William Borah - Knowledge

856:). When Roosevelt came to Boise on a campaign swing in October, Borah felt he had to greet the former president and sit on the platform as Roosevelt spoke, though he was unwilling to endorse him. Roosevelt told in his speech of a long list of state delegate votes he said had been stolen from him, and after each, turned to Borah and asked, "Isn't that so, Senator Borah?" giving him no choice but to nod. It is not clear whether Borah voted for Roosevelt or Taft, he later stated both at different times. The main issue in Idaho was Borah's re-election, which was so popular that those disgruntled at the senator for not supporting Taft or Roosevelt kept quiet. Idahoans helped elect Wilson, but sent 80 Republican legislators out of 86 to Boise (with two of the six Democrats pledged to support Borah if necessary), who on January 14, 1913, returned William Borah for a second term. 1433:, that for every justice over the age of seventy, an additional one could be appointed. This would give Roosevelt six picks, but would require Congress to pass legislation, which Borah was immediately opposed, believing it would be the death of the Supreme Court as an independent institution. Although he refused to take the lead in the bipartisan opposition, Borah wrote a section of the committee report dealing with the history and independence of the court. When the matter came to the Senate floor, Borah was asked to make the opening speech, but again deferred to the Democratic majority, and Roosevelt's plan was defeated. The court crisis had also been defused by the retirement of the Senior Associate Justice, 1084:. Borah, delighted, proclaimed the day the greatest since the end of the Civil War. The following January, the Senate considered the treaty again and Lodge wanted to convene a bipartisan group of senators to find a compromise. Borah, threatening party schism, met with Lodge behind closed doors, and Lodge withdrew his plan. The Senate voted once more, in March 1920, on the treaty with a version of the Lodge Reservations, and it failed again. According to Robert James Maddox in his book on Borah's influence on American foreign policy, the Irreconcilables "dictated to the majority leader as though they were the majority. Borah as much as any man deserves the credit—or the blame—for the League's defeat". 33: 1547: 999: 1291: 1694: 5697: 5051: 1057: 833:, providing for the direct election of senators by the people. In 1909, due to Borah's influence, the Idaho Legislature passed an act for a statewide election for US senators, with legislators in theory bound to choose the winner. By 1912 over 30 states had similar laws. Borah promoted the amendment in the Senate in 1911 and 1912 until it passed Congress and, after a year, it was ratified by the states. With the power to elect senators having passed to the people, according to McKenna, the popular Borah "secured for himself a life option on a seat in the Senate". 4557: 1366: 720:, an explosives expert and assassin. Many labor leaders were embittered against Steunenberg for his actions while in office, and Orchard implicated four of them. The three who could be found, including Haywood, were extradited from Colorado to Idaho in February 1906. As the legal challenges wound through the courts, the case became a campaign issue both for Gooding, who had signed the extradition warrant, and for Borah, who joined the prosecution team and stated that trying the case was more important to him than being sent to the Senate. 5249: 807:, hoped to put pressure on him through the Westerner's corporate clients, only to find that he had given up those representations before coming to Washington. Borah became one of a growing number of progressive Republicans in the Senate. Yet, Borah often opposed liberal legislation, finding fault with it or fearing it would increase the power of the federal government. Throughout his years in the Senate, in which he would serve until his death in 1940, his idiosyncratic positions would limit his effectiveness as a reformer. 1217:, he offered the vice presidential nomination to Borah. By one account, when Coolidge asked Borah to join the ticket, the senator asked which position on it he was to occupy. The prospect of Borah as vice president appalled Coolidge's cabinet members and other Republican officials, and they were relieved when he refused. Borah spent less than a thousand dollars on his Senate re-election campaign that fall, and gained a fourth term with just under 80 percent of the vote. Coolidge and his vice-presidential choice, 654:, a mining lawyer from the northern part of the state. When the legislature met in early 1903, Borah led on early caucus ballots, but then the other candidates withdrew and backed Heyburn; he was chosen by the caucus, and then by the legislature. There were many rumors of corruption in the choice of Heyburn, and Borah determined that the defeat would not end his political career. He decided to seek the seat of Senator Dubois (by then a Democrat) when it was filled by the legislature in early 1907. 1690:. Further, he represented the struggle to preserve in full the traditions of a small republic remote from strong neighbors against the inroads of recurring crises faced by a world power." According to LeRoy Ashby in his book on Borah, he "emerged as one of the major figures in American reform politics reached the peak of his prestige and influence during the Twenties". Maddox noted that "almost as suspicious of U.S. presidents as he was of foreign nations, Borah perceived threats everywhere". 822:, described the new law as the best tariff the country had ever had. Borah and other progressives had proposed an income tax to be attached to the tariff bill; when this was unacceptable to Taft, who feared the Supreme Court would strike it down again, Borah repackaged it as a constitutional amendment, which passed the Senate unanimously and then the House, and to the surprise of many, passed the requisite number of state legislatures by 1913 to become the 791:. The soldiers were accused of having shot up a Texas town near their military camp. Borah said that their alleged actions were as wrongful as the murder of Steunenberg. The accusations were later re-investigated. The government concluded that the soldiers had been accused because of racist officials in the town and, in 1972, long after the deaths of Roosevelt, Borah, and most of the soldiers, their dishonorable discharges from the military were reversed. 755:

for more time, but Borah wanted the matter disposed of before Congress met in December. Borah refused to challenge the indictment. At the trial, his counsel allowed Ruick free rein; the judge commented on Ruick's inability to tie Borah to any offense. The defense case consisted almost entirely of Borah's testimony, and the jury quickly acquitted him, setting off wild celebrations in Boise. Roosevelt dismissed Ruick as US Attorney in 1908.

977:, and pressing Wilson for statements of limited war aims. Borah's term was to expire in 1919; never a wealthy person and hard-hit by the high cost of living in wartime Washington, he considered leaving the Senate and practicing law in a major New York firm. However, he felt needed in the Senate and in Idaho, as both of the state's seats would be up for election in November 1918 due to the death of Borah's junior colleague, 593:

it without severe injury. Borah took the jury to the train line and demonstrated how Corcoran could have acted. He drew on his skills as a teenage rail rider to ride the top of the train, and jump from it to the platform without injury. Corcoran was convicted, but his death sentence was commuted. He was pardoned in 1901, after Steunenberg left office. Borah gained wide acclaim for his dramatic prosecution of the case.

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in his view, the U.S. was going in to defend its own rights and had no common interest with the Allies beyond the defeat of the Central Powers. He repeated this often through the war: the United States sought no territory, and had no interest in French and British desires for territory and colonies. Borah, though a strong war supporter, was possibly the most prominent wartime advocate of progressive views, opposing

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his kindliness, his human sympathy ... In him they found release from their own verbal inhibitions; through him they felt their own strength. They were lovers of freedom, as independent as the hills and the canyons. This freedom and independence Borah proclaimed, and they understood ... He understood them, admired them, believed in them. They were his friends. In them he found inspiration and strength.

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showed that Borah had, likely, the most support among the people, but the choice of senator was generally dictated by the caucus of the majority party in the legislature. In the 1902 election, Republicans retook control, electing a governor of their party, as well as the state's only House member and a large majority in the legislature. Three other Republicans were seeking the Senate seat, including

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stated that the U.S. might be forced to send thousands of men if there was conflict in Armenia. Other provisions were examined; Borah proposed that the U.S. representatives in Paris be asked to press the issue of Irish independence, but the Senate took no action. Borah found the provisions of the treaty regarding Germany to be shocking in their vindictiveness, and feared they might snuff out the new

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urged him to do so, as he felt that each nation had the right to run its own affairs. Borah opposed large-scale immigration by Jews from Germany, feeling that was "impractical with millions of Americans unemployed". By 1938, Borah was speaking out against the continued persecutions, but still felt that the European issue could be settled if Germany's former colonies were returned. After the

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to risk a compromise of its faith and a coarsening of its character by active entanglement with the Old World." John Chalmers Vinson, in his volume on Borah's involvement with the war outlawry movement, believed that the senator "spoke for a large part of the American public. He was the archetype of absolute insistence on unfettered national will that has been loosely described as

1394:), leading some to believe Borah might cross party lines and support Roosevelt. Ultimately, as he had four years earlier, he chose to endorse neither candidate. Borah was on the ballot that fall in Idaho, seeking a sixth term in the Senate. For the first time since the people had been given the right to elect senators, the Democrats ran a serious candidate against him, Governor 925:

the party could lead its ranks. Borah stated he lacked the money to run. He did work behind the scenes to find a candidate that would reunite the Republicans and holdout Progressives: a member of a joint committee of the two parties' conventions to seek re-unification, Borah achieved a friendly reception when he addressed the Progressive convention. The Republicans nominated

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accused of murder for shooting a Chinese immigrant in the back. Borah gained an unasked-for dismissal when the judge decided that killing a Chinese male was at worst manslaughter. Borah prospered in Boise, both in law and in politics. In 1892 he served as chair of the Republican State Central Committee. He served as political secretary to Governor

331: 1248:, that he deemed entangling the U.S. abroad. By the time of the 1924 election, Levinson was frustrated with Borah, but Coolidge's statement after the election that outlawry was one of the issues he proposed to address, briefly resurrected Borah's enthusiasm. only to have it fall away again. It was not until 1927, when French Foreign Minister 1306:, sharply increasing rates on imports. Borah was one of 12 Republicans who joined Democrats in opposing the bill, which passed the Senate 44–42. Borah was up for election in 1930, and despite a minimal campaign effort, took over 70 percent of the vote in a bad year for Republicans. When he returned to Washington for the 404:. He quickly rose in the law and in state politics, and after a failed run for the House of Representatives in 1896 and one for the United States Senate in 1903, was elected to the Senate in 1907. Before he took his seat in December of that year, he was involved in two prominent legal cases. One, the murder conspiracy trial of 845:. Borah was Idaho's Republican National Committeeman and was one of those designated by the Roosevelt campaign to fight for it on the RNC. As Taft controlled the committee, Borah found few victories. Borah was among those who tried to find a compromise candidate, and was spoken of for that role, but all such efforts failed. 1213:, remained in office, backed by the Old Guard. Coolidge sought the support of Borah in the crisis; his price was Daugherty's firing. The president stalled Borah, and when Daugherty eventually resigned under pressure, it was due more to events than Borah. When the president was nominated for election in his own right at the 695:, whereby Borah would be nominated for Senate and Gooding for re-election and on August 1, 1906, both men received the state convention's endorsement by acclamation. Dubois was the Democratic choice, and Borah campaigned in support of President Roosevelt, argued that Republicans had brought the nation prosperity, and urged 1114:

pledged to support the amendment, and on June 4, the Senate voted again, with the House having previously voted to approve the amendment. It passed with a margin of two votes, and was sent to the states for ratification (which was completed in August 1920), but Borah again voted no, one of only eight Republicans to do so.

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Borah's biographer, McKenna, deemed him "an idealist, even a romantic. He fervently defended the idea of an innocent America, an America too much devoted to the principles stated in the Declaration of Independence, Washington's Farewell Address, Jefferson's First Inaugural, and the Gettysburg Address

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on international problems and policy is held by the Borah Foundation, which operates under the university's auspices. The symposium is intended to honor Borah's memory "by considering the causes of war and the conditions necessary for peace in an international context". The inaugural edition was held

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over Prohibition; after the party passed a vague compromise plank and renominated Hoover, Borah made a major address on June 20, gaining nationwide attention by attacking his party's platform for forty minutes. Between then and November, he rarely mentioned Hoover's name publicly, though he said late

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Although Darrow won the day, gaining an acquittal for Haywood, the trial transformed Borah from an obscure freshman senator into a national figure. But Borah still had to face a jury on the land fraud charge, which he did in September 1907, a trial held then at Roosevelt's insistence—Ruick had asked

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for Idaho, Norman M. Ruick, had expanded the grand jury from 12 members to 22 before he could get a majority vote to indict Borah (by a 12–10 margin). The indictment was perceived to be political, with Ruick acting on behalf of Idaho Republicans who had lost state party leadership to the new senator.

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The Idaho people knew ... that he was very easy to approach, "as plain as an old shoe"; that he would listen at length to their problems, help if he could, say "No" if he must, and always show sympathetic understanding. That was his strength with the people—his simplicity, his approachability,

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McKenna saw more than Borah becoming an antique in his own time, she saw damage inflicted by his positions: "time was to demonstrate the utter bankruptcy of the narrow nationalistic policy which the irreconcilables decreed and to which the Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover administrations submitted with

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Borah sought to visit Germany and see Hitler, hoping to settle the troubled international situation. He approached the German Embassy in Washington through intermediaries, and the Germans approved the trip, and even offered to pay, something Borah was unwilling to accept. Borah realized that such a

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in person, taking no Republican members of Congress on his delegation. Wilson had felt his statement was the only chance of getting a Senate that might ratify a treaty for a postwar organization to keep the peace, and deemed conciliation pointless. In Paris, Wilson and other leaders negotiated what

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ideals, and linked them with a policy of isolationism and avoiding foreign entanglements he believed had served the nation well. Borah took pains, throughout the battle, to stress that he had opposed the principle of a league before it became a partisan issue; according to McKenna, in Borah's League

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by the Germans and by infringements against Americans by British forces. Borah was spoken of as a possible candidate for president in 1916, but gained little support: the Old Guard disliked him almost as much as they did Roosevelt, while others questioned whether a man so free from the discipline of

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at Boise. Dubois had advanced politically through anti-Mormonism in the 1880s, but the issue was more or less dead in Idaho by 1904. Woolley was confirmed by the U.S. Senate despite Dubois's opposition, and Rufus G. Cook, in his article on the affair, suggested that Dubois was baited into acting by

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Idaho, a mining state, was fraught with labor tensions, and related violence was common by both employers and workers. In 1899, there was a strike, and a large group of miners dynamited facilities belonging to a mining company that refused to recognize the union. They had hijacked a train to travel

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in Germany in 1933, Borah thought well of the new chancellor's repudiation of the war guilt and other clauses of the Versailles treaty, and saw much of value in his new social and economic programs. Despite the Nazi mistreatment of the Jews, Borah did not speak out against Nazi Germany, though many

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Harding's death in August 1923 brought Calvin Coolidge to the White House. Borah had been dismayed by Harding's conservative views, and believed Coolidge had shown liberal tendencies as a governor. He met with Coolidge multiple times in late 1923, and found the new president interested in his ideas

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of 1921–22 came from a resolution he introduced in December 1920. After the new Secretary of State, Charles Hughes, took the idea, Borah became an opponent, convinced the conference would lead the United States into the League of Nations through the back door. In 1921, when Harding nominated former

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Activists determined to pressure Borah with petitions from his constituents, and former president Roosevelt sent him a note urging him to change his vote. This had no effect, and when the Senate voted on the amendment in early October 1918, it failed by two votes, with Borah voting in the negative.

