479:– the fourth state. It is neither wakefulness, dreaming, nor deep sleep. In reality, it exists in the junction between any of these three states, i.e. between waking and dreaming, between dreaming and deep sleep, and between deep sleep and waking. In Kashmir Shaivism there exists a fifth state of consciousness called Turiyatita -
193:
They consider the fourth quarter as perceiving neither what is inside nor what is outside, nor even both together; not as a mass of perception, neither as perceiving nor as not perceiving; as unseen; as beyond the reach of ordinary transaction; as ungraspable; as without distinguishing marks; as
151:
6.19. Now, it has elsewhere been said: 'Verily, when a knower has restrained his mind from the external, and the breathing spirit (prāṇa) has put to rest objects of sense, there-upon let him continue void of conceptions. Since the living individual
156:) who is named "breathing spirit" has arisen here from what is not breathing spirit, therefore, verily, let the breathing spirit restrain his breathing spirit in what is called the fourth condition (tiwya)' For thus has it been said:-
540:
becomes permanently established in the seventh turiya stage it is described to span not only the internal subjective world anymore but beyond that also the whole external objective world (unimīlanā samādhi).
335:
18 If anyone imagines illusory ideas such as the teacher, the taught and the scriptures, then they will disappear. These ideas are for the purpose of instruction. Duality ceases to exist when
Reality is
714:, p. 98) According to Comans, "It is impossible to see how the unequivocal teaching of a permanent, underlying reality, which is explicitly called the "Self", could show early Mahayana influence."
140:, Prajapati declares in verse 12 to Indra that the mortal body is the abode of the "immortal and non-bodily self," which is the perceiver, the one who perceives due to the faculties of the senses.
194:
unthinkable; as indescribable; as one whose essence is the perception of itself alone; as the cessation of the visible world; as tranquil; as auspicious; as without a second. That is the self (
325:
14 The first two, Visva and
Taijasa, are associated with dreaming and sleep respectively; Prajna, with Sleep bereft of dreams. Knowers of Brahman see neither sleep nor dreams in Turiya.
331:
17 If the phenomenal universe were real, then certainly it would disappear. The universe of duality which is cognized is mere illusion (maya); Non—duality alone is the
Supreme Reality.
684:दर्शतं पदं परोरजा य एष तपति यद्वै चतुर्थं तत्तुरीयम् दर्शतं पदमिति ददृश इव ह्येष परोरजा इति सर्वमु ह्येवैष रज उपर्युपरि तपत्य् एव हैव श्रिया यशसा तपति योऽस्या एतदेवं पदं वेद ॥ ३ ॥
136:, the immortal perceiver, and Prajapati, their teacher. After rejecting the physical body, the dream self, and the dreamless sleep (in which there is no perception of "I am") as
315:
10 Turiya, the changeless Ruler, is capable of destroying all miseries. All other entities being unreal, the non—dual Turiya alone is known as effulgent and all—pervading.
116:). 'Vivid foot'- for the sunblazes beyond the entire expanse of the sky. A man who knows this foot of the Gayatri in this way will likewise blaze with splendour and fame.
759:, page 63: "The Buddhist schools reject any Ātman concept. As we have already observed, this is the basic and ineradicable distinction between Hinduism and Buddhism".
63:) beyond the three common states of consciousness (waking, dreaming, and dreamless deep sleep). It is postulated in several Upanishads and explicated in Gaudapada's
323:
13 Non—cognition of duality is common to both Prajna and Turiya. But Prajna is associated with sleep in the form of cause and this sleep does not exist in Turiya.
359:
Isaeva notes that the
Mandukya Upanishad asserts that "the world of individual souls and external objects is just a projection of one indivisible consciousness (
680:): प्राणोऽपानो व्यान इत्यष्टावक्षराणि अष्टाक्षर ह वा एकं गायत्र्यै पदम् एतदु हैवास्या एतत् स यावदिदं प्राणि तावद्ध जयति योऽस्या एतदेवं पदं वेद अथास्या एतदेव
327:
15 Dreaming is the wrong cognition and sleep the non—cognition, of
Reality. When the erroneous knowledge in these two is destroyed, Turiya is realized.
1034:
Comans, Michael (2000). "The Method of Early
Advaita Vedānta: A Study of Gauḍapāda, Śaṅkara, Sureśvara, and Padmapāda". Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.
748:
is central to
Brahmanical thought). Expressed very briefly, this is the doctrine that human beings have no soul, no self, no unchanging essence."
363:)," which is "identical with the eternal and immutable atman of the Upanisads in contrast to momentary vijnana taught by the Buddhist schools."
