669:
1233:
412:
432:
657:
690:
809:
40:
424:
210:
937:
202:
194:
440:
581:, which dive-bombed and fatally damaged three of the four Japanese carriers about one hour after the first TBD torpedo attacks had developed. While the Devastators faced the stiff defenses of the carriers and their fighters, their attacks served to distract the Japanese attention from the Dauntless dive bombers' strikes, resulting in relatively lighter resistance from the IJN carriers' defensive fighter patrols, and more effective American attacks that crippled the IJN carrier forces.
272:" landing. A crew of three was normally carried beneath a large "greenhouse" canopy almost half the length of the aircraft. The pilot sat in front; a rear gunner/radio operator took the rearmost position, while the bombardier occupied the middle seat. During a bombing run, the bombardier lay prone, sliding into position under the pilot to sight through a window in the bottom of the fuselage, using the
824:. Note that these aircraft exist in varying degrees of intactness due to circumstances of their loss and subsequent saltwater corrosion. For example, the pair at Jaluit, a shallow warm-water atoll, have reef creatures growing on their exteriors; several of those lost at Coral Sea have broken wings and fuselages due to avgas explosions and their free-fall to the deep sea floor.
545:
The
Devastator proved to be a death trap for its crews: slow and hardly maneuverable, with poor armor for the era; its speed on a glide-bombing approach was a mere 200 mph (320 km/h), making it easy prey for fighters and defensive guns alike. The aerial torpedo could not even be released at
533:
ordered a strike on the enemy carriers immediately after they were discovered, rather than spending time assembling a well-coordinated attack involving the different types of aircraft – fighters, bombers, torpedo planes – reasoning that attacking the
Japanese would prevent a counterstrike against the
593:
and VT-7 remained in service briefly in the
Atlantic and in training squadrons until 1944. Many were relegated to training duties for pilots and mechanics or were destroyed following use as instructional airframes for firefighting training. By late 1944, no TBD Devastators were left in the US Navy
325:
The XTBD had a flat canopy that was replaced on production models by a higher, domed canopy with a rollover bar. Other than requests by test pilots to improve pilot visibility, the prototype easily passed its acceptance trials that ran from 24 April to 24 November 1935 at NAS (Naval Air
Station)
290:
in the fuselage. Alternatively, three 500 lb (230 kg) general-purpose bombs (one under each wing root and one inside the fuselage), or twelve 100 lb (45 kg) fragmentation bombs (six under each wing root), could be carried. This weapons load would often be used when attacking
565:
Nonetheless, their sacrifice was not completely in vain, as several TBDs managed to get within a few ship-lengths range of their targets before dropping their torpedoes, being close enough to be able to strafe the enemy ships and force the
Japanese carriers to take sharp evasive maneuvers. By
622:
and defending fighters, plus the inexperience of
American pilots and lack of coordinated fighter cover, as well as serious defects in US torpedoes which were not discovered and corrected until the fall of 1943. It took growing American air superiority, improved attack coordination, and more
816:
No TBD’s survive in museums or private collections, nor are there any currently under restoration. However, below are eleven underwater aircraft that are known to exist and are the closest to a complete airframe. An expedition has been proposed to recover several TBDs from the wreck of the
605:
In fairness to the
Devastator, the newer TBF Avengers were similarly ineffective in 1942, losing five out of six aircraft without scoring a hit during the Battle of Midway. The Avengers' only successes in 1942 would be against the light carrier
893:
at 3,000 meters (about two miles) below the surface, resting on the floor of the Coral Sea more than 500 miles off the eastern coast of
Australia. Near the wreck were the remains of seven Devastators, as well as an F4F-3 Wildcat. An attempt by
509:
at this point. Many were seen to hit the target yet failed to explode; there was also a tendency to run deeper than the set depth. It took over a year for the defects to be corrected. These problems were not fixed by the time of the
602:; the last TBD in the US Navy was used by the Commander of Fleet Air Activities-West Coast. When his TBD was scrapped in November 1944, there were no more. None survived the war and there are none known to exist on dry land today.
390:
starting in 1937. Even prewar, TBD units were being shifted to training duties with at least one aircraft being converted to target tug duty. By 1940, the US Navy was aware that the TBD had become outclassed and a replacement, the
176:
in which 41 Devastators recorded zero torpedo hits with only six surviving to return to their carriers. Although much of the
Devastator's dismal performance was later attributed to the many well-documented defects in the US
1927:
570:, they prevented any Japanese counter-attacks against the American carriers, just as Spruance had anticipated. These windows of opportunity were exploited by the late-arriving Douglas SBD Dauntless dive bombers led by
546:
speeds above 115 mph (185 km/h). Torpedo delivery requires a long, straight-line attack run, making the aircraft vulnerable, and the slow speed of the aircraft made them easy targets for the
3591:
1288:
161:. Ordered in 1934, it first flew in 1935 and entered service in 1937. At that point, it was the most advanced aircraft flying for the Navy; however, by the time of the
3634:
668:
340:
for carrier certification. The extended service trials continued until 1937 with the first two production aircraft retained by the company exclusively for testing.
