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ant-life makes very easy the performance of petty routine duties, but specially difficult the attainment of manhood’s estate. It imparts skill to the limbs of the man who is a bondsman, whose labor is drudgery; but it kills the mind of a man who is a doer, whose work is creation. So in India, during long ages past, we have the spectacle of only a repetition of that which has gone before.
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points out that there can be several such interventions in the personal sphere where one can make a constructive contribution by incorporating a small change in daily habits. He therefore contends, while the spinning of the charkha maybe viewed as an activity which is beneficial by itself, its actual harm is in its undue importance as a symbol over all other such interventions.
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either by fear or greed or ‘hypnotic texts’. Tagore believes that the
Gandhian ethic of charkha-spinning is simply another device for lulling the human mind into a sort of conformity against the colonial government, and is not the base for any real intellectual or spiritual rejuvenation as claimed by Gandhi.
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Furthermore, Tagore does not like the idea of the charkha invading the personal space of the individual, where his idea of leisure is one which must be measured along matrices of constructivity and productivity. Here Tagore makes a theological point by claiming that the ultimate shudra (low caste) is
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Another argument which Tagore tackles, is the one where it is suggested that even if the charkha is not playing a larger role in rejuvenating the masses intellectually, at least it provides constructive economic activity at the domestic level. Tagore does not really challenge this argument, but only
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Human nature has its elasticity; and in the name of urgency, it can be forced towards a particular direction far beyond its normal and wholesome limits. But the rebound is sure to follow, and the consequent disillusionment will leave behind it a desert track of demoralization... ... I am afraid of a
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Every individual of every caste has his function assigned to him, together with the obsession into which he has been hypnotized, that, since he is bound by some divine mandate, accepted by his first ancestor, it would be sinful for him to seek relief therefrom. This imitation of the social scheme of
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He further counters any points on the dignity of manual labor, by stating that the survival instinct of man might allow him suppress his intellectual needs, but claiming that there is a comfort in the dignity of the same would be taking it too far. Thus, Tagore negates the positive impact that the
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He claims this problem of repetition cuts at the very soul of human spirit and is contrary to the work of God evidenced by the infusion of the human ‘mind’ which is independent and free. The only way that masters in the past have been able to subjugate masses into slavery is by poisoning the mind
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were among the two most influential Indian figures during the independence movement against the colonial rule of the
British. Tagore became the first non-European to be awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1913 and was instrumental in reshaping Bengali literature and music. He was considered
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Thus, Tagore himself saw the essay as a critique of the politics and ideology of the charkha but in no way as an attack on Gandhi as the leader of the Indian masses. Tagore offers the essay as a personal document on why he does not endorse the
Gandhian ethic of the charkha but clarifies that he
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By doing the same thing day after day mechanical skill may be acquired; but the mind like a mill-turning bullock will be kept going round and round a narrow range of habit. That Is why, in every country man has looked down on work which involves this kind of mechanical repetition. -Rabindranath
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Tagore considers another argument which has often followed the cult of the charkha, which is the effect of external labor on the mind. Tagore is critical of the impact of manual labor in rejuvenating the mind of the person undertaking it. He brings into question the nature of labor indulged in.
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blind faith on a very large scale in the charkha, in the country, which is so liable to succumb to the lure of short cuts when pointed out by a personality about whose moral earnestness they can have no doubt. -Rabindranath Tagore, "The Cult of the
Charkha"
189:’ (or Great Soul). Incidentally, Tagore is said to have accorded and popularized this title for Gandhi. The two men had great mutual respect for each other but often differed significantly on some issues.
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actually the machine, because it is the job of the shudra to facilitate the convenience of man's labor. The idea of privileging a machine as the centre of a man's universe does not appeal much to Tagore.
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In the Indian context, this text is of immense value as it offers a dialogue on the role of machinery, nature of labor and its role in rejuvenating the intellectual life of the nation.
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Repetitive manual labor routine without innovation and fresh inputs is unlikely to positively impact the intellect. Tagore illustrates this point with the following example:
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widely as a colossus of the Indian intelligentsia. Gandhi, on the other hand, emerged as the pre-eminent political and ideological leader of India during the
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289:(divine energy) provided to the people of India by providence itself. However, he humbly chooses to differ with Gandhi on the subject of the charkha.
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Tagore addresses Gandhi reverentially in the end of his essay, by proclaiming him as a being of "great moral personality" and an embodiment of
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One such issue was Gandhi's call for spinning the charkha as an activity which was to be the locus of the
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of the
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185:. He was a mobilizer of the masses and respected and venerated across India as the ‘
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Tagore begins by stating that in the Indian society through the processes of the
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146:-spinning" as an activity which could rejuvenate the Indian masses during the
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The Modern Review (Calcutta) Vol XXXVIII/The Cult of the Charka - Wikisource
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hours manual labor while spinning the charkha can have on a person.
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there has been a "leveling down" of the masses over the ages.
