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187:
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261:
663:
2183:
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in China in 1949. Burma accepted foreign assistance in rebuilding the country in these early years, but continued
American support for the Chinese Nationalist military presence in Burma finally resulted in the country rejecting most foreign aid, refusing to join the
1286:
1043:), the Revolutionary Burma Army (RBA) led by communist officers Bo Zeya, Bo Yan Aung and Bo Yè Htut (all three of them members of the Thirty Comrades), and the
2295:
1455:
1220:(URC), which consisted of senior military officers. Sao Shwe Thaik's son, Sao Mye Thaik, was shot dead in what was generally described as a "bloodless" coup.
1134:
Army hardliners now saw the 'threat' of the CPB coming to an agreement with U Nu through the NUF, and in the end U Nu "invited" Army Chief of Staff
General
2290:
819:
2231:
571:
51:
2270:
98:
1312:
70:
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77:
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By 1958, the country was largely beginning to recover economically, but was beginning to fall apart politically due to a split in the
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84:
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907:
857:
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1849:
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states: "The official language of the Union shall be
Burmese, provided that the use of the English language may be permitted."
1076:
of 1955. Burma generally strove to be impartial in world affairs and was one of the first countries in the world to recognise
2310:
66:
2300:
1868:
1677:
1201:
movement insisting on the government honouring the right to secession in ten years provided for by the 1947 Constitution.
1787:
1672:
1652:
901:
1890:
1741:
1069:
117:
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1999:
1435:
987:
895:
889:
863:
1994:
1233:
20:
186:
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1177:
successfully stabilised the situation and paved the way for new general elections in 1960 that returned U Nu's
55:
1667:
1209:
531:
91:
1933:
1878:
1721:
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to take over the country. Over 400 "communist sympathisers" were arrested, of which 153 were deported to the
368:
2009:
1953:
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1822:
1807:
1761:
1736:
1632:
1607:
1486:
1064:
913:
869:
827:
556:
172:
2142:
2067:
1967:
1928:
1726:
1701:
1236:(BSPP) on 4 July 1962 to nominally separate the powers of the military from the government and to lead a
1217:
1119:
groups, but more significantly by the PVO surrendering their arms. The situation became very unstable in
980:
947:
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927:
883:
508:
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2157:
2029:
1984:
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1812:
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1479:
1257:
1028:
937:
44:
1918:
1817:
1370:
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672:
605:
192:
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2014:
1989:
1948:
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1834:
1802:
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1044:
813:
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of their feudal powers in exchange for comfortable pensions for life in 1959. He staged a
8:
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2019:
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2004:
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2024:
1979:
1829:
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833:
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807:
767:
692:
678:
260:
2211:
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1193:(the first President of independent Burma 1948–1952) and aspiring to a "loose"
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970:
773:
711:
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with a large majority. The situation did not remain stable for long, when the
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1289:[1961 Act of the Third Amendment of the Constitution] (in Burmese).
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1938:
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549:
251:
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insurgencies. Prominent insurgent groups during this period include the
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also disappeared mysteriously after being stopped at a checkpoint near
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1091:(AFPFL) into two factions, one led by Thakins Nu and Tin, the other by
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332:
1147:
1012:
399:
1436:"Party-State Manqué: Ne Win and the Burma Socialist Programme Party"
33:
1839:
1471:
1287:၁၉၆၁ခုနှစ် ဖွဲ့စည်းအုပ်ချုပ်ပုံအခြေခံဥပဒေ (တတိယပြင်ဆင်ချက်) အက်ဥပဒေ
1229:
1212:, arrested U Nu, Sao Shwe Thaik and several others, and declared a
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1305:"၁၉၆၁ ခုနှစ်၊ နိုင်ငံတော်ဘာသာသာသနာချီးမြှောက်ထောက်ပံ့ရေးအက်ဥပဒေ"
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1131:(NUF), believed to have "crypto-communists" amongst them.
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1103:'s "Arms for Democracy" offer taken up by U Seinda in
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19:"Union of Burma" redirects here. For other uses, see
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1307:[1961 year, State Religion Promotion Act].
1204:Ne Win had already succeeded in stripping the Shan
58:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1518:
1419:(1st ed.). London and New Jersey: Zed Books.
152:
1309:Constitutional Tribunal of the Union, Law Library
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1416:Burma: Insurgency and the politics of ethnicity
2296:States and territories disestablished in 1962
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1099:. This was despite the unexpected success of
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1440:Japanese Journal of Southeast Asian Studies
2291:States and territories established in 1948
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118:Learn how and when to remove this message
16:State in Southeast Asia from 1948 to 1962
1127:only with the support of the opposition
1007:The first fourteen years of independent
1035:, the People's Volunteer Organisation (
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1377:from the original on 14 September 2020
1039:) led by Bo La Yaung (a member of the
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2194:
1501:
1315:from the original on 25 October 2022
1089:Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League
56:adding citations to reliable sources
27:
1653:State Peace and Development Council
13:
1258:Constitution of the Union of Burma
1070:Southeast Asia Treaty Organisation
1061:an army of Kuomintang (KMT) forces
1059:were for many years controlled by
154:Pranyhtaungcu. Mranma Nuingngamtau
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2271:History of Myanmar (1948–present)
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1146:. Among them was the NUF leader
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1234:Burma Socialist Programme Party
67:"Union of Burma" 1948–1962
43:needs additional citations for
21:Union of Burma (disambiguation)
2306:1962 disestablishments in Asia
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1434:Yoshihiro, Nakanishi (2003).
