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as the pad was being renovated to be able to support Zenit reconnaissance satellite launches, so all R-7 vehicle launches from
Baikonur during this time took place from LC-31. The pad sustained some damage during a Zenit launch on May 20 due to wind blowing around the rocket's exhaust flames and burning through cabling but repairs were quickly completed. Further delays occurred when problems were found with the spacecraft's electrical system. There was also a fault with the propellant feed system on the Blok I stage of the booster--this issue had occurred on several Zenit launches but to date not a Soyuz launch. The booster was rolled out to the pad and erected on June 1 and prelaunch preparations went smoothly. Liftoff took place at 11:00 PM Moscow time and the spacecraft was inserted into a 136x128 mile (219x206 km) orbit. The cosmonauts fired the Soyuz's engine to enter an orbit of 132x167 miles (214x269 km). Once this had been accomplished, the Soviet state media officially announced the mission and described it as a "long duration flight" although the specific duration was not mentioned. Another engine burn the night of June 2 placed Soyuz 9 in a 165x153 mile (266x247 km) orbit at a 51° inclination which was considered stable enough to last for the length of the mission.
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seemed to present a minor problem for the two cosmonauts. They required help exiting the descent module and were virtually unable to walk for a few days. Nonetheless, this experience proved the importance of providing crews with exercise equipment during missions. After landing the crew spent 2 weeks
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Soyuz 9 was planned to be the first manned Soviet space mission launched during nighttime hours and it had been hoped to launch it on April 22 to commemorate the centennial of Lenin's birth but the mission took two more months to be ready. LC-1 was off-line for a year from
October 1969 to October '70
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1.d4 d5 2.c4 dxc4 3.e3 e5 4.Bxc4 exd4 5.exd4 Nc6 6.Be3 Bd6 7.Nc3 Nf6 8.Nf3 0-0 9.0-0 Bg4 10.h3 Bf5 11.Nh4 Qd7 12.Qf3 Ne7 13.g4 Bg6 14.Rae1 Kh8 15.Bg5 Neg8 16.Ng2 Rae8 17.Be3 Bb4 18.a3 Bxc3 19.bxc3 Be4 20.Qg3 c6 21.f3 Bd5 22.Bd3 b5 23.Qh4 g6 24.Nf4 Bc4 25.Bxc4 bxc4 26.Bd2 Rxe1 27.Rxe1 Nd5 28.g5 Qd6
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The flight was primarily a preparatory run for the planned long duration space station missions. It tested, for a longer period of time than any other, the capacity of the hardware and the human crew, on the long-term exposure to space conditions and observing (both visually and photographically)
1068:, with the two cosmonauts playing as White and jointly deciding each move, while the two players on Earth did likewise as Black. The set used aboard Soyuz 9 had pegs and grooves to keep the pieces in place and did not include magnets, which might have interfered with the spacecraft's systems.
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June 16 marked fifteen days in orbit and there were concerns about the spacecraft's orbit decaying too much by June 20 thus an engine burn would have to be conducted on June 18 to raise the orbit, but medical director E. Vorobiev argued that an extra day of flight was not necessary for medical
738:, played chess with ground control, and voted in a Soviet election. The mission set a new space endurance record and marked a shift in emphasis away from spacefarers merely being able to exist in space for the duration of a long mission (such as the
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Efforts were made to make the accommodations inside Soyuz 9 comfortable for the cosmonauts' lengthy mission. They had sleeping bags inside the orbital module and a heater to prepare food with. They watched broadcasts of the
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data-gathering purposes and it would be better to land while the Soyuz still had adequate propellant reserves. Ultimately it was decided to go for the original 18 day flight plan if the propellant supply could hold out.
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flights to the Moon) to being able to live in space. The mission took an unexpected physical toll on the cosmonauts; in order to conserve attitude control gas during the lengthy stay in orbit, Soyuz 9 was placed in a
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concurrently with Expo 2020). However, it is unclear whether the set was used on either mission. Soyuz 3 had a single crew member, and was a failed docking attempt with the uncrewed
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on themselves, but also investigating the social implications of prolonged spaceflight. The cosmonauts spent time in two-way TV links with their families, watched matches in the
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on TV. A rudimentary exercise regimen was carried out so as to keep them in shape over the mission although this would prove less effective than hoped.
