3048:(organization or person that sponsored the work); an edition may have a printer's name in larger type than the publisher, but for citation purposes we care about the publisher. If the distinction cannot be determined for certain in a particular case, list both. While some off-site publishers lean toward omitting publishing locations, they can serve more than purely bibliographical purposes on Knowledge (e.g. an overabundance of material published in one place in an article about another place may reveal an editorial bias).
5879:
5735:
121:
4285:. To make rendered cs1|2 citations that link to PDF documents somewhat more accessible, cs1|2 automatically adds a parenthetical PDF annotation so that those readers using screen-reader technology can know the type of the linked file. This is imperfect because some on-line sources redirect .pdf URLs to .html landing pages (this is common for PDF documents behind paywalls or registration barriers). Because the parenthetical PDF annotation happens automatically, editors are not required to set
4252:: Format of the document at its URL (e.g., PDF, XLS, etc.). Do not specify for HTML as it is implied as the default. Do not use this parameter for completely different purposes, with annotations such as "fee required" or "reprint"; its intent is to notify readers what the file format is (e.g. in case some browsers might have trouble with it, or some might prefer to save the link to disk rather than open it in the browser). Access restrictions can be shown using the appropriate
5870:
5724:
5888:
5746:
2270:, etc.; use either standard title case or sentence case consistently. If the cited source is itself notable and has a Knowledge article, the title can be wikilinked. Wikilinking the title will make it impossible to use the "url" parameter to link to an external copy of the cited source, so only do this when citing works that do not need to be externally linked. A link to the actual source is preferred to a link to a Knowledge article about the source.
2763:, which is for the publishing company. If the work is notable and has an article in Knowledge, it should be wiki-linked at first appearance in citations in the article. If the "title" is already linked-to externally, do not externally link to the "work". If the work title as given by the site/publication would be exactly or substantially the same as the name of the publisher, do not use the "publisher" parameter (see below for more detail).
7649:"Some numbered series have gone on so long that, as with certain long-lived journals, numbering has started over again, preceded by n.s. (new series), 2nd ser. (second series), or some similar notation, usually enclosed in commas. (A change of publisher may also be the occasion for a change in series designation.) Books in the old series may be identified by o.s., 1st ser., or whatever complements the notation for the new series."
35:
6092:
5705:
5686:. As a courtesy to readers and other editors, editors should signal restrictions on access to material provided via the external links included in a citation. These levels describe requirements or constraints related to accessing and viewing the cited material; they are not intended to indicate the ability to reuse, or the copyright status, of the material, since that status is not relevant to
2847:, and most off-Knowledge citation guides, suggest that it should be used for books (even famous ones), but not necessarily other works. The "publisher" parameter should not be included for widely-known mainstream news sources, for major academic journals, or where it would be the same or mostly the same as the work. For example, the "publisher" parameter should be omitted in these examples:
2839:
here. They are usually safe to omit, but are usefully included where the publisher's name might be confusing without it. This is most often the case when the publisher's name is something like "Joshua Martin
Publications", which without the designation might be mistaken for a co-author/editor. A leading "The" can generally be omitted, again unless confusion might result (e.g., for
3054:: Date of publication when different from the date the work was written. Displays only if date or year are defined and only if different, else publication-date is used and displayed as date. Use the same format as other dates in the article; do not wikilink. Follows publisher; if work is not defined, then publication-date is preceded by "published" and enclosed in parenthesis.
98:
2843:, "The" is part of their official acronym, TICA). If the publisher is notable and has an article independent of the "work", the "publisher" parameter can include a wiki-link to that article, but should never externally link to the publisher's website. Whether the publisher needs to be included depends to an extent on the type of work and sometimes on its recognizability.
2780:). If no clear title can be identified, or the title explicitly is the domain name, then use the site's domain name. Do not falsify the work's name by adding descriptive verbiage like "Website of " or "'s Homepage". Capitalize for reading clarity, and omit "www.", e.g. convert "www.veterinaryresourcesuk.com" to "VeterinaryResourcesUK.com".
3982:: place in the cited source containing the information that supports the article text when a page number is not given, is inappropriate or is insufficient. Common examples include column or col., paragraph or para. and section or sec. Depending on the source being cited, other indicators may be appropriate to use with the
1605:, they are capitalized when used as dates in CS1 templates, and the capitalization of the season stated by the source may be altered to follow this convention. In cases where the date as expressed in the source is not compatible with the template software, the citation should be created without using a template.
5822:
are presumed to be free-to-read. When they are not free-to-read, editors should mark those sources with the matching access-indicator parameter so that an appropriate icon is included in the rendered citation. Because the sources linked by these URL-holding parameters are presumed to be free-to-read,
2796:
If the titled item being cited is part of some other larger work, as in a book in a series, a special issue of a periodical, or a sub-site at a domain (e.g., you are citing the law school's section of a university's website system), it is usually better to use the name of that more specific work than
2338:
are wrapped in special HTML markup to isolate RTL script from adjacent left-to-right text. Part of that special markup is a language attribute that browsers can use to assist in the proper display of the script. Editors must add a prefix to the script that will identify the language. The prefix is
2288:
are wrapped in special HTML markup to isolate RTL script from adjacent left-to-right text. Part of that special markup is a language attribute that browsers can use to assist in the proper display of the script. Editors must add a prefix to the script that will identify the language. The prefix is
7639:
can be used, even if this would resolve to an independent external site. In the absence of a local article such links can help to at least establish a connection to a particular author and, if an article gets created in the
English Knowledge as well in the future, these links can be fixed up by bots
6894:
Identifiers are checked for validity to the extent possible. In rare cases, identifiers actually used in published works deviate from the checked standard format but are nonetheless valid. If the problem is down to a mere typographical error in a third-party source, correct the identifier instead of
5085:
Hyphens in the ISBN are optional, but preferred. Use the ISBN actually printed on or in the book. Use the 13-digit ISBN – beginning with 978 or 979 – when it is available. If only a 10-digit ISBN is printed on or in the book, use it. ISBNs can be found on the page with the publisher's information –
2838:
and other publishers). "Publisher", "Publishing" and "Publications" can be abbreviated "Pubr.", "Pubg." and "Pubs." respectively, but some templates in this series include a period (full-stop) immediately after this parameter, so the period may have to be omitted; check the output if you abbreviate
2257:
unless the cited source covers a scientific, legal or other technical topic and sentence case is the predominant style in journals on that topic. Use either title case or sentence case consistently throughout the article. Do not omit a leading "The" from the title. Subtitles are typically separated
6044:
Links inserted by named identifiers are presumed to lie behind a paywall or registration barrier – exceptions listed below. When they are free-to-read, editors should mark those sources with the matching access-indicator parameter so that an appropriate icon is included in the rendered citation.
4147:
displays as: Revised third ed. The edition parameter can be omitted if there is no content difference between two editions of the same work; e.g. if a book was identically published in the UK and the US except, for example, ISBN number and cover art, it is not necessary to indicate either "UK" or
1600:
Prescriptions about date formats apply only when the date is expressed in terms of Julian or
Gregorian dates, or when the date contains one of the seasons (spring, summer, autumn or fall, winter). Sources are at liberty to use other ways of expressing dates, such as "spring/summer" or a date in a
4293:
parameter may be deleted as part of a more substantial edit but editors should consider that many cs1|2 templates are copied from en.Knowledge to other-language
Wikipedias when articles here are translated to that other language. Do not assume that other-language Wikipedias use up-to-date cs1|2
6943:
Spaces are inserted between commas and succeeding characters in comma-separated lists of issues, a hyphen is converted to an ndash in issue ranges, etc. A hyphenated issue number and an issue range cannot be distinguished, nor can a four-or-more-digit number with a thousands-separator from a
5529:
In very rare cases, identifiers are published which do not follow their defined standard format or use non-conforming checksums. These would typically cause an error message to be shown. Do not alter them to match a different checksum. In order to suppress the error message, some identifiers
2671:. Do not use templates or wikilinks. Displays in parentheses with "in" before the language name or names. When the only source language is English, no language is displayed in the citation. The use of languages recognized by the citation module adds the page to the appropriate subcategory of
6965:
Spaces are inserted between commas and succeeding characters in comma-separated lists of volumes, a hyphen is converted to an ndash in volume ranges, etc. A hyphenated volume and an volume range cannot be distinguished, nor can a four-or-more-digit volume with a thousands-separator from a
6978:
Spaces are inserted between commas and succeeding characters in comma-separated lists of pages, a hyphen is converted to an ndash in page ranges, etc. A hyphenated page number and a page range cannot be distinguished, nor can a four-or-more-digit number with a thousands-separator from a
3064:
the publisher). "via" is not a replacement for "publisher", but provides additional detail. It may be used when the content deliverer presents the source in a format other than the original, or when the URL provided does not make clear the identity of the deliverer, or as suggested in
1293:
This HTML comment alerts fact-checking and citation-fixing editors, and potentially bots, that the cited source did not name an author—the author was not overlooked. Without this entry editors and bots would waste time researching cited sources for a non-existent author credit.
4568:
Single apostrophes do not need to be encoded; however, unencoded multiples will be parsed as italic or bold markup. Single curly closing braces also do not need to be encoded; however, an unencoded pair will be parsed as the double closing braces for the template transclusion.
4597:
is not required for links to copies of published research papers accessed via DOI or a published book, but should be used for links to news articles on commercial websites (these can change from time to time, even if they are also published in a physical medium). Note that
1156:
referring to this author's number in the list). Because the shorthand parameters might erroneously have been used also for editors and other types of contributors by some
Wikipedians in the past, please make sure that the parameters actually refer to authors when expanding
2919:
to explicitly indicate that this was checked, so other editors do not waste time duplicating your fruitless efforts. Do not guess at the publisher when this information is not clear. See next entry for co-published works and how to specify multiple publishers and their
2830:: the name of the organization that actually published the source. The field should not include the corporate designation such as "Ltd" or "Inc.", unless some ambiguity would result or the organization is usually known with that designation even in everyday use (e.g.
3864:
of the following parameters in a given citation to refer to the specific page(s) or place in a cited source that contains the information that supports the article text. If more than one of the following parameters are used in the same citation, the error message
4746:
The following identifiers create links and are designed to accept a single value. Using multiple values or other text will break the link and/or invalidate the identifier. In general, the parameters should include only the variable part of the identifier, e.g.
6632:
will be used as (linked) text. In either case, you must still include the values for all names for metadata purposes. Primarily intended for use with bibliographies or bibliography styles where multiple works by a single author are listed sequentially such as
268:
Indicates that the corresponding tool or gadget can generate the template anytime user wishes. However, this does not mean that the tool or gadget fully supports all parameters or provides an interface for them. In fact, none of the mentioned items do so.
6541:); terminal punctuation is omitted; where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are not capitalized ('retrieved...'). These styles correspond to Citation Style 1 and Citation Style 2 respectively. To override default terminal punctuation use
1924:
If dates are used, the year range is 100 to present without era indication (AD, BC, CE, BCE). In the case where the same author has written more than one work in the same year, a lower-case letter may be appended to the year in the date parameter
4172:: For a source published in several volumes. This field is displayed in bold after the title and series parameters. An alternative is to include the volume information in the title parameter after the main title. Separate volume ranges with an
6815:
parameters (including their enumerated variants) are checked for extra comma and semicolon separator characters, which may indicate that the parameter is holding more than one name. If so, the list of names should be split up over multiple
3111:{{Cite dictionary |entry=skeptic |entry-url=https://www.dictionary.com/browse/skeptic?s=t#collins-section |title=] |edition=Complete & Unabridged Digital |date=2012 |location=London |publisher=] |via=] |access-date=29 September 2024}}
6776:
emits error or maintenance messages because of, or makes changes to, the values assigned to a select set of parameters. Special markup can be used to enforce that a value will nonetheless be accepted as written. The markup for this is
5090:. Do not convert a 10-digit ISBN to 13-digit by just adding the 978 prefix; the last digit is a calculated check digit and just making changes to the numbers will make the ISBN invalid. This parameter should hold only the ISBN without
2759:), and others where the citation is usually to a specific item (given in the "title" parameter) found in a larger work (this "work" parameter), most commonly an article in a website or print periodical, or an episode in a TV series.
4214:
depending on what nomenclature is actually used in a publication. If a publication carries both, issue and number designations (typically one being a year-relative and the other an absolute value), provide them both, for example
4148:"US" edition; or if citing minute:seconds of a film available in both a regular edition and a "Special Limited Collector's Edition", if the running time and cut are the same, it is not necessary to cite the particular edition.
2357:: If the cited source is in a foreign language, an English translation of the cited chapter title can be given here. This field will be displayed in square brackets within the quotation marks that enclose the chapter field.
6704:
Controls the number of author (or other kind of contributor) names that are displayed. By default, all authors are displayed. To change the displayed number of names, set the parameter to the desired number. For example,
5094:
additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens, with "X" permitted as the last character in a 10-digit ISBN – and the proper check digit. Aliases:
2105:
Example: to have the CS1/CS2 templates in an article render their publication dates in the long form (fully spelled-out month names) with access-/archive-dates rendered in short form (abbreviated month names), write:
150:
that can be modified to create different styles for different referenced materials. Its purpose is to provide a set of default formats for references on
Knowledge. It includes a series of templates that in turn use
4143:: Identifies the particular edition of a cited source when the source has more than one edition, such as "2nd", "Revised", etc. Note that this parameter automatically displays " ed." after your entry. For example,
2906:
in such a case, but some printed style guides suggest "author", while many
Knowledge editors have used "self-published" for increased clarity. When an exhaustive attempt to discover the name of the publisher (try
2976:. The location parameter should be used when the location is part of a common appellation of but not the actual title of a periodical. For example, the newspaper formerly known as and sometimes still called the
222:; many were developed independently of CS1 and are not compliant with the CS1 style. There are also a number of templates that use one of the general use templates as a meta-template to cite a specific source.
6184:
Some named-identifiers are always free-to-read. For those named identifiers there are no access-indicator parameters; the access level is automatically indicated by the template. These named identifiers are:
5086:
usually the back of the title page – or beneath the barcode as a number beginning with 978 or 979 (barcodes beginning with any other numbers are not ISBNs). For sources with the older 9-digit SBN system, use
189:
If the article you are editing is already using a particular citation style, you should follow it; if you believe it is inappropriate for the needs of the article, seek consensus for a change on the talk
6760:('and others'). It is used to complete a list of authors of a published work, where the complete list is considered overly long. The abbreviation is widely used in English, thus it is not italicized per
2818:. If the nature of the work and its relation to the site, book, or other context in which it is found is complicated or confusing, simply explain the situation after the citation template and before the
1491:: This parameter is used to credit contributors other than an author or an editor, such as an illustrator. You should include both the type of contribution and the name of the contributor, for example
3986:
parameter including, but not limited to, track, hours, minutes and seconds, act, scene, canto, book, part, folio, stanza, back cover, liner notes, indicia, colophon, dust jacket, etc. Examples include
6312:: Relevant text quoted from the source. Displays enclosed in quotes. When supplied, the citation terminator (a period by default) is suppressed, so the quote must include terminating punctuation. If
6334:: Original quotation for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in
6820:-enumerated parameters. Corporate names, however, are sometimes comma-separated lists of names as well and so are erroneously flagged as a multiple-name error; markup can be used to indicate this.
6045:
When the sources linked by these named-identifier parameters are not presumed to carry a free-to-read full text (for instance because they're just abstracting services), they may not be marked as
2618:
will show "(Press release)" by default. Other useful values are: Review, Systemic review, Report, Abstract, Meta-analysis, Original article, Oral history, Email, Website, Text, Document. Alias:
106:
This is an introductory how-to for
Knowledge's most frequently used citation style. It does not cover every option of every citation template. See individual templates' documentation (e.g. at
7093:
as being redundant. There are cases where trailing dots are not redundant but are part of the title proper so should be retained. The parameter may also accept a number of special keywords (
2307:: If the cited source is in a foreign language, an English translation of the title can be given here. This field will be displayed in square brackets after the title and will be linked to
6737:
empty is the same as omitting it, but is ambiguous. Additional text, or templates that render more than a single terminating punctuation character, will generate a maintenance message.
2317:: The title of the cited chapter from the source, written in full. Displayed in quotes before the title. For websites arranged in sections the "at" parameter serves a similar function:
1312:
organizational citation when the cited source, such as a committee report, specifically names an official body or a sub-unit of the publisher as the collective author of the work, e.g.
1244:{{cite book |author-last1=Hawking |author-first1=Stephen |author-link1=Stephen Hawking |author-last2=Hawking |author-first2=Lucy |title=George's Secret Key to the Universe |date=2007}}
2793:) because specialists in the field the journal covers usually already know what these abbreviations mean. Our readers usually do not, so these abbreviations should always be expanded.
2772:
of the homepage, which may appear as the page title in your browser tab, depending on browser). Do not append ".com" or the like if the site's actual title does not include it (thus
1820:
8757:
2675:. Because cs1|2 templates are often copied from en.wiki to other wikis, the use of language codes is preferred so that language names render in the correct language and form, e.g.
6375:. These styles use in-text cites with a link that will jump to the ID created by the CS1 template. The ID is created from up to four author last names and the year, of the format
4188:
is used when you are citing both non-contiguous and sequential volumes. For volume numbers higher than 999, either do not use thousands separators or enclose the volume number in
4316:
Links to sources are regarded as conveniences and are not required, except when citing Web-only sources. There are many digital libraries with works that may be used as sources.
2956:
for much of their lives. If in doubt, be more not less specific, since "Toronto, Canada" and "San
Francisco, California" do not actually hurt anything. Be more specific when a
1906:
3040:, etc., parameters. For historical publications that are still worth citing and still findable (e.g. via book digitizers – see the "via" parameter below), do not confuse the
3952:
is used when you are citing both non-contiguous and sequential pages. For page numbers higher than 999, either do not use thousands separators or enclose the page number in
1220:{{cite book |author-last1=Hawking |author-first1=Stephen |author-link1=Stephen Hawking |author-last2=Hawking |author-first2=Lucy |title=George's Secret Key to the Universe}}
170:. Editors may choose any option they want; one article need not match what is done in other articles or what is done in professional publications or recommended by academic
9538:
7119:) taking precedence over free text input to specify a link target; if a value also matching a keyword is meant as actual link target, markup can be used to indicate this.
4344:
Very short extracts such as Google Books snippet view where there is not enough context to verify the content, unless the entire work is also freely available there. (See
206:
7657:, was numbered volumes 1–35 from 1893 to 1912 (the first series). From 1913 to 1969, the volume numbering restarted at 1 and went up to 188 (the second series). In 1970,
7097:, etc.) taking precedence over free text input to specify a title; if a value also matching a keyword is meant as actual title text, markup can be used to indicate this.