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proposed amendment when it came up for a vote in 1914, and it did not pass. Activists felt that as a noted progressive, and as one who would face the voters for the first time as a senator in 1918, that he could be persuaded to support the amendment, and if not, unseated. When what would become the

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that no insult was intended. In the following months, Borah was a leader of the Irreconcilables. An especial target was Article X of the charter, obligating all members to defend each other's independence. The Irreconcilables argued that this would commit the U.S. to war without its consent; Borah

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in early 1917, many considered U.S. entry into the war inevitable, though Borah expressed hope it might still be avoided. Nevertheless, he supported Wilson on legislation to arm merchant ships, and voted in favor when the president requested a declaration of war in April 1917. He made it clear that

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on July 8, 1899. Prosecution witnesses testified to having seen Corcoran sitting on top of the train, rifle in hand, and later leaping to the platform. The defense contended that, given the sharp curves and rough roadbed of the rail line, no one could have sat on top of the train, nor jumped from

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After Darrow gained a second acquittal, for George Pettibone, the charges against the third defendant, Charles Moyer, were dropped. Orchard was tried and convicted; his sentence was reduced from death to life imprisonment because he had turned state's evidence; he died in prison in 1954 at age 88.

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had made worse. If the U.S. did so, the local population would have to be subjugated or incorporated into the American political structure, neither of which he deemed possible. Believing that nations should be left unmolested by greater powers, Borah decried American interference in Latin American

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Republican leaders had heard that Borah was an attorney for corporations, who had prosecuted labor leaders; they believed him sympathetic to their Old Guard positions and assigned him to important committees. Borah believed in the rights of unions, so long as they did not commit violent acts. When

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While the Haywood defendants awaited trial, Borah and others were indicted in federal court for land fraud, having to do with the acquisition by the Barber Lumber Company (for which Borah had been counsel) of title to timber land claims. Individuals had filed for the claims, and then sold them to

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Borah's legal practice had made him prominent in southern Idaho, and in 1902 he sought election to the Senate. By this time, a united Republican Party was deemed likely to defeat the Democratic/Populist combine that had ruled Idaho for the past six years. The 1902 Idaho state Republican convention

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Idaho had been admitted to the Union earlier in 1890, and Boise, the state capital, was a boom town, where the police and courts were not yet fully effective. Borah's first case was referred to him by the gambler who had advised him on board the train; the young attorney was asked to defend a man

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He ran away from home with an itinerant Shakespearean company, but his father persuaded him to return. In his late teenage years, he became interested in the law, and later stated, "I can't remember when I didn't want to be a lawyer ... there is no other profession where one can be absolutely

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legislation, but opposed other proposals. He ran for the Republican nomination for president in 1936, but party regulars were not inclined to allow a longtime maverick to head the ticket. In his final years, he felt he might be able to settle differences in Europe by meeting with Hitler; though he

1516:, a former Democratic senator, stated "You don't have to agree with every position taken to concede that he was an intellectual giant and one of the truly great men of our times." Ernest K. Lindley deemed Borah the "most effectively liberal voice in the Republican Party." Nazi propaganda minister 1075:

and he delayed the treaty by convening a lengthy series of hearings, presiding over a committee packed with Irreconcilables, including Borah. As these hearings continued in the summer of 1919, Wilson undertook a speaking tour by train to get the public to press the Senate for ratification, a tour

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and had urged formation of a postwar organization to assure peace. Borah, well aware the U.S. would play a large role at the peace table, saw such an organization as a trap that would inevitably involve the U.S. whenever conflict developed in Europe. He decided to oppose Wilson's plan despite his

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Although Borah's career bridged two eras of reform, according to Ashby, "emotionally and intellectually he belonged with the older prewar America. As New Deal enthusiast Edgar Kemler observed, he 'was overtaken by obsolescence at an early age'." Borah wrote in 1927, near the end of a decade of

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commented on "Borah's recent conversion to Hoover", and some progressives were disheartened, Borah undertook a lengthy campaign tour, warning that he saw "the success of Tammany in national politics as nothing less than a national disaster". Hoover was elected and thanked Borah for "the enormous

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Borah ran for the Republican nomination for president in 1936, the first from Idaho to do so. His candidacy was opposed by the conservative Republican leadership. Borah praised Roosevelt for some of his policies, and deeply criticized the Republican Party. With only 25 Republicans left in the

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of the Senate beginning in December, Borah pressed the passage of legislation that would help business and suggested that members of Congress turn back their salary to the Treasury. The economy continued to worsen in the winter of 1931, and Borah urged relief legislation, stating that opponents

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instead, but after Willis collapsed and died at a campaign rally in late March, Borah began to find Hoover more to his liking. The Idahoan's support for Hoover became more solid as the campaign began to shape as a rural/urban divide. Borah was a strong backer of Prohibition, and the fact that

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of Congress that followed the election, Borah issued no public statement as to how he would vote when the amendment was brought up again. In February 1919, the Senate voted again, and Borah voted no—the amendment failed by one vote. Several of the new senators who took office in March 1919 were

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Idaho had given women the right to vote in 1896, and Borah was a firm supporter of woman's suffrage. However, he did not support a constitutional amendment to accomplish this nationwide, feeling that states should not have the requirement that women vote imposed on them. Borah voted against the

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After World War I began in 1914, it was Borah's view that the U.S. should keep completely out of it and he voted for legislation requested by Wilson barring armament shipments to the belligerents. Borah was disquieted when Wilson permitted credits to Great Britain and France after refusing them

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I saw Idaho dishonored and disgraced. I saw murder—no, not murder, a thousand times worse than murder; I saw anarchy wave its first bloody triumph in Idaho. And as I thought again I said "Thou living God, can the talents or the arts of counsel unteach the lesson of that hour?" No, no. Let us be

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Haywood was tried for conspiracy in the murder of ex-governor Steunenberg, who was assassinated on December 30, 1905, by a bomb planted on the gate at his home in Caldwell. Borah, who viewed Steunenberg as a father figure, was among the prominent Idahoans who hurried to Caldwell, and who viewed

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The small Republican majority in the Senate made Irreconcilable votes necessary to Lodge's strategy, and he met with Borah in April 1919, persuading him to go along with the plan of delay and reservations as the most likely to succeed, as it would allow the initial popular support for Wilson's

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in Chicago selected by primary supported Roosevelt, but as most states held conventions to select delegates, Taft's control of the party machinery gave him the advantage. A number of states, especially in the South, had contested delegate seats, matters which would be initially settled by the

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Borah presented his credentials at the Senate prior to the formal beginning of his first term on March 4, 1907. Until 1933, Congress's regular session began in December, allowing Borah time to participate in two major trials. One of these boosted him to national prominence for his role in the

981:. Even President Wilson urged Borah's re-election in a letter to former senator Dubois. Borah received two-thirds of the vote in his bid for a third term, while former governor Gooding narrowly won Brady's seat. Nationally, the Republicans retook control of the Senate with a 49–47 majority. 641:

and remained loyal to the Silver Republicans. By 1900, Borah deemed the silver issue of minimal importance due to increased gold production and national prosperity,. With other former silverites, he made an unapologetic return to the Republican Party. He made speeches for McKinley, who was

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The Democratic landslide that accompanied Roosevelt's election cost Borah his chairmanship of the Foreign Relations Committee, but much of his influence was independent of party. Borah liked Roosevelt for his liberalism and his energy. Due to illness, Borah took only a limited role in

1175:, which had passed the House. A strong supporter of state sovereignty, he believed that punishing state officials for failure to prevent lynchings was unconstitutional, and that if the states could not prevent such murders, federal legislation would do no good. The bill was defeated by 1233:, created policy by ringing Borah's doorbell. Borah continued to oppose American interventions in Latin America, often splitting from the Republican majority over the matter. Borah was an avid horseback rider, and Coolidge is supposed to have commented after viewing him exercising in 732:

Haywood was the first tried of the three defendants; jury selection began on May 9, 1907, and proceedings in Boise continued for over two months. The courtroom, corridors, and even the lawn outside were often filled. Counsel for the prosecution included Borah and future governor

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The mayor of Lyons appointed Borah as city attorney in 1889, but the young lawyer felt that he was destined for bigger things than a small Kansas town suffering in the hard times that persisted on the prairie in the late 1880s and early 1890s. Following the advice attributed to

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proposed the U.S. and his nation enter into an agreement to "outlaw war" that Borah became interested again, though it took months of pestering by Levinson. In December 1927, Borah introduced a resolution calling for a multilateral version of Briand's proposal, and once the

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brave, let us be faithful in this supreme test of trial and duty ... But you never had a duty imposed upon you which required more intelligence, more manhood, more courage than that which the people of Idaho assign to you this night in the final discharge of your duty.

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Although Borah was not a good student, at an early age he began to love oratory and the written word. Borah was educated at Tom's Prairie School, near Fairfield. When Borah exhausted its rudimentary resources, his father sent him in 1881 to Southern Illinois Academy, a

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met in Chicago in June, delegates faced a deadlock both as to who should head the ticket, and as to the contents of the League plank of the party platform. The League fight was decided, with Borah's endorsement, by using language proposed by former Secretary of State

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led the defense team. A highlight of the trial was Borah's cross-examination of Haywood, who denied personal animus against Steunenberg and any connection with the death. Another was Borah's final argument for the prosecution in rebuttal to Darrow on July 25 and 26.

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Borah's effectiveness as a reformer was undercut by his tendency to abandon causes after initial enthusiasm, as Maddox put it, "although he was very skilled at speaking out, his unwillingness to do more than protest eventually earned him a reputation for futility."

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Borah campaigned to end the caucus's role in selecting the Republican nominee for Senate, arguing that it should be decided by the people, in a convention. He drafted a resolution based on the one passed by the 1858 Illinois Republican convention that had endorsed

1465:'s Washington Bureau Chief. Hutchinson indicated that Borah confided this "in words that ran like a prayer". McKenna noted, "It was fortuitous that the march of events prevented Borah from joining those pacifists and liberals ... who trudged up the hill to 984:

That the war would not last long beyond the election was clear in the final days of the 1918 congressional midterm election campaign, which was fought in part to decide which party would control the postwar peace process. Wilson hoped for a treaty based on the

1340:. When some Idahoans demanded that he support Hoover on pain of being opposed for renomination for Senate in 1936, Borah responded that he regretted if his quarter century in the Senate had left them with the impression he might be moved by such an ultimatum. 1171:

president Taft as chief justice, Borah was one of four senators to oppose confirmation. Borah stated that Taft, at 63, was too old and as a politician had been absent for decades from the practice of law. In 1922 and 1923, Borah spoke against passage of the

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wrote, most likely after the 1928 campaign, that progressives in the Senate, with no illusions left about Borah, called him "our spearless leader". Theodore Roosevelt described Borah as "entirely insincere", an insurgent whose chief talent was to "insurge".

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marched on Washington, Borah and Hoover agreed that no action should be taken on their demands so long as the ex-soldiers remained in the capital. Borah considered their presence intimidating to Congress, but was angered when they were forcibly dispersed.

1159:, his colleague on the Foreign Relations Committee, as he was disappointed at the failure of Johnson's candidacy and disliked Harding's vague stance on the League. Nevertheless, Borah strongly endorsed Harding and his running mate, Massachusetts Governor 1043:

A week after Wilson presented the treaty, Borah declined an invitation to the White House extended to him and other Senate and House members on the foreign relations committees, alleging there was no chance of common ground, though he wrote to Wilson's

514:; her husband, Ansel M. Lasley, was an attorney. Borah initially worked as a teacher, but became so engrossed in historical topics at the town library that he was ill-prepared for class; he and the school parted ways. In 1885 Borah enrolled at the 1756:

Borah was described by a biographer of his as an "individualist who opposed all concentration of all economic power, political or economic. He was against private privilege and private monopoly, political bureaucracy, and centralized government."

909:, must pledge elections in which Huerta would not run before being recognized. Although Borah disliked Huerta as too close to the pre-revolutionary leadership, he felt that Mexicans should decide who ran Mexico, and argued against Wilson's plan. 1179:

in the Senate by Southern Democrats. When another bill (Costigan–Wagner Bill) was introduced in 1935 and 1938, Borah continued to speak against it, by that time saying that it was no longer needed, as the number of lynchings had dropped sharply.

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in September 1931, and included Borah himself. Also affiliated with the university is the William Edgar Borah Outlawry of War Foundation, which was funded by a donation from Borah's colleague in the outlawry movement, Salmon Levinson, in 1929.

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journey would compromise him in foreign policy debates, and did not go; by August 1939, the U.S. was seeking to evacuate its citizens from Europe and the journey was no longer feasible. in September 1939, after Germany invaded Poland, and

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In 1913 and early 1914, Borah clashed with Wilson and his Secretary of State, Bryan, over Latin American policy. Borah believed that there was an ongoing temptation for the U.S. to expand into Latin America, which the construction of the

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Republicans in Idaho opposed him and they were determined to defeat Borah in his second bid for the Senate. The same year, Dubois damaged his prospects for a third term by his opposition to the appointment of H. Smith Woolley, a member of

1571:. They first met in Moscow while he was campaigning for her father. They had no children and she lived in Washington, D.C., into the 1960s; she died in 1976 at the age of 105. Small and elegant, she was commonly known as "Little Borah". 1374:

Senate, Borah saw an opportunity to recast the Republican Party along progressive lines, as he had long sought to do. He was opposed by the Republican organization, which sought to dilute his strength in the primaries by running state

633:

fusion candidate, he had little chance of winning. He concentrated on making speeches aimed at gaining a legislature that would re-elect Dubois—until 1913, state legislatures chose senators. Bryan, Dubois, and Borah were all defeated.

1352:

in June 1933, helping forge a compromise that ended the opponents' filibuster. He opposed Roosevelt's calling in of gold, alleging that the government had no power to tell individuals what to do with their money. Borah opposed the

1079:

Borah helped write the majority report for the committee, recommending 45 amendments and 4 reservations. In November 1919, the Senate defeated both versions of the Treaty of Versailles, with and without what were called the

1731:

such disastrous results." Borah's comment regretting that he could not have talked to Hitler has been repeatedly cited as evidence of naiveté in those who believe in the power of pure diplomacy. Conservative commentator

1023:

like Borah, who would not support any organization, to those who strongly favored one; none wanted Wilson to go into the 1920 presidential election with credit for having sorted out Europe. Once the general terms of the

642:

re-elected. Bryan, however, took Idaho's electoral votes for a second time. Dubois, though nominally remaining a Silver Republican, gained control of the state Democratic Party, and was returned to the US Senate by the

1530:, called him "a righteous man who was wise and unafraid, who followed his star, never lowered his flag, and never lost his self-respect ... an honest man who dedicated his talents to his country's good." Columnist 951:. If the Savior of mankind would revisit the earth and declare for a league ... I would be opposed to it. That is my position and it is not a question of personality. It is a question of policy for my government. 929:, and Progressive leaders reluctantly backed him, but some former Roosevelt supporters refused to support Hughes. Borah campaigned for the Republican presidential candidate (something he would do only once more, for 774:

When Borah went to Washington for the Senate's regular session in December 1907, he was immediately a figure of note, not only for the dramatic events in Idaho but for keeping his Western habits, including wearing a

1330:

Borah considered challenging Hoover for renomination in 1932, but concluded the president's control over the party machinery, especially in the South, could not be overcome. Borah disagreed with the platform of the

1746:

Criticism of Borah meant little to the people of Idaho, who sent him to the Senate six times over thirty years in a rapidly changing America. Claudius O. Johnson, who studied Borah, explained their relationship:

1735:

referred to the statement in at least three of his columns, making an analogy to negotiating with China in 1989, with North Korea in 1994 and with Iran in 2006, and it was cited disparagingly in a 2006 speech by

1224:

Senator Lodge died in November 1924, making Borah the senior member of the Foreign Relations Committee, and he took its chairmanship. He could have become Judiciary Committee chairman instead, as the death of

1726:

magazine noted that though Borah was the most famous senator of the century, and had long been "the great Moral Force of the Senate ... the conscience of the country has been placed in other pockets".