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spacecraft, as well as the first crewed space launch to be conducted at night. In 1970, Soyuz 9 marks the longest crewed flight by a solo spacecraft.
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Although the Soyuz 9 game is the first documented chess game played in space, some sources have indicated that this was not the first time
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ensued. At 35. Qxf6+, Black responded with the final move 35... Kg8 (the only legal move), moving the king to the
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Sevastyanov was a chess enthusiast and after retiring from the cosmonaut corps served as president of the
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Andriyan
Nikolayev and Vitaly Sevastyanov on the 1971 commemorative stamp "424 Hours On Earth's Orbit" of
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could do in orbit, individually and as a team. It was also the last flight of the first-generation
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Payloads are separated by bullets ( · ), launches by pipes ( | ). Crewed flights are indicated in
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This article is about a 1970 spaceflight. For the mission identified by NASA as ISS Soyuz 9, see
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Commander
Nikolayev and flight engineer Sevastyanov spent 18 days in space conducting various
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29.Nxd5 cxd5 30.Bf4 Qd8 31.Be5+ f6 32.gxf6 Nxf6 33.Bxf6+ Rxf6 34.Re8+ Qxe8 35.Qxf6+ Kg8
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De-orbit and landing took place June 19, at about 75 kilometers (46 miles) west of
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horizon. The orbital elements were refined to three decimal places by the crew.
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1060:. It was the first documented game played by humans while in space. It was a
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in Dubai, a chess set was exhibited which was said to have been flown aboard
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1511:"Space (Soyuz-9) - Earth (Control Center) [D20], Radio Match 1970"
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g8. In the final position each side had a queen and five pawns, with no
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in a quarantine unit originally designed for cosmonauts returning from
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Nikolayev and
Sevastyanov vs. Kamanin and Gorbatko, Space/Earth 1970
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3825:. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are denoted in (brackets).
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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mode that made
Nikolayev and Sevastyanov dizzy and space sick.
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evenly throughout the game. Toward the end of the game White
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against a pair of opponents on Earth: head of cosmonauts
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During the mission, the two cosmonauts played a game of
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broke the five-year-old space endurance record held by
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1087:Black four times, and rapid exchange of remaining
462:missions, investigating the effects of long-term
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1409:"Soyuz-9 embarks on a record-breaking mission"
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3821:. Uncatalogued launch failures are listed in
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1146:The spacecraft soft-landed in the steppes of
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1282:Soyuz-9 embarks on a record-breaking mission
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1339:. Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from
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1597:List of Russian human spaceflight missions
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1397:Mir Hardware Heritage – 1.7.3 (wikisource)
1110:Black: N. Kamanin and V. Gorbatko (Earth)
466:on crew, and evaluating the work that the
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1592:List of Soviet human spaceflight missions
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443:crewed space flight. The two-man crew of
108:17 days, 16 hours, 58 minutes, 55 seconds
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1261:, boarding Soyuz 4 for return to Earth.
1102:White: A. Nikolayev and V. Sevastyanov (
2990:The † sign designates failed missions.
1529:"Soyuz 9 Cosmonauts vs. Ground Control"
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1433:. Springer-Praxis. pp. 179–181.
1032:Final position, following 35... Kg8.
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676:. The crew conducted observations of
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399:Vimpel Diamond for entrainment patch
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2980:Uncrewed missions are designated as
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1431:Soviet and Russian Lunar Exploration
16:Crewed flight of the Soyuz programme
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1459:The Even More Complete Chess Addict
13:
3858:Spacecraft which reentered in 1970
1457:Fox, Mike; James, Richard (1993).
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1099:. The game concluded as a draw.
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1207:Timeline of longest spaceflights
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1461:. Faber and Faber. p. 97.
1366:"Trajectory: Soyuz 9 1970-041A"
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759:6,460 kg (14,240 lb)
696:to measure its relation to the
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2994:designates cancelled missions.
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1227:a chess set was flown in space
765:207.0 km (128.6 mi)
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1:
1645:Cosmonaut ranks and positions
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1243:2021 World Chess Championship
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771:220.0 km (136.7 mi)
1305:"Display: Soyuz 9 1970-041A"
511:Second and last spaceflight
7:
3853:Spacecraft launched in 1970
1287:, accessed 27 December 2022
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1165:Soviet crewed lunar program
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1138:from 1977-86 and 1988-89.