4089:
is defined. Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes; if hyphens are appropriate because individual page numbers contain hyphens, for example: pp. 3-1–3-15, use
1734:
5765:
1779:
1766:; the specific, modern, published edition read by the editor is what goes in the source citation. Thus, the date of the source actually consulted should be provided in
2249:, where the title is shown in quotation marks. For templates like these that show the title in quotation marks, any double quotation marks inside the title should be
3013:, provide the location of the edition you are using (e.g., if a publisher has operations in both New York and London and you have the London-published edition, use
6614:
to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, "with". The numeric value 0 is a special case to be used in conjunction with
5730:: a free registration with the provider is required to access the source, even if a limited preview, abstract or review may still be available without registration
4667:
are required, else an error will show. When an archived link is used, the citation displays with the title linked to the archive and the original link at the end:
1744:
1688:
1619:
1625:
9069:
4602:
is the date that the URL was checked to not just be working, but to support the assertion being cited (which the current version of the page may not do). Can be
2276:: Languages that do not use a Latin-based alphabet, Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc., should not be italicized and may also read
1894:
1659:
4223:: – , and non-sequential numbers either with commas or semicolons. For numbers higher than 999, either do not use thousands separators or enclose the number in
8011:
8006:
5151:
additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens – and the proper check digit. Aliases:
2789:
6649:
or similar as there is no control of the order in which references are displayed. Mask parameters can take an enumerator in the name of the parameter (e.g.
6039:
7342:
If an argument is set to "required" the argument will be added to all templates edited by IABot. This including adding empty arguments. For example, when
5827:. If the registration/limited/subscription access to the source goes dead and is no longer available, then remove the access-indicator parameter and add
1857:
1112:
For symmetry with similar parameters for editors and other contributors (discussed further below), longer parameter forms are also available for authors:
978:
There are a number of templates that are CS1 compliant, because they use a CS1 template as a base, but are tied to a specific source; these are listed in
8619:
8001:
979:
1636:. For various reasons, CS1 is not fully compliant with MOS:DATEFORMAT. This table indicates CS1 compliance with the listed sections of MOS:DATEFORMAT.
7733:
5568:). If the problem is down to a mere typographical error in a third-party source, correct the identifier value instead of overriding the error message.
2668:
2632:, where typical values are: Motion picture, Moving image, Television production, Videotape, DVD, Blu-ray, Trailer, CD, Radio broadcast, Podcast, Sound.
1534:
259:
The following is a list of templates that implement
Citation Style 1 for one or more types of citations but are not restricted to any specific source.
2608:: Specifies the type of work cited. Appears in parentheses immediately after the title. Some templates use a default that can be overridden; example:
7844:
7569:
1700:
5762:
As there are often multiple external links with different access levels in the same citation, each value is attributed to a specific external link.
1754:
277:
Indicates that the corresponding tool or gadget may or may not generate the corresponding template. For more information, see associated footnote.
5203:
1324:
to assert what you think was probably the collective author when the source itself does not specifically specify a collective author; doing so is
7801:
3017:, even if the publisher's corporate HQ is in New York). If your edition specifically gives multiple locations, this can be indicated with, e.g.,
1882:
1869:
7552:
If the English Knowledge does not have an article about the author, but an article is available in another language entity of Knowledge or if a
1792:
43:
8683:
7163:
Not all factually accurate pieces of information about a source are used in a Citation Style 1 citation. Examples of information not included:
5328:
1215:
cannot be used to link to an external website; the external link will not render correctly. Below is an example of a wikilinked author credit:
9545:
990:
CS1 uses a series of templates that provide a consistent output. The main difference is in parameters optimized for the subject. For example,
8072:
2351:. Unrecognized codes are ignored and will display in the rendered citation. This field will be displayed following the transliterated title.
1593:
4115:
If the same source is reused with different pages, separate citations must be created. A way around this problem is to use a short citation
2768:
On websites, in most cases "work" is the name of the website (as usually given in the logo/banner area of the site, and/or appearing in the
1511:: Date of publication edition being referenced, in the same format as other dates in citations in the same article. Must not be wikilinked.
5677:
1172:
If a cited source has a large number of authors, one can limit the number of authors displayed when the citation is published by using the
6979:
comma-separated list of two or more pages. Markup can be applied to the entry as a whole or to individual list entries; does not apply to
1641:
2408:
2326:: Languages that do not use a Latin-based alphabet, Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc., may possibly read
1412:
If a cited source has a large number of editors, one can limit the number of editors displayed when the citation is published using the
8194:
8057:
7925:
4154:: When the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal where the issue numbering has restarted. For journal series,
2361:
Titles containing certain characters will both display and link incorrectly unless those characters are replaced or encoded like this:
127:
5147:
or spaces in the ISMN are optional. Use the ISMN actually printed on or in the work. This parameter should hold only the ISMN without
7244:– generates shortened footnote or named reference for a given Google Books URL, ISBN, or DOI. Also supports some major news websites.
1428:
A translator may be cited using separate parameters for the translator's last and first name. A single or first translator would use
9089:
9074:
7856:
7205:
2948:
topics), Paris, Tokyo. Simply having a unique name does not mean it is globally recognizable; e.g., many people do not know where
1919:
9124:
9059:
8871:
7834:
7347:
5605:
are not used to specify a different link target. This behaviour can be overridden by one out of a number of special keywords for
1305:, unless the article is on a field in which the majority of professional journals covering that field use such a citation style.
8745:
9475:
9303:
8934:
8855:
7963:
6356:: English translation of the quotation if the source quoted is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets. Alias: none.
6258:
295:
1936:
9381:
8638:
4792:
3077:. Typical uses of this parameter are identification of a book-scanning and -databasing project such as those provided by the
2672:
1013:
This help page uses the names most commonly used across the templates series; see each template's documentation for details.
9139:
9114:
8949:
8062:
8016:
6767:
6456:{{cite book |first=Gary L. |last=Hardcastle |first2=George A. |last2=Reisch |title=Monty Python and Philosophy |date=2006}}
5162:
5009:
4702:
4669:
1283:
If the cited source does not credit an author, as is common with newswire reports, press releases or company websites use:
6966:
comma-separated list of two or more volumes. Markup can be applied to the entry as a whole or to individual list entries.
6231:
1358:
An editor may be cited using separate parameters for the editor's last and first name. A single or first editor would use
9570:
9150:
9079:
9064:
8921:
8614:
8161:
7892:
7794:
7298:
6944:
comma-separated list of two or more issues. Markup can be applied to the entry as a whole or to individual list entries.
5136:
4803:. Because this link favours one specific distributor, include it only if standard identifiers are not available. Example
1763:
1239:
When an author is cited, the date of the cited work is displayed after the author's name, as shown in the example below:
6525:: Sets element separator, default terminal punctuation, and certain capitalization according to the value provided. For
4365:
9532:
9500:
8964:
8939:
8676:
7930:
7767:
6709:
will display only the first two authors in a citation (and not affect the display of the other kinds of contributors).
5241:
5066:
3924:. This will not only properly display a hyphen, but also reduce the likelihood that an editor/bot will convert this to
3070:
1815:
does not support YYYY–YY where the two-digit year is less than 13 (change to YYYY–YYYY to eliminate the error message)
7151:
When viewing the page, CS1 templates render the URL to the title to create a link; when printing, the URL is printed.
9457:
9446:
9319:
9239:
9104:
9038:
9007:
8820:
8776:
7292:
6292:
6273:
6242:
5682:
Citations of online sources that require registration or a subscription are acceptable in Knowledge as documented in
5637:
4651:
is added with a link to an archived copy of a web page, usually from services like WebCite and the Internet Archive.
2840:
51:
5116:– if you are unsure of how any particular ISBN should be hyphenated, as the pattern varies by country and publisher.
4480:
3974:
CS1 citations do not record the total number of pages in a cited source; do not use this parameter for that purpose.
3936:: pages in the cited source containing the information that supports the article text. Separate page ranges with an
2266:
attempt to emulate any stylistic flourishes used by the cited source's publisher, such as ALL-CAPS, all-lower-case,
9185:
8845:
8067:
7727:
7622:
is defined for another authority control repository, this can be used as well. For example, to link to an author's
7301:
highlights inconsistent (CS1 vs CS2) citation styles used in the same article. Only works with templated citations.
7220:
provides a graphical interface for editing, adding, and citing references. It may be enabled per the documentation.
5655:
4603:
4375:
2797:
just that of the entire larger work. Various citation templates provide separate fields for such information, e.g.
1096:{{cite book |last1=Hawking |first1=Stephen |last2=Hawking |first2=Lucy |title=George's Secret Key to the Universe}}
4710:
When the original URL has been usurped for the purposes of spam, advertising, or is otherwise unsuitable, setting
4357:
Links should be kept as simple as possible. For example, when performing a search for a Google Book, the link for
4202:. When the issue has a special title of its own, this may be given, in italics, along with the issue number, e.g.
2944:. The city name by itself can be used for world-recognized cities like New York, London (except in articles about
9119:
9094:
8825:
8143:
5466:
3066:
5012:
for the electronic media of a serial publication; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a
4726:
are still required). When the original URL is still 'live' but no longer supports the text in an article, set
4647:
The original link may become unavailable. When an archived version is located, the original URL is retained and
9470:
9170:
9165:
9109:
9099:
9084:
8733:
8187:
7996:
7983:
7829:
7787:
3903:. To resolve the error, remove extra parameters of this type until only one remains in the affected citation.
8669:
7920:
6785:, i.e., wrap the entire parameter value in two sets of parentheses. Parameters that support this markup are:
6372:
1067:
respectively. If a cited source has multiple authors, subsequent authors can be listed in the citation using
17:
4407:
A direct link to a specific page may be used if supported by the host. For example, the link to page 172 of
1342:
should never hold the name of more than one author. Separate individual authors into enumerated individual
9495:
9017:
8954:
8834:
8830:
8562:
7935:
3227:
382:
2647:: The language (or a comma-separated list of the languages) in which the source is written, as either the
1183:
If a cited author is notable and the author has a Knowledge article, the author's name can be linked with
9155:
8840:
8376:
7973:
7882:
7465:
will break the link; this field is for the name of the Knowledge article about the author, not a website.
7214:
is part of the editing tool bar. Version 2.0 does not yet support all templates supported by version 1.0.
3883:
will display in the published citation. When more than one of the following parameters is used in error,
3654:
2612:
2196:
2175:: CS1/CS2 auto-date formatting does not apply when previewing an article section that does not contain a
742:
300:
200:
7677:, where volumes again restarted at 1 (the third series). Since there are two publications identified as
6284:. If there are multiple journals with the same DOI prefix, they can be grouped together with the format
4686:: To change the order with the title retaining the original link and the archive linked at the end, set
1538:
9505:
9314:
8959:
8652:
8320:
8264:
8021:
7839:
4483:
contain certain characters, then they will not display and link correctly. Those characters need to be
4134:
3498:
3383:
3010:
2184:
604:
466:
4081:. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,). Displays preceded by
9565:
9480:
9134:
9048:
8432:
8180:
7950:
7887:
7872:
7334:
4964:
4735:
3792:
2688:
1787:
Julian prior to 1582; Gregorian from 1582; assumes Gregorian in the overlap period of 1582 – c. 1923
875:
315:
195:
4385:
8985:
8976:
8803:
8740:
8236:
7968:
7902:
7851:
7565:
7557:
7534:
The number of authors that can be listed in the citation and displayed when published is unlimited.
7311:
7152:
7131:
Markup to suppress error messages and automatic Vancouver reformatting of allowed corporate names.
6634:
4954:
4311:
4307:
3354:
3322:
2844:
2236:
2193:: The title of the cited source. Titles are displayed in italics, except for short works such as a
439:
305:
144:
4781:(since January 2015). Do not include extraneous file extensions like ".pdf" or ".html". Aliases:
3910:: page in the cited source containing the information that supports the article text, for example
1165:
parameters to their longer equivalents (equivalent parameters for editors etc. exist as well, see
1059:
An author may be cited using separate parameters for the author's surname and given name by using
9436:
9366:
9330:
9325:
9291:
9274:
9051:
8981:
8507:
8362:
8278:
7824:
7810:
7335:
7201:
5670:
4324:
3608:
3429:
3296:
687:
520:
7708:
could be referring to, there is no need to clarify to which numbering series the journal belong.
9426:
9411:
9027:
8813:
8752:
8551:
8306:
8250:
7324:
7250:
6513:
6296:
6268:
The template is also able to recognize known free-to-read journals, assuming they have a clear
5244:. When present, alphabetic prefix characters are to be lower case and without a space; example
3475:
3204:
2735:
2626:
2220:
2112:
1971:
1963:
1721:
1713:
577:
354:
6824:
5597:, some identifiers (specifying free resources) will automatically be linked to the title when
3089:; journal indexing and search services through which we commonly find academic articles, e.g.
9510:
9386:
8866:
8584:
8573:
8518:
8496:
8292:
8037:
7915:
7510:
7258:
7226:
Adds references to templates while updating/filling-in title/dates/publisher/accessdates etc.
6533:); where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are capitalized ('Retrieved...'). For
5779:
5591:
4431:
4231:
3877:
3631:
3452:
3406:
3250:
2972:. The location parameter should be omitted when it is implied by the name of the work, e.g.
2749:
2244:
2212:
1945:
1681:
shortened month names longer than three characters or with terminating periods not supported;
1004:
713:
546:
493:
107:
6518:
These features are not often used, but can customize the display for use with other styles.
5878:
5734:
4655:
must be added to show the date the page was archived, not the date the link was added. When
4335:
Sites that do not have permission to republish the work or that otherwise violate copyright.
120:
9401:
8996:
8896:
8595:
8446:
8418:
8390:
7211:
7197:
6432:{{cite book |first=Gary L. |last=Hardcastle |title=Monty Python and Philosophy |date=2006}}
5435:
5417:
5267:
5106:
4589:; use the same format as other access and archive dates in the article's citations. It is
3815:
3746:
3700:
3677:
901:
849:
796:
769:
8926:
5752:: the source is only accessible via a paid subscription with the provider of the source ("
1455:
If a translator has a Knowledge article, you may wikilink to that Knowledge article using
8:
9485:
9343:
9286:
8971:
8944:
8712:
8485:
8042:
7262:
7186:
6773:
6368:
4614:
4415:
4345:
3181:
1679:
proper name dates not supported with the exception of 'Easter YYYY' and 'Christmas YYYY';
1633:
325:
230:
159:
152:
55:
1263:
If no author is cited, the date appears after the title, as shown in the example below:
966:
Citation expander will only attempt to tidy up the citation and will not add new content
9490:
9462:
9217:
8911:
8886:
8769:
8706:
8529:
8404:
8348:
8222:
8091:
8052:
7367:
7359:
5771:
5636:) can then be used for providing a direct deep link to the corresponding document or a
4741:
4620:
4274:
4260:. Other notes about reprintings, etc., should be placed after the template, and before
3769:
3723:
3585:
3273:
3005:
2813:
2721:
2204:
1877:
CS1 capitalizes seasons used as dates in citations, in line with external style guides
1467:, etc. to wikilink to each translator's Knowledge article. This method is used because
1423:
1385:
If an editor has a Knowledge article, you may wikilink to that Knowledge article using
994:
822:
656:
408:
80:
65:
7401:
field includes a newline or an invalid character then the link will be malformed; see
7314:
color codes URLs and DOIs in gray/red/pink/yellow depending on their broad reliability
985:
9264:
9224:
9212:
9012:
8906:
8808:
8460:
8334:
8124:
7877:
7764:
7721:
7608:
6262:
5789:
5683:
5651:
5504:
4924:
4366:
https://books.google.com/books?id=NPDgD546-doC&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false
4301:
4268:
3838:
3556:
3524:
3158:
3082:
2895:
2707:
2694:
2228:
929:
630:
310:
182:
7619:
7556:
node for this author exists already, you can prefix the link using that Knowledge's
7331:
and bots. Before making changes to the TemplateData be aware of these interactions.
7170:
The name of the library that provided access to an electronic copy of a cited source
7158:
5968:
For example, this cites a web page that requires registration but not subscription:
5654:, used where none of the specialized identifiers are applicable; wikilink or use an
2936:
where you found your copy, nor location of material in the source). This is usually
50:
It explains concepts or processes used by the Knowledge community. It is not one of
9396:
9361:
9180:
8113:
8047:
7940:
6640:
5667:
5662:
will append "NCJ 122967" at the end of the citation. You can use templates such as
5484:
3078:
2982:
1976:
template. Editors may also choose how CS1/CS2 templates render dates by the use of
1839:
1602:
1397:, etc. to wikilink to each editor's Knowledge article. This method is used because
7269:. It does not warn when a long citation has been added but not a short one (using
6405:
template may be used here to create an ID for the Harv- and sfn-family templates.
2076:
abbreviated publication dates; year-initial numeric access- / archive-dates (ymd)
973:
73:
9520:
9310:
9259:
9253:
9207:
8891:
8792:
8764:
8102:
7716:
7697:
7653:
7515:
7283:
7266:
7217:
6483:
6400:
6321:
5741:: free access is subject to limited trial and a subscription is normally required
5350:
4696:
4675:
4484:
4472:
may require a plug-in or an external application and should normally be avoided.
4352:
4101:
4044:
2945:
2636:
2089:
1251:
1227:
4585:
was last verified to support the text in the article; do not wikilink; requires
4376:
https://books.google.com/?id=NPDgD546-doC&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false
4180:. Separate non-sequential volumes either with commas or semicolons, for example
2424:
Language codes known to cs1|2 for languages that do not use a Latin script are:
2159:
This global setting may be overridden in individual CS1/CS2 templates by use of
2049:
long-form publication dates; year-initial numeric access- / archive-dates (ymd)
1592:
Acceptable date formats are shown in the "Acceptable date formats" table of the
1550:: Original publication date or year, for display (in square brackets) after the
1518:: Year of publication edition being referenced. Do not use in combination with
9515:
9376:
9298:
9269:
9234:
8901:
8876:
8858:
8692:
7958:
6362:
6238:
5346:
5076:
4572:
3102:
3090:
1831:
1629:
1611:
Access and archive dates in references should be in either the format used for
1601:
religious calendar; editors should report the date as expressed by the source.
1353:
1054:
6713:
is a special case suppressing the display of all authors including the et al.
6249:
part of the DOI associated with the registrant can be added to the list under
4198:: When the source is part of a series that is published periodically. Alias:
3944:. Separate non-sequential pages either with commas or semicolons, for example
2129:{{cite web |title=Example Webpage |date=31 October 2017 |website=Example |url=
1303:{{cite news |work=Weekday Times |author=''Weekday Times'' editors |title=...}}
777:
reports by government departments, instrumentalities, operated companies, etc.
9559:
9421:
9356:
9351:
9281:
9160:
9022:
8881:
8728:
7618:), followed by the corresponding article name.) Alternatively, if a suitable
7047:
6503:
6467:
6443:
5292:
5048:
3101:; and other aggregators or indexers of previously-published content, such as
2835:
2783:
Many journals use highly abbreviated titles when citing other journals (e.g.