1097:

passed the House, Borah announced his opposition, writing to an Idahoan, "I am aware… will lead to much criticism among friends at home I would rather give up the office cast a vote…I do not believe in."

1578:, the eldest child of Theodore Roosevelt. He was the biological father of her daughter, Paulina Longworth Sturm (1925–1957). One family friend said of Paulina, "everybody called her 'Aurora Borah Alice. 1382:. Despite being easily the leading primary vote-getter, Borah managed to win only a handful of delegates and took a majority of them in only one state, Wisconsin, where he had the endorsement of Senator 1421:

Only sixteen Republicans remained in the Senate, most progressives, when Congress met in January 1937, but Borah retained much influence as he was liked and respected by Democrats. Many of Roosevelt's

1205:

and Borah had long urged relations. Under pressure from the Old Guard, Coolidge quickly walked back his proposal, depressing Borah, who concluded the president had deceived him. In early 1924, the

6228: 1357:(NRA) and was gratified when it was struck down by the Supreme Court in 1935. Borah's fifteen-year fight for the recognition of the USSR ended in 1933 when Roosevelt opened diplomatic relations. 5092: 4333: 4221: 869:

The Republicans both lost the presidency with Wilson's inauguration and went into the minority in the Senate. In the reshuffle of committee assignments that followed, Borah was given a seat on

588:

declared martial law and had more than one thousand miners arrested. Paul Corcoran, secretary of the union, was charged with murder. Borah was engaged as a prosecutor in a trial that began at

3514: 836:

Borah opposed Taft over a number of issues and in March 1912 announced his support of the candidacy of Roosevelt over Taft for the Republican presidential nomination. Most delegates to the

6223: 6218: 6213: 1229:

of Connecticut made Borah senior Republican on that committee as well. The Foreign Relations chairmanship greatly increased his influence, one quip was that the new Secretary of State,

852:, but the Idahoan refused. Borah would not countenance leaving the Republican Party and did not support any of the presidential candidates (the Democrats nominated New Jersey Governor 5728: 1675:

I would sooner lose in a right cause than win in a wrong cause. As long as I can distinguish between right and wrong, I shall do what I believe to be right—whatever the consequences.

3411:

National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: William Edgar Borah Apartment, Number 21, Windsor Lodge / William Edgar Borah Apartment, Number 21, Chancellery Cooperative

408:, gained Borah fame though Haywood was found not guilty and the other, a prosecution of Borah for land fraud, made him appear a victim of political malice even before his acquittal. 679:

Borah and his supporters. The result was that Borah attacked Dubois for anti-Mormonism in both 1904 and 1906, which played well in the heavily Mormon counties in southeast Idaho.

4277: 2639: 1429:

during Roosevelt's first term, but he had no opportunities to make an appointment to the court in his first four years. In 1937, Roosevelt proposed what came to be known as the

1526:, asserted, "American life loses a personality valued by friend or foe on account of his courage, honesty, and decent method of fighting." Borah's old classmate, Kansas editor 6233: 1437:, a Taft appointee. When Borah was asked if he had played a role in Van Devanter's retirement, he responded, "Well, guess for yourself. We live in the same apartment house." 848:

When it became clear Taft would be renominated, Roosevelt and his supporters bolted the party; the former president asked Borah to chair the organizational meeting of his new

1019:, an international organization that world leaders hoped that through diplomacy, and if necessary, force, would assure peace. Republican senatorial opinion ranged from the 4684: 1010:

Republicans felt Wilson was making a political issue of the peace, especially when the president urged a Democratic Congress prior to the 1918 election, and attended the

6203: 4468: 1449:

in September 1938, Borah issued a statement far more critical of Britain and France for deceiving Czechoslovakia into dismemberment, than of Germany for her aggression.

1298:

Borah was not personally harmed by the stock market crash of October 1929, having sold any stocks and invested in government bonds. Thousands of Americans had borrowed

495:, who would represent the state of Washington; the two often debated as schoolboys. Instead of becoming a preacher, Borah was in 1882 expelled for hitching rides on the 1786: 1789:. Borah later published his address as a pamphlet, taking the opportunity to polish and expand the prose, and biographers have often relied on the later version. See 1336:

in the campaign that he would vote for the president. He made speeches discussing issues, not candidates, and did nothing to aid Hoover's doomed campaign against

1345: 830: 5721: 1122:

Borah was determined to see that the Republican presidential candidate in 1920 was not pro-League. He supported his fellow Irreconcilable, California Senator

1094: 6127: 4305: 4249: 823: 4028: 1265:

Borah hoped to be elected president in 1928, but his only chance was a deadlocked Republican convention. He was reluctant to support Secretary of Commerce

1071:

proposal to diminish. Neither senator really liked or trusted the other, but they formed a wary pact to defeat the treaty. Lodge was also chairman of the

4694: 4361: 1407: 870: 92: 6077: 606: 538:

under his brother-in-law Lasley's supervision. Borah passed the bar examination in September 1887, and went into partnership with his brother-in-law.

5714: 1403: 1399: 905:

governments; he and Wilson clashed over policy towards Mexico, then in the throes of revolution. Wilson decided that the Mexican government, led by

4677: 4042: 1126:, who had been Roosevelt's running mate in 1912. Borah alleged bribery on the part of the leading candidate for the Republican nomination, General 783:, but at Roosevelt's request, in April 1908, Borah spoke in defense of the president's dismissal of more than 200 African-American soldiers in the 5082: 4461: 1045: 671: 6106: 2640:"Proceedings of the U.S. Senate on June 13, 2005 regarding the "Senate Apology" as Reported in the 'Congressional Record'", Part 3, Mr. Craig" 1311:

argued "that for the Government to feed this woman and her sick children would destroy her self respect and make a bad citizen of her. Does

355: 5844: 5774: 622: 1838:

Borah did not maintain a home in Idaho after his election to the Senate, staying at a hotel or with friends when he returned to the state.

1155:

discussions as the Republicans attempted to break the deadlock. He was initially unenthusiastic about the eventual nominee, Ohio Senator

699:. Voters re-elected Gooding, and selected a Republican legislature, which in January 1907 retired Dubois by electing Borah to the Senate. 6198: 5468: 4670: 4127: 4123: 4119: 4115: 1151:

League. The presidential stalemate was harder to resolve. A hater both of political intrigue and of tobacco, Borah played no part in the

510:

With his father finally accepting his ambition to be a lawyer rather than a clergyman, Borah in 1883 went to live with his sister Sue in

5060: 6168: 6163: 4454: 2643: 1318:

When Congress reconvened in December 1931, the Republicans nominally controlled the Senate by the tie-breaking vote of Vice President

580:. In 1895 Borah married the governor's daughter, Mary McConnell. They were married until Borah's death, but had no children together. 5434: 4477: 4158: 4100: 1619: 1221:

easily won, though Borah did no campaigning for the Coolidge/Dawes ticket, alleging his re-election bid required his full attention.

1201:

a suggestion that he might open talks with the Soviet Union on trade—the Bolshevik government had not been recognized since the 1917

716:

Steunenberg's shattered body and the bloodstained snow. Suspicion quickly fell on a man registered at a local hotel who proved to be

1322:, but, as Hoover later wrote, there was no real majority as Borah and other progressives were against the administration. After the 892:

to control their regulators; he voted against the bill and stated he would not support confirmation of the first commissioners. The

5746: 5742: 5738: 1245: 1209:

broke, and although Coolidge had no involvement in the affair, some of the implicated cabinet officers, including Attorney General

934: 1287:

effect" of his support. He offered to make Borah Secretary of State, though deploring the loss to the Senate, but Borah declined.

4393: 3535: 1430: 849: 456: 880:

of 1913 (believing it was a handout to the rich), after gaining a concession that no banker would initially be appointed to the

629:. Borah ran for the House of Representatives that year, but knew that with the silver vote split between himself and a Democrat- 6188: 6088: 5478: 3470: 4760: 4005: 3969: 3933: 3739: 3309: 3287: 2752: 2600: 5696: 5050: 4076: 1274:

Hoover was another "dry" influenced Borah in his support; the senator disliked the Democratic candidate, New York Governor

896:, Borah opined, was merely a means by which Congress could appear to be dealing with the trusts without actually doing so. 2015:"The Caldwell tribune. [volume] (Caldwell, Idaho Territory [Idaho]) 1883-1928, February 20, 1892, Image 4" 6132: 5839: 5769: 5198: 5075: 4325: 1482: 1391: 1332: 1214: 1135: 837: 330: 873:. He would occupy it for the next quarter century, becoming one of America's leading figures on international affairs. 6193: 4715: 1737: 1457:

began, Borah mourned, "Lord, if I could only have talked to Hitler—all this might have been averted." This was said to

1072: 796: 764: 431: 366: 876:

Borah generally approved of many of Wilson's proposals, but found reasons to vote against them. He voted against the

729:

Roosevelt took a wait-and-see attitude, upsetting Borah, who considered resigning his Senate seat even if exonerated.

4109: 3280: 2049:"The Caldwell tribune. [volume] (Caldwell, Idaho Territory [Idaho]) 1883-1928, May 14, 1892, Image 5" 1595: 970: 630: 444: 4662: 2533: 6059: 5826: 5756: 5443: 4428: 4096: 479:, and moved west with the frontier. The young William E. Borah was the seventh of ten children, and the third son. 227: 134: 3832: 3677: 6238: 5498: 4800: 4556: 5108: 5068: 4855: 4611: 4506: 4203: 4187: 4134: 1722:

tumultuous change, "I cannot think of any views which I now have that I did not have before the war." In 1936,

84: 6173: 5706: 5612: 5427: 842: 2551: 2048: 2014: 3325: 3254: 3235: 3216: 3161: 3092: 3073: 3055: 1490: 1011: 918: 3180: 3142: 998: 6030: 5930: 5811: 5090: 4072: 3834:

News Articles on the Life and Works of Honorable William E. Borah, Late a Senator from the State of Idaho

3343: 3036: 1903: 1858: 1167: 965: 562:. His biographer, Marian C. McKenna, said that Boise was "as far west as his pocketbook would take him". 2616: 1290: 1166:

Borah proved as idiosyncratic as ever in his views with Harding as president. The original idea for the

6183: 6001: 3198: 1713:

in 1925 deemed Borah "the Great Sham", and the one most responsible for stopping reform in its tracks.

1623: 1565: 1462: 1383: 476: 32: 1546: 5458: 4755: 4750: 3843:

Johnson, Claudius O. (June 1943). "When William E. Borah Was Defeated for the United States Senate".

3827: 1575: 1458: 1102:

More petitions and pressure on Borah followed, and the senator agreed to meet with suffragist leader

913:

loans, as the credits served the same purpose, furthering the war. He was vigilant in support of the

666: 467:. His parents were farmers Elizabeth (West) and William Nathan Borah. Borah was distantly related to 277: 1130:, and was snubbed when he demanded to know the League views of Wood's main rival, Illinois Governor 5420: 4785: 4023: 1076:

that ended in his collapse. In the months that followed, an ailing Wilson refused any compromise.

885: 815: 804: 696: 638: 1693: 1257:

was negotiated and signed by various nations, secured ratification for that treaty by the Senate.

1028:, which included the Charter of the League of Nations, were presented by Wilson in February 1919, 534:

in early 1887. He had to return to Lyons, where his sister nursed him to health, and he began to

1804: 1615: 1303: 1294:

Hoover (seated) with senators and cabinet officers, 1930. Borah stands directly behind his chair.

1254: 1172: 484: 239: 2744: 2738: 491:, to train for the ministry. The 63 students there included two future U.S. senators, Borah and 6178: 5934: 4790: 4167: 3427: 1630: 1498: 1033: 725: 651: 610: 551: 464: 6098: 5792: 3409: 3361: 1697: 1642: 1591: 1486: 1441: 1354: 1337: 974: 893: 881: 584:

to destroy the company's plant. Someone in the mob shot and killed a strikebreaker. Governor

440: 358: 1829:

Although Wilson had been elected twice, there was no constitutional barrier to a third term.

550:

and grow up with the country. In October 1890, uncertain of his destination, he boarded the

530:. Borah was working his way through college, but his plans were scuttled when he contracted 6158: 6153: 6048: 5454: 5313: 5295: 5183: 4955: 4775: 4571: 4287: 4213: 4142: 3770:

Cook, Rufus G. (October 1969). "The Political Suicide of Senator Fred T. Dubois of Idaho".

2537: 1568: 1513: 1315:

believe it? It is a cowardly imputation on the helpless. I resent it and I repudiate it."

1025: 926: 884:. Borah believed monopolies, public and private, should be broken up, and believed the new 577: 515: 397: 378: 300: 44: 3749:

Braden, Waldo W. (June 1947). "Some Illinois Influences on the Life of William E. Borah".

1163:, who were victorious. Borah later stated he would have left the Senate had Harding lost. 8: 6208: 5943: 5627: 5513: 5118: 4406: 1732: 1657: 1527: 1494: 1478: 1434: 1379: 1365: 1240:

Borah was involved through the 1920s in efforts for the outlawry of war. Chicago lawyer

1206: 877: 811: 523: 492: 460: 412: 382: 202: 1506: 829:

Borah also had a hand in the other constitutional amendment to be ratified in 1913, the

5577: 5557: 5537: 5280: 5208: 4795: 4511: 4343: 4241: 3910: 3881: 3860: 3815: 3779: 3758: 3729: 3273:

Alice: Alice Roosevelt Longworth, From White House Princess to Washington Power Broker.

2624: 2556: 1607: 1535: 1426: 1349: 1202: 1198: 1081: 784: 779:. It was customary then for junior senators to wait perhaps a year before giving their 662: 547: 468: 416: 411:

In the Senate, Borah became one of the progressive insurgents who challenged President

3445: 1803:

Haywood was convicted of espionage for his opposition to World War I by federal Judge

1056: 5972: 5911: 5800: 5646: 5632: 5587: 5582: 5552: 5547: 5133: 4950: 4930: 4905: 4900: 4890: 4845: 4780: 4692: 4591: 4586: 4531: 4353: 4315: 4269: 4195: 4171: 4001: 3984: 3965: 3948: 3929: 3923: 3735: 3365: 3305: 3283: 3276: 2748: 2596: 2056: 2022: 1637: 1611: 1446: 1307: 1197:

on policies foreign and domestic. Borah was encouraged when Coolidge included in his

1156: 1152: 1110: 1037: 1029: 1016: 948: 906: 819: 788: 712:, and the other, with Borah as the defendant, placed him at risk of going to prison. 643: 618: 585: 488: 434:

when the Democrats took control of the Senate in 1933, Borah agreed with some of the

386: 115: 5412: 4446: 724:

the Barber Company, although they had sworn that the claims were for their own use.

