33:
419:(1991), inspired by her relationship with her father—and Matthew (b. January 1958). Their marriage ended in divorce in 1965. In 1968 Gaddis married Judith Thompson (1940–2022), a journalist and later an antiques dealer. They separated in 1978, and the following year he reunited with Muriel Murphy Oxenberg (1926–2008), whom he had first met in 1953. They lived together until around the time when
259:
and in politics", and Edith (Charles) Gaddis, who worked her way up from being secretary to the president of the New York Steam
Corporation to an executive position as its chief purchasing agent. When he was three, his parents separated and Gaddis was subsequently raised by his mother in
347:, told almost entirely in unattributed dialogue. Its eponymous protagonist, an 11-year-old, learns enough about the stock market from a class field trip to build a financial empire of his own. Critical opinion had caught up with him, and the book won the
489:
called Gaddis "an old literary hero of mine", dubbed him 'Mr. Difficult', stating that "by a comfortable margin, the most difficult book I ever voluntarily read in its entirety was Gaddis' nine-hundred-and-fifty-six-page first novel,
414:
In May 1955 Gaddis eloped with Patsy
Thompson Black (1928–2000), a model and actress who had come to New York from North Carolina to break into theater. They had two children: Sarah (b. September 1955)—who wrote a novel,
288:
for little over a year (late
February 1945 until late April 1946), then spent five years traveling in Mexico, Central America, Spain, France, England, and North Africa, returning to the United States in 1951.
272:. He continued in private school until the eighth grade, after which he returned to Long Island to receive his diploma at Farmingdale High School in 1941. He entered Harvard in 1941 where he was a member of
772:
296:, appeared in 1955. A lengthy, complex, and allusive work, it had to wait to find its audience. Newspaper reviewers considered it overly intellectual, overwritten, and disgusting (the book was defended by
431:
Among fans of post-modern fiction, Gaddis is often acknowledged as being one of the greatest of
American post-war novelists. A critic who early on appreciated his work and recognized its value is
840:
1810:
957:
603:
His works have been translated into a number of foreign languages, including French, German, Spanish, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Swedish, Chinese, Turkish, and
Ukrainian.
2380:
998:
895:
2325:
400:, meaning divine, unconditional love), which was published in 2002, a novella in the form of the last words of a character similar but not identical to his creator.
762:
1875:
439:
and in 1989 a monograph on Gaddis in the Twayne series. Gaddis's influence is vast (although frequently subterranean): for example, postmodern authors such as
453:, Pynchon was actually speculated to have been a pen name for Gaddis due to the similarity of styles and the dearth of information about the two authors; the
2345:
623:
730:
498:, Gaddis's work grew angrier and angrier. It's a signature paradox of literary postmodernism: the writer whose least angry work was written first."
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359:(1985) offered a shorter and more accessible picture of Gaddis's sardonic worldview. Instead of struggling against misanthropy (as in
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278:(where he eventually served as president), but was asked to leave in 1944 due to an altercation with police. He worked as a
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wallows in it. The continual litigation that was a theme in that book becomes the central theme and plot device in
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348:
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193:(December 29, 1922 – December 16, 1998) was an American novelist. The first and longest of his five novels,
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71:
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letters also claimed that Gaddis, Pynchon, and Jack Green were the same person), as well as authors such as
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890:
2003:
1981:
1477:
Reading
William Gaddis: A Collective Volume of Essays on William Gaddis's Novels, from J R to Agape Agape
952:
919:
734:
1083:
1020:
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1969:
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work and the making of documentary films to support himself and his family. In this role he worked for
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224:
2258:
1945:
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1088:
1025:
580:, which has been noted in at least one academic journal as a superior example of scholarship using
423:
was published (1994), which is dedicated to her. Gaddis lived alone for the remainder of his life.
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1962:
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1713:
1503:. Penn Studies in Contemporary American Fiction. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
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in a series of broadsheets blasting the critics; the series was collected later under the title
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244:
112:
32:
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1957:
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Beside the awards for particular works, Gaddis has received three other awards and honors:
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233:
406:, published at the same time, collected most of Gaddis's previously published nonfiction.