2327:
2277:
1612:
1482:
1325:
147:
7295:
is very similar, but also contains additional warnings for potential issues.
5051:
identifier for digital objects and other resources on the Internet; example
4936:
4395:
3028:; just get them in corresponding order in both parameters. The templates do
2301:. Unrecognized codes are ignored and will display in the rendered citation.
2124:
at the top of this section so this cs1 template will render with ymd dates:
9406:
9371:
9244:
9202:
9192:
7991:
7500:
These parameters are mutually exclusive, and only one will show; by design.
7328:
7273:
7037:
7027:
6827:. This markup can prevent legitimate names from being flagged as generic.
6303:
5310:
4118:
3116:
3086:
2969:
2899:
2681:
at a French-language wiki instead of the English word "Spanish". Aliases:
2088:
cs1|2 cannot reformat Month YYYY, Season YYYY, date-ranges of any form, or
1672:
1499:
1333:
236:
Use a period as a punctuation mark to separate fields and end the citation.
9142:
8781:
4817:: ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US; valid values:
4766:
2968:. Do not use sub-national postal abbreviations ("DE", "Wilts", etc.), per
254:
9340:
8153:
7468:
Multiple author or editor names are defined and one or more does not show
7017:
6761:
6725:: Controls the closing punctuation for a citation; defaults to a period (
6347:... |quote=Tōkyō tawā |script-quote=ja:東京タワー |trans-quote=Tokyo Tower ...
5687:
5285:
4220:
4173:
4126:
3937:
2599:
1329:
171:
167:
7779:
7089:
Trailing dots (periods) are normally removed from the value assigned to
4323:
Online sources that require payment or subscription may be included per
2902:, and needs to be specified; no consensus exists for the exact value of
1051:(where "n.d." could also be any other valid date formatted per the MOS)
9416:
9229:
8661:
7597:
7585:
7444:
7418:
7176:
The library record or shelf location of a physical copy of a cited work
7007:
6991:. (This special markup is also supported by the plural page parameters
4437:
4402:
4273:
When MediaWiki encounters an external link URL with a '.pdf' or '.PDF'
3956:
to avoid commas being erroneously interpreted as list separators, e.g.
2831:
6749:
1626:
Knowledge:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers § Dates, months, and years
239:
Use a semicolon as a punctuation mark to separate authors and editors.
9391:
9249:
9197:
7223:
6030:
4946:
2999:
1852:
only with a single year value (no ranges or day/month combinations).
7715:
parameter is not to be used to distinguish the different parts of a
7353:
5080:
5000:. Use the same format as other dates in the article. Aliases: none.
9431:
8172:
7553:
6585:
5289:
5170:
5017:
4278:
3094:
2912:
2250:
1268:{{cite book |title=George's Secret Key to the Universe |date=2007}}
7318:
6717:
displays all authors in the list followed by et al. Aliases: none.
2086:
year-initial numeric publication, access- and archive-dates (ymd);
7173:
The name of the library that owns a physical copy of a cited work
6272:
DOI pattern. Once that pattern is identified, it can be added to
5753:
5716:
5144:
4928:
4916:
4902:
4386:
https://books.google.com/?id=NPDgD546-doC&printsec=frontcover
4227:
to avoid commas being erroneously interpreted as list separators.
4192:
to avoid commas being erroneously interpreted as list separators.
2648:
2039:
long-form publication dates; abbreviated access- / archive-dates
722:
390:
liner notes from albums, DVDs, CDs and similar audio-visual media
5640:
to a resource that would not otherwise be obviously accessible.
5165:; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a
4955:
https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.176.341
3021:. This same technique can be used for co-published works, e.g.:
2409:
7421:
in order for MediaWiki to recognize it as a link. For example:
7235:
5392:
5166:
5013:
4949:
id, a string of digits and dots found in a CiteSeerX URL (e.g.
4282:
4020:, but not both. Should be a subset of the page(s) specified in
2953:
2949:
2651:
language code (preferred) or the full language name. Examples:
2259:
2254:
1774:; the format of the orig-date value is not checked for errors.
1710:
CS1/CS2 templates follow the format specified by the article's
1187:. If a citation includes multiple notable authors, one may use
7745:
6397:. This is useful where the author and/or date is unknown. The
6338:(if available). Alias: none. Must be prefixed with one of the
4905:; used by a number of astronomical data systems; for example:
4338:
Commercial sites such as Amazon, unless no alternative exists.
3105:. Use via only when a standard identifier cannot be used (see
218:
There are a number of templates that use a name starting with
7763:(17th ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 14.126.
7261:
is a script that may be enabled to display errors when using
6367:
The module creates HTML IDs by default suitable for use with
5223:
4763:
4073:, but not both. Should be a subset of the pages specified in
3098:
2908:
1632:) as the reference for all date format checking performed by
333:
7107:
The parameter may also accept a number of special keywords (
4491:. To encode the URL, replace the following characters with:
1727:
249:
207:
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association
9449:
7623:
7204:
that attempts to build a full citation based on a URL. See
5697:
4996:: Date a valid DOI was found to be non-working/inactive at
4473:
1683:
quarterly dates supported in the form 'First Quarter 2020'
1594:
Manual of Style/Dates and numbers § Dates, months and years
245:
Format the title of short works such as chapters in quotes.
7681:, there is a need to distinguish which is which by use of
7504:
7427:
7192:
CS1 templates may be inserted manually or by use of tools:
7146:
6529:, element separator and terminal punctuation is a period (
6291:
If you add a free registrant/free journal to the lists in
5572:
4257:
3074:
1091:
are available as well, as shown in the following example:
8795:
7053:-style templates supports it as well in conjunction with
4298:
here can affect readers/translators at other Wikipedias.
4107:
to indicate to editors that a hyphen is really intended:
3060:(optional): Name of the content deliverer (when they are
2952:
is, especially if they are old enough that it was called
2330:(RTL). To include chapter titles in these languages, use
1529:
the publication-date format in the template is YYYY-MM-DD
7458:
The author shows in brackets with an external link icon.
7411:
If URL is supplied, then the title cannot be wikilinked.
2418:
1770:, and the date of the ancient source may be provided in
1459:. If a cited work has multiple translators, you may use
1083:, etc. For symmetry with the other numbered parameters,
7327:
and tools that use that data to edit Knowledge such as
5554:
which can be applied to disable the error-checking (as
2138:
2130:
1620:
Date format compliance with Knowledge's Manual of Style
1566:. This parameter displays only if there is a value for
6789:
Parameters that support accept-this-as-written markup
5404:
parameter, above; these are two different identifiers.
5313:
identifier; do not include "OL" in the value; example
4416:
https://books.google.com/?id=NPDgD546-doC&pg=PA172
2790:
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
1708:
Article-level restrictions are beyond the scope of CS1
1558:). For clarity, please supply specifics, for instance
158:
The use of CS1 or of templates is not compulsory; per
7758:
7700:, it is the first series of the publication known as
7229:
6237:
The template is able to recognize known free-to-read
5363:
parameter, below; these are two different identifiers
4591:
not required for linked documents that do not change.
3964:
to avoid the hyphens being converted to dashes, e.g.
7521:
7180:
5571:
For some identifiers, it is possible to specify the
2059:
abbreviated publication and access- / archive-dates
1582:
When a source does not have a publication date, use
1389:. If a cited work has multiple editors, you may use
1211:-type parameters do not allow wikilinking. However,
554:
academic and scientific papers published in journals
213:
8999:
7241:
5449:Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate
5184:Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate
5119:Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate
5031:Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate
4982:Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate
4109:|quote-pages=((3{{hyphen}}1{{ndash}}3{{hyphen}}15))
980:
Category:Citation Style 1 specific-source templates
7734:Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B
6029:
5887:
5869:
5745:
5723:
5551:
4997:
4925:http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/10/01/078733
4398:(if Google Books does not provide the cover page).
4224:
4189:
4090:
3961:
3953:
3023:|location=Oakbrook Terrace, Illinois / Los Angeles
2761:Do not confuse this with the "publisher" parameter
2280:(RTL). To include titles in these languages, use
2016:long-form publication and access- / archive-dates;
7564:for the English Knowledge) in order to create an
7471:The parameters must be used in sequence, i.e. if
6251:local function build_free_doi_registrants_table()
6061:Named-identifier and access-indicator parameters
2258:from titles with ": " though " – " is also used.
2122:{{use dmy dates|date=September 2024|cs1-dates=y}}
1603:Although the seasons are not normally capitalized
937:web sources not characterized by another template
9557:
6492:|ref={{harvid|Monty Python and Philosophy|2006}}
1960:, etc.) in the style specified by the article's
1764:editors seldom read ancient manuscripts directly
1762:Dates earlier than 100 not supported. Knowledge
7238:can export citations in Knowledge-ready format.
5624:It is not necessary to specify a URL to a link
5379:goes live; if this date is in the future, then
4581:: The full date when the content pointed to by
4320:Links should be to full versions of the source.
2917:|publisher=<!--Unspecified by source.--: -->
1479:cannot be used to link to an external website.
1409:cannot be used to link to an external website.
1016:CS1 templates present a citation generally as:
7346:is "required" IABot makes the following edit:
6393:: Creates a custom ID equivalent to the value
6343:to help browsers properly display the script:
6224:that will become available in the future, see
5628:to a link also produced by an identifier. The
5617:) for auto-linking or to disable the feature (
5383:is not linked until that date. Aliases: none.
5329:Office of Scientific and Technical Information
2163:; abbreviated date forms are not supported by
1250:
8717:
8677:
8188:
7795:
7584:number of the corresponding entry. (Similar,
6584:Replaces the name of the (first) author with
5643:A custom identifier can be specified through
5208:; do not include "JFM" in the value; example
5204:Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik
4093:to tell the template to display the value of
7414:The URL is not linked and shows in brackets.
7323:This section documents interactions between
6686:
6674:
6506:|Monty Python and Philosophy|2006|pp=12-34}}
6245:. Once a free registrant is identified, the
5839:URL-holding and access-indicator parameters
5766:Access indicators for url-holding parameters
5717:access indicators for url-holding parameters
5502:
5201:
5112:template within the parameter – in the form
4718:suppresses display of the original URL (but
4448:will be supported by all browsers; however,
2676:
242:Format the title of longer works in italics.
9537:
7548:
7546:
7544:
7542:
7540:
7528:
7167:The total number of pages in a cited source
6755:
6729:); for no terminating punctuation, specify
6698:
4487:. For example, a space must be replaced by
2170:
1821:Uncertain, incomplete, or approximate dates
1813:does not support " to " as a date separator
1642:Knowledge:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers
664:news articles in print, video, audio or web
225:To be compliant with CS1, a template must:
110:) for details beyond this basic cheatsheet.
8684:
8670:
8620:Citation Style 1 specific-source templates
8195:
8181:
7802:
7788:
4971:. It is checked to ensure it begins with (
2419:=_language_codes-Titles_and_chapters": -->
2410:=_language_codes-Titles_and_chapters": -->
1226:
1102:
1000:has fields for title and chapter, whereas
7809:
7704:. Since there is no confusion about what
7643:
6091:
5704:
4937:https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.24.220400
4396:https://books.google.com/?id=NPDgD546-doC
4131:to provide linked page number citations.
3966:|pages=((1{{hyphen}}2)), ((3{{hyphen}}4))
3960:. For multiple hyphenated pages, use the
3044:(printing press owner-operator) with the
2834:, which otherwise might be confused with
2669:See the list of supported codes and names
1920:Date range, multiple sources in same year
1504:Dates are indicated by these parameters:
501:television or radio programs and episodes
194:CS1 uses (in addition to Knowledge's own
8691:
7537:
6754:et al. is the abbreviation of the Latin
6692:
6566:
6554:
5035:eISSNs using a non-standard format, see
4476:host-names are currently not supported.
4204:|issue=2, ''Modern Canadian Literature''
4008:: The number of a single page quoted in
2997:. San Jose, Calif. A similar example is
1800:Exceptions: does not support the use of
1416:parameter as described in detail in the
1176:parameter as described in detail in the
6680:
6668:
6578:
5711:: the source is free to read for anyone
5188:ISSNs using a non-standard format, see
5123:ISBNs using a non-standard format, see
4289:, though doing so causes no harm. The
3075:§ Registration or subscription required
1937:Auto-formatting citation template dates
1728:Auto-formatting citation template dates
1667:Exceptions: linked dates not supported;
1203:, etc. This method is used because the
830:signs, plaques and other visual sources
14:
9558:
7640:to point to the local article instead.
6823:Legitimate names may be caught by the
6497:CITEREFMonty_Python_and_Philosophy2006
6259:Category:CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI
6257:is not set, it will place the page in
6040:Access indicator for named identifiers
5698:access indicator for named identifiers
5609:to manually select a specific source (
5453:SBNs using a non-standard format, see
4993:
4986:DOIs using a non-standard format, see
4277:, it renders the external link with a
4050:to indicate this is intentional (e.g.
2932:): Geographical place of publication (
1948:templates automatically render dates (
1907:Abbreviations for long periods of time
1811:does not support solidus separator (/)
1314:|author=Commission on Headphone Safety
1025:
8665:
8258:short, stand-alone, offline documents
8176:
8058:Converting between references formats
7783:
7441:) in the value will truncate it. Use
6339:
5678:Registration or subscription required
5357:. Do not include "PMC" in the value.
5353:full-text of a journal article, e.g.
4793:Amazon Standard Identification Number
4258:Registration or subscription required
4061:: A list or range of pages quoted in
2870:|publisher=The New York Times Company
2673:Category:CS1 foreign language sources
2340:
2290:
1526:of the following conditions are met:
233:or one of the templates listed below.
8202:
7394:The bare URL shows before the title.
6637:. Do not use in a list generated by
6572:
5163:International Standard Serial Number
5010:International Standard Serial Number
4294:templates; many do not, so removing
2966:|location=Hanley, Worcestershire, UK
1846:does not support dates prior to 100;
1809:does not support dates prior to 100;
1417:
1177:
1120:, as well as numbered variants like
115:
92:
54:, and may reflect varying levels of
29:
8073:Guidance on source reviewing at FAC
8012:Referencing without using templates
8007:Referencing with citation templates
7299:User:BrandonXLF/CitationStyleMarker
6560:
6548:
6353:
5987:https://example.com/nifty_data.php
5288:for looking up publications in the
5137:International Standard Music Number
5114:|isbn={{Format ISBN|9780812695939}}
4736:Template:Cite web § csdoc urlstatus
2962:|location=Hanley, Staffordshire, UK
2900:potential reliability of the source
2642:
2115:|date=September 2024|cs1-dates=ls}}
1436:; subsequent translators would use
1276:George's Secret Key to the Universe
1256:George's Secret Key to the Universe
1232:George's Secret Key to the Universe
1105:George's Secret Key to the Universe
24:
7033:citation templates. The family of
7003:(as well as other aliases) of the
6722:
6657:) to apply the mask to a specific
6470:|Hardcastle|Reisch|2006|pp=12-34}}
5242:Library of Congress Control Number
5067:International Standard Book Number
1010:has fields for journal and title.
52:Knowledge's policies or guidelines
25:
9582:
7293:User:Trappist the monk/HarvErrors
6958:
6293:Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration
6274:Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration
6243:Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration
5684:Verifiability § Access to sources
5395:; use unique identifier; example
4942:
4436:URLs must begin with a supported
2841:The International Cat Association
2703:: Used by some templates such as
1493:|others=Illustrated by John Smith
1103:Hawking, Stephen; Hawking, Lucy.
178:should follow a consistent style.
166:Knowledge does not have a single
7728:Acta Crystallographica Section A
7066:
6971:
6949:
6936:
6909:
6900:
6537:, element separator is a comma (
6278:local extended_registrants_t = {
6261:, which is routinely cleared by
6090:
5886:
5877:
5868:
5744:
5733:
5722:
5703:
5693:Four access levels can be used:
4814:
4777:(April 2007 – December 2014) or
4705:from the original on 2013-05-01.
3106:
2643:
1288:|author=<!--Not stated--: -->
210:, with significant adaptations.
119:
96:
33:
27:Help page for citation templates
8063:Reference display customization
7232:open source version of Reflinks
6918:
6225:
5513:For zbMATH search results like
5467:Social Science Research Network
5372:
5226:reference number; for example:
4919:id, as in the entire DOI (e.g.
4912:
4898:
4730:. For further documentation of
4097:without processing it, and use
3958:|pages=((1,234{{endash}}1,235))
2894:If the work is self-published,
2253:to single quotation marks. Use
1735:Strong national ties to a topic
1689:Unacceptable date formats table
1560:|orig-date=first published 1859
1522:, except in the rare case that
1366:; subsequent editors would use
9540:Ask for help on your talk page
7759:University of Chicago (2017).
7752:
7693:is in the third series of the
7402:
6927:
6895:overriding the error message.
6887:
6373:Harv- and sfn-family templates
6324:(if available) of the text in
4929:https://doi.org/10.1101/078733
4606:by registered editors. Alias:
2018:this is the default case when
1780:Julian and Gregorian calendars
1669:sortable dates not supported (
1046:. Publisher. n.d. Identifiers.
960:
13:
1:
7835:Biographies of living persons
7711:In particular, note that the
6768:Accept-this-as-written markup
6309:
5552:accept-this-as-written markup
5480:
5219:
5005:
4759:
4246:: Adds a link to the chapter.
4225:accept-this-as-written markup
4190:accept-this-as-written markup
4164:First/Second/Third/... Series
3962:accept-this-as-written markup
3954:accept-this-as-written markup
2896:this is a very important fact
2862:|publisher=The Aberdeen Times
2859:|newspaper=The Aberdeen Times
1828:Exceptions: does not support
1660:Acceptable date formats table
612:archived public mailing lists
8653:Citation Style 1 noticeboard
8639:Citation Style documentation
7661:split into different parts,
7136:
7124:
6623:—in this case, the value of
6522:
5688:verifying claims in articles
5658:as applicable. For example,
5462:
5388:
5324:
5281:
5237:
5158:
5132:
5062:
4788:
4481:citation template parameters
3122:CS1/CS2 template support for
2915:for books, etc.) fails, use
2665:|language=French, Portuguese
2120:This documentation page has
1166:
7:
9186:References and page numbers
8068:References and page numbers
8002:Introduction to referencing
7761:The Chicago Manual of Style
7706:Physical Review A, Volume 1
6461:CITEREFHardcastleReisch2006
6446:|Hardcastle|2006|pp=12-34}}
5498:
5431:
5413:
5399:
5358:
5342:
5197:
5074:
5044:
4960:
4698:Monty Python and Philosophy
4671:Monty Python and Philosophy
4409:Monty Python and Philosophy
4359:Monty Python and Philosophy
3920:For a hyphenated page, use
3071:WP:Credo accounts/Citations
3019:|location=New York / London
2988:|newspaper=The Mercury News
1420:section of this help page.