6019: 5990: 5617: 5607: 5572: 5542: 5503: 5488: 5290: 5270: 5248: 5233: 5218: 5173: 5138: 5113: 4970: 4945: 4920: 4895: 4885: 4880: 4840: 4835: 4606: 4536: 4438: 4259: 4183: 4051:– The West: "The Lion of Idaho" ... William E. Borah, More Than a "Little American" 3902: 3852: 3807: 1633: 1230: 1218: 889: 787:

in Texas. The cause of their innocence had been pressed by the fiery Ohio senator,

709: 658: 626: 519: 496: 405: 362: 169: 4055:

A Lion Among the Liberals: William Edgar Borah and the rise of New Deal Liberalism

1237:

that it "must bother the Senator to be going in the same direction as his horse".

1036:, decided on a strategy: rather than outright opposition, Republicans would offer 427:

in 1928, something he rarely did for presidential candidates and never did again.

5982: 5891: 5661: 5656: 5567: 5493: 5473: 5463: 5391: 5328: 5275: 5238: 5163: 5153: 5143: 4940: 4875: 4830: 4805: 4745: 4735: 4710: 4646: 4491: 4386: 4297: 4068: 3682: 2936: 1740: 1714: 1531: 1517: 1283: 1270: 1249: 1241: 1234: 1226: 1210: 1188: 1160: 1050: 1020: 986: 914: 738: 734: 688: 684: 555: 500: 471:, the Catholic nun who left her convent in the 16th century and married reformer 439:

did not go, this has not enhanced his historical reputation. Borah died in 1940;

420: 374: 3407: 2593:

Chief Executive to Chief Justice: Taft Betwixt the White House and Supreme Court

1897: 1477:

Midway through his sixth term on January 19, 1940, Borah died in his sleep of a

5886: 5686: 5666: 5651: 5642: 5532: 5401: 5285: 5265: 5223: 5148: 5128: 5123: 4980: 4865: 4850: 4820: 4815: 4810: 4770: 4740: 4626: 4621: 4601: 4596: 4581: 4526: 4521: 4516: 4179: 4175: 4054: 3998:

The Senator and the Sharecropper's Son: Exoneration of the Brownsville Soldiers

1369:

Few states had presidential primaries in 1936. Those won by Borah are in green.

1319: 1266: 978: 930: 853: 800: 776: 589: 543: 424: 5736: 3872:

Johnson, Claudius O. (January 1953). "William E. Borah: The People's Choice".

810:

After Roosevelt's hand-picked successor as president, former Secretary of War

6147: 6069: 6040: 6011: 5961: 5681: 5676: 5592: 5527: 5483: 5213: 5178: 5168: 5158: 5005: 4975: 4960: 4825: 4730: 4720: 4705: 4631: 4616: 4231: 4191: 3731:

The Spearless Leader: Senator Borah and the Progressive Movement in the 1920s

3673: 2060: 2026: 1774: 1710: 1561: 1466: 1410:, Borah still took over sixty percent of their votes in his re-election bid. 1123: 1003: 995:

fight, "of partisanship, jealousy, or personal hostility there is no trace".

780: 717: 692: 617:, which Bryan advocated, was extremely popular in Idaho. Borah thus became a 558:. On the advice of a gambler on board the train, Borah decided to settle in 511: 472: 4048: 1807:, jumping bail to Russia during the appeal and dying in 1928 in Moscow. See 5953: 5896: 5637: 5522: 5517: 5508: 5396: 5361: 5351: 5333: 5035: 5020: 4965: 4935: 4925: 4870: 4860: 4636: 4063: 1701: 1687: 1646: 1599: 1454: 1375: 1279: 1131: 1127: 901: 675: 559: 531: 527: 370: 369:

who served from 1907 until his death in 1940, Borah is often considered an

4059: 4036: 3988: 3952: 3408:

Cathy A. Alexander; Ralph Christian & George R. Adams (January 1976),

400:

and became a lawyer in that state before seeking greater opportunities in

5906: 5671: 5622: 5562: 5381: 5366: 5356: 5323: 5318: 4995: 4985: 4915: 4641: 4576: 4541: 4496: 4371: 4151: 1522: 1493:

on Monday, January 22. A second funeral was held three days later at the

1395: 991: 990:

personal admiration for the president. Like many Westerners, Borah held

614: 602: 535: 127: 72: 3885: 3783: 3762: 1606:, at 12,662 feet (3,859 m) was named for him in 1934, while he was 5901: 5870: 5862: 5597: 5386: 5371: 5228: 5193: 5093:

United States Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions

5040: 5025: 5015: 4765: 4725: 4651: 4421: 3914: 3864: 3819: 1603: 1387: 1323: 1183: 1176: 1140: 1103: 814:, was inaugurated in March 1909, Congress battled over what became the 295: 157: 1501:

for six hours prior to the service. An estimated 23,000 passed by the

5376: 5030: 5010: 5000: 4990: 4546: 3205:. Spokane, Washington. Associated Press. January 16, 1976. p. 7. 1661: 1629:

Borah was the subject of a 1963 episode, "The Lion of Idaho", of the

1534:

mourned, "there are no fighters on the progressive side —no men like

1509:

was just over 26,100. He is buried in Morris Hill Cemetery in Boise.

1299: 423:

offered to make Borah his running mate in 1924. Borah campaigned for

3906: 3856: 3811: 3491: 1820:

The Seventeenth Amendment did not go into force until later in 1913.

522:; he studied alongside students who would become prominent, such as 3475: 1422: 1275: 674:(many Idahoans adhered to that faith), as assayer-in-charge of the 435: 393: 3386: 3344:"Named for Solon: Idaho's Highest Mountain be Called "Borah Peak"" 1302:, and were ruined by the crash. Congress in June 1930 passed the 665:

for a full term as president, which was widely applauded. But the

3893:

Maddox, Robert James (March 1967). "Keeping Cool with Coolidge".

3798:

Grover, David H. (February 1963). "Borah and the Haywood Trial".

2642:. African American Studies, University of Buffalo. Archived from 1386:

Borah refused to endorse the eventual candidate, Kansas Governor

6229:

American lawyers admitted to the practice of law by reading law

2248: 1650: 1413: 1402:

overwhelmingly voted for Roosevelt, who won every state except

625:

of the Republican presidential candidate, former Ohio governor

475:. His Borah ancestors came to America in about 1760, fought in 940: 691:. He made a deal with a potential Republican rival, Governor 415:'s policies, though Borah refused to support former president 4104: 1865:. Washington. Associated Press. November 23, 1957. p. 7. 1360: 401: 49: 3962:

Promise and Peril : America at the Dawn of a Global Age

2595:. Lawrence KS: University Press of Kansas. pp. 170–71. 2013:

Humanities, National Endowment for the (February 20, 1892).

1278:, an opponent of Prohibition, considering him a creature of 3790:

DeBenedetti, Charles. "Borah and the Kellogg-Briand Pact."

3542:. (Idaho). Associated Press. September 25, 1931. p. 1. 3236:""Little Borah" is popular confidant of many ex-serviceman" 2487: 2485: 1502: 661:

in 1904, Borah made a speech in support of the election of

6224:

Candidates in the 1936 United States presidential election

6219:

Candidates in the 1920 United States presidential election

6214:

Candidates in the 1916 United States presidential election

5929: 4000:. College Station, Texas: Texas A&M University Press. 3964:(eBook ed.). Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press. 3838:. Washington DC: United States Government Printing Office. 3471:

Death Valley Days > Season 11, Episode 17 Lion of Idaho

2906: 2803:

Charles DeBenedetti, "Borah and the Kellogg-Briand Pact."

2134: 518:, and rented an inexpensive room in a professor's home in 2785: 2773: 2694: 2670: 2658: 2338: 2299: 1614:

in Boise, opened in 1958, and Borah Elementary School in

443:, presented by the state of Idaho in 1947, stands in the 354:(June 29, 1865 – January 19, 1940) was an outspoken 3332:. Washington. Associated Press. June 6, 1947. p. 1. 3223:. Idaho. Associated Press. January 16, 1976. p. 2A. 3143:"Widow of Sen. Borah nearing 100th birthday anniversary" 2509: 2482: 2470: 2434: 2398: 2362: 2316: 2314: 2277: 2275: 2238: 2236: 1622:, his longtime home in Washington was designated a U.S. 1469:

to lay before the Fuehrer their plans for world peace".

917:

of the United States, and was outraged both by the 1915

3697: 3606: 3429:

Accompanying three photos, exterior, from 1975 and 1978

3080:. Idaho. Associated Press. January 23, 1940. p. 1. 3007: 3005: 2966: 2326: 2161: 2098: 2047:

Humanities, National Endowment for the (May 14, 1892).

1641:. In the episode, Borah as a young attorney (played by 1585: 601:

In 1896, Borah joined many Idahoans, including Senator

3043:. Ohio. Associated Press. January 20, 1940. p. 1. 2942: 2918: 2534:"Woman Suffrage Centennial: Part III: The Last Trench" 2260: 799:

positions after his swearing-in, Rhode Island Senator

745:

Borah recalled the night of the ex-governor's murder:

6234:

Chairmen of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations

5442: 4476: 3546: 3112: 3110: 3108: 3106: 2990: 2978: 2882: 2834: 2718: 2682: 2572: 2497: 2458: 2446: 2422: 2386: 2350: 2311: 2272: 2233: 4029:

Biographical Directory of the United States Congress

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United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations

3654: 3558: 2822: 2810: 2761: 2617:"Ex-President Taft Succeeds White as Chief Justice" 2209: 2197: 2185: 1982: 1970: 1946: 1425:policies, such as the NRA, were struck down by the 6204:Republican Party United States senators from Idaho 3947:. Ann Arbor MI: The University of Michigan Press. 3831: 3103: 3017: 2954: 2870: 2858: 2846: 2706: 2410: 2374: 1994: 1896: 1348:, though he did play a key part in the passage of 3928:. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. 3630: 3594: 3582: 3570: 3515:"Famous speakers dedicate Borah peace foundation" 3350:. Associated Press. February 12, 1934. p. 1. 2146: 1931: 1919: 6145: 4278:Senate Justice Department Expenditures Committee 3751:Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society 3255:"Did Sen. Borah father Alice Longworth's child?" 3122: 1958: 1002:Borah (seated at left), Lodge, and California's 3275:New York: Penguin Group, Viking Adult (2007). 2122: 1497:in Boise, where Borah's casket lay beneath the 672:the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 3983:. Athens GA: The University of Georgia Press. 3536:"Borah condemns Japan's invasion of Manchuria" 3486: 3484: 3074:"Leaders grieve at state rites for Sen. Borah" 2939:, by Kevin C. Murphy. Retrieved June 29, 2016. 1512:The tributes to Borah on his death were many. 1481:at age 74 at his home in Washington, D.C. His 385:of which would have made the U.S. part of the 5722: 5428: 5076: 4678: 4462: 3524:. (Moscow). (University of Idaho). p. 1. 2552:"Suffrage Wins in Senate; Now Goes to States" 1417:Borah (seated) holds a press conference, 1935 1117: 605:, in bolting the Republican Party to support 450: 396:to a large farming family. He studied at the 3925:William E. Borah and American Foreign Policy 3191: 1040:to the treaty that Wilson could not accept. 687:for Senate in his unsuccessful race against 3734:. Urbana IL: University of Illinois Press. 3481: 3318: 3084: 941:World War and Versailles treaty (1917–1920) 5729: 5715: 5435: 5421: 5083: 5069: 4685: 4671: 4469: 4455: 4159:United States Senator (Class 2) from Idaho 3168:. Washington. Associated Press. p. 1. 3153: 3093:"Senator Borah rests in mountain's shadow" 3037:"Senator Borah dies; state funeral Monday" 2046: 2012: 1574:Borah had an affair with his close friend 1361:1936 presidential campaign and final years 31: 3401: 3379: 3246: 3047: 1785:As per the trial transcript, held by the 1620:William E. Borah Apartment, Windsor Lodge 1560:In 1895, Borah married Mary McConnell of 147:March 4, 1933 – January 19, 1940 105:December 1, 1924 – March 3, 1933 62:March 4, 1907 – January 19, 1940 5743:1936 United States presidential election 3981:William E. Borah and the Outlawry of War 3871: 3842: 3703: 3506: 3265: 3091:Bottcher, Walter R. (January 26, 1940). 3090: 3029: 2948: 2676: 2528: 2526: 2524: 2344: 2332: 2305: 2140: 2104: 1692: 1610:. Two public schools are named for him: 1590:In 1947, the state of Idaho presented a 1545: 1412: 1364: 1289: 1182: 1055: 997: 430:Deprived of his post as Chairman of the 4069:Newspaper clippings about William Borah 3921: 3892: 3612: 3528: 3336: 3304:. New York, NY: Doubleday. p. 91. 3293: 3209: 2924: 2791: 2779: 2700: 2664: 2515: 2491: 2476: 2464: 2440: 2404: 2368: 1668: 6146: 5343:Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions 3960:Nichols, Christopher McKnight (2011). 3826: 3552: 3512: 3492:"The Borah Foundation & Symposium" 3299: 3252: 3233: 3178: 3172: 3159: 3140: 3134: 3062:. California. United Press. p. 1. 3053: 3011: 2972: 2900: 2736: 2293: 1895:Maddox, Robert James (February 2000). 1894: 1541: 758: 5928: 5710: 5416: 5064: 4666: 4450: 3678:"Why the Nazi Analogy Is on the Rise" 3672: 3227: 3179:La Hay, Wauhillau (August 17, 1965). 3099:. Idaho. Associated Press. p. 1. 2590: 2521: 1890: 1888: 1886: 1884: 1882: 1880: 1878: 1876: 1874: 1872: 1851: 1006:refuse to yield their seats to Peace. 864: 93:Senate Committee on Foreign Relations 4306:Senate Interoceanic Canals Committee 4250:Senate Indian Depredations Committee 4024:"BORAH, William Edgar (id: B000634)" 3513:Martin, Paris (September 25, 1931). 3141:Ulrich, Roberta (October 14, 1970). 3054:Wilson, Lyle C. (January 20, 1940). 1586:Sites, memorials and cultural effect 1269:for president, backing Ohio Senator 565: 377:, senators who would not accept the 3959: 3942: 3660: 3564: 3160:Taylor, Dabney (October 14, 1970). 3116: 3023: 2996: 2984: 2960: 2912: 2888: 2876: 2864: 2852: 2840: 2737:Boller, Paul F. (October 3, 1996). 2724: 2712: 2688: 2578: 2503: 2452: 2428: 2416: 2392: 2380: 2356: 2320: 2281: 2266: 2242: 2227: 2179: 2155: 2116: 2092: 2080: 2000: 1988: 1976: 1940: 1925: 1808: 1392:1936 Republican National Convention 1333:1932 Republican National Convention 1215:1924 Republican National Convention 1136:1920 Republican National Convention 1087: 838:1912 Republican National Convention 596: 361:, one of the best-known figures in 13: 6199:People from Wayne County, Illinois 4362:Senate Foreign Relations Committee 3995: 3978: 3797: 3748: 3576: 2767: 2632: 2254: 2215: 2203: 2191: 1964: 1952: 1869: 1790: 1073:Senate Foreign Relations Committee 765:Electoral history of William Borah 499:to spend the night in the town of 432:Senate Foreign Relations Committee 14: 6250: 6169:American people of German descent 6164:20th-century American politicians 5444:Deans of the United States Senate 4478:United States senators from Idaho 4015: 3727: 3648: 3636: 3624: 3600: 3588: 3128: 2828: 2816: 1596:National Statuary Hall Collection 1505:or attended the funeral; Boise's 1260: 770:Progressive insurgent (1907–1913) 703:Haywood trial, lumber accusations 445:National Statuary Hall Collection 5695: 5247: 5049: 4555: 4429:Dean of the United States Senate 3769: 3709: 3666: 3464: 3438: 3354: 3326:"Statue of Borah unveiled today" 3217:"Illness claims Mary Borah, 105" 2167: 2128: 1832: 1378:candidates in order to ensure a 956:William E. Borah to the Senate, 455:William Edgar Borah was born in 329: 135:Dean of the United States Senate 3895:The Journal of American History 3874:The Pacific Northwest Quarterly 3772:The Pacific Northwest Quarterly 3389:. Coeur d'Alene School District 3234:Sumner, Allene (May 30, 1928). 3066: 2930: 2797: 2730: 2609: 2584: 2544: 2040: 2006: 1859:"Idaho governor sets Borah day" 1823: 1814: 1796: 1779: 1538: ... Borah was the last." 1032:of Massachusetts, the incoming 859: 803:, the powerful chairman of the 570: 262: 16:American politician (1865–1940) 3979:Vinson, John Chalmers (1957). 3253:Carter, Jack (April 8, 1988). 1767: 1: 6189:Politicians from Boise, Idaho 5100:Education/Education and Labor 3922:Maddox, Robert James (1969). 3845:The Pacific Historical Review 3187:. Scripps-Howard. p. 34. 3181:"Mary Borah alert, lively 90" 2743:. New York: OUP USA. p. 2257:, pp. xvi–xviii, 209–10. 1845: 1551: 1061: 843:Republican National Committee 637:In 1898, Borah supported the 4045:– biography of William Borah 3056:"Borah is mourned by nation" 7: 4073:20th Century Press Archives 3943:McKenna, Marian C. (1961). 3792:Pacific Northwest Quarterly 3149:. Michigan. UPI. p. 9. 2805:Pacific Northwest Quarterly 1904:American National Biography 1390:(who was nominated at the 1168:Washington Naval Conference 966:unlimited submarine warfare 657:At the state convention at 10: 6255: 4334:Senate Education Committee 4222:Senate Education Committee 3721: 1624:National Historic Landmark 1463:International News Service 1384:Robert M. La Follette, Jr. 1199:annual message to Congress 1118:Harding and Coolidge years 762: 676:United States Assay Office 451:Childhood and early career 6194:People from Lyons, Kansas 6120: 6087: 6058: 6029: 6000: 5971: 5942: 5924: 5853: 5835: 5824: 5783: 5765: 5754: 5693: 5450: 5342: 5305:Labor and Human Resources 5304: 5256: 5245: 5099: 5047: 4701: 4564: 4553: 4484: 4435: 4426: 4418: 4413: 4403: 4391: 4383: 4378: 4368: 4358: 4350: 4340: 4330: 4322: 4312: 4302: 4294: 4284: 4274: 4266: 4256: 4246: 4238: 4228: 4218: 4210: 4200: 4156: 4148: 4141: 4131: 4094: 4089: 4084: 4043:Biography UMKC Law School 3800:Pacific Historical Review 3452:. Internet Movie Database 3387:"Borah Elementary School" 3242:. California. p. 12. 2937:A Lion Among The Liberals 1602:. Idaho's highest point, 1576:Alice Roosevelt Longworth 1459:William Kinsey Hutchinson 1282:. Though Montana Senator 607:the presidential campaign 457:Jasper Township, Illinois 345: 337: 325: 308: 294: 284: 278:Alice Roosevelt Longworth 272: 246: 233: 223: 209: 184: 179: 175: 163: 151: 140: 133: 121: 109: 98: 90: 78: 66: 55: 43: 39: 30: 23: 5257:Labor and Public Welfare 4379:Awards and achievements 4085:Party political offices 4022:United States Congress. 3996:Weaver, John D. (1997). 3540:Lewiston Morning Tribune 3348:Lewiston Morning Tribune 3221:Lewiston Morning Tribune 3162:"Mrs. Borah recalls 100" 3097:Lewiston Morning Tribune 3078:Lewiston Morning Tribune 2591:Gould, Lewis L. (2014). 1787:Idaho Historical Society 1760: 1472: 1346:Roosevelt's Hundred Days 935:narrowly won re-election 888:would prove a means for 886:Federal Trade Commission 805:Senate Finance Committee 392:Borah was born in rural 4037:National Statutory Hall 3417:, National Park Service 3330:Spokane Daily Chronicle 3166:Spokane Daily Chronicle 2915:, pp. 281, 310–16. 2170:, pp. 193, 197–98. 1863:Spokane Daily Chronicle 1805:Kenesaw Mountain Landis 1173:Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill 485:Cumberland Presbyterian 6239:Jeffersonian democracy 5799:Incumbent VP nominee: 3828:Hutchinson, William K. 3715:Taylor, 2013; page 122 3446:"The Lion of Idaho on 3060:Berkeley Daily Gazette 2740:Presidential Anecdotes 1898:"Borah, William Edgar" 1754: 1705: 1677: 1592:bronze statue of Borah 1557: 1550:Mary McConnell Borah, 1418: 1370: 1295: 1193: 1067: 1034:Senate Majority Leader 1012:Paris Peace Conference 1007: 964:After Germany resumed 953: 752: 726:United States Attorney 611:William Jennings Bryan 552:Union Pacific Railroad 219:Washington, D.C., U.S. 6125:Other 1936 elections: 6099:William Dudley Pelley 6060:Socialist Labor Party 5812:Henry S. Breckinridge 5793:Franklin D. Roosevelt 3830:(February 29, 1940). 3728:Ashby, LeRoy (1972). 3494:. University of Idaho 3300:Brands, H.W. (2008). 3261:. Moscow. p. 1C. 1749: 1700:in the US Capitol by 1696: 1673: 1645:) defends a woman in 1631:syndicated television 1549: 1416: 1368: 1355:National Recovery Act 1338:Franklin D. Roosevelt 1293: 1186: 1059: 1001: 975:Espionage Act of 1917 945: 933:in 1928), but Wilson 894:Clayton Antitrust Act 882:Federal Reserve Board 831:Seventeenth Amendment 763:Further information: 747: 477:the Revolutionary War 373:, because he led the 359:United States Senator 45:United States Senator 6174:American Protestants 4214:Jonathan P. Dolliver 4049:History News Network 3302:Traitor to his Class 3147:Ludington Daily News 2538:United States Senate 2053:The Caldwell Tribune 2019:The Caldwell Tribune 1738:Secretary of Defense 1669:Appraisal and legacy 1569:William J. McConnell 1514:William Gibbs McAdoo 1431:court-packing scheme 1147:league, rather than 1095:Nineteenth Amendment 1026:Treaty of Versailles 927:Charles Evans Hughes 816:Payne–Aldrich Tariff 639:Spanish–American War 578:William J. McConnell 516:University of Kansas 398:University of Kansas 379:Treaty of Versailles 301:University of Kansas 290:Elizabeth West Borah 288:William Nathan Borah 252:Mary McConnell Borah 5791:Incumbent nominee: 4407:Homer Saint-Gaudens 3794:63.1 (1972): 22–29. 3676:(August 31, 2006). 3271:Cordery, Stacy A. 2807:63.1 (1972): 22-29. 2269:, pp. 103–112. 1733:Charles Krauthammer 1658:University of Idaho 1542:Marriage and family 1528:William Allen White 1495:Idaho State Capitol 1479:cerebral hemorrhage 1435:Willis Van Devanter 1380:brokered convention 1304:Hawley–Smoot Tariff 1255:Kellogg–Briand Pact 1207:Teapot Dome scandal 878:Federal Reserve Act 824:Sixteenth Amendment 812:William Howard Taft 759:Senator (1907–1940) 524:William Allen White 413:William Howard Taft 352:William Edgar Borah 203:Fairfield, Illinois 189:William Edgar Borah 4344:Lawrence C. Phipps 4165:Served alongside: 3651:, pp. 293–94. 