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410:"When the COVID-19 pandemic broke out and mobility restrictions ensued across the globe, it was unclear whether contributions to Knowledge would decrease in the face of the pandemic, or whether volunteers would withstand the added stress and increase their contributions to accommodate the growing readership uncovered in recent studies. We analyze 223 million edits contributed from 2018 to 2020 across twelve Knowledge language editions and find that Knowledgeâs global volunteer community responded resiliently to the pandemic, substantially increasing both productivity and the number of newcomers who joined the community. For example, contributions to the English Knowledge increased by over 20% compared to the expectation derived from pre-pandemic data."
297:"About 28% of all rule pages are shared across all five language editions. the majority of rules in all five wikis are shared and connected by ILLs, but the rule sets increasingly contain rules that are unique or shared with just one other language edition. Moreover, the proportion of rules connected by ILLs in each wiki has stabilized the presence of community-specific rules is more obvious in the two larger language editions, English and German. Notably, we find that community-specific rules are not the focus of rule-related revision activity in any community, which instead goes towards rules shared across all five language editions."
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calcificationâ (Halfaker et al. 2013), and âentrenchmentâ (Halfaker et al. 2013; TeBlunthuis, Shaw, and Hill 2018)". As these wording choices indicate, these trends have generally been framed as undesirable by various researchers, although a theoretical justification for this is lacking - after all, producing rules and maximizing their change rate is generally not a primary goal of online communities. And while a community with higher hurdles on making and changing rules may be less appealing for contributors who enjoy engaging in these activities, the vast majority of community members who merely follow these rules might prefer stability.
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269:(1) we provide evidence that large, well-established Knowledge language editions follow similar patterns of rule creation and organizational formalization, replicating and extending prior work that focused predominately on English Knowledge; (2) we show that communities with the same goals, technical infrastructures, and similar organizational trajectories develop substantial and sustainable institutional variations; and (3) we highlight the importance of broad, widely-shared rules created early on in communitiesâ histories.
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277:"Rule creation follows similar, but distinct patterns across the wikis in our sample. In general, most rules are created early. For all language editions, years 2â6 see the most rule page creation. Japanese Knowledge is an exception, with 25% of its rules created in its first year (year 0) suggests that Japanese Knowledge boot strapped its core rules from the older English Knowledge, rather than pursuing a divergent rule-making approach."
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meaningfulness; preservation of personal heritage. The external value orientations include: preservation and development of the cultural heritage / language segment; promotion and popularization of
Knowledge (its ideology and principles); low transaction costs and convenience (attractiveness) of the system; affiliation; social identity; improvement peace («Weltverbesserungs Antrieb»); building bridges between cultures and languages."
243:... follow similar patterns in rule-related editing over twenty years, having a rapid initial surge in activity followed by stabilization and a shift towards discussing rules rather than editing them. However, the five Wikipedias also follow distinct trajectories. Further, the language editionsâ rules overlap less over time, producing increasingly differentiated rule sets even as most activity focuses on widely-shared rules.
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330:"In line with Weber, we identify a process of progressive bureaucratization. This does not only result from the pursuit of organizational manageability, but from a quest for democratic equality and minimization of domination as well. We introduce the concept of self-organizing bureaucratization to highlight how bureaucratization is the unintended and emergent outcome of efforts to increase democratic accountability."
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426:"Wikipedians consolidate personal resources to manage comprehensive aggregation of free knowledge. the question of the driving forces of this prosocial behaviour is still open. we conducted a content analysis of a transnational survey. The recipients were 65 authors of multilingual Knowledge segments (83% males and 17% females) with average experience of 9.9 years compilation of encyclopedic articles.
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239:) on the five Wikipedias with the largest active editor numbers: English, French, German, Japanese, and Spanish. Examining "almost 100 years of data aggregated across five communities" (i.e. the revision histories of these rule pages and their associated talk pages, from each project's founding until 2020), the authors find that these
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on all five
Wikipedias, indicating that as the projects grew and matured, more discussion was needed to change rules. It indicates that English and German have reached the lowest ratios (but also having remained mostly flat since around 2012), while French, Japanese and (especially) Spanish retain higher ratios.