268:. A semi-retractable landing gear was fitted, with the wheels protruding 10 in (250 mm) below the wings to potentially limit damage to the aircraft in a "
399:. Attrition had by then reduced their numbers to just over 100 aircraft. When the US Navy assigned popular names to its aircraft in late 1941, the TBD became the
2314:
618:. In the initial part of the Pacific War, the poor performance of US torpedo bombers was due to the vulnerability of that type in general against fire from
735:
729:
707:
260:
The XTBD Devastator flew for the first time on 15 April 1935 while marking a number of "firsts" for the US Navy. It was the first
American carrier-based
221:
competition for new bombers to operate from its aircraft carriers. Other aircraft also ordered for production as a result of the competition included the
2365:
1209:
depicts a real-life story of the survival of a Devastator's crew after it had to ditch due to running out of fuel. The crew survived 34 days adrift.
264:
to be widely used, the first all-metal naval aircraft, the first with a completely enclosed cockpit, the first with power-actuated (hydraulically)
623:
experienced pilots, before the Avengers were able to successfully accomplish their roles in subsequent battles against Japanese surface forces.
3150:
1293:
1884:
1232:
3629:
1812:
1722:
1792:
2309:
1842:
1658:
2329:
303:
for the rear gunner. Fitted in the starboard side of the cowling was either a .30 in (7.62 mm) or .50 in (12.7 mm)
595:
411:
3644:
589:
The Navy immediately withdrew the 39 remaining TBDs from frontline units after the debacle at Midway. The surviving Devastators in
2358:
771:
765:
759:
1024:
1010:
777:
2109:
The Encyclopedia of the World's Combat Aircraft: A Technical Directory of Major Warplanes from World War 1 to the Present Day.
3649:
2025:
2010:
1770:
1567:
322:. Other changes from the 1935 prototype included a revised engine cowling and a raised cockpit canopy to improve visibility.
607:
571:
491:
331:
497:
3197:
1864:
1224:, using his plane's seat cushion to conceal himself from the Japanese as he watched the SBDs bomb the IJN Carrier force.
431:
3143:
2474:
2351:
2295:
2280:
2265:
2243:
2228:
2213:
2198:
2183:
2168:
2153:
2138:
2116:
2101:
2086:
2071:
2049:
1995:
656:
2478:
1283:
458:
In the early days of the Pacific war, the TBD acquitted itself well during February and March 1942, with TBDs from
327:
1913:
3624:
1193:
17:
3136:
898:
to recover at least four of the wrecks, including the Devastator, is currently underway as of January 2023.
3461:
3279:
3243:
2952:
1928:"'They don't exist – except this one' | USS Midway's newest addition is one-of-a-kind military plane"
1322:
1168:
3163:
1108:
785:
300:
3639:
3541:
3505:
3112:
3107:
2967:
2757:
517:
At Midway, a total of 41 Devastators, the majority of the type still operational, were launched from
319:
311:
566:
obliging the Japanese to keep their flight decks clear and to continually cycle and reinforce their
3410:
3215:
2905:
2374:
1892:
613:
86:
3128:
529:
to attack the Japanese fleet. The sorties were not well coordinated, in part because Rear Admiral
3423:
3297:
2606:
2601:
2525:
1114:
619:
487:
304:
169:
1816:
1719:
3340:
3044:
3012:
2930:
2925:
2885:
2611:
2540:
2465:
1789:
226:
162:
81:
2319:
1836:
1655:
334:
bases. After successfully completing torpedo drop tests, the prototype was transferred to the
3533:
3523:
3102:
3029:
3002:
2974:
2957:
2935:
2880:
2849:
2530:
2520:
2510:
2460:
2445:
2419:
2414:
2404:
1187:
673:
355:
344:
234:
45:
3363:
3117:
3017:
2591:
2535:
2483:
2450:
871:
818:
808:
361:
335:
287:
8:
3487:
3451:
3441:
2895:
2586:
2545:
2470:
547:
530:
392:
379:
348:
182:
257:
were also tendered to the specification but were not developed beyond prototype status.
181:, the aircraft was withdrawn from frontline service after Midway, being replaced by the
3381:
3159:
2783:
2736:
2670:
2660:
2653:
2638:
2515:
2440:
2409:
2399:
1743:
1183:
1163:
921:
911:
716:
used 71 Devastators between October 1937 and June 1942. They starred in the 1941 movie
702:
218:
158:
96:
1334:
In 1939, the first production TBD was test flown with floats at Newport, Rhode Island.
39:
3261:
2890:
2665:
2633:
2628:
2581:
2571:
2291:
2276:
2261:
2239:
2224:
2209:
2194:
2179:
2164:
2149:
2134:
2112:
2097:
2082:
2067:
2045:
2033:
2021:
2006:
1991:
1563:
1221:
907:
850:
723:
713:
590:
567:
542:
lost contact with their escort and started their attacks without fighter protection.
448:
385:
373:
423:
279:
The normal TBD offensive armament consisted of either a 1,935 lb (878 kg)
3469:
2324:
1261:
1251:
1068:
716 mi (622 nmi; 1,152 km) with 1,000 lb (450 kg) of bombs
895:
680:
574:
511:
296:
273:
242:
238:
217:
The Douglas XTBD-1 was ordered on 30 June 1934 after being one of the winners of a
209:
173:
2249:
Tillman, Barrett. "Go in and get a hit!: The Navy's last combat torpedo bombers."
1767:
3515:
2987:
2804:
1868:
1846:
1796:
1774:
1726:
1662:
1557:
1256:
1246:
1205:
1131:
1054:
506:
454:, 4 June 1942. The twin .30 caliber machine guns in the rear were unique to VT-8.
444:
367:
292:
280:
201:
193:
178:
936:
641:
Production variant powered by an 850 hp (630 kW) R-1830-64, 129 built.
