power supply
8795:
8786:Data storage
8722:Flash memory
8700:Optical disc
8682:data storage
8421:
8254:SATA Express
7980:Trim command
7970:Secure erase
7965:Read disturb
7920:Flash memory
7890:
7790:. Retrieved
7775:
7768:
7757:. Retrieved
7748:
7739:
7728:. Retrieved
7724:the original
7719:
7710:
7701:
7692:
7680:. Retrieved
7671:
7662:
7650:. Retrieved
7639:
7622:
7593:
7580:
7570:
7558:. Retrieved
7544:
7532:. Retrieved
7528:the original
7523:
7513:
7502:. Retrieved
7498:the original
7488:
7477:. Retrieved
7473:the original
7462:
7450:. Retrieved
7442:Bit-Tech.net
7441:
7431:
7414:
7384:. Retrieved
7375:
7365:
7354:the original
7341:
7330:. Retrieved
7321:
7312:
7301:. Retrieved
7292:
7283:
7272:. Retrieved
7258:
7247:. Retrieved
7238:
7229:
7218:. Retrieved
7206:
7193:
7182:. Retrieved
7171:
7161:
7150:. Retrieved
7141:
7132:
7121:. Retrieved
7112:
7103:
7092:. Retrieved
7083:
7074:
7063:. Retrieved
7045:
7034:. Retrieved
7028:
7019:
7001:
6991:. openSUSE.
6983:
6972:. Retrieved
6963:
6954:
6943:. Retrieved
6929:
6918:. Retrieved
6910:Phoronix.com
6909:
6899:
6886:
6876:
6865:. Retrieved
6861:
6852:
6841:. Retrieved
6832:
6823:
6812:. Retrieved
6803:
6794:
6783:. Retrieved
6774:
6765:
6754:. Retrieved
6743:
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6703:
6688:
6681:
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6659:
6644:
6637:
6612:
6597:
6588:
6579:
6567:. Retrieved
6558:
6548:
6530:
6519:. Retrieved
6504:
6493:. Retrieved
6465:. Retrieved
6461:the original
6454:
6444:
6426:
6412:
6400:. Retrieved
6391:
6381:
6369:. Retrieved
6361:engadget.com
6360:
6350:
6331:
6320:. Retrieved
6315:
6306:
6297:
6288:
6270:
6251:
6240:. Retrieved
6236:the original
6225:
6214:. Retrieved
6203:
6192:. Retrieved
6188:
6178:
6164:
6155:
6146:
6135:. Retrieved
6131:the original
6126:
6117:
6108:
6098:
6089:
6080:
6072:Ars Technica
6071:
6061:
6050:. Retrieved
6046:the original
6039:
6029:
6020:
6009:. Retrieved
5999:
5988:. Retrieved
5981:the original
5968:
5957:. Retrieved
5953:the original
5943:
5934:
5923:. Retrieved
5902:
5878:
5871:
5859:. Retrieved
5850:
5840:
5828:. Retrieved
5824:
5815:
5805:December 12,
5803:. Retrieved
5798:
5789:
5776:
5764:. Retrieved
5758:
5749:
5737:. Retrieved
5730:
5721:
5712:
5701:. Retrieved
5695:
5673:
5664:
5655:
5641:
5636:2,500,000÷79
5632:
5623:
5614:
5605:
5596:
5587:
5578:
5566:. Retrieved
5560:
5535:bit-tech.net
5534:
5511:
5499:. Retrieved
5493:
5470:December 11,
5468:. Retrieved
5464:
5455:
5443:. Retrieved
5434:
5424:
5413:. Retrieved
5409:the original
5399:
5387:. Retrieved
5383:the original
5373:
5361:. Retrieved
5351:
5339:. Retrieved
5330:
5320:
5306:
5292:
5278:
5266:. Retrieved
5251:
5239:. Retrieved
5220:
5209:. Retrieved
5203:. Innodisk.