329:
16 When the jiva, asleep under the influence of beginningless maya, is awakened, it then realizes birthless, sleepless and dreamless Non—duality.
319:
11 Visva and
Taijasa are conditioned by cause and effect. Prajna is conditioned by cause alone. Neither cause nor effect exists in Turiya.
344:), corresponds to silence, as the other three correspond to AUM. It is the substratum of the other three states. It is, states Nakamura,
1345:
224:
According to Ellen
Goldberg, this fourth quarter describes a state of meditation; the insight during meditation of Turiya is known as
744:, page 64: "Central to Buddhist soteriology is the doctrine of not-self (Pali: anattā, Sanskrit: anātman, the opposed doctrine of
391:
The first state is that of waking consciousness, in which we are aware of our daily world. "It is described as outward-knowing (
210:
of
Mahayana Buddhism," stating that "here can be no suggestion that the teaching about the underlying Self as contained in the
1388:
1309:
1281:
1188:
1166:
1116:
1079:
189:), or "the fourth quarter," the first, second and third quarter being situated in the waking, dreaming and dreamless state:
736:
Steven Collins (1994), Religion and Practical Reason (Editors: Frank Reynolds, David Tracy), State Univ of New York Press,
1225:
756:
741:
321:
12 Prajna does not know anything of self or non—self, of truth or untruth. But Turiya is ever existent and all—seeing.
1260:
1207:
657:
461:
Turiya is liberation, the autonomous realization of the non-causal Brahman beyond and underlying these three states.
86:
as 'the fourth' is referred to in a number of principal Upanishads. One of the earliest mentions of the phrase
1236:
The Advaita Tradition in Indian Philosophy: A Study of Advaita in Buddhism, Vedanta and Kashmira Shaivism
751:
John C. Plott et al (2000), Global History of Philosophy: The Axial Age, Volume 1, Motilal Banarsidass,
348:(absolute emptiness). For Gaudapada, turiya is the "true 'state' of experience," in which the infinite (
132:. These verses of the Chandogya Upanishad set out a dialogue between Indra and Virocana, in search of
1052:
1403:
697:, pp. 32–33): "We can see that this story is an anticipation of the Mandukya doctrine, (...)"
215:
91:
214:
contains shows any trace of Buddhist thought, as this teaching can be traced to the pre-Buddhist
108:) vivid foot of the Gayatri, which is none other than the sun blazing beyond the sky. The term
1271:
1069:
1039:
285:. Gaudapada was influenced by Buddhism, though he was a Vedantin and not a Buddhist. In the
1393:
1200:
Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies: Advaita Vedānta up to Śaṃkara and his pupils, Volume 3
635:
202:
Michael Comans disagrees with Nakamura's suggestion that "the concept of the fourth realm (
433:. In this state, the underlying ground of consciousness is undistracted. "he Lord of all (
8:
1398:
623:
121:
1367:
745:
1333:
593:
372:
228:, the 'immeasurable' or 'measureless' in the Mandukya Upanishad, being synonymous with
182:
1305:
1277:
1256:
1221:
1203:
1184:
1162:
1112:
1075:
752:
737:
48:
1176:
1154:
723:
Nakamura notes that there are contradictions in doctrine between the four chapters.
470:
144:
38:
1129:
Early Advaita Vedanta and Buddhism: The Mahayana Context of the Gaudapadiya-Karika
1370:‘Om’ – three states and one reality (An interpretation of the Mandukya Upanishad)
652:
561:
266:
262:
241:
65:
484:
647:
556:
96:
31:
147:(late 1st millennium BCE) in sections 6.19 (in the context of yoga) and 7.11:
1382:
618:
576:
503:
286:
280:
274:
267:
100:, the first, second and third foot being the 24 syllables of this mantra:
598:
588:
454:
423:
376:
502:
an extended model of seven consecutive stages of turiya is presented by
499:
488:
430:
292:
78:
23:
1071:
The Disinterested Witness: A Fragment of Advaita Vedānta Phenomenology
571:
537:
533:
970:
603:
566:
532:
While turiya stages 1 - 6 are attributed to the "internal subjective
300:
252:
169:
7.11: He who sees with the eye, and he who moves in dreams,
27:
371:
Adi Shankara described, on the basis of the ideas propounded in the
710:, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1983, p.34, note 37, referred to in (
608:
296:
160:
That which is non-thought, which stands in the midst of thought,
1147:
Mandukyopanishad with Gaudapada's Karika and Sankara's Commentary
613:
419:
308:
229:
22:
This article is about consciousness. For the old chess game, see
773:
311:. Gaudapada's commentary on verse 7 of the Mandukya Upanishad:
677:
492:
833:
171:
He who is deep asleep, and he who is beyond the deep sleeper —
487:
is the state where one attains liberation otherwise known as
407:
304:
934:
273:, a commentary on the Māṇḍukya Upanishad, also known as the
128:, 'anticipate' the Mandukya Upanishad and it's treatment of
258:
94:(7th-6th century BCE), referring to a 'fourth foot' of the
982:
924:
922:
894:
892:
797:
1244:
The Yoga of Kashmir Shaivism: Consciousness Is Everything
994:
958:
850:
848:
1246:. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited.