3627:, pp. 292–93. 3522:The Idaho Argonaut 3362:"History of Borah" 2999:, pp. 356–59. 2987:, pp. 354–56. 2891:, pp. 280–81. 2843:, pp. 262–68. 2831:, pp. 280–81. 2819:, pp. 260–76. 2794:, pp. 172–82. 2782:, pp. 165–66. 2727:, pp. 285–87. 2703:, pp. 164–65. 2691:, pp. 209–11. 2667:, pp. 772–79. 2625:The New York Times 2581:, pp. 168–71. 2557:The New York Times 2506:, pp. 162–63. 2455:, pp. 254–56. 2431:, pp. 164–65. 2395:, pp. 146–48. 2359:, pp. 249–50. 2323:, pp. 131–33. 2284:, pp. 118–28. 2245:, pp. 98–100. 2143:, pp. 126–37. 1955:, pp. 170–73. 1706: 1608:dean of the Senate 1558: 1507:population in 1940 1427:U.S. Supreme Court 1419: 1371: 1296: 1203:October Revolution 1194: 1192:cover, May 5, 1924 1082:Lodge Reservations 1068: 1008: 865:Prewar (1913–1917) 785:Brownsville Affair 663:Theodore Roosevelt 469:Katharina von Bora 417:Theodore Roosevelt 6184:Idaho Republicans 6141: 6140: 6116: 6115: 6049:Thomas C. O'Brien 5973:Prohibition Party 5920: 5919: 5912:Frederick Steiwer 5879:Other candidates: 5820: 5819: 5809:Other candidates: 5801:John Nance Garner 5704: 5703: 5410: 5409: 5307:(1977–1999) 5259:(1947–1977) 5102:(1869–1947) 5058: 5057: 4660: 4659: 4445: 4444: 4436:Succeeded by 4404:Succeeded by 4369:Succeeded by 4354:Henry Cabot Lodge 4341:Succeeded by 4313:Succeeded by 4285:Succeeded by 4270:George Sutherland 4257:Succeeded by 4229:Succeeded by 4201:Succeeded by 4172:Kirtland I. Perky 4163:1907–1940 4132:Succeeded by 4007:978-0-89096-748-5 3971:978-0-674-06118-7 3935:978-0-8071-0907-6 3741:978-0-252-00220-5 3448:Death Valley Days 3366:Borah High School 3311:978-0-385-51958-8 3288:978-0-670-01833-8 3199:"Mrs. Borah dies" 2975:, pp. 12–17. 2770:, pp. 59–61. 2754:978-0-19-509731-3 2679:, pp. 19–20. 2646:on March 22, 2012 2602:978-0-7006-2001-2 2518:, pp. 69–72. 2494:, pp. 63–68. 2479:, pp. 58–59. 2443:, pp. 53–57. 2407:, pp. 50–54. 2371:, pp. 10–21. 2347:, pp. 10–21. 2308:, pp. 16–17. 2230:, pp. 67–82. 2218:, pp. 71–72. 2206:, pp. 67–68. 2194:, pp. 66–67. 2182:, pp. 43–67. 2119:, pp. 40–42. 2095:, pp. 31–38. 2083:, pp. 27–31. 1991:, pp. 16–17. 1979:, pp. 10–15. 1793:, pp. 70–72. 1638:Death Valley Days 1612:Borah High School 1447:Munich Conference 1308:lame-duck session 1157:Warren G. Harding 1153:smoke-filled room 1111:lame duck session 1046:private secretary 1030:Henry Cabot Lodge 1017:League of Nations 1015:would become the 949:League of Nations 947:is in favor of a 907:Victoriano Huerta 871:Foreign Relations 850:Progressive Party 820:Winona, Minnesota 795:Borah staked out 789:Joseph B. Foraker 737:; famed attorney 652:Weldon B. Heyburn 644:Idaho Legislature 621:in opposition to 619:Silver Republican 586:Frank Steunenberg 566:Pre-Senate career 546:, Borah chose to 387:League of Nations 349: 348: 341:The Lion of Idaho 240:Silver Republican 116:Henry Cabot Lodge 6246: 6078:Emil F. Teichert 6020:George A. Nelson 5991:Claude A. Watson 5926: 5925: 5833: 5832: 5827:Republican Party 5763: 5762: 5757:Democratic Party 5731: 5724: 5717: 5708: 5707: 5699: 5437: 5430: 5423: 5414: 5413: 5251: 5085: 5078: 5071: 5062: 5061: 5053: 4687: 4680: 4673: 4664: 4663: 4559: 4471: 4464: 4457: 4448: 4447: 4439:Ellison D. Smith 4419:Preceded by 4414:Honorary titles 4384:Preceded by 4351:Preceded by 4323:Preceded by 4295:Preceded by 4267:Preceded by 4260:Miles Poindexter 4239:Preceded by 4211:Preceded by 4184:Frank R. Gooding 4149:Preceded by 4082: 4081: 4033: 4011: 3992: 3975: 3956: 3939: 3918: 3889: 3868: 3839: 3837: 3823: 3787: 3766: 3745: 3716: 3713: 3707: 3701: 3695: 3694: 3692: 3690: 3670: 3664: 3658: 3652: 3646: 3640: 3634: 3628: 3622: 3616: 3610: 3604: 3598: 3592: 3586: 3580: 3574: 3568: 3562: 3556: 3550: 3544: 3543: 3532: 3526: 3525: 3519: 3510: 3504: 3503: 3501: 3499: 3488: 3479: 3468: 3462: 3461: 3459: 3457: 3442: 3436: 3435: 3425: 3424: 3422: 3416: 3405: 3399: 3398: 3396: 3394: 3383: 3377: 3376: 3374: 3372: 3358: 3352: 3351: 3340: 3334: 3333: 3322: 3316: 3315: 3297: 3291: 3269: 3263: 3262: 3250: 3244: 3243: 3231: 3225: 3224: 3213: 3207: 3206: 3203:Spokesman-Review 3195: 3189: 3188: 3185:Pittsburgh Press 3176: 3170: 3169: 3157: 3151: 3150: 3138: 3132: 3126: 3120: 3114: 3101: 3100: 3088: 3082: 3081: 3070: 3064: 3063: 3051: 3045: 3044: 3033: 3027: 3021: 3015: 3009: 3000: 2994: 2988: 2982: 2976: 2970: 2964: 2958: 2952: 2946: 2940: 2934: 2928: 2922: 2916: 2910: 2904: 2898: 2892: 2886: 2880: 2874: 2868: 2862: 2856: 2850: 2844: 2838: 2832: 2826: 2820: 2814: 2808: 2801: 2795: 2789: 2783: 2777: 2771: 2765: 2759: 2758: 2734: 2728: 2722: 2716: 2710: 2704: 2698: 2692: 2686: 2680: 2674: 2668: 2662: 2656: 2655: 2653: 2651: 2636: 2630: 2629: 2621: 2613: 2607: 2606: 2588: 2582: 2576: 2570: 2569: 2567: 2565: 2548: 2542: 2541: 2530: 2519: 2513: 2507: 2501: 2495: 2489: 2480: 2474: 2468: 2462: 2456: 2450: 2444: 2438: 2432: 2426: 2420: 2414: 2408: 2402: 2396: 2390: 2384: 2378: 2372: 2366: 2360: 2354: 2348: 2342: 2336: 2330: 2324: 2318: 2309: 2303: 2297: 2291: 2285: 2279: 2270: 2264: 2258: 2252: 2246: 2240: 2231: 2225: 2219: 2213: 2207: 2201: 2195: 2189: 2183: 2177: 2171: 2165: 2159: 2153: 2144: 2138: 2132: 2126: 2120: 2114: 2108: 2102: 2096: 2090: 2084: 2078: 2072: 2071: 2069: 2067: 2044: 2038: 2037: 2035: 2033: 2010: 2004: 1998: 1992: 1986: 1980: 1974: 1968: 1962: 1956: 1950: 1944: 1938: 1929: 1923: 1917: 1916: 1914: 1912: 1900: 1892: 1867: 1866: 1855: 1839: 1836: 1830: 1827: 1821: 1818: 1812: 1800: 1794: 1783: 1777: 1771: 1681: 1680:William E. Borah 1634:anthology series 1581: 1556: 1553: 1489:was held in the 1231:Frank B. Kellogg 1219:Charles G. Dawes 1088:Women's suffrage 1066: 1065: 1919–1925 1063: 960: 959: 710:Big Bill Haywood 627:William McKinley 597:Senate contender 497:Illinois Central 406:Big Bill Haywood 333: 266: 264: 216: 213:January 19, 1940 198: 196: 180:Personal details 170:Ellison D. Smith 166: 154: 145: 124: 112: 103: 91:Chairman of the 81: 69: 60: 35: 21: 20: 6254: 6253: 6249: 6248: 6247: 6245: 6244: 6243: 6144: 6143: 6142: 6137: 6112: 6089:Christian Party 6083: 6054: 6025: 6002:Socialist Party 5996: 5983:D. Leigh Colvin 5967: 5944:Communist Party 5938: 5916: 5892:L. J. Dickinson 5849: 5816: 5779: 5750: 5735: 5705: 5700: 5691: 5446: 5441: 5411: 5406: 5344: 5338: 5306: 5300: 5258: 5252: 5243: 5101: 5095: 5089: 5059: 5054: 5045: 4697: 4691: 4661: 4656: 4560: 4551: 4480: 4475: 4441: 4432: 4424: 4409: 4400: 4389: 4387:Gelasio Caetani 4374: 4365: 4356: 4346: 4337: 4328: 4318: 4309: 4300: 4298:John K. Shields 4290: 4281: 4272: 4262: 4253: 4244: 4234: 4225: 4216: 4206: 4164: 4162: 4154: 4137: 4114: 4107: 4021: 4018: 4008: 3972: 3936: 3907:10.2307/1893991 3857:10.2307/3634181 3812:10.2307/4492129 3742: 3724: 3719: 3714: 3710: 3702: 3698: 3688: 3686: 3671: 3667: 3659: 3655: 3647: 3643: 3635: 3631: 3623: 3619: 3611: 3607: 3603:, pp. 3–4. 3599: 3595: 3587: 3583: 3575: 3571: 3563: 3559: 3551: 3547: 3534: 3533: 3529: 3517: 3511: 3507: 3497: 3495: 3490: 3489: 3482: 3469: 3465: 3455: 3453: 3444: 3443: 3439: 3433: 3420: 3418: 3414: 3406: 3402: 3392: 3390: 3385: 3384: 3380: 3370: 3368: 3360: 3359: 3355: 3342: 3341: 3337: 3324: 3323: 3319: 3312: 3298: 3294: 3270: 3266: 3251: 3247: 3232: 3228: 3215: 3214: 3210: 3197: 3196: 3192: 3177: 3173: 3158: 3154: 3139: 3135: 3127: 3123: 3115: 3104: 3089: 3085: 3072: 3071: 3067: 3052: 3048: 3035: 3034: 3030: 3022: 3018: 3010: 3003: 2995: 2991: 2983: 2979: 2971: 2967: 2959: 2955: 2947: 2943: 2935: 2931: 2923: 2919: 2911: 2907: 2899: 2895: 2887: 2883: 2875: 2871: 2863: 2859: 2851: 2847: 2839: 2835: 2827: 2823: 2815: 2811: 2802: 2798: 2790: 2786: 2778: 2774: 2766: 2762: 2755: 2735: 2731: 2723: 2719: 2711: 2707: 2699: 2695: 2687: 2683: 2675: 2671: 2663: 2659: 2649: 2647: 2638: 2637: 2633: 2628:. July 1, 1921. 2619: 2615: 2614: 2610: 2603: 2589: 2585: 2577: 2573: 2563: 2561: 2550: 2549: 2545: 2532: 2531: 2522: 2514: 2510: 2502: 2498: 2490: 2483: 2475: 2471: 2463: 2459: 2451: 2447: 2439: 2435: 2427: 2423: 2415: 2411: 2403: 2399: 2391: 2387: 2379: 2375: 2367: 2363: 2355: 2351: 2343: 2339: 2335:, pp. 4–9. 2331: 2327: 2319: 2312: 2304: 2300: 2292: 2288: 2280: 2273: 2265: 2261: 2253: 2249: 2241: 2234: 2226: 2222: 2214: 2210: 2202: 2198: 2190: 2186: 2178: 2174: 2166: 2162: 2154: 2147: 2139: 2135: 2127: 2123: 2115: 2111: 2103: 2099: 2091: 2087: 2079: 2075: 2065: 2063: 2045: 2041: 2031: 2029: 2011: 2007: 2003:, pp. 1–5. 1999: 1995: 1987: 1983: 1975: 1971: 1963: 1959: 1951: 1947: 1943:, pp. 7–9. 1939: 1932: 1928:, pp. 5–6. 1924: 1920: 1910: 1908: 1893: 1870: 1857: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1843: 1842: 1837: 1833: 1828: 1824: 1819: 1815: 1801: 1797: 1784: 1780: 1773:Or, by some, a 1772: 1768: 1763: 1741:Donald Rumsfeld 1715:Harold L. Ickes 1698:Statue of Borah 1683: 1679: 1671: 1588: 1579: 1554: 1544: 1532:Raymond Clapper 1518:Joseph Goebbels 1475: 1363: 1284:Thomas J. Walsh 1263: 1250:Aristide Briand 1242:Salmon Levinson 1235:Rock Creek Park 1227:Frank Brandegee 1211:Harry Daugherty 1161:Calvin Coolidge 1120: 1090: 1064: 1051:Weimar Republic 1021:Irreconcilables 987:Fourteen Points 962: 957: 955: 943: 919:sinking of the 867: 862: 772: 767: 761: 739:Clarence Darrow 735:James H. Hawley 708:prosecution of 705: 689:Stephen Douglas 685:Abraham Lincoln 599: 573: 568: 453: 421:Calvin Coolidge 375:Irreconcilables 363:Idaho's history 321: 303: 289: 268: 265: 1895) 260: 256: 253: 235: 234:Other political 224:Political party 218: 214: 200: 194: 192: 191: 190: 164: 152: 146: 141: 122: 110: 104: 99: 79: 67: 61: 56: 47: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6252: 6242: 6241: 6236: 6231: 6226: 6221: 6216: 6211: 6206: 6201: 6196: 6191: 6186: 6181: 6176: 6171: 6166: 6161: 6156: 6139: 6138: 6136: 6135: 6130: 6121: 6118: 6117: 6114: 6113: 6111: 6110: 6102: 6093: 6091: 6085: 6084: 6082: 6081: 6073: 6064: 6062: 6056: 6055: 6053: 6052: 6044: 6035: 6033: 6027: 6026: 6024: 6023: 6015: 6006: 6004: 5998: 5997: 5995: 5994: 5986: 5977: 5975: 5969: 5968: 5966: 5965: 5957: 5948: 5946: 5940: 5939: 5922: 5921: 5918: 5917: 5915: 5914: 5909: 5904: 5899: 5894: 5889: 5887:Stephen A. Day 5884: 5875: 5874: 5866: 5857: 5855: 5851: 5850: 5848: 5847: 5842: 5836: 5830: 5822: 5821: 5818: 5817: 5815: 5814: 5805: 5804: 5796: 5787: 5785: 5781: 5780: 5778: 5777: 5772: 5766: 5760: 5752: 5751: 5734: 5733: 5726: 5719: 5711: 5702: 5701: 5694: 5692: 5690: 5689: 5684: 5679: 5674: 5669: 5664: 5659: 5654: 5649: 5640: 5635: 5630: 5625: 5620: 5615: 5610: 5605: 5600: 5595: 5590: 5585: 5580: 5575: 5570: 5565: 5560: 5555: 5550: 5545: 5540: 5535: 5530: 5525: 5520: 5511: 5506: 5501: 5496: 5491: 5486: 5481: 5476: 5471: 5466: 5461: 5451: 5448: 5447: 5440: 5439: 5432: 5425: 5417: 5408: 5407: 5405: 5404: 5399: 5394: 5389: 5384: 5379: 5374: 5369: 5364: 5359: 5354: 5348: 5346: 5345:(1999–present) 5340: 5339: 5337: 5336: 5331: 5326: 5321: 5316: 5310: 5308: 5302: 5301: 5299: 5298: 5293: 5288: 5283: 5278: 5273: 5268: 5262: 5260: 5254: 5253: 5246: 5244: 5242: 5241: 5236: 5231: 5226: 5221: 5216: 5211: 5206: 5201: 5196: 5191: 5186: 5181: 5176: 5171: 5166: 5161: 5156: 5151: 5146: 5141: 5136: 5131: 5126: 5121: 5116: 5111: 5105: 5103: 5097: 5096: 5091:Chairs of the 5088: 5087: 5080: 5073: 5065: 5056: 5055: 5048: 5046: 5044: 5043: 5038: 5033: 5028: 5023: 5018: 5013: 5008: 5003: 4998: 4993: 4988: 4983: 4978: 4973: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4938: 4933: 4928: 4923: 4918: 4913: 4908: 4903: 4898: 4893: 4888: 4883: 4878: 4873: 4868: 4863: 4858: 4853: 4848: 4843: 4838: 4833: 4828: 4823: 4818: 4813: 4808: 4803: 4798: 4793: 4788: 4783: 4778: 4773: 4768: 4763: 4758: 4753: 4748: 4743: 4738: 4733: 4728: 4723: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4702: 4699: 4698: 4693:Chairs of the 4690: 4689: 4682: 4675: 4667: 4658: 4657: 4655: 4654: 4649: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4629: 4624: 4619: 4614: 4609: 4604: 4599: 4594: 4589: 4584: 4579: 4574: 4568: 4566: 4562: 4561: 4554: 4552: 4550: 4549: 4544: 4539: 4534: 4529: 4524: 4519: 4514: 4509: 4504: 4499: 4494: 4488: 4486: 4482: 4481: 4474: 4473: 4466: 4459: 4451: 4443: 4442: 4437: 4434: 4425: 4420: 4416: 4415: 4411: 4410: 4405: 4402: 4390: 4385: 4381: 4380: 4376: 4375: 4370: 4367: 4357: 4352: 4348: 4347: 4342: 4339: 4329: 4326:William Kenyon 4324: 4320: 4319: 4314: 4311: 4301: 4296: 4292: 4291: 4286: 4283: 4273: 4268: 4264: 4263: 4258: 4255: 4245: 4240: 4236: 4235: 4230: 4227: 4217: 4212: 4208: 4207: 4202: 4199: 4180:John F. Nugent 4176:James H. Brady 4168:Weldon Heyburn 4155: 4150: 4146: 4145: 4139: 4138: 4133: 4130: 4093: 4087: 4086: 4080: 4079: 4066: 4057: 4052: 4046: 4040: 4039:– U.S. Capitol 4034: 4017: 4016:External links 4014: 4013: 4012: 4006: 3993: 3976: 3970: 3957: 3940: 3934: 3919: 3890: 3869: 3851:(2): 125–138. 