1318:|author=Rules Sub-committee
1180:section of this help page.
201:The Chicago Manual of Style
130:demonstrating various uses.
10:
9587:
9571:Citation Style 1 templates
8965:"The rules are principles"
8950:Simplified Manual of Style
8615:Citation Style 1 templates
8017:Referencing dos and don'ts
7452:The template markup shows.
7357:
7184:
7075:
6772:There are occasions where
6299:so the bot knows about it.
6286:= {'YYYY', 'ZZZZ', '...'},
5787:
5769:
5647:
5454:
5306:
5263:
5189:
5124:
5036:
4987:
4618:
4305:
4240:: Adds a link to the title
4219:. Separate ranges with an
2991:|location=San Jose, Calif.
2692:
2133:|access-date=Dec 5, 2017}}
1475:do not allow wikilinking.
1405:do not allow wikilinking.
284:General-use CS1 templates
63:
9529:
9445:
9339:
9171:Referencing for beginners
9133:
9047:
8995:
8920:
8854:
8791:
8699:
8650:
8628:
8607:
8541:
8475:
8210:
8162:Parenthetical referencing
8152:
8136:
8081:
8030:
7997:Citations quick reference
7982:
7964:Punctuation and footnotes
7949:
7901:
7865:
7817:
7679:Physical Review, Volume 1
7651:For instance the journal
7580:) to be followed by the Q
7483:will not show. By design.
7417:The URL must include the
7408:The title appears in red.
7391:does not show; by design.
7267:parenthetical referencing
7135:
7130:
7123:
7101:
7083:
7074:
7065:
6977:
6970:
6957:
6948:
6942:
6935:
6926:
6917:
6908:
6899:
6893:
6886:
6875:
6864:
6853:
6842:
6831:
6810:
6801:
6796:
6793:
6475:
6451:
6427:
6422:
6419:
6416:
6413:
6170:
6158:
6146:
6134:
6122:
6110:
6098:
6086:
6076:
6071:
6068:
6065:
5954:
5942:
5930:
5925:|contribution-url-access=
5918:
5906:
5894:
5864:
5854:
5849:
5846:
5843:
5794:Online sources linked by
5503:
5349:; use article number for
4972:
4965:Digital object identifier
4933:10.1101/2020.07.24.220400
4531:
4526:
4523:
4520:
4517:
4514:
4511:
4508:
4505:
4502:
4499:
4496:
4163:
4159:
4082:
4052:|quote-page=3{{hyphen}}12
4033:
3835:
3812:
3789:
3766:
3743:
3720:
3697:
3674:
3651:
3628:
3605:
3582:
3550:
3518:
3495:
3472:
3449:
3426:
3403:
3380:
3348:
3316:
3293:
3270:
3247:
3224:
3201:
3178:
3155:
3150:
3147:
3144:
3141:
3138:
2974:The Sydney Morning Herald
2960:would be ambiguous, e.g.
2822:that closes the citation.
2398:
2390:
2382:
2374:
2369:
2366:
2096:
2085:
2080:
2070:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2043:
2033:
2026:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2002:
1929:) or the year parameter (
1905:
1893:
1881:
1868:
1856:
1819:
1791:
1778:
1753:
1745:Retaining existing format
1743:
1733:
1707:
1699:
1687:
1658:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1030:. Publisher. Identifiers.
925:
897:
871:
845:
818:
792:
765:
738:
709:
683:
652:
626:
600:
585:magazines and newsletters
573:
542:
516:
489:
462:
435:
404:
378:
350:
321:
314:
309:
304:
299:
294:
291:
288:
273:
264:
9304:Simple vandalism cleanup
8940:Avoiding common mistakes
8935:Advice for young editors
7921:Citation Style Vancouver
7312:User:Headbomb/unreliable
6341:supported language codes
5970:
5575:using the corresponding
4795:; if first character of
4312:Knowledge:Citing sources
4308:Knowledge:External links
3563:(as journal or magazine)
3067:WP:The Knowledge Library
2986:and can be entered with
2713:(where it is aliased to
2342:supported language codes
2292:supported language codes
1564:|orig-date=composed 1904
1532:the citation requires a
1254:; Hawking, Lucy (2007).
1026:Author (n.d.). "Title".
362:audio and visual sources
104:This page in a nutshell:
9039:VisualEditor user guide
8821:Policies and guidelines
7818:Policies and guidelines
7620:custom interwiki prefix
7455:Double open brackets ].
7428:http://www.example.org/
7336:User:InternetArchiveBot
5823:they are not marked as
4773:(before April 2007) or
4371:But can be trimmed to:
4325:Knowledge:Verifiability
4206:. Please choose either
4032:. Displays preceded by
1895:Centuries and millennia
9013:Introductions by topic
9008:Why create an account?
8082:Template documentation
7572:for Wikidata nodes is
7387:is not supplied, then
6756:
6340:=_language_codes": -->
6297:User talk:Citation bot
5656:external link template
5202:
4799:value is a digit, use
4281:in place of the usual
4145:|edition=Revised third
3860:An editor may use any
3026:|publisher=] / ] Press
2854:|publisher=Amazon Inc.
2677:
2370:Must be replaced with
2341:=_language_codes": -->
2291:=_language_codes": -->
2201:and cited articles in
2171:
2092:dates into ymd format
1308:Editors should use an
986:How the templates work
804:audio or video serials
192:
180:
176:within a given article
9466:(Encyclopedia proper)
8846:Who writes Knowledge?
8826:What Knowledge is not
7811:Knowledge referencing
7687:|series=Second Series
7511:Help:Citation Style 2
7479:is not defined, then
7461:The use of an URL in
7434:A field is truncated.
7259:User:Svick/HarvErrors
7159:Elements not included
6715:|display-authors=etal
6647:<references /: -->
6437:CITEREFHardcastle2006
6241:, based on a list in
6232:Tracking of free DOIs
4771:|arxiv=hep-th/9205027
4619:Further information:
4158:should be limited to
4040:. If hyphenated, use
3926:|pages=12{{endash}}34
2978:San Jose Mercury News
2693:Further information:
2555:syc: Classical Syriac
2344:followed by a colon:
2294:followed by a colon:
1328:and falsification of
1301:avoid citations like
187:
185:additionally states:
174:. However, citations
164:
143:) is a collection of
108:Template:Cite journal
9166:Citations/references
9125:Titles (of articles)
9070:Biographies (living)
8693:Knowledge help pages
8328:public mailing lists
7857:Scientific citations
7830:No original research
7683:|series=First Series
7306:Reliability scripts:
7200:, a tool built into
6687:display-interviewers
6675:display-contributors
6605:em spaces wide; set
6409:Examples of anchors
6031:"Nifty example data"
5961:|section-url-access=
5913:|chapter-url-access=
5901:|article-url-access=
5835:values if possible.
5550:) support a special
5436:Standard Book Number
5418:Request for Comments
5268:Mathematical Reviews
5173:or a space; example
5020:or a space; example
4969:10.1038/news070508-7
4728:|url-status=deviated
4341:Reviews of the work.
4000:|at=Act III, Scene 2
3922:|page=12{{hyphen}}34
3003:of London (contrast
2534:ota: Ottoman Turkish
2334:. Chapter titles in
2131:https://example.com/
2022:is omitted or empty
1640:CS1 compliance with
1330:source verifiability
42:This help page is a
8955:Simplified rule-set
8716:for an interactive
8563:Cite AV media notes
8542:Audiovisual-related
8398:unpublished reports
7969:Shortened footnotes
7263:Shortened footnotes
7187:Help:Citation tools
7153:External link icons
6790:
6774:Module:Citation/CS1
6699:display-translators
6635:shortened footnotes
6597:to a numeric value
6452:Default, two names
6410:
6369:shortened footnotes
6062:
5840:
5487:corpus ID; example
4907:1974AJ.....79..819H
4716:|url-status=usurped
4160:Original/New Series
4135:Edition identifiers
3950:|pages=461, 466–467
3228:cite AV media notes
3135:
3011:WP:SAYWHEREYOUGOTIT
2930:|publication-place=
2346:|script-chapter=ar:
2185:Titles and chapters
1999:
1927:|date=July 4, 1997b
1644:
1634:Module:Citation/CS1
1450:|translator3-first=
1442:|translator2-first=
383:Cite AV media notes
285:
231:Module:Citation/CS1
153:Module:Citation/CS1
126:This help page has
9331:WP search protocol
9326:User contributions
9292:Email confirmation
9018:Graphics tutorials
8982:Your first article
8960:"Ignore all rules"
8476:Preprint templates
8377:Cite press release
8272:edited collections
7984:Help for beginners
7936:Citation templates
7893:Referencing styles
6788:
6711:|display-authors=0
6707:|display-authors=2
6428:Default, one name
6408:
6295:, leave a note at
6221:
6060:
6024:which renders as:
6017:Nifty example data
5937:|entry-url-access=
5920:|contribution-url=
5838:
5808:|contribution-url=
5664:|id={{NCJ|122967}}
5401:
5380:
5376:
5360:
5087:
4957:). Aliases: none.
4939:). Aliases: none.
4800:
4796:
4621:Knowledge:Link rot
4432:Special characters
4283:external-link icon
4176:: – , for example
4091:double parentheses
3940:: – , for example
3655:cite press release
3121:
3006:The New York Times
2911:for websites, and
2689:Work and publisher
2613:cite press release
2468:grc: Ancient Greek
2260:As with trademarks
2197:cite press release
1993:
1639:
1596:. Further points:
1473:|translator-first=
1465:|translator3-link=
1461:|translator2-link=
1446:|translator3-last=
1438:|translator2-last=
1434:|translator-first=
743:Cite press release
474:edited collections
283:
145:reference citation
9553:
9552:
9467:
9140:information pages
8659:
8658:
8440:technical reports
8370:online newsgroups
8321:Cite mailing list
8300:academic journals
8265:Cite encyclopedia
8244:conference papers
8170:
8169:
8144:Knowledge Library
7974:Nesting footnotes
7883:Combining sources
7722:Physical Review A
7702:Physical Review A
7691:Physical Review A
7675:Physical Review D
7671:Physical Review C
7667:Physical Review B
7663:Physical Review A
7626:entry (with code
7155:are not printed.
7144:
7143:
6825:generic-name test
6511:
6510:
6263:User:Citation bot
6182:
6181:
6072:Allowed keywords
5966:
5965:
5850:Allowed keywords
5652:unique identifier
5505:Zentralblatt MATH
5141:979-0-9016791-7-7
5071:978-0-8126-9593-9
4909:. Aliases: none.
4893:. Aliases: none.
4779:|arxiv=1501.00001
4712:|url-status=unfit
4566:
4565:
4411:on Google Books:
4361:would look like:
3858:
3857:
3499:cite mailing list
3384:cite encyclopedia
3083:Project Gutenberg
2845:WP:Citing sources
2406:
2405:
2319:|at=Featured News
2296:|script-title=ar:
2178:{{use xxx dates}}
2139:"Example Webpage"
2103:
2102:
1987:{{use xxx dates}}
1984:in the article's
1917:
1916:
1613:publication dates
1477:|translator-link=
1469:|translator-last=
1457:|translator-link=
1430:|translator-last=
1414:|display-editors=
1326:original research
1230:; Hawking, Lucy.
1174:|display-authors=
956:
955:
883:technical reports
695:online newsgroups
605:Cite mailing list
467:Cite encyclopedia
447:conference papers
301:Citation expander
281:
280:
134:
133:
114:
113:
91:
90:
16:(Redirected from
9578:
9566:Knowledge how-to
9547:
9543:
9501:Manual of Style
9465:
9451:
9345:
9320:simple archiving
9176:Citation Style 1
9156:Article deletion
9151:Appealing blocks
9144:
9053:
9031:
9023:Picture tutorial
9001:
8928:
8860:
8856:Help for readers
8797:
8783:
8771:
8759:
8747:
8735:
8719:
8686:
8679:
8672:
8663:
8662:
8643:
8637:
8600:
8594:
8589:
8583:
8578:
8572:
8567:
8561:
8556:
8550:
8534:
8528:
8523:
8517:
8512:
8506:
8501:
8495:
8490:
8484:
8465:
8459:
8451:
8445:
8437:
8433:Cite tech report
8431:
8423:
8417:
8409:
8403:
8395:
8389:
8381:
8375:
8367:
8361:
8353:
8347:
8339:
8333:
8325:
8319:
8311:
8305:
8297:
8291:
8283:
8277:
8269:
8263:
8255:
8249:
8241:
8235:
8227:
8221:
8204:Citation Style 1
8197:
8190:
8183:
8174:
8173:
8129:
8123:
8118:
8112:
8107:
8101:
8096:
8090:
8038:Cite link labels
8022:Citing Knowledge
7951:Inline citations
7941:Reflist template
7916:Citation Style 2
7911:Citation Style 1
7840:Reliable sources
7804:
7797:
7790:
7781:
7780:
7774:
7773:
7756:
7739:
7714:
7688:
7684:
7647:
7641:
7638:
7631:
7617:
7613:
7606:
7602:
7595:
7591:
7579:
7575:
7563:
7550:
7535:
7532:
7496:
7492:
7488:
7482:
7478:
7474:
7464:
7448:
7440:
7430:
7424:
7423:www.example.org/
7400:
7390:
7386:
7379:
7370:
7345:
7288:
7282:
7278:
7272:
7139:
7127:
7118:
7114:
7110:
7104:
7096:
7092:
7086:
7078:
7069:
7060:
7056:
7052:
7046:
7042:
7036:
7032:
7026:
7022:
7016:
7012:
7006:
7002:
6998:
6994:
6990:
6986:
6982:
6974:
6961:
6952:
6939:
6930:
6921:
6912:
6903:
6890:
6882:
6871:
6860:
6849:
6838:
6808:
6791:
6787:
6784:
6759:
6740:
6736:
6732:
6731:|postscript=none
6728:
6716:
6712:
6708:
6693:display-subjects
6656:
6648:
6644:
6601:to set the dash
6567:interviewer-mask
6555:contributor-mask
6540:
6536:
6532:
6528:
6507:
6498:
6493:
6488:
6482:
6478:
6471:
6462:
6457:
6447:
6438:
6433:
6411:
6407:
6404:
6391:
6381:
6348:
6316:is defined, use
6287:
6283:
6280:with the format
6271:
6270:10.xxxx/yyyy....
6256:
6255:|doi-access=free
6248:
6226:pmc-embargo-date
6216:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6191:
6178:
6173:
6166:
6161:
6154:
6149:
6142:
6137:
6130:
6125:
6118:
6113:
6106:
6101:
6094:
6093:
6089:
6084:
6083:|bibcode-access=
6079:
6063:
6059:
6056:
6052:
6048:
6035:
6033:
6020:
6016:
6013:
6010:
6006:
6003:
6000:
5996:
5993:
5990:
5986:
5983:
5980:
5977:
5974:
5962:
5957:
5950:
5949:|map-url-access=
5945:
5938:
5933:
5926:
5921:
5914:
5909:
5902:
5897:
5890:
5889:
5885:
5881:
5880:
5876:
5872:
5871:
5867:
5862:
5857:
5841:
5837:
5834:
5830:
5826:
5821:
5817:
5813:
5809:
5805:
5801:
5797:
5782:
5751:
5748:
5747:
5740:
5737:
5736:
5729:
5726:
5725:
5710:
5707:
5706:
5665:
5661:
5638:convenience link
5635:
5631:
5620:
5619:|title-link=none
5616:
5612:
5608:
5604:
5600:
5596:
5590:
5583:
5567:
5549:
5545:
5541:
5537:
5533:
5520:
5516:
5512:
5508:
5507:
5490:
5485:Semantic Scholar
5472:
5441:
5440:|sbn=356-02201-3
5423:
5405:
5398:
5373:pmc-embargo-date
5364:
5356:
5334:
5316:
5298:
5273:
5255:
5251:
5250:|lccn=2004042477
5247:
5229:
5211:
5207:
5176:
5142:
5115:
5111:
5105:
5084:
5072:
5054:
5053:|hdl=20.1000/100
5023:
5022:|eissn=1557-2986
4974:
4970:
4952:
4934:
4922:
4908:
4892:
4888:
4884:
4880:
4876:
4872:
4868:
4864:
4860:
4856:
4852:
4848:
4844:
4840:
4836:
4832:
4828:
4824:
4820:
4806:
4805:|asin=B00005N5PF
4780:
4776:
4775:|arxiv=0706.0001
4772:
4754:
4750:
4733:
4729:
4725:
4721:
4717:
4713:
4706:
4689:
4688:|url-status=live
4679:
4674:. Archived from
4666:
4662:
4658:
4654:
4650:
4604:hidden or styled
4494:
4493:
4490:
4471:
4467:
4463:
4459:
4455:
4451:
4447:
4443:
4427:
4331:Do not link to:
4297:
4292:
4288:
4263:
4255:
4218:
4213:
4209:
4205:
4187:
4186:|volume=I, III–V
4183:
4179:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4146:
4130:
4122:
4110:
4106:
4100:
4096:
4088:
4084:
4080:
4076:
4072:
4068:
4064:
4053:
4049:
4043:
4039:
4035:
4031:
4027:
4023:
4019:
4015:
4011:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3985:
3967:
3959:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3927:
3923:
3913:
3902:
3898:
3894:
3890:
3886:
3882:
3876:
3874:
3870:
3842:
3819:
3796:
3793:cite tech report
3773:
3750:
3727:
3704:
3681:
3658:
3635:
3612:
3589:
3560:
3528:
3502:
3479:
3456:
3433:
3410:
3387:
3358:
3326:
3300:
3277:
3254:
3231:
3208:
3185:
3162:
3151:|quote-page(s)=
3136:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3120:
3112:
3079:Internet Archive
3052:publication-date
3039:
3035:
3027:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3015:|location=London
2995:The Mercury News
2993:, which yields:
2992:
2989:
2983:The Mercury News
2967:
2963:
2931:
2918:
2905:
2887:
2884:
2879:
2876:
2871:
2868:
2863:
2860:
2855:
2852:
2821:
2817:
2809:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2785:J. Am. Vet. Med.
2779:
2775:
2771:
2754:
2748:
2740:
2734:
2726:
2720:
2712:
2706:
2680:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2646:
2631:
2625:
2617:
2611:
2420:
2417:= language codes
2411:
2364:
2363:
2350:
2320:
2310:
2300:
2269:
2248:
2240:
2232:
2224:
2216:
2208:
2200:
2180:
2179:
2174:
2166:
2162:
2153:
2151:
2150:
2134:
2123:
2116:
2099:
2083:
2073:
2066:
2056:
2046:
2036:
2029:
2021:
2013:
2000:
1997:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1983:
1975:
1967:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1942:Citation Style 1
1932:
1928:
1858:Days of the week
1851:
1843:
1835:
1807:
1803:
1773:
1769:
1725:
1717:
1676:
1645:
1638:
1615:, or YYYY-MM-DD.
