469:, and the organisation expanded in size and scope, becoming the Bold Evangelic Youth Organisation (once it began admitting whites) and then the Bold Evangelic Christian Association (once it began admitting adults). According to Ramaphosa's biographer Anthony Butler, Farisani became an important mentor to Ramaphosa and a major influence on his political thought.
706:. However, he resigned his seat in late 2010. He denied rumours that he had been pushed out to free up the seat for a younger ANC politician, saying that he had resigned voluntarily to devote more time to his ministerial duties. He remained an active preacher in Limpopo and was also an active member of the
465:. Together, Ramaphosa and Farisani had established the Black Evangelic Youth Organisation (BEYO), chaired by Ramaphosa and deputy chaired by Farisani. In the early 1970s, student members of BEYO conducted evangelical tours of rural villages in the region around
567:) were arrested in connection with the bombing of a Sibasa police station in October of that year. Farisani was held until June 1982 and subjected to further torture. Tshifhiwa Muofhe, a friend of Farisani who had been arrested with him, died in detention; an
626:
in his cell, which he maintained until his release on 20 January. In
February, the apartheid government declared him a "prohibited immigrant", a designation which effectively confined him to the Venda bantustan, obliging him to apply for a
617:
Farisani was arrested by the apartheid police for a final time on 22 November 1986, shortly after returning from his international trip. His detention attracted international attention; Amnesty
International designated him a
606:
at the time of the attack. In 1986, at the request of
Amnesty International, he travelled to Europe and the United States to testify about his torture, telling several audiences, including an American
426:
that was ascendant in South Africa in the 1960s and 1970s. In particular, Farisani argued strongly that apartheid was not God-given but was a manmade atrocity and that
Lutheranism should not be a
676:
1123:
703:
1264:
1331:
1234:
680:
874:
687:, Ramatlhodi reshuffled his executive and appointed Farisani MEC for Transport and Public Roads. He retained that portfolio until 2004, when, following the
1748:
1665:
640:
1014:
1838:
1868:
560:
him, including by dangling him from a third-floor window and suspending him from a pole. He was detained again later in 1977 and held into 1978.
1774:
430:
political force but a force for the liberation of the oppressed. In 1972, he was expelled from the
Lutheran Theological College at Umphumulo in
1863:
1858:
481:
1449:
607:
1585:
387:
800:
1853:
1843:
948:
853:
779:
762:
1666:"Address by the Minister of Arts and Culture, Ms Lulu Xingwana MP at the Budget Vote of the Department of Arts and Culture"
1611:
1722:
1503:
699:
688:
684:
652:
1401:
692:
367:
63:
1696:
1455:
808:
966:"Black Theology and the Black Masses: The Need of an Organic Relationship Between Black Theology and the Black Masses"
457:, while acting as a guest speaker at the debating society of Ramaphosa's boarding school, Mpaphuli High School in the
660:
631:
if he wished to cross into white South Africa. Later in 1987, he travelled to the United States for treatment at the
517:
1297:
1040:
529:
297:
35:
1363:
675:(MEC) for Agriculture in the Limpopo provincial government. During this period, Farisani was also a member of the
801:"General Notice: Notice 1319 of 1999 – Electoral Commission: Representatives Elected to the Various Legislatures"
672:
351:
124:
533:
343:
1477:
544:
on four separate occasions. On the first occasion in March 1977, he was arrested and detained for two days in
707:
639:, and he subsequently went into exile abroad. In 1996, he testified about his experience in detention at the
632:
571:
in July 1982 determined that he had been tortured to death by policemen. The case attracted the attention of
243:
1848:
711:
702:, in which he was elected to return to the National Assembly. He also became chairperson of the assembly's
477:
438:
320:
316:
153:
730:
In
September 2022, the Dr Tshenuwani Farisani Development Foundation was launched in Farisani's honour in
813:
1813:
683:) and served in that position until the committee's dissolution in 2001. In June 1999, following the
656:
454:
339:
231:
394:
his family was forcibly resettled several times. Farisani was a "brilliant" student and enrolled in
599:
441:
and frequently travelled the country conducting a mixture of political mobilisation and
Christian
595:
575:, which launched an international letter-writing campaign that helped secure Farisani's release.