8:
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529:. (DeLillo was a friend of Gaddis.) The characters Richard Whitehurst in Kurt Wenzel's
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733:. Washington University Libraries, Department of Special Collections. Archived from
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924:
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388:, of prostate cancer on December 16, 1998, but not before creating his final work,
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377:(1994)—which earned him his second National Book Award and was a finalist for the
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2015:
1974:
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681:
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1996:
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994:
763:"William Gaddis, 75, Innovative Author Of Complex, Demanding Novels, Is Dead"
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grants, all of which helped him write his second novel. In 1975 he published
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2044:
2008:
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https://electronicbookreview.com/gathering/william-gaddis-at-his-centenary/
589:
510:
462:
243:, Gaddis is widely considered one of the first and most important American
1616:
1399:
Alberts, Crystal; Leise, Christopher; Vanwesenbeeck, Birger, eds. (2009).
255:
Gaddis was born in New York City to
William Thomas Gaddis, who worked "on
2198:
2150:
2114:
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2020:
1986:
1501:
Carnival of
Repetition: Gaddis's "The Recognitions" and Postmodern Theory
1422:. Bloom's Modern Critical Views. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers.
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520:
440:
265:
256:
1287:
537:(2002) likely are based on Gaddis. Authors influenced by Gaddis include
494:." Franzen continued: "In the four decades following the publication of
261:
1634:
O’Brien, John, ed. (1982). "William Gaddis / Nicholas Mosley Number".
1279:
1201:"Mr. Difficult: William Gaddis and the Problem of Hard-to-Read Books"
594:
Nobody Grew but the
Business: On the Life and Work of William Gaddis,
581:
447:
seem to have been influenced by Gaddis (indeed, upon publication of
1691:. Madison & Teaneck, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press.
1651:
Nobody Grew but the
Business On the Life and Work of William Gaddis
396:
1705:
1167:"Who's Writing Whose Writing? Gaddis, Green, Pynchon and Tinasky"
473:, who have all stated their admiration for Gaddis in general and
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2244:
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1600:
1337:
948:"The Last Obscenity: William Gaddis's Collected Correspondence"
577:
525:
314:
886:"America's Best Unknown Writer: The letters of William Gaddis"
576:
His life and work are the subject of a comprehensive website,
981:"'Fire The Bastards!': The Great Defender of William Gaddis"
501:
Characters in fiction based on Gaddis include Harry Lees in
1458:
The Ethics of Indeterminacy in the Novels of William Gaddis
222:. A collection of his essays was published posthumously as
1921:
1759:
1398:
657:
343:
322:
208:
134:
1528:
Hints & Guesses: William Gaddis's Fiction of Longing
1306:"Gaddis Bibliography: D. Translations of Gaddis's Works"
1266:
Grayson, Erik (2005). "Review: The Gaddis Annotations".
268:. At age 5 he was sent to Merricourt Boarding School in
1689:
A Vision of His Own: The Mind and Art of William Gaddis
449:
437:
A Reader's Guide to William Gaddis's "The Recognitions"
1585:
A Reader's Guide to William Gaddis's The Recognitions
854:
852:
2381:
Members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters
1437:Brunel, Jean-Louis; Gresset, Michel, eds. (1994).
849:
624:American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters
1670:Paper Empire: William Gaddis and the World System
1545:Kuehl, John Richard; Moore, Steven, eds. (1984).
1355:
2326:Deaths from prostate cancer in the United States
2292:
1447:Gaddis at His Centenary. Electronic Book Review,
728:
1152:ed. Steven Moore (Dalkey Archive Press, 2013).
1148:The source for all details in this section is
379:National Book Critics Circle Award for Fiction
1869:
1721:
1495:Reprint with an introduction by Steven Moore.
1436:
1667:
1479:. Orléans: Presses Universitaires d'Orléans.
1460:. Gainesville: University Press of Florida.
1371:"In Recognition. Remembering William Gaddis"
1358:"William Gaddis, The Art of Fiction No. 101"
731:"William Gaddis, 1922–1998. American author"
584:resources. Gaddis's papers are collected at
363:) or reluctantly giving ground to it (as in
1668:Tabbi, Joseph; Shavers, Rone, eds. (2007).
1653:. Evanston: Northwestern University Press.
1368:
1237:"The Gaddis Annotations: Gaddis in Fiction"
1876:
1862:
1728:
1714:
1544:
1530:. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
1160:
1158:
1114:
394:(the first word of the title is the Greek
31:
2346:People from East Hampton (town), New York
1587:. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
1493:. Normal, Illinois: Dalkey Archive Press.
978:
929:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1603402
917:Peschel, Bill (1999). "Gaddis, William".
