58:
2136:
31:
2160:
2172:
2148:
233:
The available data indicates that the
Tadorninae are indeed, as their appearance suggests, somewhat intermediate between geese and dabbling ducks, but the molecular data suggests they are not the only lineage to evolve towards a more duck-like
229:
analyses cast doubt on the allocation of several genera; many supposed dabbling ducks and one peculiar goose may more correctly belong here, while some genera believed to be close to shelducks appear to have different relationships altogether.
1048:
498:
Sraml, M.; Christidis, L.; Easteal, S.; Horn, P. & Collet, C. (1996). "Molecular
Relationships Within Australasian Waterfowl (Anseriformes)".
2280:
2346:
202:
Most of these species have a distinctive plumage, but there is no pattern as to whether the sexes are alike, even within a single
2267:
1043:
2272:
349:
288:
2285:
299:: Egyptian goose, and extinct African and Mascarene shelducks (Africa and Madagascar region; 1 living species, 2–3
587:
527:"Phylogeny and biogeography of dabbling ducks (genus Anas): a comparison of molecular and morphological evidence"
526:
463:
2241:
2176:
1033:
815:
57:
2336:
2295:
730:
720:
1056:
1038:
187:
This group is largely tropical or
Southern Hemisphere in distribution, with only two species, the
1061:
2308:
735:
2194:
2152:
1028:
840:
790:
2303:
865:
2232:
1493:
235:
8:
2331:
1023:
915:
855:
800:
580:
214:
Following the review of
Livezey (1986), several species formerly classified as aberrant
1806:
870:
830:
795:
551:
134:
52:
2254:
2159:
1932:
1879:
1829:
972:
962:
905:
705:
700:
640:
375:
464:"A phylogenetic analysis of recent anseriform genera using morphological characters"
2259:
1798:
940:
612:
543:
507:
480:
396:
196:
169:
2246:
2030:
1858:
1328:
850:
835:
773:
672:
600:
188:
43:
38:
2341:
2140:
2070:
2022:
1956:
1895:
1850:
1837:
1711:
1674:
1525:
1299:
1136:
890:
885:
880:
860:
845:
740:
715:
710:
692:
573:
344:
192:
335:: torrent duck (Andes mountains, South America) – formerly in "perching ducks"
2325:
2078:
2062:
1985:
1977:
1811:
1609:
1459:
1346:
1304:
1104:
1096:
1018:
982:
900:
824:
652:
534:
471:
219:
215:
484:
2217:
2164:
1908:
1753:
1569:
1407:
1355:
1227:
1188:
957:
945:
935:
925:
622:
323:
269:
226:
109:
497:
2226:
1969:
1816:
1622:
1601:
1590:
1555:
1422:
1412:
1370:
1261:
1128:
930:
755:
750:
682:
667:
635:
442:: Salvadori's teal (New Guinea)—formerly in Anatidae and "perching ducks"
438:
392:: Mandarin duck and wood duck (East Asia and North America, respectively)
388:
239:
379:: spur-winged goose (sub-Saharan Africa) – may be in monotypic subfamily
2086:
1948:
1887:
1866:
1698:
1682:
1617:
1562:
1534:
1466:
1431:
1157:
992:
967:
725:
555:
426:
418:
331:
315:
283:
565:
511:
430:: maned duck (Australia and formerly New Zealand; 1 living species, 1
30:
2046:
2001:
1790:
1583:
1500:
1484:
1473:
1383:
1319:
1278:
977:
778:
765:
745:
645:
524:
410:
367:
359:
353:
295:
161:
69:
2188:
547:
2211:
2014:
1744:
1719:
1665:
1576:
1548:
1438:
1402:
1394:
1376:
1271:
1256:
1240:
987:
950:
783:
371:: steamer ducks (South America; 4 species) – may belong to Anatinae
363:: blue-winged goose (Ethiopia) – may belong to a distinct subfamily
264:
165:
119:
89:
1924:
1777:
1656:
1541:
1507:
1445:
1266:
1120:
1112:
805:
677:
662:
431:
402:
307:
300:
243:
268:: shelducks (Europe, Africa, Australasia; 6 species) – possibly
2054:
1993:
1769:
1761:
1690:
1630:
1514:
1452:
1335:
1002:
997:
875:
275:
79:
1940:
1727:
1290:
223:
203:
177:
1916:
1283:
1246:
1216:
630:
596:
181:
173:
99:
2038:
895:
657:
384:
May belong to
Tadorninae, currently placed elsewhere:
327:: blue duck (New Zealand)—formerly in "perching ducks"
525:
Johnson, Kevin P. & Sorenson, Michael D. (1999).