3840: 3824: 3795: 3788: 3778:(4): 193–198. 3767: 3757:(2): 168–175. 3746: 3740: 3723: 3720: 3718: 3717: 3708: 3696: 3674:Nyhan, Brendan 3665: 3663:, p. 228. 3653: 3641: 3639:, p. 293. 3629: 3617: 3615:, p. xix. 3605: 3593: 3591:, p. vii. 3581: 3569: 3567:, p. 376. 3557: 3545: 3527: 3505: 3480: 3463: 3437: 3434:(1.56 MB) 3400: 3378: 3353: 3335: 3317: 3310: 3292: 3264: 3245: 3226: 3208: 3190: 3171: 3152: 3133: 3131:, p. 294. 3121: 3119:, p. 373. 3102: 3083: 3065: 3046: 3028: 3026:, p. 360. 3016: 3001: 2989: 2977: 2965: 2963:, p. 342. 2953: 2941: 2929: 2927:, p. 213. 2917: 2905: 2893: 2881: 2879:, p. 276. 2869: 2867:, p. 274. 2857: 2855:, p. 271. 2845: 2833: 2821: 2809: 2796: 2784: 2772: 2760: 2753: 2729: 2717: 2715:, p. 217. 2705: 2693: 2681: 2669: 2657: 2631: 2608: 2601: 2583: 2571: 2560:. June 5, 1919 2543: 2520: 2508: 2496: 2481: 2469: 2457: 2445: 2433: 2421: 2419:, p. 230. 2409: 2397: 2385: 2383:, p. 143. 2373: 2361: 2349: 2337: 2325: 2310: 2298: 2286: 2271: 2259: 2247: 2232: 2220: 2208: 2196: 2184: 2172: 2160: 2145: 2133: 2131:, p. 196. 2121: 2109: 2107:, p. 125. 2097: 2085: 2073: 2039: 2005: 1993: 1981: 1969: 1967:, p. 174. 1957: 1945: 1930: 1918: 1868: 1849: 1847: 1844: 1841: 1840: 1831: 1822: 1813: 1795: 1778: 1765: 1764: 1762: 1759: 1672: 1670: 1667: 1598:, sculpted by 1587: 1584: 1564:, daughter of 1543: 1540: 1491:Senate chamber 1474: 1471: 1362: 1359: 1350:Glass–Steagall 1320:Charles Curtis 1267:Herbert Hoover 1262: 1261:Hoover and FDR 1259: 1119: 1116: 1089: 1086: 979:James H. Brady 944: 942: 939: 915:neutral rights 866: 863: 861: 858: 854:Woodrow Wilson 801:Nelson Aldrich 777:ten-gallon hat 771: 768: 760: 757: 704: 701: 598: 595: 572: 569: 567: 564: 544:Horace Greeley 507:independent". 452: 449: 425:Herbert Hoover 347: 346: 343: 342: 339: 335: 334: 327: 323: 322: 320: 319: 316: 312: 310: 306: 305: 298: 292: 291: 286: 282: 281: 274: 270: 269: 258: 254: 251: 250: 248: 244: 243: 237: 231: 230: 225: 221: 220: 217:(aged 74) 211: 207: 206: 188: 186: 182: 181: 177: 176: 173: 172: 167: 161: 160: 155: 149: 148: 138: 137: 131: 130: 125: 119: 118: 113: 107: 106: 96: 95: 88: 87: 82: 76: 75: 70: 64: 63: 53: 52: 41: 40: 37: 36: 28: 27: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6251: 6240: 6237: 6235: 6232: 6230: 6227: 6225: 6222: 6220: 6217: 6215: 6212: 6210: 6207: 6205: 6202: 6200: 6197: 6195: 6192: 6190: 6187: 6185: 6182: 6180: 6179:Idaho lawyers 6177: 6175: 6172: 6170: 6167: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6157: 6155: 6152: 6151: 6149: 6134: 6131: 6129: 6126: 6123: 6122: 6119: 6109: 6108: 6103: 6101: 6100: 6095: 6094: 6092: 6090: 6086: 6080: 6079: 6074: 6072: 6071: 6070:John W. Aiken 6066: 6065: 6063: 6061: 6057: 6051: 6050: 6045: 6043: 6042: 6041:William Lemke 6037: 6036: 6034: 6032: 6028: 6022: 6021: 6016: 6014: 6013: 6012:Norman Thomas 6008: 6007: 6005: 6003: 5999: 5993: 5992: 5987: 5985: 5984: 5979: 5978: 5976: 5974: 5970: 5964: 5963: 5962:James W. Ford 5958: 5956: 5955: 5950: 5949: 5947: 5945: 5941: 5936: 5932: 5927: 5923: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5905: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5895: 5893: 5890: 5888: 5885: 5883: 5882:William Borah 5880: 5877: 5876: 5873: 5872: 5867: 5865: 5864: 5859: 5858: 5856: 5852: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5838: 5837: 5834: 5831: 5829: 5828: 5823: 5813: 5810: 5807: 5806: 5803: 5802: 5797: 5795: 5794: 5789: 5788: 5786: 5782: 5776: 5773: 5771: 5768: 5767: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5758: 5753: 5748: 5744: 5740: 5732: 5727: 5725: 5720: 5718: 5713: 5712: 5709: 5698: 5688: 5685: 5683: 5680: 5678: 5675: 5673: 5670: 5668: 5665: 5663: 5660: 5658: 5655: 5653: 5650: 5648: 5644: 5641: 5639: 5636: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5611: 5609: 5606: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5571: 5569: 5566: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5556: 5554: 5551: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5541: 5539: 5536: 5534: 5531: 5529: 5526: 5524: 5521: 5519: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5507: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5492: 5490: 5487: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5477: 5475: 5472: 5470: 5467: 5465: 5462: 5460: 5456: 5453: 5452: 5449: 5445: 5438: 5433: 5431: 5426: 5424: 5419: 5418: 5415: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5395: 5393: 5390: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5380: 5378: 5375: 5373: 5370: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5360: 5358: 5355: 5353: 5350: 5349: 5347: 5341: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5322: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5312: 5311: 5309: 5303: 5297: 5294: 5292: 5289: 5287: 5284: 5282: 5279: 5277: 5274: 5272: 5269: 5267: 5264: 5263: 5261: 5255: 5250: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5220: 5217: 5215: 5212: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5185: 5182: 5180: 5177: 5175: 5172: 5170: 5167: 5165: 5162: 5160: 5157: 5155: 5152: 5150: 5147: 5145: 5142: 5140: 5137: 5135: 5132: 5130: 5127: 5125: 5122: 5120: 5117: 5115: 5112: 5110: 5107: 5106: 5104: 5098: 5094: 5086: 5081: 5079: 5074: 5072: 5067: 5066: 5063: 5052: 5042: 5039: 5037: 5034: 5032: 5029: 5027: 5024: 5022: 5019: 5017: 5014: 5012: 5009: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4929: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4909: 4907: 4904: 4902: 4899: 4897: 4894: 4892: 4889: 4887: 4884: 4882: 4879: 4877: 4874: 4872: 4869: 4867: 4864: 4862: 4859: 4857: 4854: 4852: 4849: 4847: 4844: 4842: 4839: 4837: 4834: 4832: 4829: 4827: 4824: 4822: 4819: 4817: 4814: 4812: 4809: 4807: 4804: 4802: 4799: 4797: 4794: 4792: 4789: 4787: 4784: 4782: 4779: 4777: 4774: 4772: 4769: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4749: 4747: 4744: 4742: 4739: 4737: 4734: 4732: 4729: 4727: 4724: 4722: 4719: 4717: 4714: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4703: 4700: 4696: 4688: 4683: 4681: 4676: 4674: 4669: 4668: 4665: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4635: 4633: 4630: 4628: 4625: 4623: 4620: 4618: 4615: 4613: 4610: 4608: 4605: 4603: 4600: 4598: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4583: 4580: 4578: 4575: 4573: 4570: 4569: 4567: 4563: 4558: 4548: 4545: 4543: 4540: 4538: 4535: 4533: 4530: 4528: 4525: 4523: 4520: 4518: 4515: 4513: 4510: 4508: 4505: 4503: 4500: 4498: 4495: 4493: 4490: 4489: 4487: 4483: 4479: 4472: 4467: 4465: 4460: 4458: 4453: 4452: 4449: 4440: 4431: 4430: 4423: 4417: 4412: 4408: 4399: 4398: 4397: 4388: 4382: 4377: 4373: 4364: 4363: 4360:Chair of the 4355: 4349: 4345: 4336: 4335: 4332:Chair of the 4327: 4321: 4317: 4308: 4307: 4304:Chair of the 4299: 4293: 4289: 4288:Wallace White 4280: 4279: 4276:Chair of the 4271: 4265: 4261: 4252: 4251: 4248:Chair of the 4243: 4237: 4233: 4232:M. Hoke Smith 4224: 4223: 4220:Chair of the 4215: 4209: 4205: 4198: 4197: 4193: 4192:James P. Pope 4189: 4185: 4181: 4177: 4173: 4169: 4161: 4160: 4153: 4147: 4144: 4140: 4136: 4129: 4125: 4121: 4117: 4113: 4111: 4106: 4102: 4098: 4092: 4088: 4083: 4078: 4074: 4070: 4067: 4065: 4061: 4060:William Borah 4058: 4056: 4053: 4050: 4047: 4044: 4041: 4038: 4035: 4031: 4030: 4025: 4020: 4019: 4009: 4003: 3999: 3994: 3990: 3986: 3982: 3977: 3973: 3967: 3963: 3958: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3941: 3937: 3931: 3927: 3926: 3920: 3916: 3912: 3908: 3904: 3901:(4): 772–80. 3900: 3896: 3891: 3887: 3883: 3879: 3875: 3870: 3866: 3862: 3858: 3854: 3850: 3846: 3841: 3836: 3835: 3829: 3825: 3821: 3817: 3813: 3809: 3805: 3801: 3796: 3793: 3789: 3785: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3768: 3764: 3760: 3756: 3752: 3747: 3743: 3737: 3733: 3732: 3726: 3725: 3712: 3706:, p. 22. 3705: 3700: 3685: 3684: 3679: 3675: 3669: 3662: 3657: 3650: 3645: 3638: 3633: 3626: 3621: 3614: 3609: 3602: 3597: 3590: 3585: 3579:, p. ix. 3578: 3573: 3566: 3561: 3555:, p. 55. 3554: 3549: 3541: 3537: 3531: 3523: 3516: 3509: 3493: 3487: 3485: 3478: 3477: 3472: 3467: 3456:September 10, 3451: 3449: 3441: 3431: 3430: 3413: 3412: 3404: 3393:September 27, 3388: 3382: 3367: 3363: 3357: 3349: 3345: 3339: 3331: 3327: 3321: 3313: 3307: 3303: 3296: 3289: 3285: 3282: 3281:0-670-01833-3 3278: 3274: 3268: 3260: 3256: 3249: 3241: 3240:San Jose News 3237: 3230: 3222: 3218: 3212: 3204: 3200: 3194: 3186: 3182: 3175: 3167: 3163: 3156: 3148: 3144: 3137: 3130: 3125: 3118: 3113: 3111: 3109: 3107: 3098: 3094: 3087: 3079: 3075: 3069: 3061: 3057: 3050: 3042: 3038: 3032: 3025: 3020: 3014:, p. 37. 3013: 3008: 3006: 2998: 2993: 2986: 2981: 2974: 2969: 2962: 2957: 2951:, p. 21. 2950: 2945: 2938: 2933: 2926: 2921: 2914: 2909: 2903:, p. 57. 2902: 2897: 2890: 2885: 2878: 2873: 2866: 2861: 2854: 2849: 2842: 2837: 2830: 2825: 2818: 2813: 2806: 2800: 2793: 2788: 2781: 2776: 2769: 2764: 2756: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2741: 2733: 2726: 2721: 2714: 2709: 2702: 2697: 2690: 2685: 2678: 2673: 2666: 2661: 2645: 2641: 2635: 2627: 2626: 2618: 2612: 2604: 2598: 2594: 2587: 2580: 2575: 2559: 2558: 2553: 2547: 2539: 2535: 2529: 2527: 2525: 2517: 2512: 2505: 2500: 2493: 2488: 2486: 2478: 2473: 2467:, p. 62. 2466: 2461: 2454: 2449: 2442: 2437: 2430: 2425: 2418: 2413: 2406: 2401: 2394: 2389: 2382: 2377: 2370: 2365: 2358: 2353: 2346: 2341: 2334: 2329: 2322: 2317: 2315: 2307: 2302: 2296:, p. 26. 2295: 2290: 2283: 2278: 2276: 2268: 2263: 2256: 2251: 2244: 2239: 2237: 2229: 2224: 2217: 2212: 2205: 2200: 2193: 2188: 2181: 2176: 2169: 2164: 2158:, p. 42. 2157: 2152: 2150: 2142: 2137: 2130: 2125: 2118: 2113: 2106: 2101: 2094: 2089: 2082: 2077: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2043: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2009: 2002: 1997: 1990: 1985: 1978: 1973: 1966: 1961: 1954: 1949: 1942: 1937: 1935: 1927: 1922: 1907: 1905: 1899: 1891: 1889: 1887: 1885: 1883: 1881: 1879: 1877: 1875: 1873: 1864: 1860: 1854: 1850: 1835: 1826: 1817: 1811:, p. 63. 