1608:Do not wikilink.
1589:
1585:
1565:
1561:
1537:
1494:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1415:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1349:
1341:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1304:
1300:
1289:
1279:
1269:
1259:
1252:Hawking, Stephen
1245:
1235:
1228:Hawking, Stephen
1221:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1194:
1186:
1175:
1164:
1160:
1151:
1143:
1135:
1127:
1119:
1115:
1108:
1097:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1047:
1031:
1009:
1003:
999:
993:
967:
964:
934:
928:
906:
900:
880:
876:Cite tech report
874:
854:
848:
827:
821:
801:
795:
774:
768:
747:
741:
718:
712:
692:
686:
661:
655:
635:
629:
609:
603:
582:
576:
551:
545:
525:
519:
498:
492:
471:
465:
444:
438:
413:
407:
387:
381:
359:
353:
330:
324:
286:
282:
262:
261:
137:Citation Style 1
123:
116:
100:
99:
93:
83:
76:
37:
36:
30:
21:
9586:
9585:
9581:
9580:
9579:
9577:
9576:
9575:
9556:
9555:
9554:
9549:
9525:
9441:
9335:
9129:
9043:
9029:
8997:Getting started
8991:
8916:
8897:Other languages
8850:
8841:Making requests
8835:parental advice
8793:About Knowledge
8787:
8741:Reference desks
8695:
8690:
8660:
8655:
8646:
8641:
8635:
8624:
8603:
8598:
8592:
8587:
8581:
8576:
8570:
8565:
8559:
8554:
8548:
8537:
8532:
8526:
8521:
8515:
8510:
8504:
8499:
8493:
8488:
8482:
8471:
8463:
8457:
8449:
8443:
8435:
8429:
8421:
8415:
8407:
8401:
8393:
8387:
8379:
8373:
8365:
8359:
8351:
8345:
8337:
8331:
8323:
8317:
8309:
8303:
8295:
8289:
8281:
8275:
8267:
8261:
8253:
8247:
8239:
8237:Cite conference
8233:
8225:
8219:
8206:
8201:
8171:
8166:
8148:
8132:
8127:
8121:
8116:
8110:
8105:
8099:
8094:
8088:
8077:
8026:
7978:
7945:
7897:
7888:Offline sources
7873:Citation needed
7861:
7813:
7808:
7778:
7777:
7770:
7757:
7753:
7748:
7743:
7742:
7717:media franchise
7712:
7698:media franchise
7695:Physical Review
7686:
7682:
7659:Physical Review
7654:Physical Review
7648:
7644:
7633:
7627:
7615:
7611:
7604:
7600:
7593:
7589:
7577:
7573:
7561:
7558:language prefix
7551:
7538:
7533:
7529:
7524:
7516:Help:CS1 errors
7507:
7494:
7490:
7486:
7480:
7476:
7472:
7462:
7442:
7438:
7426:
7422:
7398:
7388:
7384:
7377:
7374:
7373:
7366:
7362:
7356:
7343:
7339:
7325:WP:TemplateData
7321:
7286:
7280:
7276:
7270:
7249:Error checking
7189:
7183:
7161:
7149:
7137:
7125:
7116:
7112:
7108:
7102:
7094:
7090:
7084:
7076:
7067:
7058:
7054:
7050:
7044:
7040:
7034:
7030:
7024:
7020:
7014:
7010:
7004:
7000:
6996:
6992:
6988:
6984:
6980:
6972:
6959:
6950:
6937:
6928:
6919:
6910:
6901:
6888:
6880:
6876:
6869:
6865:
6858:
6854:
6847:
6843:
6836:
6832:
6819:
6814:
6806:
6802:
6782:
6778:
6770:
6752:
6738:
6734:
6730:
6726:
6714:
6710:
6706:
6681:display-editors
6669:display-authors
6660:
6654:
6650:
6646:
6638:
6628:
6619:
6610:
6593:
6579:translator-mask
6538:
6534:
6530:
6526:
6516:
6514:Display options
6501:
6496:
6491:
6486:
6480:
6476:
6465:
6460:
6455:
6441:
6436:
6431:
6398:
6396:
6390:
6386:
6379:lastname(s)year
6376:
6365:
6346:
6306:
6285:
6281:
6269:
6254:
6246:
6239:DOI registrants
6234:
6214:
6209:
6204:
6199:
6194:
6189:
6176:
6171:
6164:
6159:
6152:
6147:
6140:
6135:
6128:
6123:
6116:
6111:
6104:
6099:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6054:
6050:
6046:
6042:
6028:
6022:
6021:
6018:
6014:
6011:
6008:
6004:
6001:
5998:
5994:
5991:
5988:
5984:
5981:
5978:
5975:
5972:
5960:
5955:
5948:
5943:
5936:
5931:
5924:
5919:
5912:
5907:
5900:
5895:
5883:
5874:
5865:
5860:
5855:
5832:
5828:
5824:
5819:
5815:
5811:
5807:
5803:
5799:
5795:
5792:
5786:
5785:
5778:
5774:
5768:
5749:
5738:
5727:
5708:
5680:
5663:
5659:
5633:
5629:
5618:
5615:|title-link=doi
5614:
5611:|title-link=pmc
5610:
5606:
5602:
5598:
5594:
5588:
5580:
5576:
5564:
5559:
5555:
5547:
5543:
5539:
5535:
5531:
5519:|jfm=35.0387.02
5518:
5514:
5511:|zbl=0472.53010
5510:
5489:|s2cid=37220927
5488:
5470:
5439:
5421:
5396:
5354:
5351:open repository
5332:
5314:
5296:
5271:
5254:|lccn=e09001178
5253:
5249:
5245:
5227:
5210:|jfm=53.0144.01
5209:
5175:|issn=2049-3630
5174:
5140:
5139:; for example:
5113:
5109:
5103:
5081:ISBN § Overview
5070:
5069:; for example:
5052:
5021:
4998:https://doi.org
4994:doi-broken-date
4968:
4967:; for example:
4950:
4932:
4920:
4906:
4890:
4886:
4882:
4878:
4874:
4870:
4866:
4862:
4858:
4854:
4850:
4846:
4842:
4838:
4834:
4830:
4826:
4822:
4818:
4804:
4778:
4774:
4770:
4769:; for example:
4752:
4748:
4744:
4731:
4727:
4723:
4719:
4715:
4711:
4695:
4687:
4668:
4664:
4660:
4656:
4652:
4648:
4623:
4617:
4575:
4488:
4485:percent-encoded
4469:
4465:
4461:
4457:
4453:
4449:
4445:
4441:
4434:
4425:
4405:
4355:
4314:
4304:
4295:
4290:
4286:
4271:
4261:
4256:parameter, see
4253:
4234:
4216:
4211:
4207:
4203:
4185:
4181:
4177:
4155:
4144:
4137:
4124:
4116:
4108:
4104:
4098:
4094:
4086:
4078:
4074:
4070:
4066:
4062:
4054:). Alias: none.
4051:
4047:
4041:
4037:
4029:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4013:
4009:
3999:
3995:
3992:|at=Paragraph 5
3991:
3987:
3983:
3965:
3957:
3949:
3946:|pages=157, 159
3945:
3941:
3925:
3921:
3911:
3900:
3896:
3892:
3888:
3887:overrides both
3884:
3880:
3872:
3868:
3866:
3836:
3813:
3790:
3767:
3744:
3721:
3698:
3675:
3652:
3629:
3606:
3583:
3566:
3554:
3534:
3522:
3496:
3473:
3450:
3427:
3404:
3381:
3364:
3355:cite conference
3352:
3332:
3323:cite conference
3320:
3294:
3271:
3248:
3225:
3202:
3179:
3156:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3119:
3110:
3037:
3033:
3025:
3022:
3018:
3014:
2990:
2987:
2965:
2961:
2959:
2943:
2939:
2929:
2916:
2903:
2885:
2882:
2877:
2874:
2869:
2866:
2861:
2858:
2853:
2850:
2819:
2811:
2807:
2804:
2801:
2798:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2752:
2746:
2738:
2732:
2724:
2718:
2710:
2704:
2697:
2691:
2664:
2660:
2657:|lang=fr, pt-br
2656:
2652:
2639:
2629:
2623:
2615:
2609:
2602:
2597:
2422:
2415:
2349:
2345:
2318:
2308:
2299:
2295:
2267:
2242:
2237:cite conference
2234:
2226:
2218:
2210:
2202:
2194:
2187:
2177:
2176:
2164:
2160:
2148:
2146:
2137:
2128:
2121:
2110:
2097:
2090:Julian calendar
2081:
2071:
2064:
2054:
2044:
2034:
2027:
2019:
2011:
1995:
1986:
1985:
1981:
1978:|cs1-dates=<
1977:
1969:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1939:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1849:
1837:
1829:
1805:
1801:
1771:
1767:
1726:templates; see
1719:
1711:
1670:
1622:
1587:
1583:
1563:
1559:
1533:
1502:
1492:
1485:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1426:
1418:Display options
1413:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1380:|editor3-first=
1379:
1375:
1372:|editor2-first=
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1356:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1302:
1298:
1287:
1274:
1267:
1243:
1219:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1178:Display options
1173:
1162:
1158:
1155:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1095:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1057:
1041:
1036:Without author:
1007:
1001:
997:
991:
988:
976:
974:Specific source
971:
970:
965:
961:
932:
926:
904:
898:
878:
872:
852:
846:
825:
819:
799:
793:
772:
766:
745:
739:
721:audio or video
716:
710:
690:
684:
659:
653:
633:
627:
607:
601:
580:
574:
549:
543:
523:
517:
496:
490:
469:
463:
442:
440:Cite conference
436:
411:
405:
385:
379:
357:
351:
328:
322:
257:
252:
216:
196:Manual of Style
97:
87:
86:
79:
72:
68:
60:
59:
34:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9584:
9574:
9573:
9568:
9551:
9550:
9536:
9533:Missing Manual
9530:
9527:
9526:
9524:
9523:
9518:
9513:
9508:
9503:
9498:
9493:
9488:
9483:
9478:
9476:Editor's index
9473:
9468:
9460:
9454:
9452:
9443:
9442:
9440:
9439:
9434:
9429:
9424:
9419:
9414:
9409:
9404:
9399:
9394:
9389:
9384:
9379:
9374:
9369:
9364:
9359:
9354:
9348:
9346:
9337:
9336:
9334:
9333:
9328:
9323:
9317:
9308:
9307:
9306:
9296:
9295:
9294:
9284:
9279:
9278:
9277:
9275:Renaming pages
9267:
9262:
9257:
9247:
9242:
9240:Image deletion
9237:
9232:
9227:
9222:
9221:
9220:
9215:
9210:
9200:
9195:
9190:
9189:
9188:
9183:
9178:
9173:
9163:
9158:
9153:
9147:
9145:
9138:
9131:
9130:
9128:
9127:
9122:
9117:
9112:
9107:
9102:
9097:
9092:
9090:Disambiguation
9087:
9082:
9077:
9075:Categorization
9072:
9067:
9062:
9056:
9054:
9049:Dos and don'ts
9045:
9044:
9042:
9041:
9036:
9035:
9034:
9025:
9015:
9010:
9004:
9002:
8993:
8992:
8990:
8989:
8986:article wizard
8979:
8977:Tip of the day
8974:
8969:
8968:
8967:
8962:
8952:
8947:
8942:
8937:
8931:
8929:
8923:
8918:
8917:
8915:
8914:
8909:
8904:
8899:
8894:
8889:
8884:
8879:
8874:
8869:
8863:
8861:
8852:
8851:
8849:
8848:
8843:
8838:
8828:
8823:
8818:
8817:
8816:
8811:
8804:Administration
8800:
8798:
8789:
8788:
8786:
8785:
8773:
8761:
8749:
8737:
8724:
8723:
8722:
8700:
8697:
8696:
8689:
8688:
8681:
8674:
8666:
8657:
8656:
8651:
8648:
8647:
8645:
8644:
8632:
8630:
8626:
8625:
8623:
8622:
8617:
8611:
8609:
8605:
8604:
8602:
8601:
8590:
8579:
8568:
8557:
8545:
8543:
8539:
8538:
8536:
8535:
8524:
8513:
8508:Cite CiteSeerX
8502:
8491:
8479:
8477:
8473:
8472:
8470:
8469:
8466:
8455:
8452:
8441:
8438:
8427:
8424:
8413:
8412:signs, plaques
8410:
8399:
8396:
8385:
8384:press releases
8382:
8371:
8368:
8363:Cite newsgroup
8357:
8354:
8343:
8340:
8329:
8326:
8315:
8312:
8301:
8298:
8287:
8284:
8279:Cite interview
8273:
8270:
8259:
8256:
8245:
8242:
8231:
8228:
8216:
8214:
8212:
8208:
8207:
8200:
8199:
8192:
8185:
8177:
8168:
8167:
8165:
8164:
8158:
8156:
8150:
8149:
8147:
8146:
8140:
8138:
8134:
8133:
8131:
8130:
8119:
8108:
8097:
8085:
8083:
8079:
8078:
8076:
8075:
8070:
8065:
8060:
8055:
8050:
8045:
8043:Citation tools
8040:
8034:
8032:
8028:
8027:
8025:
8024:
8019:
8014:
8009:
8004:
7999:
7994:
7992:Reference-tags
7988:
7986:
7980:
7979:
7977:
7976:
7971:
7966:
7961:
7955:
7953:
7947:
7946:
7944:
7943:
7938:
7933:
7928:
7923:
7918:
7913:
7907:
7905:
7903:Citing sources
7899:
7898:
7896:
7895:
7890:
7885:
7880:
7875:
7869:
7867:
7866:General advice
7863:
7862:
7860:
7859:
7854:
7852:Citing sources
7849:
7848:
7847:
7837:
7832:
7827:
7821:
7819:
7815:
7814:
7807:
7806:
7799:
7792:
7784:
7776:
7775:
7769:978-0226104201
7768:
7750:
7749:
7747:
7744:
7741:
7740:
7642:
7566:interwiki link
7536:
7526:
7525:
7523:
7520:
7519:
7518:
7513:
7506:
7503:
7502:
7501:
7498:
7484:
7469:
7466:
7459:
7456:
7453:
7450:
7435:
7432:
7415:
7412:
7409:
7406:
7395:
7392:
7381:
7380:does not show.
7372:
7371:
7363:
7358:
7355:
7352:
7351:
7350:
7338:
7333:
7320:
7317:
7316:
7315:
7303:
7302:
7296:
7290:
7246:
7245:
7239:
7233:
7227:
7221:
7215:
7209:
7182:
7179:
7178:
7177:
7174:
7171:
7168:
7160:
7157:
7148:
7145:
7142:
7141:
7133:
7132:
7129:
7121:
7120:
7105:
7099:
7098:
7087:
7081:
7080:
7072:
7071:
7063:
7062:
6976:
6968:
6967:
6963:
6955:
6954:
6946:
6945:
6941:
6933:
6932:
6924:
6923:
6915:
6914:
6906:
6905:
6897:
6896:
6892:
6884:
6883:
6878:
6873:
6872:
6867:
6862:
6861:
6856:
6851:
6850:
6845:
6840:
6839:
6834:
6829:
6828:
6822:
6821:
6817:
6812:
6809:
6804:
6799:
6798:
6795:
6780:
6769:
6766:
6751:
6748:
6747:
6746:
6741:is ignored if
6720:
6719:
6718:
6696:
6690:
6684:
6678:
6672:
6665:
6664:
6663:
6662:
6658:
6652:
6626:
6617:
6608:
6591:
6576:
6570:
6564:
6558:
6552:
6546:
6515:
6512:
6509:
6508:
6499:
6494:
6489:
6473:
6472:
6463:
6458:
6453:
6449:
6448:
6439:
6434:
6429:
6425:
6424:
6423:Targetable by
6421:
6418:
6415:
6394:
6388:
6364:
6361:
6360:
6359:
6358:
6357:
6351:
6350:
6349:
6305:
6302:
6301:
6300:
6289:
6266:
6233:
6230:
6220:For embargoed
6218:
6217:
6212:
6207:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6180:
6179:
6177:|s2cid-access=
6174:
6168:
6167:
6162:
6156:
6155:
6150:
6144:
6143:
6138:
6132:
6131:
6129:|jstor-access=
6126:
6120:
6119:
6114:
6108:
6107:
6102:
6096:
6095:
6085:
6080:
6074:
6073:
6070:
6067:
6041:
6038:
6037:
6036:
5971:
5964:
5963:
5958:
5952:
5951:
5946:
5940:
5939:
5934:
5928:
5927:
5922:
5916:
5915:
5910:
5904:
5903:
5898:
5892:
5891:
5882:
5873:
5863:
5858:
5852:
5851:
5848:
5845:
5833:|archive-date=
5784:
5783:
5775:
5770:
5767:
5764:
5760:
5759:
5758:
5757:
5742:
5731:
5714:
5713:
5712:
5679:
5676:
5675:
5674:
5660:|id=NCJ 122967
5632:parameter (or
5578:
5562:
5557:
5527:
5526:
5515:JFM 35.0387.02
5496:
5478:
5460:
5459:
5458:
5429:
5411:
5397:|pmid=17322060
5386:
5385:
5384:
5347:PubMed Central
5340:
5322:
5304:
5279:
5261:
5246:|lccn=79-57364
5235:
5228:|jstor=3793107
5217:
5195:
5194:
5193:
5156:
5130:
5129:
5128:
5117:
5093:
5077:Knowledge:ISBN
5060:
5042:
5041:
5040:
5003:
5002:
5001:
4991:
4958:
4951:10.1.1.176.341
4940:
4921:10.1101/078733
4910:
4896:
4895:
4894:
4786:
4743:
4740:
4708:
4707:
4692:
4691:
4678:on 2013-05-01.
4665:|archive-date=
4653:|archive-date=
4645:
4644:
4634:
4616:
4613:
4612:
4611:
4574:
4571:
4564:
4563:
4560:
4557:
4554:
4551:
4548:
4545:
4542:
4539:
4536:
4533:
4529:
4528:
4525:
4522:
4519:
4516:
4513:
4510:
4507:
4504:
4501:
4498:
4433:
4430:
4429:
4428:
4419:
4418:
4404:
4401:
4400:
4399:
4389:
4388:
4379:
4378:
4369:
4368:
4354:
4351:
4350:
4349:
4342:
4339:
4336:
4329:
4328:
4321:
4303:
4302:Online sources
4300:
4270:
4269:Using |format=
4267:
4266:
4265:
4247:
4241:
4233:
4232:External links
4230:
4229:
4228:
4193:
4182:|volume=I, III
4167:
4149:
4136:
4133:
4113:
4112:
4111:. Alias: none.
