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51:. The English and Viennese square pianos were built in many different designs, including within the action as well as general appearance, from roughly 1760. Because of the competitive industry and relative youth of the instrument design itself, experimentation ensued in the early years, creating a range of moderators (sound-altering effects) and other technical devices (knee levers; hand stops) not seen today.
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73:, meaning that higher string tensions and therefore greater volumes were possible; however the size increases meant that the upright piano design was more economical, and so the upright replaced the square as the most common home instrument. Built in quantity through the 1890s in the United States,
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celebrated iron-framed, overstrung square grands were more than two and a half times the size of Zumpe's wood-framed instruments that were successful a century before. Whilst many view square pianos as a 'proto-piano', because they do not have the range, volume or delicacy of touch available on
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predominated, with changes to their internal mechanisms and construction that produced larger sounds and used higher string tensions. Square pianos were the most popular keyboard instrument of the late 18th century, and the later square grand pianos enjoyed great popularity through the mid- and
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late-19th century. They were gradually replaced by upright pianos, which had a smaller footprint and larger sound. Square pianos were owned by everyone from George
Washington and Thomas Jefferson to Marie Antoinette and Jane Austen.
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modern instruments, they have a sound and playability all their own, and should be treated as an altogether different instrument to the modern piano.
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set in the long side, with the sounding board above a cavity in the short side. It is variously attributed to
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that has horizontal strings arranged diagonally across the rectangular case above the hammers and with the
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Over time, square pianos were built in larger sizes with more keys and a wider range; by the 1830s,
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American single action with overdamper, c. 1870 (developed from
Petzold, 1809)
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In London, the explosion of the trade is generally attributed to the maker
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A searchable, interactive database of over 9000 pianos built before 1860.
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In the 1860s, more extensive metal frames were developed for square
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Square grand piano (though this example is not exactly rectangular)
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Erard double pilot action, 1790 "Zumpe's second action" c. 1788
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English double action with check, c. 1830 (developed from
328:. Acton, Australia: Australia National University Press.
252:. Acton, Australia: Australia National University Press.
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The First Fleet Piano: Volume One: A Musician's View
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The First Fleet Piano: Volume One: A Musician's View
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128:Swedish painting of woman playing a square piano.
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380:The Square Piano (Virtual Piano Museum)
192:Square piano C. Oehler Stuttgart, 1870s
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230:which has many original square pianos.
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43:and Frederici and was improved by
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385:Square piano examples and history
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116:Square grand piano with open lid
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324:Lancaster, Geoffrey (2015).
248:Lancaster, Geoffrey (2015).
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375:History of the square piano
350:Mr. Langshaw's Square Piano
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274:"Marie Antoinette's Piano"
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168:Zumpe single action, 1766
222:, a collection of early
390:Lucy Coad Square Pianos
353:, BlueBridge, 280 pages
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300:"Jane Austen's Piano"
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415:Keyboard instruments
395:Wessex Square Pianos
278:The Cobbe Collection
224:keyboard instruments
23:A square grand piano
369:Early Pianos Online
63:square grand pianos
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16:Musical instrument
364:The English Piano
347:Goold, Madeline,
304:Jane Austen World
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212:Music portal
71:grand pianos
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29:square piano
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404:Categories
235:References
220:Finchcocks
75:Steinway's
41:Silbermann
309:16 March
283:16 March
198:See also
37:keyboard
82:Gallery
49:Babcock
45:Petzold
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144:, 1786
410:Piano
56:Zumpe
33:piano
330:ISBN
311:2018
285:2018
254:ISBN
228:Kent
142:Geib
47:and
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