1810: 1806: 1799: 1792: 1788: 1782: 1776: 1775:unilateralist 1770: 1766: 1758: 1753: 1748: 1744: 1742: 1739: 1734: 1728: 1725: 1719: 1716: 1712: 1711:H. L. Mencken 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1689: 1682: 1676: 1666: 1663: 1659: 1654: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1643:Steve Forrest 1640: 1639: 1635: 1632: 1627: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1616:Coeur d'Alene 1613: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1583: 1577: 1572: 1570: 1567: 1563: 1562:Moscow, Idaho 1548: 1539: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1524: 1519: 1515: 1510: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1483:state funeral 1480: 1470: 1468: 1467:Berchtesgaden 1464: 1460: 1456: 1450: 1448: 1443: 1440:After Hitler 1438: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1415: 1411: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1367: 1358: 1356: 1351: 1347: 1341: 1339: 1334: 1328: 1325: 1321: 1316: 1314: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1292: 1288: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1272: 1268: 1258: 1256: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1238: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1222: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1191: 1190: 1185: 1181: 1178: 1174: 1169: 1164: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1124:Hiram Johnson 1115: 1112: 1107: 1105: 1099: 1096: 1085: 1083: 1077: 1074: 1058: 1054: 1052: 1047: 1041: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1022: 1018: 1013: 1005: 1004:Hiram Johnson 1000: 996: 993: 988: 982: 980: 976: 972: 967: 961: 958:December 1918 952: 950: 938: 936: 932: 928: 923: 922: 916: 910: 908: 903: 897: 895: 891: 887: 883: 879: 874: 872: 857: 855: 851: 846: 844: 839: 834: 832: 827: 825: 821: 817: 813: 808: 806: 802: 798: 792: 790: 786: 782: 781:maiden speech 778: 766: 756: 751: 746: 743: 740: 736: 730: 727: 721: 719: 718:Harry Orchard 713: 711: 700: 698: 697:law and order 694: 693:Frank Gooding 690: 686: 680: 677: 673: 668: 664: 660: 655: 653: 647: 645: 640: 635: 632: 628: 624: 620: 616: 612: 608: 604: 594: 591: 587: 581: 579: 563: 561: 557: 553: 549: 545: 539: 537: 533: 529: 525: 521: 517: 513: 512:Lyons, Kansas 508: 504: 502: 498: 494: 490: 486: 480: 478: 474: 473:Martin Luther 470: 466: 462: 458: 448: 446: 442: 437: 433: 428: 426: 422: 418: 414: 409: 407: 403: 399: 395: 390: 388: 384: 380: 376: 372: 368: 364: 360: 357: 353: 344: 340: 336: 332: 328: 324: 317: 314: 313: 311: 307: 302: 299: 297: 293: 287: 283: 279: 275: 271: 249: 245: 241: 238: 232: 229: 226: 222: 212: 208: 204: 199:June 29, 1865 187: 183: 178: 174: 171: 168: 162: 159: 156: 150: 144: 139: 136: 132: 129: 126: 120: 117: 114: 108: 102: 97: 94: 89: 86: 83: 77: 74: 71: 65: 59: 54: 51: 46: 42: 38: 34: 29: 25:William Borah 22: 19: 6124: 6107:Willard Kemp 6105:VP nominee: 6104: 6096: 6076:VP nominee: 6075: 6067: 6047:VP nominee: 6046: 6038: 6018:VP nominee: 6017: 6009: 5989:VP nominee: 5988: 5980: 5960:VP nominee: 5959: 5954:Earl Browder 5951: 5897:Warren Green 5881: 5878: 5869:VP nominee: 5868: 5860: 5825: 5808: 5798: 5790: 5755: 5747:→ 1940 5739:← 1932 5602: 5203: 5188: 4910: 4501: 4427: 4401:May 5, 1924 4395: 4392: 4359: 4331: 4303: 4275: 4247: 4219: 4166: 4157: 4101:U.S. Senator 4099:nominee for 4095: 4090: 4064:Find a Grave 4027: 3997: 3980: 3961: 3944: 3924: 3898: 3894: 3880:(1): 15–22. 3877: 3873: 3848: 3844: 3833: 3806:(1): 65–77. 3803: 3799: 3791: 3775: 3771: 3754: 3750: 3730: 3711: 3704:Johnson 1953 3699: 3687:. Retrieved 3681: 3668: 3656: 3644: 3632: 3620: 3608: 3596: 3584: 3572: 3560: 3548: 3539: 3530: 3521: 3508: 3496:. Retrieved 3474: 3466: 3454:. Retrieved 3447: 3440: 3428: 3419:, retrieved 3410: 3403: 3391:. Retrieved 3381: 3369:. Retrieved 3356: 3347: 3338: 3329: 3320: 3301: 3295: 3290:, pp. 304–05 3272: 3267: 3258: 3248: 3239: 3229: 3220: 3211: 3202: 3193: 3184: 3174: 3165: 3155: 3146: 3136: 3124: 3096: 3086: 3077: 3068: 3059: 3049: 3041:Toledo Blade 3040: 3031: 3019: 2992: 2980: 2968: 2956: 2949:Johnson 1953 2944: 2932: 2920: 2908: 2896: 2884: 2872: 2860: 2848: 2836: 2824: 2812: 2804: 2799: 2787: 2775: 2763: 2739: 2732: 2720: 2708: 2696: 2684: 2677:Johnson 1953 2672: 2660: 2648:. Retrieved 2644:the original 2634: 2623: 2611: 2592: 2586: 2574: 2562:. Retrieved 2555: 2546: 2511: 2499: 2472: 2460: 2448: 2436: 2424: 2412: 2400: 2388: 2376: 2364: 2352: 2345:Johnson 1953 2340: 2333:Johnson 1953 2328: 2306:Johnson 1953 2301: 2289: 2262: 2250: 2223: 2211: 2199: 2187: 2175: 2163: 2141:Johnson 1943 2136: 2124: 2112: 2105:Johnson 1943 2100: 2088: 2076: 2064:. Retrieved 2052: 2042: 2030:. Retrieved 2018: 2008: 1996: 1984: 1972: 1960: 1948: 1921: 1909:. Retrieved 1902: 1862: 1853: 1834: 1825: 1816: 1798: 1781: 1769: 1755: 1750: 1745: 1729: 1723: 1720: 1707: 1702:Bryant Baker 1688:isolationism 1684: 1678: 1674: 1660:, an annual 1655: 1636: 1628: 1600:Bryant Baker 1589: 1573: 1559: 1521: 1511: 1487:U.S. Capitol 1476: 1455:World War II 1451: 1442:took control 1439: 1420: 1398:. Although 1376:favorite son 1372: 1342: 1329: 1317: 1312: 1297: 1280:Tammany Hall 1271:Frank Willis 1264: 1239: 1223: 1195: 1187: 1165: 1148: 1144: 1132:Frank Lowden 1128:Leonard Wood 1121: 1108: 1100: 1091: 1078: 1069: 1042: 1038:reservations 1009: 983: 963: 954: 946: 920: 911: 902:Panama Canal 898: 875: 868: 860:Wilson years 847: 835: 828: 809: 793: 773: 753: 748: 744: 731: 722: 714: 706: 681: 656: 648: 636: 623:the campaign 609:of Democrat 600: 582: 574: 571:Idaho lawyer 560:Boise, Idaho 540: 532:tuberculosis 528:Fred Funston 509: 505: 493:Wesley Jones 481: 465:Wayne County 454: 429: 410: 391: 383:ratification 371:isolationist 351: 350: 236:affiliations 215:(1940-01-19) 165:Succeeded by 142: 123:Succeeded by 100: 80:Succeeded by 57: 18: 6159:1940 deaths 6154:1865 births 6031:Union Party 5935:independent 5931:Third-party 5907:Earl Warren 4372:Key Pittman 4316:Walter Edge 4242:Robert Owen 4204:John Thomas 4196:Worth Clark 4188:John Thomas 4152:Fred Dubois 4143:U.S. Senate 4135:John Thomas 3613:Maddox 1969 3371:October 28, 2925:Maddox 1969 2792:Maddox 1969 2780:Maddox 1969 2701:Maddox 1969 2665:Maddox 1967 2516:Maddox 1969 2492:Maddox 1969 2477:Maddox 1969 2465:Maddox 1969 2441:Maddox 1969 2405:Maddox 1969 2369:Maddox 1969 1555: 1909 1523:Der Angriff 1396:C. Ben Ross 1246:World Court 1143:supporting 1134:. When the 1109:During the 797:progressive 615:free silver 603:Fred Dubois 487:academy at 367:progressive 242:(1896–1899) 153:Preceded by 128:Key Pittman 111:Preceded by 85:John Thomas 73:Fred Dubois 68:Preceded by 6209:Sheep Wars 6148:Categories 5937:candidates 5902:Frank Knox 5871:Frank Knox 5863:Alf Landon 5854:Candidates 5840:Convention 5784:Candidates 5770:Convention 5291:Yarborough 4931:Vandenberg 4647:Kempthorne 4433:1933–1940 4422:Reed Smoot 4366:1924–1933 4338:1922–1924 4310:1919–1922 4282:1917–1919 4254:1913–1917 4226:1909–1913 4097:Republican 3553:Hutchinson 3012:Hutchinson 2973:Hutchinson 2901:Hutchinson 2294:Hutchinson 1846:References 1604:Borah Peak 1388:Alf Landon 1324:Bonus Army 1177:filibuster 1141:Elihu Root 1104:Alice Paul 1053:at birth. 441:his statue 356:Republican 315:Politician 309:Profession 304:(attended) 296:Alma mater 228:Republican 195:1865-06-29 158:Reed Smoot 6097:Nominee: 6068:Nominee: 6039:Nominee: 6010:Nominee: 5981:Nominee: 5952:Nominee: 5861:Nominee: 5845:Primaries 5775:Primaries 5647:McClellan 5578:Gallinger 5474:Hillhouse 5392:Alexander 5329:Kassebaum 5134:Patterson 4956:Fulbright 4901:Hitchcock 4572:McConnell 4394:Cover of 3259:Idahonian 2564:April 27, 2061:2377-5955 2027:2377-5955 1662:symposium 1626:in 1976. 1520:' paper, 1300:on margin 971:the draft 921:Lusitania 667:Old Guard 659:Pocatello 461:Fairfield 381:, Senate 326:Signature 285:Parent(s) 143:In office 101:In office 58:In office 5687:Grassley 5667:Thurmond 5657:Magnuson 5652:Eastland 5643:Eastland 5633:Ellender 5613:McKellar 5538:Chandler 5484:Gaillard 5479:Anderson 5362:Jeffords 5352:Jeffords 5334:Jeffords 5314:Williams 5296:Williams 5281:A. Smith 5194:H. Smith 5184:Dolliver 5139:Burnside 5124:Flanagan 5036:Menendez 5021:Menendez 4961:Sparkman 4936:Connally 4926:Connally 4841:Burnside 4796:Hannegan 4771:Buchanan 4751:Tazewell 4582:Heitfeld 4527:Dworshak 4517:Dworshak 3886:40486998 3784:40488686 3763:40188261 3689:July 31, 3476:TV Guide 3421:June 22, 2650:July 26, 2066:July 29, 2032:July 29, 1911:June 26, 1653:charge. 1566:Governor 1423:New Deal 1400:Idahoans 1276:Al Smith 992:agrarian 973:and the 631:Populist 536:read law 520:Lawrence 436:New Deal 394:Illinois 338:Nickname 318:attorney 276:1 (with 273:Children 5662:Stennis 5628:Russell 5593:Simmons 5558:Allison 5553:Morrill 5548:Edmunds 5543:Anthony 5489:Ruggles 5459:Langdon 5402:Sanders 5382:Kennedy 5367:Kennedy 5357:Kennedy 5324:Kennedy 5219:Metcalf 5214:Couzens 5179:Penrose 5174:McComas 4916:Pittman 4871:Sherman 4861:Sherman 4846:Edmunds 4826:Cameron 4806:W. King 4761:Wilkins 4756:Forsyth 4741:Sanford 4731:Barbour 4726:R. King 4721:Barbour 4706:Barbour 4607:Gooding 4587:Heyburn 4565:Class 3 4537:McClure 4512:Gossett 4485:Class 2 4110:Class 2 4075:of the 4071:in the 3915:1893991 3865:3634181 3820:4492129 3722:Sources 3661:McKenna 3565:McKenna 3498:July 5, 3117:McKenna 3024:McKenna 2997:McKenna 2985:McKenna 2961:McKenna 2913:McKenna 2889:McKenna 2877:McKenna 2865:McKenna 2853:McKenna 2841:McKenna 2725:Nichols 2713:McKenna 2689:McKenna 2579:McKenna 2504:McKenna 2453:Nichols 2429:McKenna 2417:Nichols 2393:McKenna 2381:McKenna 2357:Nichols 2321:McKenna 2282:McKenna 2267:McKenna 2243:McKenna 2228:McKenna 2180:McKenna 2156:McKenna 2117:McKenna 2093:McKenna 2081:McKenna 2001:McKenna 1989:McKenna 1977:McKenna 1941:McKenna 1926:McKenna 1809:McKenna 1656:At the 1594:to the 1499:rotunda 1485:at the 1461:, then 1408:Vermont 590:Wallace 548:go west 489:Enfield 459:, near 267: 259: 255: 6133:Senate 5677:Inouye 5623:Hayden 5618:George 5588:Warren 5573:Cullom 5533:Sumner 5514:Bayard 5509:Pearce 5504:Mangum 5499:Benton 5464:Foster 5397:Murray 5387:Harkin 5276:Murray 5271:Thomas 5239:Murray 5234:Thomas 5209:Phipps 5199:Kenyon 5144:Bailey 5119:Sawyer 5109:Harlan 5041:Cardin 5026:Corker 4966:Church 4946:George 4921:George 4886:Cullom 4866:Morgan 4856:Miller 4851:Windom 4831:Hamlin 4821:Sumner 4801:Benton 4791:Sevier 4781:Archer 4637:Church 4632:Welker 4627:Taylor 4612:Thomas 4602:Nugent 4577:Dubois 4532:Jordan 4522:Miller 4507:Thomas 4497:Dubois 4004: 3989:484484 3987: 3968: 3953:456617 3951: 3932: 3913: 3884: 3863: 3818: 3782: 3761: 3738: 3577:Vinson 3432: 3308: 3286: 3279: 2768:Vinson 2751: 2599: 2255:Weaver 2216:Grover 2204:Grover 2192:Grover 2059: 2025: 1965:Braden 1953:Braden 1906:Online 1791:Grover 1704:, 1947 1651:murder 1313:anyone 1060:Borah 931:Hoover 890:trusts 247:Spouse 205:, U.S. 6128:House 5682:Leahy 5638:Aiken 5608:Smith 5603:Borah 5598:Smoot 5583:Lodge 5469:Brown 5372:Gregg 5319:Hatch 5229:Black 5224:Walsh 5204:Borah 5189:Borah 5164:Shoup 5154:Carey 5149:Blair 5129:Ferry 5114:Drake 5031:Risch 5016:Kerry 5011:Biden 5006:Lugar 5001:Biden 4996:Helms 4991:Biden 4986:Helms 4976:Lugar 4971:Percy 4951:Green 4941:Wiley 4911:Borah 4906:Lodge 4896:Stone 4891:Bacon 4881:Davis 4836:Eaton 4816:Mason 4811:Foote 4786:Allen 4776:Rives 4746:Macon 4736:Macon 4716:Brown 4711:Macon 4652:Crapo 4642:Symms 4622:Clark 4597:Brady 4592:Perky 4547:Risch 4542:Craig 4502:Borah 4492:Shoup 4105:Idaho 4103:from 4091:First 3945:Borah 3911:JSTOR 3882:JSTOR 3861:JSTOR 3816:JSTOR 3780:JSTOR 3759:JSTOR 3649:Ashby 3637:Ashby 3625:Ashby 3601:Ashby 3589:Ashby 3518:(PDF) 3415:(PDF) 3129:Ashby 2829:Ashby 2817:Ashby 2620:(PDF) 1761:Notes 1649:on a 1647:Nampa 1473:Death 1404:Maine 556:Omaha 501:Carmi 402:Idaho 365:. A 261:( 257: 201:near 50:Idaho 48:from 5933:and 5741:) 5672:Byrd 5568:Frye 5563:Hale 5528:Wade 5523:Foot 5518:Foot 5494:King 5455:Gunn 5377:Enzi 5286:Hill 5266:Taft 5169:Kyle 5159:Kyle 4981:Pell 4876:Frye 4766:Clay 4617:Pope 4396:Time 4128:1936 4124:1930 4120:1924 4116:1918 4002:ISBN 3985:OCLC 3966:ISBN 3949:OCLC 3930:ISBN 3736:ISBN 3691:2016 3683:Time 3500:2016 3458:2018 3426:and 3423:2009 3395:2015 3373:2017 3306:ISBN 3284:ISBN 3277:ISBN 2749:ISBN 2652:2011 2597:ISBN 2566:2022 2168:Cook 2129:Cook 2068:2020 2057:ISSN 2034:2020 2023:ISSN 1913:2016 1724:Time 1536:T.R. 1503:bier 1406:and 1189:Time 526:and 210:Died 185:Born 4077:ZBW 4062:at 3903:doi 3853:doi 3808:doi 2745:245 1149:the 554:in 463:in 6150:: 4194:, 4190:, 4186:, 4182:, 4178:, 4174:, 4170:, 4126:, 4122:, 4118:, 4112:) 4026:. 3909:. 3899:53 3897:. 3878:44 3876:. 3859:. 3849:12 3847:. 3814:. 3804:32 3802:. 3776:60 3774:. 3755:40 3753:. 3680:. 3538:. 3520:. 3483:^ 3473:, 3364:. 3346:. 3328:. 3257:. 3238:. 3219:. 3201:. 3183:. 3164:. 3145:. 3105:^ 3095:. 3076:. 3058:. 3039:. 3004:^ 2747:. 2622:. 2554:. 2536:. 2523:^ 2484:^ 2313:^ 2274:^ 2235:^ 2148:^ 2055:. 2051:. 2021:. 2017:. 1933:^ 1901:. 1871:^ 1861:. 1743:. 1618:. 1582:" 1552:c. 1062:c. 937:. 826:. 646:. 503:. 447:. 389:. 263:m. 5749:) 5745:( 5737:( 5730:e 5723:t 5716:v 5645:/ 5516:/ 5457:/ 5436:e 5429:t 5422:v 5084:e 5077:t 5070:v 4686:e 4679:t 4672:v 4470:e 4463:t 4456:v 4108:( 4032:. 4010:. 3991:. 3974:. 3955:. 3938:. 3917:. 3905:: 3888:. 3867:. 3855:: 3822:. 3810:: 3786:. 3765:. 3744:. 3693:. 3502:. 3460:. 3450:" 3397:. 3375:. 3314:. 2757:. 2654:. 2605:. 2568:. 2540:. 2070:. 2036:. 1915:. 1580:' 1145:a 613:— 280:) 197:) 193:(

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