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111:Learn how and when to remove this message
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1331:The Story of My Experiments with Truth
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1519:Ekla Chalo Re
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1203:Sodepur Khadi
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937:Tagore family
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891:Shantiniketan
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662:Ekla Chalo Re
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517:Hungry Stones
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332:(online text)
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135:Modern Review
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62: –
61:
57:
56:Find sources:
50:
44:
43:
39:
34:This article
32:
28:
23:
22:
19:
2264:Kirti Mandir
2183:Martyrs' Day
2090:Johannesburg
2032:Vinoba Bhave
2017:Ramjee Singh
1977:Maulana Azad
1952:James Lawson
1816:Devdas (son)
1811:Ramdas (son)
1767:Indian rupee
1705:Abbas Tyabji
1580:Vinoba Bhave
1496:
1453:
1447:
1405:
1393:
1344:
1336:
1329:
1322:
1316:
1309:
1301:Publications
1112:Purna Swaraj
1077:Tolstoy Farm
1006:
992:
952:Debendranath
869:
862:
855:
848:
841:
834:
827:
820:
813:
806:
801:Chokher Bali
799:
792:
768:
761:
754:
748:
747:
740:
716:
708:
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674:
667:
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653:
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623:
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580:
572:
564:
556:
548:
540:
522:
515:
496:
488:
480:
472:
464:
456:
448:
442:Chokher Bali
440:
432:
389:Middle years
327:
299:
291:
286:
284:
275:
271:
251:
246:
241:
231:
226:
222:
218:
213:caste system
210:
202:
191:
172:
133:
124:
123:
122:
107:
98:
88:
81:
74:
67:
55:
35:
18:
2284:Mani Bhavan
2166:Observances
2027:Sane Guruji
1947:James Bevel
1942:Ho Chi Minh
1610:Kanu Gandhi
1555:Swami Anand
1444:Leo Tolstoy
1434:John Ruskin
1388:nonviolence
1345:Young India
1286:Eleven vows
1254:trusteeship
1063:Life events
836:Ghare Baire
785:Adaptations
498:Char Adhyay
466:Ghare Baire
445:(1902-1903)
306:Young India
2224:Bookstores
2022:Steve Biko
1897:Abhay Bang
1880:Influenced
1736:Gandhigiri
1575:Sarla Behn
1548:Associates
1492:Tirukkuṛaḷ
1370:Influences
1291:Gandhi cap
1271:Satyagraha
1227:Philosophy
1171:Quit India
1161:Poona Pact
1124:Salt March
942:Dwarkanath
850:Teen Kanya
815:Kabuliwala
763:Natir Puja
566:Sonar Tori
524:Kabuliwala
474:Chaturanga
384:Early life
312:References
142:ethic of "
101:April 2020
71:newspapers
38:references
2135:Milwaukee
2080:New Delhi
2047:Memorials
1266:Sarvodaya
1261:Education
1249:Economics
1208:Sevagram)
1198:Sabarmati
1156:Padayatra
879:Landmarks
829:Charulata
625:Birpurush
611:Gitabitan
574:Gitanjali
450:Noukadubi
434:Nastanirh
2333:Category
2299:Raj Ghat
2150:San Jose
2140:New York
1645:Mirabehn
1467:Pacifism
1424:Hinduism
1276:Swadeshi
1244:Gandhism
947:Ramanath
822:Dak Ghar
794:Giribala
676:Vocation
194:Swadeshi
140:Gandhian
2130:Houston
2055:Statues
1477:Shravan
1419:Fasting
1408:(essay)
1310:Harijan
976:Related
967:Pratima
857:Jogajog
808:Balidan
509:Stories
482:Jogajog
187:Mahatma
169:in 1940
154:Context
144:charkha
85:scholar
2125:Denver
2066:India
1783:Family
1724:Legacy
1462:Narmad
1384:Ahimsa
1281:Swaraj
1176:speech
930:Family
729:Others
721:(1913)
718:Chitra
713:(1912)
705:(1910)
697:(1888)
585:(1912)
577:(1910)
569:(1894)
561:(1884)
553:(1883)
545:(1881)
534:Poetry
501:(1934)
493:(1929)
485:(1929)
477:(1916)
469:(1916)
461:(1909)
453:(1906)
437:(1901)
426:Novels
287:shakti
266:Gandhi
167:Tagore
163:Gandhi
87:
80:
73:
66:
58:
2197:Other
2120:Davis
2116:U.S.
2070:Patna
2062:Ghana
1429:Khadi
686:Plays
597:songs
593:Poems
413:Works
302:reply
92:JSTOR
78:books
1117:flag
1000:book
702:Raja
595:and
458:Gora
417:list
377:Life
196:and
176:and
165:and
64:news
2101:UK
1452:) (
40:to
2335::
320:^
150:.
51:.
1769:)
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1458:)
1446:(
1410:)
1403:(
1390:)
1386:(
1380:"
1376:"
1048:e
1041:t
1034:v
419:)
415:(
362:e
355:t
348:v
114:)
108:(
103:)
99:(
89:·
82:·
75:·
68:·
45:.
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