4055:
4003:
3996:|at=Back cover
3977:
3976:
3975:
3942:|pages=236–239
3931:
3930:
3929:
3856:
3855:
3852:
3849:
3846:
3843:
3833:
3832:
3829:
3826:
3823:
3820:
3810:
3809:
3806:
3803:
3800:
3797:
3787:
3786:
3783:
3780:
3777:
3774:
3764:
3763:
3760:
3757:
3754:
3751:
3741:
3740:
3737:
3734:
3731:
3728:
3718:
3717:
3714:
3711:
3708:
3705:
3695:
3694:
3691:
3688:
3685:
3682:
3672:
3671:
3668:
3665:
3662:
3659:
3649:
3648:
3645:
3642:
3639:
3636:
3626:
3625:
3622:
3619:
3616:
3613:
3609:cite newsgroup
3603:
3602:
3599:
3596:
3593:
3590:
3580:
3579:
3576:
3573:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3564:
3561:
3551:
3548:
3547:
3544:
3541:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3532:
3529:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3512:
3509:
3506:
3503:
3493:
3492:
3489:
3486:
3483:
3480:
3470:
3469:
3466:
3463:
3460:
3457:
3447:
3446:
3443:
3440:
3437:
3434:
3430:cite interview
3424:
3423:
3420:
3417:
3414:
3411:
3401:
3400:
3397:
3394:
3391:
3388:
3378:
3377:
3374:
3371:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3362:
3361:(as a journal)
3359:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3342:
3339:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3330:
3327:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3310:
3307:
3304:
3301:
3297:cite citeseerx
3291:
3290:
3287:
3284:
3281:
3278:
3268:
3267:
3264:
3261:
3258:
3255:
3245:
3244:
3241:
3238:
3235:
3232:
3222:
3221:
3218:
3215:
3212:
3209:
3199:
3198:
3195:
3192:
3189:
3186:
3176:
3175:
3172:
3169:
3166:
3163:
3153:
3152:
3149:
3146:
3143:
3140:
3123:
3118:
3115:
3114:
3113:
3103:Dictionary.com
3091:PubMed Central
3063:
3055:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3032:have separate
3031:
2957:
2942:City, US State
2941:
2937:
2935:
2922:
2921:
2891:
2890:
2889:
2888:
2880:
2872:
2864:
2856:
2824:
2823:
2794:
2781:
2770:<title: -->
2765:
2764:
2762:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2685:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2633:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2595:
2592:
2591:yue: Cantonese
2589:
2586:
2583:
2580:
2577:
2574:
2571:
2568:
2565:
2562:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2535:
2532:
2529:
2526:
2523:
2520:
2517:
2514:
2511:
2510:mk: Macedonian
2508:
2505:
2502:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2481:
2478:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2438:be: Belarusian
2436:
2433:
2430:
2426:
2421:
2413:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2400:
2396:
2395:
2392:
2388:
2387:
2384:
2380:
2379:
2376:
2372:
2371:
2368:
2359:
2358:
2352:
2347:
2336:script-chapter
2332:script-chapter
2324:script-chapter
2321:
2312:
2302:
2297:
2271:
2265:
2186:
2183:
2157:
2156:
2155:
2154:
2118:
2117:
2101:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2087:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2047:
2041:
2040:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2024:
2023:
2017:
2014:
2008:
2007:
2004:
1979:
1958:|archive-date=
1938:
1935:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1854:
1853:
1847:
1845:
1826:
1823:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1798:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1776:
1775:
1760:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1747:
1741:
1740:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1656:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1630:MOS:DATEFORMAT
1621:
1618:
1617:
1616:
1609:
1606:
1580:
1579:
1545:
1544:
1543:
1542:
1541:
1530:
1525:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1496:
1484:
1481:
1425:
1422:
1403:|editor-first=
1395:|editor3-link=
1391:|editor2-link=
1376:|editor3-last=
1368:|editor2-last=
1364:|editor-first=
1355:
1352:
1345:
1291:
1290:
1281:
1280:
1271:
1270:
1261:
1260:
1247:
1246:
1237:
1236:
1223:
1222:
1198:
1190:
1153:
1147:
1139:
1131:
1123:
1118:|author-first=
1110:
1109:
1099:
1098:
1056:
1053:
1049:
1048:
1038:
1037:
1033:
1032:
1022:
1021:
987:
984:
975:
972:
969:
968:
958:
957:
954:
953:
950:
947:
944:
941:
938:
935:
923:
922:
920:
917:
915:
913:
910:
907:
895:
894:
892:
890:
888:
886:
884:
881:
869:
868:
866:
864:
862:
860:
858:
855:
843:
842:
840:
837:
835:
833:
831:
828:
816:
815:
813:
811:
809:
807:
805:
802:
790:
789:
787:
784:
782:
780:
778:
775:
763:
762:
760:
757:
755:
753:
751:
750:press releases
748:
736:
735:
733:
731:
729:
727:
725:
719:
707:
706:
704:
702:
700:
698:
696:
693:
688:Cite newsgroup
681:
680:
677:
674:
671:
668:
665:
662:
650:
649:
647:
645:
643:
641:
639:
636:
624:
623:
621:
619:
617:
615:
613:
610:
598:
597:
595:
592:
590:
588:
586:
583:
571:
570:
567:
564:
561:
558:
555:
552:
540:
539:
537:
535:
533:
531:
529:
526:
521:Cite interview
514:
513:
511:
508:
506:
504:
502:
499:
487:
486:
484:
481:
479:
477:
475:
472:
460:
459:
457:
454:
452:
450:
448:
445:
433:
432:
429:
426:
423:
420:
417:
414:
402:
401:
399:
397:
395:
393:
391:
388:
376:
375:
372:
369:
367:
365:
363:
360:
348:
347:
345:
343:
341:
339:
337:
331:
319:
318:
313:
308:
306:RefToolbar 2.0
303:
298:
293:
290:
279:
278:
275:
271:
270:
266:
256:
253:
251:
248:
247:
246:
243:
240:
237:
234:
215:
212:
198:) elements of
132:
131:
124:
112:
111:
101:
89:
88:
85:
84:
77:
69:
64:
61:
49:
48:
40:
38:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9583:
9572:
9569:
9567:
9564:
9563:
9561:
9548:
9542:
9541:
9535:
9534:
9528:
9522:
9519:
9517:
9514:
9512:
9509:
9507:
9504:
9502:
9499:
9497:
9494:
9492:
9489:
9487:
9484:
9482:
9479:
9477:
9474:
9472:
9469:
9464:
9461:
9459:
9458:Abbreviations
9456:
9455:
9453:
9448:
9444:
9438:
9435:
9433:
9430:
9428:
9425:
9423:
9420:
9418:
9415:
9413:
9410:
9408:
9405:
9403:
9402:Music symbols
9400:
9398:
9395:
9393:
9390:
9388:
9385:
9383:
9380:
9378:
9375:
9373:
9370:
9368:
9365:
9363:
9360:
9358:
9355:
9353:
9350:
9349:
9347:
9342:
9338:
9332:
9329:
9327:
9324:
9321:
9318:
9316:
9312:
9309:
9305:
9302:
9301:
9300:
9297:
9293:
9290:
9289:
9288:
9285:
9283:
9280:
9276:
9273:
9272:
9271:
9268:
9266:
9263:
9261:
9258:
9255:
9251:
9248:
9246:
9243:
9241:
9238:
9236:
9233:
9231:
9228:
9226:
9223:
9219:
9218:edit conflict
9216:
9214:
9211:
9209:
9206:
9205:
9204:
9201:
9199:
9196:
9194:
9191:
9187:
9184:
9182:
9179:
9177:
9174:
9172:
9169:
9168:
9167:
9164:
9162:
9159:
9157:
9154:
9152:
9149:
9148:
9146:
9141:
9136:
9132:
9126:
9123:
9121:
9118:
9116:
9113:
9111:
9108:
9106:
9103:
9101:
9098:
9096:
9093:
9091:
9088:
9086:
9083:
9081:
9078:
9076:
9073:
9071:
9068:
9066:
9063:
9061:
9060:Accessibility
9058:
9057:
9055:
9050:
9046:
9040:
9037:
9033:
9026:
9024:
9021:
9020:
9019:
9016:
9014:
9011:
9009:
9006:
9005:
9003:
8998:
8994:
8987:
8983:
8980:
8978:
8975:
8973:
8970:
8966:
8963:
8961:
8958:
8957:
8956:
8953:
8951:
8948:
8946:
8943:
8941:
8938:
8936:
8933:
8932:
8930:
8925:
8919:
8913:
8912:Viewing media
8910:
8908:
8905:
8903:
8900:
8898:
8895:
8893:
8890:
8888:
8887:Mobile access
8885:
8883:
8880:
8878:
8875:
8873:
8870:
8868:
8865:
8864:
8862:
8857:
8853:
8847:
8844:
8842:
8839:
8836:
8832:
8829:
8827:
8824:
8822:
8819:
8815:
8812:
8810:
8807:
8806:
8805:
8802:
8801:
8799:
8794:
8790:
8784:
8779:
8778:
8774:
8772:
8767:
8766:
8762:
8760:
8755:
8754:
8750:
8748:
8743:
8742:
8738:
8736:
8731:
8730:
8726:
8725:
8721:
8715:
8714:
8709:
8708:
8702:
8701:
8698:
8694:
8687:
8682:
8680:
8675:
8673:
8668:
8667:
8664:
8654:
8649:
8640:
8634:
8633:
8631:
8629:Documentation
8627:
8621:
8618:
8616:
8613:
8612:
8610:
8606:
8597:
8591:
8586:
8580:
8575:
8569:
8564:
8558:
8553:
8552:Cite AV media
8547:
8546:
8544:
8540:
8531:
8525:
8520:
8514:
8509:
8503:
8498:
8492:
8487:
8481:
8480:
8478:
8474:
8467:
8462:
8456:
8453:
8448:
8442:
8439:
8434:
8428:
8425:
8420:
8414:
8411:
8406:
8400:
8397:
8392:
8386:
8383:
8378:
8372:
8369:
8364:
8358:
8356:news articles
8355:
8350:
8344:
8341:
8336:
8330:
8327:
8322:
8316:
8313:
8308:
8307:Cite magazine
8302:
8299:
8294:
8288:
8285:
8280:
8274:
8271:
8266:
8260:
8257:
8252:
8251:Cite document
8246:
8243:
8238:
8232:
8229:
8224:
8218:
8217:
8215:
8209:
8205:
8198:
8193:
8191:
8186:
8184:
8179:
8178:
8175:
8163:
8160:
8159:
8157:
8155:
8151:
8145:
8142:
8141:
8139:
8135:
8126:
8120:
8115:
8109:
8104:
8098:
8093:
8087:
8086:
8084:
8080:
8074:
8071:
8069:
8066:
8064:
8061:
8059:
8056:
8054:
8053:Cite messages
8051:
8049:
8046:
8044:
8041:
8039:
8036:
8035:
8033:
8031:Advanced help
8029:
8023:
8020:
8018:
8015:
8013:
8010:
8008:
8005:
8003:
8000:
7998:
7995:
7993:
7990:
7989:
7987:
7985:
7981:
7975:
7972:
7970:
7967:
7965:
7962:
7960:
7957:
7956:
7954:
7952:
7948:
7942:
7939:
7937:
7934:
7932:
7929:
7927:
7924:
7922:
7919:
7917:
7914:
7912:
7909:
7908:
7906:
7904:
7900:
7894:
7891:
7889:
7886:
7884:
7881:
7879:
7876:
7874:
7871:
7870:
7868:
7864:
7858:
7855:
7853:
7850:
7846:
7843:
7842:
7841:
7838:
7836:
7833:
7831:
7828:
7826:
7825:Verifiability
7823:
7822:
7820:
7816:
7812:
7805:
7800:
7798:
7793:
7791:
7786:
7785:
7782:
7771:
7766:
7762:
7755:
7751:
7738:
7736:
7735:
7730:
7729:
7724:
7723:
7718:
7709:
7707:
7703:
7699:
7696:
7692:
7680:
7676:
7672:
7668:
7664:
7660:
7656:
7655:
7646:
7637:
7630:
7625:
7621:
7610:
7599:
7587:
7583:
7571:
7567:
7559:
7555:
7549:
7547:
7545:
7543:
7541:
7531:
7527:
7517:
7514:
7512:
7509:
7508:
7499:
7485:
7470:
7467:
7463:|author-link=
7460:
7457:
7454:
7451:
7446:
7436:
7433:
7429:
7420:
7416:
7413:
7410:
7407:
7404:
7396:
7393:
7389:|access-date=
7382:
7378:|access-date=
7376:
7375:
7369:
7368:Help:CS1PROBS
7365:
7364:
7361:
7354:Common issues
7348:
7341:
7340:
7337:
7332:
7330:
7326:
7313:
7310:
7309:
7308:
7307:
7300:
7297:
7294:
7291:
7285:
7275:
7268:
7264:
7260:
7257:
7256:
7255:
7254:
7252:
7243:
7240:
7237:
7234:
7231:
7228:
7225:
7222:
7219:
7216:
7213:
7210:
7207:
7203:
7202:Visual Editor
7199:
7196:
7195:
7194:
7193:
7188:
7175:
7172:
7169:
7166:
7165:
7164:
7156:
7154:
7140:
7134:
7128:
7122:
7106:
7100:
7088:
7082:
7079:
7077:|quote-pages=
7073:
7070:
7064:
7049:
7039:
7029:
7019:
7009:
7001:|quote-pages=
6975:
6969:
6964:
6962:
6956:
6953:
6947:
6940:
6934:
6931:
6925:
6922:
6916:
6913:
6907:
6904:
6898:
6891:
6885:
6874:
6863:
6852:
6841:
6830:
6826:
6800:
6792:
6786:
6775:
6765:
6763:
6758:
6744:
6724:
6721:
6703:
6702:
6700:
6697:
6694:
6691:
6688:
6685:
6682:
6679:
6676:
6673:
6670:
6667:
6666:
6642:
6636:
6631:
6622:
6613:
6604:
6600:
6596:
6588:or text. Set
6587:
6583:
6582:
6580:
6577:
6574:
6571:
6568:
6565:
6562:
6559:
6556:
6553:
6550:
6547:
6544:
6524:
6521:
6520:
6519:
6505:
6500:
6495:
6490:
6485:
6474:
6469:
6464:
6459:
6454:
6450:
6445:
6440:
6435:
6430:
6426:
6412:
6406:
6402:
6392:
6383:
6380:
6374:
6370:
6355:
6352:
6345:
6344:
6342:
6337:
6333:
6330:
6329:
6327:
6323:
6319:
6315:
6311:
6308:
6307:
6298:
6294:
6290:
6279:
6275:
6267:
6264:
6260:
6252:
6244:
6240:
6236:
6235:
6229:
6227:
6223:
6213:
6208:
6203:
6198:
6193:
6188:
6187:
6186:
6175:
6169:
6165:|ssrn-access=
6163:
6157:
6153:|osti-access=
6151:
6145:
6139:
6133:
6127:
6121:
6115:
6109:
6103:
6097:
6081:
6075:
6064:
6058:
6034:. 2021-04-15.
6032:
6027:
6026:
6025:
5997:registration
5969:
5959:
5956:|section-url=
5953:
5947:
5941:
5935:
5929:
5923:
5917:
5911:
5908:|chapter-url=
5905:
5899:
5896:|article-url=
5893:
5859:
5853:
5842:
5836:
5829:|archive-url=
5820:|section-url=
5804:|chapter-url=
5800:|article-url=
5791:
5781:
5777:
5776:
5773:
5763:
5755:
5743:
5732:
5721:
5720:
5718:
5715:
5702:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5695:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5685:
5672:
5669:
5657:
5653:
5649:
5646:
5645:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5627:
5622:
5593:
5585:
5574:
5573:access status
5569:
5553:
5524:
5506:
5500:
5497:
5494:
5486:
5482:
5479:
5476:
5471:|ssrn=1900856
5468:
5464:
5461:
5456:
5452:
5448:
5447:
5445:
5437:
5433:
5430:
5427:
5419:
5415:
5412:
5409:
5403:
5400:See also the
5394:
5390:
5387:
5382:
5378:
5374:
5371:
5370:
5368:
5362:
5359:See also the
5352:
5348:
5344:
5341:
5338:
5333:|osti=4367507
5330:
5326:
5323:
5320:
5312:
5308:
5305:
5302:
5297:|oclc=9355469
5294:
5293:union catalog
5291:
5287:
5283:
5280:
5277:
5269:
5265:
5262:
5259:
5243:
5239:
5236:
5233:
5225:
5221:
5218:
5215:
5206:
5205:
5199:
5196:
5191:
5187:
5183:
5182:
5180:
5172:
5169:, but not an
5168:
5164:
5160:
5157:
5154:
5150:
5146:
5138:
5134:
5131:
5126:
5122:
5118:
5108:
5101:
5100:
5098:
5091:
5089:
5082:
5078:
5068:
5064:
5061:
5058:
5050:
5049:Handle System
5046:
5043:
5038:
5034:
5030:
5029:
5027:
5019:
5016:, but not an
5015:
5011:
5007:
5004:
4999:
4995:
4992:
4989:
4985:
4981:
4980:
4978:
4975:). Aliases:
4966:
4962:
4959:
4956:
4948:
4944:
4941:
4938:
4930:
4926:
4918:
4914:
4911:
4904:
4900:
4897:
4816:
4813:
4812:
4810:
4802:
4798:
4794:
4790:
4787:
4784:
4768:
4765:
4761:
4758:
4757:
4756:
4739:
4737:
4724:|archive-url=
4704:
4700:
4699:
4694:
4693:
4685:
4682:
4681:
4680:
4677:
4673:
4672:
4657:|archive-url=
4649:|archive-url=
4642:
4638:
4635:
4632:
4628:
4625:
4624:
4622:
4609:
4605:
4601:
4596:
4593:For example,
4592:
4588:
4584:
4580:
4577:
4576:
4570:
4561:
4558:
4555:
4552:
4549:
4546:
4543:
4540:
4537:
4534:
4530:
4495:
4492:
4486:
4482:
4477:
4475:
4439:
4424:
4423:
4422:
4417:
4414:
4413:
4412:
4410:
4397:
4394:
4393:
4392:
4387:
4384:
4383:
4382:
4377:
4374:
4373:
4372:
4367:
4364:
4363:
4362:
4360:
4347:
4343:
4340:
4337:
4334:
4333:
4332:
4326:
4322:
4319:
4318:
4317:
4313:
4309:
4299:
4284:
4280:
4276:
4262:</ref: -->
4259:
4251:
4248:
4245:
4242:
4239:
4236:
4235:
4226:
4222:
4217:|issue=2 #143
4201:
4197:
4194:
4191:
4175:
4171:
4168:
4166:, or similar.