541:
403:
496:, which included the Venda bantustan and some areas of neighbouring Transvaal. According to the
1828:
619:
611:
563:
His third detention began in
November 1981, when he and nineteen others (including three other
328:
1427:
602:
and always denied involvement in the 1981 bombing, saying that he was at a church meeting in
572:
545:
324:
221:
622:" and sent a representative to Venda to work for his release. On 1 January 1987, he began a
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591:
537:
379:
308:
8:
739:
498:
485:
423:
395:
300:
965:
1174:
735:
668:
587:
359:
217:
480:(BPC) from 1973 to 1975. He resigned from the BPC in 1975 when he was ordained in the
1371:
1272:
1210:
1193:
1166:
1089:
987:
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849:
775:
758:
664:
513:
504:
363:
347:
145:
1205:
1158:
977:
431:
411:
1749:"VBS saga: Parliamentary committee hears about lack of action from municipalities"
1559:
1081:
1534:
938:
843:
770:
753:
679:
in
Limpopo; in 1998, he was elected as provincial treasurer (under Ramatlhodi as
549:
446:
312:
509:
1511:
419:
92:
1809:
1822:
1803:
1375:
1276:
1194:"Clergy's resistance to Venda Homeland's independence in the 1970s and 1980s"
1170:
1093:
991:
623:
583:
473:
176:
117:
1640:
603:
427:
415:
87:
378:
Tshenuwani Simon
Farisani was born on 30 August 1948 in the region of the
731:
636:
628:
450:
407:
285:
970:
Scriptura: Journal for Biblical, Theological and Contextual Hermeneutics
1178:
1150:
442:
399:
56:
1535:"The ANC and the development of party politics in modern South Africa"
982:
458:
391:
289:
284:(born 30 August 1948) is a South African politician, theologian, and
1162:
323:
from 1973 to 1975. He was arrested on four occasions, according to
259:
532:, Farisani attracted the attention of Venda police forces and the
579:
568:
557:
493:
383:
355:
332:
1082:"Minister tells of his ordeals at hands of South African police"
564:
489:
466:
293:
1428:"Former Detainee Challenges His Tormentors to Testify to TRC"
553:
462:
437:
By then, Farisani was a prominent activist in the burgeoning
304:
1451:
South Africa: Campaign and Election Report April 26–29, 1994
1015:"South Africa Lutheran Pastor Tortured for Antiracist Views"
16:
South African politician, theologian, and Lutheran minister
875:"Foundation launched in honour of Dr Tshenuwani Farisani"
812:. Vol. 408, no. 20203. Pretoria, South Africa:
771:
In Transit: Between the Image of God and the Image of Man
671:(then known as Northern Province), appointed Farisani as
578:
Upon his release, Farisani sued the Venda government for
311:. He founded the Black Evangelic Youth Organisation with
586:
as a result of his torture, and the government paid him
1775:"Honorary doctorates for Dr Farisani and Prof Marwala"
338:
After the end of apartheid, Farisani represented the
1612:"Limpopo's newly elected premier announces his Exco"
905:"Simon Tshenuwani Farisani: A 'Political Priest'".
292:, he was one of the country's most prominent black
845:Cyril Ramaphosa: The Path to Power in South Africa
698:He left the provincial Speaker position after the
434:for rebelling against its conservative teachings.
366:, from 1997 to 2004, and from 2004 to 2009 he was
1820:
1124:"S. Africa Confines Lutheran Cleric to Homeland"
1041:"Black Peoples Convention – National Leadership"
610:, that he had been beaten unconscious and given
476:as president of the Black Consciousness-aligned
655:in 1994, Farisani was elected to represent the
710:(SACP); he was SACP regional treasurer in the
482:Evangelical Lutheran Church in Southern Africa
315:in the early 1970s and was also active in the
693:Speaker of the Limpopo Provincial Legislature
508:, he was considered a frontrunner to succeed
368:Speaker of the Limpopo Provincial Legislature
335:he was subjected to by the apartheid police.
64:Speaker of the Limpopo Provincial Legislature
1586:"MEC to be held accountable for road deaths"
552:and helping activists flee the country into
1540:. African Studies Centre Leiden. p. 19
848:. Oxford University Press. pp. 18–19.