1187:
461:
348:: pink-eared ducks (Australia; 1 living species, 1
195:breeding in northern temperate regions, though the
2323:
311:: Orinoco goose and Andean goose (South America)
199:(presumed extinct) was also a northern species.
581:
1095:
588:
574:
29:
279:: Radjah shelduck (Australia, New Guinea)
176:and most duck-like waterfowl such as the
400:: Muscovy duck (tropical America; genus
595:
319:: sheldgeese (South America; 4 species)
254:
2324:
518:
455:
2193:
2192:
1080:
569:
287:: Madagascar sheldgoose (Madagascar,
2296:3fc2ca7a-158e-4737-af8c-718284a87eaf
2147:
491:
340:Provisionally placed in this group:
260:Unequivocally placed in this group:
2171:
13:
249:
14:
2358:
1049:Late Quaternary prehistoric birds
222:" were placed in the Tadorninae.
2347:Taxa named by Ludwig Reichenbach
2170:
2158:
2146:
2135:
2134:
2025:(New World vultures and condors)
56:
414:: Cape Barren goose (Australia)
1081:
209:
1:
500:Australian Journal of Zoology
448:
422:: ringed teal (South America)
462:Livezey, Bradley C. (1986).
7:
2089:(woodpeckers and relatives)
160:is the shelduck-sheldgoose
10:
2363:
1951:(cormorants and relatives)
1044:Extinct species since 1500
2201:
2130:
2081:(kingfishers and rollers)
2013:
1968:
1935:(albatrosses and petrels)
1907:
1878:
1849:
1828:
1819:(swifts and hummingbirds)
1801:(nightjars and relatives)
1789:
1752:
1743:
1710:
1673:
1664:
1655:
1651:
1625:(pheasants and relatives)
1600:
1524:
1483:
1421:
1393:
1369:
1345:
1318:
1239:
1226:
1183:
1156:
1152:
1091:
1087:
1076:
1072:
1011:
914:
814:
764:
691:
621:
608:
147:
142:
53:Scientific classification
51:
37:
28:
23:
1980:(seriemas and relatives)
1959:(pelicans and relatives)
2073:(hornbills and hoopoes)
1988:(falcons and relatives)
2057:(trogons and quetzals)
1869:(cranes and relatives)
1139:(emus and cassowaries)
1029:Glossary of bird terms
841:Confuciusornithiformes
2304:Paleobiology Database
1898:(kagu and sunbittern)
1861:(gulls and relatives)
866:Songlingornithiformes
831:Omnivoropterygiformes
485:10.1093/auk/103.4.737
352:) – may be closer to
1720:Phoenicopteriformes
406:may be paraphyletic)
255:Subfamily Tadorninae
246:being more distant.
1691:Mesitornithiformes
1685:(doves and pigeons)
1019:Families and orders
881:Ichthyornithiformes
856:Patagopterygiformes
2033:(eagles and hawks)
1933:Procellariiformes
1838:Opisthocomiformes
1807:Steatornithiformes
1034:List by population
871:Hongshanornithidae
796:Evolution of birds
172:that includes the
16:Subfamily of birds
2319:
2318:
2195:Taxon identifiers
2186:
2185:
2126:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2098:
2097:
1919:(loons or divers)
1888:Phaethontiformes
1880:Phaethontimorphae
1830:Opisthocomiformes
1799:Caprimulgiformes
1739:
1738:
1728:Podicipediformes
1647:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1365:
1364:
1148:
1147:
1105:Struthioniformes
973:Waterfowl hunting
906:Gastornithiformes
901:Aepyornithiformes
891:Lithornithiformes
512:10.1071/ZO9960047
168:, the biological
154:
153:
149:see article text
138:
2354:
2337:Bird subfamilies
2312:
2311:
2299:
2298:
2289:
2288:
2276:
2275:
2263:
2262:
2250:
2249:
2237:
2236:
2235:
2222:
2221:
2220:
2190:
2189:
2174:
2173:
2162:
2150:
2149:
2138:
2137:
2090:
2082:
2074:
2066:
2063:Leptosomiformes
2058:
2050:
2042:
2034:
2031:Accipitriformes
2026:
2005:
2004:(perching birds)
1997:
1989:
1981:
1960:
1952:
1944:
1936:
1928:
1925:Sphenisciformes
1920:
1899:
1891:
1870:
1862:
1859:Charadriiformes
1841:
1820:
1802:
1781:
1773:
1770:Musophagiformes
1765:
1750:
1749:
1731:
1723:
1702:
1694:
1686:
1671:
1670:
1662:
1661:
1653:
1652:
1626:
1613:
1391:
1390:
1387:
1380:
1293:
1286:
1250:
1237:
1236:
1233:
1224:
1223:
1220:
1185:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1154:
1153:
1140:
1132:
1124:
1116:
1108:
1093:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1073:
941:Bird collections
896:Dinornithiformes
801:Darwin's finches
791:Origin of flight
731:Seabird breeding
721:Sexual selection
590:
583:
576:
567:
566:
560:
559:
531:
522:
516:
515:
495:
489:
488:
468:
459:
397:Cairina moschata
197:crested shelduck
133:
61:
60:
33:
21:
20:
2362:
2361:
2357:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2352:
2351:
2322:
2321:
2320:
2315:
2307:
2302:
2294:
2292:
2284:
2279:
2271:
2266:
2258:
2253:
2245:
2240:
2231:
2230:
2225:
2216:
2215:
2210:
2197:
2187:
2182:
2094:
2088:
2080:
2072:
2071:Bucerotiformes
2065:(cuckoo-roller)
2064:
2056:
2048:
2040:
2032:
2024:
2023:Cathartiformes
2009:
2003:
1995:
1994:Psittaciformes
1987:
1979:
1964:
1958:
1957:Pelecaniformes
1950:
1942:
1934:
1926:
1918:
1903:
1897:
1896:Eurypygiformes
1889:
1874:
1868:
1860:
1845:
1839:
1824:
1818:
1800:
1785:
1779:
1771:
1763:
1735:
1729:
1721:
1706:
1700:
1699:Pterocliformes
1692:
1684:
1635:
1624:
1611:
1596:
1520:
1479:
1417:
1382:
1381:
1374:
1373:
1361:
1341:
1314:
1291:
1284:
1244:
1243:
1231:
1230:
1214:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1144:
1138:
1137:Casuariiformes
1130:
1129:Apterygiformes
1122:
1114:
1106:
1083:
1068:
1039:Lists by region
1007:
917:
910:
851:Chaoyangiformes
836:Jeholornithidae
810:
774:Origin of birds
760:
741:Brood parasites
687:
617:
604:
594:
564:
563:
548:10.2307/4089339
529:
523:
519:
496:
492:
466:
460:
456:
451:
257:
252:
250:Family Anatidae
212:
189:common shelduck
132:
55:
44:Tadorna tadorna
39:Common shelduck
17:
12:
11:
5:
2360:
2350:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2313:
2300:
2290:
2277:
2264:
2251:
2238:
2223:
2207:
2205:
2199:
2198:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2180:
2168:
2156:
2144:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2124:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2104:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2092:
2084:
2079:Coraciiformes
2076:
2068:
2060:
2055:Trogoniformes
2052:
2044:
2036:
2028:
2019:
2017:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2007:
2002:Passeriformes
1999:
1991:
1986:Falconiformes
1983:
1978:Cariamiformes
1974:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1962:
1954:
1946:
1941:Ciconiiformes
1938:
1930:
1922:
1913:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1901:
1893:
1884:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1872:
1864:
1855:
1853:
1851:Cursorimorphae
1847:
1846:
1844:
1843:
1834:
1832:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1822:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1795:
1793:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1783:
1775:
1767:
1758:
1756:
1747:
1741:
1740:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1733:
1725:
1716:
1714:
1712:Mirandornithes
1708:
1707:
1705:
1704:
1696:
1688:
1683:Columbiformes
1679:
1677:
1675:Columbimorphae
1668:
1659:
1649:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1641:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1633:
1628:
1620:
1615:
1610:Meleagridinae
1606:
1604:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1594:
1587:
1580:
1573:
1566:
1559:
1552:
1545:
1538:
1530:
1528:
1526:Odontophoridae
1522:
1521:
1519:
1518:
1511:
1504:
1497:
1489:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1477:
1470:
1463:
1456:
1449:
1442:
1435:
1427:
1425:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1399:
1397:
1388:
1367:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1359:
1351:
1349:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1339:
1332:
1324:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1312:
1307:
1305:Stictonettinae
1302:
1300:Dendrocygninae
1297:
1296:
1295:
1288:
1276:
1275:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1253:
1251:
1234:
1221:
1178:
1150:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1143:
1142:
1134:
1126:
1118:
1110:
1101:
1099:
1085:
1084:
1070:
1069:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1064:
1059:
1053:Notable birds
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1008:
1006:
1005:
1003:Egg collecting
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
954:
953:
943:
938:
933:
928:
922:
920:
912:
911:
909:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
886:Hesperornithes
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
861:Ambiortiformes
858:
853:
848:
846:Enantiornithes
843:
838:
833:
828:
820:
818:
812:
811:
809:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
787:
786:
781:
770:
768:
762:
761:
759:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
697:
695:
689:
688:
686:
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
649:
648:
638:
633:
627:
625:
619:
618:
616:
615:
609:
606:
605:
593:
592:
585:
578:
570:
562:
561:
542:(3): 792–805.