4153:
4150:
4142:
4139:
4138:
4132:
4128:
4120:
4103:
4095:|quote-pages=
4092:
4071:|quote-pages=
4065:. Use either
4060:
4056:
4046:
4018:|quote-pages=
4012:. Use either
4007:
4004:
3981:
3978:
3973:
3970:
3969:
3963:
3955:
3939:
3935:
3932:
3919:
3916:
3915:
3909:
3906:
3905:
3904:
3879:
3863:
3853:
3850:
3847:
3844:
3840:
3834:
3830:
3827:
3824:
3821:
3817:
3811:
3807:
3804:
3801:
3798:
3794:
3788:
3784:
3781:
3778:
3775:
3771:
3765:
3761:
3758:
3755:
3752:
3748:
3742:
3738:
3735:
3732:
3729:
3725:
3719:
3715:
3712:
3709:
3706:
3702:
3696:
3692:
3689:
3686:
3683:
3679:
3673:
3669:
3666:
3663:
3660:
3656:
3650:
3646:
3643:
3640:
3637:
3633:
3627:
3623:
3620:
3617:
3614:
3610:
3604:
3600:
3597:
3594:
3591:
3587:
3581:
3577:
3574:
3571:
3568:
3562:
3558:
3553:
3552:
3549:
3545:
3542:
3539:
3536:
3530:
3526:
3521:
3520:
3517:
3513:
3510:
3507:
3504:
3500:
3494:
3490:
3487:
3484:
3481:
3477:
3476:cite magazine
3471:
3467:
3464:
3461:
3458:
3454:
3448:
3444:
3441:
3438:
3435:
3431:
3425:
3421:
3418:
3415:
3412:
3408:
3402:
3398:
3395:
3392:
3389:
3385:
3379:
3375:
3372:
3369:
3366:
3360:
3356:
3351:
3350:
3347:
3343:
3340:
3337:
3334:
3328:
3324:
3319:
3318:
3315:
3311:
3308:
3305:
3302:
3298:
3292:
3288:
3285:
3282:
3279:
3275:
3269:
3265:
3262:
3259:
3256:
3252:
3246:
3242:
3239:
3236:
3233:
3229:
3223:
3219:
3216:
3213:
3210:
3206:
3205:cite AV media
3200:
3196:
3193:
3190:
3187:
3183:
3177:
3173:
3170:
3167:
3164:
3160:
3154:
3137:
3108:
3107:§ Identifiers
3104:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3053:
3050:
3045:
3041:
3029:
3012:
3008:
3007:
3002:
3001:
2996:
2985:
2984:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2958:City, Country
2955:
2951:
2947:
2938:City, Country
2933:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2914:
2910:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2892:
2881:
2873:
2865:
2857:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2842:
2837:
2836:Apple Records
2833:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2820:</ref: -->
2815:
2795:
2792:
2791:
2786:
2782:
2767:
2766:
2760:
2758:
2751:
2744:
2737:
2736:cite magazine
2730:
2723:
2716:
2709:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2670:
2661:|lang=Russian
2650:
2645:
2641:
2640:
2628:
2627:cite AV media
2621:
2614:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2593:
2590:
2587:
2584:
2581:
2579:uk: Ukrainian
2578:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2566:
2563:
2560:
2557:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2539:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2519:mni: Manipuri
2518:
2516:mn: Mongolian
2515:
2513:ml: Malayalam
2512:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2441:bg: Bulgarian
2440:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2429:ab: Abkhazian
2428:
2427:
2425:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2365:
2362:
2356:
2355:trans-chapter
2353:
2343:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2328:right-to-left
2325:
2322:
2316:
2313:
2306:
2303:
2293:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2278:right-to-left
2275:
2272:
2263:
2261:
2256:
2252:
2246:
2238:
2230:
2222:
2221:cite magazine
2214:
2206:
2198:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2182:
2173:
2168:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2135:
2132:
2127:
2126:
2125:
2114:
2113:use dmy dates
2109:
2108:
2107:
2095:
2091:
2079:
2075:
2069:
2062:
2052:
2048:
2042:
2038:
2032:
2025:
2009:
2001:
1991:
1973:
1972:use mdy dates
1965:
1964:use dmy dates
1954:|access-date=
1947:
1943:
1934:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1855:
1841:
1833:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1818:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1777:
1765:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1736:
1732:
1729:
1723:
1722:use mdy dates
1715:
1714:use dmy dates
1704:
1702:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1686:
1674:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1657:
1646:
1643:
1637:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1614:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1599:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1590:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1546:
1540:
1539:disambiguator
1536:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1523:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1505:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1480:
1453:
1421:
1419:
1410:
1407:|editor-link=
1399:|editor-last=
1387:|editor-link=
1383:
1360:|editor-last=
1351:
1337:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1320:. Do not use
1306:
1295:
1286:
1285:
1284:
1277:
1273:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1264:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1248:
1242:
1241:
1240:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1213:|author-link=
1185:|author-link=
1181:
1179:
1170:
1168:
1130:|author-first
1114:|author-last=
1106:
1101:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1092:
1052:
1045:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1006:
996:
983:
981:
963:
959:
951:
948:
945:
942:
939:
936:
931:
924:
921:
918:
916:
914:
911:
908:
903:
896:
893:
891:
889:
887:
885:
882:
877:
870:
867:
865:
863:
861:
859:
856:
851:
844:
841:
838:
836:
834:
832:
829:
824:
817:
814:
812:
810:
808:
806:
803:
798:
791:
788:
785:
783:
781:
779:
776:
771:
764:
761:
758:
756:
754:
752:
749:
744:
737:
734:
732:
730:
728:
726:
724:
720:
715:
708:
705:
703:
701:
699:
697:
694:
689:
682:
678:
675:
672:
669:
666:
663:
658:
651:
648:
646:
644:
642:
640:
637:
632:
625:
622:
620:
618:
616:
614:
611:
606:
599:
596:
593:
591:
589:
587:
584:
579:
578:Cite magazine
572:
568:
565:
562:
559:
556:
553:
548:
541:
538:
536:
534:
532:
530:
527:
522:
515:
512:
509:
507:
505:
503:
500:
495:
488:
485:
482:
480:
478:
476:
473:
468:
461:
458:
455:
453:
451:
449:
446:
441:
434:
430:
427:
424:
421:
418:
415:
410:
403:
400:
398:
396:
394:
392:
389:
384:
377:
373:
370:
368:
366:
364:
361:
356:
355:Cite AV media
349:
346:
344:
342:
340:
338:
335:
332:
327:
320:
317:
312:
307:
302:
297:
287:
276:
272:
267:
263:
260:
244:
241:
238:
235:
232:
228:
227:
226:
223:
221:
211:
209:
208:
203:
202:
197:
191:
186:
184:
179:
177:
173:
169:
163:
161:
156:
154:
149:
146:
142:
138:
129:
125:
122:
118:
117:
109:
105:
102:
95:
94:
82:
78:
75:
71:
70:
67:
62:
57:
53:
47:
45:
39:
32:
31:
19:
18:Knowledge:CS1
9544:
9539:
9531:
9437:Visual files
9427:Transclusion
9362:Calculations
9225:Find sources
9175:
9135:How-to pages
8924:to Knowledge
8922:Contributing
8780:
8775:
8768:
8763:
8756:
8753:Noticeboards
8751:
8744:
8739:
8732:
8727:
8711:
8705:
8703:
8585:Cite podcast
8574:Cite episode
8519:Cite medRxiv
8497:Cite bioRxiv
8293:Cite journal
8203:
7910:
7878:Find sources
7760:
7754:
7732:
7726:
7720:
7710:
7705:
7701:
7694:
7690:
7678:
7674:
7670:
7666:
7662:
7658:
7652:
7650:
7645:
7635:
7628:
7605::wiktionary:
7594::wikisource:
7581:
7560:(similar to
7530:
7497:do not show.
7329:VisualEditor
7322:
7319:TemplateData
7305:
7304:
7248:
7247:
7191:
7190:
7162:
7150:
7103:|title-link=
6989:|quote-page=
6855:|interviewer
6833:|contributor
6811:The various
6771:
6753:
6742:
6739:|postscript=
6735:|postscript=
6624:
6615:
6606:
6602:
6598:
6589:
6573:subject-mask
6542:
6517:
6385:
6384:
6378:
6366:
6335:
6332:script-quote
6331:
6326:script-quote
6325:
6322:Romanization
6317:
6314:script-quote
6313:
6277:
6250:
6219:
6183:
6117:|hdl-access=
6105:|doi-access=
6055:subscription
6051:registration
6043:
6023:
5967:
5884:subscription
5866:registration
5861:|url-access=
5793:
5780:WP:URLACCESS
5761:
5750:subscription
5728:registration
5692:
5681:
5642:
5634:|title-link=
5625:
5623:
5607:|title-link=
5603:|title-link=
5592:cite journal
5586:
5570:
5528:
5522:
5521:. Aliases:
5492:
5491:. Aliases:
5474:
5473:. Aliases:
5450:
5443:
5442:. Aliases:
5425:
5424:. Aliases:
5407:
5375:: Date that
5366:
5365:. Aliases:
5336:
5335:. Aliases:
5318:
5317:. Aliases:
5315:|ol=7030731M
5311:Open Library
5300:
5299:. Aliases:
5275:
5274:. Aliases:
5257:
5256:. Aliases:
5231:
5230:. Aliases:
5213:
5212:. Aliases:
5185:
5178:
5177:. Aliases:
5152:
5148:
5120:
5096:
5056:
5055:. Aliases:
5032:
5025:
5024:. Aliases:
4983:
4976:
4808:
4807:. Aliases:
4782:
4745:
4732:|url-status=
4709:
4697:
4683:
4676:the original
4670:
4646:
4640:
4637:archive-date
4636:
4630:
4626:
4615:Web archives
4607:
4599:
4594:
4590:
4586:
4582:
4578:
4567:
4478:
4435:
4420:
4408:
4406:
4390:
4380:
4370:
4358:
4356:
4353:Link formats
4346:WP:BOOKLINKS
4330:
4315:
4306:Main pages:
4272:
4254:|url-access=
4249:
4243:
4237:
4199:
4195:
4178:|volume=I–IV
4169:
4151:
4140:
4114:
4067:|quote-page=
4058:
4014:|quote-page=
4005:
3988:|at=Column 2
3979:
3971:
3933:
3917:
3907:
3861:
3859:
3632:cite podcast
3453:cite journal
3407:cite episode
3251:cite bioRxiv
3109:). Example:
3087:Google Books
3073:. See also
3057:
3051:
3038:|publisher1=
3004:
2998:
2994:
2981:
2980:is actually
2977:
2973:
2970:MOS:POSTABBR
2925:
2886:|publisher=]
2878:|publisher=]
2875:|newspaper=]
2867:|newspaper=]
2827:
2788:
2784:
2756:
2755:(aliased to
2750:cite journal
2742:
2741:(aliased to
2728:
2727:(aliased to
2714:
2700:
2682:
2653:|language=ru
2619:
2605:
2570:ti: Tigrinya
2486:ka: Georgian
2483:ja: Japanese
2480:hy: Armenian
2471:gu: Gujarati
2459:dz: Dzongkha
2423:
2412:|script-<
2360:
2354:
2335:
2331:
2323:
2314:
2304:
2286:script-title
2285:
2284:. Titles in
2282:script-title
2281:
2274:script-title
2273:
2262:, Knowledge
2245:cite podcast
2213:cite journal
2190:
2169:
2158:
2147:. Retrieved
2145:. 2017-10-31
2142:
2119:
2104:
1941:
1940:
1923:
1623:
1591:
1581:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1519:
1515:
1508:
1503:
1488:
1454:
1427:
1411:
1384:
1357:
1350:parameters.
1338:
1307:
1296:
1292:
1282:
1275:
1262:
1255:
1238:
1231:
1189:|author-link
1182:
1171:
1122:|author-last
1111:
1104:
1058:
1050:
1043:
1027:
1020:With author:
1015:
1012:
1005:cite journal
989:
977:
962:
714:Cite podcast
547:Cite journal
494:Cite episode
258:
224:
219:
217:
205:
199:
193:
188:
181:
175:
172:style guides
165:
160:WP:CITESTYLE
157:
140:
136:
135:
103:
44:how-to guide
41:
9471:Departments
9447:Directories
9397:Magic words
9382:Hidden text
9352:Wiki markup
9181:Cite errors
9085:Discussions
9065:Biographies
9030:(live chat)
8777:Directories
8596:Cite serial
8468:web sources
8447:Cite thesis
8419:Cite speech
8391:Cite report
8048:Cite errors
7636:<id: -->
7629:<id: -->
7582:<id: -->
7185:Main page:
6877:|translator
6762:MOS:FOREIGN
6745:is defined.
6561:editor-mask
6549:author-mask
6420:ID created
6354:trans-quote
6282:= {'YYYY'},
6247:10.xxxx/...
6200:|citeseerx=
6141:|ol-access=
6066:Identifier
6007:2021-04-15
5932:|entry-url=
5812:|entry-url=
5788:Main page:
5584:parameter.
5355:|pmc=345678
5286:OCLC Number
5107:Format ISBN
4753:|pmc=345678
4742:Identifiers
4641:archivedate
4627:archive-url
4600:access-date
4595:access-date
4579:access-date
4573:Access date
4479:If URLs in
4296:|format=PDF
4291:|format=PDF
4287:|format=PDF
4244:chapter-url
4184:. The form
4059:quote-pages
3948:. The form
3928:by mistake.
3816:cite thesis
3747:cite speech
3701:cite serial
3678:cite report
3329:(as a book)
3034:|location1=
2904:|publisher=
2594:zh: Chinese
2588:yi: Yiddish
2552:sr: Serbian
2549:si: Sinhala
2543:ru: Russian
2537:pa: Punjabi
2525:my: Burmese
2522:mr: Marathi
2501:ku: Kurdish
2495:kn: Kannada
2465:fa: Persian
2453:ce: Chechen
2450:bs: Bosnian
2447:bo: Tibetan
2444:bn: Bengali
2432:am: Amharic
2402:|
2339:one of the
2305:trans-title
2289:one of the
2020:|cs1-dates=
2006:Definition
1996:|cs1-dates=
1994:Acceptable
1931:|year=1997b
1802:–
1772:|orig-date=
1701:Consistency
1424:Translators
1334:reliability
1297:When using
902:Cite thesis
850:Cite speech
797:Cite serial
770:Cite report
316:SnipManager
255:General use
168:house style
9560:Categories
9496:Guidelines
9367:Characters
9311:Talk pages
9260:Logging in
9254:link color
9208:Minor edit
9161:Categories
9115:References
8972:Style-tips
8892:Navigation
8831:Disclaimer
8814:Principles
8765:Cheatsheet
8704:Visit the
8608:Categories
8486:Cite arXiv
8286:interviews
8154:Deprecated
7746:References
7598:Wiktionary
7586:Wikisource
7578::wikidata:
7419:URI scheme
7212:RefToolbar
7206:user guide
7138:|veditors=
7126:|vauthors=
6794:Parameter
6733:– leaving
6723:postscript
6543:postscript
6371:using the
6320:to hold a
5992:url-access
5790:WP:CONLINK
5666:to append
5509:; example
5469:; example
5438:; example
5420:; example
5331:; example
5295:; example
5272:|mr=630583
5270:; example
4767:identifier
4684:url-status
4631:archiveurl
4608:accessdate
4497:Character
4438:URI scheme
4087:|no-pp=yes
4038:|no-pp=yes
4006:quote-page
3899:overrides
3182:cite arXiv
3148:|page(s)=
2920:locations.
2883:|journal=]
2832:Apple Inc.
2695:WP:CITEHOW
2576:ug: Uyghur
2561:te: Telugu
2546:sd: Sindhi
2540:ps: Pashto
2528:ne: Nepali
2504:ky: Kyrgyz
2498:ko: Korean
2489:kk: Kazakh
2474:he: Hebrew
2456:dv: Divehi
2435:ar: Arabic
2394:]
2386:[
2367:Character
2268:Small Caps
2255:title case
2181:template.
2149:2017-12-05
1990:template.
1806:
1651:Compliant
1584:|date=n.d.
1574:). Alias:
528:interviews
326:Cite arXiv
274:Sometimes
183:WP:CITEVAR
9422:Templates
9377:Elevation
9357:Barcharts
9315:archiving
9299:Reverting
9287:Passwords
9270:Page name
9245:Infoboxes
9235:Footnotes
9080:Consensus
8945:Etiquette
8902:Searching
8877:Copyright
8718:Q & A
8713:Help desk
8530:Cite SSRN
8405:Cite sign
8349:Cite news
8314:magazines
8223:Cite book
8213:templates
8092:Edit refs
7959:Footnotes
7616::commons:
7403:Web links
7344:|website=
6586:em dashes
6535:|mode=cs2
6527:|mode=cs1
6417:Wikitext
6205:|medrxiv=
6195:|biorxiv=
6078:|bibcode=
5944:|map-url=
5816:|map-url=
5626:identical
5422:|rfc=3143
5406:Aliases:
4947:CiteSeerX
4943:citeseerx
4659:is used,
4639:. Alias:
4629:. Alias:
4532:Encoding
4454:gopher://
4421:like so:
4275:extension
3770:cite ssrn
3724:cite sign
3586:cite news
3531:(as book)
3274:cite book
3142:|volume=
3139:Template
3133:|page(s)=
3046:publisher
3000:The Times
2964:, versus
2828:publisher
2814:Cite book
2799:|chapter=
2778:Salon.com
2729:newspaper
2722:cite news
2585:uz: Uzbek
2573:tt: Tatar
2564:tg: Tajik
2558:ta: Tamil
2492:km: Khmer
2477:hi: Hindi
2462:el: Greek
2251:converted
2205:cite news
2172:Nota bene
1998:keywords
1848:Supports
1755:Era style
1624:CS1 uses
1548:orig-date
1042:"Title".
995:cite book
823:Cite sign
670:Sometimes
657:Cite news
409:Cite book
336:preprints
289:Template
250:Templates
148:templates
128:testcases
66:Shortcuts
56:consensus
9506:Policies
9491:Glossary
9463:Contents
9407:Sections
9282:Redirect
9032:tutorial
8907:Students
8882:Glossary
8707:Teahouse
8461:Cite web
8426:speeches
8335:Cite map
8211:General
8125:Refstart
7926:Bluebook
7845:Medicine
7713:|series=
7689:. While
7554:Wikidata
7505:See also
7449:instead.
7437:A pipe (
7360:Shortcut
7224:Reflinks
7147:Printing
6960:|volume=
6951:|number=
6866:|subject
5976:cite web
5772:Shortcut
5673:instead.
5582:-access=
5290:WorldCat
5102:Use the
4815:asin-tld
4749:|rfc=822
4703:Archived
4446:https://
4279:PDF icon
4212:|number=
4156:|series=
3912:|page=52
3839:cite web
3557:cite map
3525:cite map
3159:citation
3145:|issue=
3125:|volume=
3095:Paperity
2946:Canadian
2926:location
2913:WorldCat
2808:|series=
2805:|volume=
2743:magazine
2708:cite web
2678:espagnol
2644:language
2637:Language
2582:ur: Urdu
2567:th: Thai
2531:or: Odia
2375:newline
2311:if used.