756:
754:
752:
533:(2001) and Joshua Gel in Stephen Dixon's
1498:
1164:
819:"National Book Award Winners: 1950–2009"
711:List of novelists from the United States
1633:
1401:William Gaddis, 'The Last of Something'
1265:
1195:
1189:
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1120:"A Frolic of His Own by William Gaddis"
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916:
426:
2371:PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction winners
2366:Deaths from cancer in New York (state)
2293:
1525:
1455:
1417:
1403:. Jefferson: McFarland & Company.
1001:from the original on December 17, 2013
945:
811:
760:
749:
331:National Institute of Arts and Letters
2052:The Collected Stories of Eudora Welty
1857:
1709:
1686:
1648:
1606:
1582:
1563:
1483:
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1346:at Washington University in St. Louis
1213:from the original on January 22, 2011
1033:from the original on January 30, 2020
979:O’Connell, Mark (February 17, 2012).
972:
923:. New York: Oxford University Press.
883:
858:
775:from the original on October 15, 2018
1445:Chetwynd, Ali, and Marie Fahd, eds.
1388:Authorities, with 15 catalog records
1051:
884:Raban, Jonathan (October 10, 2013).
729:Alberts, Crystal (August 11, 2005).
606:
1316:from the original on March 14, 2021
960:from the original on March 27, 2016
898:from the original on April 16, 2019
588:. The first book-length biography,
329:, among others. He also received a
13:
2386:20th-century American male writers
1735:
1441:. Profils Americains. Vol. 6.
1392:
1247:from the original on June 10, 2011
838:Entropy in William Gaddis's Novels
817:National Book Foundation: Awards:
803:. October 16, 2005. Archived from
586:Washington University in St. Louis
250:
14:
2397:
1611:. New York: Bloomsbury Academic.
1356:Zoltán Abádi-Nagy (Winter 1987).
1331:
1300:
1231:
1177:from the original on May 12, 2021
1096:from the original on June 3, 2019
761:Gussow, Mel (December 17, 1998).
513:'s autobiographical 1958 novella
204:100 best novels from 1923 to 2005
2351:People from Massapequa, New York
1609:William Gaddis: Expanded Edition
1547:In Recognition of William Gaddis
1340:, a comprehensive scholarly site
1165:Westrope, Alan (November 2000).
1124:National Book Award Fiction Blog
1058:National Book Award Fiction Blog
685:(completed 1998, published 2002)
633:for Lifetime Achievement (1993).
2311:20th-century American novelists
1885:National Book Award for Fiction
1672:. University of Alabama Press.
1526:Knight, Christopher J. (1997).
1294:
1259:
1225:
1142:
1108:
1045:
349:National Book Award for Fiction
339:National Endowment for the Arts
220:National Book Award for Fiction
2376:Farmingdale High School alumni
1993:Plains Song: For Female Voices
1637:Review of Contemporary Fiction
1150:The Letters of William Gaddis,
939:
910:
877:
831:
787:
722:
409:
1:
1811:The Letters of William Gaddis
1566:"William Gaddis: A Portfolio"
1549:. Syracuse University Press.
1475:FĂ©lix, Brigitte, ed. (2007).
1052:Post, Chad (August 4, 2009).
861:"William Gaddis: A Portfolio"
716:
598:Northwestern University Press
230:The Letters of William Gaddis
16:American novelist (1922–1998)
2361:Novelists from New York City
2205:Ship Fever and Other Stories
946:Gutkin, Len (June 3, 2013).
891:The New York Review of Books
700:(collection, published 2002)
7:
2356:American postmodern writers
2341:National Book Award winners
2004:The Stories of John Cheever
1982:The World According to Garp
1418:Harold, Bloom, ed. (2004).
1084:"National Book Awards 1994"
1021:"National Book Awards 1976"
953:Los Angeles Review of Books
920:American National Biography
828:. Retrieved March 28, 2012.
704:
10:
2402:
2331:The Harvard Lampoon alumni
519:and possibly Bill Gray in
46:William Thomas Gaddis, Jr.
2254:
2028:So Long, See You Tomorrow
1892:
1821:
1803:The Rush for Second Place
1794:
1743:
1564:Moody, Rick, ed. (2003).
1369:John Sherry (June 1999).
1344:The William Gaddis Papers
859:Moody, Rick, ed. (2003).
697:The Rush for Second Place
619:’s "Genius Award" (1982);
403:The Rush for Second Place
225:The Rush for Second Place
191:William Thomas Gaddis Jr.
180:
163:
153:
118:
108:
100:
92:
82:
61:
42:
30:
23:
1456:Comnes, Gregory (1994).
