567:
771:
795:
783:
40:
594:
in hard manual labor failed clamorously, while the pioneers from the Second Aliyah fought hard and the young men and women from the Third Aliyah succeeded right from the beginning. They built roads and bridges, they drained swamps and they set up functioning farms. Many of them were already trained
715:
The official
Zionist institutions were opposed to the third immigration wave. They feared that the country would not be able to absorb such a great number of people. They even requested that only people who had enough economic resources come to the country. However, the harsh reality changed their
539:
In
October of 1915, the British pledged to recognise the independence of an Arab state within the bounderies proposed by the Sherif of Mekka, i.e. including Palestine, in exchange for Arabic support of the British attempt to fight and defeat the Ottomans. See
510:
Port on
December 19, 1919 carrying 671 new immigrants and people returning after being stranded in Europe during the war. The pioneers of the Third Aliyah originated mainly from Eastern European countries: 45% from Russia, 31% from
927:(1903–1940), Zionist pioneer, woman manual laborer, women's equality activist partisan and rape victim; the autobiography she wrote provides a rare documentation of daily life in Eretz Yisrael of those times.
590:. One key idea of the Third Aliyah was a continuation of the Second—the establishment of a socialist Jewish society in the Land of Israel. In hindsight one can state that the attempts of immigrants from the
649:, but more than that, they were pushed to immigrate due to the developments in Europe and the growth of the nationalism aspirations of various minority groups. Several factors motivated the immigrants:
566:
602:, the basis for all immigration to Palestine had changed fundamentally. The Ottomans had withdrawn, and the British had taken power – despite promises to the Arabs to the contrary. The
794:
398:
716:
expectations: the bad economic situation of Jews of
Eastern Europe, and also the riots, forced many to emigrate to countries which did open their gates—the
870:
1062:
756:. Afterwards they became a smaller proportion of the immigrants. The importance of those pioneers was just as great as that of the pioneers of the
740:. Most of them were socialist-oriented and secular, even anti-religious. Their intention was to build not the Jewish state, but a socialist state.
770:
403:
782:
555:
between the
British and the French. The British would be granted Palestine and Jordan, the French would occupy Libanon and Syria.
262:
202:
825:, the General Labor Federation, was established at this time, the Elected Assembly and the National Council were founded, also
236:
679:
there was the "problem of the minorities". Battles erupted between small ethnic groups, with riots in divided countries like
197:
152:
133:
837:
Among the immigrants to
Palestine during the Third Aliyah were people who later-on founded the State of Israel, including
1057:
182:
845:, and also several prominent activists and intellectuals. Many of them would later become pioneers in Israeli culture.
639:
541:
352:
439:
393:
760:. Their ideology contributed a great deal to the construction of Palestine, and so they imprinted their mark on
724:—and to those who had a pioneering impulse and a Zionist recognition, Palestine was suitable as their new home.
562:
promised the Jews that they could settle in
Palestine and create "a national home for the Jewish people" there.
252:
231:
187:
81:
1033:
672:
with nationalist awakenings amongst the eastern
European nations following the birth of nine new countries.
408:
221:
192:
977:
535:, substantially contradicting each other, formed the basis for the conflicts that followed thereafter:
322:
548:
209:
982:
669:
332:
289:
257:
214:
69:
934:
891:(1896–1981), poet, journalist and activist, who wrote in Yiddish and Hebrew, immigrated in 1923.
466:
1052:
814:
The list below shows that also many intellectuals and artists were part of the Third Aliyah.
607:
362:
432:
327:
226:
8:
694:
627:
559:
342:
306:
59:
732:
Many of the new immigrants of the Third Aliyah were affiliated with the youth movements
952:
909:
611:
481:
357:
867:(1892–1969), sculptor, painter and novelist, arrived on board the Ruslan with his wife
898:
888:
654:
603:
552:
105:
582:(1904–1914) were a few thousand young pioneers influenced by the socialist ideas of
39:
855:
838:
752:(pioneers), who built roads and towns and commenced the draining of marshes in the
737:
301:
284:
76:
1012:
894:
879:
864:
687:
457:
425:
91:
64:
23:
924:
903:
883:
858:(1890–1931), known as "Rachel the Poetess"; returned to Palestine on board the
849:
753:
721:
623:
383:
114:
1046:
939:
757:
717:
704:
698:
579:
532:
279:
162:
147:
96:
54:
943:
930:
874:
591:
587:
583:
413:
337:
294:
167:
142:
918:
676:
599:
489:
959:
Many of them arrived in
Palestine in December 1919 on board the Ruslan.