909:
907:
1140:, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited
919:
889:
867:
865:
863:
1006:
877:
845:
1111:. Albany: State University of New York Press (SUNY).
904:
785:
1348:
Sleep as a State of Consciousness in Advaita Vedånta
946:
860:
51:: तुरीय, meaning "the fourth"), also referred to as
16:
Hindu philosophical term for the perceiving self as
166:And the subtle body (linga), too, without support.
120:According to Raju, chapter 8.7 through 8.12 of the
821:
809:
449:), the origin and dissolution of created things (
1380:
1138:A History of Early Vedanta Philosophy. Part Two
173:These are a person's four distinct conditions.
124:(7th-6th century BCE) , though not mentioning
1241:
185:(1st-2nd century CE) refers to "the fourth" (
1144:
375:, the three states of consciousness, namely
1062:Ardhanarishvara: The Lord who is Half Woman
1334:Mandukya Upanishad with Gaudapada's Karika
198:), and is that which should be perceived.
1269:
1175:
1153:
1135:
1059:
1000:
928:
898:
883:
854:
803:
791:
475:Kashmir Shaivism holds the state called
177:Of these the fourth (turya) is greater .
1123:Some editions spell the author Isayeva.
1097:
988:
779:
164:Thereon let one concentrate his thought
1381:
1290:
1253:A Critical Survey of Indian Philosophy
1250:
1197:
1106:
1033:
976:
952:
913:
871:
711:
410:. "It is described as inward-knowing (
257:Gaudapada (ca. 7th century), an early
90:, "fourth," is in verse 5.14.3 of the
1363:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1302:Kashmir Shaivism - The Secret Supreme
1299:
1233:
1067:
1012:
964:
708:A History of Early Vedanta Philosophy
1350:. State University of New York Press
1215:
1126:
1088:
940:
839:
827:
815:
694:
483:Turiyatita, also called the void or
265:, was the author or compiler of the
162:The unthinkable, supreme mystery! —
143:The phrase "turiya" also appears in
1220:, State University New York Press,
1218:Structural Depths of Indian Thought
1149:. Mysore: Shri Ramakrishna Ashrama.
464:
13:
1354:
1336:, translated by Swami Nikhilananda
235:
14:
1415:
1273:Historical Dictionary of Hinduism
1091:The Thirteen Principal Upanishads
1074:. Northwestern University Press.
658:Acceptance and commitment therapy
112:means the same thing as 'fourth'(
1102:, Motilal Banarsidass Publishers
1100:Consciousness in Advaita Vedānta
1098:Indisch, William Martin (2000),
429:The third state is the state of
406:The second state is that of the
206:) was perhaps influenced by the
30:. For the river in Ukraine, see
26:. For the four-player game, see
1339:
1327:
979:, pp. 128–131, 5–8, 30–37.
726:
717:
700:
366:
1255:. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.
1202:, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass,
1109:Shankara and Indian Philosophy
687:
670:
1:
1300:Raina, Lakshman Joo. (1985).
1242:Shankarananda, Swami (2006).
767:
72:
1389:Hindu philosophical concepts
1304:. USA: Lakshmanjoo Academy.
1145:Nikhilananda, Swami (1974).
1089:Hume, Robert Ernest (1921),
246:
7:
1270:Sullivan, Bruce M. (1997).
1234:Sarma, Chandradhar (1996),
1183:. Oxford University Press.
1161:. Oxford University Press.
544:
536:" (nimīlanā samādhi), once
506:. These stages are called:
451:prabhav-apyayau hi bhutanam
403:)". This is the gross body.
287:
281:
275:
268:
104:Then there is that fourth (
10:
1420:
1021:
842:, p. 392 footnote 11.
782:, pp. 58–67, 106–108.
468:
250:
239:
76:
21:
1198:Potter, Karl. H. (1981),
1136:Nakamura, Hajime (2004),
1093:, Oxford University Press
441:), the inner controller (
1295:, Shambhala Publications
1107:Isaeva, Natalia (1993).
1060:Goldberg, Ellen (2002),
664:
481:the state beyond Turiya.
92:Brihadaranyaka Upanishad
943:, p. 300 note 140.