517:
490:
479:(4): 737–754.
453:
452:
450:
447:
446:
445:
444:
443:
435:
423:
415:
407:
393:
382:
381:
380:
372:
364:
356:
345:Malacorhynchus
338:
337:
336:
328:
320:
312:
304:
292:
280:
272:
256:
253:
251:
248:
220:perching ducks
216:dabbling ducks
211:
208:
193:ruddy shelduck
152:
151:
145:
144:
140:
139:
127:
123:
122:
117:
113:
112:
107:
103:
102:
97:
93:
92:
87:
83:
82:
77:
73:
72:
67:
63:
62:
49:
48:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2359:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2310:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2291:
2287:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2243:
2239:
2234:
2228:
2224:
2219:
2213:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2191:
2179:
2178:
2169:
2167:
2166:
2161:
2157:
2155:
2154:
2145:
2143:
2142:
2133:
2132:
2129:
2091:
2085:
2083:
2077:
2075:
2069:
2067:
2061:
2059:
2053:
2051:
2045:
2043:
2039:Strigiformes
2037:
2035:
2029:
2027:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2006:
2000:
1998:
1992:
1990:
1984:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1961:
1955:
1953:
1947:
1945:
1939:
1937:
1931:
1929:
1923:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1906:
1900:
1894:
1892:
1890:(tropicbirds)
1886:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1877:
1871:
1865:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1848:
1842:
1836:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1827:
1821:
1815:
1813:
1812:Podargiformes
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1788:
1782:
1776:
1774:
1768:
1766:
1762:Cuculiformes
1760:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1732:
1726:
1724:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1709:
1703:
1697:
1695:
1689:
1687:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1599:
1593:
1592:
1588:
1586:
1585:
1581:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1572:
1571:
1567:
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1560:
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1476:
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1471:
1469:
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1464:
1462:
1461:
1460:Macrocephalon
1457:
1455:
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1441:
1440:
1436:
1434:
1433:
1429:
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1389:
1385:
1378:
1372:
1368:
1358:
1357:
1353:
1352:
1350:
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1347:Anseranatidae
1344:
1338:
1337:
1333:
1331:
1330:
1326:
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1323:
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1311:
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1212:
1186:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1155:
1151:
1141:
1135:
1133:
1127:
1125:
1121:Tinamiformes
1119:
1117:
1111:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1097:Palaeognathae
1094:
1090:
1086:
1079:
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1063:
1060:
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986:
984:
983:Pigeon racing
981:
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869:
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852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
826:
825:Archaeopteryx
822:
821:
819:
817:
813:
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804:
802:
799:
797:
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789:
785:
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749:
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734:
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724:
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719:
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629:
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598:
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586:
584:
579:
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571:
568:
557:
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541:
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536:
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521:
513:
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501:
494:
486:
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478:
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436:
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386:
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378:
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376:Plectropterus
373:
370:
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365:
362:
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355:
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347:
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342:
341:
339:
334:
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329:
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318:
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136:
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108:
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68:
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59:
54:
50:
46:
45:
40:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2202:
2175:
2163:
2151:
2139:
2049:(mousebirds)
2047:Coliiformes
1917:Gaviiformes
1909:Aequornithes
1817:Apodiformes
1778:Otidiformes
1754:Otidimorphae
1701:(sandgrouse)
1623:Phasianinae
1589:
1582:
1575:
1570:Odontophorus
1568:
1561:
1554:
1547:
1540:
1533:
1513:
1506:
1499:
1492:
1472:
1465:
1458:
1451:
1444:
1437:
1430:
1408:Oreophasinae
1354:
1334:
1327:
1309:
1232:(waterfowls)
1228:Anseriformes
978:Cockfighting
963:Conservation
958:Bird feeding
946:Birdwatching
936:Ornithomancy
876:Gansuiformes
823:
816:Fossil birds
706:Intelligence
539:
533:
520:
506:(1): 47–58.