3479:
3389:
3060:
3039:
2621:
2338:
2146:
U.S. Navy and Marine Aircraft of World War II, Part 1: Dive and Torpedo Bombers
1266:
1172:
439:
283:
154:
66:
1861:
1591:
1510:
3618:
3446:
3086:
3007:
2962:
2940:
2741:
2726:
2711:
2643:
2596:
2576:
2566:
2561:
2394:
1885:"Wreck of Aircraft Carrier USS Lexington Located in Coral Sea After 76 Years"
1592:"USS Enterprise CV-6: The Most Decorated Ship of the Second World War, p. 3."
1511:"USS Enterprise CV-6: The Most Decorated Ship of the Second World War, p. 2."
1014:
695:
471:
315:
269:
265:
230:
2343:
3570:
3233:
3034:
3022:
2997:
2992:
2980:
2947:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2900:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2767:
2731:
2721:
2716:
2706:
2500:
2455:
2435:
1686:
1271:
1180:
396:
254:
246:
222:
2206:
When Hollywood Ruled the Skies: The Aviation Film Classics of World War II
1186:
aircraft featuring the TBD Devastator, and scenes on the aircraft carrier
3348:
3330:
3305:
3269:
3228:
3081:
3076:
2799:
2762:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2675:
2648:
2616:
2495:
2389:
1813:""To save a Devastator: TBD Devastator Jaluit Lagoon Survey 2004, p. 2.""
1176:
1041:
206 mph (332 km/h, 179 kn) at 8,000 ft (2,400 m)
467:
416:
635:
Prototype powered by an 800 hp (600 kW) XR-1830-60, one built.
3599:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3287:
3251:
3223:
3205:
2490:
1720:"To save a Devastator: TBD Devastator Jaluit Lagoon Survey 2004, p. 2."
882:
578:
483:
395:, was in the works, but it was not yet operational when the US entered
250:
2122:
Hardwick, Jack and Ed Schnepf. "A Viewer's Guide to Aviation Movies".
299:
in 1942. Defensive armament consisted of a .30 in (7.62 mm)
3353:
3325:
3187:
1197:
917:
886:
261:
2059:. Leatherhead, Surrey, UK: Profile Publications Ltd., 1967. No ISBN.
168:
The Devastator performed well early in the war, most notably in the
3371:
3158:
2018:
A Glorious Page in Our History: The Battle of Midway, 4–6 June 1942
599:
2191:
Douglas TBD Devastator – SBD Dauntless (Wydawnictwo Militaria 119)
1559:
Carnage and Culture: Landmark Battles in the Rise to Western Power
920:
following the conclusion of filming and will become an exhibit on
3562:
3433:
347:(BuAer) purchased 129 examples, and began to equip the carriers
3497:
3179:
1216:
featured the Devastator, most notably the disastrous attack by
762:
used three Devastators between December 1940 and December 1941.
753:
726:
used nine Devastators between December 1941 and September 1942.
2258:
TBD Devastator Units of the U.S. Navy, Combat Aircraft Vol. 20
2176:
The Hamlyn Concise Guide to American Aircraft of World War II.
2020:. Missoula, MT: Pictorial Histories Publishing Company, 1990.
756:
used three Devastators between December 1941 and January 1942.
172:, but earned infamy for a catastrophic performance during the
2003:
The Quiet Warrior: A Biography of Admiral Raymond A. Spruance
910:
acquired a 1:1 scale replica used in the World War II movie,
790:
403:, although its nickname "torpecker" was still commonly used.
318:, a development of the prototype's 800 hp (600 kW)
2193:(in Polish). Warszawa, Poland: Wydawnictwo Militaria, 2000.
2096:. Simi Valley, California: Ginter Publishing Company, 2006.
2037:, March 1990, Vol 38 No 2. pp. 148–156. ISSN 0306-5634.
1914:"Attempt to recover four WWII aircraft from Pacific sea bed"
2290:(The Aviation Factfile). Kent, UK: Grange Books plc, 2004.
2094:
Douglas TBD-1 Devastator, Naval Fighters Number Seventy-one
2081:. Carrollton, TX: Squadron/Signal Publications Inc., 1987.
2066:. Carrollton, TX: Squadron/Signal Publications Inc., 1992.
1990:. Carrollton, TX: Squadron/Signal Publications Inc., 1989.
1289:
List of United States Navy aircraft designations (pre-1962)
1217:
1119:
1 × 0.30 in (7.62 mm) machine gun in rear cockpit
768:
used eight Devastators between December 1940 and June 1942.
747:
741:
2057:
The Douglas TBD Devastator, Aircraft in Profile Number 171
435:
A TBD-1 from VT-3 en route to the Japanese fleet at Midway
2221:
Shattered Sword: The Untold Story of the Battle of Midway
750:
used 23 Devastators between September 1941 and June 1942.
594:
inventory. The original prototype finished its career at
27:
US Navy carrier-based torpedo bomber in service 1937-1942
797:, from 26 March 1941 till 5 June 1941, loaned from VT-3.
732:
used 57 Devastators between February 1938 and June 1942.
710:
used 58 Devastators between December 1937 and May 1942.
466:
attacking targets in the Marshall and Gilbert Islands,
1639:
961:
3: (Pilot, Torpedo Officer/Navigator, Radioman/Gunner)
744:
used 5 Devastators between January 1942 and July 1942.
490:
Devastators helped sink the Japanese aircraft carrier
2236:
Combat Aircraft of the World from 1909 to the Present
2208:. Hawthorne, California: Aero Associates Inc., 1984.
1410:
1408:
780:
used a single Devastator from January until May 1940.