1350:The William Gaddis pages
1089:National Book Foundation
1026:National Book Foundation
637:
2316:American male novelists
1910:The Hair of Harold Roux
1499:Johnston, John (1990).
1268:Modern Language Studies
935:(subscription required)
435:: in 1982 he published
384:Gaddis died at home in
1649:Tabbi, Joseph (2015).
1607:Moore, Steven (2015).
1601:The Gaddis Annotations
1583:Moore, Steven (1982).
1338:The Gaddis Annotations
1310:The Gaddis Annotations
1241:The Gaddis Annotations
1199:(September 30, 2002).
1054:"JR by William Gaddis"
843:July 13, 2011, at the
578:The Gaddis Annotations
386:East Hampton, New York
309:Gaddis then turned to
218:, won the annual U.S.
2158:All the Pretty Horses
1687:Wolfe, Peter (1997).
1617:10.5040/9781501304941
1130:on September 14, 2018
1118:(September 6, 2009).
824:May 28, 2012, at the
795:"All Time 100 Novels"
737:on September 12, 2004
631:Lannan Literary Award
483:, who in an essay in
2321:Bard College faculty
1958:Going After Cacciato
1599:Expanded edition on
1364:. Winter 1987 (105).
1064:on September 1, 2018
807:on October 19, 2005.
617:MacArthur Foundation
507:Who Walk in Darkness
471:David Foster Wallace
427:Legacy and influence
234:Dalkey Archive Press
2182:A Frolic of His Own
1776:A Frolic of His Own
1386:Library of Congress
674:A Frolic of His Own
553:Epitaph for a Tramp
421:A Frolic of His Own
374:A Frolic of His Own
275:The Harvard Lampoon
270:Berlin, Connecticut
215:A Frolic of His Own
199:, was named one of
158:National Book Award
143:A Frolic of His Own
2063:Victory Over Japan
1934:The Spectator Bird
1830:Fire the Bastards!
1795:Letters and essays
1768:Carpenter's Gothic
1490:Fire the Bastards!
1352:at The Modern Word
1116:Augenbraum, Harold
768:The New York Times
666:Carpenter's Gothic
562:A Smuggler's Bible
369:Carpenter's Gothic
356:Carpenter's Gothic
327:United States Army
303:Fire the Bastards!
245:postmodern writers
236:in February 2013.
87:Harvard University
2336:MacArthur Fellows
2288:
2287:
2194:Sabbath's Theater
2170:The Shipping News
1851:
1850:
1626:978-1-6289-2645-3
1410:978-0-7864-4309-3
1197:Franzen, Jonathan
607:Awards and honors
596:was published by
571:The Magic Kingdom
531:Lit Life: A Novel
516:The Subterraneans
509:, Harold Sand in
503:Chandler Brossard
335:Rockefeller grant
292:His first novel,
232:was published by
188:
187:
109:Literary movement
65:December 16, 1998
57:New York City, US
55:December 29, 1922
2393:
2040:The Color Purple
1878:
1871:
1864:
1855:
1854:
1822:Related articles
1752:The Recognitions
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1375:Hamptons Country
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1126:. Archived from
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650:The Recognitions
622:Election to the
539:Jonathan Franzen
496:The Recognitions
492:The Recognitions
481:Jonathan Franzen
475:The Recognitions
361:The Recognitions
311:public relations
294:The Recognitions
241:MacArthur Fellow
206:and two others,
196:The Recognitions
127:The Recognitions
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2221:Charles Frazier
2175:E. Annie Proulx
2163:Cormac McCarthy
2139:Charles Johnson
2103:Larry Heinemann
2067:Ellen Gilchrist
2033:William Maxwell
1970:Sophie's Choice
1951:Mary Lee Settle
1939:Wallace Stegner
1915:Thomas Williams
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1393:Further reading
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544:The Corrections
477:in particular.
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253:
251:Life and career
201:TIME magazine's
176:
173:Judith Thompson
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2228:Charming Billy
2224:
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2209:Andrea Barrett
2202:
2190:
2187:William Gaddis
2178:
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2134:Middle Passage
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2091:E. L. Doctorow
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2016:Rabbit Is Rich
2012:
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1975:William Styron
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1927:William Gaddis
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1740:
1737:William Gaddis
1733:
1732:
1725:
1718:
1710:
1704:
1703:
1698:978-0838636947
1697:
1684:
1678:
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1646:
1631:
1625:
1604:
1593:
1580:
1561:
1556:978-0815623069
1555:
1542:
1536:
1523:
1509:
1496:
1481:
1472:
1467:978-0813012513
1466:
1453:
1443:
1439:William Gaddis
1434:
1429:978-0791076644
1428:
1420:William Gaddis
1415:
1409:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1389:
1382:William Gaddis
1379:
1366:
1353:
1347:
1341:
1333:
1332:External links
1330:
1328:
1327:
1293:
1274:(2): 107–109.