2264:does not
2229:cite web
2003:Keyword
1874:limited
1784:limited
1654:Comment
1648:Section
1588:|date=nd
1576:origyear
1340:|author=
1322:|author=
1310:|author=
1299:|author=
1089:|first1=
1081:|first3=
1073:|first2=
930:Cite web
857:speeches
631:Cite map
204:and the
74:HELP:CS1
9372:Columns
9265:Merging
9250:Linking
9213:toolbar
9203:Editing
9193:Convert
8809:Purpose
8710:or the
8114:Refref2
7719:, like
7609:Commons
7491:|pages=
7481:|last2=
7477:|last1=
7399:|title=
7397:If the
7251:scripts
7218:ProveIt
7091:|title=
7085:|title=
7055:|pages=
6993:|pages=
6973:|pages=
6938:|issue=
6902:|eissn=
6844:|editor
6803:|author
6757:et alii
6651:|author
6641:reflist
6377:CITEREF
6363:Anchors
6190:|arxiv=
6172:|s2cid=
6124:|jstor=
6069:Access
6047:limited
5875:limited
5847:Access
5754:paywall
5739:limited
5561:=((<
5536:|eissn=
5171:en dash
5145:Hyphens
5018:en dash
4917:bioRxiv
4913:biorxiv
4903:bibcode
4899:bibcode
4466:mailto:
4462:ircs://
4442:http://
4221:en dash
4208:|issue=
4174:en dash
4141:edition
4085:unless
4075:|pages=
4063:|quote=
4036:unless
4026:|pages=
4010:|quote=
3938:en dash
3897:|pages=
3889:|pages=
3869:|pages=
3129:|issue=
3069:, e.g.
3042:printer
3009:). Per
2928:(alias
2851:|work=]
2802:|title=
2774:|work=]
2757:journal
2715:website
2649:ISO 639
2507:lo: Lao
2348:العربية
2315:chapter
2298:العربية
2143:Example
1980:keyword
1883:Decades
1870:Seasons
1840:floruit
1535:CITEREF
1452:, etc.
1382:, etc.
1354:Editors
1344:|author
1278:. 2007.
1209:|first=
1197:|author
1163:|first=
1150:-first=
1146:|author
1138:|author
1085:|last1=
1077:|last3=
1069:|last2=
1065:|first=
1055:Authors
723:podcast
311:ProveIt
9481:Essays
9417:Tables
9412:Sounds
9341:Coding
9120:Tables
9095:Images
8720:forum.
8454:theses
8103:Refref
7931:Comics
7673:, and
7634::VIAF:
7607:) and
7601::wikt:
7570:prefix
7568:. The
7487:|page=
7473:|last=
7284:harvnb
7236:Zotero
7230:reFill
7198:Citoid
7043:- and
6981:|page=
6920:|issn=
6911:|isbn=
6797:Notes
6750:et al.
6655:-mask=
6484:harvid
6479:using
6401:harvid
6276:under
6160:|ssrn=
6148:|osti=
5818:, and
5671:122967
5546:, and
5544:|issn=
5540:|isbn=
5393:PubMed
5167:hyphen
5014:hyphen
4783:eprint
4734:, see
4500:space
4458:irc://
4450:ftp://
4426:|page=
4250:format
4200:number
4170:volume
4152:series
4102:hyphen
4045:hyphen
4022:|page=
3885:|page=
3867:Extra
3097:, and
3085:, and
2954:Bombay
2950:Mumbai
2898:about
2776:, not
2620:medium
2378:space
2241:, and
1950:|date=
1793:Ranges
1768:|date=
1677:etc.);
1489:others
1483:Others
1207:- and
1205:|last=
1201:-link=
1159:|last=
1152:(with
1142:-last=
1061:|last=
909:theses
296:Citoid
81:WP:CS1
9521:Tools
9511:Tasks
9392:Lists
9230:Files
9110:Lists
9105:Links
9100:Leads
8872:Books
8230:books
8137:Tools
7588:uses
7522:Notes
7385:|url=
7242:Citer
7181:Tools
6987:, or
6929:|sbn=
6889:|doi=
6781:value
6743:quote
6630:-link
6629:: -->
6621:-link
6620:: -->
6612:-mask
6611:: -->
6595:-mask
6594:: -->
6477:|ref=
6414:Kind
6387:|ref=
6336:quote
6318:quote
6310:quote
6304:Quote
6253:. If
6215:|rfc=
6210:|pmc=
6112:|hdl=
6100:|doi=
6053:, or
6012:title
5856:|url=
5796:|url=
5630:|url=
5599:|url=
5581:: -->
5579:param
5577:|<
5565:: -->
5563:value
5560:: -->
5558:param
5556:|<
5548:|sbn=
5532:|doi=
5493:S2CID
5481:s2cid
5455:below
5451:valid
5232:JSTOR
5224:JSTOR
5220:jstor
5190:below
5186:valid
5125:below
5121:valid
5075:(See
5037:below
5033:valid
5026:EISSN
5006:eissn
4988:below
4984:valid
4764:arXiv
4760:arxiv
4720:|url=
4661:|url=
4512:: -->
4509:<
4470:news:
4403:Pages
4196:issue
4123:, or
3972:Note:
3934:pages
3918:Note:
3117:Pages
3099:JSTOR
2940:, or
2909:whois
2622:, in
2416:: -->
2414:param
2309:|url=
2191:title
1982:: -->
1832:circa
1500:Dates
1167:below
416:books
334:arXiv
214:Style
190:page.
9516:Tips
9486:FAQs
9387:HTML
9198:Diff
9028:IRC
8729:FAQs
8342:maps
7765:ISBN
7624:VIAF
7614:(or
7603:(or
7592:(or
7576:(or
7562::en:
7495:|at=
7425:vs.
7109:none
7095:none
7068:|pp=
7059:|pp=
7057:and
7048:harv
7023:and
6999:and
6997:|pp=
6813:name
6659:name
6627:name
6625:<
6618:name
6616:<
6609:name
6607:<
6592:name
6590:<
6523:mode
6504:harv
6468:harv
6444:harv
6136:|ol=
6088:free
6002:date
5844:URL
5831:and
5825:free
5709:free
5650:: A
5601:and
5587:For
5517:use
5475:SSRN
5463:ssrn
5408:PMID
5389:pmid
5361:pmid
5337:OSTI
5325:osti
5301:OCLC
5282:oclc
5258:LCCN
5238:lccn
5179:ISSN
5159:issn
5153:ISMN
5133:ismn
5097:ISBN
5079:and
5063:isbn
4953:for
4935:for
4923:for
4809:ASIN
4801:isbn
4797:asin
4789:asin
4722:and
4663:and
4562:%7D
4474:IPv6
4468:and
4444:and
4391:or:
4381:or:
4310:and
4079:|at=
4057:OR:
4030:|at=
3984:|at=
3908:page
3901:|at=
3893:|at=
3891:and
3878:help
3873:|at=
3854:Yes
3831:Yes
3808:Yes
3785:Yes
3693:Yes
3670:Yes
3601:Yes
3578:Yes
3546:Yes
3491:Yes
3468:Yes
3445:Yes
3399:Yes
3376:Yes
3344:Yes
3312:Yes
3289:Yes
3266:Yes
3243:Yes
3197:Yes
3174:Yes
2787:for
2701:work
2683:lang
2606:type
2600:Type
2165:|df=
2161:|df=
1944:and
1825:yes
1797:yes
1705:yes
1693:yes
1664:yes
1572:year
1570:(or
1568:date
1556:year
1554:(or
1552:date
1524:both
1520:date
1516:year
1514:or:
1509:date
1471:and
1448:and
1440:and
1432:and
1401:and
1378:and
1370:and
1362:and
1332:and
1161:and
1144:and
1128:and
1116:and
1087:and
1079:and
1071:and
1063:and
1044:Work
1028:Work
952:Yes
679:Yes
638:maps
569:Yes
431:Yes
374:Yes
292:Use
265:Yes
229:Use
220:cite
9546:(?)
9450:(?)
9432:URL
9344:(?)
9143:(?)
9137:and
9052:(?)
9000:(?)
8927:(?)
8867:FAQ
8859:(?)
8796:(?)
8782:(?)
8770:(?)
8758:(?)
8746:(?)
8734:(?)
7685:or
7632:),
7612::c:
7596:),
7590::s:
7574::d:
7493:or
7475:or
7383:If
7279:or
7274:sfn
7265:or
7117:pmc
7113:doi
7061:.)
7038:sfn
7028:ran
6985:|p=
6222:pmc
5982:url
5690:.
5668:NCJ
5621:).
5613:or
5523:ZBL
5499:zbl
5444:SBN
5432:sbn
5426:RFC
5414:rfc
5402:pmc
5381:pmc
5377:pmc
5367:PMC
5343:pmc
5252:or
5248:or
5214:JFM
5198:jfm
5149:any
5092:any
5088:sbn
5057:HDL
5045:hdl
4977:DOI
4973:10.
4961:doi
4927:or
4751:or
4714:or
4587:url
4583:url
4559:%7C
4556:%7B
4553:%5D
4550:%5B
4547:%3E
4544:%3C
4541:%27
4538:%22
4535:%20
4489:%20
4238:url
4210:or
4119:sfn
4083:pp.
4077:or
4069:or
4028:or
4016:or
3998:or
3994:or
3990:or
3871:or
3862:one
3851:Yes
3828:Yes
3822:Yes
3805:Yes
3799:Yes
3782:Yes
3762:No
3739:No
3716:No
3690:Yes
3684:Yes
3667:Yes
3647:No
3624:No
3598:Yes
3595:Yes
3592:Yes
3575:Yes
3572:Yes
3569:Yes
3543:Yes
3537:Yes
3514:No
3488:Yes
3485:Yes
3482:Yes
3465:Yes
3462:Yes
3459:Yes
3442:Yes
3439:Yes
3436:Yes
3422:No
3416:Yes
3396:Yes
3390:Yes
3373:Yes
3370:Yes
3367:Yes
3341:Yes
3309:Yes
3286:Yes
3280:Yes
3263:Yes
3240:Yes
3220:No
3211:Yes
3194:Yes
3171:Yes
3168:Yes
3165:Yes
3062:not
3058:via
3030:not
2934:not
2810:in
2745:),
2731:),
2717:),
1968:or
1933:).
1911:no
1899:no
1887:no
1862:no
1850:c.
1836:or
1804:or
1759:no
1749:no
1739:no
1718:or
1673:dts
1586:or
1562:or
1316:or
1195:or
1169:).
1136:or
949:Yes
946:Yes
943:Yes
940:Yes
919:Yes
912:Yes
839:Yes
786:Yes
759:Yes
676:Yes
673:Yes
667:Yes
594:Yes
566:Yes
563:Yes
560:Yes
557:Yes
510:Yes
483:Yes
456:Yes
428:Yes
425:Yes
422:Yes
419:Yes
371:Yes
141:CS1
9562::
8642:}}
8636:{{
8599:}}
8593:{{
8588:}}
8582:{{
8577:}}
8571:{{
8566:}}
8560:{{
8555:}}
8549:{{
8533:}}
8527:{{
8522:}}
8516:{{
8511:}}
8505:{{
8500:}}
8494:{{
8489:}}
8483:{{
8464:}}
8458:{{
8450:}}
8444:{{
8436:}}
8430:{{
8422:}}
8416:{{
8408:}}
8402:{{
8394:}}
8388:{{
8380:}}
8374:{{
8366:}}
8360:{{
8352:}}
8346:{{
8338:}}
8332:{{
8324:}}
8318:{{
8310:}}
8304:{{
8296:}}
8290:{{
8282:}}
8276:{{
8268:}}
8262:{{
8254:}}
8248:{{
8240:}}
8234:{{
8226:}}
8220:{{
8128:}}
8122:{{
8117:}}
8111:{{
8106:}}
8100:{{
8095:}}
8089:{{
7731:,
7725:,
7669:,
7665:,
7539:^
7489:,
7447:}}
7443:{{
7289:).
7287:}}
7281:{{
7277:}}
7271:{{
7115:,
7111:,
7051:}}
7045:{{
7041:}}
7035:{{
7031:}}
7025:{{
7021:}}
7018:rp
7015:{{
7013:,
7011:}}
7005:{{
6995:,
6983:,
6783:))
6779:((
6764:.
6701::
6645:,
6643:}}
6639:{{
6581::
6502:{{
6487:}}
6481:{{
6466:{{
6442:{{
6403:}}
6399:{{
6395:ID
6389:ID
6382:.
6328:.
6228:.
6057:.
6049:,
6019:}}
5973:{{
5814:,
5810:,
5806:,
5802:,
5798:,
5756:")
5719::
5700::
5648:id
5595:}}
5589:{{
5566:))
5542:,
5538:,
5534:,
5501::
5483::
5465::
5446:.
5434::
5416::
5391::
5369:.
5345::
5327::
5319:OL
5309::
5307:ol
5284::
5276:MR
5266::
5264:mr
5240::
5222::
5200::
5181:.
5161::
5143:.
5135::
5110:}}
5104:{{
5099:.
5083:.)
5073:.
5065::
5047::
5028:.
5008::
4979:.
4963::
4945::
4931:;
4915::
4901::
4891:uk
4889:,
4887:tr
4885:,
4883:sg
4881:,
4879:se
4877:,
4875:sa
4873:,
4871:pl
4869:,
4867:nl
4865:,
4863:mx
4861:,
4859:jp
4857:,
4855:it
4853:,
4851:in
4849:,
4847:fr
4845:,
4843:es
4841:,
4839:de
4837:,
4835:cn
4833:,
4831:ca
4829:,
4827:br
4825:,
4823:au
4821:,
4819:ae
4811:.
4791::
4762::
4755:.
4738:.
4701:.
4527:}
4524:|
4521:{
4518:]
4515:[
4506:'
4503:"
4464:,
4460:,
4456:,
4452:,
4440:.
4162:,
4129:}}
4127:rp
4125:{{
4121:}}
4117:{{
4105:}}
4099:{{
4048:}}
4042:{{
4034:p.
4024:,
3980:at
3968:.
3914:.
3895:;
3848:No
3845:No
3841:}}
3837:{{
3825:No
3818:}}
3814:{{
3802:No
3795:}}
3791:{{
3779:No
3776:No
3772:}}
3768:{{
3759:No
3756:No
3753:No
3749:}}
3745:{{
3736:No
3733:No
3730:No
3726:}}
3722:{{
3713:No
3710:No
3707:No
3703:}}
3699:{{
3687:No
3680:}}
3676:{{
3664:No
3661:No
3657:}}
3653:{{
3644:No
3641:No
3638:No
3634:}}
3630:{{
3621:No
3618:No
3615:No
3611:}}
3607:{{
3588:}}
3584:{{
3559:}}
3555:{{
3540:No
3527:}}
3523:{{
3511:No
3508:No
3505:No
3501:}}
3497:{{
3478:}}
3474:{{
3455:}}
3451:{{
3432:}}
3428:{{
3419:No
3413:No
3409:}}
3405:{{
3393:No
3386:}}
3382:{{
3357:}}
3353:{{
3338:No
3335:No
3325:}}
3321:{{
3306:No
3303:No
3299:}}
3295:{{
3283:No
3276:}}
3272:{{
3260:No
3257:No
3253:}}
3249:{{
3237:No
3234:No
3230:}}
3226:{{
3217:No
3214:No
3207:}}
3203:{{
3191:No
3188:No
3184:}}
3180:{{
3161:}}
3157:{{
3131:,
3127:,
3093:,
3081:,
3036:,
2816:}}
2812:{{
2753:}}
2747:{{
2739:}}
2733:{{
2725:}}
2719:{{
2711:}}
2705:{{
2667:.
2663:;
2659:;
2655:;
2630:}}
2624:{{
2616:}}
2610:{{
2399:|
2391:]
2383:[
2247:}}
2243:{{
2239:}}
2235:{{
2233:,
2231:}}
2227:{{
2225:,
2223:}}
2219:{{
2217:,
2215:}}
2211:{{
2209:,
2207:}}
2203:{{
2199:}}
2195:{{
2167:.
2141:.
2111:{{
2098:yy
2072:sy
2065:ss
2045:ly
2035:ls
2028:ll
1974:}}
1970:{{
1966:}}
1962:{{
1956:,
1952:,
1842:}}
1838:{{
1834:}}
1830:{{
1724:}}
1720:{{
1716:}}
1712:{{
1675:}}
1671:{{
1463:,
1444:,
1393:,
1374:,
1336:.
1075:,
1008:}}
1002:{{
998:}}
992:{{
982:.
933:}}
927:{{
905:}}
899:{{
879:}}
873:{{
853:}}
847:{{
826:}}
820:{{
800:}}
794:{{
773:}}
767:{{
746:}}
740:{{
717:}}
711:{{
691:}}
685:{{
660:}}
654:{{
634:}}
628:{{
608:}}
602:{{
581:}}
575:{{
550:}}
544:{{
524:}}
518:{{
497:}}
491:{{
470:}}
464:{{
443:}}
437:{{
412:}}
406:{{
386:}}
380:{{
358:}}
352:{{
329:}}
323:{{
162::
155:.
9322:)
9313:(
9256:)
9252:(
8988:)
8984:(
8837:)
8833:(
8685:e
8678:t
8671:v
8196:e
8189:t
8182:v
7803:e
7796:t
7789:v
7772:.
7737:.
7445:!
7439:|
7431:.
7405:.
7349:.
7253::
7208:.
7008:r
6881:=
6879:n
6870:=
6868:n
6859:=
6857:n
6848:=
6846:n
6837:=
6835:n
6818:n
6807:=
6805:n
6727:.
6695::
6689::
6683::
6677::
6671::
6661:.
6653:n
6603:n
6599:n
6575::
6569::
6563::
6557::
6551::
6545:.
6539:,
6531:.
6288:.
6265:.
6015:=
6009:|
6005:=
5999:|
5995:=
5989:|
5985:=
5979:|
5530:(
5525:.
5495:.
5477:.
5457:.
5428:.
5410:.
5339:.
5321:.
5303:.
5278:.
5260:.
5234:.
5216:.
5192:.
5155:.
5127:.
5059:.
5039:.
4990:.
4785:.
4690::
4643:.
4633:.
4610:.
4348:)
4327:.
4264:.
4002:.
3881:)
3875:(
2152:.
2082:y
2055:s
2012:l
1946:2
1925:(
1844:;
1628:(
1578:.
1495:.
1348:=
1346:n
1258:.
1234:.
1199:n
1193:=
1191:n
1154:n
1148:n
1140:n
1134:=
1132:n
1126:=
1124:n
1107:.
139:(
58:.
46:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