503:
499:
493:
476:
470:
457:
437:
425:
417:
409:
401:
395:
387:
374:
366:
358:
343:
330:
324:Hymenolaimus
322:
314:
306:
294:
282:
274:
270:paraphyletic
263:
240:diving ducks
232:
213:
201:
186:
157:
155:
148:
129:
110:Anseriformes
42:
18:
2227:Wikispecies
2177:WikiProject
2087:Piciformes
1970:Australaves
1949:Suliformes
1867:Gruiformes
1722:(flamingos)
1631:Tetraoninae
1602:Phasianidae
1591:Rhynchortyx
1556:Dactylortyx
1423:Megapodidae
1413:Penelopinae
1371:Galliformes
1113:Rheiformes
1107:(ostriches)
1057:individuals
931:Ornithology
918:interaction
673:Preen gland
439:Salvadorina
350:prehistoric
289:prehistoric
238:, with the
210:Systematics
135:Reichenbach
126:Subfamily:
24:Tadorninae
2332:Tadorninae
2326:Categories
2247:Tadorninae
2233:Tadorninae
2203:Tadorninae
1927:(penguins)
1780:(bustards)
1618:Perdicinae
1563:Dendrortyx
1535:Callipepla
1467:Megapodius
1432:Aepypodius
1310:Tadorninae
1292:true geese
1123:(tinamous)
1082:Neornithes
993:Pheasantry
968:Aviculture
736:Incubation
726:Lek mating
449:References
427:Chenonetta
419:Callonetta
332:Merganetta
316:Chloephaga
284:Centrornis
236:morphology
158:Tadorninae
130:Tadorninae
1996:(parrots)
1840:(hoatzin)
1791:Strisores
1772:(turacos)
1764:(cuckoos)
1693:(mesites)
1612:(turkeys)
1584:Philortyx
1501:Agelastes
1494:Acryllium
1485:Numididae
1474:Talegalla
1384:gamebirds
1377:landfowls
1356:Anseranas
1320:Anhimidae
1279:Anserinae
1062:fictional
784:dinosaurs
779:Theropoda
766:Evolution
711:Migration
693:Behaviour
411:Cereopsis
368:Tachyeres
360:Cyanochen
354:Oxyurinae
296:Alopochen
162:subfamily
76:Kingdom:
70:Eukaryota
2212:Wikidata
2141:Category
2015:Afroaves
1943:(storks)
1745:Passerea
1730:(grebes)
1666:Columbea
1577:Oreortyx
1549:Cyrtonyx
1439:Alectura
1403:Cracinae
1395:Cracidae
1272:Oxyurini
1262:Aythyini
1257:Anatinae
1241:Anatidae
988:Falconry
951:big year
806:Seabirds
716:Foraging
663:Feathers
244:seaducks
227:sequence
191:and the
166:Anatidae
120:Anatidae
116:Family:
90:Chordata
86:Phylum:
80:Animalia
66:Domain:
2286:2068719
2153:Commons
1657:Neoaves
1542:Colinus
1508:Guttera
1446:Eulipoa
1267:Mergini
1131:(kiwis)
1115:(rheas)
926:Ringing
751:Hybrids
746:Nesting
701:Singing
678:Plumage
653:Dactyly
623:Anatomy
613:Outline
603:: Aves)
556:4089339
432:extinct
403:Cairina
308:Neochen
301:extinct
265:Tadorna
218:or as "
164:of the
143:Genera
106:Order:
96:Class:
2309:229917
2293:NZOR:
2273:714010
2218:Q21153
2165:Portal
2041:(owls)
1515:Numida
1453:Leipoa
1336:Chauna
1329:Anhima
1024:Genera
998:Imping
916:Human
756:Colony
683:Vision
668:Flight
554:
276:Radjah
170:family
137:, 1849
2342:Ducks
2260:628PP
1285:swans
1247:ducks
1217:fowls
1012:Lists
636:Brain
601:class
597:Birds
552:JSTOR
530:(PDF)
467:(PDF)
224:mtDNA
204:genus
182:swans
178:geese
174:ducks
2281:NCBI
2268:ITIS
658:Eggs
646:milk
641:Crop
631:Beak
242:and
180:and
156:The
100:Aves
2255:CoL
2242:AFD
544:doi
540:116
535:Auk
508:doi
481:doi
477:103
472:Auk
389:Aix
2328::
2306::
2283::
2270::
2257::
2244::
2229::
2214::
550:.
538:.
532:.
504:44
502:.
475:.
469:.
206:.
184:.
47:)
1386:)
1379:-
1375:(
1249:)
1245:(
1219:)
1215:(
1211:e
1209:a
1207:r
1205:e
1203:s
1201:n
1199:a
1197:o
1195:l
1193:l
1191:a
1189:G
1176:e
1174:a
1172:h
1170:t
1168:a
1166:n
1164:g
1162:o
1160:e
1158:N
599:(
589:e
582:t
575:v
558:.
546::
514:.
510::
487:.
483::
434:)
303:)
291:)
41:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