1258:
1224:
1206:The New Yorker
1188:
1154:
1141:
1107:
1075:
1044:
1012:
986:The New Yorker
971:
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608:
605:
557:Joseph McElroy
523:'s 1991 novel
505:'s 1952 novel
486:The New Yorker
459:Joseph McElroy
445:Thomas Pynchon
428:
425:
411:
408:
285:The New Yorker
252:
249:
186:
185:
182:
178:
177:
175:
174:
171:
170:Patricia Black
167:
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154:Notable awards
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69:(aged 75)
63:
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44:
40:
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37:Gaddis in 1975
36:
28:
27:
25:William Gaddis
24:
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2260:
2259:Complete list
2257:
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2222:
2218:
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2216:Cold Mountain
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2018:
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2013:
2010:
2006:
2005:
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1997:Wright Morris
1994:
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1984:
1983:
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1837:Mr. Difficult
1834:
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1302:Moore, Steven
1297:
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1233:Moore, Steven
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621:
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604:
601:
600:in May 2015.
599:
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567:Stanley Elkin
564:
563:
558:
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467:David Markson
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455:Wanda Tinasky
452:
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132:
129:
128:
124:
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121:
119:Notable works
117:
114:
113:Postmodernism
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
88:
85:
81:
77:
73:
64:
60:
45:
41:
34:
29:
22:
19:
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2214:
2204:
2192:
2186:
2180:
2168:
2156:
2144:
2132:
2120:
2108:
2098:Paco's Story
2096:
2086:World's Fair
2084:
2072:
2062:
2057:Eudora Welty
2050:
2045:Alice Walker
2038:
2026:
2014:
2009:John Cheever
2002:
1992:
1980:
1968:
1956:
1944:
1932:
1926:
1920:
1908:
1903:Robert Stone
1898:Dog Soldiers
1896:
1843:Steven Moore
1828:
1809:
1801:
1782:
1774:
1766:
1758:
1750:
1736:
1688:
1669:
1650:
1641:
1635:
1608:
1584:
1575:
1571:Conjunctions
1569:
1546:
1527:
1500:
1488:
1476:
1457:
1446:
1438:
1419:
1400:
1374:
1362:Paris Review
1361:
1318:. Retrieved
1309:
1296:
1271:
1267:
1261:
1249:. Retrieved
1240:
1227:
1215:. Retrieved
1204:
1191:
1179:. Retrieved
1170:
1149:
1144:
1132:. Retrieved
1128:the original
1123:
1110:
1098:. Retrieved
1087:
1078:
1066:. Retrieved
1062:the original
1057:
1047:
1035:. Retrieved
1024:
1015:
1003:. Retrieved
984:
974:
962:. Retrieved
951:
941:
918:
912:
900:. Retrieved
889:
879:
870:
866:Conjunctions
864:
833:
813:
805:the original
798:
789:
777:. Retrieved
766:
739:. Retrieved
735:the original
724:
695:
689:
688:
680:
672:
664:
656:
648:
642:
641:
610:
602:
593:
590:Joseph Tabbi
575:
570:
560:
552:
542:
534:
530:
524:
514:
511:Jack Kerouac
506:
500:
495:
491:
484:
479:
474:
463:William Gass
448:
436:
433:Steven Moore
430:
420:
417:Swallow Hard
416:
413:
401:
395:
389:
383:
372:
368:
364:
360:
354:
353:
342:
308:
301:
293:
291:
283:
280:fact checker
273:
254:
238:
229:
223:
213:
207:
194:
190:
189:
141:
133:
125:
72:East Hampton
67:(1998-12-16)
18:
2306:1998 deaths
2301:1922 births
2199:Philip Roth
2151:Norman Rush
2115:Pete Dexter
2110:Paris Trout
2079:Don DeLillo
2074:White Noise
2021:John Updike
1987:John Irving
1963:Tim O'Brien
1887:(1975–1999)
1784:Agapē Agape
1519:j.ctv5132hq
1485:Green, Jack
1217:December 2,
1171:www.nyx.net
1134:December 2,
1100:December 2,
1068:December 2,
1037:December 2,
1005:December 2,
690:Non-fiction
682:Agapē Agape
521:Don DeLillo
441:Don DeLillo
410:Family life
391:Agapē Agape
266:Long Island
257:Wall Street
2295:Categories
2127:John Casey
1644:(2): 4–56.