5195:
5184:. Retrieved
5180:the original
5170:
5159:. Retrieved
5138:
5126:. Retrieved
5117:
5107:
5096:. Retrieved
5082:
5071:. Retrieved
5056:
5044:. Retrieved
5035:
5025:
5014:. Retrieved
5010:
5001:
4989:Tom's IT Pro
4988:
4978:
4966:. Retrieved
4959:the original
4942:
4931:. Retrieved
4922:
4912:
4904:the original
4894:
4886:the original
4876:
4865:. Retrieved
4861:the original
4851:
4840:. Retrieved
4836:the original
4831:
4822:
4811:. Retrieved
4807:the original
4797:
4785:. Retrieved
4765:
4754:. Retrieved
4735:
4717:
4700:
4688:. Retrieved
4679:
4669:
4652:
4634:
4626:the original
4616:
4605:. Retrieved
4570:
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4530:
4512:
4501:. Retrieved
4486:
4473:
4464:
4455:
4441:
4428:
4419:
4407:. Retrieved
4398:
4388:
4376:. Retrieved
4367:
4358:
4346:. Retrieved
4337:
4327:
4316:. Retrieved
4312:the original
4301:
4289:. Retrieved
4284:
4275:
4262:
4253:
4242:. Retrieved
4235:the original
4221:
4210:. Retrieved
4189:
4176:
4167:
4156:. Retrieved
4135:
4124:. Retrieved
4115:
4105:
4094:. Retrieved
4085:
4075:
4064:. Retrieved
4052:
4040:
4021:
4010:. Retrieved
3991:
3980:. Retrieved
3961:
3949:. Retrieved
3934:
3923:. Retrieved
3919:the original
3909:
3892:
3880:. Retrieved
3871:
3860:. Retrieved
3856:the original
3851:
3841:
3830:. Retrieved
3816:
3806:27 September
3804:. Retrieved
3800:Ars Technica
3798:
3788:
3780:the original
3771:
3762:
3751:. Retrieved
3736:
3717:
3711:
3700:. Retrieved
3690:
3679:. Retrieved
3665:
3645:
3638:
3627:. Retrieved
3623:
3614:
3603:. Retrieved
3599:
3587:
3577:February 13,
3575:. Retrieved
3564:
3555:
3545:
3519:. Retrieved
3515:the original
3510:
3482:
3473:
3468:
3459:
3450:
3441:
3432:
3397:
3386:. Retrieved
3382:the original
3372:
3361:
3351:
3333:
3319:
3307:. Retrieved
3303:
3294:
3283:. Retrieved
3274:
3262:. Retrieved
3257:
3248:
3236:. Retrieved
3231:
3222:
3212:November 25,
3210:. Retrieved
3203:
3194:
3180:
3151:. Retrieved
3137:
3125:. Retrieved
3110:
3099:. Retrieved
3079:
3067:. Retrieved
3058:
3049:
3036:
3026:
3014:. Retrieved
3010:the original
2999:
2987:. Retrieved
2973:
2961:. Retrieved
2952:
2942:
2931:. Retrieved
2924:the original
2911:
2902:
2893:
2884:
2875:
2866:
2856:
2847:
2838:
2829:
2820:
2808:. Retrieved
2794:
2777:
2771:
2759:. Retrieved
2725:
2718:
2707:. Retrieved
2677:. Retrieved
2670:the original
2632:. Retrieved
2625:the original
2608:
2596:. Retrieved
2587:
2577:
2363:
2351:
2330:ZFS on Linux
2308:
2299:
2291:
2283:
2271:
2251:
2228:
2223:
2219:
2216:
2209:
2196:
2188:Trim Enabler
2187:
2184:
2137:
2133:
2131:
2116:
2102:
2063:
2028:
2025:
2012:
1983:file systems
1980:
1966:
1962:
1949:
1941:
1906:
1874:
1871:Consumer use
1865:
1856:
1852:
1845:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1814:
1803:
1719:80 MB/s
1708:15 GB/s
1683:Improvement
1680:Developed to
1677:Started with
1658:
1639:
1603:
1580:
1572:
1545:
1483:
1475:
1471:thin clients
1455:Parallel ATA
1450:
1446:
1444:
1417:
1406:
1398:
1391:
1368:
1335:
1323:optical disc
1312:
1266:
1242:Parallel ATA
1189:
1177:
1169:
1165:
1157:
1153:
1145:
1141:
1133:
1113:
1104:
1096:
1083:
1074:
1070:interleaving
1067:
1050:
1042:
1032:Price ratio
1005:1 : 10
1002:1 : 10
966:Flash memory
955:
936:
932:
923:read disturb
874:
870:
846:
837:Fusion Drive
815:
793:
762:
742:write-locked
731:
724:hardware. A
719:
715:burst buffer
695:
692:Applications
672:
670:
654:
649:
647:
641:
637:
633:
626:
622:
616:
608:
599:CompactFlash
590:memory cards
587:
570:Memory cards
430:
426:
422:
407:
377:(NVMe) over
364:
322:
318:Fusion Drive
316:and Apple's
311:
301:
298:
276:
256:
241:
234:
223:
218:
214:
210:
207:persistently
194:
190:
188:
65:flash memory
9015:Electronics
8933:Serial port
8924:(IEEE 1394)
8901:DisplayPort
8891:Thunderbolt
8764:Motherboard
8727:Memory card
8695:Floppy disk
8537:Touchscreen
8311:Thunderbolt
8303:PCI Express
8248:PCI Express
8242:NVM Express
8157:Independent
8051:Controllers
7950:Memory wear
7792:25 November
7779:. Pearson.
7386:January 22,
6881:Tejun Heo.
6569:25 November
6402:25 November
6371:25 November
6212:. Techworld
5861:24 November
5799:sandisk.com
5582:15,000÷49.3
5128:24 November
5118:pcworld.com
5046:27 November
4690:28 November
4429:ExtremeTech
4409:27 November
4378:20 December
4053:seagate.com
4026:SLC and MLC
3882:25 February
3624:Samsung.com
3573:. Backblaze
3511:SanDisk.com
3309:29 November
2989:10 February
2830:Samsung.com
2634:October 25,
2598:14 December
2314:OpenSolaris
2163:loop device
2161:framework,
2090:NVM Express
1909:MacBook Air
1744:Access time
1725:190-to-one
1612:standards.