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was launched, two years before
Knowledge's founding) until 2017. The analysis is "based on 118 conversations and interviews" with "Wikipedians and board and staff members of both the WMF and local WMF chapters who have played an influential role in Knowledgeâs evolution" and other community members,
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Regarding the edits to existing rules, "The median number of rule-related revisions each year per rule rises initially, peaks around year 5, and then declines in all language editions." A plot of the ratio of revisions on rule pages vs. (rule) talk pages (Figure 2c) shows a general downwards trend
432:
Conclusion. The internal value orientations of
Wikipedians include: self-development (self-improvement, self-assertion, self-realization); reciprocal (mutual) altruism; a tendency to high quality and systematization of knowledge; a pleasure of creation; autonomy; recreation (hobby, entertainment);
251:) note contrasting earlier research results that indicated either that "the self-governing efforts of communities will be similar because they are shaped by shared sociotechnical characteristics" (as earlier research coauthored by Shaw had found in case of some non-Knowledge wikis, see our review:
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The authors note that their findings on "rule-related stabilization alongside formalization of self-governance" are consistent with earlier research on (mainly) English
Knowledge that had characterized these such patterns as "âdiminishing flexibility to change â (Keegan and Fiesler 2017), âpolicy
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approach to translation by analysing documented standards across four
Knowledge language communities and the extent to which 16 experienced translators have assimilated them. The findings suggest that Knowledge guidelines on translation have slight but tangible differences across the communities
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The authors conclude that "an essential amendment to
Michelsâs and Weberâs theories is that these processes are not unilinear or mechanical. Our research rather shows an erratic and, above all, contested process."
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under investigation. Moreover, the interview data showed a tendency among participants to attach more importance to cross-wiki editing policies than to any local translation guidelines."
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Other recent publications that could not be covered in time for this issue include the items listed below. Contributions, whether reviewing or summarizing newly published research,
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The paper's second research question examines "How do the sets of rules become more or less similar over time" across the five different
Wikipedias. The authors rely on
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Results. most cases
Wikipedians find a number of personal significant reasons for participating in the Knowledge, the reasons resonating with their inner essence.
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523:"Assessing the impact of translation guidelines in Knowledge: A praxeological approach to the study of documented standards across four language communities"
373:"Assessing the impact of translation guidelines in Knowledge: A praxeological approach to the study of documented standards across four language communities"
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Ruprechter, Thorsten; Horta
Ribeiro, Manoel; Santos, Tiago; Lemmerich, Florian; Strohmaier, Markus; West, Robert; Helic, Denis (2021-11-02).
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Conference on Web and Social Media (ICWSM 2022) analyzes 780 community rule pages (including the English Knowledge's
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In a literature review, the authors (Sohyeon Hwang and Aaron Shaw from Northwestern University, both members of the
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A monthly overview of recent academic research about Knowledge and other Wikimedia projects, also published as the
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Regarding English Knowledge, the paper extends an earlier analysis by Keegan and Fiesler (see our earlier note:
397:"Edit volume in the English Knowledge increased during COVID-19 mobility restrictions" (figure from the paper)
318:"as well as extensive archival research" and a literature review. On the theory side, the paper draws from
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In their first research question, they examine "patterns of rule-making over time". First, they find that
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305:"Knowledge: a self-organizing bureaucracy", in "an erratic and, above all, contested process"
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English Knowledge still engaged in rule-making, but with "strong shift toward deliberation"
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A century of rulemaking on Knowledge analyzed: And other new research findings.
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Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media
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Rijshouwer, Emiel; Uitermark, Justus; de Koster, Willem (2021-10-28).
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639:"Intercultural analysis of value orientations of Knowledge authors"
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The authors summarize their main contributions as follows:
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Intercultural survey on what motivates Knowledge editors
253:"Iron Law of Oligarchy" (1911) confirmed on Wikia wikis
452:"Rules and Rule-Making in the Five Largest Wikipedias"
227:"Rules and Rule-Making in the Five Largest Wikipedias"
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873:If your comment has not appeared here, you can try
231:This paper presented recently at the International
521:Góngora-Goloubintseff, José Gustavo (2022-02-24).
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676:(in Russian, with English abstract and tables)
68:File:CRAIYON-REALESRGAN-Knowledge research.jpg
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91:A century of rulemaking on Knowledge analyzed
354:for videos and slides of past presentations.
293:to relate corresponding rules, finding that
482:"Knowledge: a self-organizing bureaucracy"
450:Hwang, Sohyeon; Shaw, Aaron (2022-05-31).
753:Eyewitness Wikimedian, Vinnytsia, Ukraine
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883:== Correction in the 3rd quote block ==
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