1578:: 373–415.
873:: 373–415.
717:References
535:I: A Novel
337:, and two
325:, and the
298:Jack Green
262:Massapequa
51:1922-12-29
2279:2000–2024
2272:1975–1999
2265:1950–1974
1946:Blood Tie
995:0028-792X
582:new media
333:grant, a
96:1955–1998
83:Education
2122:Spartina
1487:(1992).
1314:Archived
1288:30039831
1251:June 20,
1245:Archived
1211:Archived
1175:Archived
1094:Archived
1031:Archived
999:Archived
958:Archived
896:Archived
841:Archived
822:Archived
773:Archived
705:See also
228:(2002).
181:Children
76:New York
2240:Waiting
779:June 7,
741:June 7,
643:Fiction
626:(1989);
2247:(1999)
2245:Ha Jin
2235:(1998)
2223:(1997)
2211:(1996)
2201:(1995)
2189:(1994)
2177:(1993)
2165:(1992)
2153:(1991)
2146:Mating
2141:(1990)
2129:(1989)
2117:(1988)
2105:(1987)
2093:(1986)
2081:(1985)
2069:(1984)
2059:(1983)
2047:(1983)
2035:(1982)
2023:(1982)
2011:(1981)
1999:(1981)
1989:(1980)
1977:(1980)
1965:(1979)
1953:(1978)
1941:(1977)
1929:(1976)
1917:(1975)
1905:(1975)
1814:(2013)
1806:(2002)
1787:(2002)
1779:(1994)
1771:(1985)
1763:(1975)
1755:(1955)
1744:Novels
1695:
1676:
1657:
1623:
1591:
1553:
1534:
1517:
1507:
1464:
1426:
1407:
1320:May 9,
1286:
1181:May 9,
993:
933:
902:May 9,
677:(1994)
669:(1985)
661:(1975)
653:(1955)
565:) and
526:Mao II
469:, and
315:Pfizer
164:Spouse
146:(1994)
138:(1975)
130:(1955)
93:Period
1515:JSTOR
1284:JSTOR
638:Works
397:agapē
104:Novel
101:Genre
1693:ISBN
1674:ISBN
1655:ISBN
1621:ISBN
1589:ISBN
1551:ISBN
1532:ISBN
1505:ISBN
1462:ISBN
1424:ISBN
1405:ISBN
1322:2021
1253:2011
1219:2023
1183:2021
1136:2023
1102:2023
1070:2023
1039:2023
1007:2023
991:ISSN
966:2013
904:2021
800:Time
781:2010
743:2010
629:The
615:The
443:and
282:for
212:and
78:, US
62:Died
43:Born
2243:by
2231:by
2219:by
2207:by
2197:by
2185:by
2173:by
2161:by
2149:by
2137:by
2125:by
2113:by
2101:by
2089:by
2077:by
2065:by
2055:by
2043:by
2031:by
2019:by
2007:by
1995:by
1985:by
1973:by
1961:by
1949:by
1937:by
1925:by
1922:J R
1913:by
1901:by
1760:J R
1613:doi
1384:at
1276:doi
925:doi
658:J R
592:'s
573:).
555:),
547:),
367:),
365:J R
344:J R
323:IBM
306:).
209:J R
135:J R
2297::
1640:.
1619:.
1576:41
1574:.
1568:.
1513:.
1373:.
1360:.
1312:.
1308:.
1304:.
1282:.
1272:35
1270:.
1243:.
1239:.
1235:.
1209:.
1203:.
1173:.
1169:.
1157:^
1122:.
1092:.
1086:.
1056:.
1029:.
1023:.
997:.
989:.
983:.
956:.
950:.
894:.
888:.
871:41
869:.
863:.
851:^
797:.
771:.
765:.
751:^
465:,
461:,
450:V.
381:.
351:.
321:,
317:,
264:,
247:.
239:A
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1663:.
1642:2
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1615::
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1597:.
1559:.
1540:.
1521:.
1470:.
1432:.
1413:.
1377:.
1324:.
1290:.
1278::
1255:.
1221:.
1185:.
1138:.
1104:.
1072:.
1041:.
1009:.
968:.
931:.
927::
906:.
783:.
745:.
569:(
559:(
551:(
541:(
184:2
53:)
49:(
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