738:
used 62 Devastators between April 1938 and June 1942.
2148:. Northbrook, Illinois: Revell-Monogram, LLC, 2003.
2275:St. Paul, Minnesota: MBI Publishing Company, 2001.
1241:
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
1405:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1384:
1382:
1380:
3635:World War II torpedo bombers of the United States
2005:. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1987.
496:on 7 May, but failed to hit another carrier, the
3616:
1623:
1621:
1115:0.50 in (12.7 mm) Browning machine gun
1109:0.30 in (7.62 mm) Browning machine gun
427:TBDs from VT-5 over the Huon Gulf, 10 March 1942
197:The XTBD-1 with the original flat canopy in 1935
44:US Navy TBD-1 Torpedo Squadron Six (VT-6), from
1391:
1377:
310:The powerplant was a 850 hp (630 kW)
286:or a 1,000 lb (450 kg) bomb carried
2163:. St. Paul, MN: MBI Publishing Company, 2001.
2064:SB2U Vindicator in action, Aircraft Number 122
1606:Parshall and Tully 2005, pp. 215–216, 226–227.
1528:
1294:List of military aircraft of the United States
1157:
3144:
2373:
2359:
2031:"Devastator...The Not-so-Devastating TDB-1".
1941:"Devastator...The Not-so-Devastating TBD-1".
1934:
1768:"Holy Grail of Warbirds Found off San Diego."
1763:
1761:
1618:
1480:
1471:
1236:A VT-6 TBD dropping a torpedo in October 1941
1053:435 mi (700 km, 378 nmi) with
2234:Taylor, John W.R. "Douglas TBD Devastator".
2219:Parshall, Jonathan B. and Anthony P. Tully.
1988:TBD Devastator in Action, Aircraft Number 97
2331:Navy Plane Folds Wings As It Taxies On Deck
2286:Winchester, Jim. "Douglas TBD Devastator."
2273:U.S. Navy Dive and Torpedo Bombers of WWII.
1790:"TBD Devastator Jaluit Lagoon Survey 2004."
1361:
1359:
867:, Pacific Ocean, Mission Beach, California.
3151:
3137:
2366:
2352:
2161:U.S. Navy Dive and Torpedo Bombers of WWII
2131:Douglas TBD-1 "Devastator", Aero Series 23
2126:, General Aviation Series, Volume 2, 1989.
1758:
233:, the last of which would evolve into the
2335:article has very rare photos of prototype
2174:Mondey, David. "Douglas TBD Devastator."
2079:U.S. Navy Carrier Bombers of World War II
1744:"USS Lexington Aircraft Recovery Project"
1680:
1492:
1047:128 mph (206 km/h, 111 kn)
947:Devastator...The Not-so-Devastating TBD-1
931:
812:TBD Devastators of VT-2 in flight c. 1938
213:A single TBD-1A was tried as a floatplane
188:
2339:Douglas TBD-1 Devastator Production List
2133:. Fallbrook, CA: Aero Publishers, 1973.
1840:page at the "Douglas TBD-1 #0353 wreck."
1356:
1231:
935:
807:
667:
655:
447:, Horace F. Dobbs CRMP) taking off from
438:
430:
422:
410:
208:
200:
192:
2271:Tillman, Barrett and Robert L. Lawson.
2260:. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing, 2000.
2223:. Washington, DC: Potomac Books, 2005.
2111:New York: Chartwell Books, Inc., 1976.
1506:
1504:
1011:Pratt & Whitney R-1830-64 Twin Wasp
940:Douglas TBD-1 Devastator 3-view drawing
320:Pratt & Whitney XR-1830-60/R-1830-1
14:
3617:
3561:
3166:torpedo aircraft designations pre-1962
2238:. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1969.
2124:The Making of the Great Aviation Films
1713:
1555:
1534:Parshall and Tulley 2005, pp. 206–215.
1220:, including its only survivor, Ensign
406:
3132:
2347:
1964:Hardwick and Schnepf 1989, pp. 57–58.
1551:
1549:
1139:1 × 1,000 lb (450 kg) bomb
889:team discovered the wreck of the USS
803:
2159:Lawson, Robert and Barrett Tillman.
1562:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group.
1501:
1145:2 × 500 lb (230 kg) bombs
647:One TBD-1 modified with twin floats.
3630:1930s United States bomber aircraft
3590:
1862:"Accident Report, TBD-1 BuNo.0377."
1556:Hanson, Victor Davis (2007-12-18).
1151:12 × 100 lb (45 kg) bombs
973:50 ft 0 in (15.24 m)
967:35 ft 0 in (10.67 m)
828:TBD-1, Bureau Numbers 0298 and 1515
24:
2129:Jackson, B.R. and Thomas E. Doll.
1546:
979:15 ft 1 in (4.60 m)
774:used two Devastators in June 1941.
205:The first production TBD-1 in 1937
25:
3661:
2303:
1741:
985:422 sq ft (39.2 m)
853:, Atlantic Ocean, Miami, Florida.
562:, without scoring a torpedo hit.
550:. Only four TBDs made it back to
1525:Cressman et al. 1990, pp. 84–89.
1284:List of aircraft of World War II
843:Jaluit Lagoon, Marshall Islands.
793:used a single Devastator, BuNo.
688:
505:Faults were discovered with the
165:, the TBD was already outdated.
38:
3645:Single-engined tractor aircraft
1979:
1967:
1958:
1949:
1920:
1906:
1877:
1855:
1852:, 1998. Retrieved: 7 June 2010.