495:
35,000 to 40,000 Jews arrived in
Palestine during the Third Aliyah. The
842:
496:
172:
119:
610:
to administer Palestine. The Third Aliyah was triggered mainly by the
822:
708:
646:
571:
520:
500:
764:
and also on the development of the Jewish settlements in Palestine.
801:
733:
547:
In January of 1916, a secret treaty between the UK and France, the
124:
661:. An estimated 100,000 Jews were killed and 500,000 left homeless.
947:
826:
761:
516:
274:
86:
680:
665:
658:
619:
615:
512:
492:, until 1923, at the start of an economic crisis in Palestine.
485:
477:
388:
378:
177:
31:
897:(1874–1958), historian from Lithuania, later-on professor of
507:
347:
267:
913:
642:. This model can also be applied to prior migration waves.
873:(1897–1938), Zionist activist and one of the founders of
906:(1899–1954), Hebrew–language poet, translator and editor
488:. This wave lasted from 1919, just after the end of
471:
645:Immigrants had high hopes for a new future in the
606:, established in early 1920, gave the British the
882:(1899–1981), painter and sculptor, member of the
16:1919–1923 wave of Jewish immigration to Palestine
1044:
921:(1909–1996), painter, illustrator and cartoonist
703:The relative success of the absorption of the
675:In the new countries which were formed after
630:, and it was hindered by the British quotas.
433:
998:, A them Press 202$ , ISBN 978-1-83998-464-8
551:, divided the Ottoman provinces outside the
829:, a clandestine paramilitary organization.
800:Jewish pioneers building Balfour Street in
1010:
638:In the 1960s Everett S. Lee described the
440:
426:
1006:
1004:
404:Demographic history of Palestine (region)
399:History of the Jews in the Land of Israel
565:
1063:Jews and Judaism in Mandatory Palestine
996:Britain and it's Mandate over Palestine
586:and the concept "religion of labor" by
77:Jews who remained in the Land of Israel
1045:
1001:
852:(1895–1976), dancer and choreographer
942:(1890–1952), one of the founders of
697:, which limited immigration to the
461:
13:
640:push and pull factors in migration
480:, of modern Jewish immigration to
353:Ministry of Aliyah and Integration
14:
1074:
748:Most of the newcomers were young
595:in Russia for a life of farming.
499:of the Third Aliyah was the ship
832:
793:
781:
769:
727:
38:
978:Formative Groups and Ideologies
817:
476:) refers to the third wave, or
1036:, retrieved on 4 November 2023
1026:
988:
969:
542:McMahon–Hussein Correspondence
253:Revival of the Hebrew language
82:Homeland for the Jewish people
1:
962:
633:
946:, later-on commander of the
933:(1899–1960), architect from
912:(1886–1981), architect from
776:Road construction, Ein Harod
578:Among the immigrants of the
531:Three secret commitments of
409:Historical Jewish population
7:
955:(1863–1941), Zionist leader
788:Third Aliyah pioneers, 1921
653:The Russian Revolution and
472:
263:Hebraization of place names
10:
1079:
1058:Jews and Judaism in Europe
526:
323:World Zionist Organization
558:In November of 1917, the
519:, and three percent from
1032:Jewish Virtual Library:
983:Jewish Agency for Israel
670:aftermath of World War I
333:Jewish Agency for Israel
258:Hebraization of surnames
935:Kovalivka, Odesa Oblast
711:ideologies of the wave.
575:
134:Aliyah in modern times
569:
549:Sykes–Picot Agreement
363:Am Yisrael Foundation
210:from the Soviet Union
183:from Muslim countries
328:Jewish National Fund
695:Emergency Quota Act
628:Balfour Declaration
560:Balfour Declaration
506:, which arrived at
473:HaAliyah HaShlishit
343:Mossad LeAliyah Bet
60:Gathering of Israel
1013:"The Third Aliyah"
953:Menachem Ussishkin
910:Yehuda Magidovitch
707:to Israel and the
612:October Revolution
576:
237:from Latin America
153:during World War I
975:Jonathan Kaplan:
899:Hebrew literature
889:Uri Zvi Greenberg
693:The enactment of
657:led to a wave of
655:Russian Civil War
604:League of Nations
553:Arabian Peninsula
470:
450:
449:
106:Pre-Modern Aliyah
1070:
1037:
1030:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1011:Jewish History.