1423:add-in card
1420:PCI Express
1413:PCI Express
1342:MacBook Air
1278:NVM Express
1208:PCI Express
1027:1 : 5
1024:1 : 1
1016:1 : 4
1013:1 : 3
711:file system
588:While both
576:Memory card
379:PCI Express
375:NVM Express
361:XFM Express
286:SSDs using
53:A 2.5-inch
9037:Categories
9027:Technology
8680:Removable
8665:Sound card
8595:Sound chip
8590:Sound card
8580:Microphone
8470:components
8316:USB Type-C
8259:Serial ATA
8223:Interfaces
8189:PMC-Sierra
7905:Encryption
7820:", FAST'13
7759:2014-01-20
7730:2009-11-12
7560:2016-02-23
7504:2008-09-22
7479:2008-10-11
7332:2011-06-12
7303:2015-09-29
7274:2011-06-12
7249:2015-05-02
7220:2014-01-25
7184:2014-01-25
7152:2014-12-18
7123:2014-01-25
7094:2013-10-03
7065:2013-10-03
7036:2014-01-09
7030:kernel.org
6974:2012-05-06
6945:2012-05-06
6920:2014-06-29
6867:2013-12-12
6862:kernel.org
6843:2013-12-11
6833:debian.org
6814:2013-12-12
6785:2013-11-05
6756:2014-04-13
6745:kernel.org
6521:2013-12-09
6495:2009-10-21
6467:2007-06-28
6340:. IT PRO.
6322:2019-01-11
6242:2010-06-12
6216:2010-06-12
6194:2024-01-26
6156:Scan.co.uk
6137:2019-01-02
6052:2009-12-02
6041:Daily Tech
6011:2009-10-21
5990:2010-06-13
5959:2010-06-13
5925:2010-06-13
5703:2024-06-21
5415:2011-07-07
5211:2011-07-07
5186:2010-11-07
5161:2010-06-13
5098:2013-09-14
5073:2010-06-13
5016:2024-09-08
4933:2011-06-20
4882:"PATA SSD"
4867:2013-07-31
4842:2014-05-01
4832:pcisig.com
4813:2016-02-26
4756:2014-09-24
4607:2010-11-07
4503:2014-01-20
4334:"RAM SSDs"
4318:2010-08-14
4244:2010-06-19
4212:2010-06-18
4158:2010-06-20
4126:2011-06-19
4096:2017-05-06
4066:2015-09-26
4012:2013-10-03
3982:2013-10-03
3925:2009-10-21
3862:2010-04-09
3832:2010-11-07
3828:. SNIA.org
3772:Ramsan.com
3753:2013-12-02
3702:2012-05-06
3681:2012-05-06
3629:2020-06-13
3605:2020-06-13
3521:2020-10-08
3388:2011-07-14
3304:diffen.com
3285:2013-02-23
3101:2012-05-06
2933:2012-05-06
2709:2017-11-05
2569:References
2274:ReadyBoost
2261:ReadyBoost
2236:using the
2234:contiguous
2110:/etc/fstab
1952:April 2018
1817:STEC, Inc.
1761:US$ 50,000
1691:20 MB
1457:(PATA) or
1196:Serial ATA
1092:ULLtraDIMM
891:Encryption
867:Controller
853:NAND flash
807:ReadyDrive
781:write-back
410:benchmarks
394:See also:
293:NAND flash
273:Attributes
226:NAND flash
148:As of 2024
143:45 MB
122:Conceived:
55:Serial ATA
8943:PS/2 port
8938:Game port
8851:Fax modem
8690:Disk pack
8542:Trackball
8505:Light pen
8127:SandForce
8076:Fusion-io
7627:Microsoft
7419:Microsoft
7322:MacRumors
7293:MacRumors
7207:kernel.dk
6727:DIGITIMES
6090:SlashGear
5668:0.5÷0.013
5659:0.5÷0.045
5627:15,200÷80
5231:Softpedia
5201:"SATADOM"
4746:AnandTech
4710:help page
4662:help page
4580:help page
4348:14 August
3902:help page
3059:SSD Guide
3016:25 August
2590:. ZDNet.
2563:RAM drive
2268:Windows 7
2259:includes
2142:Fusion-io
1981:The same
1913:Ultrabook
1878:XO Laptop
1821:M-Systems
1736:2,500,000
1674:Parameter
1564:drive bay
1556:mini-DIMM
1552:mini PCIe
1427:heat sink
1255:Parallel
1148:SLC cache
1101:3D XPoint
880:Bad block
785:HighPoint
418:seek time
288:3D XPoint
230:3D XPoint
170:mSATA SSD
153:Capacity:
140:Capacity:
99:Capacity:
63:Usage of
8922:FireWire
8915:Obsolete
8881:Ethernet
8660:Speakers
8558:Keyboard
8532:Touchpad
8467:computer
8423:Category
8394:T10/SCSI
8174:Maxiotek
8134:SK Hynix
8104:Indilinx
8016:SK Hynix
7753:Archived
7682:12 March
7676:Archived
7652:9 August
7631:Archived
7585:Archived
7554:Archived
7534:9 August
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