1830:
1805:
1783:
1735:
1732:, 1997. Retrieved: 7 June 2010.
1704:
1695:
1671:
1648:
1630:
1627:Tillman and Lawson 2001, p. 61.
1609:
1600:
1585:
1576:
1537:
1519:
1468:Tillman and Lawson 2001, p. 57.
1462:
1459:Tillman and Lawson 2001, p. 56.
1453:
1444:
1328:
1311:
1013:14-cylinder two-row air-cooled
660:VT-4 TBD-1 taking off from USS
584:
443:VT-8's "T-16" (BuNo 1506, LCDR
1435:
1426:
1417:
1368:
1347:
1088:720 ft/min (3.7 m/s)
1003:10,194 lb (4,624 kg)
13:
1:
2333:, May 1938, Popular Mechanics
2044:. London: Bison Books, 1985.
1780:. Retrieved 21 November 2011.
1645:Jackson and Doll 1973, p. 43.
1299:
1175:. It is notable for both its
1082:19,500 ft (5,900 m)
997:9,289 lb (4,213 kg)
991:5,600 lb (2,540 kg)
916:. The plane was donated from
482:struck Japanese shipping off
312:Pratt & Whitney R-1830-64
3650:Aircraft first flown in 1935
2178:London: Bounty Books, 2006.
1874:Retrieved: 21 November 2011.
1543:Jackson and Doll 1973, p. 5.
1341:
651:
7:
2253:Volume 3, No. 4, July 1973.
2016:Cressman, Robert B. et al.
1692:. Retrieved: 11 April 2010.
1687:"'Sinking the Supership'."
1668:. Retrieved: 11 April 2010.
1516:. Retrieved: 11 April 2010.
1227:
1158:Notable appearance in media
1017:, 900 hp (670 kW)
906:On September 19, 2019, the
626:
534:US carriers. The TBDs from
415:A VT-6 TBD after attacking
10:
3666:
1773:December 17, 2011, at the
901:
786:United States Marine Corps
3583:
3554:
3532:
3514:
3496:
3478:
3460:
3432:
3409:
3402:
3380:
3362:
3339:
3296:
3278:
3260:
3242:
3214:
3196:
3178:
3171:
3095:
3069:
3053:
2977:(Nightingale/Skytrain II)
2792:
2776:
2750:
2684:
2554:
2428:
2382:
1802:. Retrieved: 7 June 2010.
1597:. Retrieved: 7 June 2010.
1323:crippled the night before
163:US entry into World War 2
139:
131:
123:
115:
110:
102:
92:
80:
72:
62:
57:
37:
32:
2325:www.aviation-history.com
2288:Aircraft of World War II
1304:
1025:variable-pitch propeller
291:Japanese targets on the
87:Douglas Aircraft Company
1402:Winchester 2004, p. 79.
1388:Winchester 2004, p. 78.
952:General characteristics
620:anti-aircraft artillery
488:Battle of the Coral Sea
305:M2 Browning machine gun
170:Battle of the Coral Sea
3625:Carrier-based aircraft
3341:Naval Aircraft Factory
1838:1998 Return to the TBD
1237:
941:
932:Specifications (TBD-1)
813:
683:
665:
455:
436:
428:
420:
227:Vought SB2U Vindicator
214:
206:
198:
189:Design and development
151:Douglas TBD Devastator
3584:Patrol Torpedo Bomber
2320:www.daveswarbirds.com
2042:Hollywood Goes to War
2040:Dolan, Edward F. Jr.
1235:
939:
811:
671:
659:
442:
434:
426:
414:
345:Bureau of Aeronautics
281:Bliss-Leavitt Mark 13
235:Douglas SBD Dauntless
212:
204:
196:
2953:C-124 Globemaster II
2661:Boston I/II/III/IV/V
2310:www.history.navy.mil
1930:. 19 September 2019.
1701:Tillman 2000, p. 82.
1677:Mondey 2006, p. 152.
1477:Tillman 2000, p. 96.
1441:Tillman 1973, p. 25.
1423:Taylor 1969, p. 485.
1414:Mondey 2006, p. 128.
1374:Gunston 1976, p. 66.
1015:radial piston engine
572:Lieutenant Commander
548:Mitsubishi A6M Zeros
486:on 10 March. In the
301:Browning machine gun
2479:A-4SU Super Skyhawk
1973:Orriss 1984, p. 28.
1710:Ginter 2006, p. 45.
1636:Ginter 2006, p. 91.
1582:Buell 1987, p. 494.
1498:Doll 1967, pp. 7–8.
1489:March 1990, p. 155.
1179:photography of pre-
1107:1 × forward-firing
1001:Max takeoff weight:
612:and the battleship
531:Raymond A. Spruance
407:Operational history
393:Grumman TBF Avenger
183:Grumman TBF Avenger
58:General information
2475:A-4AR Fightinghawk
2256:Tillman, Barrett.
1955:Dolan 1985, p. 63.
1945:: 152. March 1990.
1916:. 17 January 2023.
1867:2012-06-09 at the
1845:2007-09-28 at the
1795:2007-05-09 at the
1746:. A&T Recovery
1725:2007-05-09 at the
1661:2011-05-22 at the
1238:
1184:United States Navy
942:
814:
804:Surviving aircraft
703:United States Navy
684:
666:
568:combat air patrols
474:, while TBDs from
456:
437:
429:
421:
419:, 24 February 1942
215:
207:
199:
159:United States Navy
97:United States Navy
3612:
3611:
3608:
3607:
3579:
3578:
3550:
3549:
3398:
3397:
3126:
3125:
3113:D-558-2 Skyrocket
3108:D-558-1 Skystreak
3070:Training aircraft
3003:R4D-1/-3/-5/-6/-7
2968:C-133 Cargomaster
2852:(Dakota I/III/IV)
2377:military aircraft
2034:Air International
2026:978-0-929521-40-4
2011:978-0-87021-562-9
2001:Buell, Thomas B.