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1185:Federal Movement, started by
140:ပြည်ထောင်စုမြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်
2311:History of Myanmar by period
1862:State Administration Council
1608:Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom
1371:"Myanmar Since Independence"
1272:
1232:. The URC later founded the
1023:(CPB, "white flags") led by
221:Sa.ma.ganam ta.pau: su.hkau:
7:
2301:1948 establishments in Asia
1663:2011–2015 political reforms
1218:Union Revolutionary Council
1210:coup d'état on 2 March 1962
1072:(SEATO) and supporting the
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225:"Happiness through harmony"
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1519:Myanmar is also known as
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1123:, with U Nu surviving a
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471:Chamber of Nationalities
437:• 1960–1962 (last)
395:• 1957–1962 (last)
2316:20th century in Myanmar
2158:Twelve Auspicious Rites
1939:Myanmar kyat (currency)
1170:were also closed down.
1029:Communist Party (Burma)
1011:were marred by several
846:British colonial period
278:Official languages
1413:Smith, Martin (1991).
1452:10.20495/tak.41.3_330
1129:National United Front
1031:("red flags") led by
820:Nyaungyan Restoration
747:Warring states period
673:Prehistory of Myanmar
1995:Environmental issues
1954:Units of measurement
1601:First Toungoo Empire
1175:caretaker government
1045:Karen National Union
864:Nationalist movement
828:Restored Hanthawaddy
814:First Toungoo Empire
790:1287–1539, 1550–1552
52:improve this article
2243: /
1633:Japanese occupation
1586:Hanthawaddy Kingdom
1150:, older brother of
896:Ne Win dictatorship
870:Japanese occupation
858:Resistance movement
788:Hanthawaddy Kingdom
739:Early Pagan Kingdom
520:• Established
486:Chamber of Deputies
207:သမဂ္ဂါနံ တပေါ သုခေါ
2218:Outline of Myanmar
1934:Telecommunications
1850:commander-in-chief
1643:Socialist Republic
1591:Kingdom of Mrauk U
1325:တည်ဆဲဥပဒေဖြစ်ပါသည်
1125:no-confidence vote
1074:Bandung Conference
971:Myanmar portal
902:SLORC / SPDC junta
852:Anglo-Burmese Wars
800:Kingdom of Mrauk U
721:Arakanese kingdoms
689:Sri Ksetra Kingdom
655:History of Myanmar
2247:16.850°N 96.183°E
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2010:Human trafficking
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1961:
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1869:Political parties
1808:Foreign relations
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1769:
1561:Myinsaing Kingdom
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1293:. 26 August 1961.
1065:Communist victory
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681:200 BCE – 1050 CE
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1972:
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1291:Union Parliament
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1197:, was seen as a
1055:Remote areas of
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990:
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948:Military history
943:Royal chronicles
933:List of capitals
890:AFPFL government
834:Konbaung dynasty
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2148:Public holidays
2039:
2035:Sex trafficking
1958:
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1835:Law enforcement
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1742:Protected areas
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1596:Toungoo dynasty
1571:Sagaing Kingdom
1546:Pyu city-states
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1238:one-party state
1214:socialist state
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1041:Thirty Comrades
1025:Thakin Than Tun
1009:Burma (Myanmar)
1001:
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808:Toungoo dynasty
768:Sagaing Kingdom
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693:Tagaung Kingdom
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2286:1960s in Burma
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2281:1950s in Burma
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2276:1940s in Burma
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2252:16.850; 96.183
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1638:Union of Burma
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1623:Karenni States
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1576:Kingdom of Ava
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1551:Thaton Kingdom
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1446:(3): 330–360.
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1398:, p. 330.
1396:Yoshihiro 2003
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1373:. Britannica.