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156:Experimental Design Bureau
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1255:first-ever crew transfer
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1079:kingside. Material was
1043:to describe chess moves.
1285:www.russianspaceweb.com
1136:Soviet Chess Federation
1113:Queen's Gambit Accepted
1073:Queen's Gambit Accepted
477:
1587:List of Soyuz missions
1488:"Chess in outer space"
1429:Harvey, Brian (2007).
732:biomedical experiments
249:1 June 1970, 19:00:00
3843:Crewed Soyuz missions
1613:Soyuz (rocket family)
1241:. (Dubai hosted the
1056:and fellow cosmonaut
329:Reference system
129:Spacecraft properties
3040:Orbital launches in
1788:Zond lunar programme
1665:(by spacecraft type)
1253:and carried out the
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1071:The game began as a
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439:) was a June, 1970,
65:Soviet space program
1623:Baikonur Cosmodrome
1368:. NASA. 14 May 2020
1343:on 4 September 2003
1307:. NASA. 14 May 2020
1199:Soviet Union portal
736:1970 FIFA World Cup
597:
567:Anatoly Filipchenko
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483:
30:
2895:(uncrewed landing)
2102:(uncrewed landing)
1618:Soyuz (spacecraft)
1185:Spaceflight portal
1041:algebraic notation
1039:This section uses
751:Mission parameters
745:spin-stabilisation
692:, and then used a
684:, by locking onto
662:weather formations
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530:First spaceflight
527:Vitaly Sevastyanov
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449:Vitaly Sevastyanov
445:Andriyan Nikolayev
324:Orbital parameters
208:Vitaly Sevastyanov
204:Andriyan Nikolayev
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3101:Australis-OSCAR 5
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2904:(uncrewed launch)
2117:(uncrewed launch)
1928:Soyuz 7K-LOK No.1
1903:Soyuz 7K-L1E No.1
1640:Soyuz abort modes
1509:Schipkov, Boris.
1064:consultation game
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508:Andrian Nikolayev
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137:Soyuz 7K-OK No.17
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3442:Intelsat III F-8
3267:Dong Fang Hong 1
3257:Intelsat III F-7
3071:Intelsat III F-6
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1498:. 13 April 2020.
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350:Perigee altitude
333:Geocentric orbit
241:Start of mission
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113:Orbits completed
105:Mission duration
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3398:Molniya-1 No.21
3140:Molniya-1 No.17
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2943:Future missions
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1576:Soyuz programme
1573:
1543:
1542:
1527:
1526:
1522:
1507:
1503:
1486:
1485:
1476:
1469:
1455:
1448:
1441:
1427:
1416:
1407:
1406:
1402:
1395:
1391:
1379:
1371:
1369:
1364:
1363:
1356:
1346:
1344:
1337:"Baikonur LC31"
1335:
1334:
1330:
1318:
1310:
1308:
1303:
1302:
1291:
1280:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1265:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1197:
1192:
1190:
1183:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1144:
1132:
1126:
1125:9/10 June 1970
1122:
1111:
1107:
1104:Low Earth orbit
1067:
1058:Viktor Gorbatko
1054:Nikolai Kamanin
1046:
1045:
1044:
1035:
1034:
1033:
937:
936:
929:
922:
915:
908:
901:
894:
887:
880:
873:
866:
859:
852:
845:
835:
794:
790:
753:
682:astronavigation
649:
631:
614:
594:
576:
559:
539:
529:
519:
510:
500:
480:
418:
417:
411:
404:
402:Soyuz programme
398:
360:Apogee altitude
343:Low Earth orbit
206:
142:Spacecraft type
81:
76:
44:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3871:
3861:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3828:
3827:
3816:
3813:
3812:
3810:
3809:
3804:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3623:Meteor-M No.16
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3526:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3388:Meteor-M No.17
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3358:
3353:
3346:
3343:DS-P1-Yu No.36
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3115:
3110:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3057:
3054:
3053:
3047:
3032:
3029:
3028:
3021:
3014:
3006:
2997:
2996:
2979:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2972:
2971:
2970:
2962:
2961:
2960:
2955:
2946:
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2925:
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2906:
2897:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2777:
2775:
2774:(2016–present)
2768:
2767:
2765:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
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2297:
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2276:
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2266:
2261:
2252:
2247:
2240:
2238:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2227:
2221:
2215:
2209:
2207:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2196:
2191:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2162:
2160:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2110:
2104:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2059:
2054:
2048:
2043:
2034:
2029:
2023:
2018:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1976:
1974:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1963:
1957:
1950:
1948:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1937:
1931:
1924:
1922:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1911:
1906:
1899:
1897:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1886:
1879:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1856:
1850:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1828:
1822:
1817:
1811:
1805:
1799:
1793:
1791:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1699:
1694:
1685:
1678:
1676:
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1660:
1659:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1647:
1642:
1637:
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1635:
1630:
1620:
1615:
1609:
1607:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1572:
1571:
1564:
1557:
1549:
1541:
1540:
1534:Chessgames.com
1520:
1501:
1474:
1467:
1446:
1440:978-0387218960
1439:
1414:
1400:
1389:
1354:
1328:
1289:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1217:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1209:
1203:
1202:
1188:
1172:
1169:
1161:immune systems
1143:
1140:
1101:
1038:
1037:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
997:
994:
990:
989:
986:
982:
981:
978:
974:
973:
970:
966:
965:
962:
958:
957:
954:
950:
949:
946:
942:
941:
938:
930:
923:
916:
909:
902:
895:
888:
881:
874:
867:
860:
853:
846:
839:
833:
831:
827:
826:
824:
821:
818:
815:
812:
809:
806:
803:
800:
795:
792:
791:
789:
786:
785:
784:
778:
772:
766:
760:
752:
749:
710:1970 World Cup
680:and practiced
666:water surfaces
648:
645:
642:
641:
629:
625:
624:
622:Vasily Lazarev
612:
608:
607:
604:
593:
590:
587:
586:
584:Georgy Grechko
574:
570:
569:
557:
553:
552:
549:
538:
535:
532:
531:
517:
513:
512:
498:
494:
493:
490:
479:
476:
464:weightlessness
420:
419:
412:
406:
405:
400:
390:
389:
386:
385:
382:
376:
375:
372:
366:
365:
362:
356:
355:
352:
346:
345:
340:
336:
335:
330:
326:
325:
321:
320:
317:
316:
313:
312:
303:
299:
298:
295:
291:
290:
289:End of mission
286:
285:
282:
281:
278:
277:
268:
264:
263:
258:
254:
253:
247:
243:
242:
238:
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233:
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215:
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201:
197:
196:
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98:
89:
88:
74:
68:
67:
62:
58:
57:
54:
50:
49:
46:
45:
39:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3870:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3840:
3838:
3824:
3820:
3814:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3802:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
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3721:
3719:
3716:
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3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3683:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3618:Interkosmos 4
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3568:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3531:
3527:
3525:
3524:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3452:Interkosmos 3
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3432:
3431:Zenit-4 No.75
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3415:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3363:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3351:
3347:
3345:
3344:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3242:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3120:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3108:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3058:
3055:
3050:
3046:
3035:
3027:
3022:
3020:
3015:
3013:
3008:
3007:
3004:
2993:
2987:
2983:
2977:
2969:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2941:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2920:
2910:
2907:
2901:
2898:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2769:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2667:Soyuz TMA-01M
2665:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2655:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
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2540:
2538:
2535:
2531:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2343:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2232:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2201:
2195:
2192:
2188:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2154:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1968:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1942:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1916:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1891:
1885:
1884:
1880:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1783:
1779:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
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1663:Past missions
1661:
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1515:Chess Siberia
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1468:9780571170401
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1385:public domain
1367:
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1325:
1324:public domain
1306:
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1157:Moon landings
1153:
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1139:
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1131:
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1105:
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1098:
1094:
1093:flight square
1090:
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783:88.59 minutes
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728:physiological
724:
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469:
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461:
460:space station
458:
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450:
446:
442:
438:
430:
426:
416: →
415:
410:
407:←
403:
396:
391:
387:
384:88.59 minutes
383:
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32:
26:
22:
3822:
3818:
3801:DS-P1-M No.1
3799:
3722:
3565:
3528:
3521:
3507:Transit O-19
3429:
3412:
3360:
3349:
3348:
3341:
3317:Meteor No.13
3239:
3180:Meteor No.14
3119:E-8-5 No.405
3117:
3107:DS-P1-I No.6
3105:
2991:
2985:
2981:
2187:Apollo–Soyuz
1945:Soyuz 7K-OKS
1919:Soyuz 7K-LOK
1894:Soyuz 7K-L1E
1881:
1874:
1771:
1532:
1523:
1514:
1504:
1491:
1458:
1430:
1403:
1392:
1370:. Retrieved
1345:. Retrieved
1341:the original
1331:
1309:. Retrieved
1284:
1277:
1226:
1221:
1145:
1133:
1116:
1097:passed pawns
1070:
1047:
780:
775:Inclination:
774:
768:
762:
756:
725:
718:
714:
706:
702:
658:geographical
650:
592:Reserve crew
436:
424:
423:
302:Landing site
294:Landing date
171:Landing mass
152:Manufacturer
53:Mission type
42:Soviet Union
25:
2984:instead of
2781:Soyuz MS-01
2660:(2010–2016)
2658:Soyuz-TMA-M
2543:Soyuz TMA-1
2536:(2002–2012)
2348:(1986–2002)
2244:Kosmos 1001
2237:(1978–1986)
2206:(1974–1976)
2159:(1974–1976)
2157:Soyuz 7K-TM
1973:(1972–1981)
1921:(1971–1972)
1896:(1969–1970)
1784:(1967–1970)
1782:Soyuz 7K-L1
1675:(1966–1970)
1673:Soyuz 7K-OK
1606:Main topics
537:Backup crew
472:Soyuz 7K-OK
370:Inclination
267:Launch site
246:Launch date
228:– "Falcon")
163:Launch mass
146:Soyuz 7K-OK
56:Test flight
21:Soyuz TMA-5
3837:Categories
3795:Kosmos 389
3790:Kosmos 388
3785:Kosmos 387
3780:Kosmos 386
3770:Kosmos 385
3750:Nauka No.2
3745:Kosmos 384
3740:Kosmos 383
3735:Kosmos 382
3730:Kosmos 381
3713:Kosmos 380
3708:Kosmos 379
3693:Kosmos 378
3688:Kosmos 377
3682:Lunokhod 1
3658:Kosmos 376
3653:Kosmos 375
3643:Kosmos 374
3633:Kosmos 373
3628:Kosmos 372
3613:Kosmos 371
3608:Kosmos 370
3603:Kosmos 369
3598:Nauka No.3
3593:Kosmos 368
3588:Kosmos 367
3583:Kosmos 366
3573:Kosmos 365
3561:Kosmos 364
3556:Kosmos 363
3551:Kosmos 362
3541:Kosmos 361
3512:Kosmos 360
3497:Kosmos 359
3492:Kosmos 359
3487:Kosmos 358
3482:Kosmos 357
3462:Kosmos 356
3457:Kosmos 355
3447:Kosmos 354
3425:Kosmos 353
3420:Kosmos 352
3408:Kosmos 351
3403:Kosmos 350
3378:Kosmos 349
3373:Kosmos 348
3368:Kosmos 347
3356:Kosmos 346
3327:Kosmos 345
3322:Kosmos 344
3312:Kosmos 343
3307:Kosmos 342
3302:Kosmos 341
3297:Kosmos 340
3292:Kosmos 339
3287:Kosmos 338
3282:Kosmos 337
3277:Kosmos 336
3272:Kosmos 335
3262:Kosmos 334
3247:Kosmos 333
3235:Kosmos 332
3220:Kosmos 331
3205:Kosmos 330
3200:Kosmos 329
3195:Kosmos 328
3185:Kosmos 327
3175:Kosmos 326
3150:Kosmos 325
3145:Kosmos 324
3125:Kosmos 323
3091:Kosmos 322
3086:Kosmos 321
3081:Kosmos 320
3076:Kosmos 319
3061:Kosmos 318
2851:(uncrewed)
2359:(uncrewed)
2355:Soyuz TM-1
2259:(uncrewed)
2213:Kosmos 670
2204:Soyuz 7K-S
2166:Kosmos 638
2041:(uncrewed)
2005:Kosmos 656
1995:Kosmos 613
1980:Kosmos 496
1971:Soyuz 7K-T
1909:Kosmos 382
1808:Zond 1967A
1797:Kosmos 146
1737:(uncrewed)
1708:Kosmos 186
1697:Kosmos 140
1692:(uncrewed)
1682:Kosmos 133
1372:18 October
1311:18 October
1269:References
1229:. During
1148:Kazakhstan
788:Chess game
674:ice covers
654:geological
611:Commander
606:Cosmonaut
556:Commander
551:Cosmonaut
497:Commander
492:Cosmonaut
468:cosmonauts
310:Kazakhstan
134:Spacecraft
3819:underline
3477:Skynet 1B
3241:Apollo 13
2534:Soyuz-TMA
2255:Soyuz T-1
1633:Site 31/6
1231:Expo 2020
1081:exchanged
721:Karaganda
660:objects,
275:Site 31/6
192:Crew size
78:1970-041A
72:COSPAR ID
3703:OPS 6829
3698:OPS 4992
3663:OPS 5960
3648:OPS 7568
3536:OPS 0203
3517:OPS 7329
3502:OPS 8329
3472:OPS 7874
3467:Venera 7
3437:OPS 4324
3393:OPS 6820
3383:OPS 5346
3337:OPS 8520
3332:OPS 4720
3252:OPS 2863
3230:OPS 7044
3225:OPS 7033
3210:Nimbus 4
3160:OPS 3402
3155:OPS 0440
3135:OPS 0054
3066:OPS 6531
2772:Soyuz MS
2346:Soyuz-TM
2176:Soyuz 16
2010:Soyuz 14
2000:Soyuz 13
1990:Soyuz 12
1954:Soyuz 10
1853:Zond-M 1
1628:Site 1/5
1492:fide.com
1171:See also
1077:castling
763:Perigee:
602:Position
547:Position
488:Position