1943:Air International
1615:Doll 1967, p. 34.
1569:978-0-307-42518-8
1487:Air International
1450:Doll 1967, p. 32.
1432:Doll 1967, p. 29.
1353:Doll 1967, p. 28.
1321:had already been
908:USS Midway Museum
881:On 4 March 2018,
147:
146:
124:Introduction date
16:(Redirected from
3657:
3640:Douglas aircraft
3588:
3587:
3559:
3558:
3407:
3406:
3176:
3175:
3153:
3146:
3139:
3130:
3129:
2906:C-74 Globemaster
2368:
2361:
2354:
2345:
2344:
2189:Nowicki, Jacek.
2062:Doll, Thomas E.
2055:Doll, Thomas E.
1974:
1971:
1965:
1962:
1956:
1953:
1947:
1946:
1938:
1932:
1931:
1924:
1918:
1917:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1900:
1891:. Archived from
1881:
1875:
1859:
1853:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1824:
1815:. Archived from
1809:
1803:
1787:
1781:
1765:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1742:Hogan, Mickeen.
1739:
1733:
1717:
1711:
1708:
1702:
1699:
1693:
1684:
1678:
1675:
1669:
1656:"Douglas TBD-1."
1654:Champlin, Doug.
1652:
1646:
1643:
1637:
1634:
1628:
1625:
1616:
1613:
1607:
1604:
1598:
1589:
1583:
1580:
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1573:
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1424:
1421:
1415:
1412:
1403:
1400:
1389:
1386:
1375:
1372:
1366:
1365:Doll 1992, p. 4.
1363:
1354:
1351:
1335:
1332:
1326:
1315:
1262:Great Lakes XTBG
1252:Fairey Barracuda
1194:NAS North Island
1096:
1080:Service ceiling:
1034:
954:
896:A and T Recovery
694:
692:
691:
681:Battle of Midway
575:C. Wade McClusky
514:on 4 June 1942.
512:Battle of Midway
502:, the next day.
297:Marshall Islands
274:Norden bombsight
243:Great Lakes XTBG
239:Great Lakes XB2G
174:Battle of Midway
153:was an American
42:
30:
29:
21:
3665:
3664:
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3292:
3274:
3256:
3238:
3210:
3192:
3167:
3157:
3127:
3122:
3091:
3065:
3049:
2881:C-53 Skytrooper
2788:
2772:
2746:
2680:
2607:XB-43 Jetmaster
2602:XB-42 Mixmaster
2550:
2526:XTB2D Skypirate
2424:
2378:
2372:
2306:
2301:
2204:Orriss, Bruce.
2107:Gunston, Bill.
2092:Ginter, Steve.
1982:
1977:
1972:
1968:
1963:
1959:
1954:
1950:
1940:
1939:
1935:
1926:
1925:
1921:
1912:
1911:
1907:
1898:
1896:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1869:Wayback Machine
1860:
1856:
1847:Wayback Machine
1835:
1831:
1822:
1820:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1797:Wayback Machine
1788:
1784:
1775:Wayback Machine
1766:
1759:
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1740:
1736:
1727:Wayback Machine
1718:
1714:
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1663:Wayback Machine
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1339:
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1333:
1329:
1316:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1257:Fieseler Fi 167
1247:Fairey Albacore
1230:
1206:Against the Sun
1192:as well as the
1160:
1132:Mark 13 torpedo
1127:
1104:
1097:
1092:
1055:Mark 13 torpedo
1030:
950:
934:
904:
856:TBD-1 BuNo 0377
846:TBD-1 BuNo 0353
806:
689:
687:
654:
629:
587:
507:Mark 13 torpedo
445:John C. Waldron
409:
191:
179:Mark 13 torpedo
119:1937–1939
73:National origin
53:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3663:
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3511:
3509:
3508:
3502:
3500:
3494:
3493:
3491:
3490:
3484:
3482:
3480:General Motors
3476:
3475:
3473:
3472:
3466:
3464:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3438:
3436:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3426:
3421:
3415:
3413:
3404:
3403:Torpedo Bomber
3400:
3399:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3392:
3386:
3384:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3374:
3368:
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2943:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2886:C-54 Skymaster
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2796:
2794:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2786:
2780:
2778:
2777:Reconnaissance
2774:
2773:
2771:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2754:
2752:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2744:
2739:
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2673:
2668:
2663:
2657:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2625:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2612:B-66 Destroyer
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2558:
2556:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2548:
2543:
2541:A3D Skywarrior
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2521:XBTD Destroyer
2518:
2513:
2508:
2506:TBD Devastator
2503:
2498:
2493:
2487:
2486:
2484:AC-47 "Spooky"
2481:
2468:
2466:A-3 Skywarrior
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2432:
2430:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2422:
2420:XF6D Missileer
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2386:
2384:
2380:
2379:
2371:
2370:
2363:
2356:
2348:
2342:
2341:
2336:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2305:
2304:External links
2302:
2300:
2299:
2284:
2269:
2254:
2247:
2232:
2217:
2202:
2187:
2172:
2157:
2144:Kinzey, Bert.