1008:
999:
992:
986:
973:
856:Rachel Bluwstein
839:David Ben-Gurion
797:
785:
773:
738:Hashomer Hatzair
475:
465:
463:
442:
435:
428:
302:Development town
285:One Million Plan
42:
19:
18:
1078:
1077:
1073:
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1068:
1067:
1043:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1031:
1027:
1017:
1015:
1009:
1002:
993:
989:
985:, 27 April 2015
974:
970:
965:
895:Joseph Klausner
880:Yitzhak Frenkel
871:Menachem Elkind
865:Joseph Constant
835:
820:
805:
798:
789:
786:
777:
774:
730:
688:economic crisis
636:
529:
446:
394:Jewish refugees
358:Nefesh B'Nefesh
290:Immigrant camps
92:Jewish question
17:
12:
11:
5:
1076:
1066:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1039:
1038:
1025:
1000:
994:John Quigley:
987:
967:
966:
964:
961:
957:
956:
950:
937:
928:
925:Henya Pekelman
922:
916:
907:
904:Yitzhak Lamdan
901:
892:
886:
884:Ecole de Paris
877:
868:
862:
853:
850:Baruch Agadati
834:
831:
819:
816:
812:
811:
807:
806:
799:
792:
790:
787:
780:
778:
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754:Jezreel Valley
746:
745:
729:
726:
722:Western Europe
713:
712:
701:
691:
684:
673:
662:
635:
632:
624:Eastern Europe
618:, antisemitic
564:
563:
556:
545:
528:
525:
462:העלייה השלישית
448:
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430:
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371:Related topics
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115:Return to Zion
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940:Yitzhak Sadeh
938:
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833:Personalities
830:
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824:
815:
810:Intellectuals
809:
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796:
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784:
779:
772:
767:
766:
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763:
759:
758:Second Aliyah
755:
751:
743:
742:
741:
739:
735:
728:Social makeup
725:
723:
719:
718:United States
710:
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705:Second Aliyah
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699:United States
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581:
580:Second Aliyah
573:
568:
561:
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546:
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534:
533:Great Britain
524:
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315:Organizations
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280:Youth village
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227:from Ethiopia
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97:Law of Return
95:
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88:
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55:Promised Land
53:
52:
51:
50:
46:
45:
41:
37:
36:
33:
30:
29:
25:
21:
20:
1053:Aliyah waves
1034:Third Aliyah
1028:
1016:. Retrieved
995:
990:
976:
971:
958:
944:Gdud HaAvoda
931:Zeev Rechter
875:Gdud HaAvoda
859:
836:
821:
818:Institutions
813:
749:
747:
731:
714:
664:Upheaval in
644:
637:
597:
592:First Aliyah
588:A. D. Gordon
584:Ber Borochov
577:
530:
502:
494:
454:Third Aliyah
453:
451:
414:Yom HaAliyah
338:Youth Aliyah
232:from Romania
157:
919:Arieh Navon
677:World War I
600:World War I
598:But, since
570:Farmers of
490:World War I
222:from Poland
215:post-Soviet
1047:Categories
1018:4 November
963:References
843:Golda Meir
634:Motivation
515:, 5% from
497:bellwether
245:Absorption
173:Aliyah Bet
120:Old Yishuv
823:Histadrut
709:socialist
690:in Europe
647:Holy Land
572:Ein Ganim
521:Lithuania
482:Palestine
467:romanized
307:Austerity
295:Ma'abarot
802:Tel Aviv
750:halutzim
744:Pioneers
734:HeHalutz
626:and the
125:Perushim
70:Negation
65:Diaspora
47:Concepts
24:a series
22:Part of
948:Palmach
827:Haganah
762:Zionism
668:in the
659:pogroms
620:pogroms
608:mandate
527:History
517:Romania
469::
275:Kibbutz
203:Lebanon
198:Morocco
87:Zionism
860:Ruslan
804:, 1921
681:Poland
666:Europe
616:Russia
574:, 1923
513:Poland
503:Ruslan
486:Europe
478:aliyah
458:Hebrew
389:Yerida
379:Yishuv
178:Bricha
163:Fourth
148:Second
32:Aliyah
508:Jaffa
484:from
384:Sabra
348:El Al
268:Ulpan
188:Yemen
168:Fifth
158:Third
143:First
1020:2023
914:Uman
841:and
736:and
720:and
452:The
193:Iraq
686:An
622:in
614:in
501:SS
1049::
1003:^
981:,
523:.
464:,
460::
26:on
1022:.
683:.
544:.
456:(
441:e
434:t
427:v
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