734:. In November of that year, he received an
1723:"Cleric collapses after church burns down"
1265:"Torturous Tales From South African Jails"
1209:
981:
1478:"Northern Province executive reshuffled"
1402:"Police probe death threats on Farisani"
745:
646:
373:
1839:20th-century South African male writers
1697:"Two MPs resign to make way for others"
1262:
841:
704:Portfolio Committee on Arts and Culture
125:Member of the Limpopo Executive Council
1869:South African anti-apartheid activists
1821:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1635:
1633:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1263:Stewart, Richard H. (22 August 1987).
1191:
1148:
963:
936:
1864:African National Congress politicians
1859:South African prisoners and detainees
1560:"Ramatlhodi to keep seven of 10 MECs"
1532:
1361:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1326:
1324:
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1320:
1318:
1298:"Victims: Farisani, Tshenuwani Simon"
1258:
1256:
1229:
1227:
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1223:
1221:
1198:Studia Historiae Ecclesiasticae (SHE)
1118:
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1112:
1110:
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865:
1616:South African Government News Agency
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582:, claiming that he had suffered two
331:, and he testified abroad about the
1810:"Torture of a South African Pastor"
1684:
1630:
1526:
1496:
1389:
768:Farisani, Tshenuwani Simon (1990).
751:Farisani, Tshenuwani Simon (1987).
641:Truth and Reconciliation Commission
13:
1456:International Republican Institute
1364:"Abroad At Home; Refusing To Talk"
1350:
1332:"Fears Arise For Jailed Clergyman"
1315:
1253:
1218:
1107:
862:
809:Government Gazette of South Africa
793:
722:He is married to Regina Farisani.
677:ANC Provincial Executive Committee
14:
1880:
1797:
1510:. 27 October 1998. Archived from
1362:Lewis, Anthony (16 August 1987).
1059:
998:
917:
893:
828:
754:Diary from a South African Prison
518:South African Council of Churches
319:, especially as president of the
1235:"Pretoria Foe Said To Be Ailing"
717:
540:. Between 1977 and 1987, he was
472:In addition, Farisani succeeded
1767:
1741:
1715:
1658:
1604:
1578:
1552:
1504:"ANC Provincial Office Bearers"
1470:
1442:
1420:
1302:Truth Commission Special Report
1290:
1185:
1142:
673:Member of the Executive Council
556:. He said that police officers
352:Member of the Executive Council
36:Member of the National Assembly
1033:
957:
614:by the Venda security police.
548:on suspicion of fomenting the
386:. His father was a farmer and
344:Limpopo Provincial Legislature
1:
786:
708:South African Communist Party
633:Center for Victims of Torture
356:Limpopo provincial government
244:South African Communist Party
1854:Black Consciousness Movement
1844:20th-century Lutheran clergy
1211:10.17159/2412-4265/2016/1167
1045:South African History Online
523:
484:. In the 1980s, he became a
439:Black Consciousness movement
414:political interpretation of
317:Black Consciousness movement
7:
1149:Curran, Charles E. (1991).
410:Church. He subscribed to a
10:
1885:
943:. Jacana. pp. 39–44.
814:Government of South Africa
725:
653:first democratic elections
608:congressional subcommittee
1814:Lutheran World Federation
1508:African National Congress
1086:Christian Science Monitor
657:African National Congress
492:in the church's northern
478:Black People's Convention
455:President of South Africa
340:African National Congress
321:Black People's Convention
282:Tshenuwani Simon Farisani
275:
249:
237:
232:African National Congress
227:
201:
196:
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182:
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154:Black People's Convention
151:
141:
130:
123:
111:
101:
80:
69:
62:
52:
41:
34:
30:
23:
1670:South African Government
937:Butler, Anthony (2011).
445:. He had met a teenaged
1482:The Mail & Guardian
1151:"Two Nations Under God"
530:anti-apartheid activism
268:anti-apartheid activist
1430:. SAPA. 4 October 1996
964:Buffel, O. A. (2010).
681:provincial chairperson
620:prisoner of conscience
594:5,000) in a pre-trial
542:detained without trial
329:prisoner of conscience
1192:Kgatla, S.T. (2016).