291:, Gaudapada deals with
1127:King, Richard (1995),
1047:Cite journal requires
445:), the source of all (
437:), the knower of all (
338:
200:
179:
118:
352:) and non-different (
313:
232:in Yoga terminology.
191:
149:
102:
1291:Wilber, Ken (2000),
1068:Gupta, Bina (1998).
967:, pp. 126, 146.
636:Choiceless awareness
59:, is the true self (
1293:Integral Psychology
1251:Sharma, C. (1997).
1216:Raju, P.T. (1985),
991:, pp. 106–108.
806:, pp. 171–175.
624:Two truths doctrine
383:), and deep sleep (
356:) are apprehended.
340:The fourth state, (
122:Chandogya Upanishad
594:Dhyana in Buddhism
504:Swami Lakshman Joo
373:Mandukya Upanishad
183:Mandukya Upanishad
1311:978-0-9837833-3-6
1283:978-0-8108-3327-2
1190:978-0-19-954025-9
1177:Olivelle, Patrick
1168:978-0-19-283576-5
1155:Olivelle, Patrick
1118:978-0-7914-1281-7
1081:978-0-8101-1565-1
1015:, pp. 26–30.
1003:, pp. 59–60.
399:) and universal (
1411:
1373:
1368:advaita.org.uk,
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471:Kashmir Shaivism
465:Kashmir Shaivism
453:)". This is the
422:)". This is the
418:), and burning (
377:waking (jågrata)
346:atyanta-shunyata
290:
284:
278:
276:Gauḍapāda Kārikā
271:
145:Maitri Upanishad
39:Hindu philosophy
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1404:Advaita Vedanta
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562:Rasa (theology)
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288:Māṇḍukya Kārikā
269:Māṇḍukya Kārikā
263:Advaita Vedanta
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242:Advaita Vedanta
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236:Advaita Vedanta
181:Verse 7 of the
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81:
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66:Mandukya Karika
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989:Indisch (2000)
981:
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933:
931:, p. 285.
918:
916:, p. 105.
903:
901:, p. 308.
888:
876:
859:
857:, p. 289.
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832:
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820:
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808:
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469:Main article:
466:
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459:
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447:yonih sarvasya
427:
404:
393:bahish-prajnya
368:
365:
354:advaita/abheda
342:turīya avasthā
251:Main article:
248:
245:
240:Main article:
237:
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97:Gayatri Mantra
77:Main article:
74:
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32:Turiya (river)
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1276:. Scarecrow.
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899:Nakamura 2004
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855:Olivelle 2008
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841:
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804:Olivelle 2008
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1321:Web-sources
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953:Isaeva 1993
914:Potter 1981
872:Comans 2000
840:Hume (1921)
828:Hume (1921)
816:Hume (1921)
712:Comans 2000
599:Shikan-taza
589:Mindfulness
528:Jagadānanda
519:Brahmānanda
455:causal body
424:subtle body
414:), subtle (
401:vaishvanara
279:and as the
1399:Nonduality
1383:Categories
965:Sarma 1996
768:References
678:Wikisource
676:Sanskrit (
630:Cross-over
525:Chidānanda
500:Tantraloka
489:jivanmukti
443:antar-yami
439:sarva-jnya
431:deep sleep
416:pravivikta
395:), gross (
293:perception
79:Upanishads
73:Upanishads
24:chaturanga
1181:Upaniṣads
1159:Upaniṣads
941:King 1995
732:See also:
695:Raju 1985
604:Mahamudra
567:Rasa lila
522:Mahānanda
516:Parānanda
513:Nirānanda
510:Nijānanda
301:causality
253:Gaudapada
247:Gaudapada
219:Upanishad
57:chaturtha
53:chaturiya
28:chaturaji
1179:(2008).
1157:(1998).
609:Dzogchen
583:Buddhism
551:Hinduism
545:See also
297:idealism
212:Mandukya
204:caturtha
187:caturtha
114:caturtha
49:Sanskrit
1022:Sources
642:Therapy
614:Sunyata
572:Samādhi
538:samādhi
534:samādhi
420:taijasa
385:susupti
309:reality
230:samādhi
208:Sunyata
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682:तुरीयं
493:moksha
485:shunya
397:sthula
381:svapna
350:ananta
336:known.
307:, and
226:amātra
130:turiya
126:turiya
110:turiya
106:turiya
88:turiya
84:Turiya
44:turiya
746:ātman
665:Notes
477:turya
361:citta
305:truth
196:atman
138:atman
134:atman
61:atman
18:atman
1306:ISBN
1278:ISBN
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1222:ISBN
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1163:ISBN
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1076:ISBN
1053:help
753:ISBN
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154:jīva
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