2142:
2127:
2120:
2105:
2090:
2077:Drendel, Lou.
2075:
2060:
2053:
2038:
2029:
2014:
1999:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1975:
1966:
1957:
1948:
1933:
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1275:
1274:
1269:
1267:Mitsubishi B5M
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1229:
1226:
1212:The 2019 film
1203:The 2014 film
1173:Michael Curtiz
1167:(1941) was an
1159:
1156:
1155:
1154:
1153:
1152:
1149:
1143:
1137:
1122:
1121:
1120:
1117:
1090:
1089:
1086:Rate of climb:
1083:
1076:
1075:
1074:
1073:
1072:
1071:
1070:
1069:
1059:
1058:
1048:
1042:
1039:Maximum speed:
1028:
1027:
1018:
1004:
998:
992:
986:
980:
974:
968:
962:
933:
930:
903:
900:
879:
878:
868:
859:Ex-VT-2 / USS
857:
854:
847:
844:
831:Ex-VT-5 / USS
829:
805:
802:
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645:
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583:
472:Marcus Islands
408:
405:
343:The US Navy's
284:aerial torpedo
190:
187:
155:torpedo bomber
145:
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125:
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67:Torpedo bomber
64:
60:
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43:
35:
34:
33:TBD Devastator
26:
18:TBD Devastator
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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3555:Torpedo Scout
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3103:World Cruiser
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2850:C-47 Skytrain
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2511:SBD Dauntless
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2415:F5D Skylancer
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2405:F3D Skyknight
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2315:VT-8 in Color
2313:
2311:
2308:
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2297:
2296:1-84013-639-1
2293:
2289:
2285:
2282:
2281:0-7603-0959-0
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2266:1-84176-025-0
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1895:on 2019-08-01
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1278:Related lists
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1045:Cruise speed:
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316:radial engine
313:
308:
306:
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298:
294:
289:
288:semi-recessed
285:
282:
277:
275:
271:
267:
266:folding wings
263:
258:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
231:Northrop BT-1
228:
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186:
184:
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135:15 April 1935
134:
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127:3 August 1937
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105:
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76:United States
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56:
51:
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41:
36:
31:
19:
3534:Consolidated
3418:
3118:X-3 Stiletto
3096:Experimental
2622:Model 1211-J
2592:B-26 Invader
2531:AD Skyraider
2505:
2451:A-26 Invader
2330:
2287:
2272:
2257:
2250:
2235:
2220:
2205:
2190:
2175:
2160:
2145:
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2123:
2108:
2093:
2078:
2063:
2056:
2041:
2032:
2017:
2002:
1987:
1986:Adcock, Al.
1980:Bibliography
1969:
1960:
1951:
1942:
1936:
1922:
1908:
1897:. Retrieved
1893:the original
1888:
1879:
1871:
1857:
1849:
1837:
1832:
1821:. Retrieved
1817:the original
1807:
1799:
1785:
1777:
1748:. Retrieved
1737:
1729:
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1706:
1697:
1689:
1682:
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1437:
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1330:
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1277:
1276:
1272:Nakajima B5N
1240:
1239:
1213:
1211:
1204:
1202:
1188:
1181:World War II
1171:directed by
1162:
1161:
1146:
1140:
1134:
1124:
1111:
1101:
1093:
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1079:
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943:
923:
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905:
890:
880:
876: (CV-2)
873:
864:
860:
840:
836:
832:
820:
815:
794:
717:
675:
661:
614:
608:
604:
588:
585:Obsolescence
564:
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526:
522:
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397:World War II
386:
380:
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368:
362:
356:
350:
342:
336:
324:
309:
278:
259:
255:Vought XSB3U
247:Grumman XSBF
223:Brewster SBA
216:
167:
150:
148:
132:First flight
116:Manufactured
103:Number built
93:Primary user
82:Manufacturer
52:, circa 1938
50: (CV-6)
47:
3462:Great Lakes
3280:Great Lakes
3045:Skymaster I
2685:Observation
2587:B-23 Dragon
2546:A4D Skyhawk
2471:A-4 Skyhawk
1177:Technicolor
1164:Dive Bomber
1032:Performance
1021:Propellers:
1007:Powerplant:
928:'s hangar.
718:Dive Bomber
558:and two to
417:Wake Island
3619:Categories
2793:Transports
2671:Havoc I/II
2410:F4D Skyray
1899:2018-03-06
1850:nwrain.com
1823:2007-05-09
1800:tighar.org
1730:tighar.org
1666:nwrain.net
1300:References
1222:George Gay
1189:Enterprise
983:Wing area:
887:R/V Petrel
676:Enterprise
596:NAS Norman
579:Max Leslie
554:, none to
552:Enterprise
540:Enterprise
523:Enterprise
484:New Guinea
460:Enterprise
401:Devastator
357:Enterprise
314:Twin Wasp
251:Hall XPTBH
229:, and the
48:Enterprise
3382:Blackburn
2617:Model 423
2572:B-18 Bolo
2251:Airpower,
1750:March 12,
1342:Citations
1198:San Diego
1023:3-bladed
971:Wingspan:
945:Data from
922:USS
918:Lionsgate
891:Lexington
874:Lexington
872:USS
861:Lexington
851:NAS Miami
821:Lexington
674:USS
652:Operators
480:Lexington
449:USS
363:Lexington
349:USS
337:Lexington
328:Anacostia
270:wheels-up
262:monoplane
46:USS
3262:Atlantic
2383:Fighters
1872:eaa.org.