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1191:Sao Shwe Thaik
1057:northern Burma
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712:Thaton Kingdom
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675:11,000–200 BCE
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619:Union of Burma
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524:4 January 1948
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492:Historical era
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411:Prime minister
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351:dominant-party
330:
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308:state religion
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134:Union of Burma
133:
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40:
38:
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15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1581:Prome Kingdom
1579:
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953:Military rule
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567:ISO 3166 code
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69: –
68:
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63:Find sources:
57:
53:
47:
46:
41:This article
39:
35:
30:
29:
26:
22:
2228:
2210:
2198:
2186:
2030:Prostitution
1985:Demographics
1924:Central bank
1813:Human rights
1793:Constitution
1637:
1628:British rule
1520:
1460:. Retrieved
1443:
1439:
1415:
1391:
1379:. Retrieved
1365:
1324:
1317:. Retrieved
1308:
1299:
1281:
1252:
1226:Sao Kya Seng
1203:
1172:
1167:
1161:
1156:
1140:Coco Islands
1133:
1086:
1054:
1036:
1006:
916:2021–present
702:Mon kingdoms
588:Succeeded by
587:
582:
550:Burmese kyat
537:2 March 1962
360:
342:
230:
203:Motto:
202:
114:
108:October 2014
105:
95:
88:
81:
74:
62:
50:Please help
45:verification
42:
25:
2250: /
1919:Agriculture
1757:Earthquakes
1618:Shan States
1216:run by the
1187:Nyaung Shwe
1179:Union Party
1144:Andaman Sea
794:Shan States
583:Preceded by
480:Lower house
465:Upper house
452:Legislature
306:(majority;
2265:Categories
2128:Literature
2083:Censorship
2063:State Seal
1857:Parliament
1798:Corruption
1722:Ecoregions
1541:Prehistory
1426:0862328683
1358:Smith 1991
1268:References
1199:separatist
1195:federation
1121:parliament
1097:Kyaw Nyein
1063:after the
1037:Yèbaw Hpyu
1033:Thakin Soe
884:Modern era
848:1824–1948
810:1510–1752
754:1297–1555
328:Government
316:Demonym(s)
310:from 1961)
78:newspapers
2153:Tattooing
2113:Festivals
2108:Etymology
2015:Languages
1990:Education
1874:President
1803:Elections
1762:Volcanoes
1737:Mountains
1690:Geography
1678:Civil war
1668:2021 coup
1273:Citations
1256:The 1947
1173:Ne Win's
1157:Botataung
1148:Aung Than
1013:communist
914:SAC junta
910:2011–2015
904:1988–2010
898:1962–1988
892:1948–1962
872:1942–1945
866:1900–1948
860:1885–1895
854:1824–1885
836:1752–1885
830:1740–1757
822:1599–1752
816:1510–1599
802:1429–1785
796:1215–1563
782:1482–1542
776:1365–1555
770:1315–1365
764:1297–1365
758:Myinsaing
735:849–1297
723:788?–1406
557:Drives on
400:Win Maung
369:President
300:Religion
241:(Burmese)
236:ကမ္ဘာမကြေ
163:1948–1962
2238:096°11′E
2188:Category
2163:Weddings
2123:Folklore
2093:Clothing
2073:Calendar
2068:Capitals
2020:Religion
1840:Military
1830:Conflict
1776:Politics
1752:Wildlife
1673:Protests
1507:articles
1456:Archived
1381:19 March
1375:Archived
1319:25 March
1313:Archived
1230:Taunggyi
1152:Aung San
928:Timeline
741:849–1044
546:Currency
496:Cold War
361:de facto
357:republic
339:republic
304:Buddhism
2235:16°51′N
2200:Commons
2098:Cuisine
2045:Culture
1968:Society
1944:Tourism
1907:Economy
1727:Islands
1712:Climate
1702:Borders
1533:History
1503:Myanmar
1406:Sources
1224:Sawbwa
1206:Sawbwas
1189:Sawbwa
1142:in the
1111:, some
1051:History
1047:(KNU).
938:Leaders
644:Myanmar
530:•
507:•
478:•
463:•
348:Unitary
343:de jure
333:Federal
321:Burmese
294:English
282:Burmese
272:Rangoon
268:Capital
231:Anthem:
147:Burmese
92:scholar
2212:Portal
2088:Cinema
2078:Zodiac
2058:Anthem
2005:Health
1747:Rivers
1707:Cities
1505:
1462:2 June
1423:
1222:Thibaw
1163:Kyemon
1154:. The
1136:Ne Win
1107:, the
1105:Arakan
1093:Ba Swe
1078:Israel
1027:, the
1017:ethnic
415:
373:
239:
233:
210:
143:
94:
87:
80:
73:
65:
2138:Music
2133:Media
2103:Dance
2025:Women
1980:Crime
1732:Lakes
1521:Burma
1244:Notes
1082:China
99:JSTOR
85:books
2118:Flag
1891:list
1879:list
1818:LGBT
1464:2022
1421:ISBN
1383:2020
1321:2022
1183:Shan
1166:and
1117:Shan
1115:and
1109:Pa'O
1101:U Nu
1095:and
1080:and
1015:and
760:and
561:left
442:U Nu
430:U Nu
214:Pali
193:Seal
179:Flag
71:news
2053:Art
1448:doi
1113:Mon
54:by
2267::
1454:.
1444:41
1438:.
1332:^
1323:.
1311:.
1240:.
1160:,
1084:.
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23:.
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