453:Gemini 7
414:Soyuz 10
364:220.0 km
354:207.0 km
271:Baikonur
214:Callsign
166:6460 kg
61:Operator
3823:italics
3678:Luna 17
3546:Luna 16
3414:Unnamed
3350:Soyuz 9
3190:NATO 2A
2992:Italics
2762:TMA-20M
2757:TMA-19M
2752:TMA-18M
2747:TMA-17M
2742:TMA-16M
2737:TMA-15M
2732:TMA-14M
2727:TMA-13M
2722:TMA-12M
2717:TMA-11M
2712:TMA-10M
2707:TMA-09M
2702:TMA-08M
2697:TMA-07M
2692:TMA-06M
2687:TMA-05M
2682:TMA-04M
2677:TMA-03M
2672:TMA-02M
2235:Soyuz-T
1733:Soyuz 2
1702:Soyuz 1
1347:4 March
1251:Soyuz 5
1247:Soyuz 2
1239:Soyuz 4
1235:Soyuz 3
1115:(QGA) (
1085:checked
781:Period:
769:Apogee:
694:sextant
690:Canopus
647:Mission
437:Union 9
429:Russian
425:Soyuz 9
409:Soyuz 8
306:Steppes
200:Members
174:1200 kg
158:(OKB-1)
93:SATCAT
29:Soyuz 9
3755:NOAA-1
3638:Zond 8
3215:Topo-1
3130:Ohsumi
3113:SERT-2
3096:ITOS-1
3049:1971 →
3034:← 1969
2982:Kosmos
2902:
2893:
2849:
2648:TMA-22
2643:TMA-21
2638:TMA-20
2633:TMA-19
2628:TMA-18
2623:TMA-17
2618:TMA-16
2613:TMA-15
2608:TMA-14
2603:TMA-13
2598:TMA-12
2593:TMA-11
2588:TMA-10
2357:
2257:
2183:
2115:
2100:
2039:
1947:(1971)
1865:Zond 7
1820:Zond 4
1735:
1465:
1437:
1142:Return
1123:
1121:D20),
1108:
1089:pieces
777:51.70°
740:Apollo
668:, and
457:Salyut
441:Soviet
433:Союз 9
380:Period
374:51.70°
339:Regime
257:Rocket
3775:Peole
3765:Uhuru
3724:OAO-B
3567:MS-F1
3362:STV-3
2986:Soyuz
2968:MS-29
2964:2026
2958:MS-28
2953:MS-27
2949:2025
2934:MS-26
2929:MS-25
2909:MS-24
2900:MS-23
2891:MS-22
2886:MS-21
2881:MS-20
2876:MS-19
2871:MS-18
2866:MS-17
2861:MS-16
2856:MS-15
2847:MS-14
2842:MS-13
2837:MS-12
2832:MS-11
2826:MS-10
2821:MS-09
2816:MS-08
2811:MS-07
2806:MS-06
2801:MS-05
2796:MS-04
2791:MS-03
2786:MS-02
2583:TMA-9
2578:TMA-8
2573:TMA-7
2568:TMA-6
2563:TMA-5
2558:TMA-4
2553:TMA-3
2548:TMA-2
2524:TM-34
2519:TM-33
2514:TM-32
2509:TM-31
2504:TM-30
2499:TM-29
2494:TM-28
2489:TM-27
2484:TM-26
2479:TM-25
2474:TM-24
2469:TM-23
2464:TM-22
2459:TM-21
2454:TM-20
2449:TM-19
2444:TM-18
2439:TM-17
2434:TM-16
2429:TM-15
2424:TM-14
2419:TM-13
2414:TM-12
2409:TM-11
2404:TM-10
2305:T-10a
1847:1969A
1831:1968B
1825:1968A
1814:1967B
1213:Notes
1050:chess
757:Mass:
698:Earth
261:Soyuz
225:Sokol
219:Сокол
100:04407
3760:CEPI
3673:RM-1
3523:Orba
3170:Mika
3165:Wika
3042:1970
2399:TM-9
2394:TM-8
2389:TM-7
2384:TM-6
2379:TM-5
2374:TM-4
2369:TM-3
2364:TM-2
2336:T-15
2331:T-14
2326:T-13
2321:T-12
2316:T-11
2311:T-10
2250:1074
1934:No.2
1496:FIDE
1463:ISBN
1435:ISBN
1374:2020
1349:2009
1313:2020
1257:via
1237:and
730:and
686:Vega
672:and
670:snow
656:and
478:Crew
447:and
187:Crew
3668:OFO
3530:X-2
2300:T-9
2294:T-8
2289:T-7
2284:T-6
2279:T-5
2274:T-4
2269:T-3
2264:T-2
2224:869
2218:772
2171:672
2026:18a
1985:573
1859:M 2
1802:154
1728:238
1723:213
1718:212
1713:188
1259:EVA
1130:½–½
1118:ECO
688:or
308:in
251:GMT
116:288
95:no.
3839::
2194:22
2181:19
2147:40
2142:39
2137:38
2132:37
2127:36
2122:35
2113:34
2107:33
2098:32
2093:31
2088:30
2083:29
2078:28
2073:27
2068:26
2062:25
2057:24
2051:23
2046:21
2037:20
2032:18
2021:17
2015:15
1960:11
1883:10
1690:†
1531:.
1513:.
1494:.
1490:.
1477:^
1449:^
1417:^
1357:^
1292:^
1106:)
664:,
435:,
431::
273:,
3684:)
3680:(
3025:e
3018:t
3011:v
2828:†
2307:†
2296:†
2246:†
2226:†
2220:†
2189:)
2185:(
2109:†
2064:†
2053:†
2028:†
2017:†
1962:†
1956:†
1936:†
1930:†
1905:†
1876:9
1870:8
1861:†
1855:†
1849:†
1842:6
1837:5
1833:†
1827:†
1816:†
1810:†
1804:†
1790:)
1786:(
1772:9
1767:8
1762:7
1757:6
1752:5
1747:4
1742:3
1704:†
1684:†
1568:e
1561:t
1554:v
1537:.
1517:.
1471:.
1443:.
1411:.
1387:.
1376:.
1351:.
1326:.
1315:.
1024:h
1021:g
1018:f
1015:e
1012:d
1009:c
1006:b
1003:a
996:1
993:1
988:2
985:2
980:3
977:3
972:4
969:4
964:5
961:5
956:6
953:6
948:7
945:7
940:8
830:8
823:h
820:g
817:f
814:e
811:d
808:c
805:b
802:a
427:(
222:(
195:2
23:.
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