1865:Archived
1843:Archived
1793:Archived
1771:Archived
1723:Archived
1690:PBS-Nova
1659:Archived
1228:See also
1094:Armament
833:Yorktown
627:Variants
600:Oklahoma
560:Yorktown
527:Yorktown
476:Yorktown
464:Yorktown
381:Yorktown
351:Saratoga
3563:Grumman
3434:Grumman
3411:Douglas
3244:Detroit
3216:Douglas
3198:Curtiss
3172:Torpedo
3054:Gliders
2666:Digby I
2555:Bombers
2375:Douglas
1778:eaa.org
1595:cv6.org
1514:cv6.org
977:Height:
965:Length:
902:Replica
865:"6-T-7"
863:(CV-2)
841:"5-T-6"
837:"5-T-7"
835:(CV-5)
664:in 1942
499:Shōkaku
332:Norfolk
293:Gilbert
219:US Navy
157:of the
140:Retired
111:History
3516:Vultee
3498:Vought
3298:Martin
3180:Boeing
3061:XCG-17
3040:PD.808
3030:CC-129
2958:YC-129
2941:C-117D
2931:YC-116
2926:XC-114
2751:Patrol
2294:
2279:
2264:
2242:
2227:
2212:
2197:
2182:
2167:
2152:
2137:
2115:
2100:
2085:
2070:
2048:
2024:
2009:
1994:
1566:
1214:Midway
1125:Bombs:
1051:Range:
924:Midway
913:Midway
693:
662:Ranger
644:TBD-1A
632:XTBD-1
556:Hornet
536:Hornet
519:Hornet
451:Hornet
387:Ranger
375:Hornet
237:. The
225:, the
3364:Stout
3087:XT-30
3008:R4D-8
2963:C-132
2948:C-118
2936:C-117
2916:C-110
2896:UC-67
2840:C-41A
2820:YC-34
2742:YOA-5
2727:YO-44
2654:DB-73
2649:DB-19
2597:XB-31
2582:XB-22
2577:XB-19
2567:YB-11
2395:XP-48
1305:Notes
1102:Guns:
959:Crew:
791:VMS-2
772:VS-72
766:VS-71
760:VS-42
638:TBD-1
609:Ryūjō
493:Shōhō
3600:PTBH
3592:Hall
3452:TB3F
3447:TB2F
3424:TB2D
3164:USMC
3082:BT-2
3077:BT-1
3035:LXD1
2981:C-24
2911:C-84
2901:C-68
2891:C-58
2876:C-52
2871:C-51
2866:C-50
2861:C-49
2856:C-48
2845:C-42
2835:C-41
2830:C-39
2825:C-38
2815:C-33
2810:C-32
2805:C-21
2737:O-53
2732:O-46
2722:O-43
2717:O-38
2712:O-35
2707:O-31
2676:DXD1
2644:DB-8
2639:DB-7
2634:DB-2
2629:DB-1
2562:YB-7
2501:XT3D
2456:A-33
2446:A-24
2441:A-20
2436:XA-2
2400:P-70
2292:ISBN
2277:ISBN
2262:ISBN
2240:ISBN
2225:ISBN
2210:ISBN
2195:ISBN
2180:ISBN
2165:ISBN
2150:ISBN
2135:ISBN
2113:ISBN
2098:ISBN
2083:ISBN
2068:ISBN
2046:ISBN
2022:ISBN
2007:ISBN
1992:ISBN
1752:2023
1564:ISBN
1319:Hiei
1317:The
1218:VT-8
1130:1 ×
1009:1 ×
819:USS
795:1518
778:VU-3
754:VB-4
748:VT-8
742:VT-7
736:VT-6
730:VT-5
724:VT-4
714:VT-3
708:VT-2
615:Hiei
591:VT-4
577:and
538:and
525:and
478:and
470:and
468:Wake
462:and
384:and
369:Wasp
330:and
295:and
253:and
149:The
143:1944
63:Type
3571:TSF
3542:TBY
3524:TBV
3506:TBU
3488:TBM
3470:TBG
3442:TBF
3419:TBD
3390:BST
3354:T2N
3331:T6M
3326:T5M
3321:T4M
3316:T3M
3311:T2M
3234:T3D
3229:T2D
3160:USN
3023:R6D
3013:R5D
2998:R3D
2993:R2D
2975:C-9
2800:C-1
2784:F-3
2768:P3D
2763:P2D
2702:O2D
2692:O-2
2496:T2D
2390:XFD
1196:in
885:'s
849:Ex-
106:130
3621::
3372:ST
3349:TN
3306:TM
3288:TG
3270:FT
3252:TE
3224:DT
3206:CT
3188:TB
3018:JD
2988:RD
2758:PD
2697:OD
2516:BD
2491:DT
1887:.
1760:^
1620:^
1548:^
1503:^
1407:^
1393:^
1379:^
1358:^
1200:.
1147:or
1141:or
1135:or
1112:or
1057:or
839:,
598:,
521:,
378:,
372:,
366:,
360:,
354:,
307:.
276:.
249:,
245:,
241:,
185:.
3162:/
3152:e
3145:t
3138:v
2477:/
2473:/
2367:e
2360:t
2353:v
2298:.
2283:.
2268:.
2246:.
2231:.
2216:.
2201:.
2186:.
2171:.
2156:.
2141:.
2119:.
2104:.
2089:.
2074:.
2052:.
2028:.
2013:.
1998:.
1902:.
1826:.
1754:.
1572:.
1325:.
720:.
20:)
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