842:Hartley, Ray (2018).
746:Selected publications
738:in theology from the
700:2009 general election
689:2004 general election
685:1999 general election
667:, in his capacity as
647:Post-apartheid career
573:Amnesty International
453:and a post-apartheid
374:Early life and career
325:Amnesty International
222:Union of South Africa
188:Hlaku Kenneth Rachidi
76:April 2004–April 2009
1806:at People's Assembly
732:Thohoyandou, Limpopo
550:1976 Soweto Uprising
538:South African Police
449:, later a prominent
358:under the inaugural
303:from his diocese in
137:July 1997–April 2004
1849:People from Limpopo
1533:Lodge, Tom (2003).
1514:on 21 February 1999
1047:. 19 September 2012
881:. 17 September 2022
740:University of Venda
714:region as of 2019.
691:, he was appointed
424:liberation theology
418:, aligned with the
406:in the Evangelical
396:theological college
301:liberation theology
25:Tshenuwani Farisani
1781:. 24 November 2022
1703:. 15 November 2010
1466:– via Yumpu.
1408:. 30 November 2006
1368:The New York Times
1338:. 30 November 1986
1130:. 25 February 1987
1019:Christianity Today
757:. Fortress Press.
736:honorary doctorate
669:Premier of Limpopo
651:In South Africa's
598:. He was released
388:traditional healer
380:Transvaal province
360:Premier of Limpopo
218:Northern Transvaal
1755:. 18 October 2019
1729:. 12 October 2010
1645:People's Assembly
1241:. 20 January 1987
983:10.7833/105-0-166
950:978-1-4314-0184-0
855:978-1-78738-092-9
780:978-0-8028-0438-9
774:. W.B. Eerdmans.
763:978-0-8006-2062-2
665:Ngoako Ramatlhodi
661:National Assembly
659:(ANC) in the new
514:secretary general
364:Ngoako Ramatlhodi
348:National Assembly
286:Lutheran minister
279:
278:
152:President of the
146:Ngoako Ramatlhodi
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996:
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914:
913:(3). 1 May 1987.
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891:
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888:
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871:
860:
859:
839:
826:
825:
823:
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805:
797:
663:. In July 1997,
215:
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197:Personal details
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74:
46:
21:
20:
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1341:
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1336:Washington Post
1330:
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1316:
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1304:
1296:
1295:
1291:
1281:
1279:
1269:Washington Post
1261:
1254:
1244:
1242:
1239:Washington Post
1233:
1232:
1219:
1190:
1186:
1163:10.2307/2934906
1157:(54): 116–121.
1147:
1143:
1133:
1131:
1128:Washington Post
1122:
1121:
1108:
1098:
1096:
1088:. 3 July 1984.
1080:
1079:
1060:
1050:
1048:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1024:
1022:
1021:. 18 March 1983
1013:
1012:
999:
962:
958:
951:
940:Cyril Ramaphosa
935:
918:
904:
903:
894:
884:
882:
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856:
840:
829:
819:
817:
803:
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789:
748:
728:
720:
649:
612:electric shocks
534:Security Branch
528:Because of his
526:
499:Washington Post
447:Cyril Ramaphosa
398:to prepare for
376:
313:Cyril Ramaphosa
271:
239:
238:Other political
228:Political party
216:
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1817:
1816:
1812:(1984) by the
1807:
1804:T. S. Farisani
1799:
1798:External links
1796:
1793:
1792:
1766:
1740:
1714:
1683:
1672:. 19 June 2009
1657:
1641:"T S Farisani"
1629:
1603:
1592:. 2 April 2004
1577:
1566:. 23 June 1999
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879:Limpopo Mirror
861:
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816:. 11 June 1999
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600:without charge
525:
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451:trade unionist
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298:anti-apartheid
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1829:Living people
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1484:. 1 July 1997
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265:theologian
256:Politician
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208:1948-08-30
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1376:0362-4331
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459:bantustan
392:apartheid
309:Transvaal
294:clergymen
290:apartheid
288:. During
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162:In office
133:In office
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558:tortured
408:Lutheran
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1727:Sowetan
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536:of the
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